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id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Historija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Historija</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Veličina_Sunca_i_Mjeseca" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Veličina_Sunca_i_Mjeseca"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Veličina Sunca i Mjeseca</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Veličina_Sunca_i_Mjeseca-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Obojenost_neba" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Obojenost_neba"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Obojenost neba</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Obojenost_neba-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Obojenost_oblaka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Obojenost_oblaka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Obojenost oblaka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Obojenost_oblaka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Halo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Halo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Halo</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Halo-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Uključi/isključi podsekciju Halo</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Halo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lažno_Sunce" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lažno_Sunce"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Lažno Sunce</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lažno_Sunce-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Glorija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Glorija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Glorija</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Glorija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Duga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Duga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Duga</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Duga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Miraž" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Miraž"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Miraž</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Miraž-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Uključi/isključi podsekciju Miraž</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Miraž-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fatamorgana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fatamorgana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Fatamorgana</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fatamorgana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Efekt_Nove_Zemlje" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Efekt_Nove_Zemlje"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Efekt Nove Zemlje</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Efekt_Nove_Zemlje-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Krepuskularne_zrake" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Krepuskularne_zrake"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Krepuskularne zrake</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Krepuskularne_zrake-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Uključi/isključi podsekciju Krepuskularne zrake</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Krepuskularne_zrake-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Antikrepuskularne_zrake" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antikrepuskularne_zrake"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Antikrepuskularne zrake</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antikrepuskularne_zrake-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Atmosferska_refrakcija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Atmosferska_refrakcija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Atmosferska refrakcija</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Atmosferska_refrakcija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Atmosferska_difrakcija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Atmosferska_difrakcija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Atmosferska difrakcija</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Atmosferska_difrakcija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reference" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reference"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Reference</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reference-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vanjski_linkovi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vanjski_linkovi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Vanjski linkovi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vanjski_linkovi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Uključi/isključi sadržaj" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Uključi/isključi sadržaj</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Atmosferska optika</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Idi na članak na drugom jeziku. Dostupno na 21 jeziku" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 jezik</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B5%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%8A" title="بصريات الرصد الجوي – arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بصريات الرصد الجوي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Атмасферная оптыка – bjeloruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Атмасферная оптыка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bjeloruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosph%C3%A4rische_Optik" title="Atmosphärische Optik – njemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Atmosphärische Optik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_optics" title="Atmospheric optics – engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Atmospheric optics" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93ptica_atmosf%C3%A9rica" title="Óptica atmosférica – španski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Óptica atmosférica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%81%D8%B1" title="اپتیک اتمسفر – perzijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اپتیک اتمسفر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93ptica_atmosf%C3%A9rica" title="Óptica atmosférica – galicijski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Óptica atmosférica" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optika_atmosfere" title="Optika atmosfere – hrvatski" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Optika atmosfere" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A9%D5%B6%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D6%85%D5%BA%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A1" title="Մթնոլորտային օպտիկա – armenski" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մթնոլորտային օպտիկա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lj%C3%B3sfr%C3%A6%C3%B0ilegt_fyrirbrig%C3%B0i" title="Ljósfræðilegt fyrirbrigði – islandski" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ljósfræðilegt fyrirbrigði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Атмосфералық оптика – kazaški" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Атмосфералық оптика" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8C%80%EA%B8%B0%EA%B4%91%ED%95%99" title="대기광학 – korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="대기광학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optik_atmosfera" title="Optik atmosfera – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Optik atmosfera" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93ptica_atmosf%C3%A9rica" title="Óptica atmosférica – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Óptica atmosférica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Атмосферная оптика – ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Атмосферная оптика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optika_atmosfere" title="Optika atmosfere – srpskohrvatski" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Optika atmosfere" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srpskohrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D3%A3" title="Оптикаи атмосферӣ – tadžički" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Оптикаи атмосферӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadžički" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosfer_opti%C4%9Fi" title="Atmosfer optiği – turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Atmosfer optiği" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Атмосферна оптика – ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Атмосферна оптика" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Firesunset2edit.jpg/450px-Firesunset2edit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Firesunset2edit.jpg/600px-Firesunset2edit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>Do raznobojnosti ili šarolikosti neba često dolazi usljed rasijanja svjetlosti od čestica i zagađenja, kao na ovoj fotografiji zalaska Sunca tokom <a href="/w/index.php?title=Po%C5%BEari_u_Kaliforniji_2007.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Požari u Kaliforniji 2007. (stranica ne postoji)">požara</a> u <a href="/wiki/Kalifornija" title="Kalifornija">Kaliforniji</a> u oktobru 2007.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Atmosferska optika</b> jest grana <a href="/wiki/Optika" title="Optika">optike</a> koja se bavi time kako jedinstvena svojstva <a href="/wiki/Zemljina_atmosfera" title="Zemljina atmosfera">Zemljine atmosfere</a> uzrokuju širok raspon spektakularnih <a href="/w/index.php?title=Opti%C4%8Dki_fenomen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Optički fenomen (stranica ne postoji)">optičkih fenomena</a>. Plava boja neba direktan je rezultat <a href="/wiki/Rayleighovo_rasijanje" title="Rayleighovo rasijanje">Rayleighovog rasijanja</a>, koje preusmjerava Sunčevu svjetlost s višom frekvencijom (plava) nazad u posmatračevo vidno polje. Zbog toga što se plava svjetlost lakše rasijava od crvene, Sunce poprima crvenkastu nijansu kad se posmatra kroz gustu atmosferu, kao prilikom <a href="/w/index.php?title=Izlazak_Sunca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Izlazak Sunca (stranica ne postoji)">izlaska</a> ili <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zalazak_Sunca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zalazak Sunca (stranica ne postoji)">zalaska</a>. Dodatne čestične tvari na nebu mogu rasijati različite boje pod različitim uglovima stvarajući lijep sjaj na nebu u sumrak i zoru. Rasijavanje od kristala leda i drugih čestica u atmosferi odgovorno je za <a href="/w/index.php?title=Halo_(opti%C4%8Dki_fenomen)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Halo (optički fenomen) (stranica ne postoji)">halo</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Crvenilo_neba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crvenilo neba (stranica ne postoji)">crvenilo neba</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Korona_(meteorologija)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Korona (meteorologija) (stranica ne postoji)">koronu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Krepuskularne_zrake" title="Krepuskularne zrake">krepuskularne zrake</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=La%C5%BEno_Sunce&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lažno Sunce (stranica ne postoji)">lažno Sunce</a>. Varijacija u ovim vrstama pojava nastaje usljed različitih veličina čestica i njihovih geometrije.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mira%C5%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miraž (stranica ne postoji)">Miraži</a> su optički fenomeni u kojima su svjetlosne zrake savijene zbog toplotnih varijacija u indeksu prelamanja zrâka, što proizvodi razbacane ili jako izobličene slike udaljenih predmeta. U ostale dramatične optičke fenomene povezane s ovim spada <a href="/w/index.php?title=Efekt_Nove_Zemlje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Efekt Nove Zemlje (stranica ne postoji)">efekt Nove Zemlje</a>, prilikom kojeg se čini da Sunce izlazi ranije nego što je predviđeno i u deformiranom obliku. Spektakularan oblik refrakcije dešava se pri <a href="/w/index.php?title=Inverzija_(meteorologija)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inverzija (meteorologija) (stranica ne postoji)">temperaturnoj inverziji</a>, a zove se <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fatamorgana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fatamorgana (stranica ne postoji)">fatamorgana</a>, prilikom koje predmeti na horizontu ili čak iza horizonta, kao što su ostrva, litice, brodovi ili ledeni bregovi, izgledaju izduženi i izdignuti, kao "dvorci iz bajki".<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Duga" title="Duga">Duge</a> su rezultat kombinacije unutrašnje refleksije i disperzivne refrakcije svjetlosti u kišnim kapima. Pojedinačna refleksija od mnoštva kišnih kapi proizvodi dugu, čija se ugaona veličina na nebu kreće od 40° do 42°, s crvenom bojom na vanjskoj strani. Dvostruke duge nastaju od dviju unutrašnjih refleksija s ugaonom veličinom od 50,5° do 54°, s ljubičastom bojom na vanjskoj strani. Budući da se duge vide kad je Sunce za 180° udaljeno od njihovog centra, one su izraženije što je Sunce bliže horizontu.<sup id="cite_ref-light_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-light-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historija">Historija</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atmosferska_optika&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odlomak "Historija"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atmosferska_optika&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Historija"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Knjiga o meteorološkoj optici objavljena je u 16. stoljeću, ali napisane su mnoge o toj temi od otprilike 1950.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tema je popularizirana zahvaljujući knjizi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcel_Minnaert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marcel Minnaert (stranica ne postoji)">Marcela Minnaerta</a> <i>Svjetlost i boja na otvorenome</i> iz 1954.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Veličina_Sunca_i_Mjeseca"><span id="Veli.C4.8Dina_Sunca_i_Mjeseca"></span>Veličina Sunca i Mjeseca</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atmosferska_optika&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odlomak "Veličina Sunca i Mjeseca"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atmosferska_optika&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Veličina Sunca i Mjeseca"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Moon_size_illusion.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Moon_size_illusion.png/250px-Moon_size_illusion.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Moon_size_illusion.png/375px-Moon_size_illusion.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Moon_size_illusion.png/500px-Moon_size_illusion.png 2x" data-file-width="615" data-file-height="399" /></a><figcaption>Usporedba između relativnih veličina Mjeseca i oblaka u različitim tačkama na nebu</figcaption></figure> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Glavni članak: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mjese%C4%8Deva_iluzija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mjesečeva iluzija (stranica ne postoji)">Mjesečeva iluzija</a></div> <p>U <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knjiga_o_optici&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Knjiga o optici (stranica ne postoji)">Knjizi o optici</a></i> (1011–1022) <a href="/wiki/Alhazen" title="Alhazen">Alhazen</a> (Ibnul-Hejsem) tvrdio je da se vid dešava u mozgu i da lično iskustvo ima efekt na ono što ljudi vide i kako to vide, te da su vid i percepcija subjektivni. Suprotstavljajući se <a href="/wiki/Ptolemej" title="Ptolemej">Ptolemejevoj</a> teoriji refrakcije u vezi s tim zašto Sunce i Mjesec ljudima djeluju veći kad su na <a href="/wiki/Horizont" title="Horizont">horizontu</a> nego kad su uviše na nebu, redefinirao je ovaj problem u smislu percipiranog umjesto stvarnog povećanja. Rekao je da prosuđivanje udaljenosti nekog predmeta zavisi od postojanja neprekinutog niza predmeta koji se nalaze između posmatranog predmeta i posmatrača. U slučaju Mjeseca, međutim, takvih predmeta nema. Stoga, budući da veličina predmeta zavisi od njegove posmatrane udaljenosti, što je u ovom slučaju netačno, Mjesec izgleda veći na horizontu. Zahvaljujući djelima <a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_Bacon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roger Bacon (stranica ne postoji)">Rogera Bacona</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Pecham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Pecham (stranica ne postoji)">Johna Pechama</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Witelo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Witelo (stranica ne postoji)">Witela</a> zasnovanim na Alhazenovom objašnjenju, Mjesečeva iluzija postepeno je postala prihvaćena kao psihološki fenomen, a Ptolemejeva teorija odbačena je u 17. stoljeću.<sup id="cite_ref-Hershenson_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hershenson-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Više od 100 godina naučnici koji proučavaju vid provode istraživanja o Mjesečevoj iluziji, a svi su oni bili psiholozi koji su se specijalizirali za ljudsku <a href="/wiki/Percepcija" title="Percepcija">percepciju</a>. Nakon pregledavanja mnogih različitih objašnjenja, u svojoj knjizi <i>Misterija Mjesečeve iluzije</i> (2002) Ross i Plug zaključili su da se "nijedna teorija nije pokazala pobjedničkom".<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Obojenost_neba">Obojenost neba</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atmosferska_optika&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odlomak "Obojenost neba"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atmosferska_optika&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Obojenost neba"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Glavni članak: <a href="/wiki/Nebo" title="Nebo">Nebo</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Skyshot.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Skyshot.jpg/200px-Skyshot.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Skyshot.jpg/300px-Skyshot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/Skyshot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Kad se nebo gleda s <a href="/w/index.php?title=Visina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Visina (stranica ne postoji)">visine</a>, kao što je ovaj pogled iz <a href="/wiki/Avion" title="Avion">aviona</a>, boja neba varira od blijede do tamne na visinama koje se približavaju <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zenit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zenit (stranica ne postoji)">zenitu</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Svjetlost s neba rezultat je <a href="/wiki/Difuzna_radijacija_Zemlje" title="Difuzna radijacija Zemlje">rasijanja</a> Sunčeve svjetlosti, što dalje rezultira plavom <a href="/wiki/Boja" title="Boja">bojom</a> koju percipira <a href="/wiki/Ljudsko_oko" title="Ljudsko oko">ljudsko oko</a>. Kad je dan sunčan, Rayleighovo rasijanje daje nebu plavi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gradijent_slike&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gradijent slike (stranica ne postoji)">gradijent</a> – tamna nijansa u blizini <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zenit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zenit (stranica ne postoji)">zenita</a>, svijetla blizu horizonta. Svjetlost koja dolazi odozgo nailazi na 1/38 zračne mase na koju nailazi svjetlost koja ide putanjom duž horizonta. Dakle, manje čestica rasijava snop Sunčeve svjetlosti u zenitu i stoga je svjetlost u tamnijoj nijansi plave.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Plavetnilo je na horizontu zbog toga što je plava svjetlost koja dolazi iz velikih udaljenosti također preferencijalno rasijana. Ovo rezultira <a href="/wiki/Crveni_pomak" title="Crveni pomak">crvenim pomakom</a> udaljenih izvora svjetlosti koji kompenzira plava nijansa rasijane svjetlosti u vidnom polju. Drugim riječima, crvena svjetlost također se rasijava; ako to čini u tački jako udaljenoj od posmatrača, ima mnogo veću šansu da dođe do posmatrača nego plava svjetlost. Na udaljenostima koje se približavaju beskonačnosti rasijana svjetlost stoga je bijela. Daleki oblaci ili snježni vrhovi planina djelovat će žuti iz tog razloga;<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> taj efekt nije očit u vedrim danima, ali je veoma naglašen kad oblaci pokrivaju vidno polje, reducirajući plavu nijansu rasijane Sunčeve svjetlosti. </p><p>Rasijanje usljed čestica veličine <a href="/wiki/Molekula" title="Molekula">molekula</a> (kao u zraku) veće je prema naprijed i nazad nego bočno.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pojedinačne kapi vode izložene bijeloj svjetlosti proizvest će skup obojenih prstenova. Ako je oblak dovoljno gust, rasijanje od više kapi vode "isprat će" skup obojenih prstenova i proizvesti ispranu bijelu boju.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prašina iz <a href="/wiki/Sahara" title="Sahara">Sahare</a> kreće se oko južne periferije <a href="/w/index.php?title=Suptropski_pojas_visokog_pritiska&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suptropski pojas visokog pritiska (stranica ne postoji)">suptropskog pojasa visokog pritiska</a> i dolazi na jugoistok <a href="/wiki/SAD" class="mw-redirect" title="SAD">SAD</a>-a tokom ljeta, što mijenja boju neba iz plave u bijelu i dovodi do povećanja broja crvenih zalazaka Sunca. Njeno prisustvo negativno utječe na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zaga%C4%91enje_zraka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zagađenje zraka (stranica ne postoji)">kvalitet zraka</a> tokom ljeta s obzirom na to da povećava broj čestica u zraku.<sup id="cite_ref-pooraq_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pooraq-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Three_Pillars_of_Astronomy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Three_Pillars_of_Astronomy.jpg/220px-Three_Pillars_of_Astronomy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Three_Pillars_of_Astronomy.jpg/330px-Three_Pillars_of_Astronomy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Three_Pillars_of_Astronomy.jpg/440px-Three_Pillars_of_Astronomy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5895" data-file-height="3672" /></a><figcaption>Purpurno nebo iznad opservatorije <a href="/w/index.php?title=Opservatorija_La_Silla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Opservatorija La Silla (stranica ne postoji)">La Silla</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Nebo može poprimiti razne boje, kao što su crvena, narančasta, ružičasta i žuta (naročito blizu zalaska ili izlaska Sunca) i crna <a href="/wiki/No%C4%87" title="Noć">noću</a>. Efekti rasijanja također djelomično <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polarizacija_(talasi)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polarizacija (talasi) (stranica ne postoji)">polariziraju</a> svjetlost s neba, što je najistaknutije pod uglom od 90° od Sunca. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Me%C4%91unarodna_komisija_za_osvjetljavanje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Međunarodna komisija za osvjetljavanje (stranica ne postoji)">Međunarodna komisija za osvjetljavanje</a> (CIE) preporučila je modele distribucije <a href="/w/index.php?title=Luminancija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luminancija (stranica ne postoji)">luminancije</a> neba za izradu shema <a href="/w/index.php?title=Prirodno_osvjetljenje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prirodno osvjetljenje (stranica ne postoji)">prirodnog osvjetljenja</a>. Nedavni razvoji relate to "modele cijelog neba" za modeliranje luminancije neba pod <a href="/wiki/Vrijeme_(klima)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vrijeme (klima)">vremenskim</a> uvjetima u rasponu od vedrog do veoma naoblačenog neba.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Obojenost_oblaka">Obojenost oblaka</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atmosferska_optika&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi odlomak "Obojenost oblaka"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atmosferska_optika&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Obojenost oblaka"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Također pogledajte: <a href="/wiki/Oblak" title="Oblak">Oblak</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Irid_clouds1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Irid_clouds1.jpg/250px-Irid_clouds1.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Irid_clouds1.jpg/375px-Irid_clouds1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Irid_clouds1.jpg/500px-Irid_clouds1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="711" data-file-height="665" /></a><figcaption>Primjer <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iridescencija_oblaka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iridescencija oblaka (stranica ne postoji)">iridescencije</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Altokumulus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Altokumulus (stranica ne postoji)">altokumulusa</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cirokumulus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cirokumulus (stranica ne postoji)">cirokumulusa</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Red_Color_in_Gray_Clouds.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Red_Color_in_Gray_Clouds.JPG/250px-Red_Color_in_Gray_Clouds.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Red_Color_in_Gray_Clouds.JPG/375px-Red_Color_in_Gray_Clouds.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Red_Color_in_Gray_Clouds.JPG/500px-Red_Color_in_Gray_Clouds.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2832" data-file-height="2128" /></a><figcaption>Refleksija nijansi ružičaste boje na sivim <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stratokumulus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stratokumulus (stranica ne postoji)">stratokumulusima</a> prilikom zalaska Sunca</figcaption></figure> <p>Boja oblaka, viđena sa Zemlje, govori mnogo o tome šta se dešava unutar datog oblaka. Gusti troposferski oblaci imaju visoku reflektivnost (70% do 95%) širom <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vidljivi_spektar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vidljivi spektar (stranica ne postoji)">vidljivog spektra</a>. Sitne čestice vode gusto su zbijene i Sunčeva svjetlost ne može prodrijeti duboko u oblak prije no što bude izreflektirana, što oblaku daje njegovu karakterističnu bijelu boju, naročito kad se gleda odozgo.<sup id="cite_ref-Steven_Salter_and_John_Latham_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Steven_Salter_and_John_Latham-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kapljice u oblacima imaju tendenciju da efikasno rasiju svjetlost, tako da se jačina <a href="/w/index.php?title=Solarno_zra%C4%8Denje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Solarno zračenje (stranica ne postoji)">solarnog zračenja</a> smanjuje sa dubinom. Kao rezultat, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baza_oblaka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baza oblaka (stranica ne postoji)">baza oblaka</a> može varirati od veoma svijetle do veoma tamne sive, u zavisnosti od gustoće oblaka i toga koliko se svjetlosti reflektira ili prenosi nazad do posmatrača. Rijetki oblaci mogu izgledati bijeli ili se može činiti da su primili boju njihova <a href="/wiki/Prirodno_okru%C5%BEenje" title="Prirodno okruženje">okruženja</a> ili pozadine. Visokotroposferski i netroposferski oblaci izgledaju većinom bijeli ako se u potpunosti sastoje od kristala leda i/ili superhladnih kapljica vode. </p><p>Kako troposferski oblak sazrijeva, guste kapljice vode mogu se spojiti i proizvesti veće kapi, koje se dalje ponovo mogu spojiti u kapi dovoljno velike da padnu kao <a href="/wiki/Ki%C5%A1a" title="Kiša">kiša</a>. Ovim procesom of akumulacije prostor između kapkjica postaje sve veći i veći, dozvoljavajući svjetlosti da prodre dublje u oblak. Ako je oblak dovoljno velik, a kapljice u njemu na dovoljnom međusobnom rastojanju, može se desiti da se postotak svjetlosti koji ulazi u oblak ne reflektira nazad prije before nego što bude apsorbiran. Jednostavan primjer ovoga jest to što se može vidjeti dalje pri jakoj kiši nego pri gustoj magli. Upravo ovaj proces <a href="/wiki/Refleksija_(fizika)" title="Refleksija (fizika)">refleksije</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Apsorpcija_(elektromagnetno_zra%C4%8Denje)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apsorpcija (elektromagnetno zračenje) (stranica ne postoji)">apsorpcije</a> uzrokuje da se boja oblaka mijenja u rasponu od bijele do crne.<sup id="cite_ref-Bette_Hileman_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bette_Hileman-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ostale boje prirodno se pojavljuju u oblacima. Plavkasto-siva rezultat je rasijanja svjetlosti unutar oblaka. U vidljivom spektru plava i zelena nalaze se na kraćem kraju vidljivih talasnih dužina svjetlosti, dok su crvena i žuta na dužem kraju.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kapljice vode lakše rasijavaju kratke zrake, a kod dugih je veća vjerovatnoća da će biti apsorbirane. Plavkasta boja dokaz je da takvo rasijanje proizvode kapi veličine kišnih u oblacima. Primjesa zelenkaste boje u oblaku pojavljuje se kad Sunčevu svjetlost rasije led. Kumulonimbus koji odašilje zelenu boju znak je da je to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grmljavinska_oluja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grmljavinska oluja (stranica ne postoji)">jaka grmljavinska oluja</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-frank_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frank-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> koja može donijeti jaku kišu, <a href="/wiki/Grad_(padavina)" title="Grad (padavina)">grad</a>, jake <a href="/wiki/Vjetar" title="Vjetar">vjetrove</a> i <a href="/wiki/Tornado" title="Tornado">tornada</a>. Žućkasti oblaci mogu se pojaviti od kraja proljeća do rane jeseni tokom sezone <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0umski_po%C5%BEar" title="Šumski požar">šumskih požara</a>. Žuta boja nastaje usljed prisustva zagađivača u dimu. Žućkasti oblaci uzrokovani prisustvom dušikovog dioksida ponekad se vide u urbanim područjima s visokim nivoima zagađenja zraka.<sup id="cite_ref-Garrett_Nagle_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Garrett_Nagle-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Crveni, narančasti i ružičasti oblaci javljaju se gotovo potpuno prilikom izlaska i zalaska Sunca i rezultat su rasijanja Sunčeve svjetlosti u atmosferi. Kad je ugao između Sunca i horizonta manji od 10%, kao što je odmah nakon izlaska ili odmah prije zalaska Sunca, Sunčeva svjetlost postaje precrvena usljed refrakcije bilo kojih boja osim onih s crvenkastom nijansom.<sup id="cite_ref-frank_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frank-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Oblaci ne poprimaju tu boju; oni reflektiraju duge i nerasijane zrake Sunčeve svjetlosti, koji su dominantni u ovim satima. Ovaj efekt vrlo je sličan tome kao kad bi neko trebao prouzrokovati crvenu tačku na bijelom listu (npr., laserskim pokazivačem). U kombinaciji s velikim, sazrelim olujnim oblacima ovo može proizvesti da oblaci izgledaju crveni kao krv. Oblaci izgledaju tamniji u području blizu <a href="/wiki/Infracrveno_zra%C4%8Denje" title="Infracrveno zračenje">infracrvenog</a> zato što voda apsorbira solarno zračenje na tim <a href="/wiki/Talasna_du%C5%BEina" title="Talasna dužina">talasnim dužinama</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Halo">Halo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atmosferska_optika&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Uredi odlomak "Halo"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atmosferska_optika&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Halo"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Glavni članak: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Halo_(opti%C4%8Dki_fenomen)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Halo (optički fenomen) (stranica ne postoji)">Halo (optički fenomen)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Sun_halo_optical_phenomenon_edit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Sun_halo_optical_phenomenon_edit.jpg/220px-Sun_halo_optical_phenomenon_edit.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="326" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Sun_halo_optical_phenomenon_edit.jpg/330px-Sun_halo_optical_phenomenon_edit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Sun_halo_optical_phenomenon_edit.jpg/440px-Sun_halo_optical_phenomenon_edit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1776" /></a><figcaption>Čovjek ispred kompleksnog haloa</figcaption></figure> <p>Halo (grč. ἅλως) jest <a href="/w/index.php?title=Opti%C4%8Dki_fenomen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Optički fenomen (stranica ne postoji)">optički fenomen</a> koji nastaje usljed međudjelovanja svjetlosti od Sunca ili Mjeseca s kristalima leda u atmosferi, što rezultira obojenim ili bijelim lukovima, prstenovima ili tačkama na nebu.<sup id="cite_ref-1842diction_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1842diction-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mnogi haloi pozicionirani su blizu Sunca ili Mjeseca, ali ostali se nalaze drugdje, čak i na suprotnom dijelu neba. </p><p>Postoji mnogo tipova ledenih haloa. Proizvode ih kristali leda u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cirus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cirus (stranica ne postoji)">cirusima</a> ili <a href="/wiki/Cirostratus" title="Cirostratus">cirostratusima</a> visoko u gornjoj troposferi, na visini od 5 do 10 km, ili, pri vrlo hladnom vremenu, kristali leda zvani <a href="/wiki/Ledene_iglice" title="Ledene iglice">ledene iglice</a> koji lebde u zraku na malim visinama.<sup id="cite_ref-Grenci_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grenci-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FunOpt_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FunOpt-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Naročit oblik i orijentacija kristala odgovorni su za tipove haloa. Kristali leda <a href="/wiki/Refleksija_(fizika)" title="Refleksija (fizika)">reflektiraju</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Refrakcija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Refrakcija (stranica ne postoji)">prelamaju</a> svjetlost, koja se može rastaviti na boje zbog <a href="/w/index.php?title=Disperzija_(optika)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Disperzija (optika) (stranica ne postoji)">disperzije</a>. Oni se ponašaju kao <a href="/wiki/Prizma_(optika)" title="Prizma (optika)">prizme</a> i <a href="/wiki/Ogledalo" title="Ogledalo">ogledala</a>, prelamajući i reflektirajući Sunčevu svjetlost između njihovih strana, šaljući zrake svjetlosti u posebnim smjerovima.<sup id="cite_ref-1842diction_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1842diction-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kod kružnih haloa preferirana <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ugaona_udaljenost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ugaona udaljenost (stranica ne postoji)">ugaona udaljenost</a> iznosi 22 i 46 stepeni od kristala leda koji ih proizvode.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Atmosferski fenomeni, kao što je halo, korišteni su u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pu%C4%8Dka_meteorologija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pučka meteorologija (stranica ne postoji)">pučkoj meteorologiji</a> kao empirijsko sredstvo za <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vremenska_prognoza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vremenska prognoza (stranica ne postoji)">prognoziranje vremena</a>: njihovo prisustvo, navodno, ukazuje na približavanje <a href="/w/index.php?title=Topli_front&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Topli front (stranica ne postoji)">toplog fronta</a> i kiše povezane s njime.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lažno_Sunce"><span id="La.C5.BEno_Sunce"></span>Lažno Sunce</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atmosferska_optika&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Uredi odlomak "Lažno Sunce"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atmosferska_optika&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Lažno Sunce"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Glavni članak: <a href="/w/index.php?title=La%C5%BEno_Sunce&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lažno Sunce (stranica ne postoji)">Lažno Sunce</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Fargo_Sundogs_2_18_09.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Fargo_Sundogs_2_18_09.jpg/220px-Fargo_Sundogs_2_18_09.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Fargo_Sundogs_2_18_09.jpg/330px-Fargo_Sundogs_2_18_09.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Fargo_Sundogs_2_18_09.jpg/440px-Fargo_Sundogs_2_18_09.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Vrlo svijetla lažna Sunca u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fargo_(Sjeverna_Dakota)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fargo (Sjeverna Dakota) (stranica ne postoji)">Fargu</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sjeverna_Dakota" title="Sjeverna Dakota">Sjeverna Dakota</a>). Uočite lukove haloa koji prolaze kroz svako lažno Sunce.</figcaption></figure> <p>Lažna Sunca ili pasunca čest su tip haloa, a karakterizira ih pojava dviju blago obojenih svijetlih tačaka lijevo i desno od Sunca na udaljenosti od oko 22° i istoj visini iznad horizonta. Obično ih uzrokuju <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0estougaona_kristalna_re%C5%A1etka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Šestougaona kristalna rešetka (stranica ne postoji)">šestougaoni</a> kristali leda.<sup id="cite_ref-Grenci_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grenci-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FunOpt_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FunOpt-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ovi kristali imaju tendenciju da se horizontalno poravnaju dok tonu kroz zrak, što uzrokuje da prelamaju Sunčevu svjetlost nalijevo i nadesno, usljed čega nastaju dva lažna Sunca.<sup id="cite_ref-Grenci_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grenci-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FunOpt_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FunOpt-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kako se Sunce više uzdiže, zrake koje prolaze kroz kristale idu sve više ukoso od horizontalne ravni. Njihov se ugao devijacije povećava i lažna Sunca udaljavaju se od Sunca.<sup id="cite_ref-atoptics-sunalt_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atoptics-sunalt-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Međutim, ona uvijek ostaju na istoj visini kao i Sunce i obojena su crveno na strani najbližoj Suncu. Dalje prema vani boje se mijenjaju u plavu ili ljubičastu.<sup id="cite_ref-Grenci_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grenci-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ipak, one se značajno preklapaju i stoga su prigušene, rijetko čiste ili zasićene. Boje lažnog Sunca na kraju se stapaju u bijelu boju <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parheli%C4%8Dna_kru%C5%BEnica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parhelična kružnica (stranica ne postoji)">parhelične kružnice</a> (ako je potonja vidljiva). </p><p>Teoretski je moguće predvidjeti oblike lažnih Sunca kakvi bi bili na drugim planetama i njihovim satelitima. <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a> bi mogao imati lažna Sunca koja su formirali i vodeni led i CO<sub>2</sub>-led. Na divovskim plinovitim planetama – <a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiteru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn">Saturnu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uran" title="Uran">Uranu</a> i <a href="/wiki/Neptun" title="Neptun">Neptunu</a> – ostali kristali formiraju oblake <a href="/wiki/Amonijak" title="Amonijak">amonijaka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metan" title="Metan">metana</a> i drugih supstanci koje mogu proizvesti haloe sa četiri ili više lažnih Sunca.<sup id="cite_ref-atoptics-other-worlds_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atoptics-other-worlds-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Glorija">Glorija</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atmosferska_optika&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Uredi odlomak "Glorija"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atmosferska_optika&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Glorija"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Solar_glory_at_the_steam_from_hot_spring.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Solar_glory_at_the_steam_from_hot_spring.jpg/220px-Solar_glory_at_the_steam_from_hot_spring.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Solar_glory_at_the_steam_from_hot_spring.jpg/330px-Solar_glory_at_the_steam_from_hot_spring.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Solar_glory_at_the_steam_from_hot_spring.jpg/440px-Solar_glory_at_the_steam_from_hot_spring.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1824" data-file-height="1593" /></a><figcaption>Sunčeva glorija u pari iz <a href="/w/index.php?title=Termalni_izvor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Termalni izvor (stranica ne postoji)">termalnog izvora</a></figcaption></figure> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Glavni članak: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glorija_(opti%C4%8Dki_fenomen)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glorija (optički fenomen) (stranica ne postoji)">Glorija (optički fenomen)</a></div> <p>Čest optički fenomen koji uključuje kapljice vode jest glorija.<sup id="cite_ref-1842diction_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1842diction-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ovaj fenomen veoma je nalik na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Halo_(religijska_ikonografija)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Halo (religijska ikonografija) (stranica ne postoji)">halo</a> (aureolu) oko glava <a href="/w/index.php?title=Svetac&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Svetac (stranica ne postoji)">svetaca</a> na <a href="/wiki/Ikona" title="Ikona">ikonama</a> zato što se pojavljuje oko glave posmatrača, a uzrokuje ga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Povratno_rasijanje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Povratno rasijanje (stranica ne postoji)">povratno rasijanje</a> svjetlosti (kombinacija <a href="/w/index.php?title=Difrakcija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Difrakcija (stranica ne postoji)">difrakcije</a>, <a href="/wiki/Refleksija_(fizika)" title="Refleksija (fizika)">refleksije</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Refrakcija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Refrakcija (stranica ne postoji)">refrakcije</a>) prema njenom izvoru od strane oblaka ili kapljica vode iste veličine. Gloriju karakterizira više obojenih prstenova, s tim da je crvena u krajnjem vanjskom, a plava/ljubičasta u krajnjem unutrašnjem prstenu.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ugaona udaljenost mnogo je manja nego kod duge i kreće se u rasponu od 5° do 20°, u zavisnosti od veličine kapljica. Glorija se može vidjeti samo kad se posmatrač nalazi direktno između Sunca i oblaka kapljica koje prelamaju svjetlost. Stoga se obično vidi za vrijeme leta, kad okružuje sjenu aviona na oblacima (ovo se često naziva <i>pilotskom glorijom</i>). Glorije se također mogu vidjeti s planina i visokih zgrada,<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> kad su oblaci ili magla ispod nivoa na kojem je posmatrač ili u danima s niskom maglom. Glorija je povezana s <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antihelion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antihelion (stranica ne postoji)">antihelionom</a>, još jednim optičkim fenomenom. </p> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Duga">Duga</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atmosferska_optika&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Uredi odlomak "Duga"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atmosferska_optika&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Duga"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Glavni članak: <a href="/wiki/Duga" title="Duga">Duga</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Double-alaskan-rainbow.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Double-alaskan-rainbow.jpg/220px-Double-alaskan-rainbow.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Double-alaskan-rainbow.jpg/330px-Double-alaskan-rainbow.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Double-alaskan-rainbow.jpg/440px-Double-alaskan-rainbow.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1919" data-file-height="1008" /></a><figcaption>Dvostruka duga i prekobrojne duge na unutrašnjoj strani primarnog luka. Sjenka glave fotografa označava centar duginog kruga (<a href="/wiki/Antisolarna_ta%C4%8Dka" title="Antisolarna tačka">antisolarna tačka</a>).</figcaption></figure> <p>Duga je optički i <a href="/wiki/Meteorologija" title="Meteorologija">meteorološki</a> fenomen koji uzrokuje pojavljivanje <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vidljivi_spektar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vidljivi spektar (stranica ne postoji)">spektra</a> svjetlosti na nebu kada Sunčeva svjetlost obasjava kapljice vlage u Zemljinoj atmosferi. Ima oblik višebojnog luka. Duge izazvane Sunčevom svjetlošću uvijek se pojavljuju na dijelu neba direktno nasuprot Suncu, ali ne nastaju dalje od 42 stepena iznad horizonta za posmatrače na zemlji. Da bi ih vidio pod većim uglovima, posmatrač bi trebao biti u avionu ili blizu vrha planine jer bi inače duga bila ispod horizonta. Što su veće kapljice koje su formirale dugu, to će ona biti svjetlija. Duge su najčešće tokom poslijepodnevnih <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grmljavinska_oluja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grmljavinska oluja (stranica ne postoji)">grmljavinskih oluja</a> ljeti.<sup id="cite_ref-mac_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mac-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jedna refleksija s poleđine niza kišnih kapi proizvodi dugu ugaone veličine na nebu koja se kreće od 40° do 42° s crvenom bojom izvana. Dvostruke duge nastaju zahvaljujući dvjema unutrašnjim refleksijama ugaone veličine od 50,5° do 54° s ljubičastom na vanjskoj strani. Unutar "primarne duge" (najniže, a obično i najsjajnije) dugin luk pokazuje crvenu boju na vanjskom (ili gornjem) dijelu luka, a ljubičastu na unutrašnjem. Ova duga nastaje tako što se svjetlost jednom reflektira u kapljicama vode. U dvostrukoj dugi drugi luk može se vidjeti iznad i izvan primarnog i ima obratni redoslijed boja (crvena je okrenuta unutra prema drugoj dugi, u obje duge). Ova druga duga je uzrokovana dvostrukim reflektiranjem svjetlosti unutar kapljica vode.<sup id="cite_ref-mac_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mac-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Područje između dvostruke duge je tamno. Razlog za ovu tamnu prugu je taj što, dok svjetlost <i>ispod</i> primarne duge potječe od refleksije kapljica, a svjetlost <i>iznad</i> gornje (sekundarne) duge također potječe od refleksije kapljica, ne postoji mehanizam da područje <i>između</i> dvostruke duge uopće prikazuje bilo kakvu svjetlost reflektiranu od kapi vode. </p><p>Duga obuhvata kontinuiran spektar boja; različite pruge (uključujući broj pruga) artefakt su ljudskog <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vid_u_boji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vid u boji (stranica ne postoji)">vida u boji</a> i nikakva pruga bilo koje vrste ne vidi se na crno-bijeloj fotografiji duge (samo blaga gradacija intenziteta do maksimuma, zatim blijeđenje do minimuma na drugoj strani luka). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Miraž"><span id="Mira.C5.BE"></span>Miraž</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atmosferska_optika&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Uredi odlomak "Miraž"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atmosferska_optika&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Miraž"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Glavni članci: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zeleni_blijesak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zeleni blijesak (stranica ne postoji)">Zeleni blijesak</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mira%C5%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miraž (stranica ne postoji)">Miraž</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Farallon_Islands_at_inferior_mirage_no_mirage_and_superior_mirage.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Farallon_Islands_at_inferior_mirage_no_mirage_and_superior_mirage.jpg/350px-Farallon_Islands_at_inferior_mirage_no_mirage_and_superior_mirage.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="274" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Farallon_Islands_at_inferior_mirage_no_mirage_and_superior_mirage.jpg/525px-Farallon_Islands_at_inferior_mirage_no_mirage_and_superior_mirage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Farallon_Islands_at_inferior_mirage_no_mirage_and_superior_mirage.jpg/700px-Farallon_Islands_at_inferior_mirage_no_mirage_and_superior_mirage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1777" data-file-height="1389" /></a><figcaption>Različite vrste miraža na jednom mjestu snimljene tokom šest minuta. Najgornji umetnuti okvir prikazuje donji miraž <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ostrva_Farallon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ostrva Farallon (stranica ne postoji)">otočja Farallon</a>. Drugi umetnuti okvir prikazuje <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zeleni_blijesak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zeleni blijesak (stranica ne postoji)">zeleni blijesak</a> na lijevoj strani. Dva donja okvira i glavni okvir prikazuju <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mira%C5%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miraž (stranica ne postoji)">gornje miraže</a> otočja Farallon. U ova tri okvira gornji miraž evoluira iz miraža s tri slike u miraž s pet slika i nazad u miraž s dvije slike. Takav prikaz u skladu je s <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fatamorgana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fatamorgana (stranica ne postoji)">fatamorganom</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mira%C5%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miraž (stranica ne postoji)">Miraž</a> je prirodni optički fenomen koji nastaje zbog <a href="/w/index.php?title=Refrakcija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Refrakcija (stranica ne postoji)">loma svjetlosti</a> u atmosferi, kada raslojavanje atmosfere nije jednoliko, pa nastaje totalno odbijanje (refleksija) svjetlosti među različito zagrijanim slojevima atmosfere, te savijanje zraka svjetlosti. Riječ potječe od <a href="/wiki/Francuski_jezik" title="Francuski jezik">francuske</a> riječi <i>mirage</i>, a ona od <a href="/wiki/Latinski_jezik" title="Latinski jezik">latinskog</a> glagola <i>mirare</i>, što znači "gledati, čuditi se". </p><p>Za razliku od <a href="/wiki/Halucinacija" title="Halucinacija">halucinacije</a>, miraž je pravi optički fenomen koji se može snimiti kamerom, s obzirom na to da se zrake svjetlosti zapravo lome i formiraju lažnu sliku na mjestu posmatrača. Međutim, ono što slika predstavlja određeno je interpretativnim sposobnostima ljudskog uma. Naprimjer, donji miraži na kopnu vrlo se lahko mogu zamijeniti za odraze od male vodene površine. </p><p>Miraži se mogu kategorizirati kao <b>donji</b>, <b>gornji</b> i <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fatamorgana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fatamorgana (stranica ne postoji)">fatamorgane</a></b>, vrsta gornjeg miraža koja se sastoji od niza neobično razrađenih, vertikalno naslaganih slika, koje tvore miraž koji se brzo mijenja. </p><p>Zeleni bljeskovi i zelene zrake optički su fenomeni koji se javljaju ubrzo nakon zalaska ili prije izlaska Sunca, kada je <a href="/wiki/Zelena" title="Zelena">zelena</a> mrlja vidljiva, obično ne duže od sekunde ili dvije, iznad Sunca ili zelena zraka izbija iz tačke zalaska Sunca. Oni su zapravo su grupa fenomena koji proizlaze iz različitih uzroka, a neki su češći od drugih.<sup id="cite_ref-young_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-young-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mogu se posmatrati s bilo koje <a href="/w/index.php?title=Apsolutna_visina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apsolutna visina (stranica ne postoji)">visine</a> (čak i iz aviona). Obično se vide na neometanom <a href="/wiki/Horizont" title="Horizont">horizontu</a>, kao što je iznad okeana, ali su mogući i iznad vrhova oblaka i planinskih vrhova. </p><p>Također se može posmatrati zeleni bljesak s Mjeseca i svijetlih planeta na horizontu, uključujući <a href="/wiki/Venera" title="Venera">Veneru</a> i <a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fatamorgana">Fatamorgana</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atmosferska_optika&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Uredi odlomak "Fatamorgana"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atmosferska_optika&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Fatamorgana"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Glavni članak: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fatamorgana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fatamorgana (stranica ne postoji)">Fatamorgana</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Efekt_Nove_Zemlje">Efekt Nove Zemlje</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atmosferska_optika&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Uredi odlomak "Efekt Nove Zemlje"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atmosferska_optika&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Efekt Nove Zemlje"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Glavni članak: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Efekt_Nove_Zemlje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Efekt Nove Zemlje (stranica ne postoji)">Efekt Nove Zemlje</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Krepuskularne_zrake">Krepuskularne zrake</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atmosferska_optika&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Uredi odlomak "Krepuskularne zrake"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atmosferska_optika&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Krepuskularne zrake"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Glavni članak: <a href="/wiki/Krepuskularne_zrake" title="Krepuskularne zrake">Krepuskularne zrake</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antikrepuskularne_zrake">Antikrepuskularne zrake</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atmosferska_optika&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Uredi odlomak "Antikrepuskularne zrake"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atmosferska_optika&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Antikrepuskularne zrake"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Glavni članak: <a href="/wiki/Antikrepuskularne_zrake" title="Antikrepuskularne zrake">Antikrepuskularne zrake</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Atmosferska_refrakcija">Atmosferska refrakcija</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atmosferska_optika&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Uredi odlomak "Atmosferska refrakcija"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atmosferska_optika&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Atmosferska refrakcija"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Glavni članak: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Atmosferska_refrakcija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atmosferska refrakcija (stranica ne postoji)">Atmosferska refrakcija</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Atmosferska_difrakcija">Atmosferska difrakcija</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atmosferska_optika&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Uredi odlomak "Atmosferska difrakcija"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atmosferska_optika&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Atmosferska difrakcija"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Glavni članak: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Atmosferska_difrakcija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atmosferska difrakcija (stranica ne postoji)">Atmosferska difrakcija</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reference">Reference</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atmosferska_optika&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Uredi odlomak "Reference"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atmosferska_optika&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Reference"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3312388">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2" style=""> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3303350">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFC._D._Ahrens1994" class="citation book cs1">C. D. Ahrens (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/meteorologytoday00ahre"><i>Meteorology Today: an introduction to weather, climate, and the environment</i></a> (5. izd.). West Publishing Company. str. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/meteorologytoday00ahre/page/88">88</a>–89. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Knji%C5%BEni_izvori/0-314-02779-3" title="Posebno:Knjižni izvori/0-314-02779-3"><bdi>0-314-02779-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Meteorology+Today%3A+an+introduction+to+weather%2C+climate%2C+and+the+environment&rft.pages=88-89&rft.edition=5.&rft.pub=West+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-314-02779-3&rft.au=C.+D.+Ahrens&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmeteorologytoday00ahre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3AAtmosferska+optika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFA._Young" class="citation web cs1">A. 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Psychology Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Knji%C5%BEni_izvori/978-0-8058-0121-7" title="Posebno:Knjižni izvori/978-0-8058-0121-7"><bdi>978-0-8058-0121-7</bdi></a>. Arhivirano s <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=x1qcL4CTwlIC">originala</a>, 14. 1. 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 3. 8. 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Moon+illusion&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-8058-0121-7&rft.au=Maurice+Hershenson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.co.uk%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dx1qcL4CTwlIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3AAtmosferska+optika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Helen Ross, Cornelis Plug, <i>The Mystery of The Moon Illusion</i>, Štamparija Univerziteta Oxford, SAD, 2002, str. 180.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110422225321/http://weatherquesting.com/bluer-on-top.htm">"Why is the sky bluer on top than at the horizon"</a>. 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Lynch, William Charles Livingston (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=4Abp5FdhskAC&pg=PA31&dq=distant+clouds+snow+covered+mountains+appear+yellow+book#v=onepage&q=distant%20clouds%20snow%20covered%20mountains%20appear%20yellow%20book&f=false"><i>Color and light in nature</i></a>. Štamparija Univerziteta Cambridge. str. 31. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Knji%C5%BEni_izvori/978-0-521-77504-5" title="Posebno:Knjižni izvori/978-0-521-77504-5"><bdi>978-0-521-77504-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Vasilev (1. 5. 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=2x4CAQMEKigC&pg=PA205&dq=molecular+scattering+aerosol+in+atmosphere#v=onepage&q=molecular%20scattering%20aerosol%20in%20atmosphere&f=false"><i>Theoretical Fundamentals of Atmospheric Optics</i></a>. Cambridge International Science Publishing. str. 174. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Knji%C5%BEni_izvori/978-1-904602-25-5" title="Posebno:Knjižni izvori/978-1-904602-25-5"><bdi>978-1-904602-25-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Bohren and Eugene Edmund Clothiaux (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=4Yi8r4qgMV4C&pg=PA427&dq=water+droplet+scattering+light+atmosphere#v=onepage&q=water%20droplet%20scattering%20light%20atmosphere&f=false"><i>Fundamentals of atmospheric radiation: an introduction with 400 problems</i></a>. 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Science Daily<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 10. 6. 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=African+Dust+Called+a+Major+Factor+Affecting+Southeast+U.S.+Air+Quality&rft.pub=Science+Daily&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedaily.com%2Freleases%2F1999%2F07%2F990714073433.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3AAtmosferska+optika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eso.org/public/images/potw1602a/">"Three Pillars of Astronomy"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Pristupljeno 28. 3. 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+Wavelength+Goes+With+a+Color%3F&rft.pub=NASA&rft.date=2007-09-28&rft.au=Atmospheric+Science+Data+Center&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fscience-edu.larc.nasa.gov%2FEDDOCS%2FWavelengths_for_Colors.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3AAtmosferska+optika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-frank-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-frank_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-frank_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFFrank_W._Gallagher_III2000" class="citation journal cs1">Frank W. Gallagher III (oktobar 2000). "Distant Green Thunderstorms – Frazer's Theory Revisited". <i>Journal of Applied Meteorology</i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ameri%C4%8Dko_meteorolo%C5%A1ko_dru%C5%A1tvo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Američko meteorološko društvo (stranica ne postoji)">Američko meteorološko društvo</a>. <b>39</b> (10): 1754–1757. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifikator)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000JApMe..39.1754G">2000JApMe..39.1754G</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1175%2F1520-0450-39.10.1754">10.1175/1520-0450-39.10.1754</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Meteorology&rft.atitle=Distant+Green+Thunderstorms+%E2%80%93+Frazer%27s+Theory+Revisited&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=1754-1757&rft.date=2000-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1175%2F1520-0450-39.10.1754&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2000JApMe..39.1754G&rft.au=Frank+W.+Gallagher+III&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3AAtmosferska+optika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Garrett_Nagle-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Garrett_Nagle_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFGarrett_Nagle1998" class="citation book cs1">Garrett Nagle (1998). "10. Cities and Air Pollution". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=qC1l1RdWpIwC&pg=PA101"><i>Hazards</i></a>. Nelson Thornes. str. 101–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Knji%C5%BEni_izvori/978-0-17-490022-1" title="Posebno:Knjižni izvori/978-0-17-490022-1"><bdi>978-0-17-490022-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=10.+Cities+and+Air+Pollution&rft.btitle=Hazards&rft.pages=101-&rft.pub=Nelson+Thornes&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-17-490022-1&rft.au=Garrett+Nagle&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqC1l1RdWpIwC%26pg%3DPA101&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3AAtmosferska+optika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1842diction-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-1842diction_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1842diction_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1842diction_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_Thomas_Brande_and_Joseph_Cauvin1842" class="citation book cs1">William Thomas Brande and Joseph Cauvin (1842). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=5To-AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA540&lpg=PA540&dq=halo+formation+ice+atmosphere+book#v=onepage&q=halo%20formation%20ice%20atmosphere%20book&f=false"><i>A dictionary of science, literature, & art: comprising the history, description, and all the terms in general use</i></a>. Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans. str. 540<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 2. 4. 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+dictionary+of+science%2C+literature%2C+%26+art%3A+comprising+the+history%2C+description%2C+and+all+the+terms+in+general+use&rft.pages=540&rft.pub=Longman%2C+Brown%2C+Green%2C+and+Longmans&rft.date=1842&rft.au=William+Thomas+Brande+and+Joseph+Cauvin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3D5To-AAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA540%26lpg%3DPA540%26dq%3Dhalo%2Bformation%2Bice%2Batmosphere%2Bbook%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dhalo%2520formation%2520ice%2520atmosphere%2520book%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3AAtmosferska+optika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Grenci-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Grenci_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grenci_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grenci_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grenci_22-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFLee_M._Grenci_and_Jon_M._Nese2001" class="citation book cs1">Lee M. Grenci and Jon M. Nese (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=oh8lqM5obuYC&pg=PA330&dq=optics+sundog+coloration+book#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>A world of weather: fundamentals of meteorology: a text/ laboratory manual</i></a>. Kendall Hunt. str. 330. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Knji%C5%BEni_izvori/978-0-7872-7716-1" title="Posebno:Knjižni izvori/978-0-7872-7716-1"><bdi>978-0-7872-7716-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 12. 4. 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+world+of+weather%3A+fundamentals+of+meteorology%3A+a+text%2F+laboratory+manual&rft.pages=330&rft.pub=Kendall+Hunt&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-7872-7716-1&rft.au=Lee+M.+Grenci+and+Jon+M.+Nese&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3Doh8lqM5obuYC%26pg%3DPA330%26dq%3Doptics%2Bsundog%2Bcoloration%2Bbook%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3AAtmosferska+optika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FunOpt-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FunOpt_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FunOpt_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FunOpt_23-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFDevaraj_Singh2010" class="citation book cs1">Devaraj Singh (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=92pkSv_X6f4C&pg=PA43&dq=optics+sundog+cause+ice+book#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Fundamentals Of Optics</i></a>. PHI Learning Private Limited. str. 43. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Knji%C5%BEni_izvori/978-81-203-4189-0" title="Posebno:Knjižni izvori/978-81-203-4189-0"><bdi>978-81-203-4189-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 12. 4. 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fundamentals+Of+Optics&rft.pages=43&rft.pub=PHI+Learning+Private+Limited&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-81-203-4189-0&rft.au=Devaraj+Singh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3D92pkSv_X6f4C%26pg%3DPA43%26dq%3Doptics%2Bsundog%2Bcause%2Bice%2Bbook%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3AAtmosferska+optika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_K._Lynch2002" class="citation book cs1">David K. Lynch (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=58v1fg4xeo8C&pg=PA193&dq=height+of+cirrus+clouds+book#v=onepage&q=height%20of%20cirrus%20clouds%20book&f=false"><i>Cirrus</i></a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0tamparija_Univerziteta_Oxford&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Štamparija Univerziteta Oxford (stranica ne postoji)">Štamparija Univerziteta Oxford</a> (SAD). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Knji%C5%BEni_izvori/978-0-19-513072-0" title="Posebno:Knjižni izvori/978-0-19-513072-0"><bdi>978-0-19-513072-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 12. 4. 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cirrus&rft.pub=%C5%A0tamparija+Univerziteta+Oxford+%28SAD%29&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-19-513072-0&rft.au=David+K.+Lynch&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3D58v1fg4xeo8C%26pg%3DPA193%26dq%3Dheight%2Bof%2Bcirrus%2Bclouds%2Bbook%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dheight%2520of%2520cirrus%2520clouds%2520book%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3AAtmosferska+optika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFW._and_R._Chambers1874" class="citation book cs1">W. and R. Chambers (1874). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=rF4MAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA206&dq=glory+fog+optics+degree+angle+book#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Chambers' encyclopaedia: a dictionary of universal knowledge for the people</i></a>. <b>V</b>. W. and R. Chambers. str. 206–207<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 3. 4. 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chambers%27+encyclopaedia%3A+a+dictionary+of+universal+knowledge+for+the+people&rft.pages=206-207&rft.pub=W.+and+R.+Chambers&rft.date=1874&rft.au=W.+and+R.+Chambers&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DrF4MAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA206%26dq%3Dglory%2Bfog%2Boptics%2Bdegree%2Bangle%2Bbook%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3AAtmosferska+optika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFDennis_Eskow1983" class="citation journal cs1">Dennis Eskow (mart 1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=KtkDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA148&dq=halo+use+in+weather+forecasting+book#v=onepage&q=halo%20use%20in%20weather%20forecasting%20book&f=false">"Make Your Own Weather Forecasts"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Popular_Mechanics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Popular Mechanics (stranica ne postoji)">Popular Mechanics</a></i>. <b>159</b> (3): 148<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 2. 4. 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Popular+Mechanics&rft.atitle=Make+Your+Own+Weather+Forecasts&rft.volume=159&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=148&rft.date=1983-03&rft.au=Dennis+Eskow&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DKtkDAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA148%26dq%3Dhalo%2Buse%2Bin%2Bweather%2Bforecasting%2Bbook%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dhalo%2520use%2520in%2520weather%2520forecasting%2520book%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3AAtmosferska+optika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-atoptics-sunalt-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-atoptics-sunalt_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFLes_Cowley2009" class="citation web cs1">Les Cowley (2. 8. 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atoptics.co.uk/halo/dogalt.htm">"Effect of solar altitude"</a>. Atmospheric Optics<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 2. 4. 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Effect+of+solar+altitude&rft.pub=Atmospheric+Optics&rft.date=2009-08-02&rft.au=Les+Cowley&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.atoptics.co.uk%2Fhalo%2Fdogalt.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3AAtmosferska+optika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-atoptics-other-worlds-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-atoptics-other-worlds_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFLes_Cowley2009" class="citation web cs1">Les Cowley (2. 8. 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110513103035/http://www.atoptics.co.uk/halo/oworld.htm">"Other Worlds"</a>. Atmospheric Optics. Arhivirano s <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atoptics.co.uk/halo/oworld.htm">originala</a>, 13. 5. 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 1. 4. 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Other+Worlds&rft.pub=Atmospheric+Optics&rft.date=2009-08-02&rft.au=Les+Cowley&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.atoptics.co.uk%2Fhalo%2Foworld.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3AAtmosferska+optika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFNacionalna_meteorološka_služba_SAD-a2009" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nacionalna_meteorolo%C5%A1ka_slu%C5%BEba_SAD-a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nacionalna meteorološka služba SAD-a (stranica ne postoji)">Nacionalna meteorološka služba SAD-a</a> (25. 6. 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.weather.gov/glossary/index.php?letter=g">"Glossary: G"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nacionalna_okeanska_i_atmosferska_uprava&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nacionalna okeanska i atmosferska uprava (stranica ne postoji)">Nacionalna okeanska i atmosferska uprava</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 12. 4. 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Glossary%3A+G&rft.pub=Nacionalna+okeanska+i+atmosferska+uprava&rft.date=2009-06-25&rft.au=Nacionalna+meteorolo%C5%A1ka+slu%C5%BEba+SAD-a&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.weather.gov%2Fglossary%2Findex.php%3Fletter%3Dg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3AAtmosferska+optika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFElizabeth_A._Wood1975" class="citation book cs1">Elizabeth A. Wood (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=S96s2HD0FJgC&pg=PA70&dq=angle+size+glory+book#v=onepage&q=angle%20size%20glory%20book&f=false"><i>Science From Your Airplane Window</i></a>. Courier Dover Publications. str. 70. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Knji%C5%BEni_izvori/978-0-486-23205-8" title="Posebno:Knjižni izvori/978-0-486-23205-8"><bdi>978-0-486-23205-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Science+From+Your+Airplane+Window&rft.pages=70&rft.pub=Courier+Dover+Publications&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=978-0-486-23205-8&rft.au=Elizabeth+A.+Wood&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DS96s2HD0FJgC%26pg%3DPA70%26dq%3Dangle%2Bsize%2Bglory%2Bbook%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dangle%2520size%2520glory%2520book%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3AAtmosferska+optika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mac-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mac_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mac_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFWillis_Isbister_Milham1912" class="citation book cs1">Willis Isbister Milham (1912). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/meteorologyatex00milhgoog"><i>Meteorology: a text-book on the weather, the causes of its changes, and weather forecasting, for the student and general reader</i></a>. The Macmillan Company. str. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/meteorologyatex00milhgoog/page/n491">449</a>–450.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Meteorology%3A+a+text-book+on+the+weather%2C+the+causes+of+its+changes%2C+and+weather+forecasting%2C+for+the+student+and+general+reader&rft.pages=449-450&rft.pub=The+Macmillan+Company&rft.date=1912&rft.au=Willis+Isbister+Milham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmeteorologyatex00milhgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3AAtmosferska+optika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-young-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-young_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFAndrew_T._Young2006" class="citation news cs1">Andrew T. 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Nave (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/atmos/redsun.html">"Red Sunset, Green Flash"</a>. <i>HyperPhysics</i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dr%C5%BEavni_univerzitet_Georgije&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Državni univerzitet Georgije (stranica ne postoji)">Državni univerzitet Georgije</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100815024525/http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/atmos/redsun.html">Arhivirano</a> s originala, 15. 8. 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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"The green flash and other low sun phenomena". <i>Castel Gandolfo: Vatican Observatory, Ricerche Astronomiche</i>. <b>4</b>: 7. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifikator)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1958RA......4.....O">1958RA......4.....O</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Castel+Gandolfo%3A+Vatican+Observatory%2C+Ricerche+Astronomiche&rft.atitle=The+green+flash+and+other+low+sun+phenomena&rft.volume=4&rft.pages=7&rft.date=1958&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1958RA......4.....O&rft.au=D.+J.+K.+O%27Connell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3AAtmosferska+optika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vanjski_linkovi">Vanjski linkovi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atmosferska_optika&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Uredi odlomak "Vanjski linkovi"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atmosferska_optika&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Vanjski linkovi"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3627399">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3486241">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Commons logo"><img alt="Commons logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption>Commons logo</figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Po%C4%8Detna_strana" class="extiw" title="commons:Početna strana">Commons</a> ima datoteke na temu: <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Atmospherical_optics?uselang=bs">Atmosferska optika </a></span></b></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atoptics.co.uk/">Atmospheric Optics</a> <span class="languageicon" style="cursor:help; 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