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bending</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: pure bending"> <meta name="keywords" content="pure bending"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="pure bending"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1556</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: pure bending</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1556</span> In-situ Observations Using SEM-EBSD for Bending Deformation in Single-Crystal Materials</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuko%20Matayoshi">Yuko Matayoshi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Takashi%20Sakai"> Takashi Sakai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yin-Gjum%20Jin"> Yin-Gjum Jin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jun-ichi%20Koyama"> Jun-ichi Koyama</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To elucidate the material characteristics of single crystals of pure aluminum and copper, the respective relations between crystallographic orientations and micro structures were examined, along with bending and mechanical properties. The texture distribution was also analysed. Bending tests were performed in a SEM apparatus while its behaviors were observed. Some analytical results related to crystal direction maps, inverse pole figures, and textures were obtained from electron back scatter diffraction (EBSD) analyses. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pure%20aluminum" title="pure aluminum">pure aluminum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pure%20copper" title=" pure copper"> pure copper</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20crystal" title=" single crystal"> single crystal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bending" title=" bending"> bending</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SEM-EBSD%20analysis" title=" SEM-EBSD analysis"> SEM-EBSD analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=texture" title=" texture"> texture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure" title=" microstructure"> microstructure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16499/in-situ-observations-using-sem-ebsd-for-bending-deformation-in-single-crystal-materials" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16499.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">368</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1555</span> Comparative Study of Static and Dynamic Bending Forces during 3-Roller Cone Frustum Bending Process</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahesh%20K.%20Chudasama">Mahesh K. Chudasama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harit%20K.%20Raval"> Harit K. Raval</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> 3-roller conical bending process is widely used in the industries for manufacturing of conical sections and shells. It involves static as well dynamic bending stages. Analytical models for prediction of bending force during static as well as dynamic bending stage are available in the literature. In this paper, bending forces required for static bending stage and dynamic bending stages have been compared using the analytical models. It is concluded that force required for dynamic bending is very less as compared to the bending force required during the static bending stage. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analytical%20modeling" title="analytical modeling">analytical modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cone%20frustum" title=" cone frustum"> cone frustum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20bending" title=" dynamic bending"> dynamic bending</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=static%20bending" title=" static bending "> static bending </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27189/comparative-study-of-static-and-dynamic-bending-forces-during-3-roller-cone-frustum-bending-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27189.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">307</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1554</span> Effects of Pipe Curvature and Internal Pressure on Stiffness and Buckling Phenomenon of Circular Thin-Walled Pipes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Polenta">V. Polenta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20D.%20Garvey"> S. D. Garvey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Chronopoulos"> D. Chronopoulos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20C.%20Long"> A. C. Long</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20P.%20Morvan"> H. P. Morvan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A parametric study on circular thin-walled pipes subjected to pure bending is performed. Both straight and curved pipes are considered. Ratio D/t, initial pipe curvature and internal pressure are the parameters varying in the analyses. The study is mainly FEA-based. It is found that negative curvatures (opposite to bending moment) considerably increase stiffness and buckling limit of the pipe when no internal pressure is acting and, similarly, positive curvatures decrease the stiffness and buckling limit. For internal pressurised pipes the effects of initial pipe curvature are less relevant. Results show that this phenomenon is in relationship with the cross-section deformation due to bending moment, which undergoes relevant ovalisation for no pressurised pipes and little ovalisation for pressurised pipes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=buckling" title="buckling">buckling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=curved%20pipes" title=" curved pipes"> curved pipes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internal%20pressure" title=" internal pressure"> internal pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ovalisation" title=" ovalisation"> ovalisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pure%20bending" title=" pure bending"> pure bending</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thin-walled%20pipes" title=" thin-walled pipes"> thin-walled pipes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14983/effects-of-pipe-curvature-and-internal-pressure-on-stiffness-and-buckling-phenomenon-of-circular-thin-walled-pipes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14983.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">376</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1553</span> Texture Observation of Bending by XRD and EBSD Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Takashi%20Sakai">Takashi Sakai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuri%20Shimomura"> Yuri Shimomura</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The crystal orientation is a factor that affects the microscopic material properties. Crystal orientation determines the anisotropy of the polycrystalline material. And it is closely related to the mechanical properties of the material. In this paper, for pure copper polycrystalline material, two different methods; X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD); and the crystal orientation were analyzed. In the latter method, it is possible that the X-ray beam diameter is thicker as compared to the former, to measure the crystal orientation macroscopically relatively. By measurement of the above, we investigated the change in crystal orientation and internal tissues of pure copper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bending" title="bending">bending</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electron%20backscatter%20diffraction" title=" electron backscatter diffraction"> electron backscatter diffraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=X-ray%20diffraction" title=" X-ray diffraction"> X-ray diffraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure" title=" microstructure"> microstructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IPF%20map" title=" IPF map"> IPF map</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orientation%20distribution%20function" title=" orientation distribution function"> orientation distribution function</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74539/texture-observation-of-bending-by-xrd-and-ebsd-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74539.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">330</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1552</span> Multifunctional Bending and Straightening Machines for Shipbuilding</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Yu.%20Shungin">V. Yu. Shungin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20V.%20Popov"> A. V. Popov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> At present, one of the main tasks of Russian shipbuilding yards is implementation of new technologies and replacement of main process equipment. In particular, conventional bending technologies with dies are being replaced with resource-saving methods of rotation (roller) banding. Such rolling bending is performed by multiple rolling of a plat in special bending rollers. Studies, conducted in JSC SSTC, allowed developing a theory of rotation bending, methods for calculation of process parameters, requirements to roller presses and bending accessories. This technology allows replacing old and expensive presses with new cheaper roller ones, having less power consumption and bending force. At first, roller presses were implemented in ship repair, however now they are widely employed at major shipbuilding yards. JSC SSTC develops bending technology and carries out design, manufacturing and delivery of roller presses. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bending%2Fstraightening%20machines" title="bending/straightening machines">bending/straightening machines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rotational%20bending" title=" rotational bending"> rotational bending</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ship%20hull%20structures" title=" ship hull structures"> ship hull structures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multifunctional%20bending" title=" multifunctional bending"> multifunctional bending</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6847/multifunctional-bending-and-straightening-machines-for-shipbuilding" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6847.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">576</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1551</span> A Comparative Study of Force Prediction Models during Static Bending Stage for 3-Roller Cone Frustum Bending</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahesh%20Chudasama">Mahesh Chudasama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harit%20Raval"> Harit Raval</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Conical sections and shells of metal plates manufactured by 3-roller conical bending process are widely used in the industries. The process is completed by first bending the metal plates statically and then dynamic roller bending sequentially. It is required to have an analytical model to get maximum bending force, for optimum design of the machine, for static bending stage. Analytical models assuming various stress conditions are considered and these analytical models are compared considering various parameters and reported in this paper. It is concluded from the study that for higher bottom roller inclination, the shear stress affects greatly to the static bending force whereas for lower bottom roller inclination it can be neglected. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=roller-bending" title="roller-bending">roller-bending</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=static-bending" title=" static-bending"> static-bending</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress-conditions" title=" stress-conditions"> stress-conditions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analytical-modeling" title=" analytical-modeling"> analytical-modeling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45482/a-comparative-study-of-force-prediction-models-during-static-bending-stage-for-3-roller-cone-frustum-bending" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45482.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">251</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1550</span> Out-of-Plane Bending Properties of Out-of-Autoclave Thermosetting Prepregs during Forming Processes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hassan%20A.%20Alshahrani">Hassan A. Alshahrani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehdi%20H.%20Hojjati"> Mehdi H. Hojjati</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to predict and model wrinkling which is caused by out of plane deformation due to compressive loading in the plane of the material during composite prepregs forming, it is necessary to quantitatively understand the relative magnitude of the bending stiffness. This study aims to examine the bending properties of out-of-autoclave (OOA) thermosetting prepreg under vertical cantilever test condition. A direct method for characterizing the bending behavior of composite prepregs was developed. The results from direct measurement were compared with results derived from an image-processing procedure that analyses the captured image during the vertical bending test. A numerical simulation was performed using ABAQUS to confirm the bending stiffness value. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bending%20stiffness" title="Bending stiffness">Bending stiffness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=out-of-autoclave%20prepreg" title=" out-of-autoclave prepreg"> out-of-autoclave prepreg</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forming%20process" title=" forming process"> forming process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20simulation." title=" numerical simulation."> numerical simulation.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44861/out-of-plane-bending-properties-of-out-of-autoclave-thermosetting-prepregs-during-forming-processes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44861.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">302</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1549</span> Theoretical and Experimental Bending Properties of Composite Pipes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maja%20Stefanovska">Maja Stefanovska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Svetlana%20Risteska"> Svetlana Risteska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Blagoja%20Samakoski"> Blagoja Samakoski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gari%20Maneski"> Gari Maneski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Biljana%20Kostadinoska"> Biljana Kostadinoska</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aim of this work is to determine the theoretical and experimental properties of filament wound glass fiber/epoxy resin composite pipes with different winding design subjected under bending. For determination of bending strength of composite samples three point bending tests were conducted according to ASTM D790 standard. Good correlation between theoretical and experimental results has been obtained, where sample No4 has shown the highest value of bending strength. All samples have demonstrated matrix cracking and fiber failure followed by layers delamination during testing. Also, it was found that smaller winding angles lead to an increase in bending stress. From presented results good merger between glass fibers and epoxy resin was confirmed by SEM analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bending%20properties" title="bending properties">bending properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite%20pipe" title=" composite pipe"> composite pipe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=winding%20design" title=" winding design"> winding design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SEM" title=" SEM"> SEM</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29344/theoretical-and-experimental-bending-properties-of-composite-pipes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29344.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">329</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1548</span> Bending Effect on POF Splitter Performance for Different Thickness of Fiber Cores</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20S.%20Supian">L. S. Supian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Syuhaimi%20Ab-Rahman"> Mohd Syuhaimi Ab-Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norhana%20Arsad"> Norhana Arsad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Experimental study has been done to study the performance on polymer optical fiber splitter characterization when different bending radii are applied on splitters with different fiber cores. The splitters with different cores pair are attached successively to splitter platform of ellipse-shape geometrical blocks of several bending radii. A force is exerted upon the blocks thus the splitter in order to encourage the splitting of energy between the two fibers. The aim of this study is to investigate which fiber core pair gives the optimum performance that goes with each bending radius in order to develop an effective splitter. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=splitter" title="splitter">splitter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=macro-bending" title=" macro-bending"> macro-bending</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cores" title=" cores"> cores</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geometrical%20blocks" title=" geometrical blocks"> geometrical blocks</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13489/bending-effect-on-pof-splitter-performance-for-different-thickness-of-fiber-cores" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13489.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">672</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1547</span> Study on Bending Characteristics of Square Tube Using Energy Absorption Part</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shigeyuki%20Haruyama">Shigeyuki Haruyama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zefry%20Darmawan"> Zefry Darmawan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ken%20Kaminishi"> Ken Kaminishi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the square tube subjected to the bending load, the rigidity of the entire square tube is reduced when a collapse occurs due to local stress concentration. Therefore, in this research, the influence of bending load on the square tube with attached energy absorbing part was examined and reported. The analysis was conducted by using Finite Element Method (FEM) to produced bending deflection and buckling points. Energy absorption was compared from rigidity of attached part and square tube body. Buckling point was influenced by the rigidity of attached part and the thickness rate of square tube. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20absorber" title="energy absorber">energy absorber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=square%20tube" title=" square tube"> square tube</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bending" title=" bending"> bending</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rigidity" title=" rigidity"> rigidity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64216/study-on-bending-characteristics-of-square-tube-using-energy-absorption-part" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64216.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">244</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1546</span> Bending Moment of Flexible Batter Pile in Sands under Horizontal Loads</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fabian%20J.%20Manoppo">Fabian J. Manoppo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dody%20M.%20J.%20Sumayouw"> Dody M. J. Sumayouw</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The bending moment of a single free head model flexible batter piles in sand under horizontal loads is investigated. The theoretical estimate of the magnitude maximum bending moment for the piles was considering a vertical rigid pile under an inclined load and using semi-empirical relations. The length of the equivalent rigid pile was based on the relative stiffness factor of the pile. Model tests were carried out using instrumented piles of wide-ranging flexibilities. The piles were buried in loose sand at batter angles of 尾=卤150, 尾=卤300 and were applied to incrementally increasing lateral loads. The pile capacities and the variation of bending moment along the pile shaft were measured. The new coefficient of 0.5 was proposed to estimate the bending moment of a flexible batter pile in the sand under horizontal. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=batter%20pile" title="batter pile">batter pile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bending%20moment" title=" bending moment"> bending moment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sand" title=" sand"> sand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=horizontal%20loads" title=" horizontal loads"> horizontal loads</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190372/bending-moment-of-flexible-batter-pile-in-sands-under-horizontal-loads" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190372.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">22</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1545</span> Effect of Short Chain Alcohols on Bending Rigidity of Lipid Bilayer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Buti%20Suryabrahmam">Buti Suryabrahmam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20A.%20Raghunathan"> V. A. Raghunathan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We study the effect of short chain alcohols on mechanical properties of saturated lipid bilayers in the fluid phase. The Bending rigidity of 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) membrane was measured at 28 掳C by employing Vesicle Fluctuation Analysis technique. The concentration and chain length (n) of alcohol in the buffer solution were varied from 0 to 1.5 M and from 2 to 8 respectively. We observed a non-linear reduction in the bending rigidity from ~17脳10鈦宦测伆 J to ~10脳10鈦宦测伆 J, for all chain lengths of alcohols used in our experiment. We observed approximately three orders of the concentration difference between ethanol and octanol, to show the similar reduction in the bending values. We attribute this phenomenon to thinning of the bilayer due to the adsorption of alcohols at the bilayer-water interface. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alcohols" title="alcohols">alcohols</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bending%20rigidity" title=" bending rigidity"> bending rigidity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DMPC" title=" DMPC"> DMPC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lipid%20bilayers" title=" lipid bilayers"> lipid bilayers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100295/effect-of-short-chain-alcohols-on-bending-rigidity-of-lipid-bilayer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100295.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">146</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1544</span> Polarization Dependent Flexible GaN Film Nanogenerators and Electroluminescence Properties</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeong%20Min%20Baik">Jeong Min Baik</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We present that the electroluminescence (EL) properties and electrical output power of flexible N-face p-type GaN thin films can be tuned by strain-induced piezo-potential generated across the metal-semiconductor-metal structures. Under different staining conditions (convex and concave bending modes), the transport properties of the GaN films can be changed due to the spontaneous polarization of the films. The I-V characteristics with the bending modes show that the convex bending can increase the current across the films by the decrease in the barrier height at the metal-semiconductor contact, increasing the EL intensity of the P-N junction. At convex bending, it is also shown that the flexible p-type GaN films can generate an output voltage of up to 1.0 V, while at concave bending, 0.4 V. The change of the band bending with the crystal polarity of GaN films was investigated using high-resolution photoemission spectroscopy. This study has great significance on the practical applications of GaN in optoelectronic devices and nanogenerators under a working environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GaN" title="GaN">GaN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexible" title=" flexible"> flexible</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laser%20lift-off" title=" laser lift-off"> laser lift-off</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanogenerator" title=" nanogenerator"> nanogenerator</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13583/polarization-dependent-flexible-gan-film-nanogenerators-and-electroluminescence-properties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13583.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">419</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1543</span> Bending Test Characteristics for Splicing of Thermoplastic Polymer Using Hot Gas Welding </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prantasi%20Harmi%20%20Tjahjanti">Prantasi Harmi Tjahjanti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iswanto%20Iswanto"> Iswanto Iswanto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edi%20%20Widodo"> Edi Widodo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sholeh%20%20Pamuji"> Sholeh Pamuji</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Materials of the thermoplastic polymer when they break is usually thrown away, or is recycled which requires a long process. The purpose of this study is to splice the broken thermoplastic polymer using hot gas welding with different variations of welding wire/electrodes. Materials of thermoplastic polymer used are Polyethylene (PE), Polypropylene (PP), and Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) by using welding wire like the three materials. The method is carried out by using hot gas welding; there are two materials that cannot be connected, namely PE with PVC welding wire, and PP with PVC welding wire. The permeable liquid penetrant test is PP with PE welding wire, and PVC with PE welding wire. The best bending test result with the longest elongation is PE with PE welding wire with a bending test value of 179.03 kgf/mm虏. The microstructure was all described in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) observations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermoplastic%20polymers" title="thermoplastic polymers">thermoplastic polymers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bending%20test" title=" bending test"> bending test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyethylene%20%28PE%29" title=" polyethylene (PE)"> polyethylene (PE)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polypropylene%20%28PP%29" title=" polypropylene (PP)"> polypropylene (PP)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyvinyl%20chloride%20%28PVC%29" title=" polyvinyl chloride (PVC)"> polyvinyl chloride (PVC)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hot%20gas%20welding" title=" hot gas welding"> hot gas welding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bending%20test" title=" bending test"> bending test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136833/bending-test-characteristics-for-splicing-of-thermoplastic-polymer-using-hot-gas-welding" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136833.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">202</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1542</span> Investigation on Flexural Behavior of Non-Crimp 3D Orthogonal Weave Carbon Composite Reinforcement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sh.%20Minapoor">Sh. Minapoor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Ajeli"> S. Ajeli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Non-crimp three-dimensional (3D) orthogonal carbon fabrics are one of the useful textiles reinforcements in composites. In this paper, flexural and bending properties of a carbon non-crimp 3D orthogonal woven reinforcement are experimentally investigated. The present study is focused on the understanding and measurement of the main bending parameters including flexural stress, strain, and modulus. For this purpose, the three-point bending test method is used and the load-displacement curves are analyzed. The influence of some weave's parameters such as yarn type, geometry of structure, and fiber volume fraction on bending behavior of non-crimp 3D orthogonal carbon fabric is investigated. The obtained results also represent a dataset for the simulation of flexural behavior of non-crimp 3D orthogonal weave carbon composite reinforcement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-crimp%203D%20orthogonal%20weave" title="non-crimp 3D orthogonal weave">non-crimp 3D orthogonal weave</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20composite%20reinforcement" title=" carbon composite reinforcement"> carbon composite reinforcement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexural%20behavior" title=" flexural behavior"> flexural behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=three-point%20bending" title=" three-point bending"> three-point bending</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50505/investigation-on-flexural-behavior-of-non-crimp-3d-orthogonal-weave-carbon-composite-reinforcement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50505.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">297</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1541</span> Evaluation of Flange Bending Capacity near Member End Using a Finite Element Analysis Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alicia%20Kamischke">Alicia Kamischke</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Souhail%20Elhouar"> Souhail Elhouar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasser%20Khodair"> Yasser Khodair</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) Specification (360-10) provides equations for calculating the capacity of a W-shaped steel member to resist concentrated forces applied to its flange. In the case of flange local bending, the capacity equations were primarily formulated for an interior point along the member, which is defined to be at a distance larger than ten flange thicknesses away from the member鈥檚 end. When a concentrated load is applied within ten flange thicknesses from the member鈥檚 end, AISC requires a fifty percent reduction to be applied to the flange bending capacity. This reduction, however, is not supported by any research. In this study, finite element modeling is used to investigate the actual reduction in capacity near the end of such a steel member. The results indicate that the AISC equation for flange local bending is quite conservative for forces applied at less than ten flange thicknesses from the member鈥檚 end and a new equation is suggested for the evaluation of available flange local bending capacity within that distance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flange%20local%20bending" title="flange local bending">flange local bending</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concentrated%20forces" title=" concentrated forces"> concentrated forces</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=column" title=" column"> column</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flange%20capacity" title=" flange capacity"> flange capacity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22697/evaluation-of-flange-bending-capacity-near-member-end-using-a-finite-element-analysis-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22697.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">686</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1540</span> Checking Planetary Clutch on the Romania Tractor Using Mathematical Equations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Vahedi%20Torshizi">Mohammad Vahedi Torshizi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this investigation, at first, bending stress, contact stress, Safety factor of bending and Safety factor of contact between sun gear and planet gear tooth was determined using mathematical equations. Also, The amount of Sun Revolution in, Speed carrier, power Transmitted of the sun, sun torque, sun peripheral speed, Enter the tangential force gears, was calculated using mathematical equations. According to the obtained results, maximum of bending stress and contact stress occurred in three plantary and low status of four plantary. Also, maximum of Speed carrier, sun peripheral speed, Safety factor of bending and Safety factor of contact obtained in four plantary and maximum of power Transmitted of the sun, Enter the tangential force gears, bending stress and contact stress was in three pantry and factors And other factors were equal in the two planets. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bending%20stress" title="bending stress">bending stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contact%20stress" title=" contact stress"> contact stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plantary" title=" plantary"> plantary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematical%20equations" title=" mathematical equations"> mathematical equations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58238/checking-planetary-clutch-on-the-romania-tractor-using-mathematical-equations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58238.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">289</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1539</span> Comparative Study of Bending Angle in Laser Forming Process Using Artificial Neural Network and Fuzzy Logic System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Hassani">M. Hassani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Hassani"> Y. Hassani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Ajudanioskooei"> N. Ajudanioskooei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20N.%20Benvid"> N. N. Benvid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Laser Forming process as a non-contact thermal forming process is widely used to forming and bending of metallic and non-metallic sheets. In this process, according to laser irradiation along a specific path, sheet is bent. One of the most important output parameters in laser forming is bending angle that depends on process parameters such as physical and mechanical properties of materials, laser power, laser travel speed and the number of scan passes. In this paper, Artificial Neural Network and Fuzzy Logic System were used to predict of bending angle in laser forming process. Inputs to these models were laser travel speed and laser power. The comparison between artificial neural network and fuzzy logic models with experimental results has been shown both of these models have high ability to prediction of bending angles with minimum errors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20neural%20network" title="artificial neural network">artificial neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bending%20angle" title=" bending angle"> bending angle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20logic" title=" fuzzy logic"> fuzzy logic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laser%20forming" title=" laser forming"> laser forming</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34045/comparative-study-of-bending-angle-in-laser-forming-process-using-artificial-neural-network-and-fuzzy-logic-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34045.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">597</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1538</span> Investigation of Neutral Axis Shifting and Wall Thickness Distribution of Bent Tubes Produced by Rotary Draw Bending</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bernd%20Engel">Bernd Engel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hassan%20Raheem%20Hassan"> Hassan Raheem Hassan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rotary draw bending is a method used for tube forming. During the tube bending process, the neutral axis moves towards the inner arc and the wall thickness changes in the cross section of the tube. Wall thinning of the tube takes place at the extrados, whereas wall thickening of the tube occurs at the intrados. This paper investigates the tube bending with rotary draw bending process using thick-walled tubes and different material properties (16Mo3 and 10CrMo9-10). The experimental tests and finite element simulations are used to calculate the variable characteristics (wall thickness distribution, neutral axis shifting and longitudinal strain distribution). These results are compared with results of a plasto-mechanical model. Moreover, the cross section distortion is investigated in this study. This study helped to get bends with smaller wall factor for different material properties. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rotary%20draw%20bending" title="rotary draw bending">rotary draw bending</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thick%20wall%20tube" title=" thick wall tube"> thick wall tube</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=material%20properties" title=" material properties"> material properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=material%20influence" title=" material influence "> material influence </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35913/investigation-of-neutral-axis-shifting-and-wall-thickness-distribution-of-bent-tubes-produced-by-rotary-draw-bending" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35913.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">613</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1537</span> Effect of Aluminium Content on Bending Properties and Microstructure of Al鈧揅oCrFeNi Alloy Fabricated by Induction Melting</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marzena%20Tokarewicz">Marzena Tokarewicz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malgorzata%20Gradzka-Dahlke"> Malgorzata Gradzka-Dahlke</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> High-entropy alloys (HEAs) have gained significant attention due to their great potential as functional and structural materials. HEAs have very good mechanical properties (in particular, alloys based on CoCrNi). They also show the ability to maintain their strength at high temperatures, which is extremely important in some applications. AlCoCrFeNi alloy is one of the most studied high-entropy alloys. Scientists often study the effect of changing the aluminum content in this alloy because it causes significant changes in phase presence and microstructure and consequently affects its hardness, ductility, and other properties. Research conducted by the authors also investigates the effect of aluminium content in Al鈧揅oCrFeNi alloy on its microstructure and mechanical properties. Al鈧揅oCrFeNi alloys were prepared by vacuum induction melting. The obtained samples were examined for chemical composition, microstructure, and microhardness. The three-point bending method was carried out to determine the bending strength, bending modulus, and conventional bending yield strength. The obtained results confirm the influence of aluminum content on the properties of Al鈧揅oCrFeNi alloy. Most studies on Al鈧揅oCrFeNi alloy focus on the determination of mechanical properties in compression or tension, much less in bending. The achieved results provide valuable information on the bending properties of Al鈧揅oCrFeNi alloy and lead to interesting conclusions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bending%20properties" title="bending properties">bending properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-entropy%20alloys" title=" high-entropy alloys"> high-entropy alloys</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=induction%20melting" title=" induction melting"> induction melting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure" title=" microstructure"> microstructure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137068/effect-of-aluminium-content-on-bending-properties-and-microstructure-of-alcocrfeni-alloy-fabricated-by-induction-melting" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137068.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">149</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1536</span> Advanced Model for Calculation of the Neutral Axis Shifting and the Wall Thickness Distribution in Rotary Draw Bending Processes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Engel">B. Engel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Hassan"> H. Hassan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rotary draw bending is a method which is being used in tube forming. In the tube bending process, the neutral axis moves towards the inner arc and the wall thickness distribution changes for tube鈥檚 cross section. Thinning takes place in the outer arc of the tube (extrados) due to the stretching of the material, whereas thickening occurs in the inner arc of the tube (intrados) due to the comparison of the material. The calculations of the wall thickness distribution, neutral axis shifting, and strain distribution have not been accurate enough, so far. The previous model (the geometrical model) describes the neutral axis shifting and wall thickness distribution. The geometrical of the tube, bending radius and bending angle are considered in the geometrical model, while the influence of the material properties of the tube forming are ignored. The advanced model is a modification of the previous model using material properties that depends on the correction factor. The correction factor is a purely empirically determined factor. The advanced model was compared with the Finite element simulation (FE simulation) using a different bending factor (Bf=bending radius/ diameter of the tube), wall thickness (Wf=diameter of the tube/ wall thickness), and material properties (strain hardening exponent). Finite element model of rotary draw bending has been performed in PAM-TUBE program (version: 2012). Results from the advanced model resemble the FE simulation and the experimental test. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rotary%20draw%20bending" title="rotary draw bending">rotary draw bending</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=material%20properties" title=" material properties"> material properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neutral%20axis%20shifting" title=" neutral axis shifting"> neutral axis shifting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wall%20thickness%20distribution" title=" wall thickness distribution"> wall thickness distribution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18270/advanced-model-for-calculation-of-the-neutral-axis-shifting-and-the-wall-thickness-distribution-in-rotary-draw-bending-processes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18270.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">397</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1535</span> Docking Studie of Biologically Active Molecules: Exploring Medical Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sihame%20Amakrane">Sihame Amakrane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zineb%20Ouahdi"> Zineb Ouahdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Salah"> Mohammed Salah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Said%20Belaaouad"> Said Belaaouad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> \This research explores the efficacy of novel pyrimidine derivatives on bacterial strains such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Myccobacterium tuberculosis, utilizing bending energy calculations. Of the 25 compounds examined, 13 displayed potent activity against all the bacterial strains under study, exhibiting bending energy measurements between -7.4 and -10.7 kcal/mol. The -7.4 kcal/mol value corresponds to the bending energy of the SA12 and SA13 compounds with the 2xct protein (Staphylococcus aureus), whereas the -10.7 kcal/molis linked with the bending energy of SA6 and SA11 compounds with the 6GAV protein (Myccobacterium tuberculosis). Further research will involve a QSAR (Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship) study aimed at constructing a reliable model to combat the aforementioned bacterial strains and a molecular dynamics study to evaluate the stability of ligand-protein complexes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=docking" title="docking">docking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=QSAR" title=" QSAR"> QSAR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bending%20energy" title=" bending energy"> bending energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e.%20coli" title=" e. coli"> e. coli</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167572/docking-studie-of-biologically-active-molecules-exploring-medical-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167572.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">87</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1534</span> FEM and Experimental Studies on the Filled Steel I-Girder Bridge</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waheed%20Ahmad%20Safi">Waheed Ahmad Safi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shunichi%20Nakamura"> Shunichi Nakamura</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Steel/concrete composite bridge with the concrete filled steel I-girder (CFIG) was proposed, and the bending and shear strength was studied by experiments and FEM analysis. The area surrounded by the upper and lower flanges and the web is filled with concrete in CFIG, which is used at the intermediate support of a continuous girder. The bending and shear tests of the CFIG were carried out, showing that the bending strength of CFIG was 2.8 times of the conventional steel I-girder and the shear strength was 3.0 times of the steel I-girder. Finite element models were established to clarify bending and shear behaviors and the load transfer mechanism of CFIG. FEM result agreed very well with the test results. The FEM model was also applied to simulate the shear tests of the CFIG specimens. A trail design was carried out for a four-span continuous highway bridge and the design method was established. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bending%20strength" title="bending strength">bending strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete%20filled%20steel%20I-girder" title=" concrete filled steel I-girder"> concrete filled steel I-girder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steel%20I-girder" title=" steel I-girder"> steel I-girder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FEM" title=" FEM"> FEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=limit%20states%20design%20and%20shear%20strength" title=" limit states design and shear strength"> limit states design and shear strength</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76921/fem-and-experimental-studies-on-the-filled-steel-i-girder-bridge" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76921.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">263</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1533</span> Numerical Investigation of Cold Formed C-Section-Purlins with Different Opening Shapes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20M.%20El-heweity">Mohamed M. El-heweity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Shamel%20Fahmy"> Ahmed Shamel Fahmy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mostafa%20Shawky"> Mostafa Shawky</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Sherif"> Ahmed Sherif</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cold-formed steel (CFS) lipped channel sections are popular as load-bearing members in building structures. These sections are used in the construction industry because of their high strength-to-weight ratio, lightweight, quick production, and ease of construction, fabrication, transportation, and handling. When those cold formed sections with high slenderness ratios are subjected to compression bending, they do not reach failure when reaching their ultimate bending stress, however, they sustain much higher loads due stress re-distribution. Hence, there is a need to study the sectional nominal capacity of CFS lipped channel beams with different web openings subjected to pure bending and uniformly distributed loads. By using finite element (FE) simulations using ANSYS APDL for numerical analysis. The results were verified and compared to previous experimental results. Then a parametric study was conducted and validated FE model to investigate the effect of different openings shapes on their nominal capacities. The results have revealed that CFS sections with hexagonal openings and intermediate notch can resist higher nominal capacities when compared to other sectional openings. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cold-formed%20steel" title="cold-formed steel">cold-formed steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nominal%20capacity" title=" nominal capacity"> nominal capacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element" title=" finite element"> finite element</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lipped%20channel%20beam" title=" lipped channel beam"> lipped channel beam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20study" title=" numerical study"> numerical study</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=web%20opening" title=" web opening"> web opening</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155701/numerical-investigation-of-cold-formed-c-section-purlins-with-different-opening-shapes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155701.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">97</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1532</span> Laser Beam Bending via Lenses</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Remzi%20Yildirim">Remzi Yildirim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatih.%20V.%20%C3%87elebi"> Fatih. V. 脟elebi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Haldun%20G%C3%B6kta%C5%9F"> H. Haldun G枚kta艧</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Behzat%20%C5%9Eahin"> A. Behzat 艦ahin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study is about a single component cylindrical structured lens with gradient curve which we used for bending laser beams. It operates under atmospheric conditions and bends the laser beam independent of temperature, pressure, polarity, polarization, magnetic field, electric field, radioactivity, and gravity. A single piece cylindrical lens that can bend laser beams is invented. Lenses are made of transparent, tinted or colored glasses and used for undermining or absorbing the energy of the laser beams. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laser" title="laser">laser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bending" title=" bending"> bending</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lens" title=" lens"> lens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=light" title=" light"> light</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20optics" title=" nonlinear optics"> nonlinear optics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22254/laser-beam-bending-via-lenses" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22254.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">488</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1531</span> Laser Light Bending via Lenses</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Remzi%20Yildirim">Remzi Yildirim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatih%20V.%20%C3%87elebi"> Fatih V. 脟elebi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Haldun%20G%C3%B6kta%C5%9F"> H. Haldun G枚kta艧</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Behzat%20%C5%9Eahin"> A. Behzat 艦ahin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study is about a single component cylindrical structured lens with gradient curve which we used for bending laser beams. It operates under atmospheric conditions and bends the laser beam independent of temperature, pressure, polarity, polarization, magnetic field, electric field, radioactivity, and gravity. A single piece cylindrical lens that can bend laser beams is invented. Lenses are made of transparent, tinted or colored glasses and used for undermining or absorbing the energy of the laser beams. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laser" title="laser">laser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bending" title=" bending"> bending</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lens" title=" lens"> lens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=light" title=" light"> light</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20optics" title=" nonlinear optics"> nonlinear optics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22251/laser-light-bending-via-lenses" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22251.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">702</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1530</span> Cantilever Secant Pile Constructed in Sand: Capping Beam-Piles Bending Moments Interaction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaled%20R.%20Khater">Khaled R. Khater</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> this paper is an extension to previously published two papers; all share the first part of their titles. The papers theme is soil-structure interaction in the ground of soil retaining structures. The secant pile wall is the concern, while the focus is its capping beam. The earlier papers suggested a technique to structurally analyze capping beam. It has been proved that; pile rigidity shares the capping beam rigidity to resist the wall deformations. The current paper explains how the beam-pile integration re-distributes the pile鈥檚 bending moment for the benefits of wall deformations. It is concluded that re-distribution of pile bending moment is completely different than the calculated by plain strain analysis, values, and distributions. The pile diameter, beam rigidity, pile spacing, and the 3D-analysis-effect individually or all together affect the pile bending moment. The Plaxis-2D and STAAD-Pro 3D are the used software鈥檚. Throughout this study, three sand densities, various pile and beam rigidities, and three excavation depths, i.e., 3.0-m, 4.0-m and 5.0-m have been considered. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bending%20moment" title="bending moment">bending moment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capping%20beam" title=" capping beam"> capping beam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20analysis" title=" numerical analysis"> numerical analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secant%20pile" title=" secant pile"> secant pile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sandy%20soil" title=" sandy soil"> sandy soil</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134926/cantilever-secant-pile-constructed-in-sand-capping-beam-piles-bending-moments-interaction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134926.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">182</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1529</span> Comparative Study of Concrete Filled Steel I-Girder Bridge with Conventional Type of Bridge </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waheed%20Ahmad%20Safi">Waheed Ahmad Safi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shunichi%20Nakamura"> Shunichi Nakamura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Habib%20Ghaforzai"> Abdul Habib Ghaforzai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Steel and concrete composite bridge with concrete filled steel I-girder (CFIG) was proposed and FEM and laboratory tests were conducted to analysis bending and shear behavior. The proposed form of structural steel I-section is mainly used at the intermediate support zone by placing infilled concrete into the top and bottom flanges of steel I-section to resist negative bending moment. The bending and shear tests were carried out to find out the significance of CFIG section. The result for test showing that the bending and shear capacity of proposed CFIG is at least 3 times and 2 times greater than conventional steel I-section (IG) respectively. Finite element study was also carried out to ensure the result for laboratory tests due to bending and shear behavior and load transfer behavior of proposed structural form. Finite element result result agreed the test result. A design example was carried out for a four-span continuous highway bridge and design method was established. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bending%20strength" title="bending strength">bending strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete%20filled%20steel%20I-girder" title=" concrete filled steel I-girder"> concrete filled steel I-girder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steel%20I-girder" title=" steel I-girder"> steel I-girder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FEM" title=" FEM"> FEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=limit%20states%20design%20and%20shear%20strength" title=" limit states design and shear strength"> limit states design and shear strength</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109262/comparative-study-of-concrete-filled-steel-i-girder-bridge-with-conventional-type-of-bridge" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109262.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">129</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1528</span> Development of a New Device for Bending Fatigue Testing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Mokhtarnia">B. Mokhtarnia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Layeghi"> M. Layeghi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work presented an original bending fatigue-testing setup for fatigue characterization of composite materials. A three-point quasi-static setup was introduced that was capable of applying stress control load in different loading waveforms, frequencies, and stress ratios. This setup was equipped with computerized measuring instruments to evaluate fatigue damage mechanisms. A detailed description of its different parts and working features was given, and dynamic analysis was done to verify the functional accuracy of the device. Feasibility was validated successfully by conducting experimental fatigue tests. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bending%20fatigue" title="bending fatigue">bending fatigue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quasi-static%20testing%20setup" title=" quasi-static testing setup"> quasi-static testing setup</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experimental%20fatigue%20testing" title=" experimental fatigue testing"> experimental fatigue testing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composites" title=" composites"> composites</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165432/development-of-a-new-device-for-bending-fatigue-testing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165432.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">132</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1527</span> Efficiency of the Strain Based Approach Formulation for Plate Bending Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Djamal%20Hamadi">Djamal Hamadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sifeddine%20Abderrahmani"> Sifeddine Abderrahmani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Toufik%20Maalem"> Toufik Maalem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oussama%20Temami"> Oussama Temami</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years many finite elements have been developed for plate bending analysis. The formulated elements are based on the strain based approach. This approach leads to the representation of the displacements by higher order polynomial terms without the need for the introduction of additional internal and unnecessary degrees of freedom. Good convergence can also be obtained when the results are compared with those obtained from the corresponding displacement based elements, having the same total number of degrees of freedom. Furthermore, the plate bending elements are free from any shear locking since they converge to the Kirchhoff solution for thin plates contrarily for the corresponding displacement based elements. In this paper the efficiency of the strain based approach compared to well known displacement formulation is presented. The results obtained by a new formulated plate bending element based on the strain approach and Kirchhoff theory are compared with some others elements. The good convergence of the new formulated element is confirmed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=displacement%20fields" title="displacement fields">displacement fields</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20elements" title=" finite elements"> finite elements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plate%20bending" title=" plate bending"> plate bending</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kirchhoff%20theory" title=" Kirchhoff theory"> Kirchhoff theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strain%20based%20approach" title=" strain based approach"> strain based approach</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10902/efficiency-of-the-strain-based-approach-formulation-for-plate-bending-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10902.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">296</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pure%20bending&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pure%20bending&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pure%20bending&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pure%20bending&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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