CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91350591bd174d39',cH: 'FDZGTqFLapiLg9JI3ObcfJs6umZIMBguiUpGZPvIMKk-1739787384-1.2.1.1-ZDosM4mRpKfHaz77iLBVVhjZOjoMrDBx50B4O2UfxoahH2FEKn_F43tXWDj7_Z49',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Abdulkarim%20Nasir&__cf_chl_tk=b72nyWy_TFvDoFGBZvMFXZASwyZv_bzJgJpR7yN2YZY-1739787384-1.0.1.1-hGIkJDL7CTzquGlWObGIuN8KlPAIIn5iJYrtWqQvuss",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739787384',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Abdulkarim%20Nasir&__cf_chl_f_tk=b72nyWy_TFvDoFGBZvMFXZASwyZv_bzJgJpR7yN2YZY-1739787384-1.0.1.1-hGIkJDL7CTzquGlWObGIuN8KlPAIIn5iJYrtWqQvuss",md: "tDJtHmufy.6RWlRNpuBL9qKBPc_968jwYRk1eYtletA-1739787384-1.2.1.1-D.e.mU.L09iAVGQHYU5Aj057Bm5XvKSqQfKEw.WB9hl4lBM.rA3EFAnlJ9IuECoedwNv5kPvFGPwwCvB_fTKM6H72BafZYoaRsv_IGs6aFP7CDesUVKjGvrEeKevTE479.ME2_IEtvRtwqYSrRKATghbuLFdE3wRPiUiOSezlouXmIpYTFyZxe0R_zV5_TTFCR1G80Q2pXb.JlKYxwJJgm0MQ7OvfRLIc_ZgvTlHG4ba0eFcHX5P3lkw53lddpYOJEN8omz1GZcNCOLHYollEdOPJjcxfgVOHptZHPF2qBqS7Shel9_w66ycHye7psSzz2VLLDdKEEeAsF2cYRwTU9yfQqbC6SNtqyUORmp0ZSj2ZImuGA1ivSqIN1ETJlJA_h4UBykTXiQXkO1DLex4CAqhJPPo4k94u48ub9Xn5cvoRRzO30e2zwGjCKGkH5ZXcjmo_NqJ8JXjWHl2K7kxRw9xGtQbWWefajKE2S.hNdPK_iDdgcmqau6sdnw6d83auaHuUF_WhlquRk3rN6LKZmCHBnIIRNVhEe72gEivTdyLl1tP59ki8_uH7TCJFlsNcVlVpz20.pkDmc9oeaIjYi0DZVdepuDKS6pEyE_L3eRzG6PAu_kSWub6drXGDReH_ZJPNF_a.VimbePjO9ISbet8edIRsC4oJslfUAUQaAMlKrV4Vejo3Vy4N8ACOmRKb76yGjp.R0JtTDs5iHNL5XGx54c9ddIkALZ2USi_KkoC5B6Tn1Unc9KgVpz8TMtpM8iBFOsse5C7mm5JSu8rmuNjtOcQ2QKmms.csSOW8gxviplZay5XIHS_evR2lxLC5SfUlt_6lhHfm5AMC85g07EJn6A_KCQRtX9aGTAPnIb3bJBPNFNQFGRnqi6AV6BWnyoe1LMoefXhpM8bCEQsRAZ_aiXZzOoBAryIGXRSkaia9.lUR2Kl5WETCP1M07v4J79tU7jWikePoN4JcmNQKOy4ia1H8xjnoS8gL7ZJM7PEaFj62qwKcpKpcrtOULe27dQ5RiFJFqY2An2NuZAnRw7VvrZQHlvYpvFegmxNleCh3KiihNrk20Ng8YZUmtZSY5vjBuPaPkq8AR.SbRjpveU82sBw49WkPkUqyn33d9yWNZ.Ca6lgtgDRBKlyhjaz9JTjruzaDO2_GrXOCUORG0zhq5qFQwqDeJLHwVeWXUF32jMld1z8PMmsJXGkXrY6U7j6qewn4r2uHFlkNJlO2umfTEyi4hIE_lvI6UtOHQ0DCpPFY_PHVkiM_gfmdNQtJGQiMXfqqHJSADa3lhIwOLYURcDbc7ZJ9y3J_D0iMKV0ikZB755cgTD.Q1AfAuWkmeGwM4nebmoQ6xWA4X9zs9NKxOtMYckoI1V47HRdqSu27EU2Dj_sbcTg2KksX1QpoQBcfUzEAWcthsLzy8pC3e7serfm0lEjd.rUdJDxCRaScbSroUIAC39agbEtI4wCggps4nNJtp6.HMIJo6ty.bxopeyDJz78sNeNQg3SRvx37kaRgi1DnvC.DwRZxbeKr2nuj15NDfvpA1rrh9qQP4wU5cJFYopsfrluVZmxsVjpWMCBSxJrjGj1KiLMwI8gLTlm_jh.UhOqYtZf4UufuLnx0E9jIQIIda2b6tBTFSbIwr6UokhXZ3K9B00nxOuEAe7Cv0ZibwHh.NFGMrU9E22AU3acHv4J6DfmtxfHLEB1QhNepE89qoqVk38ZYsrHy_eU6PWzEhhltQdJYktedjOigM5Az8fPlavcwSMThk7j0Ce9dH3_SV0.taxWXa76ZdlD.pnJgaevA8ziIbcrS2YKZMXF91EYcHlD_z4baAZln7i62aQ6ozrhRCvYuRbGe64z.QrRao.bw_wDMo4_ETVeEEaTIsLING1HJ2aY7hMaddYQXRfTfV4X3vqu4a.ciejPRAmYUSur440aXezPwUJZVNLneuXkwZWN0JmYUFk",mdrd: "9zR6dQiMkneaLCi2TlH1K7jx1KCqv.xVJJkzE75FvRQ-1739787384-1.2.1.1-Pg4G4oC_kOdT.TtWmW.eabPLj_ooZLwS.fhwg.8H2yDaGh9kVdA6xQTF2Z_6BuXy1amaSg0JpjvnoMtMftdZgt8Kw0WI6.Z7BLWEltTX_mE4KmbRIGd3SHq0q4aqET93w9APXGf0M9VxDsh5YtpnpdmDTFmPN7vZ0Z65T5C8doPVOcdfAiCvxXkiZXwgXMcD5HSz6CeaNY8MhW8X9FC28p8qVEw1GXKKDioL2sg7KYv8nL.0FvsxBFbF7gK__sYYx9aHv7dTg2RmeIZyv0fTjvBXPSfCnIk70fiYVoSGuJEjwPWs7mxzAYNYQmnBpl7MqxGbRPtr.aeJyAHK1VPhm8ed7hJJZTdoAlVkddA0QX50_2i3cb8iH9rBhra9vNDfU_z.yswvcHRXX0FiXtMMZQeyjFEVu0tD9T4YvPHMrhCBR8p5VYDNX1jvpF14nD2pXN_XPa8NYmRx2jBhWFlarjaq7i49IWj4osxt.NkP4zBmy8lmaxkJ5_tOQkxbnk6JTQKCn9ONh9mA09s.JRbx_zomhov8SZ4F09cLVfRQ95fsabmzmZp8AndMIjUq_6SGPu.4mL9DZeYElz1aw9EJOEdRmrXqU.o06Kr8Y7k1PK9dmryPnPoApjfPahR_bKYLHak0jzZ2Qe9oT0xiFMbyYOIHoiqSURoaSCIiYQdxIGP4cBLkkgAFbwdUdbdnn85.9drroi5mmFR2gd3YkG0tw2O7r_nRGNgnglxHf6Sl1TWXe_BMW8KGAQ2RaYvB9ocI7YILm2uYJTIB0iL8ntZ3frkyOoXUaXimAP3k5DTuN_WlYYz.nENXALYFh5hlGWpxlERKafgyK_CRdYVujQXl4EvO2Ogs.kMlglqEKUn3qLDZ2QX771D9vW3QY8nvrHB97JNZnI01vizr1IhLulo4_Xe0V51_FcXp0EojNk6oFLkkd5sbpK_e_KxjY_WWz9ZUgVtVje5MxkNQC.gp6l7fxohew0YiB_NxyxE8p8B9QdFVmrpipMHBQCLTi.LXqy9ueiqgXtnN2VUuCQe1VL_A6x9aQsUtKSn6JvG05SuHMwwvKTxWczkOk0ulyhd4VU67hgaKLGjSZ8AAdCU.mC7xBNmA.MvHHJ33OWzsZm.z5FP7MaTbtmyQnjZpS1Utd0qPketkVGy9Op47VYun4XNBDHjM63b5XGsgOJe_hI.wvwhlRgRzaIbK9XfVVjW5XaSYGUSYIjzkeOBtBj6xOIrV_34nLmzNHMiGDmU5H9tZ_W4VYKgizb6DhfRRdB11VikxKzHE.WGRL3_rVLQvzELp6X_Jd_p4faeP3PX0OyQC8VpUS0XXQBex9lzwTcr.18vKYRCC4PlL7WNGTJIh01T2GJU9X05.98AWesNusB2NX8LmXqdYS1CaRMa6srx51fdLNGAq1948uLFIPqedL3UEzIo8m.jBVTw7dj8wdP.AgSx9ZfPCouI8T2lB3wethCx01g9JKEFKU29052BEzrRDNr7A4AxvPlLCHO6uzJVd9UBGhUtyAa1jDIzwQPnHEmYxaPWOMqeSeC.xPvSHuHJZFR30SVbID7sFo_WitqgH3hlfbX0Y5UZlduzd3fbis.8dkLbqFVI2.w0EQEjUVnXpq.Cl_jLhOORwLdOY3KcTBELiUj1ocotfgVfhw43Hs4h7dy7Exv0InjILTHEP234sn1BIvveJ5LJDjvUBDs6hqjP03B8AkgxyWasemSI_xkmzqEHthoXRssRoLSKWPUA43cVg8qYm4pKxjGbON9q97ORpDnFw7irh3eijDRqzoxB.zhja6l28o5CjQ1AAhob.yORk3PhI2cwFx08d5B04dVgqJkcDW5aD7ie0VfbOychCyb7ogj2YboOrL8BhaUGN8w3WqXptXKYlCMFoWp.4PjHqBm8wVGBH9QQsWEUlCniFNiA1vugOfAvtO6f8xR3otTZZ27phKfg6_uwbmIjlrZGaCd3n3m9gmlEpRCw.dKUkFbmyFumVh.PIi0WzVrPVQg"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91350591bd174d39';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=Abdulkarim%20Nasir&__cf_chl_rt_tk=b72nyWy_TFvDoFGBZvMFXZASwyZv_bzJgJpR7yN2YZY-1739787384-1.0.1.1-hGIkJDL7CTzquGlWObGIuN8KlPAIIn5iJYrtWqQvuss" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>