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Edat glacial - Viquipèdia, l'enciclopèdia lliure

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llista dels canvis recents al wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Canvis recents</span></a></li><li id="n-La-taverna" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:La_taverna"><span>La taverna</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Contacte"><span>Contacte</span></a></li><li id="n-Xat" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Canals_IRC"><span>Xat</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Ajuda" title="El lloc per a saber més coses"><span>Ajuda</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Portada" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Viquipèdia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ca.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.4375em;"> <img 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emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page&#039;s font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aparença" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aparença</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_ca.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=ca" class=""><span>Donatius</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crea_compte&amp;returnto=Edat+glacial" title="Us animem a crear un compte i iniciar una sessió, encara que no és obligatori" class=""><span>Crea un compte</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Registre_i_entrada&amp;returnto=Edat+glacial" title="Us animem a registrar-vos, però no és obligatori [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Inicia la sessió</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Més opcions" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eines personals" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eines personals</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menú d&#039;usuari" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_ca.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=ca"><span>Donatius</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crea_compte&amp;returnto=Edat+glacial" title="Us animem a crear un compte i iniciar una sessió, encara que no és obligatori"><span class="vector-icon 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[y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contribucions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Discussi%C3%B3_personal" title="Discussió sobre les edicions per aquesta adreça ip. [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussió per aquest IP</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contingut" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contingut</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inici</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Causes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Causes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Causes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Causes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Efectes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Efectes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Efectes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Efectes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Glaciacions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Glaciacions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Glaciacions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Glaciacions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Glaciacions</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Glaciacions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Glaciacions_del_Plistocè" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Glaciacions_del_Plistocè"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Glaciacions del Plistocè</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Glaciacions_del_Plistocè-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Períodes_interglacials" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Períodes_interglacials"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Períodes interglacials</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Períodes_interglacials-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Períodes interglacials</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Períodes_interglacials-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Períodes_interglacials_recents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Períodes_interglacials_recents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Períodes interglacials recents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Períodes_interglacials_recents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referències" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referències"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Referències</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referències-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contingut" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Edat glacial</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 41 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-41" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">41 llengües</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glasiale_tyd" title="Glasiale tyd - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Glasiale tyd" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaltzeit" title="Kaltzeit - alemany suís" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Kaltzeit" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alemany suís" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A" title="دور جليدي - àrab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دور جليدي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="àrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buzlaq_epoxalar%C4%B1" title="Buzlaq epoxaları - azerbaidjanès" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Buzlaq epoxaları" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaidjanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0" title="Ледникова епоха - búlgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ледникова епоха" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC" title="হিম পর্যায় - bengalí" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হিম পর্যায়" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glacijacija" title="Glacijacija - bosnià" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Glacijacija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glaci%C3%A1l" title="Glaciál - txec" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Glaciál" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaltzeit" title="Kaltzeit - alemany" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kaltzeit" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%B5%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Παγετωνική περίοδος - grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Παγετωνική περίοδος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glacial_period" title="Glacial period - anglès" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Glacial period" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glacialo" title="Glacialo - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Glacialo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87_%DB%8C%D8%AE%DA%86%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C" title="دوره یخچالی - persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دوره یخچالی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glasiaal" title="Glasiaal - frisó occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Glasiaal" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisó occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oighri%C3%BA" title="Oighriú - irlandès" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Oighriú" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oledba" title="Oledba - croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Oledba" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glaci%C3%A1lis" title="Glaciális - hongarès" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Glaciális" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongarès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%A1%D5%BC%D6%81%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%AA%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B7%D6%80%D5%BB%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Սառցադաշտային ժամանակաշրջան - armeni" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սառցադաշտային ժամանակաշրջան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periode_glasial" title="Periode glasial - indonesi" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Periode glasial" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B6kulskei%C3%B0" title="Jökulskeið - islandès" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Jökulskeið" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodo_glaciale" title="Periodo glaciale - italià" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Periodo glaciale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%B7%E6%9C%9F" title="氷期 - japonès" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="氷期" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A7%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90" title="მყინვარული ეპოქა - georgià" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მყინვარული ეპოქა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D2%B1%D0%B7_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5%D2%A3%D1%96" title="Мұз кезеңі - kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мұз кезеңі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B9%99%EA%B8%B0" title="빙기 - coreà" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="빙기" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rewlivans" title="Rewlivans - còrnic" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Rewlivans" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="còrnic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Глацијација - macedoni" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Глацијација" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tempoh_glasier" title="Tempoh glasier - malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tempoh glasier" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glaciaal_(tijdperk)" title="Glaciaal (tijdperk) - neerlandès" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Glaciaal (tijdperk)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zlodowacenie" title="Zlodowacenie - polonès" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zlodowacenie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glacia%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Glaciação - portuguès" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Glaciação" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portuguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0" title="Ледниковая эпоха - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ледниковая эпоха" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glacijacija" title="Glacijacija - serbocroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Glacijacija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glaciation" title="Glaciation - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Glaciation" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%BDadov%C3%A1_doba_(%C4%8Das%C5%A5_%C5%A1tvrtoh%C3%B4r)" title="Ľadová doba (časť štvrtohôr) - eslovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ľadová doba (časť štvrtohôr)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Глацијација - serbi" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Глацијација" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glacial" title="Glacial - suec" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Glacial" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buzul_d%C3%B6nemi" title="Buzul dönemi - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Buzul dönemi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Зледеніння - ucraïnès" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Зледеніння" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraïnès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BB%9Di_k%E1%BB%B3_b%C4%83ng_h%C3%A0" title="Thời kỳ băng hà - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thời kỳ băng hà" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E6%9C%9F" title="冰期 - xinès" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="冰期" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="xinès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q602963#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica enllaços interlingües" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica els enllaços</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espais de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Edat_glacial" title="Vegeu el contingut de la pàgina [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Pàgina</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon 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.hatnote{color:var(--color-inverted,#fff);background-color:var(--background-color-inverted,#101418)}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .hatnote{color:var(--color-inverted,#fff);background-color:var(--background-color-inverted,#101418)}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style> <table class="hatnote" cellspacing="5"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 25px; vertical-align: top;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/22px-Disambig_grey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/33px-Disambig_grey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/44px-Disambig_grey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> </td> <td>Aquest article tracta sobre els períodes en els quals se subdivideixen les èpoques glacials. Per a una explicació més global, vegeu <b><a href="/wiki/%C3%88poca_glacial" title="Època glacial">Època glacial</a></b>. </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Co2_glacial_cycles_800k.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Co2_glacial_cycles_800k.png/220px-Co2_glacial_cycles_800k.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Co2_glacial_cycles_800k.png/330px-Co2_glacial_cycles_800k.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Co2_glacial_cycles_800k.png/440px-Co2_glacial_cycles_800k.png 2x" data-file-width="818" data-file-height="580" /></a><figcaption>Cicles dels períodes <a href="/wiki/Per%C3%ADode_glacial" class="mw-redirect" title="Període glacial">glacials</a> i <a href="/wiki/Interglacial" class="mw-redirect" title="Interglacial">interglacials</a> representats pel <a href="/wiki/Di%C3%B2xid_de_carboni" title="Diòxid de carboni">CO₂</a>, mesurat en mostres de gel.</figcaption></figure> <p>Les <b>edats de gel</b> o <b>glaciacions</b> són períodes gelògics de la Terra durant els quals el glaç polar va envair la superfície dels continents.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Aquests períodes glacials s’han presentat des del <a href="/wiki/Precambri%C3%A0" title="Precambrià">Precambrià</a>, on hi hagué la <a href="/wiki/Glaciaci%C3%B3_huroniana" title="Glaciació huroniana">glaciació huroniana</a>, ara fa entre 2.400 i 2.100 milions d'anys fins a la darrera glaciació de Würm al Plistocè ara fa uns 75.000&#160;anys.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>El refredament produït en la <a href="/wiki/Terra" title="Terra">Terra</a>, originat a partir d'estius frescos i hiverns rigorosos, va fer que la <a href="/wiki/Neu" title="Neu">neu</a> acumulada durant l'hivern no s'acabés de fondre a l'estiu. L'absorció de calor de la superfície terrestre era menor i, any rere any, augmentava la superfície de la capa de <a href="/wiki/Gel" class="mw-redirect" title="Gel">gel</a>. Aquest fenomen produeix el descens del <a href="/wiki/Nivell_mitj%C3%A0_del_mar" title="Nivell mitjà del mar">nivell del mar</a>. </p><p>Durant les èpoques glacials la precipitació (neu) superava la fusió estival i el gel s'acumulanva en els <a href="/wiki/Casquet_polar" title="Casquet polar">casquets polars</a> i a les muntanyes. En aquestes condicions el volum d'aigua en forma de gel, atrapada als casquets polars, provocava la baixada del nivell del mar fins a arribar a desenes o al centenar de metres per dessota del nivell actual. Amb això els rius s'encaixaven profundament en el relleu i abocaven graves i arenes al mar formant <a href="/wiki/Ventall_al%C2%B7luvial" class="mw-redirect" title="Ventall al·luvial">ventalls costaners</a> i <a href="/wiki/Delta_fluvial" title="Delta fluvial">deltes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Causes">Causes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edat_glacial&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifica la secció: Causes"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Glacial_effect_hg.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Efecte glacial (després de Shackleton): la proporció d&#39;isòtops estables d&#39;oxigen 16O/18O als oceans es modifica per l&#39;acumulació de capes de gel als continents durant els glacials a causa de l&#39;evaporació fraccionada i la precipitació a latituds altes." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Glacial_effect_hg.png/220px-Glacial_effect_hg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Glacial_effect_hg.png/330px-Glacial_effect_hg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Glacial_effect_hg.png/440px-Glacial_effect_hg.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1373" /></a><figcaption>Efecte glacial (segons Shackleton): la proporció d'isòtops estables d'oxigen 16O i 18O als oceans es modifica per l'acumulació de capes de gel als continents durant els períodes glacials a causa de l'evaporació fraccionada i la precipitació en les latituds altes. Es produeix un canvi del nivell del mar d'uns 100 m entre glacials i interglacials.</figcaption></figure> <p>Les glaciacions ocòrren per la simultaneïtat de diversos factors com són: Les <a href="/wiki/Variacions_orbitals" class="mw-redirect" title="Variacions orbitals">variacions orbitals</a> de la <a href="/wiki/Terra" title="Terra">Terra</a> (cicles de la <a href="/wiki/Teoria_de_Milankovi%C4%87" title="Teoria de Milanković">teoria de Milanković</a>), l'<a href="/wiki/Atmosfera_terrestre" title="Atmosfera terrestre">atmosfera</a> i la <a href="/wiki/Deriva_continental" class="mw-redirect" title="Deriva continental">deriva continental</a>. </p><p>Canvis en l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%92rbita_de_la_Terra" class="mw-redirect" title="Òrbita de la Terra">òrbita de la Terra</a>. El canvi orbital (de circular a més el·líptica), es coneix com a <a href="/wiki/Excentricitat_orbital" title="Excentricitat orbital">excentricitat</a> i triga uns 100.000&#160;anys en passar d'una òrbita gairebé circular a el·líptica i retornar després de nou a l'òrbita més circular. Quan l'òrbita és més el·líptica, la distància respecte del <a href="/wiki/Sol" title="Sol">Sol</a> és major. </p><p>Canvis en la inclinació de l'eix de la Terra, fenomen conegut com a <a href="/wiki/Obliq%C3%BCitat_de_l%27ecl%C3%ADptica" title="Obliqüitat de l&#39;eclíptica">obliqüitat</a>, que canvia entre 22,1° i 24,5° cada 41.000&#160;anys. L'eix de la Terra està inclinat actualment 23,5°. Quan la inclinació és menor, els hiverns no són temperats i els estius no són tan càlids. L'aire càlid conté més vapor d'aigua i això fa que hi hagi més precipitació (neu) durant l'hivern. En no fondre's la neu s'accentua la formació de glaceres.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Canvis en l'<a href="/wiki/Eix_de_rotaci%C3%B3_de_la_Terra" class="mw-redirect" title="Eix de rotació de la Terra">eix de rotació</a> la Terra. La Terra gira totalment cada 24 hores al voltant del seu eix. Aproximadament cada 23.000&#160;anys, l'eix també descriu un cercle complet o <a href="/wiki/Precessi%C3%B3" title="Precessió">precessió</a>, fent que la Terra oscil·li i s'acosti més a prop del Sol al mes de juliol per comptes del mes gener i s'intensifiquen les temperatures d'estiu a l'hemisferi nord. Atès que l'hemisferi nord té més masses continentals a les latituds més altes, s'hi poden formar més capes de gel. </p><p>Aquests canvis cíclics, actuant conjuntament, afecten la quantitat de <a href="/wiki/Radiaci%C3%B3_solar" title="Radiació solar">radiació solar</a> que arriba a la Terra en diferents latituds i estacions.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Efectes">Efectes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edat_glacial&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifica la secció: Efectes"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Upper_Tahoma_Creek_Watershed_-_48481987332.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Vista de la conca hidrogràfica superior de Tahoma Creek" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Upper_Tahoma_Creek_Watershed_-_48481987332.jpg/220px-Upper_Tahoma_Creek_Watershed_-_48481987332.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Upper_Tahoma_Creek_Watershed_-_48481987332.jpg/330px-Upper_Tahoma_Creek_Watershed_-_48481987332.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Upper_Tahoma_Creek_Watershed_-_48481987332.jpg/440px-Upper_Tahoma_Creek_Watershed_-_48481987332.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4583" data-file-height="3437" /></a><figcaption>Dipòsits de morenes de l'edat de gel. Vista de la capçalera hidrogràfica a Tahoma Creek </figcaption></figure> <p>Durant les glaciacions les capes de gel s'estenen des de cadascun dels <a href="/wiki/Pol_(geogr%C3%A0fic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pol (geogràfic)">pols</a>. Les <a href="/wiki/Glaceres" class="mw-redirect" title="Glaceres">glaceres</a> de muntanya o alpines s'estenen per zones més baixes i en totes les latituds, els nivells dels mars descendeixen per causa de les grans quantitats d'aigua acumulada als <a href="/wiki/Casquet_polar" title="Casquet polar">casquets polars</a>. Les glaciacions també influeixen en els <a href="/wiki/Corrents_oce%C3%A0nics" class="mw-redirect" title="Corrents oceànics">corrents oceànics</a> produint variacions o interrupcions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Glaciacions">Glaciacions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edat_glacial&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifica la secció: Glaciacions"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Els períodes glacials més antics que s'han pogut estudiar es van produir fa uns dos mil milions d’anys quan hi hagué la glaciació huroniana. Al Canadà, Noruega i Suècia s'han trobat els dipòsits glacials (<a href="/wiki/Til%C2%B7lita" title="Til·lita">til·lites</a>) en les roques d'edat <a href="/wiki/Precambri%C3%A0" title="Precambrià">precambriana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Durant el Silúric, després de l'<a href="/wiki/Orog%C3%A8nesi_caledoniana" title="Orogènesi caledoniana">orogènia caledoniana</a> es va iniciar un altre període glacial i durant el <a href="/wiki/Permi%C3%A0" title="Permià">Permià</a> i després de l'<a href="/wiki/Orog%C3%A8nesi_varisca" title="Orogènesi varisca">orogènia herciniana</a> o varisca també hi va haver un període glacial important i bona part d'Àfrica va quedar coberta pel gel. Igualment a l'oest d’Austràlia i de Tasmània, a l’Índia i altres llocs s'han trobat empremptes del glaç en les roques i dipòsits glacials d'aquesta època geològica.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Durant les glaciacions del Plistocè (Günz, Mindel, Riss i Würm), el gel va cobrir gairebé les <a href="/wiki/Illes_Brit%C3%A0niques" title="Illes Britàniques">Illes Britàniques</a> va arribar nfins el sud d'Alemanya, <a href="/wiki/Vars%C3%B2via" title="Varsòvia">Varsòvia</a> i <a href="/wiki/K%C3%ADiv" title="Kíiv">Kíiv</a>. A la península Ibèrica es van formar grans glaceres als Pirineus, a la <a href="/wiki/Serralada_Cant%C3%A0brica" title="Serralada Cantàbrica">serralada Cantàbrica</a> i al <a href="/wiki/Sistema_Central" title="Sistema Central">Sistema Central</a> allargant-se cap al sud fins a <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Nevada_(Espanya)" title="Sierra Nevada (Espanya)">Sierra Nevada</a>. A Catalunya s'han trobat també dipòsits glacials al <a href="/wiki/Mass%C3%ADs_del_Montseny" title="Massís del Montseny">Massís del Montseny</a>. A Amèrica les glaciacions del Plistocè van afectar totalment el <a href="/wiki/Canad%C3%A0" title="Canadà">Canadà</a> i gran part del nord-est dels EUA.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Glaciacions_del_Plistocè"><span id="Glaciacions_del_Plistoc.C3.A8"></span>Glaciacions del Plistocè</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edat_glacial&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifica la secció: Glaciacions del Plistocè"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a> s'han observat quatre glaciacions que s'ha denominat amb el nom de quatre rius dels <a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alps</a>: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnz" title="Günz">Günz</a> (<a href="/wiki/Glaciaci%C3%B3_de_G%C3%BCnz" title="Glaciació de Günz">Glaciació de Günz o Nebraska</a>, I Glaciació),</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mindel" title="Mindel">Mindel</a> (<a href="/wiki/Glaciaci%C3%B3_de_Mindel" title="Glaciació de Mindel">Glaciació de Mindel</a> Glaciació de Mindel, Kansas o II Glaciació),</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riss" class="mw-redirect" title="Riss">Riss</a> (<a href="/wiki/Glaciaci%C3%B3_de_Riss" title="Glaciació de Riss">Glaciació de Riss</a>, Illinois o III Glaciació);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riu_W%C3%BCrm" title="Riu Würm">Würm</a> (<a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrm_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Würm I">Würm I</a>, Wisconsin o IV Glaciació i <a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrm_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Würm II">Würm II</a>).</li></ul> <p>Val a dir com a regla <a href="/wiki/Mnemot%C3%A8cnia" title="Mnemotècnia">mnemotècnica</a> que l'ordre alfabètic correspon al cronològic de més antic a més modern. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Períodes_interglacials"><span id="Per.C3.ADodes_interglacials"></span>Períodes interglacials</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edat_glacial&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Modifica la secció: Períodes interglacials"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Els interglacials (inclòs el període actual (Holocè), són períodes càlids, on hi ha poca extensió del gel marí i terrestre i un nivell elevat de mars i oceans. Tenit en compte el nivell alt de la mar s'identifiquem onze interglacials en els darrers 800.000&#160;anys.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Períodes_interglacials_recents"><span id="Per.C3.ADodes_interglacials_recents"></span>Períodes interglacials recents</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edat_glacial&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Modifica la secció: Períodes interglacials recents"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holoc%C3%A8" title="Holocè">Holocè</a> (actualitat)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interglacial_Riss-W%C3%BCrm" title="Interglacial Riss-Würm">Riss-Würm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interglacial_Mindel-Riss" title="Interglacial Mindel-Riss">Mindel-Riss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interglacial_G%C3%BCnz-Mindel" title="Interglacial Günz-Mindel">Günz-Mindel</a></li></ul> <p>Aquests períodes interglacials han estat datats en base als sediments marins de l'últim mig milió d'anys i només dos d'aquests en terra ferma. Hi ha un problema en la diferent comprensió i identificació de glacials i interglacials en els registres geològics terrestres i marins. Per tal d'alinear les etapes terrestres amb les subdivisions oceàniques, S'ha proposat un període compost per més d'un cicle glacial: el Supercicle Saalià. Bona part d'aquest supercicle corresponen al gran període interglacial de Mindel-Riss.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referències"><span id="Refer.C3.A8ncies"></span>Referències</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edat_glacial&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Modifica la secció: Referències"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist &#123;&#123;#if: &#124; references-column-count references-column-count-&#123;&#123;&#123;col&#125;&#125;&#125;" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0">1,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1">1,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-2">1,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-3">1,3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciclopedia.cat/gran-enciclopedia-catalana/glaciacio">glaciació</a>».&#32; Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana, GEC,&#32;2023.&#32;[Consulta: 13 novembre 2023].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-0">2,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-1">2,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-2">2,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFCuadrat,_J.M.;_Pita,_M.F.1997"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Cuadrat, J.M.; Pita, M.F.</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.cat/books/edition/Climatolog%C3%ADa/c63LQgAACAAJ?hl=ca"><i>Climatología</i></a>&#32;(en castellà-espanyol). 4.&#32; Ed. Cátedra,&#32;1997,&#32;p.&#160;399-403. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/9788437615318,_8437615313" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/9788437615318, 8437615313">ISBN 9788437615318, 8437615313</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Climatolog%C3%ADa&amp;rft.aulast=Cuadrat%2C+J.M.%3B+Pita%2C+M.F.&amp;rft.date=1997&amp;rft.edition=4&amp;rft.pub=Ed.+C%C3%A1tedra&amp;rft.pages=399-403&amp;rft.isbn=9788437615318, 8437615313&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.cat%2Fbooks%2Fedition%2FClimatolog%25C3%25ADa%2Fc63LQgAACAAJ%3Fhl%3Dca"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=iAsleUpMeFwC&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;dq=manual+de+geografia+f%C3%ADsica&amp;hl=ca&amp;source=gbs_navlinks_s"><i>Manual de Geografia Física</i></a>. 2a edició.&#32; Universitat de València,&#32;1998,&#32;p.&#160;409-411. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/8437034663,_9788437034669" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/8437034663, 9788437034669">ISBN 8437034663, 9788437034669</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Manual+de+Geografia+F%C3%ADsica&amp;rft.aufirst=Rossell%C3%B3%2C+V.M.&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rft.edition=2a+edici%C3%B3&amp;rft.pub=Universitat+de+Val%C3%A8ncia&amp;rft.pages=409-411&amp;rft.isbn=8437034663, 9788437034669&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiAsleUpMeFwC%26newbks%3D1%26newbks_redir%3D0%26dq%3Dmanual%2Bde%2Bgeografia%2Bf%25C3%25ADsica%26hl%3Dca%26source%3Dgbs_navlinks_s"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190901065156/http://www.icgc.cat/Ciutada/Explora-Catalunya/Atles/Atles-geologic-de-Catalunya/Historia-geologica-de-Catalunya/Des-de-fa-2-Ma-fins-l-any-18000-abans-de-la-nostra-era">Des de fa 2 Ma fins l’any 18000 abans de la nostra era</a>».&#32; Institut Cartogràfic i Geològic de Catalunya, ICGC,&#32;2023. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.icgc.cat/Ciutada/Explora-Catalunya/Atles/Atles-geologic-de-Catalunya/Historia-geologica-de-Catalunya/Des-de-fa-2-Ma-fins-l-any-18000-abans-de-la-nostra-era">original</a> el 2019-09-01.&#32;[Consulta: 13 novembre 2023].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:2_5-0">5,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:2_5-1">5,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ces.fau.edu/nasa/module-3/temperature-trend-changes/causes-glaciation.php">The Causes of Glaciation</a>»&#32;(en anglès).&#32; Climate Science Investigations (CSI) NASA,&#32;2023.&#32;[Consulta: 14 novembre 2023].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">Past Interglacials Working Group of PAGES&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/2015RG000482">Interglacials of the last 800,000 years</a>».&#32;<i>Reviews of Geophysics</i>,&#32;20-11-2015,&#32;pàg.&#160;abstract. <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2F2015RG000482">10.1002/2015RG000482</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFGeorge_Kukla,,_(https&#58;//www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379105000818)2005"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">George Kukla,, (<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379105000818">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379105000818</a>)</span>&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379105000818">Saalian supercycle, Mindel/Riss interglacial and Milankovitch's dating</a>».&#32;<i>Quaternary Science Reviews</i>,&#32;14–15,&#32;2005,&#32;pàg.&#160;1573-1583. <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.quascirev.2004.08.023">10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.08.023</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN" title="ISSN">ISSN</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/ISSN">0277-3791 ISSN 0277-3791</a>.</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33663753">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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