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data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/44292832/Leonard_Sidharta_Moral_Saints_and_Eudaimonia_a_Philosophical_Justification_of_Moral_Sainthood_Doctor_of_Philosophy" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="48995681" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/48995681/Saints_and_Saintliness">Saints and Saintliness</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5003" href="https://reading.academia.edu/JohnCottingham">John Cottingham</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2017</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The greatest saints … show themselves, and there is no question; every one perceives their strength and stature. Their sense of mystery in things, their passion, their goodness, irradiate about them and enlarge their outlines while they soften them. They are like pictures with an atmosphere and background; and placed alongside of them, the strong men of this world and no other seem as dry as sticks, as hard and crude as blocks of stone or brickbats.' (James 1960 [1902]: 364) 1. Understanding sainthood There are a number of potential difficulties that beset the philosophical study of sainthood. To begin with, the concept of sainthood is integrally connected with questions about morality and how we should live; indeed arguably the concept of sainthood (like many religious concepts) can only be adequately understood within a framework that gives primacy to this moral dimension. This may present an obstacle to the proper philosophical discussion of sainthood, given the compartmentalized nature of much contemporary academic philosophy, where the 'ethicist' and the 'epistemologist' often pursue very disparate agendas. Yet if we leave the confines of academic specialisms and start to look at how human life is actually lived, it becomes clear that our cognitive grasp of reality, what we know and understand of the world, often depends in crucial respects not just on what the world is like, but also on what we are like: how our sensibilities are cultivated and attuned, what we pay attention to, what distractions and temptations we have learned to set aside, how earnestly we persevere in the quest for sincerity and integrity, and how our perceptual powers are refined through experience-including the painful experience of sacrifice and suffering. The saint seems to be a paradigm case of someone for whom the process of interior moral transformation has reshaped their perception of the world and their grasp of reality. So although the focus of the present volume is an epistemological one, it will be important for the purposes of this chapter not to construe 'epistemological' in too circumscribed a way; for the life of the saint may turn out to be a life in which the epistemic and the ethical aspects are inseparably fused. The remarks of William James in our opening epigraph suggest as a starting point for inquiry the idea that the great saints can be recognized by certain shining qualities whose value is manifest to all. Yet here a second potential difficulty presents itself, namely that it is far from obvious that there is as much of a consensus on the relevant praiseworthy qualities as James supposes. For in judging the value of sainthood, the theist may wish to employ standards that may appear debatable or questionable to those who reject the theistic framework. Moreover, standards of value, methods of inquiry, and the extent of religious allegiance in a given society, are all factors that are liable to change over time; and in this connection it is remarkable how much the cultural landscape has altered since William James presented his Varieties of Religious Experience at the start of the last century. In one way James saw his own empirical methods as very 'modern' and radical: he proposed, in his chapter on saintliness, to 'measure the worth of a religion's fruits in merely human terms of value' (James 1960 [1902]: 322)-something he clearly felt might ruffle the prevailing religious sensibilities of the time. But in spite of that, his attitude to sainthood, as is clear from our opening epigraph, was often very positive; and his general tone is one of open-minded interest and broad respect for many aspects of the religious outlook. By contrast, the 'naturalist revolution' (Leiter 2004: 2-3), which has increasingly swept through philosophy at</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Saints and Saintliness","attachmentId":67384447,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/48995681/Saints_and_Saintliness","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/48995681/Saints_and_Saintliness"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="22715524" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22715524/Moral_Sainthood">Moral Sainthood</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="276469" href="https://st-andrews.academia.edu/AdamEtinson">Adam Etinson</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Few of us do as much as we should to help others, and this is often a powerful source of guilt and regret. At the same time, those of us who are fastidiously concerned with the needs of others, and who act accordingly (call them altruists, or " moral saints "), can sometimes seem almost inhuman and even misguided. Is the moral life a good life? Or is morality less demanding than is often thought? How should we balance our self-interest, let alone other goods (the survival of the planet, the interests of animals, etc.), against the interests of others? This course will take a close look at these fundamental questions of moral philosophy, using real-world examples of 'moral saints,' alternative archetypes, and a wealth of literature on the demands (and demandingness) of morality, as a focus of analysis. The course is designed to be of interest to both undergraduate and graduate students in any discipline, but most of the readings will be philosophical in nature, and of special interest to students of philosophy. Students of human rights are also encouraged to register, given their (admirable) interest in helping others.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Moral Sainthood","attachmentId":44109162,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/22715524/Moral_Sainthood","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/22715524/Moral_Sainthood"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="105495212" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/105495212/Hip_to_Be_Square_Moral_Saints_Revisited">Hip to Be Square: Moral Saints Revisited</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="31141351" href="https://ceu.academia.edu/LiamRyan">Liam D Ryan</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Ethics, Politics & Society, 2023</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">I defend the continuing importance, and attraction of, moral saints. The objective of this paper is twofold; firstly, to critique Wolf's definition of sainthood, and secondly, to argue against her view that one should not desire to be a moral saint, nor emulate them. In section 1, I argue that moral saints are highly complex moral agents, and that Wolf's definition does not capture this complexity. My second argument is that Wolf's account that there are two kinds of saints, loving and rational, leads to a tension. Either: (1) the distinction between loving and rational saints is justifiable; but then arguments against the benefits of sainthood ought to be directed independently against each kind of saint which, Wolf does not do; or (2) the distinction is not justifiable, in which case the division is explanatorily impotent. In section 2, I will present Wolf's argument for why one should not want to be a moral saint, nor even know one. I counter that Wolf over-emphasises non-moral values, to the point that these values have a monopoly on what constitutes a well-rounded life. Wolf must provide a more definitive scope for non-moral values, as the distinction between moral and non-moral values is ambiguous. Finally, I argue that moral saints can serve as moral exemplars and visionaries. By admiring and emulating them, we can adapt our own moral behavior, and by example, moral saints can discover new and better ways of pursuing moral goods.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Hip to Be Square: Moral Saints Revisited","attachmentId":104934074,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/105495212/Hip_to_Be_Square_Moral_Saints_Revisited","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/105495212/Hip_to_Be_Square_Moral_Saints_Revisited"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="18246916" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18246916/Morality_religion_spirituality_the_value_of_saintliness">Morality, religion, spirituality—the value of saintliness</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="38139054" href="https://ubc.academia.edu/LawrenceWalker">Lawrence J Walker</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Moral Education, 2003</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Morality, religion, spirituality—the value of saintliness","attachmentId":39953896,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/18246916/Morality_religion_spirituality_the_value_of_saintliness","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/18246916/Morality_religion_spirituality_the_value_of_saintliness"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="13097069" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13097069/Saints_Heroes_and_Moral_Necessity">Saints, Heroes and Moral Necessity</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1028664" href="https://tilburguniversity.academia.edu/AlfredArcher">Alfred Archer</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplementary Volume, 2015</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Many people who perform paradigmatic examples of acts of supererogation claim that they could not have done otherwise. In this paper I will argue that these self-reports from moral exemplars present a challenge to the traditional view of supererogation as involving agential sacrifice. I will argue that the claims made by moral exemplars are plausibly understood as what Bernard Williams calls a ‘practical necessity’. I will then argue that this makes it implausible to view these acts as involving agential sacrifice.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Saints, Heroes and Moral Necessity","attachmentId":37944135,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/13097069/Saints_Heroes_and_Moral_Necessity","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/13097069/Saints_Heroes_and_Moral_Necessity"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="104035669" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/104035669/The_problem_of_The_Self_Ascription_of_Sainthood">The problem of The Self-Ascription of Sainthood</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="80171" href="https://rug.academia.edu/GorazdAndrejc">Gorazd Andrejč</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Philosophy and the Spiritual Life, edited by V. Harrison, T. McNabb. London: Routledge. pp. 125-141. , 2023</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The main idea of this chapter stems from a grammatical peculiarity of ‘being a saint’ in the Christian context, which can be described as follows: the term ‘saint’ seems to be ascribable only to others but not to oneself. To appreciate the nature of the problem the author have described in the introduction it is important to get a feel for the different meanings that ‘saint’ can have in Christianity and see for which of those the problem is relevant. The Lutheran-episodic conception of sainthood which the author suggests instead of the strong realist metaphysics of sainthood can live with the broader, inclusive sense of ‘saint’ which stems from early Christian usage, according to which all Christians are saints. The fact that everybody, even those individuals who do the most saintly acts, has defects and weaknesses, should always guide use of the term ‘saint’.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The problem of The Self-Ascription of Sainthood","attachmentId":103871765,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/104035669/The_problem_of_The_Self_Ascription_of_Sainthood","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/104035669/The_problem_of_The_Self_Ascription_of_Sainthood"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="5297391" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5297391/Solidarity_The_Journal_of_Catholic_Social_Thought_and_Secular_Ethics_Review_Truth_and_Faith_in_Ethics_Recommended_Citation">Solidarity: The Journal of Catholic Social Thought and Secular Ethics Review: Truth and Faith in Ethics Recommended Citation</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="131634" href="https://mgs.academia.edu/AndrewBrowerLatz">Andrew Brower Latz</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Solidarity: The Journal of Catholic Social Thought and Secular Ethics Review: Truth and Faith in Ethics Recommended Citation","attachmentId":32466086,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/5297391/Solidarity_The_Journal_of_Catholic_Social_Thought_and_Secular_Ethics_Review_Truth_and_Faith_in_Ethics_Recommended_Citation","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/5297391/Solidarity_The_Journal_of_Catholic_Social_Thought_and_Secular_Ethics_Review_Truth_and_Faith_in_Ethics_Recommended_Citation"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="19854074" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19854074/Moral_Saints_Hindu_Sages_and_the_Good_Life">Moral Saints, Hindu Sages, and the Good Life</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2810057" href="https://ucalgary.academia.edu/ChrisFramarin">Chris Framarin</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Roy W. Perrett argues that the Hindu sage, like the western moral saint, seems precluded from pursuing non-moral virtues, interests, activities, relationships, and so on for their own sakes. A life devoid of every such pursuit seems deficient. Hence, the Hindu sage seems to forsake the good life. In response, I adapt a reply that Vanessa Carbonell offers in the context of the moral saint. The Hindu sage might pursue non-moral virtues, interests, activities, relationships, and so on for their own sakes, so long as his motivation to pursue mokṣa is read de re rather than de dicto. Indeed, this reply is more convincing in the case of the Hindu sage than it is in the case of the moral saint.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Moral Saints, Hindu Sages, and the Good Life","attachmentId":40880845,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/19854074/Moral_Saints_Hindu_Sages_and_the_Good_Life","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/19854074/Moral_Saints_Hindu_Sages_and_the_Good_Life"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="123510555" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/123510555/A_Triadic_Model_of_How_to_Become_Like_the_Saints">A Triadic Model of How to Become Like the Saints</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="203661063" href="https://nd.academia.edu/GraceHibshman">Grace C Hibshman</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Exemplars, Imitation, and Character Formation: A Philosophical, Psychological, and Christian Inquiry, 2025</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Traditional forms of Christianity often portray the saints as examples of what we should try to become. However, it is not clear how we should engage with the examples of saints whose spirituality is bound up with practices that are inappropriate for most people. If we copy a saint’s exact behavior, then we will likely end up imitating traits that are inappropriate for us. Alternatively, if we don’t try to replicate any particular features of a saint, then it’s hard to explain what purpose the saint’s particular example is serving. To solve this puzzle, I sketch a triadic model of how engaging with the lives of the saints can help us become like them. On this model, a penitent becomes like a saint in an indirect way by engaging in a certain kind of three-way relationship with God and the saint. This model preserves the relevance of a saint’s particular way of being a saint to the process of becoming like the saint, but it does so without requiring one to directly imitate the saint’s specific features.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A Triadic Model of How to Become Like the Saints","attachmentId":117925222,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/123510555/A_Triadic_Model_of_How_to_Become_Like_the_Saints","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/123510555/A_Triadic_Model_of_How_to_Become_Like_the_Saints"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="14033211" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14033211/The_Good_Life_A_Response_to_Susan_Wolf_s_Moral_Saints_Argument">The Good Life: A Response to Susan Wolf’s ‘Moral Saints’ Argument</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33117950" href="https://bham.academia.edu/NicholasMoss">Nicholas O Moss</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="22197516" href="https://bham.academia.edu/TheNewBirminghamReview">The New Birmingham Review</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">In modern moral philosophy there has emerged a tendency to dismiss ethical theories on the grounds that they yield what one might deem as “unattractive” outcomes for moral agents. Susan Wolf utilises such an argument in her Moral Saints paper by condemning the undesirable lifestyles demanded by moral theories which enforce obligations. However, to propound such a connection between life-ideals and underlying ethical theories is contentious, and could be damaging for the progress of accurate ethical research. Therefore, I consider it necessary to challenge Wolf’s argument. My objection to Wolf involves demonstrating that her third premise – that we cannot accept a moral theory which mandates an undesirable life – commits her to one of two approaches to evaluating life-ideals. The failure in Wolf’s argument is that neither of these two possible approaches are plausible, either because they lead her to undermine her own argument, or because they involve committing a category mistake. Consequently, I proceed to conclude that Wolf’s argument is not a valid reason to condemn deontic ethical theories; and more broadly that opinion on the desirability of resultant lifestyles should not act as an indicator for a moral theory’s credibility.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Good Life: A Response to Susan Wolf’s ‘Moral Saints’ Argument","attachmentId":38186433,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/14033211/The_Good_Life_A_Response_to_Susan_Wolf_s_Moral_Saints_Argument","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/14033211/The_Good_Life_A_Response_to_Susan_Wolf_s_Moral_Saints_Argument"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":64675382,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":64675382,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_64675382" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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