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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:whitesmoke">Posterior clinoid processes</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray145.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Gray145.png/250px-Gray145.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Gray145.png/375px-Gray145.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Gray145.png/500px-Gray145.png 2x" data-file-width="724" data-file-height="446" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Sphenoid_bone" title="Sphenoid bone">Sphenoid bone</a>. Superior view. (Posterior clinoid process labeled at upper left.)</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray193.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Gray193.png/250px-Gray193.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="368" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Gray193.png/375px-Gray193.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Gray193.png/500px-Gray193.png 2x" data-file-width="719" data-file-height="1057" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Base_of_the_skull" class="mw-redirect" title="Base of the skull">Base of the skull</a>. Upper surface. (Caption for posterior clinoid process visible at center left. <a href="/wiki/Sphenoid_bone" title="Sphenoid bone">Sphenoid bone</a> is yellow.)</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Details</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>processus clinoideus posterior</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA98</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ifaa.unifr.ch/Public/EntryPage/TA98%20Tree/Entity%20TA98%20EN/02.1.05.011%20Entity%20TA98%20EN.htm">A02.1.05.011</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA2</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ta2viewer.openanatomy.org/?id=595">595</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Foundational_Model_of_Anatomy" title="Foundational Model of Anatomy">FMA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/FMA/?p=classes&conceptid=http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.org%2Fsig%2Font%2Ffma%2Ffma54696">54696</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terms_of_bone" title="Anatomical terms of bone">Anatomical terms of bone</a><div style="text-align: right;"><small class="noprint">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7234180" class="extiw" title="d:Q7234180">edit on Wikidata</a>]</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>posterior clinoid processes</b> are the tubercles of the <a href="/wiki/Sphenoid_bone" title="Sphenoid bone">sphenoid bone</a> situated at the superior angles of the <a href="/wiki/Dorsum_sellae" title="Dorsum sellae">dorsum sellae</a> (one on each angle) which represents the posterior boundary of the <a href="/wiki/Sella_turcica" title="Sella turcica">sella turcica</a>. They vary considerably in size and form. The posterior clinoid processes deepen the sella turcica, and give attachment to (the attached border of) the <a href="/wiki/Tentorium_cerebelli" class="mw-redirect" title="Tentorium cerebelli">tentorium cerebelli</a>,<b><sup id="cite_ref-:0222_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0222-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 440, 509">: 440, 509 </span></sup></b> and the dura forming the floor of the <a href="/wiki/Hypophyseal_fossa" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypophyseal fossa">hypophyseal fossa (sella turcica)</a>.<b><sup id="cite_ref-:0222_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0222-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 441">: 441 </span></sup></b> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_petroclinoid_ligament">The petroclinoid ligament</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posterior_clinoid_processes&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: The petroclinoid ligament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-move" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Split-arrows.svg/50px-Split-arrows.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Split-arrows.svg/75px-Split-arrows.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Split-arrows.svg/100px-Split-arrows.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">It has been suggested that portions of this section be <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Splitting" title="Wikipedia:Splitting">split</a> out into another article titled <i><a href="/wiki/Petroclinoid_ligament" class="mw-redirect" title="Petroclinoid ligament">Petroclinoid ligament</a></i>. (<a href="/wiki/Talk:Posterior_clinoid_processes" title="Talk:Posterior clinoid processes">Discuss</a>) <small><i>(July 2023)</i></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The petroclinoid ligament is a fold of dura matter. It extends between the posterior clinoid process and <a href="/wiki/Anterior_clinoid_process" title="Anterior clinoid process">anterior clinoid process</a> and the petrosal part of the <a href="/wiki/Temporal_bone" title="Temporal bone">temporal bone</a> of the skull. There are two separate bands of the ligament; named the anterior and posterior petroclinoid ligaments respectively. The anterior petroclinoid ligament is considered to be an extension of the tentorium cerebelli and the posterior petroclinoid ligament arises from the posteromedial extensions of the tentorial notch. The anterior and posterior petroclinoid ligaments are bands composed of collagen and elastic fibres that are densely packed in fascicles <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Their function:</b> </p><p>The anterior petroclinoid ligament acts to laterally limit the superior wall of the cavernous sinus. The posterior petroclinoid ligament limits the posterior wall of the cavernous sinus. The angle between the two ligaments varies from 20 to 55 degrees.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Anatomical Relations and Clinical significance:</b> </p><p>The posterior petroclinoid ligament is in close proximity to the oculomotor nerve. During head trauma, it acts as a fulcrum following the downward displacement of the brainstem. This can cause injury to the pupillomotor fibres of the oculomotor nerve, consequently leading to internal <a href="/wiki/Ophthalmoparesis" title="Ophthalmoparesis">ophthalmoplegia</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The petroclinoid ligament attaches across the notch at the petrosphenoid junction. This forms a foramen, and within this lies the abducens nerve. The abducens nerve travels inferiorly to the petroclinoid ligament <sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Ossification</b> </p><p> The petroclinoid ligament could calcify. An ossified form of the ligament may create a syndrome, and this can be seen on a radiograph. The ossified ligament is a typical anatomical anomaly.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Posterior_clinoid_process.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Posterior_clinoid_process.jpg/300px-Posterior_clinoid_process.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Posterior_clinoid_process.jpg/450px-Posterior_clinoid_process.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Posterior_clinoid_process.jpg/600px-Posterior_clinoid_process.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>Posterior clinoid process</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posterior_clinoid_processes&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Clinoid likely comes from the Greek root <i>klinein</i> or the Latin <i>clinare</i>, both meaning "sloped" as in "inclined." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posterior_clinoid_processes&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0222-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0222_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a 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Elsevier. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tk.de/rochelexikon/pics/s34257.000-2.html">the original</a> on 2013-06-22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Roche+Lexicon+-+illustrated+navigator&rft.atitle=Anatomy+diagram%3A+34257.000-2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tk.de%2Frochelexikon%2Fpics%2Fs34257.000-2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APosterior+clinoid+processes" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100101010101/http://ect.downstate.edu/courseware/haonline/figs/l22/225b06.htm">Anatomy figure: 22:5b-06</a> at Human Anatomy Online, SUNY Downstate Medical Center</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output 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ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Neurocranium" title="Template:Neurocranium"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Neurocranium" title="Template talk:Neurocranium"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Neurocranium" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Neurocranium"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Neurocranium_of_the_skull" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Neurocranium" title="Neurocranium">Neurocranium</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Human_skull" class="mw-redirect" title="Human skull">skull</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Occipital_bone" title="Occipital bone">Occipital</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Squama_occipitalis" class="mw-redirect" title="Squama occipitalis">Squamous part</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>external</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inion" class="mw-redirect" title="Inion">Inion</a>/<a href="/wiki/External_occipital_protuberance" title="External occipital protuberance">External occipital protuberance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occipital_bun" title="Occipital bun">Occipital bun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/External_occipital_crest" title="External occipital crest">External occipital crest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuchal_lines" title="Nuchal lines">Nuchal lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suprainiac_fossa" title="Suprainiac fossa">Suprainiac fossa</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>planes</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Occipital_plane" class="mw-redirect" title="Occipital plane">Occipital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuchal_plane" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuchal plane">Nuchal</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>internal</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cruciform_eminence" title="Cruciform eminence">Cruciform eminence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_occipital_protuberance" title="Internal occipital protuberance">Internal occipital protuberance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_occipital_crest" title="Internal occipital crest">Internal occipital crest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groove_for_transverse_sinus" title="Groove for transverse sinus">Groove for transverse sinus</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lateral_parts_of_occipital_bone" title="Lateral parts of occipital bone">Lateral parts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Occipital_condyle" class="mw-redirect" title="Occipital condyle">Condyle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Condyloid_fossa" title="Condyloid fossa">Condyloid fossa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condylar_canal" title="Condylar canal">Condylar canal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypoglossal_canal" title="Hypoglossal canal">Hypoglossal canal</a></li> <li><i>jugular</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jugular_process" title="Jugular process">Jugular process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jugular_tubercle" title="Jugular tubercle">Jugular tubercle</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Basilar_part_of_occipital_bone" title="Basilar part of occipital bone">Basilar part</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pharyngeal_tubercle" title="Pharyngeal tubercle">Pharyngeal tubercle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clivus_(anatomy)" title="Clivus (anatomy)">Clivus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foramen_magnum" title="Foramen magnum">Foramen magnum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basion" class="mw-redirect" title="Basion">Basion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opisthion" class="mw-redirect" title="Opisthion">Opisthion</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Parietal_bone" title="Parietal bone">Parietal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parietal_eminence" title="Parietal eminence">Parietal eminence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temporal_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Temporal line">Temporal line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parietal_foramina" title="Parietal foramina">Parietal foramen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagittal_sulcus" title="Sagittal sulcus">Sagittal sulcus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagittal_keel" title="Sagittal keel">Sagittal keel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagittal_crest" title="Sagittal crest">Sagittal crest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Frontal_bone" title="Frontal bone">Frontal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Squama_frontalis" class="mw-redirect" title="Squama frontalis">Squamous part</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frontal_suture" title="Frontal suture">Frontal suture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frontal_eminence" title="Frontal eminence">Frontal eminence</a></li> <li><i>external</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Superciliary_arches" class="mw-redirect" title="Superciliary arches">Superciliary arches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glabella" title="Glabella">Glabella</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>foramina</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supraorbital_foramen" title="Supraorbital foramen">Supraorbital foramen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brow_ridge" title="Brow ridge">Brow ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foramen_cecum_(frontal_bone)" title="Foramen cecum (frontal bone)">Foramen cecum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zygomatic_process_of_frontal_bone" class="mw-redirect" title="Zygomatic process of frontal bone">Zygomatic process</a></li> <li><i>internal</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sagittal_sulcus" title="Sagittal sulcus">Sagittal sulcus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frontal_crest" title="Frontal crest">Frontal crest</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_part_of_frontal_bone" title="Orbital part of frontal bone">Orbital part</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethmoidal_notch" title="Ethmoidal notch">Ethmoidal notch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fossa_for_lacrimal_gland" title="Fossa for lacrimal gland">Fossa for lacrimal gland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trochlear_fovea" title="Trochlear fovea">Trochlear fovea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frontal_sinus" title="Frontal sinus">Frontal sinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frontonasal_duct" title="Frontonasal duct">Frontonasal duct</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Temporal_bone" title="Temporal bone">Temporal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Squama_temporalis" class="mw-redirect" title="Squama temporalis">Squamous part</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Articular_tubercle" title="Articular tubercle">Articular tubercle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suprameatal_triangle" title="Suprameatal triangle">Suprameatal triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandibular_fossa" title="Mandibular fossa">Mandibular fossa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrotympanic_fissure" title="Petrotympanic fissure">Petrotympanic fissure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zygomatic_process_of_temporal_bone" class="mw-redirect" title="Zygomatic process of temporal bone">Zygomatic process</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mastoid_part_of_the_temporal_bone" title="Mastoid part of the temporal bone">Mastoid part</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mastoid_foramen" title="Mastoid foramen">Mastoid foramen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mastoid_process" class="mw-redirect" title="Mastoid process">Mastoid process</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mastoid_cells" title="Mastoid cells">Mastoid cells</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mastoid_notch" class="mw-redirect" title="Mastoid notch">Mastoid notch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occipital_groove" class="mw-redirect" title="Occipital groove">Occipital groove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigmoid_sulcus" title="Sigmoid sulcus">Sigmoid sulcus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mastoid_antrum" title="Mastoid antrum">Mastoid antrum</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aditus_to_mastoid_antrum" title="Aditus to mastoid antrum">Aditus</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Petrous_part_of_the_temporal_bone" title="Petrous part of the temporal bone">Petrous part</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carotid_canal" title="Carotid canal">Carotid canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facial_canal" title="Facial canal">Facial canal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hiatus_for_greater_petrosal_nerve" title="Hiatus for greater petrosal nerve">Hiatus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_auditory_meatus" title="Internal auditory meatus">Internal auditory meatus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cochlear_aqueduct" title="Cochlear aqueduct">Cochlear aqueduct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stylomastoid_foramen" title="Stylomastoid foramen">Stylomastoid foramen</a></li> <li><i>fossae</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Subarcuate_fossa" title="Subarcuate fossa">Subarcuate fossa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jugular_fossa" title="Jugular fossa">Jugular fossa</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>canaliculi</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inferior_tympanic_canaliculus" class="mw-redirect" title="Inferior tympanic canaliculus">Inferior tympanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mastoid_canaliculus" title="Mastoid canaliculus">Mastoid</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temporal_styloid_process" title="Temporal styloid process">Styloid process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrosquamous_suture" title="Petrosquamous suture">Petrosquamous suture</a></li> <li><i>(note: <a href="/wiki/Ossicles" title="Ossicles">ossicles</a> in petrous part, but not part of temporal bone)</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tympanic_part_of_the_temporal_bone" title="Tympanic part of the temporal bone">Tympanic part</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suprameatal_spine" title="Suprameatal spine">Suprameatal spine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sphenoid_bone" title="Sphenoid bone">Sphenoid</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Surfaces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Superior surface:</i> <a href="/wiki/Sella_turcica" title="Sella turcica">Sella turcica</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dorsum_sellae" title="Dorsum sellae">Dorsum sellae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuberculum_sellae" title="Tuberculum sellae">Tuberculum sellae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypophysial_fossa" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypophysial fossa">Hypophysial fossa</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Posterior clinoid processes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethmoidal_spine" title="Ethmoidal spine">Ethmoidal spine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiasmatic_groove" title="Chiasmatic groove">Chiasmatic groove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_clinoid_process" title="Middle clinoid process">Middle clinoid process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrosal_process" title="Petrosal process">Petrosal process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clivus_(anatomy)" title="Clivus (anatomy)">Clivus</a></li> <li><i>Lateral surface:</i> <a href="/wiki/Carotid_groove" title="Carotid groove">Carotid groove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphenoidal_lingula" title="Sphenoidal lingula">Sphenoidal lingula</a></li> <li><i>Anterior surface:</i> <a href="/wiki/Sphenoidal_sinus" class="mw-redirect" title="Sphenoidal sinus">Sphenoidal sinuses</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Greater_wing_of_sphenoid_bone" title="Greater wing of sphenoid bone">Great wings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>foramina</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foramen_rotundum" title="Foramen rotundum">Rotundum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foramen_ovale_(skull)" title="Foramen ovale (skull)">Ovale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphenoidal_emissary_foramen" title="Sphenoidal emissary foramen">Vesalii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foramen_spinosum" title="Foramen spinosum">Spinosum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spine_of_sphenoid_bone" title="Spine of sphenoid bone">Spine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infratemporal_crest" title="Infratemporal crest">Infratemporal crest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulcus_of_auditory_tube" title="Sulcus of auditory tube">Sulcus of auditory tube</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lesser_wing_of_sphenoid_bone" title="Lesser wing of sphenoid bone">Small wings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Superior_orbital_fissure" title="Superior orbital fissure">Superior orbital fissure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anterior_clinoid_process" title="Anterior clinoid process">Anterior clinoid process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optic_canal" title="Optic canal">Optic canal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pterygoid_processes_of_the_sphenoid" title="Pterygoid processes of the sphenoid">Pterygoid<br />processes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>fossae</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pterygoid_fossa" title="Pterygoid fossa">Pterygoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scaphoid_fossa" title="Scaphoid fossa">Scaphoid</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>pterygoid plates</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lateral_pterygoid_plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Lateral pterygoid plate">Lateral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medial_pterygoid_plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Medial pterygoid plate">Medial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pterygoid_canal" title="Pterygoid canal">Pterygoid canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pterygoid_hamulus" title="Pterygoid hamulus">Hamulus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Body_of_sphenoid_bone" title="Body of sphenoid bone">Body</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphenoidal_conchae" title="Sphenoidal conchae">Sphenoidal conchae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ethmoid_bone" title="Ethmoid bone">Ethmoid</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cribriform_plate" title="Cribriform plate">Cribriform plate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crista_galli" title="Crista galli">Crista galli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olfactory_foramina" title="Olfactory foramina">Olfactory foramina</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpendicular_plate_of_ethmoid_bone" title="Perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone">Perpendicular plate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Surfaces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Lateral surface</i> <a href="/wiki/Orbital_lamina_of_ethmoid_bone" title="Orbital lamina of ethmoid bone">Orbital lamina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncinate_process_of_ethmoid_bone" title="Uncinate process of ethmoid bone">Uncinate process</a></li> <li><i>Medial surface</i> <a href="/wiki/Supreme_nasal_concha" title="Supreme nasal concha">Supreme nasal concha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior_nasal_concha" title="Superior nasal concha">Superior nasal concha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior_meatus" class="mw-redirect" title="Superior meatus">Superior meatus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_nasal_concha" title="Middle nasal concha">Middle nasal concha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_meatus" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle meatus">Middle meatus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" 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