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</ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc 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href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%82%D9%82%D8%B2" title="هال بوققز – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="هال بوققز" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hale_Boggs" title="Hale Boggs – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hale Boggs" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hale_Boggs" title="Hale Boggs – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hale Boggs" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%DB%8C%D9%84_%D8%A8%D8%A7%DA%AF%D8%B2" title="هیل باگز – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هیل باگز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hale_Boggs" title="Hale Boggs – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hale Boggs" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hale_Boggs" title="Hale Boggs – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hale Boggs" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hale_Boggs" title="Hale Boggs – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Hale Boggs" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%B2" title="هيل بوجز – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هيل بوجز" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hale_Boggs_Sr." title="Thomas Hale Boggs Sr. – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Thomas Hale Boggs Sr." data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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.hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other persons named Thomas Boggs, see <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Boggs_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Thomas Boggs (disambiguation)">Thomas Boggs (disambiguation)</a>. For the other similarly nicknamed Member of Congress from the same time period, see <a href="/wiki/Cale_Boggs" class="mw-redirect" title="Cale Boggs">Cale Boggs</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Hale Boggs</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Leader_Hale_Boggs_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Leader_Hale_Boggs_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Leader_Hale_Boggs_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Leader_Hale_Boggs_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Leader_Hale_Boggs_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Leader_Hale_Boggs_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Leader_Hale_Boggs_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4266" data-file-height="5329" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Boggs in March 1971</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives">House Majority Leader</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 3, 1971 – January 3, 1973<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Deputy</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tip_O%27Neill" title="Tip O'Neill">Tip O'Neill</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Speaker</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Albert" title="Carl Albert">Carl Albert</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Carl Albert</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Tip O'Neill</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives">House Majority Whip</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 10, 1962 – January 3, 1971</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Leader</th><td class="infobox-data">Carl Albert</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Carl Albert</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Tip O'Neill</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <span style="display: inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a></span><br />from <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a>'s <span data-sort-value="Louisiana02 !"><a href="/wiki/Louisiana%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Louisiana's 2nd congressional district">2nd</a></span> district</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 3, 1947 – January 3, 1973</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Paul_H._Maloney" title="Paul H. Maloney">Paul H. Maloney</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lindy_Boggs" title="Lindy Boggs">Lindy Boggs</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 3, 1941 – January 3, 1943</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Paul H. Maloney</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Paul H. Maloney</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Thomas Hale Boggs</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1914-02-15</span>)</span>February 15, 1914<br /><a href="/wiki/Long_Beach,_Mississippi" title="Long Beach, Mississippi">Long Beach, Mississippi</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">On or after October 16, 1972 (aged 58)<br /><a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Lindy_Boggs" title="Lindy Boggs">Lindy Claiborne</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1938)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">4, including <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Boggs_Sigmund" title="Barbara Boggs Sigmund">Barbara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hale_Boggs_Jr." title="Thomas Hale Boggs Jr.">Tommy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cokie_Roberts" title="Cokie Roberts">Cokie</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tulane_University" title="Tulane University">Tulane University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Laws" title="Bachelor of Laws">LLB</a>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Military service</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Branch/service</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1943–1946</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data">Ensign</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Battles/wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Disappeared</th><td class="infobox-data">October 16, 1972 (aged 58)<br /><a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Declared_death_in_absentia" class="mw-redirect" title="Declared death in absentia">Declared dead <i>in absentia</i></a><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="dday deathdate">1972-12-29</span>)</span>December 29, 1972 (aged 58)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Thomas Hale Boggs Sr.</b> (February 15, 1914 – disappeared October 16, 1972; <a href="/wiki/Declared_death_in_absentia" class="mw-redirect" title="Declared death in absentia">declared dead</a> December 29, 1972) was an American <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a> politician and a member of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a> from <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a>. He was the <a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives#Majority_Leader" title="Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives">House majority leader</a> and a member of the <a href="/wiki/Warren_Commission" title="Warren Commission">Warren Commission</a>. </p><p>In 1972, while still majority leader, Boggs was on a fundraising drive in <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a> when the twin engine airplane on which he was travelling along with Alaska congressman <a href="/wiki/Nick_Begich_Sr." title="Nick Begich Sr.">Nick Begich</a> and two others disappeared en route from <a href="/wiki/Anchorage,_Alaska" title="Anchorage, Alaska">Anchorage</a> to <a href="/wiki/Juneau,_Alaska" title="Juneau, Alaska">Juneau, Alaska</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hale_Boggs&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Boggs was born in <a href="/wiki/Long_Beach,_Mississippi" title="Long Beach, Mississippi">Long Beach</a> in <a href="/wiki/Harrison_County,_Mississippi" title="Harrison County, Mississippi">Harrison County</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Gulf_Coast" title="Mississippi Gulf Coast">Mississippi Gulf Coast</a>, the son of Claire Josephine (Hale) and William Robertson "Will" Boggs.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Boggs was educated at <a href="/wiki/Tulane_University" title="Tulane University">Tulane University</a> where he received a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor%27s_degree" title="Bachelor's degree">bachelor's degree</a> in <a href="/wiki/Journalism" title="Journalism">journalism</a> in 1934 and a <a href="/wiki/Juris_Doctor" title="Juris Doctor">law</a> degree in 1937. He first practiced law in <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a> but soon became a leader in the movement to break the power of the <a href="/wiki/Political_machine" title="Political machine">political machine</a> of <a href="/wiki/U.S._Senator" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Senator">U.S. Senator</a> <a href="/wiki/Huey_Long" title="Huey Long">Huey Pierce Long Jr.</a>, who was <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Huey_Long" title="Assassination of Huey Long">assassinated</a> in 1935. Long had previously broken the power of New Orleans politicians in 1929.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hale_Boggs&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="U.S._House">U.S. House</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hale_Boggs&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: U.S. House"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/United_States_Democratic_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Democratic Party">Democrat</a> running as an <a href="/wiki/Earl_Long" title="Earl Long">anti-Long</a> candidate in the <a href="/wiki/Louisiana%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Louisiana's 2nd congressional district">2nd congressional district</a>, Boggs defeated incumbent <a href="/wiki/Paul_H._Maloney" title="Paul H. Maloney">Paul H. Maloney</a> in the 1940 Democratic primary and won the general election unopposed. When he was sworn in he was, at 27, the youngest member of Congress. </p><p>His initial election was not without controversy; five of his political allies who served as <a href="/wiki/Orleans_Parish" class="mw-redirect" title="Orleans Parish">Orleans Parish</a> election commissioners were convicted of changing 97 votes for Boggs's Democratic primary opponents into votes for Boggs. The case, <i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Classic" title="United States v. Classic">United States v. Classic</a></i>, reached the Supreme Court, where it established the federal government's authority to regulate local primary elections, setting a key precedent for later <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil rights">civil rights</a> decisions.<sup id="cite_ref-Tushnet1994_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tushnet1994-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After an unsuccessful bid for renomination in 1942 against his predecessor Paul Maloney, Boggs joined the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a> as an <a href="/wiki/Ensign_(rank)" title="Ensign (rank)">ensign</a>. He served the remainder of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gubernatorial_bid">Gubernatorial bid</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hale_Boggs&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Gubernatorial bid"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the war, Boggs began his political comeback. He was again elected to Congress in 1946 (on Maloney's retirement) and was then re-elected thirteen times, once just after he disappeared, but before he was presumed dead. In 1951, Boggs launched an ill-fated campaign for <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Louisiana" title="Governor of Louisiana">governor of Louisiana</a>. Leading in the polls early in the campaign, he was soon put on the defensive when another candidate, <a href="/wiki/Lucille_May_Grace" title="Lucille May Grace">Lucille May Grace</a>, at the urging of long-time southeastern Louisiana <a href="/wiki/Political_boss" title="Political boss">political boss</a> <a href="/wiki/Leander_Perez" title="Leander Perez">Leander Perez</a>, questioned Boggs's membership in the <a href="/wiki/American_Student_Union" title="American Student Union">American Student Union</a> in the 1930s. By 1951, the ASU was thought to be a <a href="/wiki/Communist" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist">Communist</a> front. Boggs avoided the question and attacked both Grace and Perez for conducting a smear campaign against him. In his book, <i>The Big Lie</i>, author <a href="/wiki/Garry_Boulard" title="Garry Boulard">Garry Boulard</a> suggests strongly that Boggs was a member of the ASU but tried to cover up that fact in the different political climate of the early 1950s.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Boggs_Act_of_1952" class="mw-redirect" title="Boggs Act of 1952">Boggs Act of 1952</a>, sponsored by Hale Boggs, set harsh mandatory sentences for drug-related offenses. A first-offense conviction for marijuana possession carried a minimum sentence of 2 to 10 years with a fine of up to $20,000.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_House_elections">Later House elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hale_Boggs&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Later House elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hale_Boggs_on_24_September_1964_at_the_White_House,_from-_Warren_Commission_presenting_report_on_assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy_to_Lyndon_Johnson_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Hale_Boggs_on_24_September_1964_at_the_White_House%2C_from-_Warren_Commission_presenting_report_on_assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy_to_Lyndon_Johnson_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Hale_Boggs_on_24_September_1964_at_the_White_House%2C_from-_Warren_Commission_presenting_report_on_assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy_to_Lyndon_Johnson_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="272" data-file-height="340" /></a><figcaption>Boggs at the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> on September 24, 1964, as a member of the <a href="/wiki/Warren_Commission" title="Warren Commission">Warren Commission</a>, presenting their report on the <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Assassination of John F. Kennedy">assassination of President John F. Kennedy</a> to President <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_Johnson" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyndon Johnson">Lyndon Johnson</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LBJ-Boggs.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/LBJ-Boggs.jpg/220px-LBJ-Boggs.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/LBJ-Boggs.jpg/330px-LBJ-Boggs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/LBJ-Boggs.jpg/440px-LBJ-Boggs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1330" /></a><figcaption>President <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> with House Majority Whip Boggs in May 1968</figcaption></figure> <p>During his tenure in Congress, Boggs was an influential member. After <i><a href="/wiki/Brown_v._Board_of_Education" title="Brown v. Board of Education">Brown v. Board of Education</a></i>, he signed the 1956 <a href="/wiki/Southern_Manifesto" title="Southern Manifesto">Southern Manifesto</a> condemning desegregation. Boggs voted against the <a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1957" title="Civil Rights Act of 1957">Civil Rights Acts of 1957</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1960" title="Civil Rights Act of 1960">1960</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964" title="Civil Rights Act of 1964">1964</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but voted in favor of the <a href="/wiki/Voting_Rights_Act_of_1965" title="Voting Rights Act of 1965">Voting Rights Act of 1965</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1968" title="Civil Rights Act of 1968">Civil Rights Act of 1968</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was instrumental in passage of the <a href="/wiki/Interstate_highway" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate highway">interstate highway</a> program in 1956. </p><p>Boggs was the youngest member of the <a href="/wiki/Warren_Commission" title="Warren Commission">Warren Commission</a>, which, from 1963 to 1964, investigated the <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Assassination of John F. Kennedy">assassination of John F. Kennedy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Chicago_Tribune;_September_28,_1964_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chicago_Tribune;_September_28,_1964-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Boggs has been reported to have differing positions regarding the Warren report. Based upon Office of the House Historian and Clerk of the House Office of Art and Archives, Politico reports that "Boggs dissented from the commission's majority report which supported the single bullet thesis — pointing to a lone assassin. Boggs said he "had strong doubts about it".<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But in a 1966 appearance on <i><a href="/wiki/Face_the_Nation" title="Face the Nation">Face the Nation</a></i>, Boggs defended the commission's findings and stated that he did not doubt that <a href="/wiki/Lee_Harvey_Oswald" title="Lee Harvey Oswald">Lee Harvey Oswald</a> killed Kennedy.<sup id="cite_ref-Lodi_News-Sentinel;_November_28,_1966_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lodi_News-Sentinel;_November_28,_1966-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sarasota_Journal;_November_28,_1966_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sarasota_Journal;_November_28,_1966-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He said that all the evidence indicated that Kennedy was shot from behind and that the argument that one bullet hit both Kennedy and <a href="/wiki/Texas_Governor" class="mw-redirect" title="Texas Governor">Texas Governor</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Connally" title="John Connally">John Connally</a> was "very persuasive".<sup id="cite_ref-Sarasota_Journal;_November_28,_1966_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sarasota_Journal;_November_28,_1966-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Boggs took issue with the assertions of Warren Commission critics and stated that it was "<a href="/wiki/Human_nature" title="Human nature">human nature</a>" that "many people would prefer to believe there was a conspiracy".<sup id="cite_ref-Lodi_News-Sentinel;_November_28,_1966_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lodi_News-Sentinel;_November_28,_1966-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sarasota_Journal;_November_28,_1966_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sarasota_Journal;_November_28,_1966-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is unknown why his position was stated in such opposite terms, but conspiracy theorists have pondered that difference as significant. In <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Stone" title="Oliver Stone">Oliver Stone</a>'s film <i><a href="/wiki/JFK" class="mw-redirect" title="JFK">JFK</a></i>, it is Sen. Russell Long who prompts <a href="/wiki/Jim_Garrison" title="Jim Garrison">Jim Garrison</a> the District Attorney of Orleans Parish to reopen his investigation into Lee Harvey Oswald's activities in New Orleans during the summer of 1963, beginning with association with David W. Ferrie and Guy Bannister. According to author Joan Mellen in her book <i>A Farewell to Justice</i>, Jim Garrison told her it was actually Boggs that prompted him to reopen his investigation into the assassination of the President. </p><p>In the 1979 novel "<a href="/wiki/The_Matarese_Circle" title="The Matarese Circle">The Matarese Circle</a>", author <a href="/wiki/Robert_Ludlum" title="Robert Ludlum">Robert Ludlum</a> portrayed Boggs as having been killed to stop his probe into the assassination.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He served as <a href="/wiki/House_Majority_Whip" class="mw-redirect" title="House Majority Whip">majority whip</a> from 1962 to 1971 and as majority leader from January 1971 to his disappearance. As the whip, he ushered much of President Johnson's <a href="/wiki/Great_Society" title="Great Society">Great Society</a> legislation through Congress. In late 1966, Boggs was asked to help the <a href="/wiki/AFL-NFL_merger" class="mw-redirect" title="AFL-NFL merger">AFL-NFL merger</a> by having the merged league receive an exemption from antitrust law sanctions. He helped get the merger attached to a bill that would get to a vote (as assisted by state senator <a href="/wiki/Russell_Long" class="mw-redirect" title="Russell Long">Russell Long</a>), which resulted in both a successful merger and a professional football team in Louisiana, which soon became known as the <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans_Saints" title="New Orleans Saints">New Orleans Saints</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On August 22, 1968, while Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Dean_Rusk" title="Dean Rusk">Dean Rusk</a> was testifying in a hearing concerning the Vietnam War, Boggs interrupted the session to announce the <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Czechoslovakia" class="mw-redirect" title="Invasion of Czechoslovakia">invasion of Czechoslovakia</a> by the troops of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>, after hearing of a recent Radio Prague broadcast telling the Czechoslovaks not to take any action against the occupying forces. That caused Secretary Rusk, who was previously unaware of the situation, to excuse himself immediately, mid-testimony, to attend to the issue of the invasion.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Source: <a href="/wiki/Walter_Cronkite" title="Walter Cronkite">Walter Cronkite</a>: <i>The Way It Was: The 1960s</i>) </p><p>In April 1971, he made a speech on the floor of the House in which he strongly attacked <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">Federal Bureau of Investigation</a> Director <a href="/wiki/J._Edgar_Hoover" title="J. Edgar Hoover">J. Edgar Hoover</a> and the whole of the FBI.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>That led to a conversation on April 6, 1971 between President <a href="/wiki/Richard_M._Nixon" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard M. Nixon">Richard M. Nixon</a> and the Republican minority leader, <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a>. Nixon said that he could no longer take counsel from Boggs as a senior member of Congress. In the recording of this call, Nixon asked Ford to arrange for the House delegation to include an alternative to Boggs. Ford speculated that Boggs was either drinking too much or taking pills that were upsetting him mentally.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On April 22, 1971, Boggs went even further: "Over the postwar years, we have granted to the elite and secret police within our system vast new powers over the lives and liberties of the people. At the request of the trusted and respected heads of those forces, and their appeal to the necessities of national security, we have exempted those grants of power from due accounting and strict surveillance."<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Disappearance_in_Alaska">Disappearance in Alaska</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hale_Boggs&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Disappearance in Alaska"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As majority leader, Boggs often campaigned for others, including Representative <a href="/wiki/Nick_Begich_Sr." title="Nick Begich Sr.">Nick Begich</a> of <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a>. On October 16, 1972, Boggs was aboard a twin engine <a href="/wiki/Cessna_310" title="Cessna 310">Cessna 310</a> with Representative Begich, who was facing a possible tight race in the November 1972 general election against the Republican candidate, <a href="/wiki/Don_Young" title="Don Young">Don Young</a>, when it disappeared during a flight from <a href="/wiki/Anchorage,_Alaska" title="Anchorage, Alaska">Anchorage</a> to <a href="/wiki/Juneau,_Alaska" title="Juneau, Alaska">Juneau</a>. Also on board were Begich's aide, Russell Brown; and the pilot, Don Jonz;<sup id="cite_ref-FamousMissing_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FamousMissing-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the four were heading to a campaign fundraiser for Begich. </p><p>The search for the missing aircraft and four men included the U.S. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard" title="United States Coast Guard">Coast Guard</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">Navy</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">Army</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">Air Force</a>, <a href="/wiki/Civil_Air_Patrol" title="Civil Air Patrol">Civil Air Patrol</a> and civilian fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters.<sup id="cite_ref-aar7301_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aar7301-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 3">: 3 </span></sup> </p><p>An Emergency position-indicating <a href="/wiki/Radio_beacon_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio beacon station">emergency locator transmitter</a> (ELT) was not required at this time. But this accident influenced the adoption of the ELT requirement in 1973.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>No emergency transmission signal determined to be from the plane was heard during the search. In its report on the incident, the <a href="/wiki/National_Transportation_Safety_Board" title="National Transportation Safety Board">National Transportation Safety Board</a> stated that the pilot's portable emergency transmitter, permissible in lieu of a fixed transmitter on the plane, was found in an aircraft at <a href="/wiki/Fairbanks" class="mw-redirect" title="Fairbanks">Fairbanks</a>. The report also notes that a witness saw an unidentified object in the pilot's briefcase that resembled, except for color, the portable emergency transmitter. The safety board concluded that neither the pilot nor aircraft had an emergency location transmitter.<sup id="cite_ref-aar7301_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aar7301-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 6–8">: 6–8 </span></sup> </p><p>On November 24, 1972, the search was suspended after 39 days. Neither the wreckage of the plane nor the pilot's and passengers' remains were ever found. After a hearing and seven-minute jury deliberation, his death certificate was signed by Judge <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Tyner" title="Dorothy Tyner">Dorothy Tyner</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-jury_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jury-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After Boggs and Begich were re-elected posthumously that November, House Resolution 1 of January 3, 1973, officially recognized Boggs's <a href="/wiki/Declared_death_in_absentia" class="mw-redirect" title="Declared death in absentia">presumed death</a> and opened the way for a <a href="/wiki/Special_election" class="mw-redirect" title="Special election">special election</a>. The same was done for Begich. </p><p>In summer 2020, Boggs's disappearance was investigated in a podcast produced by <a href="/wiki/IHeartMedia" title="IHeartMedia">iHeartMedia</a> called <i>Missing in Alaska</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hale_Boggs&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1973, Boggs's wife since 1938, <a href="/wiki/Lindy_Boggs" title="Lindy Boggs">Lindy</a>, was elected as a Democrat to the 93rd Congress, by special election, to the second district seat left vacant by her husband's death.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was reelected to the eight succeeding Congresses (March 20, 1973 – January 3, 1991) and retired after the 1990 election.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1997, President <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> appointed Lindy Boggs <a href="/wiki/U.S._Ambassador_to_the_Holy_See" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Ambassador to the Holy See">U.S. Ambassador to the Holy See</a>, in which capacity she served until 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hale and Lindy Boggs had four children: <a href="/wiki/Cokie_Roberts" title="Cokie Roberts">Cokie Roberts</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who was a U.S. TV and public-radio journalist and the wife of journalist <a href="/wiki/Steven_V._Roberts" title="Steven V. Roberts">Steven V. Roberts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hale_Boggs_Jr." title="Thomas Hale Boggs Jr.">Thomas Hale Boggs Jr.</a>, who was a <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>-based lawyer and lobbyist, <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Boggs_Sigmund" title="Barbara Boggs Sigmund">Barbara Boggs Sigmund</a>, who served as mayor of <a href="/wiki/Princeton,_New_Jersey" title="Princeton, New Jersey">Princeton, New Jersey</a>, and William Robertson Boggs, who died as an infant on December 28, 1946. In 1982, Sigmund lost a bid for the Democratic nomination for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senate</a> to <a href="/wiki/Frank_Lautenberg" title="Frank Lautenberg">Frank Lautenberg</a>. </p><p>Boggs was a practicing Roman Catholic.<sup id="cite_ref-Kennedy_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kennedy-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tributes">Tributes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hale_Boggs&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Tributes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Hale_Boggs_Memorial_Bridge" title="Hale Boggs Memorial Bridge">Hale Boggs Memorial Bridge</a>, which spans the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi River</a> in <a href="/wiki/St._Charles_Parish" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Charles Parish">St. Charles Parish</a>, is named in memory of the former congressman. The visitor center at <a href="/wiki/Portage_Glacier" title="Portage Glacier">Portage Glacier</a> in <a href="/wiki/Southcentral_Alaska" title="Southcentral Alaska">Southcentral Alaska</a> (located within <a href="/wiki/Chugach_National_Forest" title="Chugach National Forest">Chugach National Forest</a>) is named the Begich, Boggs Visitor Center. <a href="/wiki/Boggs_Peak" title="Boggs Peak">Boggs Peak</a> which is four miles north of the visitor center is also named for him. The <a href="/wiki/Hale_Boggs_Federal_Complex" title="Hale Boggs Federal Complex">Hale Boggs Federal Complex</a>, at 500 <a href="/wiki/Poydras_Street" title="Poydras Street">Poydras Street</a> in New Orleans, is also named after him. </p><p>In 1993, Boggs was among 13 politicians, past and present, inducted into the first class of the new <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Political_Museum_and_Hall_of_Fame" title="Louisiana Political Museum and Hall of Fame">Louisiana Political Museum and Hall of Fame</a> in <a href="/wiki/Winnfield,_Louisiana" title="Winnfield, Louisiana">Winnfield</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hale_Boggs&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output 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at sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Congress_members_who_died_in_office" title="List of United States Congress members who died in office">List of United States Congress members who died in office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_American_Legion" title="List of members of the American Legion">List of members of the American Legion</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hale_Boggs&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">As Boggs was missing and not officially declared dead until January, he formally retained an office after his disappearance.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hale_Boggs&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBoggsHatch1995" class="citation book cs1">Boggs, Lindy; Hatch, Katherine (December 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1Hdt--pIF38C&q=Josephine+Claire+Hale+boggs"><i>Washington Through a Purple Veil: Memoirs of a Southern Woman</i></a>. Ulverscroft Large Print Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780708958162" title="Special:BookSources/9780708958162"><bdi>9780708958162</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Washington+Through+a+Purple+Veil%3A+Memoirs+of+a+Southern+Woman&rft.pub=Ulverscroft+Large+Print+Books&rft.date=1995-12&rft.isbn=9780708958162&rft.aulast=Boggs&rft.aufirst=Lindy&rft.au=Hatch%2C+Katherine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1Hdt--pIF38C%26q%3DJosephine%2BClaire%2BHale%2Bboggs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHale+Boggs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitallibrary.tulane.edu/islandora/object/tulane:26834">"The courage of his convictions: Hale Boggs and civil rights | Tulane University Digital Library"</a>. <i>digitallibrary.tulane.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-07-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=digitallibrary.tulane.edu&rft.atitle=The+courage+of+his+convictions%3A+Hale+Boggs+and+civil+rights+%7C+Tulane+University+Digital+Library&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigitallibrary.tulane.edu%2Fislandora%2Fobject%2Ftulane%3A26834&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHale+Boggs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFerrellHaydel1994" class="citation journal cs1">Ferrell, Thomas H.; Haydel, Judith (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/4233145">"Hale and Lindy Boggs: Louisiana's National Democrats"</a>. <i>Louisiana History: The Journal of the Louisiana Historical Association</i>. <b>35</b> (4): 389–402. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0024-6816">0024-6816</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4233145">4233145</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Louisiana+History%3A+The+Journal+of+the+Louisiana+Historical+Association&rft.atitle=Hale+and+Lindy+Boggs%3A+Louisiana%27s+National+Democrats&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=389-402&rft.date=1994&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4233145%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0024-6816&rft.aulast=Ferrell&rft.aufirst=Thomas+H.&rft.au=Haydel%2C+Judith&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4233145&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHale+Boggs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tushnet1994-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tushnet1994_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMark_V._Tushnet1994" class="citation book cs1">Mark V. Tushnet (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=avxIqyUfRMAC&pg=PA103"><i>Making Civil Rights Law: Thurgood Marshall and the Supreme Court, 1936-1961</i></a>. Oxford University Press. pp. 103–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-508412-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-508412-2"><bdi>978-0-19-508412-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1154934309">1154934309</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Making+Civil+Rights+Law%3A+Thurgood+Marshall+and+the+Supreme+Court%2C+1936-1961&rft.pages=103-&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1154934309&rft.isbn=978-0-19-508412-2&rft.au=Mark+V.+Tushnet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DavxIqyUfRMAC%26pg%3DPA103&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHale+Boggs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/dope/etc/cron.html">"Marijuana timeline"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-07-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PBS&rft.atitle=Marijuana+timeline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwgbh%2Fpages%2Ffrontline%2Fshows%2Fdope%2Fetc%2Fcron.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHale+Boggs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/85-1957/h42">"HR 6127. Civil Rights Act of 1957"</a>. <i>GovTrack.us</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GovTrack.us&rft.atitle=HR+6127.+Civil+Rights+Act+of+1957.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.govtrack.us%2Fcongress%2Fvotes%2F85-1957%2Fh42&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHale+Boggs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/86-1960/h102">"HR 8601. Passage"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HR+8601.+Passage.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.govtrack.us%2Fcongress%2Fvotes%2F86-1960%2Fh102&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHale+Boggs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/88-1964/h128">"H.R. 7152. Passage"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=H.R.+7152.+Passage.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.govtrack.us%2Fcongress%2Fvotes%2F88-1964%2Fh128&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHale+Boggs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/89-1965/h87">"To Pass H.R. 6400, The 1965 Voting Rights Act"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=To+Pass+H.R.+6400%2C+The+1965+Voting+Rights+Act&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.govtrack.us%2Fcongress%2Fvotes%2F89-1965%2Fh87&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHale+Boggs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/90-1967/h113">"TO Pass H.R. 2516, A Bill to Establish Penalties for Interference With Civil Rights. Interference With a Person Engaged in One of the 8 Activities Protected Under This Bill Must Be Racially Motivated to Incur the Bill's Penalties"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TO+Pass+H.R.+2516%2C+A+Bill+to+Establish+Penalties+for+Interference+With+Civil+Rights.+Interference+With+a+Person+Engaged+in+One+of+the+8+Activities+Protected+Under+This+Bill+Must+Be+Racially+Motivated+to+Incur+the+Bill%27s+Penalties.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.govtrack.us%2Fcongress%2Fvotes%2F90-1967%2Fh113&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHale+Boggs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chicago_Tribune;_September_28,_1964-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Chicago_Tribune;_September_28,_1964_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1964/09/28/page/8/article/sketches-of-7-on-oswald-panel">"Sketches of 7 on Oswald Panel; General Counsel Rankin Plays Active Role"</a>. <i>Chicago Tribune</i>. Vol. 118, no. 272 (Final ed.). September 28, 1964. Section 1, page 8<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 15,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Sketches+of+7+on+Oswald+Panel%3B+General+Counsel+Rankin+Plays+Active+Role&rft.volume=118&rft.issue=272&rft.pages=Section+1%2C+page+8&rft.date=1964-09-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.chicagotribune.com%2F1964%2F09%2F28%2Fpage%2F8%2Farticle%2Fsketches-of-7-on-oswald-panel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHale+Boggs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=j6Z_LOsTRi8C&dq=%22had+strong+doubts+about+it%22+boggs&pg=PA141">The Effectiveness of Public Law 102-526, the President John F. Kennedy Assassination Records Collection Act of 1992</a> p. 141. Hearing Before the Legislation and National Security Subcommittee of the Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, First Session, November 17, 1993.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lodi_News-Sentinel;_November_28,_1966-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lodi_News-Sentinel;_November_28,_1966_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lodi_News-Sentinel;_November_28,_1966_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=JGgzAAAAIBAJ&pg=4904%2C4778000">"Another Member of The Warren Commission Defends Findings"</a>. <i>Lodi News-Sentinel</i>. Lodi, California. UPI. November 28, 1966. p. 8<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 26,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lodi+News-Sentinel&rft.atitle=Another+Member+of+The+Warren+Commission+Defends+Findings&rft.pages=8&rft.date=1966-11-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DJGgzAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D4904%252C4778000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHale+Boggs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sarasota_Journal;_November_28,_1966-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sarasota_Journal;_November_28,_1966_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sarasota_Journal;_November_28,_1966_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sarasota_Journal;_November_28,_1966_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=lxQhAAAAIBAJ&pg=7278%2C3847028">"Boggs Says Assassination Data Complete"</a>. <i>Sarasota Journal</i>. Sarasota, Florida. AP. November 28, 1966. p. 28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 26,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sarasota+Journal&rft.atitle=Boggs+Says+Assassination+Data+Complete&rft.pages=28&rft.date=1966-11-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DlxQhAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D7278%252C3847028&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHale+Boggs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/story/2016/10/hale-boggs-plane-vanishes-in-alaska-oct-16-1972-229692">"Hale Boggs' plane vanishes in Alaska: Oct. 16, 1972"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a></i>. 15 October 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Hale+Boggs%27+plane+vanishes+in+Alaska%3A+Oct.+16%2C+1972&rft.date=2016-10-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fstory%2F2016%2F10%2Fhale-boggs-plane-vanishes-in-alaska-oct-16-1972-229692&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHale+Boggs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nola.com/sports/saints/n-o-goes-pro-50-years-ago-the-birth-of-the-saints-made-new-orleans/article_973f4ba1-8653-53e7-a1d7-a57d128e5e63.html">"N.O. GOES PRO!: 50 years ago, the birth of the Saints made New Orleans a major sports town"</a>. November 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=N.O.+GOES+PRO%21%3A+50+years+ago%2C+the+birth+of+the+Saints+made+New+Orleans+a+major+sports+town&rft.date=2016-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nola.com%2Fsports%2Fsaints%2Fn-o-goes-pro-50-years-ago-the-birth-of-the-saints-made-new-orleans%2Farticle_973f4ba1-8653-53e7-a1d7-a57d128e5e63.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHale+Boggs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140909000318/http://www.history.com/speeches/soviets-invade-during-prague-spring#soviets-invade-during-prague-spring">"U.S. Receives News of Soviet Invasion of Czechoslovakia — History.com Audio"</a>. <i>History.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.com/speeches/soviets-invade-during-prague-spring#soviets-invade-during-prague-spring">the original</a> on 9 September 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=History.com&rft.atitle=U.S.+Receives+News+of+Soviet+Invasion+of+Czechoslovakia+%E2%80%94+History.com+Audio&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2Fspeeches%2Fsoviets-invade-during-prague-spring%23soviets-invade-during-prague-spring&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHale+Boggs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1971/04/06/archives/boggs-demands-that-hoover-quit-accuses-fbi-of-tapping-congressmens.html">"Boggs Demands That Hoover Quit"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. 6 April 1971.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Boggs+Demands+That+Hoover+Quit&rft.date=1971-04-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1971%2F04%2F06%2Farchives%2Fboggs-demands-that-hoover-quit-accuses-fbi-of-tapping-congressmens.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHale+Boggs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoodward2006" class="citation news cs1">Woodward, Bob (29 December 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304061450/http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/2006-12-29/news/0612281242_1_ford-s-white-house-iraq-mr-president/2">"Transcripts show Ford, Nixon were close allies"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Sun-Sentinel" class="mw-redirect" title="Sun-Sentinel">Sun-Sentinel</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Fort_Lauderdale,_Florida" title="Fort Lauderdale, Florida">Fort Lauderdale, Florida</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/2006-12-29/news/0612281242_1_ford-s-white-house-iraq-mr-president/2">the original</a> on 2016-03-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-12-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sun-Sentinel&rft.atitle=Transcripts+show+Ford%2C+Nixon+were+close+allies&rft.date=2006-12-29&rft.aulast=Woodward&rft.aufirst=Bob&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.sun-sentinel.com%2F2006-12-29%2Fnews%2F0612281242_1_ford-s-white-house-iraq-mr-president%2F2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHale+Boggs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHale_Boggs1971" class="citation speech cs1">Hale Boggs (April 22, 1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/92/crecb/1971/04/22/GPO-CRECB-1971-pt9-3-2.pdf"><i>Congressional record</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Speech). U.S. House of Representatives<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 14,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Congressional+record&rft.place=U.S.+House+of+Representatives&rft.date=1971-04-22&rft.au=Hale+Boggs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.congress.gov%2F92%2Fcrecb%2F1971%2F04%2F22%2FGPO-CRECB-1971-pt9-3-2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHale+Boggs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FamousMissing-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FamousMissing_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.check-six.com/lib/Famous_Missing/Boggs.htm">"Hale Boggs — Missing in Alaska"</a>. <i>Famous Missing Aircraft</i>. Check-Six<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-04-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Famous+Missing+Aircraft&rft.atitle=Hale+Boggs+%E2%80%94+Missing+in+Alaska&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.check-six.com%2Flib%2FFamous_Missing%2FBoggs.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHale+Boggs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aar7301-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-aar7301_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aar7301_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/AAR7301.pdf">"National Transportation Safety Board Report <i>NTSB-AAR-73-1, January 31, 1973; Aircraft Accident Report, Pan Alaska Airways, Ltd., Cessna 310C, N1812H, Missing Between Anchorage and Juneau, Alaska, October 16, 1972</i>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 12,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Transportation+Safety+Board+Report+NTSB-AAR-73-1%2C+January+31%2C+1973%3B+Aircraft+Accident+Report%2C+Pan+Alaska+Airways%2C+Ltd.%2C+Cessna+310C%2C+N1812H%2C+Missing+Between+Anchorage+and+Juneau%2C+Alaska%2C+October+16%2C+1972&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ntsb.gov%2Finvestigations%2FAccidentReports%2FReports%2FAAR7301.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHale+Boggs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aopa.org/advocacy/aircraft/aircraft-operations/emergency-locator-transmitters">"Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT)"</a>. <i>Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 12,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Aircraft+Owners+and+Pilots+Association&rft.atitle=Emergency+Locator+Transmitter+%28ELT%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aopa.org%2Fadvocacy%2Faircraft%2Faircraft-operations%2Femergency-locator-transmitters&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHale+Boggs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jury-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jury_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1973/02/08/79841082.html?pageNumber=46">"Alaska Jury Declares Bogg Died on Flight"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. February 8, 1973. p. 46.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Alaska+Jury+Declares+Bogg+Died+on+Flight&rft.pages=46&rft.date=1973-02-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1973%2F02%2F08%2F79841082.html%3FpageNumber%3D46&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHale+Boggs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.insideradio.com/podcastnewsdaily/new-podcast-missing-in-alaska-takes-on-50-year-old-mysterious-plane-disappearance/article_385c65e8-9b81-11ea-b5ae-bb39e1734444.html">"New Podcast 'Missing In Alaska' Takes On 50-Year-Old Mysterious Plane Disappearance"</a>. <i>Insideradio.com</i>. 21 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-07-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Insideradio.com&rft.atitle=New+Podcast+%27Missing+In+Alaska%27+Takes+On+50-Year-Old+Mysterious+Plane+Disappearance.&rft.date=2020-05-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.insideradio.com%2Fpodcastnewsdaily%2Fnew-podcast-missing-in-alaska-takes-on-50-year-old-mysterious-plane-disappearance%2Farticle_385c65e8-9b81-11ea-b5ae-bb39e1734444.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHale+Boggs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrean2020" class="citation web cs1">Brean, Henry (17 June 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tucson.com/news/local/new-podcast-explores-alaskan-mystery-with-tucson-twist/article_57f0c38f-d013-5fde-9e26-b452023f9e6c.html">"New podcast explores Alaskan mystery with Tucson twist"</a>. <i>Arizona Daily Star</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-07-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Arizona+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=New+podcast+explores+Alaskan+mystery+with+Tucson+twist&rft.date=2020-06-17&rft.aulast=Brean&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftucson.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fnew-podcast-explores-alaskan-mystery-with-tucson-twist%2Farticle_57f0c38f-d013-5fde-9e26-b452023f9e6c.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHale+Boggs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Boggs, Lindy, with Katherine Hatch. Washington Through a Purple Veil: Memoirs of a Southern Woman. New York: Harcourt Brace and Co., 1994.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ferrell, Thomas H., and Judith Haydel. "Hale and Lindy Boggs: Louisiana's National Democrats". <i>Louisiana History</i> 35 (Fall 1994): 389-402.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Boggs, Lindy, with Katherine Hatch. <i>Washington Through a Purple Veil: Memoirs of a Southern Woman</i>. New York: Harcourt Brace and Co., 1994.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lewis, Michael. Having Her Say at The See. (2000, June 4). <i>New York Times</i>, p. 662.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bobby Allyn and Scott Neuman, "Cokie Roberts, Pioneering Female Journalist Who Helped Shape NPR, Dies at 75," NPR, September 17, 2019, 10:31 AM ET</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kennedy-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kennedy_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoberts2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Cokie_Roberts" title="Cokie Roberts">Roberts, Cokie</a> (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=g6yQZpEOhrYC&pg=PA26">"Cokie Roberts"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Kerry_Kennedy" title="Kerry Kennedy">Kennedy, Kerry</a> (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=g6yQZpEOhrYC"><i>Being Catholic Now: Prominent Americans Talk about Change in the Church and the Quest for Meaning</i></a>. New York: Three Rivers Press. p. 26. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780307346858" title="Special:BookSources/9780307346858"><bdi>9780307346858</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Cokie+Roberts&rft.btitle=Being+Catholic+Now%3A+Prominent+Americans+Talk+about+Change+in+the+Church+and+the+Quest+for+Meaning&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=26&rft.pub=Three+Rivers+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9780307346858&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Cokie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dg6yQZpEOhrYC%26pg%3DPA26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHale+Boggs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li>Boulard, Garry (2001), <i>The Big Lie - Hale Boggs, Lucille May Grace and Leander Perez in 1951-52</i></li> <li>Maney, Patrick J. "Hale Boggs: The Southerner as National Democrat" in Raymond W Smock and Susan W Hammond, eds. <i>Masters of the House: Congressional Leadership Over Two Centuries</i> (1998) pp 33–62.</li> <li>Strahan, Randall. "Thomas Brackett Reed and the Rise of Party Government" in Raymond W Smock and Susan W Hammond, eds. <i>Masters of the House: Congressional Leadership Over Two Centuries</i> (1998) pp 223–259.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=b000594">"Boggs, Thomas Hale Sr. (1914–1972)"</a>. <i>Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-04-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Directory+of+the+United+States+Congress&rft.atitle=Boggs%2C+Thomas+Hale+Sr.+%281914%E2%80%931972%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbioguide.congress.gov%2Fscripts%2Fbiodisplay.pl%3Findex%3Db000594&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHale+Boggs" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hale_Boggs&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hale_Boggs" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Hale Boggs">Hale Boggs</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Hale_Boggs" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Hale Boggs">Hale Boggs</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_CongressB000594" class="citation web cs1">United States Congress. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B000594">"Hale Boggs (id: B000594)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Biographical Directory of the United States Congress">Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Directory+of+the+United+States+Congress&rft.atitle=Hale+Boggs+%28id%3A+B000594%29&rft.au=United+States+Congress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbioguide.congress.gov%2Fscripts%2Fbiodisplay.pl%3Findex%3DB000594&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHale+Boggs" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20011126063946/http://www.lbjlib.utexas.edu/johnson/archives.hom/oralhistory.hom/boggsh/boggsh.asp">Transcript, Hale Boggs Oral History Interview, 3/13/69, by T. H. Baker, Internet Copy, LBJ Library.</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a> Web Archives (archived 2001-11-26)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vault.fbi.gov/thomas-boggs">"Hale Boggs — Freedom of Information Privacy Act page"</a>. Federal Bureau of Investigation.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hale+Boggs+%E2%80%94+Freedom+of+Information+Privacy+Act+page&rft.pub=Federal+Bureau+of+Investigation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvault.fbi.gov%2Fthomas-boggs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHale+Boggs" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.check-six.com/lib/Famous_Missing/Boggs.htm">Hale Boggs Telex — Debunked</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20011126063946/http://www.lbjlib.utexas.edu/johnson/archives.hom/oralhistory.hom/boggsh/boggsh.asp">Oral History Interviews with Hale Boggs, from the Lyndon Baines Johnson Library</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a> Web Archives (archived 2001-11-26)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?9262180">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="2">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Paul_H._Maloney" title="Paul H. Maloney">Paul H. Maloney</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Representatives_from_Louisiana" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States Representatives from Louisiana">U.S. House of Representatives</a><br />from <a href="/wiki/Louisiana%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Louisiana's 2nd congressional district">Louisiana's 2nd congressional district</a> </b><br />1941–1943 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Paul_H._Maloney" title="Paul H. Maloney">Paul H. Maloney</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Representatives_from_Louisiana" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States Representatives from Louisiana">U.S. House of Representatives</a><br />from <a href="/wiki/Louisiana%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Louisiana's 2nd congressional district">Louisiana's 2nd congressional district</a> </b><br />1947–1973 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Lindy_Boggs" title="Lindy Boggs">Lindy Boggs</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Mansfield" title="Mike Mansfield">Mike Mansfield</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Chair of the House Campaign Expenditures Committee </b><br />1951–1953 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/C._W._Bishop" title="C. W. Bishop">C. W. Bishop</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="2">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Albert" title="Carl Albert">Carl Albert</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives">House Majority Whip</a> </b><br />1962–1971 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Tip_O%27Neill" title="Tip O'Neill">Tip O'Neill</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives">House Majority Leader</a> </b><br />1971–1973 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="2">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Albert" title="Carl Albert">Carl Albert</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives">House Democratic Deputy Leader</a> </b><br />1962–1971 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Tip_O%27Neill" title="Tip O'Neill">Tip O'Neill</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives">House Democratic Leader</a> </b><br />1971–1973 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Mansfield" title="Mike Mansfield">Mike Mansfield</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Response_to_the_State_of_the_Union_address" title="Response to the State of the Union address">Response to the State of the Union address</a> </b><br />1972 <br />Served alongside: <b><a href="/wiki/Carl_Albert" title="Carl Albert">Carl Albert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Bentsen" title="Lloyd Bentsen">Lloyd Bentsen</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Brademas" title="John Brademas">John Brademas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frank_Church" title="Frank Church">Frank Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Eagleton" title="Thomas Eagleton">Thomas Eagleton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martha_Griffiths" title="Martha Griffiths">Martha Griffiths</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Melcher" title="John Melcher">John Melcher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Metcalfe" title="Ralph Metcalfe">Ralph Metcalfe</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Proxmire" title="William Proxmire">William Proxmire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leonor_Sullivan" title="Leonor Sullivan">Leonor Sullivan</a></b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Vacant</b><div style="font-size:90%">Title next held by</div><b><a href="/wiki/Mike_Mansfield" title="Mike Mansfield">Mike Mansfield</a> </b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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aria-labelledby="Members_of_the_Warren_Commission" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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title="Special:EditPage/Template:WarrenCommission"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Members_of_the_Warren_Commission" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Warren_Commission" title="Warren Commission">Members of the Warren Commission</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Warren" title="Earl Warren">Earl Warren</a> (Chairman)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hale Boggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sherman_Cooper" title="John Sherman Cooper">John Sherman Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_Welsh_Dulles" class="mw-redirect" title="Allen Welsh Dulles">Allen Dulles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._McCloy" title="John J. McCloy">John J. McCloy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Russell_Jr." title="Richard Russell Jr.">Richard Russell Jr.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Majority_leaders_of_the_U.S._House_of_Representatives" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_House_majority_leaders" title="Template:US House majority leaders"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_House_majority_leaders" title="Template talk:US House majority leaders"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_House_majority_leaders" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US House majority leaders"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Majority_leaders_of_the_U.S._House_of_Representatives" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives">Majority leaders of the U.S. House of Representatives</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sereno_E._Payne" title="Sereno E. Payne">Payne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Underwood" title="Oscar Underwood">Underwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Kitchin" title="Claude Kitchin">Kitchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Wheeler_Mondell" class="mw-redirect" title="Frank Wheeler Mondell">Mondell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Longworth" title="Nicholas Longworth">Longworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Q._Tilson" title="John Q. Tilson">Tilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Thomas_Rainey" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Thomas Rainey">Rainey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_W._Byrns_Sr." class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph W. Byrns Sr.">Byrns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Bankhead" title="William B. Bankhead">Bankhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Rayburn" title="Sam Rayburn">Rayburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._McCormack" title="John W. McCormack">McCormack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_A._Halleck" title="Charles A. Halleck">Halleck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._McCormack" title="John W. McCormack">McCormack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_A._Halleck" title="Charles A. Halleck">Halleck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._McCormack" title="John W. McCormack">McCormack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Albert" title="Carl Albert">Albert</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Boggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tip_O%27Neill" title="Tip O'Neill">O'Neill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Wright" title="Jim Wright">Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Foley" title="Tom Foley">Foley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Gephardt" title="Dick Gephardt">Gephardt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Armey" title="Dick Armey">Armey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_DeLay" title="Tom DeLay">DeLay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Blunt" title="Roy Blunt">Blunt</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Boehner" title="John Boehner">Boehner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steny_Hoyer" title="Steny Hoyer">Hoyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Cantor" title="Eric Cantor">Cantor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_McCarthy" title="Kevin McCarthy">McCarthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steny_Hoyer" title="Steny Hoyer">Hoyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Scalise" title="Steve Scalise">Scalise</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the United States House of Representatives"><img alt="Seal of the United States House of Representatives" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/60px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/90px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Democratic_Party_leaders_in_the_U.S._House_of_Representatives" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_House_Democratic_leaders" title="Template:US House Democratic leaders"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_House_Democratic_leaders" title="Template talk:US House Democratic leaders"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_House_Democratic_leaders" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US House Democratic leaders"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Democratic_Party_leaders_in_the_U.S._House_of_Representatives" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives">Democratic Party leaders in the U.S. House of Representatives</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_W._Bailey" title="Joseph W. Bailey">Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_D._Richardson" title="James D. Richardson">Richardson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sharp_Williams" title="John Sharp Williams">Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champ_Clark" title="Champ Clark">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Underwood" title="Oscar Underwood">Underwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Kitchin" title="Claude Kitchin">Kitchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champ_Clark" title="Champ Clark">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Kitchin" title="Claude Kitchin">Kitchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finis_J._Garrett" title="Finis J. Garrett">Garrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Nance_Garner" title="John Nance Garner">Garner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Thomas_Rainey" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Thomas Rainey">Rainey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo_Byrns" title="Jo Byrns">Byrns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Bankhead" title="William B. Bankhead">Bankhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Rayburn" title="Sam Rayburn">Rayburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._McCormack" title="John W. McCormack">McCormack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Rayburn" title="Sam Rayburn">Rayburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._McCormack" title="John W. McCormack">McCormack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Rayburn" title="Sam Rayburn">Rayburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._McCormack" title="John W. McCormack">McCormack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Albert" title="Carl Albert">Albert</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Boggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tip_O%27Neill" title="Tip O'Neill">O'Neill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Wright" title="Jim Wright">Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Foley" title="Tom Foley">Foley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Gephardt" title="Dick Gephardt">Gephardt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Pelosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steny_Hoyer" title="Steny Hoyer">Hoyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Pelosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steny_Hoyer" title="Steny Hoyer">Hoyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakeem_Jeffries" title="Hakeem Jeffries">Jeffries</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the United States House of Representatives"><img alt="Seal of the United States House of Representatives" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/60px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/90px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Majority_whips_of_the_U.S._House_of_Representatives" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_House_majority_whips" title="Template:US House majority whips"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_House_majority_whips" title="Template talk:US House majority whips"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_House_majority_whips" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US House majority whips"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Majority_whips_of_the_U.S._House_of_Representatives" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives">Majority whips of the U.S. House of Representatives</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Albertus_Tawney" class="mw-redirect" title="James Albertus Tawney">Tawney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_E._Watson" title="James E. Watson">Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wilbur_Dwight" title="John Wilbur Dwight">Dwight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Montgomery_Bell" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Montgomery Bell">Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Knutson" title="Harold Knutson">Knutson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Henry_Vestal" title="Albert Henry Vestal">Vestal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McDuffie" title="John McDuffie">McDuffie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_H._Greenwood" title="Arthur H. Greenwood">Greenwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_J._Boland" title="Patrick J. Boland">Boland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Ramspeck" title="Robert Ramspeck">Ramspeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sparkman" title="John Sparkman">Sparkman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_C._Arends" title="Leslie C. Arends">Arends</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percy_Priest" title="Percy Priest">Priest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_C._Arends" title="Leslie C. Arends">Arends</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Albert" title="Carl Albert">Albert</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Boggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tip_O%27Neill" title="Tip O'Neill">O'Neill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._McFall" title="John J. McFall">McFall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Brademas" title="John Brademas">Brademas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Foley" title="Tom Foley">Foley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Coelho" title="Tony Coelho">Coelho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Gray_III" title="William H. Gray III">Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Bonior" title="David Bonior">Bonior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_DeLay" title="Tom DeLay">DeLay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Blunt" title="Roy Blunt">Blunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Clyburn" title="Jim Clyburn">Clyburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_McCarthy" title="Kevin McCarthy">McCarthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Scalise" title="Steve Scalise">Scalise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Clyburn" title="Jim Clyburn">Clyburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Emmer" title="Tom Emmer">Emmer</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the United States House of Representatives"><img alt="Seal of the United States House of Representatives" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/60px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/90px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Democratic_Party_whips_of_the_U.S._House_of_Representatives" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_House_Democratic_whips" title="Template:US House Democratic whips"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_House_Democratic_whips" title="Template talk:US House Democratic whips"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_House_Democratic_whips" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US House Democratic whips"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Democratic_Party_whips_of_the_U.S._House_of_Representatives" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Party_whips_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="Party whips of the United States House of Representatives">Democratic Party whips of the U.S. House of Representatives</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Underwood" title="Oscar Underwood">Underwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Tilghman_Lloyd" class="mw-redirect" title="James Tilghman Lloyd">Lloyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Montgomery_Bell" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Montgomery Bell">Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Allan_Oldfield" class="mw-redirect" title="William Allan Oldfield">Oldfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McDuffie" title="John McDuffie">McDuffie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_H._Greenwood" title="Arthur H. Greenwood">Greenwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_J._Boland" title="Patrick J. Boland">Boland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Ramspeck" title="Robert Ramspeck">Ramspeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sparkman" title="John Sparkman">Sparkman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._McCormack" title="John W. McCormack">McCormack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percy_Priest" title="Percy Priest">Priest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._McCormack" title="John W. McCormack">McCormack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Albert" title="Carl Albert">Albert</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Boggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tip_O%27Neill" title="Tip O'Neill">O'Neill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._McFall" title="John J. McFall">McFall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Brademas" title="John Brademas">Brademas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Foley" title="Tom Foley">Foley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Coelho" title="Tony Coelho">Coelho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Gray_III" title="William H. Gray III">Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Bonior" title="David Bonior">Bonior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Pelosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steny_Hoyer" title="Steny Hoyer">Hoyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Clyburn" title="Jim Clyburn">Clyburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steny_Hoyer" title="Steny Hoyer">Hoyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Clyburn" title="Jim Clyburn">Clyburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Clark" title="Katherine Clark">Clark</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the United States House of Representatives"><img alt="Seal of the United States House of Representatives" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/60px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/90px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Members_of_the_U.S._House_of_Representatives_from_Louisiana" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_representatives_from_Louisiana" title="Template:United States representatives from Louisiana"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_representatives_from_Louisiana" title="Template talk:United States representatives from Louisiana"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_representatives_from_Louisiana" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States representatives from Louisiana"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Members_of_the_U.S._House_of_Representatives_from_Louisiana" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Louisiana" title="List of United States representatives from Louisiana">Members of the U.S. House of Representatives from Louisiana</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Louisiana01 !"><a href="/wiki/Louisiana%27s_1st_congressional_district" title="Louisiana's 1st congressional district">1st district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Livingston" title="Edward Livingston">E. Livingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_D._White_Sr." title="Edward D. White Sr.">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Johnson_(Louisiana_politician)" title="Henry Johnson (Louisiana politician)">H. Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_D._White_Sr." title="Edward D. White Sr.">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Slidell" title="John Slidell">Slidell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emile_La_S%C3%A9re" title="Emile La Sére">La Sére</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_St._Martin" title="Louis St. Martin">St. Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Dunbar_(politician)" title="William Dunbar (politician)">Dunbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Eustis_Jr." title="George Eustis Jr.">Eustis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Edward_Bouligny" title="John Edward Bouligny">Bouligny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Hale_Sypher" title="J. Hale Sypher">Sypher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effingham_Lawrence" title="Effingham Lawrence">Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randall_L._Gibson" title="Randall L. Gibson">Gibson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carleton_Hunt" title="Carleton Hunt">Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_St._Martin" title="Louis St. Martin">St. Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_S._Wilkinson_(politician)" title="Theodore S. Wilkinson (politician)">Wilkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolph_Meyer" title="Adolph Meyer">Meyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Estopinal" title="Albert Estopinal">Estopinal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_O%27Connor_(Louisiana_politician)" title="James O'Connor (Louisiana politician)">O'Connor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_O._Fern%C3%A1ndez" title="Joachim O. Fernández">Fernández</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._Edward_H%C3%A9bert" title="F. Edward Hébert">Hébert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_A._Tonry" title="Richard A. Tonry">Tonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Livingston" title="Bob Livingston">B. Livingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Vitter" title="David Vitter">Vitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Jindal" title="Bobby Jindal">Jindal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Scalise" title="Steve Scalise">Scalise</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="10" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/100px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/200px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></span></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Flag_of_Louisiana.svg/100px-Flag_of_Louisiana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Flag_of_Louisiana.svg/150px-Flag_of_Louisiana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Flag_of_Louisiana.svg/200px-Flag_of_Louisiana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="7040" data-file-height="4556" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Louisiana02 !"><a href="/wiki/Louisiana%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Louisiana's 2nd congressional district">2nd district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_H._Gurley" title="Henry H. Gurley">Gurley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philemon_Thomas" title="Philemon Thomas">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleazer_W._Ripley" title="Eleazer W. Ripley">Ripley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_W._Chinn" title="Thomas W. Chinn">Chinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bennett_Dawson" title="John Bennett Dawson">Dawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alc%C3%A9e_Louis_la_Branche" title="Alcée Louis la Branche">la Branche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bannon_G._Thibodeaux" title="Bannon G. Thibodeaux">Thibodeaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Magill_Conrad" title="Charles Magill Conrad">Conrad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_A._Bullard" title="Henry A. Bullard">Bullard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Aristide_Landry" title="Joseph Aristide Landry">J. A. Landry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_G._Hunt" title="Theodore G. Hunt">Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Taylor_(politician)" title="Miles Taylor (politician)">Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Mann_(1822%E2%80%931868)" title="James Mann (1822–1868)">Mann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lionel_Allen_Sheldon" title="Lionel Allen Sheldon">Sheldon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._John_Ellis" title="E. John Ellis">Ellis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Hahn" title="Michael Hahn">Hahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_D._Wallace" title="Nathaniel D. Wallace">Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_D._Lagan" title="Matthew D. Lagan">Lagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_D._Coleman" title="Hamilton D. Coleman">Coleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_D._Lagan" title="Matthew D. Lagan">Lagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_C._Davey" title="Robert C. Davey">Davey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_F._Buck" title="Charles F. Buck">Buck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_C._Davey" title="Robert C. Davey">Davey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_L._Gilmore" title="Samuel L. Gilmore">Gilmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._Garland_Dupr%C3%A9" title="H. Garland Dupré">Dupré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Z._Spearing" title="James Z. Spearing">Spearing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_H._Maloney" title="Paul H. Maloney">Maloney</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">H. Boggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_H._Maloney" title="Paul H. Maloney">Maloney</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">H. Boggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindy_Boggs" title="Lindy Boggs">L. Boggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Jefferson_(politician)" title="William Jefferson (politician)">Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Cao" title="Joseph Cao">Cao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedric_Richmond" title="Cedric Richmond">Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troy_Carter_(politician)" title="Troy Carter (politician)">Carter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Louisiana03 !"><a href="/wiki/Louisiana%27s_3rd_congressional_district" title="Louisiana's 3rd congressional district">3rd district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_L._Brent" title="William L. Brent">Brent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Hampden_Overton" title="Walter Hampden Overton">Overton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_A._Bullard" title="Henry A. Bullard">Bullard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_Garland" title="Rice Garland">Garland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Moore_(Louisiana_politician)" title="John Moore (Louisiana politician)">J. Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bennett_Dawson" title="John Bennett Dawson">Dawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_H._Harmanson" title="John H. Harmanson">Harmanson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_G._Penn" title="Alexander G. Penn">Penn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Perkins_Jr." title="John Perkins Jr.">Perkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_G._Davidson" title="Thomas G. Davidson">Davidson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_P._Newsham" title="Joseph P. Newsham">Newsham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chester_Bidwell_Darrall" title="Chester Bidwell Darrall">Darrall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_H._Acklen" title="Joseph H. Acklen">Acklen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chester_Bidwell_Darrall" title="Chester Bidwell Darrall">Darrall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Pitt_Kellogg" title="William Pitt Kellogg">Kellogg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_J._Gay_(politician,_born_1816)" title="Edward J. Gay (politician, born 1816)">Gay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Price_(politician)" title="Andrew Price (politician)">Price</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Broussard" title="Robert F. Broussard">Broussard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitmell_P._Martin" title="Whitmell P. Martin">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numa_F._Montet" title="Numa F. Montet">Montet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_L._Mouton" title="Robert L. Mouton">Mouton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_R._Domengeaux" title="James R. Domengeaux">Domengeaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_E._Willis" title="Edwin E. Willis">Willis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_T._Caffery" title="Patrick T. Caffery">Caffery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Treen" title="Dave Treen">Treen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Tauzin" title="Billy Tauzin">Tauzin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Melan%C3%A7on" title="Charlie Melançon">Melançon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Landry" title="Jeff Landry">J. M. Landry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Boustany" title="Charles Boustany">Boustany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clay_Higgins" title="Clay Higgins">Higgins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Louisiana04 !"><a href="/wiki/Louisiana%27s_4th_congressional_district" title="Louisiana's 4th congressional district">4th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Bossier" title="Pierre Bossier">Bossier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_E._Morse" title="Isaac E. Morse">Morse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Moore_(Louisiana_politician)" title="John Moore (Louisiana politician)">J. Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roland_Jones" title="Roland Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Sandidge" title="John M. Sandidge">Sandidge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Landrum" title="John M. Landrum">Landrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Vidal" title="Michel Vidal">Vidal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_P._Newsham" title="Joseph P. Newsham">Newsham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_McCleery" title="James McCleery">McCleery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Boarman" title="Alexander Boarman">Boarman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Luke_Smith" title="George Luke Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_M._Levy" title="William M. Levy">Levy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Barton_Elam" title="Joseph Barton Elam">Elam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newton_C._Blanchard" title="Newton C. Blanchard">Blanchard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Warren_Ogden" title="Henry Warren Ogden">Ogden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phanor_Breazeale" title="Phanor Breazeale">Breazeale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_T._Watkins" title="John T. Watkins">Watkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_N._Sandlin" title="John N. Sandlin">Sandlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overton_Brooks" title="Overton Brooks">Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Waggonner" title="Joe Waggonner">Waggonner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_Leach" title="Buddy Leach">Leach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_Roemer" title="Buddy Roemer">Roemer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_McCrery" title="Jim McCrery">McCrery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleo_Fields" title="Cleo Fields">Fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_McCrery" title="Jim McCrery">McCrery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Fleming_(American_politician)" title="John Fleming (American politician)">Fleming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Johnson" title="Mike Johnson">M. Johnson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Louisiana05 !"><a href="/wiki/Louisiana%27s_5th_congressional_district" title="Louisiana's 5th congressional district">5th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/W._Jasper_Blackburn" title="W. Jasper Blackburn">Blackburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Morey" title="Frank Morey">Morey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Spencer" title="William B. Spencer">Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_E._Leonard" title="John E. Leonard">Leonard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Smith_Young" title="J. Smith Young">Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Floyd_King" title="J. Floyd King">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherubusco_Newton" title="Cherubusco Newton">Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_J._Boatner" title="Charles J. Boatner">Boatner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_T._Baird" title="Samuel T. Baird">Baird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_E._Ransdell" title="Joseph E. Ransdell">Ransdell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Walter_Elder" title="James Walter Elder">Elder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riley_J._Wilson" title="Riley J. Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newt_V._Mills" title="Newt V. Mills">Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_E._McKenzie" title="Charles E. McKenzie">McKenzie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Passman" title="Otto Passman">Passman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Huckaby" title="Jerry Huckaby">Huckaby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_McCrery" title="Jim McCrery">McCrery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cooksey" title="John Cooksey">Cooksey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodney_Alexander" title="Rodney Alexander">Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vance_McAllister" title="Vance McAllister">McAllister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Abraham_(politician)" title="Ralph Abraham (politician)">Abraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Letlow" title="Julia Letlow">Letlow</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Louisiana06 !"><a href="/wiki/Louisiana%27s_6th_congressional_district" title="Louisiana's 6th congressional district">6th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Nash" title="Charles E. Nash">Nash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_White_Robertson" title="Edward White Robertson">E. Robertson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_T._Lewis_(politician)" title="Edward T. Lewis (politician)">Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Briggs_Irion" title="Alfred Briggs Irion">Irion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_White_Robertson" title="Edward White Robertson">E. Robertson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_M._Robertson" title="Samuel M. Robertson">S. Robertson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_K._Favrot" title="George K. Favrot">Favrot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Charles_Wickliffe" title="Robert Charles Wickliffe">Wickliffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_L._Morgan" title="Lewis L. Morgan">Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jared_Y._Sanders_Sr." title="Jared Y. Sanders Sr.">Sanders Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_K._Favrot" title="George K. Favrot">Favrot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivar_E._Kemp" title="Bolivar E. Kemp">Kemp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jared_Y._Sanders_Jr." title="Jared Y. Sanders Jr.">Sanders Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_K._Griffith" title="John K. Griffith">Griffith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jared_Y._Sanders_Jr." title="Jared Y. Sanders Jr.">Sanders Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_H._Morrison" title="James H. Morrison">Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Rarick" title="John Rarick">Rarick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henson_Moore" title="Henson Moore">H. Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Baker_(American_politician)" title="Richard Baker (American politician)">Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Cazayoux" title="Don Cazayoux">Cazayoux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Cassidy" title="Bill Cassidy">Cassidy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garret_Graves" title="Garret Graves">Graves</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Louisiana07 !"><a href="/wiki/Louisiana%27s_7th_congressional_district" title="Louisiana's 7th congressional district">7th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ars%C3%A8ne_Pujo" title="Arsène Pujo">Pujo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladislas_Lazaro" title="Ladislas Lazaro">Lazaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_L._De_Rouen" title="René L. De Rouen">De Rouen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vance_Plauch%C3%A9" title="Vance Plauché">Plauché</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_D._Larcade_Jr." title="Henry D. Larcade Jr.">Larcade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._Ashton_Thompson" title="T. Ashton Thompson">Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Edwards" title="Edwin Edwards">Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Breaux" title="John Breaux">Breaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Hayes" title="Jimmy Hayes">Hayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_John_(politician)" title="Chris John (politician)">John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Boustany" title="Charles Boustany">Boustany</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Louisiana08 !"><a href="/wiki/Louisiana%27s_8th_congressional_district" title="Louisiana's 8th congressional district">8th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Benjamin_Aswell" title="James Benjamin Aswell">Aswell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_H._Overton" title="John H. Overton">Overton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Dear" title="Cleveland Dear">Dear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Leonard_Allen" title="A. Leonard Allen">Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_S._Long" title="George S. Long">G. S. "Doc" Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_B._McSween" title="Harold B. McSween">McSween</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gillis_William_Long" title="Gillis William Long">G. W. Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speedy_Long" title="Speedy Long">S. Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gillis_William_Long" title="Gillis William Long">G. W. Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Small_Long" title="Catherine Small Long">C. Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clyde_C._Holloway" title="Clyde C. Holloway">Holloway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="LouisianaAL !"><a href="/wiki/Louisiana%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Louisiana's at-large congressional district">At-large</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_B._Robertson" title="Thomas B. Robertson">Robertson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Butler_(Louisiana_politician)" title="Thomas Butler (Louisiana politician)">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_S._Johnston" title="Josiah S. Johnston">Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_A._Sheridan" title="George A. Sheridan">Sheridan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Orleans TerritoryAL !"><a href="/wiki/Orleans_Territory%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Orleans Territory's at-large congressional district">Territory</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Clark_(Louisiana_politician)" title="Daniel Clark (Louisiana politician)">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julien_de_Lallande_Poydras" title="Julien de Lallande Poydras">Poydras</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Louisiana_Political_Museum_and_Hall_of_Fame" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Louisiana_Political_Museum_and_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template:Louisiana Political Museum and Hall of Fame"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Louisiana_Political_Museum_and_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template talk:Louisiana Political Museum and Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Louisiana_Political_Museum_and_Hall_of_Fame" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Louisiana Political Museum and Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Louisiana_Political_Museum_and_Hall_of_Fame" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Political_Museum_and_Hall_of_Fame" title="Louisiana Political Museum and Hall of Fame">Louisiana Political Museum and Hall of Fame</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="1990s" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1990s</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1993</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hale Boggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_C._C._Claiborne" title="William C. C. Claiborne">William C. C. Claiborne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmie_Davis" title="Jimmie Davis">Jimmie Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pap_Dean&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pap Dean (page does not exist)">Pap Dean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Edwards" title="Edwin Edwards">Edwin Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dudley_LeBlanc" class="mw-redirect" title="Dudley LeBlanc">Dudley LeBlanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Long" title="Earl Long">Earl Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huey_Long" title="Huey Long">Huey Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_B._Long" title="Russell B. Long">Russell B. Long</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1994</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A._Leonard_Allen" title="A. Leonard Allen">A. Leonard Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindy_Boggs" title="Lindy Boggs">Lindy Boggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Bussie" title="Victor Bussie">Victor Bussie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_J._Ellender" title="Allen J. Ellender">Allen J. Ellender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gillis_William_Long" title="Gillis William Long">Gillis William Long</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1995</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Camille_Gravel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Camille Gravel (page does not exist)">Camille Gravel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sam_Hanna_Sr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sam Hanna Sr. (page does not exist)">Sam Hanna Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeLesseps_Story_Morrison" title="DeLesseps Story Morrison">deLesseps Story Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor">Zachary Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Douglass_White" title="Edward Douglass White">Edward Douglass White</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1996</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Berry" title="Louis Berry">Louis Berry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Carville" title="James Carville">James Carville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Evelyn_Parker" title="Mary Evelyn Parker">Mary Evelyn Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leander_Perez" title="Leander Perez">Leander Perez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gus_Weill" title="Gus Weill">Gus Weill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1997</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_K._Allen" title="Oscar K. Allen">Oscar K. Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murphy_J._Foster" title="Murphy J. Foster">Murphy J. Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Bennett_Johnston" title="J. Bennett Johnston">J. Bennett Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melinda_Schwegmann" title="Melinda Schwegmann">Melinda Schwegmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Treen" title="Dave Treen">David C. Treen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1998</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speedy_Long" title="Speedy Long">Speedy Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_H._Overton" title="John H. Overton">John H. Overton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Waggonner" title="Joe Waggonner">Joe Waggonner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._Harry_Williams" title="T. Harry Williams">T. Harry Williams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cat_Doucet" title="Cat Doucet">Cat Doucet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Fitzmorris" title="Jimmy Fitzmorris">Jimmy Fitzmorris</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_Fowler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Douglas Fowler (page does not exist)">Douglas Fowler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iris_Kelso" title="Iris Kelso">Iris Kelso</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ed_Renwick&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ed Renwick (page does not exist)">Ed Renwick</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2000s" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2000s</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Caffery" title="Jefferson Caffery">Jefferson Caffery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Jefferson" class="mw-redirect" title="William J. Jefferson">William J. Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeannette_Knoll" title="Jeannette Knoll">Jeannette Knoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_D._Long" title="Jimmy D. Long">Jimmy D. Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_Roemer" title="Buddy Roemer">Buddy Roemer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wiley_W._Hilburn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wiley W. Hilburn (page does not exist)">Wiley W. Hilburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennon" title="Robert F. Kennon">Robert F. Kennon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Lee_(sheriff)" title="Harry Lee (sheriff)">Harry Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_McSween" class="mw-redirect" title="Harold McSween">Harold McSween</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wade_O._Martin_Jr." title="Wade O. Martin Jr.">Wade O. Martin Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_H._Schiro" title="Victor H. Schiro">Victor H. Schiro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2002</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jesse_Bankston&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jesse Bankston (page does not exist)">Jesse Bankston</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kenny_Bowen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kenny Bowen (page does not exist)">Kenny Bowen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harley_Bozeman" title="Harley Bozeman">Harley Bozeman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burl_Cain" title="Burl Cain">Nathan Burl Cain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Dodd" title="Bill Dodd">Bill Dodd</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Grevemberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francis Grevemberg (page does not exist)">Francis Grevemberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hainkel" class="mw-redirect" title="John Hainkel">John Hainkel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henson_Moore" title="Henson Moore">Henson Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joe_Sampite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joe Sampite (page does not exist)">Joe Sampite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lillian_Walker_(politician)" title="Lillian Walker (politician)">Lillian Walker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2003</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Alario" title="John Alario">John Alario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Breaux" title="John Breaux">John Breaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Chevalier" title="Jay Chevalier">Jay Chevalier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Connick_Sr." title="Harry Connick Sr.">Harry Connick Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Foster_(American_politician)" title="Mike Foster (American politician)">Mike Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Huntoon" title="Carolyn Huntoon">Carolyn Huntoon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raymond_Laborde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raymond Laborde (page does not exist)">Raymond Laborde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Livingston" title="Bob Livingston">Bob Livingston</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Stalder&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Stalder (page does not exist)">Richard Stalder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Tauzin" title="Billy Tauzin">Billy Tauzin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2004</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Boles_(politician)" title="Billy Boles (politician)">Billy Boles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_W._DeWitt_Jr." title="Charles W. DeWitt Jr.">Charles W. DeWitt Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dudley_A._Guglielmo" title="Dudley A. Guglielmo">Dudley A. Guglielmo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_Landrieu" title="Moon Landrieu">Moon Landrieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_G._%22Sonny%22_Mouton_Jr." title="Edgar G. "Sonny" Mouton Jr.">Edgar G. "Sonny" Mouton Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doris_Lindsey_Holland_Rhodes" title="Doris Lindsey Holland Rhodes">Doris Lindsey Holland Rhodes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Shehee" title="Virginia Shehee">Virginia Shehee</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_Wardlaw&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jack Wardlaw (page does not exist)">Jack Wardlaw</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2005</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_W._Bates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert W. Bates (page does not exist)">Robert W. Bates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Roberto_Flores" title="Carlos Roberto Flores">Carlos Roberto Flores</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Flake_Flores&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mary Flake Flores (page does not exist)">Mary Flake Flores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Jordan_(attorney)" title="Eddie Jordan (attorney)">Eddie J. Jordan Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curtis_Joubert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Curtis Joubert (page does not exist)">Curtis Joubert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Boggs_Sigmund" title="Barbara Boggs Sigmund">Barbara Boggs Sigmund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_C._Thompson" title="Francis C. Thompson">Francis C. Thompson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2006</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Babineaux_Blanco" class="mw-redirect" title="Kathleen Babineaux Blanco">Kathleen Babineaux Blanco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Cook" title="Charlie Cook">Charlie Cook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvan_Friedman" title="Sylvan Friedman">Sylvan Friedman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_E._Hines" title="Donald E. Hines">Donald E. Hines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._Fox_McKeithen" title="W. Fox McKeithen">W. Fox McKeithen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cecil_J._Picard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cecil J. Picard (page does not exist)">Cecil J. Picard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vic_Stelly" title="Vic Stelly">Vic Stelly</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2007</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Bajoie" title="Diana Bajoie">Diana E. Bajoie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sally_Clausen" title="Sally Clausen">Sally Clausen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_deGravelles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles deGravelles (page does not exist)">Charles deGravelles</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virginia_deGravelles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Virginia deGravelles (page does not exist)">Virginia deGravelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunt_Downer" title="Hunt Downer">Hunt Downer</a></li> <li>Theodore "Ted" Jones</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Landrieu" title="Mary Landrieu">Mary Landrieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_O%27Keefe" title="Sean O'Keefe">Sean O'Keefe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2008</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Baker_(American_politician)" title="Richard Baker (American politician)">Richard Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Louis_Freeman_Sr." title="Robert Louis Freeman Sr.">Bobby Freeman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kip_Holden" title="Kip Holden">Melvin "Kip" Holden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Joseph" title="James A. Joseph">James A. Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_G._Kelly&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Donald G. Kelly (page does not exist)">Donald G. Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_LaPlante&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John LaPlante (page does not exist)">John LaPlante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Odom" title="Bob Odom">Bob Odom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ned_Randolph" title="Ned Randolph">Ned Randolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_R._Salter" class="mw-redirect" title="Joe R. Salter">Joe R. Salter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2009</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al_Ater" title="Al Ater">Al Ater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foster_Campbell" title="Foster Campbell">Foster Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_John_(politician)" title="Chris John (politician)">Chris John</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Lee_(Louisiana_politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter Lee (Louisiana politician) (page does not exist)">Walter Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessel_Ourso" title="Jessel Ourso">Jessel Ourso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_F._Taylor" title="Patrick F. Taylor">Patrick F. Taylor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2010s" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2010s</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rodney_Alexander" title="Rodney Alexander">Rodney Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Randy_Ewing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Randy Ewing (page does not exist)">Randy Ewing</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charlton_Lyons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charlton Lyons (page does not exist)">Charlton Lyons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_B._Nunez_Jr." title="Samuel B. Nunez Jr.">Samuel B. Nunez Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Nungesser_Sr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Nungesser Sr. (page does not exist)">William Nungesser</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Risley_C._Triche&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Risley C. Triche (page does not exist)">Risley C. Triche</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2011</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_H._Brown_(politician)" title="James H. Brown (politician)">James H. Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucille_May_Grace" title="Lucille May Grace">Lucille May Grace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_D._Kimball" title="Catherine D. Kimball">Catherine D. Kimball</a></li> <li>J. Kelly Nix</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Perlman" title="Ralph Perlman">Ralph Perlman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Smith_(Louisiana_lobbyist)" title="Charlie Smith (Louisiana lobbyist)">Charlie Smith</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2012</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fred_Baden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fred Baden (page does not exist)">Fred Baden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felix_Edward_H%C3%A9bert" class="mw-redirect" title="Felix Edward Hébert">Felix Edward Hébert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._L._Henry" title="E. L. Henry">E. L. Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Huckaby" title="Jerry Huckaby">Jerry Huckaby</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adras_LaBorde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adras LaBorde (page does not exist)">Adras LaBorde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Montgomery" title="Billy Montgomery">Billy Montgomery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2013</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_C._Barham" title="Charles C. Barham">Charles C. Barham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_J._Chabert" title="Leonard J. Chabert">Leonard J. Chabert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marty_J._Chabert" title="Marty J. Chabert">Marty J. Chabert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norby_Chabert" title="Norby Chabert">Norby Chabert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Dement" title="George Dement">George Dement</a></li> <li>Leonard R. "Pop" Hataway</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angelo_Roppolo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angelo Roppolo (page does not exist)">Angelo Roppolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Strother" title="Raymond Strother">Raymond Strother</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2014</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J._Marshall_Brown" title="J. Marshall Brown">J. Marshall Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bel_Edwards" title="John Bel Edwards">John Bel Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_B._Fournet" title="John B. Fournet">John B. Fournet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Guidry" title="Dick Guidry">Richard P. "Dick" Guidry</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_S._Hunt_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John S. Hunt II (page does not exist)">John S. Hunt II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_McConnell_Long" title="Rose McConnell Long">Rose McConnell Long</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Mann_(Louisiana_historian)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Mann (Louisiana historian) (page does not exist)">Robert "Bob" Mann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Peltier_Jr." title="Harvey Peltier Jr.">Harvey Peltier Jr.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2015</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peppi_Bruneau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peppi Bruneau (page does not exist)">Peppi Bruneau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_Caldwell" title="Buddy Caldwell">Buddy Caldwell</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juba_Diez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Juba Diez (page does not exist)">Juba Diez</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Noble_Ellington&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Noble Ellington (page does not exist)">Noble Ellington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Maginnis_(Louisiana_political_writer)" title="John Maginnis (Louisiana political writer)">John Maginnis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_A._Marvin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles A. Marvin (page does not exist)">Charles A. Marvin</a></li> <li>Scott family: <a href="/wiki/Albin_Provosty" title="Albin Provosty">Albin Provosty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nauman_Scott" title="Nauman Scott">Nauman Scott</a> and Jock Scott</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2016</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boysie_Bollinger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boysie Bollinger (page does not exist)">Boysie Bollinger</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Randy_K._Haynie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Randy K. Haynie (page does not exist)">Randy K. Haynie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Ieyoub" title="Richard Ieyoub">Richard Ieyoub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Houston_Jones" class="mw-redirect" title="Sam Houston Jones">Sam Houston Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Mamoulides&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Mamoulides (page does not exist)">John Mamoulides</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Braxton_Moody_III&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Braxton Moody III (page does not exist)">Braxton Moody III</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaliste_Saloom_Jr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaliste Saloom Jr. (page does not exist)">Kaliste Saloom Jr.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2017</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Jim Beam</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Dimos" title="Jimmy Dimos">Jimmy Dimos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._J._Jemison" title="T. J. Jemison">T. J. Jemison</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maurice_Mapes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maurice Mapes (page does not exist)">Maurice Mapes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dave_Norris_(Louisiana_politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dave Norris (Louisiana politician) (page does not exist)">Dave Norris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2018</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avery_Alexander" title="Avery Alexander">Avery Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Dardenne" title="Jay Dardenne">Jay Dardenne</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quentin_Dastugue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quentin Dastugue (page does not exist)">Quentin Dastugue</a></li> <li>James Gill</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_D._Lancaster_Jr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles D. Lancaster Jr. (page does not exist)">Charles D. Lancaster Jr.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2019</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Blanco" title="Raymond Blanco">Raymond Blanco</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marion_Edwards&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marion Edwards (page does not exist)">Marion Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Hardy_(politician)" title="Paul Hardy (politician)">Paul Hardy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ron_Gomez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ron Gomez (page does not exist)">Ron Gomez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Zuschlag" title="Richard Zuschlag">Richard Zuschlag</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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