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subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Publishing_and_advocacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publishing_and_advocacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Publishing and advocacy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Publishing_and_advocacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Jefferson_County_Union_and_Hoard's_Dairyman" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jefferson_County_Union_and_Hoard's_Dairyman"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.1 Jefferson County Union and Hoard's Dairyman </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jefferson_County_Union_and_Hoard's_Dairyman-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trade_associations_and_lobbying" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trade_associations_and_lobbying"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.2 Trade associations and lobbying </div> </a> <ul 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href="#Bennett_Law"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.2.1 Bennett Law </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bennett_Law-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-governorship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-governorship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.3 Post-governorship </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-governorship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Legacy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li 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Hoard</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:William_Dempster_Hoard.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Painting of William Dempster Hoard" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/William_Dempster_Hoard.png/220px-William_Dempster_Hoard.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/William_Dempster_Hoard.png/330px-William_Dempster_Hoard.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/William_Dempster_Hoard.png/440px-William_Dempster_Hoard.png 2x" data-file-width="1331" data-file-height="1591" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Portrait by James Reeve Stuart <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1891</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">16th <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Wisconsin" title="Governor of Wisconsin">Governor of Wisconsin</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office January 7, 1889 – January 5, 1891</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_M._Rusk" title="Jeremiah M. Rusk">Jeremiah M. Rusk</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_Wilbur_Peck" title="George Wilbur Peck">George Wilbur Peck</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">William Dempster Hoard</div> (1836-10-10)October 10, 1836 <a href="/wiki/Munnsville,_New_York" title="Munnsville, New York">Munnsville, New York</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">November 22, 1918(1918-11-22) (aged 82) <a href="/wiki/Fort_Atkinson,_Wisconsin" title="Fort Atkinson, Wisconsin">Fort Atkinson, Wisconsin</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label">Fort Atkinson, Wisconsin <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Monuments</th><td class="infobox-data">William D. Hoard Monument at <a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin%E2%80%93Madison" title="University of Wisconsin–Madison">University of Wisconsin–Madison</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Board member of</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin_Board_of_Regents" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Wisconsin Board of Regents">University of Wisconsin Board of Regents</a></li><li>Wisconsin Dairymen's Association</li><li>National Dairy Union</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Agnes Elizabeth Bragg</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1860)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">3</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data">Publisher, politician</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Agriculture advocacy, <a href="/wiki/Hoard%27s_Dairyman" title="Hoard's Dairyman">Hoard's Dairyman</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Signature_of_William_Dempster_Hoard.png" class="mw-file-description" title="William D. Hoard's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Signature_of_William_Dempster_Hoard.png/128px-Signature_of_William_Dempster_Hoard.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Signature_of_William_Dempster_Hoard.png/192px-Signature_of_William_Dempster_Hoard.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Signature_of_William_Dempster_Hoard.png/256px-Signature_of_William_Dempster_Hoard.png 2x" data-file-width="387" data-file-height="97" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> William Dempster Hoard (October 10, 1836 – November 22, 1918) was an American politician, newspaper publisher, and agriculture advocate who served as the 16th <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Wisconsin" title="Governor of Wisconsin">governor of Wisconsin</a> from 1889–1891. Called the "father of modern dairying", Hoard's advocacy for scientific agriculture and the expansion of dairy farming has been credited with changing Wisconsin's agricultural economy. He promoted the use of silos and <a href="/wiki/Alfalfa" title="Alfalfa">alfalfa</a> for cattle feed, testing for <a href="/wiki/Bovine_tuberculosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Bovine tuberculosis">bovine tuberculosis</a>, and single-use cattle herds in his magazine <a href="/wiki/Hoard%27s_Dairyman" title="Hoard's Dairyman">Hoard's Dairyman</a>. His work with the Wisconsin Dairymen's Association led to the exporting of Wisconsin dairy products to the East Coast and those products earning national renown. As editor of his newspaper the Jefferson County Union, Hoard defied trends of the time for small newspapers to expand the coverage area of the paper and include a strongly voiced editorial page, which he used to advocate for improved farming practices and dairy farming. As governor of Wisconsin, Hoard established the Dairy and Food Commission—one of the first <a href="/wiki/Food_safety" title="Food safety">food inspection</a> agencies in the United States—and passed a controversial, short-lived <a href="/wiki/Bennett_Law" title="Bennett Law">compulsory education law</a> that required all students in the state be taught in English as part of the <a href="/wiki/Americanization_(immigration)" title="Americanization (immigration)">Americanization</a> process for immigrants. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=William_D._Hoard&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education">edit</a>]</div> William D. Hoard was born on October 10, 1836, in <a href="/wiki/Munnsville,_New_York" title="Munnsville, New York">Munnsville, New York</a>, to William Bradford Hoard and Sarah Katherine White Hoard. He was the eldest of four children.<a href="#cite_note-BlueBook1-1">[1]</a>: 132  His father was a blacksmith and <a href="/wiki/Itinerant_preacher" title="Itinerant preacher">itinerant</a> <a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodist</a> minister who <a href="/wiki/Missionary" title="Missionary">preached to</a> the <a href="/wiki/Oneida_people" title="Oneida people">Oneida people</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Risjord1-2">[2]</a>: 43  Hoard was educated in a one-room log <a href="/wiki/One-room_school" title="One-room school">schoolhouse</a> built by his grandfather, Enos, who also maintained a library. The library and encouragement from Hoard's mother led to a passion for reading.<a href="#cite_note-Risjord1-2">[2]</a>: 43 <a href="#cite_note-Osman1-3">[3]</a>: 5–7  Enos brought Hoard with him while purchasing dairy cattle and educated him on dairy farming as a child.<a href="#cite_note-Ogilvie1-4">[4]</a>: 46  When he was 16, Hoard left school to work as a farmhand for Waterman Simons, a neighboring dairy farmer from whom Hoard learned how to make cheese and butter.<a href="#cite_note-BlueBook1-1">[1]</a>: 132 <a href="#cite_note-Ivins1-5">[5]</a>: 105  While working as a farmhand, Hoard witnessed the <a href="/wiki/Soil_depletion" class="mw-redirect" title="Soil depletion">depletion</a> of New York soil by the growing of wheat and other crops that led to the adoption of dairy farming in the state.<a href="#cite_note-Osman1-3">[3]</a>: 10–12 <a href="#cite_note-UticaOD1-6">[6]</a> During this time, he managed a 50-cow herd and read technical journals on farming.<a href="#cite_note-Risjord1-2">[2]</a>: 43  In 1857, Hoard moved to <a href="/wiki/Oak_Grove,_Dodge_County,_Wisconsin" title="Oak Grove, Dodge County, Wisconsin">Oak Grove, Wisconsin</a>, and studied to become a Methodist minister. Conflict with church leadership led him to cease his studies.<a href="#cite_note-Ivins1-5">[5]</a>: 105  For the next three years, Hoard found employment chopping wood and giving singing lessons.<a href="#cite_note-Ogilvie1-4">[4]</a>: 46  In 1860, he married Agnes Elizabeth Bragg and moved in with her parents in <a href="/wiki/Lake_Mills,_Wisconsin" title="Lake Mills, Wisconsin">Lake Mills, Wisconsin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Ivins1-5">[5]</a>: 106 <a href="#cite_note-Osman1-3">[3]</a>: 18  The couple had three children: Halbert Louis, Arthur Ralph, and Frank Ward.<a href="#cite_note-Osman1-3">[3]</a>: 18, 20 <a href="#cite_note-Risjord1-2">[2]</a>: 43  After the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>, Hoard—an admirer of <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a>—enlisted in the <a href="/wiki/Union_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Army">Union Army</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Ogilvie1-4">[4]</a>: 47  He was assigned to the <a href="/wiki/4th_Wisconsin_Infantry_Regiment" title="4th Wisconsin Infantry Regiment">4th Wisconsin Infantry Regiment</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Fife_(instrument)" title="Fife (instrument)">fife</a> player and participated in the <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_New_Orleans" title="Capture of New Orleans">capture of New Orleans</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Suval1-7">[7]</a>: 18 <a href="#cite_note-Ivins1-5">[5]</a>: 106  Hoard became ill while pursuing <a href="/wiki/Confederate_army" class="mw-redirect" title="Confederate army">Confederate soldiers</a> and was <a href="/wiki/Military_discharge" title="Military discharge">discharged</a>. He returned to his parents' farm in New York; after fully recovering, he re-enlisted in the Union Army and was assigned to Battery A of the <a href="/wiki/1st_New_York_Light_Artillery_Battalion" title="1st New York Light Artillery Battalion">1st New York Light Artillery Battalion</a>, serving until the end of the war in 1865.<a href="#cite_note-BlueBook1-1">[1]</a>: 132 <a href="#cite_note-Ivins1-5">[5]</a>: 106  After the war, Hoard moved to <a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Wisconsin" title="Columbus, Wisconsin">Columbus, Wisconsin</a>, and attempted to grow <a href="/wiki/Hops" title="Hops">hops</a>. The price of the crop collapsed and Hoard gave up hop farming.<a href="#cite_note-Ogilvie1-4">[4]</a>: 47  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=William_D._Hoard&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Publishing_and_advocacy">Publishing and advocacy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=William_D._Hoard&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Publishing and advocacy">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Jefferson_County_Union_and_Hoard's_Dairyman">Jefferson County Union and Hoard's Dairyman</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=William_D._Hoard&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Jefferson County Union and Hoard's Dairyman">edit</a>]</div> Hoard founded a weekly newspaper, the Jefferson County Union, in Lake Mills in 1870. Against trends of the time, Hoard expanded his paper's coverage to include surrounding areas.<a href="#cite_note-BlueBook1-1">[1]</a>: 133  Early editions of the Union were printed under contract with the Watertown Republican, for which Hoard had written prior to founding his own newspaper.<a href="#cite_note-Osman1-3">[3]</a>: 38  Hoard moved the Union to <a href="/wiki/Fort_Atkinson,_Wisconsin" title="Fort Atkinson, Wisconsin">Fort Atkinson, Wisconsin</a>, in 1873 and by 1883 he had constructed a new building that included a printing press.<a href="#cite_note-Osman1-3">[3]</a>: 49  Hoard included an <a href="/wiki/Editorial" title="Editorial">editorial</a> page in the Union, a rarity for small newspapers of the time.<a href="#cite_note-Ogilvie1-4">[4]</a>: 49  He used these <a href="/wiki/Column_(periodical)" title="Column (periodical)">columns</a> to write about a variety of topics, most prominently the promotion of scientific agricultural practices, and started a dairy farming-specific column in 1872.<a href="#cite_note-Osman1-3">[3]</a>: 40–42, 53–54 <a href="#cite_note-Dairy1-8">[8]</a>: 57  Readers received these editorials with skepticism due to Hoard's lack of experience in Wisconsin agriculture, and referred to him as a theorist and a "book farmer".<a href="#cite_note-Ogilvie1-4">[4]</a>: 49 <a href="#cite_note-BlueBook1-1">[1]</a>: 133  Hoard continued to write agriculture columns and after encouragement from his son Arthur and Whitewater Register publisher Ed E. Coe, founded <a href="/wiki/Hoard%27s_Dairyman" title="Hoard's Dairyman">Hoard's Dairyman</a> in 1885 as a <a href="/wiki/Folio" title="Folio">folio</a> supplement to the Union.<a href="#cite_note-Ivins1-5">[5]</a>: 109 <a href="#cite_note-Dairy1-8">[8]</a>: 57  <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hoard%27s_Dairyman_Daily_Jefferson_Union_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="An office building" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Hoard%27s_Dairyman_Daily_Jefferson_Union_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-Hoard%27s_Dairyman_Daily_Jefferson_Union_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Hoard%27s_Dairyman_Daily_Jefferson_Union_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-Hoard%27s_Dairyman_Daily_Jefferson_Union_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Hoard%27s_Dairyman_Daily_Jefferson_Union_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-Hoard%27s_Dairyman_Daily_Jefferson_Union_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4896" data-file-height="3672" /></a><figcaption>Offices of the Jefferson County Union and Hoard's Dairyman in 2016</figcaption></figure> The Dairyman was initially financially supported by its parent newspaper. By 1889, it had become a separate magazine that focused primarily on dairy farming.<a href="#cite_note-Whyte1-9">[9]</a>: 368–369 <a href="#cite_note-Dairy1-8">[8]</a>: 57  As was commonplace with dairy <a href="/wiki/Trade_magazine" title="Trade magazine">trade publications</a> at the time, Hoard mixed reporting and advertising in the Dairyman, juxtaposing advertisements with articles promoting the advertised technique or technology.<a href="#cite_note-Dairy1-8">[8]</a>: 58 <a href="#cite_note-Risjord1-2">[2]</a>: 46  Hoard used the publication to advocate for agricultural and dairy manufacturing practices including: testing of herds for <a href="/wiki/Mycobacterium_bovis" title="Mycobacterium bovis">bovine tuberculosis</a>, slaughtering infected animals, and providing recompense for farmers who culled their herds;<a href="#cite_note-Dairy1-8">[8]</a>: 120 <a href="#cite_note-LAT1-10">[10]</a> the growth and use of <a href="/wiki/Alfalfa" title="Alfalfa">alfalfa</a> as cattle feed,<a href="#cite_note-LAT1-10">[10]</a> the use of particular breeds of cattle for milking or meat,<a href="#cite_note-Dairy1-8">[8]</a>: 62  the use of the <a href="/wiki/Babcock_test" title="Babcock test">Babcock test</a> to test the butterfat content of milk,<a href="#cite_note-Rankin1-11">[11]</a>: 164  sanitization of milk bottles used in city delivery,<a href="#cite_note-Dairy1-8">[8]</a>: 122  the humane treatment of cattle, the formation of agricultural cooperatives to compete with corporations, and the adoption of silos to store cattle feed.<a href="#cite_note-Dairy1-8">[8]</a>: 68–69  By 1924, Hoard's Dairyman had a <a href="/wiki/Print_circulation" title="Print circulation">print circulation</a> of 75,000 and readers in Japan, Australia, and England.<a href="#cite_note-Ivins1-5">[5]</a>: 109–110  It is considered the first agriculture publication to have a nationwide readership in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-BlueBook1-1">[1]</a>: 133  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Trade_associations_and_lobbying">Trade associations and lobbying</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=William_D._Hoard&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Trade associations and lobbying">edit</a>]</div> Hoard founded the Jefferson County Dairymen's Association in 1871<a href="#cite_note-Ivins1-5">[5]</a>: 106  and cofounded the Wisconsin Dairymen's Association (WDA) with <a href="/wiki/Chester_Hazen" title="Chester Hazen">Chester Hazen</a>, Stephen Favill, <a href="/wiki/Walter_S._Greene" title="Walter S. Greene">Walter S. Greene</a>, H.C. Drake, J.G. Hull, M.S. Barrett, D.E. Smith, and H.F. Dousman in 1872.<a href="#cite_note-Lampard1-12">[12]</a>: 125  At its founding, Hazen declared the WDA had three goals: to openly discuss dairy problems, eliminate a surplus of cheese and reduce freight rates for rail transport of dairy products, and market to dealers from the <a href="/wiki/East_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="East Coast of the United States">East Coast</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Lampard1-12">[12]</a>: 124  The WDA sent Hoard to <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a> in 1874 to barter with railroads to secure better prices and <a href="/wiki/Refrigerator_car" title="Refrigerator car">refrigerated railcars</a> for the transport of cheese from Wisconsin to the East Coast.<a href="#cite_note-Nesbit-13">[13]</a>: 13  His efforts were successful; rates were reduced to one cent per pound. Cheese production in Wisconsin increased rapidly following the rate reduction.<a href="#cite_note-Ivins1-5">[5]</a>: 108–109 <a href="#cite_note-Lampard1-12">[12]</a>: 127  In 1876, the American Dairymen's Association invited the WDA to exhibit at the <a href="/wiki/Centennial_Exhibition" class="mw-redirect" title="Centennial Exhibition">Centennial Exhibition</a>. Hoard felt slighted by the group that had ignored him for three years and advocated against going under the auspices of the national association; the other members agreed, rejecting the proposal and ultimately setting up exhibits themselves. Wisconsin dairy products won 20 awards and earned national renown.<a href="#cite_note-Lampard1-12">[12]</a>: 139–140  Through the Wisconsin Dairymen's Association, Hoard and other founders successfully lobbied for the creation of agriculture-related regulations and educational institutions, including legislation to ban skim and filled cheese,<a href="#cite_note-14">[Note 1]</a> the establishment of farmers' institutes<a href="#cite_note-16">[Note 2]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin%E2%80%93Madison_College_of_Agricultural_and_Life_Sciences" title="University of Wisconsin–Madison College of Agricultural and Life Sciences">College of Agriculture</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin-Madison" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Wisconsin-Madison">University of Wisconsin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Osman1-3">[3]</a>: 72 <a href="#cite_note-Rankin1-11">[11]</a>: 185 <a href="#cite_note-17">[Note 3]</a> In 1890, the group campaigned for the establishment of the first dairy school in the U.S., which taught students to make butter and cheese.<a href="#cite_note-LAT1-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-Apps1-18">[15]</a>: 46  Hoard opposed the sale of adulterated dairy products and <a href="/wiki/Oleomargarine" class="mw-redirect" title="Oleomargarine">oleomargarine</a>, which became popular in the late 1800s.<a href="#cite_note-Suval1-7">[7]</a>: 23  Oleomargarine, made by emulsifying lard with milk and water, was often dyed yellow to give it the appearance of butter and was sold as such.<a href="#cite_note-Suval1-7">[7]</a>: 20 <a href="#cite_note-19">[Note 4]</a> The cost of producing oleomargarine was much lower than that of producing butter and dairy farmers viewed it as a threat to their livelihoods.<a href="#cite_note-Suval1-7">[7]</a>: 20  In 1894, Hoard founded the National Dairy Union and campaigned for an additional tax to be placed on the sale of dyed oleomargarine, which he viewed as a fraudulent product.<a href="#cite_note-20">[Note 5]</a> Hoard often testified before Congress about the fraudulent nature of oleomargarine between 1898 and 1902, and helped secure the passage of the Oleomargarine Act of 1902, which added an additional 10-cent tax on the sale of colored oleomargarine and briefly caused a decline in its production.<a href="#cite_note-Suval1-7">[7]</a>: 25–26  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_career">Political career</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=William_D._Hoard&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Political career">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Early_career">Early career</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=William_D._Hoard&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Early career">edit</a>]</div> In 1870, Hoard was appointed a deputy <a href="/wiki/U.S._Marshal" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Marshal">U.S. Marshal</a> and assigned to be a <a href="/wiki/United_States_census" title="United States census">census</a> taker in Lake Mills and the surrounding area.<a href="#cite_note-Rankin1-11">[11]</a>: 77–79  While taking the census, Hoard met a family of German immigrants who could not speak English and had been tricked out of a large sum of money by English-speaking <a href="/wiki/Confidence_trickster" class="mw-redirect" title="Confidence trickster">confidence tricksters</a>. The experience influenced Hoard's opinions on education when he became governor.<a href="#cite_note-Ogilvie1-4">[4]</a>: 51–53  In 1872, Hoard was named the <a href="/wiki/Sergeant-at-arms" class="mw-redirect" title="Sergeant-at-arms">sergeant-at-arms</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Senate" title="Wisconsin Senate">Wisconsin Senate</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Osman1-3">[3]</a>: 43  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Governor_of_Wisconsin">Governor of Wisconsin</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=William_D._Hoard&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Governor of Wisconsin">edit</a>]</div> By 1888, Hoard had become a popular speaker, lecturing on agricultural topics throughout Wisconsin. He was nominated as the Republican candidate for governor in an anonymous article in the <a href="/wiki/Milwaukee_Journal_Sentinel" title="Milwaukee Journal Sentinel">Milwaukee Sentinel</a> that year and received strong support from farmers throughout the state.<a href="#cite_note-Whyte1-9">[9]</a>: 369–370  <a href="/wiki/Robert_M._La_Follette" title="Robert M. La Follette">Robert M. La Follette</a> lent Hoard his poll lists and advisers for his gubernatorial campaign.<a href="#cite_note-Buenker-21">[16]</a>: 14  Hoard was elected as the 16th <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Wisconsin" title="Governor of Wisconsin">governor of Wisconsin</a> in the <a href="/wiki/1888_Wisconsin_gubernatorial_election" title="1888 Wisconsin gubernatorial election">election of 1888</a>, defeating <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> candidate James Morgan, and served a single, two-year term as governor.<a href="#cite_note-Whyte1-9">[9]</a>: 369–370  His administration passed a controversial compulsory education law that mandated schools educate their pupils in English and created the Dairy and Food Commission to oversee dairy production in the state and enforce bans on skim and filled cheese as well as other adulterated dairy products.<a href="#cite_note-Hunt1-22">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-Lampard1-12">[12]</a>: 249–250  It was one of the first <a href="/wiki/Food_safety" title="Food safety">food inspection</a> agencies in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-LAT1-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-Nesbit-13">[13]</a>: 32  and passed a controversial compulsory education law that mandated schools educate their pupils in English.<a href="#cite_note-Hunt1-22">[17]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Bennett_Law">Bennett Law</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=William_D._Hoard&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Bennett Law">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bennett_Law" title="Bennett Law">Bennett Law</a></div> The first legislation Hoard signed was the <a href="/wiki/Bennett_Law" title="Bennett Law">Bennett Law</a>. It passed in April 1889 and mandated children in the state aged 7–14 attend school in their district of residence for at least 12 weeks per year and receive instruction in English.<a href="#cite_note-Hunt1-22">[17]</a>: 70  The latter provision was added by Hoard, who advocated for the <a href="/wiki/Americanization_(immigration)" title="Americanization (immigration)">Americanization</a> of immigrants in the state and viewed the <a href="/wiki/English_only_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="English only movement">English only movement</a> as an important step in the process.<a href="#cite_note-Whyte1-9">[9]</a>: 377 <a href="#cite_note-Hunt1-22">[17]</a>: 69–70  By 1890, approximately 70% of the Wisconsin population was an immigrant or had at least one immigrant parent; many of that group had German ancestry.<a href="#cite_note-23">[Note 6]</a> German Lutherans and German Catholics in Wisconsin, who combined <a href="/wiki/American_patriotism" class="mw-redirect" title="American patriotism">American patriotism</a> with a strong ethnic pride and affection for speaking the <a href="/wiki/German_language_in_the_United_States" title="German language in the United States">German language</a>, felt the law attacked the independence of their church communities and <a href="/wiki/Parochial_school" title="Parochial school">parochial schools</a>, many of which primarily taught their courses in German.<a href="#cite_note-Kellogg1-24">[18]</a>: 12–13 <a href="#cite_note-25">[Note 7]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hunt1-22">[17]</a>: 70–71  Hoard, on the other hand, felt church communities focused more on growing their congregations through these schools than on fostering American citizenship.<a href="#cite_note-27">[Note 8]</a> He came to see the law as a matter of the <a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state" title="Separation of church and state">separation of church and state</a> and necessary to protect public schools.<a href="#cite_note-Hunt1-22">[17]</a>: 75 <a href="#cite_note-Wyman1-28">[20]</a>: 274  Opponents of the law characterized it as paternalistic and Hoard as prejudiced against German-Americans.<a href="#cite_note-Nesbit-13">[13]</a>: 613 <a href="#cite_note-Hunt1-22">[17]</a>: 88  In March 1890, the three Catholic bishops of Wisconsin published a manifesto opposing the law and three months later, the <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Synod" class="mw-redirect" title="Wisconsin Synod">Wisconsin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Missouri_Synod" class="mw-redirect" title="Missouri Synod">Missouri</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Synod_of_North_America" title="Evangelical Synod of North America">Evangelical</a> synods similarly denounced it.<a href="#cite_note-Kellogg1-24">[18]</a>: 10 <a href="#cite_note-Whyte1-9">[9]</a>: 378  German-language publications throughout the state advocated for the law's repeal, and called for Catholics and Lutherans to campaign for the law's repeal after the election of 1890.<a href="#cite_note-Kellogg1-24">[18]</a>: 14–15 <a href="#cite_note-Hunt1-22">[17]</a>: 77–78  Scandinavian immigrants in the state supported the repeal of the law based on its clause requiring students be taught in their district of residence; Scandinavian communities had fewer parochial schools than their German counterparts and were convinced by opponents of the law that it would prevent their children attending their parochial schools.<a href="#cite_note-Kellogg1-24">[18]</a>: 23  The Bennett Law became the primary issue of the contest, though economic pressures attributed to the <a href="/wiki/McKinley_Tariff" title="McKinley Tariff">McKinley Tariff</a> also played a significant role.<a href="#cite_note-Wyman1-28">[20]</a>: 292–293  Hoard, a political novice, refused to compromise on the law, leading previously Republican-supporting German voters to turn against the party in 1890.<a href="#cite_note-Wyman1-28">[20]</a>: 274, 280  Democrats won a <a href="/wiki/Supermajority" title="Supermajority">supermajority</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Legislature" title="Wisconsin Legislature">Wisconsin Legislature</a> and eight of nine available seats in the <a href="/wiki/U.S._House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a>. Hoard was defeated by <a href="/wiki/George_Wilbur_Peck" title="George Wilbur Peck">George Wilbur Peck</a> for the governorship.<a href="#cite_note-Whyte1-9">[9]</a>: 387–388, 390  The Bennett Law was repealed in February 1891, the first act of the new legislature.<a href="#cite_note-Hunt1-22">[17]</a>: 91  Historian <a href="/wiki/Louise_Phelps_Kellogg" title="Louise Phelps Kellogg">Louise Phelps Kellogg</a> noted the law's purpose of increasing English literacy in immigrant communities was still achieved; parochial schools sought to prove the legislation was not needed by introducing more English-language instruction in their classrooms.<a href="#cite_note-Kellogg1-24">[18]</a>: 24  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Post-governorship">Post-governorship</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=William_D._Hoard&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Post-governorship">edit</a>]</div> Following his defeat in the <a href="/wiki/1890_Wisconsin_gubernatorial_election" title="1890 Wisconsin gubernatorial election">election of 1890</a>, Hoard returned to his work with the Union and Dairyman, using his publications to support Robert M. La Follette. Hoard was uneasy about La Follette's more radical positions, and began distancing himself from La Follette.<a href="#cite_note-Risjord1-2">[2]</a>: 48  By the end of the 1905 special session of the Wisconsin Legislature, Hoard had disassociated with La Follette and progressive Republicans due to La Follette's dictatorial style and being unable to reconcile elements of the platform that provided more social services with his own ideals.<a href="#cite_note-Progressive-29">[21]</a> In 1907, Hoard was named to the University of Wisconsin's <a href="/wiki/Board_of_Regents" class="mw-redirect" title="Board of Regents">Board of Regents</a> and helped transport a dairy herd to the campus in Madison and arrange the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Stock_Pavilion" title="Stock Pavilion">Livestock Pavilion</a>. He resigned from the Board in 1911, citing efforts by Governor <a href="/wiki/Francis_E._McGovern" title="Francis E. McGovern">Francis E. McGovern</a> to fill it with La Follette loyalists.<a href="#cite_note-Risjord1-2">[2]</a>: 48 <a href="#cite_note-Racine-30">[22]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=William_D._Hoard&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Legacy">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:William_Dempster_Hoard_Sculpture_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A statue of Hoard mounted on a relief depicting an agricultural scene" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/William_Dempster_Hoard_Sculpture_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-William_Dempster_Hoard_Sculpture_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/William_Dempster_Hoard_Sculpture_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-William_Dempster_Hoard_Sculpture_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/William_Dempster_Hoard_Sculpture_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-William_Dempster_Hoard_Sculpture_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/William_Dempster_Hoard_Sculpture" title="William Dempster Hoard Sculpture">William Dempster Hoard Sculpture</a> by <a href="/wiki/Gutzon_Borglum" title="Gutzon Borglum">Gutzon Borglum</a> </figcaption></figure> Hoard died on November 22, 1918, and was buried in Fort Atkinson.<a href="#cite_note-BlueBook1-1">[1]</a>: 134  He has been credited with changing the agricultural economy of Wisconsin from the growth of wheat to the raising of dairy cattle and production of dairy products,<a href="#cite_note-BlueBook1-1">[1]</a>: 134 <a href="#cite_note-Wiscontext1-31">[23]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a> called him "the father of modern dairying".<a href="#cite_note-LAT1-10">[10]</a> Wisconsin governor <a href="/wiki/Emanuel_L._Philipp" title="Emanuel L. Philipp">Emanuel L. Philipp</a> assembled a committee that named Hoard the state's "Most Distinguished Citizen" in 1915.<a href="#cite_note-BlueBook1-1">[1]</a>: 133  <a href="/wiki/Gutzon_Borglum" title="Gutzon Borglum">Gutzon Borglum</a> made a statue of Hoard which was placed on <a href="/wiki/Henry_Mall_Historic_District" title="Henry Mall Historic District">Henry Mall</a> in front of the College of Agriculture on the University of Wisconsin campus in 1922.<a href="#cite_note-Rankin1-11">[11]</a>: 233-235  In 2010, the Wisconsin Legislature made his birthday, October 10, a state holiday.<a href="#cite_note-32">[24]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hoard%27s_Dairyman_Farm" title="Hoard's Dairyman Farm">Hoard's Dairyman Farm</a> is listed on the <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a> and is considered the most famous dairy farm in the world.<a href="#cite_note-LAT1-10">[10]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=William_D._Hoard&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_cheesemaking_in_Wisconsin" title="History of cheesemaking in Wisconsin">History of cheesemaking in Wisconsin</a> – History of the cheesemaking industry in Wisconsin</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoard_Historical_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoard Historical Museum">Hoard Historical Museum</a> – American dairy industry history organizationPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=William_D._Hoard&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> Skim cheese is cheese made from milk which has had most of its <a href="/wiki/Butterfat" title="Butterfat">butterfat</a> removed. Filled cheese is made with milk that has its fat content replaced margarine or lard. These cheeses were difficult to tell apart from cheese made with whole milk when fresh, but spoiled comparatively quickly after production. Prolific production of skim and filled cheese had significantly damaged the reputation of Wisconsin cheese by 1889.<a href="#cite_note-Lampard1-12">[12]</a>: 247, 250  </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> Farmers' institutes were traveling lecture series put on by the University of Wisconsin to communicate the latest developments in agriculture science to farmers. <a href="/wiki/Hiram_N._Smith" title="Hiram N. Smith">Hiram Smith</a> installed fellow WDA member William H. Morrison as superintendent of the institutes, which gave the dairy industry an increased presence in the curriculum.<a href="#cite_note-Luther-15">[14]</a>: 60–61  Hoard was a popular presenter at these institutes.<a href="#cite_note-Whyte1-9">[9]</a>: 369  </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> Lampard wrote that the first dean of the College of Agriculture William A. Henry "personally owed so much to the support of Hoard and Hiram Smith" and later said, "'The Wisconsin Dairymen's Association is the true parent of the Wisconsin College of Agriculture today.'"<a href="#cite_note-Lampard1-12">[12]</a>: 344–345  </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> The problem of fraudulent butter had reached the White House by 1886, with president <a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Grover Cleveland</a> remarking at the passage of the Oleomargarine Act of 1886, "I venture to say that hardly a pound (of oleomargarine) ever entered a poor man's house under its real name and in its true character."<a href="#cite_note-Suval1-7">[7]</a>: 22  </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> When questioned by Congress about why butter should be allowed to be dyed yellow during certain seasons while oleomargarine should not be allowed to be dyed at all, Hoard compared it to dying fabrics to suit taste, rather than disguising their true nature, saying, "Butter is colored yellow to suit the taste of the consumer and for no other reason, and the product oleomargarine has no more right to this color than the gray goose has to the brilliant plumage of the peacock."<a href="#cite_note-Rankin1-11">[11]</a>: 201–202  </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> Wisconsin's population in 1890 was approximately 1.68 million people; of those, about 620,000 were born in Germany or had at least one parent born in Germany.<a href="#cite_note-Hunt1-22">[17]</a>: 84  </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> German Lutherans in Wisconsin at this time had broken away from a <a href="/wiki/Caste" title="Caste">caste</a>-like system and relied on church leadership for guidance. This led to the creation of insular communities that heavily emphasized German tradition, called "Germandom" by <a href="/wiki/Louise_Phelps_Kellogg" title="Louise Phelps Kellogg">Louise Phelps Kellogg</a>. German Catholic communities were not as insular, which Kellogg attributed to a higher volume of non-German elements in Catholicism.<a href="#cite_note-Kellogg1-24">[18]</a>: 8–10  </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> In a letter dated December 23, 1915, to <a href="/wiki/Rasmus_B._Anderson" title="Rasmus B. Anderson">Rasmus B. Anderson</a>, Hoard wrote, "I note that the Milwaukee Sentinel states that there are 136,000 young persons in Wisconsin between the ages of 7 and 20 who cannot speak, write, or read English. This is due very largely to church influence which, as you know, has but little purpose in education beyond the perpetuation of ecclesiastical control over the minds of the young. It is the church and its growth first and always with but little care for intelligent American citizenship afterward."<a href="#cite_note-Anderson1-26">[19]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=William_D._Hoard&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-BlueBook1-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BlueBook1_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BlueBook1_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BlueBook1_1-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BlueBook1_1-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BlueBook1_1-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BlueBook1_1-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BlueBook1_1-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BlueBook1_1-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BlueBook1_1-8">i</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1">"William Dempster Hoard, 1889–91". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=z8VWAAAAYAAJ">The Wisconsin Blue Book</a>. <a href="/wiki/Madison,_Wisconsin" title="Madison, Wisconsin">Madison, Wisconsin</a>: Wisconsin Legislature Reference Library. 1960. pp. 132–134. Retrieved October 24, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=William+Dempster+Hoard%2C+1889%E2%80%9391&rft.btitle=The+Wisconsin+Blue+Book&rft.place=Madison%2C+Wisconsin&rft.pages=132-134&rft.pub=Wisconsin+Legislature+Reference+Library&rft.date=1960&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dz8VWAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+D.+Hoard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Risjord1-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Risjord1_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Risjord1_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Risjord1_2-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Risjord1_2-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Risjord1_2-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Risjord1_2-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Risjord1_2-6">g</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRisjord,_Norman_K.2005" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Norman_K._Risjord" title="Norman K. Risjord">Risjord, Norman K.</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://content.wisconsinhistory.org/digital/collection/wmh/id/42630">"From the plow to the cow: William D. Hoard and America's Dairyland"</a>. Wisconsin Magazine of History. 88 (3). <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Historical_Society" title="Wisconsin Historical Society">Wisconsin Historical Society</a>: 40–49. Retrieved October 24, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wisconsin+Magazine+of+History&rft.atitle=From+the+plow+to+the+cow%3A+William+D.+Hoard+and+America%27s+Dairyland&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=40-49&rft.date=2005&rft.au=Risjord%2C+Norman+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.wisconsinhistory.org%2Fdigital%2Fcollection%2Fwmh%2Fid%2F42630&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+D.+Hoard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Osman1-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Osman1_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Osman1_3-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Osman1_3-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Osman1_3-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Osman1_3-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Osman1_3-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Osman1_3-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Osman1_3-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Osman1_3-8">i</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOsman1985" class="citation book cs1">Osman, Loren H. (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RkCN21JuovkC">W.D. Hoard: A Man for His Time</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fort_Atkinson,_Wisconsin" title="Fort Atkinson, Wisconsin">Fort Atkinson, Wisconsin</a>: W.D. Hoard & Sons Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-932147-00-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-932147-00-4"><bdi>978-0-932147-00-4</bdi></a>. 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Anderson</a>. R.B. Anderson. p. 675. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7222-0361-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7222-0361-3"><bdi>978-0-7222-0361-3</bdi></a>. 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Wisconsin Magazine of History. 51 (4). <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Historical_Society" title="Wisconsin Historical Society">Wisconsin Historical Society</a>: 269–293. Retrieved October 24, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wisconsin+Magazine+of+History&rft.atitle=Wisconsin+ethnic+groups+and+the+Election+of+1890&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=269-293&rft.date=1968&rft.aulast=Wyman&rft.aufirst=Roger+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.wisconsinhistory.org%2Fdigital%2Fcollection%2Fwmh%2Fid%2F43889&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+D.+Hoard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Progressive-29"><a href="#cite_ref-Progressive_29-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuenker1998" class="citation book cs1">Buenker, John D. 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Retrieved October 24, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=WisContext&rft.atitle=Wisconsin%27s+Decisive+Shift+Towards+The+Dairy+Cow&rft.date=2018-07-24&rft.aulast=Grace&rft.aufirst=Julie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wiscontext.org%2Fwisconsins-decisive-shift-towards-dairy-cow&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+D.+Hoard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/2009/related/acts/327">2009 Wisconsin Act 327</a> (995.24). Wisconsin Legislature. 2010. Retrieved October 29, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=2009+Wisconsin+Act+327&rft.pub=Wisconsin+Legislature&rft.date=2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.legis.wisconsin.gov%2F2009%2Frelated%2Facts%2F327&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+D.+Hoard" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=William_D._Hoard&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcIntyre1966" class="citation thesis cs1">McIntyre, Calvin Martin (1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=joxbAAAAMAAJ">William Dempster Hoard as an Agricultural Educator, 1870–1892</a> (Thesis). <a href="/wiki/Madison,_Wisconsin" title="Madison, Wisconsin">Madison, Wisconsin</a>: University of Wisconsin–Madison.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=William+Dempster+Hoard+as+an+Agricultural+Educator%2C+1870%E2%80%931892&rft.inst=University+of+Wisconsin%E2%80%93Madison&rft.date=1966&rft.aulast=McIntyre&rft.aufirst=Calvin+Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjoxbAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+D.+Hoard" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=William_D._Hoard&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/6878927">William D. Hoard</a> at <a href="/wiki/Find_a_Grave" title="Find a Grave">Find a Grave</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_McLain_Rusk" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeremiah McLain Rusk">Jeremiah McLain Rusk</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> nominee for <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Wisconsin" title="Governor of Wisconsin">Governor of Wisconsin</a> <a href="/wiki/1888_Wisconsin_gubernatorial_election" title="1888 Wisconsin gubernatorial election">1888</a>, <a href="/wiki/1890_Wisconsin_gubernatorial_election" title="1890 Wisconsin gubernatorial election">1890</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Coit_Spooner" title="John Coit Spooner">John Coit Spooner</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_McLain_Rusk" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeremiah McLain Rusk">Jeremiah McLain Rusk</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Wisconsin" title="Governor of Wisconsin">Governor of Wisconsin</a> 1889–1891 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/George_Wilbur_Peck" title="George Wilbur Peck">George Peck</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Governors_of_Wisconsin" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Governors_of_Wisconsin" title="Template:Governors of Wisconsin"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Governors_of_Wisconsin" title="Template talk:Governors of Wisconsin"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Governors_of_Wisconsin" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Governors of Wisconsin"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Governors_of_Wisconsin" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Wisconsin" title="List of governors of Wisconsin">Governors of Wisconsin</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Territory" title="Wisconsin Territory">Territory (1836–1848)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Dodge" title="Henry Dodge">Dodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Duane_Doty" title="James Duane Doty">Doty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_P._Tallmadge" title="Nathaniel P. Tallmadge">Tallmadge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Dodge" title="Henry Dodge">Dodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Catlin_(politician)" title="John Catlin (politician)">Catlin</a> (acting)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Privy_Seal_of_Wisconsin.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Privy Seal of Wisconsin"><img alt="Privy Seal of Wisconsin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Privy_Seal_of_Wisconsin.svg/75px-Privy_Seal_of_Wisconsin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Privy_Seal_of_Wisconsin.svg/113px-Privy_Seal_of_Wisconsin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Privy_Seal_of_Wisconsin.svg/150px-Privy_Seal_of_Wisconsin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>Privy Seal of Wisconsin</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">State (since 1848)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Dewey" title="Nelson Dewey">Dewey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_J._Farwell" title="Leonard J. Farwell">Farwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_A._Barstow" title="William A. Barstow">Barstow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_MacArthur_Sr." title="Arthur MacArthur Sr.">MacArthur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coles_Bashford" title="Coles Bashford">Bashford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Randall_(Wisconsin_politician)" title="Alexander Randall (Wisconsin politician)">Randall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_P._Harvey" title="Louis P. Harvey">Harvey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Salomon" title="Edward Salomon">Salomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_T._Lewis" title="James T. Lewis">Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Fairchild" title="Lucius Fairchild">Fairchild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadwallader_C._Washburn" title="Cadwallader C. Washburn">Washburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Robert_Taylor" title="William Robert Taylor">Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrison_Ludington" title="Harrison Ludington">Ludington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_E._Smith_(politician)" title="William E. Smith (politician)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_McLain_Rusk" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeremiah McLain Rusk">Rusk</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hoard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Wilbur_Peck" title="George Wilbur Peck">Peck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Upham" title="William H. Upham">Upham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Scofield" title="Edward Scofield">Scofield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_M._La_Follette" title="Robert M. La Follette">R. La Follette Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_O._Davidson" title="James O. Davidson">Davidson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_E._McGovern" title="Francis E. McGovern">McGovern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emanuel_L._Philipp" title="Emanuel L. Philipp">Philipp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Blaine" title="John J. Blaine">Blaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_R._Zimmerman" title="Fred R. Zimmerman">Zimmerman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_J._Kohler_Sr." title="Walter J. Kohler Sr.">Kohler Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_La_Follette" title="Philip La Follette">P. La Follette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_G._Schmedeman" title="Albert G. Schmedeman">Schmedeman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_La_Follette" title="Philip La Follette">P. La Follette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_P._Heil" title="Julius P. Heil">Heil</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Orland_Steen_Loomis" title="Orland Steen Loomis">Loomis</a>) *</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Samuel_Goodland" title="Walter Samuel Goodland">Goodland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Rennebohm" title="Oscar Rennebohm">Rennebohm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_J._Kohler_Jr." title="Walter J. Kohler Jr.">Kohler Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernon_Wallace_Thomson" class="mw-redirect" title="Vernon Wallace Thomson">Thomson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaylord_Nelson" title="Gaylord Nelson">Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Reynolds_Jr." title="John W. Reynolds Jr.">Reynolds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_P._Knowles" title="Warren P. Knowles">Knowles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Lucey" title="Patrick Lucey">Lucey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_J._Schreiber" title="Martin J. Schreiber">Schreiber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_S._Dreyfus" title="Lee S. Dreyfus">Dreyfus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Earl" title="Tony Earl">Earl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Thompson" title="Tommy Thompson">Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_McCallum" title="Scott McCallum">McCallum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Doyle" title="Jim Doyle">Doyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Walker_(politician)" title="Scott Walker (politician)">Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Evers" title="Tony Evers">Evers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>(*) elected but died before taking office</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370198#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370198#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370198#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/000000003724654X">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/6351784">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/151678/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJdmfKXWvbXCcHjc3w4wmd">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1191287211">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n85007838">United States</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6q24pd6">SNAC</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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