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href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interactive_Brokers" title="Interactive Brokers – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Interactive Brokers" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%88_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%B2" title="اینتراکتیو بروکرز – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اینتراکتیو بروکرز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interactive_Brokers" title="Interactive Brokers – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Interactive Brokers" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%ED%84%B0%EB%9E%99%ED%8B%B0%EB%B8%8C_%EB%B8%8C%EB%A1%9C%EC%BB%A4%EC%8A%A4" title="인터랙티브 브로커스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="인터랙티브 브로커스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interactive_Brokers" title="Interactive Brokers – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Interactive Brokers" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interactive_Brokers" title="Interactive Brokers – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Interactive Brokers" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interactive_Brokers" title="Interactive Brokers – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Interactive Brokers" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interactive_Brokers" title="Interactive Brokers – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Interactive Brokers" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BF%E3%83%A9%E3%82%AF%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%96%E3%83%BB%E3%83%96%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BA%E8%A8%BC%E5%88%B8" title="インタラクティブ・ブローカーズ証券 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="インタラクティブ・ブローカーズ証券" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interactive_Brokers" title="Interactive Brokers – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Interactive Brokers" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interactive_Brokers" title="Interactive Brokers – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Interactive Brokers" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interactive_Brokers" title="Interactive Brokers – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Interactive Brokers" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interactive_Brokers" title="Interactive Brokers – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Interactive Brokers" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9B%88%E9%80%8F%E8%AD%89%E5%88%B8" title="盈透證券 – Chinese" lang="zh" 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American financial services firm</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Interactive Brokers Group, Inc.</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Interactive_Brokers_Logo_(2014).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Interactive_Brokers_Logo_%282014%29.svg/220px-Interactive_Brokers_Logo_%282014%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Interactive_Brokers_Logo_%282014%29.svg/330px-Interactive_Brokers_Logo_%282014%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Interactive_Brokers_Logo_%282014%29.svg/440px-Interactive_Brokers_Logo_%282014%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="425" data-file-height="65" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:One_Pickwick_Plaza.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Office of Interactive Brokers in Greenwich" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/One_Pickwick_Plaza.jpg/220px-One_Pickwick_Plaza.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/One_Pickwick_Plaza.jpg/330px-One_Pickwick_Plaza.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/One_Pickwick_Plaza.jpg/440px-One_Pickwick_Plaza.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Headquarters at One Pickwick Plaza</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Public_company" title="Public company">Public</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Ticker_symbol" title="Ticker symbol">Traded as</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nasdaq" title="Nasdaq">Nasdaq</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasdaq.com/market-activity/stocks/ibkr">IBKR</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/S%26P_400" title="S&P 400">S&P 400</a> component</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Financial_services" title="Financial services">Financial services</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1978<span class="noprint">; 46 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1978</span>)</span>, in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Peterffy" title="Thomas Peterffy">Thomas Peterffy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="ib-company-locality locality">One Pickwick Plaza<br /><a href="/wiki/Greenwich,_Connecticut" title="Greenwich, Connecticut">Greenwich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">CT</a> 06830<br />U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Number of locations</div></th><td class="infobox-data">27 (2023)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Area served</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Worldwide</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data agent"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Thomas Peterffy (<a href="/wiki/Chairman" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairman">chairman</a>)</li><li>Milan Galik (President & <a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">CEO</a>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Products</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Direct_market_access" title="Direct market access">Direct market access</a> to <a href="/wiki/Stock" title="Stock">stocks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Option_(finance)" title="Option (finance)">options</a>, <a href="/wiki/Futures_contract" title="Futures contract">futures</a>, <a href="/wiki/Forex" class="mw-redirect" title="Forex">forex</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bond_(finance)" title="Bond (finance)">bonds</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Exchange-traded_fund" title="Exchange-traded fund">ETFs</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Services</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Online_brokerage" class="mw-redirect" title="Online brokerage">Online brokerage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Direct-access_trading" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct-access trading">direct-access trading</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Revenue</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$4.340</span> billion (2023)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Earnings_before_interest_and_taxes" title="Earnings before interest and taxes">Operating income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$3.069</span> billion (2023)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Net_income" title="Net income">Net income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$2.812</span> billion (2023)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Asset" title="Asset">Total assets</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$128.4</span> billion (2023)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Equity_(finance)" title="Equity (finance)">Total equity</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$3.584</span> billion (2023)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Number of employees</div></th><td class="infobox-data">2,932 (2023)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.interactivebrokers.com/">www<wbr />.interactivebrokers<wbr />.com</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><b>Footnotes / references</b><br /><sup id="cite_ref-FY2023_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FY2023-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Interactive_Brokers_War_Room.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A dark office filled with computers; screens of financial data fill one wall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Interactive_Brokers_War_Room.jpg/220px-Interactive_Brokers_War_Room.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Interactive_Brokers_War_Room.jpg/330px-Interactive_Brokers_War_Room.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Interactive_Brokers_War_Room.jpg/440px-Interactive_Brokers_War_Room.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4286" data-file-height="2847" /></a><figcaption>IB Technical Operations</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Interactive Brokers, Inc.</b> (<b>IB</b>), headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Greenwich,_Connecticut" title="Greenwich, Connecticut">Greenwich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a>, is an American <a href="/wiki/Multinational_corporation" title="Multinational corporation">multinational</a> <a href="/wiki/Brokerage_firm" class="mw-redirect" title="Brokerage firm">brokerage firm</a> which operates the largest <a href="/wiki/Electronic_trading_platform" title="Electronic trading platform">electronic trading platform</a> in the United States by number of <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/daily_average_revenue_trades" class="extiw" title="wikt:daily average revenue trades">daily average revenue trades</a>. In 2023, the platform processed an average of 3 million trades per trading day.<sup id="cite_ref-FY2023_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FY2023-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Interactive Brokers is the largest <a href="/wiki/Foreign_exchange_market" title="Foreign exchange market">foreign exchange market</a> broker<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is one of the largest <a href="/wiki/Prime_broker" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime broker">prime brokers</a> servicing commodity brokers. The company brokers <a href="/wiki/Stock" title="Stock">stocks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Option_(finance)" title="Option (finance)">options</a>, <a href="/wiki/Futures_contract" title="Futures contract">futures contracts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Exchange_of_futures_for_physicals" title="Exchange of futures for physicals">exchange of futures for physicals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Options_on_futures" class="mw-redirect" title="Options on futures">options on futures</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bond_(finance)" title="Bond (finance)">bonds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mutual_fund" title="Mutual fund">mutual funds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Currency" title="Currency">currency</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cryptocurrency" title="Cryptocurrency">cryptocurrency</a>, <a href="/wiki/Contracts_for_difference" class="mw-redirect" title="Contracts for difference">contracts for difference</a>, <a href="/wiki/Derivative_(finance)" title="Derivative (finance)">derivatives</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Event_(probability_theory)" title="Event (probability theory)">event-based trading contracts</a> on election and other outcomes. Interactive Brokers offers <a href="/wiki/Direct_market_access" title="Direct market access">direct market access</a>, <a href="/wiki/Omnibus_Customer_Securities_Accounts" title="Omnibus Customer Securities Accounts">omnibus</a> and non-disclosed broker accounts, and provides <a href="/wiki/Clearing_(finance)" title="Clearing (finance)">clearing</a> services. The firm has operations in 34 countries and 27 <a href="/wiki/Forex" class="mw-redirect" title="Forex">currencies</a> and has 2.6 million institutional and individual brokerage customers, with total customer <a href="/wiki/Equity_(finance)" title="Equity (finance)">equity</a> of US$426 billion as of December 31, 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-FY2023_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FY2023-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to its headquarters in Greenwich, on the <a href="/wiki/Gold_Coast_(Connecticut)" title="Gold Coast (Connecticut)">Gold Coast of Connecticut</a>, the company has offices in major <a href="/wiki/Financial_center" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial center">financial centers</a> worldwide. More than half of the company's customers reside outside the United States, in approximately 200 countries.<sup id="cite_ref-FY2023_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FY2023-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 15">: 15 </span></sup> </p><p>The broker was founded by and is indirectly 74.6% owned by and chaired by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Peterffy" title="Thomas Peterffy">Thomas Peterffy</a>, an early innovator in computer-assisted trading. Approximately 23.5% of the company is <a href="/wiki/Public_company" title="Public company">publicly held</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FY2023_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FY2023-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Interactive Brokers is ranked 473rd on the <a href="/wiki/Fortune_500" title="Fortune 500">Fortune 500</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The company traces its roots to T.P. & Co., a <a href="/wiki/Market_maker" title="Market maker">market maker</a> founded in 1977 and renamed Timber Hill Inc. in 1982. In 1979, it became the first to use <a href="/wiki/Fair_value" title="Fair value">fair value</a> pricing sheets on a <a href="/wiki/Stock_exchange" title="Stock exchange">stock exchange</a> trading floor. In 1983, it became the first to use handheld computers for trading. In 1987, Peterffy also created the first fully automated <a href="/wiki/Algorithmic_trading" title="Algorithmic trading">algorithmic trading</a> system, to automatically create and submit orders to a market. Between 1993 and 1994, the corporate group Interactive Brokers Group was created, and the subsidiary Interactive Brokers LLC was created to control its electronic brokerage, and to keep it separate from Timber Hill, which conducts market making. In 2014, Interactive Brokers became the first online broker to offer direct access to <a href="/wiki/IEX" title="IEX">IEX</a>, a private forum for trading securities. In 2021, the company launched trading in cryptocurrencies, including <a href="/wiki/Bitcoin" title="Bitcoin">Bitcoin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ethereum_(cryptocurrency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethereum (cryptocurrency)">Ethereum</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interactive_Brokers&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PeterffyHandheld2016.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Peterffy holding his computer in an interview" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cf/PeterffyHandheld2016.png/180px-PeterffyHandheld2016.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cf/PeterffyHandheld2016.png/270px-PeterffyHandheld2016.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/cf/PeterffyHandheld2016.png 2x" data-file-width="306" data-file-height="326" /></a><figcaption>Peterffy talking about his handheld computers in a <a href="/wiki/CNBC" title="CNBC">CNBC</a> interview, 2016</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1977, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Peterffy" title="Thomas Peterffy">Thomas Peterffy</a> left his job designing commodity trading software for Mocatta Metals, and bought a seat on the <a href="/wiki/American_Stock_Exchange" class="mw-redirect" title="American Stock Exchange">American Stock Exchange</a> (AMEX) as an individual <a href="/wiki/Market_maker" title="Market maker">market maker</a>. The following year, he formed his first company, named T.P. & Co., to expand trading activities to several members under badge number 549. At the time, trading used an <a href="/wiki/Open_outcry" title="Open outcry">open outcry</a> system; Peterffy developed algorithms to determine the best prices for <a href="/wiki/Option_(finance)" title="Option (finance)">options</a> and used those on the trading floor,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and thus the firm became the first to use daily printed <a href="/wiki/Fair_value" title="Fair value">fair value</a> pricing sheets. In 1979, the company expanded to employ four traders, three of whom were AMEX members. In 1982, Peterffy renamed T.P. & Co. to Timber Hill Inc.; he named it after a road to a favorite retreat,<sup id="cite_ref-IIReport_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IIReport-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AutomateThis_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutomateThis-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 30–31">: 30–31 </span></sup> one of his properties on Hutchin Hill Road in <a href="/wiki/Woodstock,_New_York" title="Woodstock, New York">Woodstock, New York</a>. By 1983, Peterffy was sending orders to the floor from his upstairs office; he devised a system to read the data from a <a href="/wiki/Quotron" title="Quotron">Quotron</a> machine by measuring the electric pulses in the wire and decoding them. The data would be then sent through Peterffy's trading algorithms, and then Peterffy would call down the trades.<sup id="cite_ref-AutomateThis_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutomateThis-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 33">: 33 </span></sup> After pressure to become a true market maker and keep constant bids and offers, Peterffy knew that he would need his employees to closely pay attention to market movements, and that handheld computers would help. At the time, the AMEX didn't permit computers on the trading floor. Because of this, Peterffy had an assistant deliver market information from his office in the <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Center_(1973%E2%80%932001)" title="World Trade Center (1973–2001)">World Trade Center</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AutomateThis_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutomateThis-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 11">: 11 </span></sup> In November 1983, he convinced the exchange to allow computer use on the floor.<sup id="cite_ref-IIReport_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IIReport-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1983, Peterffy sought to computerize the options market, and he first targeted the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Board_Options_Exchange" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicago Board Options Exchange">Chicago Board Options Exchange</a> (CBOE).<sup id="cite_ref-IIReport_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IIReport-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time, brokers still used fair value pricing sheets, which were by then updated once or twice a day. In 1983, Timber Hill created the first handheld computers used for trading. As Peterffy explained in a 2016 interview, the battery-powered units had touch screens for the user to input a stock price and it would produce the recommended option prices,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-toldyou_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-toldyou-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-About_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and it also tracked positions and continually repriced options on stocks.<sup id="cite_ref-About_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, he immediately encountered opposition from the heads of the exchange. When he first brought a 12-inch-long (30 cm) by 9-inch-wide (23 cm) device to the exchange floor, a committee in the exchange told him it was too big. When he made the device smaller, the committee stated that no analytic devices were allowed to be used on the exchange floor. Effectively blocked from using the CBOE, he sought to use his devices in other exchanges.<sup id="cite_ref-IIReport_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IIReport-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IBcommunication.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Colored computer screens used for stock trading" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/IBcommunication.jpg/310px-IBcommunication.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/IBcommunication.jpg/465px-IBcommunication.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/IBcommunication.jpg/620px-IBcommunication.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3199" data-file-height="799" /></a><figcaption>Images of the displays used at the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange">New York Stock Exchange</a> to direct traders</figcaption></figure> <p>Also in 1983, Timber Hill expanded to 12 employees and began trading on the <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Stock_Exchange" title="Philadelphia Stock Exchange">Philadelphia Stock Exchange</a>. In 1984, Timber Hill began coding a computerized <a href="/wiki/Stock_market_index_future" title="Stock market index future">stock index futures</a> and options trading system and, in February 1985, Timber Hill's system and network was brought online. The system was designed to centrally price and manage risk on a <a href="/wiki/Portfolio_(finance)" title="Portfolio (finance)">portfolio</a> of <a href="/wiki/Equity_derivative" title="Equity derivative">equity derivatives</a> traded in multiple locations around the country.<sup id="cite_ref-About_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1985, Peterffy introduced his computer system to the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), which allowed it. However, the stock exchange only allowed it to be used at trading booths several yards away from where transactions were executed. Peterffy responded by designing a code system for his traders to read colored bars emitted in patterns from the video displays of computers in the booths. This caused the exchange and other members to be suspicious of <a href="/wiki/Insider_trading" title="Insider trading">insider trading</a>, which convinced Timber Hill to distribute instructions throughout the exchange, describing how to read the displays.<sup id="cite_ref-IIReport_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IIReport-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In response, the exchange required the company to turn the screens away from the trading floor, which prompted Peterffy to hire a clerk to communicate with the traders via hand signals. Eventually computers were allowed on the trading floor.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Twin_Towers_circa_fall_1993.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The 1973–2001 World Trade Center seen from the Hudson River" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Twin_Towers_circa_fall_1993.jpg/170px-Twin_Towers_circa_fall_1993.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Twin_Towers_circa_fall_1993.jpg/255px-Twin_Towers_circa_fall_1993.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Twin_Towers_circa_fall_1993.jpg/340px-Twin_Towers_circa_fall_1993.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption>In the 1980s, the company was located in the original <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Center_(1973%E2%80%932001)" title="World Trade Center (1973–2001)">World Trade Center</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Timber Hill joined the <a href="/wiki/Options_Clearing_Corporation" title="Options Clearing Corporation">Options Clearing Corporation</a> in 1984, the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Mercantile_Exchange" title="New York Mercantile Exchange">New York Futures Exchange</a> in 1985, and the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Stock_Exchange" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Stock Exchange">Pacific Stock Exchange</a> and the options division of the NYSE the following year. Also in 1985, the firm joined and began trading on the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Mercantile_Exchange" title="Chicago Mercantile Exchange">Chicago Mercantile Exchange</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Board_of_Trade" title="Chicago Board of Trade">Chicago Board of Trade</a> and the Chicago Board Options Exchange. In 1986, the company moved its headquarters to the World Trade Center to control activity at multiple exchanges. Peterffy again hired workers to sprint from his offices to the exchanges with updated handheld devices, which he later superseded with phone lines carrying data to computers at the exchanges. Peterffy later built miniature radio transmitters into the handhelds and the exchange computers to allow data to automatically flow to them.<sup id="cite_ref-AutomateThis_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutomateThis-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 39">: 39 </span></sup> </p><p>In 1987, Timber Hill joined the National Securities Clearing Corporation and the Depository Trust Company (now merged as the <a href="/wiki/Depository_Trust_%26_Clearing_Corporation" title="Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation">Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation</a>). By 1987, Timber Hill had 67 employees and had become self-<a href="/wiki/Clearing_(finance)" title="Clearing (finance)">clearing</a> in <a href="/wiki/Equity_(finance)" title="Equity (finance)">equities</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-About_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1987, the CBOE was about to close down its <a href="/wiki/S%26P_500" title="S&P 500">S&P 500</a> options market due to the options not attracting sufficient trader interest. Because of this, Peterffy pledged that Timber Hill would make <a href="/wiki/Market_tightness" title="Market tightness">tight markets</a> in the product for a year if the exchange would allow the traders to use handheld computers on the trading floor. The exchange agreed, and more traders were attracted by the change in pricing; today S&P 500 options are the most actively traded <a href="/wiki/Stock_market_index_option" title="Stock market index option">stock market index options</a> in the U.S.<sup id="cite_ref-IIReport_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IIReport-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1990, Timber Hill Deutschland <a href="/wiki/GmbH" title="GmbH">GmbH</a> was incorporated in <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, and shortly thereafter began trading equity derivatives at the Deutsche Terminbörse (DTB), marking the first time that Timber Hill used one of its trading systems on a fully automated exchange. In 1992, Timber Hill began trading at the Swiss Options and Financial Futures Exchange, which merged with DTB in 1998 to become <a href="/wiki/Eurex" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurex">Eurex</a>. At that time, Timber Hill had 142 employees.<sup id="cite_ref-About_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While Peterffy was trading on the <a href="/wiki/Nasdaq" title="Nasdaq">Nasdaq</a> in 1987,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he created the first fully automated <a href="/wiki/Algorithmic_trading" title="Algorithmic trading">algorithmic trading</a> system. It consisted of an <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> computer that would pull data from a Nasdaq terminal connected to it and carry out trades on a fully automated basis. The machine, for which Peterffy wrote the software, worked faster than a trader could.<sup id="cite_ref-AutomateThis_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutomateThis-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 12–14">: 12–14 </span></sup> Upon inspection, the Nasdaq banned direct interface with the terminal, and required trades to be typed in manually. Peterffy and his team designed a system with a camera to read the terminal, a computer to decode the visual data, and mechanical fingers to type in the trade orders, which was then accepted by the Nasdaq.<sup id="cite_ref-AutomateThis_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutomateThis-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 17">: 17 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1993_to_2000">1993 to 2000</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interactive_Brokers&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 1993 to 2000"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Interactive Brokers Inc. was incorporated in 1993 as a U.S. <a href="/wiki/Broker-dealer" title="Broker-dealer">broker-dealer</a>, to provide technology developed by Timber Hill for electronic network and trade execution services to customers. </p><p>In 1994, Timber Hill Europe began trading at the <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam_Stock_Exchange" class="mw-redirect" title="Amsterdam Stock Exchange">European Options Exchange</a>, the <a href="/wiki/OMX" class="mw-redirect" title="OMX">OM Exchange</a> and the <a href="/wiki/London_International_Financial_Futures_and_Options_Exchange" title="London International Financial Futures and Options Exchange">London International Financial Futures and Options Exchange</a>. Also in 1994, Timber Hill Deutschland became a member of the <a href="/wiki/Belgium_Futures_and_Options_Exchange" class="mw-redirect" title="Belgium Futures and Options Exchange">Belgium Futures and Options Exchange</a>, IB became a member of the New York Stock Exchange, and the Timber Hill Group LLC was formed as a holding company of Timber Hill and IB's operations. </p><p>In 1995, Timber Hill France S.A. was incorporated and began making markets at the Marché des Options Négociables de Paris (a subsidiary of <a href="/wiki/Euronext_Paris" title="Euronext Paris">Euronext Paris</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/March%C3%A9_%C3%A0_Terme_International_de_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Marché à Terme International de France">Marché à Terme International de France</a> futures exchange. Also in 1995, Timber Hill Hong Kong began market making at the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Futures_Exchange" title="Hong Kong Futures Exchange">Hong Kong Futures Exchange</a> and IB created its primary <a href="/wiki/Trading_platform" class="mw-redirect" title="Trading platform">trading platform</a> Trader Workstation and executed its first trades for public customers.<sup id="cite_ref-About_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1996, Timber Hill Securities Hong Kong Limited was incorporated and began trading at the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Stock_Exchange" title="Hong Kong Stock Exchange">Hong Kong Stock Exchange</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-About_9-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1997, Timber Hill Australia Pty Limited was incorporated in Australia, and Timber Hill Europe began trading in Norway and became a member of the Austrian Derivatives Exchange. By 1997, Timber Hill had 284 employees.<sup id="cite_ref-About_9-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1998, Timber Hill Canada Company was formed, and IB began to clear online trades for retail customers connected directly to <a href="/wiki/Globex" class="mw-redirect" title="Globex">Globex</a> to trade <a href="/wiki/S%26P_500" title="S&P 500">S&P 500</a> futures.<sup id="cite_ref-About_9-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1999, IB introduced a <a href="/wiki/Smart_order_routing" title="Smart order routing">smart order routing</a> linkage for multiple-listed <a href="/wiki/Equity_options" class="mw-redirect" title="Equity options">equity options</a> and began to clear trades for its customer stocks and equity derivatives trades.<sup id="cite_ref-About_9-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also in 1999, <a href="/wiki/Goldman_Sachs" title="Goldman Sachs">Goldman Sachs</a> attempted to purchase the company and was turned away.<sup id="cite_ref-IIReport_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IIReport-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2000, Interactive Brokers (U.K.) Limited was formed and Timber Hill became a primary <a href="/wiki/Market_maker" title="Market maker">market maker</a> on the <a href="/wiki/International_Securities_Exchange" title="International Securities Exchange">International Securities Exchange</a> (ISE).<sup id="cite_ref-About_9-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2001_to_present">2001 to present</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interactive_Brokers&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 2001 to present"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IBfloor.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="An office room with computers, monitors, and desks" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/IBfloor.JPG/220px-IBfloor.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/IBfloor.JPG/330px-IBfloor.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/IBfloor.JPG/440px-IBfloor.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4266" data-file-height="2578" /></a><figcaption>Company trading floor</figcaption></figure> <p>In 2001, the corporate name of the Timber Hill Group LLC was changed to Interactive Brokers Group LLC, which at the time handled 200,000 trades per day. </p><p>In 2002, Interactive Brokers, along with the <a href="/wiki/Bourse_de_Montr%C3%A9al" class="mw-redirect" title="Bourse de Montréal">Bourse de Montréal</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Stock_Exchange" title="Boston Stock Exchange">Boston Stock Exchange</a>, created the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Options_Exchange" title="Boston Options Exchange">Boston Options Exchange</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Also in 2002, the company introduced Mobile Trader and an <a href="/wiki/Application_programming_interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Application programming interface">application programming interface</a> for customers and developers to integrate their mobile phone systems with the IB trading system.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also in 2002, Timber Hill became the major market maker for the newly introduced U.S. <a href="/wiki/Single-stock_futures" title="Single-stock futures">single-stock futures</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-About_9-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2003, the company expanded its trade execution and clearing services to include Belgian index options and futures, Canadian stocks, equity/index options and futures, Dutch index options and futures, German equity options, Italian index options and futures, Japanese index options and futures, and U.K. equity options.<sup id="cite_ref-About_9-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2004, the company introduced <a href="/wiki/Direct_market_access" title="Direct market access">direct market access</a> to its customers on the <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Stock_Exchange" title="Frankfurt Stock Exchange">Frankfurt Stock Exchange</a> and the <a href="/wiki/B%C3%B6rse_Stuttgart" title="Börse Stuttgart">Börse Stuttgart</a>. In the same year, IB upgraded its account management system and Trader Workstation, adding <a href="/wiki/Real-time_data" title="Real-time data">real-time data</a> including charts, scanners, fundamental analytics, and tools to the platform.<sup id="cite_ref-About_9-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2005, the company launched its forex trading platform IdealPro (now Ideal FX).<sup id="cite_ref-About_9-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2006, the IB Options Intelligence Report was launched to report on unusual concentrations of trading interests and changing levels of uncertainty in the option markets.<sup id="cite_ref-About_9-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also that year, IBG took stakes in <a href="/wiki/OneChicago" title="OneChicago">OneChicago</a>, the <a href="/wiki/International_Securities_Exchange" title="International Securities Exchange">ISE</a> Stock Exchange, and the CBOE Stock Exchange.<sup id="cite_ref-About_9-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2006, Interactive Brokers began offering penny-priced options.<sup id="cite_ref-About_9-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On May 3, 2007, the company became a <a href="/wiki/Public_company" title="Public company">public company</a> via an <a href="/wiki/Initial_public_offering" title="Initial public offering">initial public offering</a> (IPO) on the Nasdaq, selling 40 million shares, or 10% of the company, at $30.01 per share via a <a href="/wiki/Dutch_auction" title="Dutch auction">Dutch auction</a> in the largest brokerage IPO since 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-toldyou_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-toldyou-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-About_9-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 2007, the company acquired FutureTrade Technologies, an integrated electronic equity and option trading service provider.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2008, the company launched Risk Navigator, a real-time <a href="/wiki/Market_risk" title="Market risk">market risk</a> management platform. Also in 2008, several trading algorithms were introduced to the Trader Workstation. Among these is the Accumulate-Distribute Algo, which allows traders to divide large orders into small non-uniform increments and release them at random intervals over time to achieve better prices for large volume orders.<sup id="cite_ref-About_9-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2009, the company launched a <a href="/wiki/Mobile_app" title="Mobile app">mobile app</a> for <a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-About_9-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 2009, the company launched brokerage services in India.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2011, the company introduced several new services, including the Interactive Brokers Information System, Hedge Fund Capital Introduction Program, and the Stock Yield Enhancement Program. Interactive Brokers also became in 2011 the largest online U.S. broker as measured by <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/daily_average_revenue_trades" class="extiw" title="wikt:daily average revenue trades">daily average revenue trades</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-About_9-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Occupy_Wall_Street" title="Occupy Wall Street">Occupy Wall Street</a> protests of 2011–2012, IB ran a series of television commercials with the catchphrase "Join <a href="/wiki/The_1%25" class="mw-redirect" title="The 1%">the 1%</a>", which were seen as a controversial criticism of the protests.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2012, the company began offering <a href="/wiki/Money_manager" class="mw-redirect" title="Money manager">money manager</a> accounts and opened the fully electronic Money Manager Marketplace. IB also released the TWS Mosaic trading interface and the Tax Optimizer for managing <a href="/wiki/Capital_gain" title="Capital gain">capital gains</a> and <a href="/wiki/Capital_loss" title="Capital loss">capital losses</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-About_9-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2013, the company released the Probability Lab tool and Traders' Insight, a service that provides daily commentary by Interactive Brokers traders and third party contributors.<sup id="cite_ref-About_9-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also in 2013, IB integrated its trading notification tool (called IB FYI) into the TWS.<sup id="cite_ref-About_9-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tool keeps customers informed of upcoming announcements that could impact their account, and a customer can set it to automatically act to <a href="/wiki/Exercise_(options)" title="Exercise (options)">exercise</a> options early if the action is projected to be beneficial for the customer. An IB FYI also can act to automatically suspend a customer's orders before the announcement of major economic events that influence the market.<sup id="cite_ref-FYI_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FYI-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On April 3, 2014, the company became the first online broker to offer direct access to <a href="/wiki/IEX" title="IEX">IEX</a>, a private <a href="/wiki/Electronic_communication_network" title="Electronic communication network">electronic communication network</a> for trading securities, which was subsequently registered as an exchange.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 2015, the company acquired investment management platform Covestor.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2015, the company launched Investors' Marketplace, which allows customers to find investors and other service providers in the financial industry.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 2016, the company released a <a href="/wiki/Mobile_app" title="Mobile app">mobile app</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Apple_Watch" title="Apple Watch">Apple Watch</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2017, the company sold its <a href="/wiki/Market_maker" title="Market maker">market maker</a> business, Timber Hill, to <a href="/wiki/Two_Sigma_Investments" class="mw-redirect" title="Two Sigma Investments">Two Sigma Investments</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Milan Galik was appointed chief executive officer of the company in 2019, succeeding founder Thomas Peterffy, who remained as <a href="/wiki/Chairman" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairman">chairman</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2019, the company launched commission-free trades via "IBKR Lite".<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 2019, the company began offering fractional share trading.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2020, the customer base grew to one million users.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 2020, the company acquired the retail operations of Folio Investments, including 70,000 accounts, from <a href="/wiki/Goldman_Sachs" title="Goldman Sachs">Goldman Sachs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 2021, the company launched trading in spot gold for U.S. clients.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2021, the company launched trading in cryptocurrencies, including <a href="/wiki/Bitcoin" title="Bitcoin">Bitcoin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ethereum_(cryptocurrency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethereum (cryptocurrency)">Ethereum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 2024, the platform was expanded to clients in the United Kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 2023, the company launched trading on the <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Stock_Exchange" title="Taiwan Stock Exchange">Taiwan Stock Exchange</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In August 2023, the company launched fractional share trading in Canadian securities.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In August 2024, the company launched trading on <a href="/wiki/Bursa_Malaysia" title="Bursa Malaysia">Bursa Malaysia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2024, the company launched trading in forecast contracts on the <a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="2024 United States presidential election">2024 United States presidential election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legal_issues">Legal issues</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interactive_Brokers&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Legal issues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In August 2018, the company was fined $5.5 million over allegations that it broke federal rules on <a href="/wiki/Naked_short_selling" title="Naked short selling">naked short selling</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In August 2020, the company was fined $38 million for failing to maintain an adequate anti-<a href="/wiki/Money_laundering" title="Money laundering">money laundering</a> program and alleged compliance lapses, including failure to report suspicious trades.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interactive_Brokers&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Automate_This:_How_Algorithms_Came_to_Rule_Our_World" class="mw-redirect" title="Automate This: How Algorithms Came to Rule Our World">Automate This: How Algorithms Came to Rule Our World</a></i> by Christopher Steiner (2012) - The first chapter describes Thomas Peterffy's development of Interactive Brokers and the technologies that have led to the modern automated market.<sup id="cite_ref-AutomateThis_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutomateThis-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Dark Pools: The Rise of the Machine Traders and the Rigging of the U.S. Stock Market</i> by <a href="/wiki/Scott_Patterson_(author)" title="Scott Patterson (author)">Scott Patterson</a> (2013)<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interactive_Brokers&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid 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href="#cite_ref-FY2023_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FY2023_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FY2023_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FY2023_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FY2023_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1381197/000138119724000083/ibkr-20231231x10k.htm">"2023 Form 10-K"</a>. <a href="/wiki/U.S._Securities_and_Exchange_Commission" title="U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission">U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission</a>. February 27, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2023+Form+10-K&rft.pub=U.S.+Securities+and+Exchange+Commission&rft.date=2024-02-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sec.gov%2Fix%3Fdoc%3D%2FArchives%2Fedgar%2Fdata%2F1381197%2F000138119724000083%2Fibkr-20231231x10k.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteractive+Brokers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGolovtchenko2016" class="citation news cs1">Golovtchenko, Victor (April 19, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.financemagnates.com/forex/analysis/exclusive-q1-us-retail-traders-profitability-falls-accounts-on-the-rise/">"Exclusive: Q1 US Retail Traders Profitability Falls, Accounts on the Rise"</a>. <i>Finance Magnates</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Finance+Magnates&rft.atitle=Exclusive%3A+Q1+US+Retail+Traders+Profitability+Falls%2C+Accounts+on+the+Rise&rft.date=2016-04-19&rft.aulast=Golovtchenko&rft.aufirst=Victor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.financemagnates.com%2Fforex%2Fanalysis%2Fexclusive-q1-us-retail-traders-profitability-falls-accounts-on-the-rise%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteractive+Brokers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fortune.com/company/interactive-brokers-group/">"Interactive Brokers Group"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Fortune_(magazine)" title="Fortune (magazine)">Fortune</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fortune&rft.atitle=Interactive+Brokers+Group&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffortune.com%2Fcompany%2Finteractive-brokers-group%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteractive+Brokers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown2014" class="citation news cs1">Brown, Abram (November 5, 2014). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/abrambrown/2014/11/05/billionaire-thomas-peterffy-practically-invented-digital-trading-now-he-wants-to-be-your-broker/">"Billionaire Thomas Peterffy Practically Invented Digital Trading. Now He Wants To Be Your Broker"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Billionaire+Thomas+Peterffy+Practically+Invented+Digital+Trading.+Now+He+Wants+To+Be+Your+Broker&rft.date=2014-11-05&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Abram&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fabrambrown%2F2014%2F11%2F05%2Fbillionaire-thomas-peterffy-practically-invented-digital-trading-now-he-wants-to-be-your-broker%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteractive+Brokers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IIReport-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IIReport_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IIReport_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IIReport_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IIReport_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IIReport_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IIReport_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IIReport_5-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGee2005" class="citation news cs1">McGee, Susan (November 10, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.institutionalinvestor.com/article/2btgh67qurrnlj9qq9ds0/home/a-breed-apart">"A Breed Apart"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Institutional_Investor_(magazine)" title="Institutional Investor (magazine)">Institutional Investor</a></i>. No. November 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Institutional+Investor&rft.atitle=A+Breed+Apart&rft.issue=November+2005&rft.date=2005-11-10&rft.aulast=McGee&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.institutionalinvestor.com%2Farticle%2F2btgh67qurrnlj9qq9ds0%2Fhome%2Fa-breed-apart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteractive+Brokers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AutomateThis-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AutomateThis_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AutomateThis_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AutomateThis_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AutomateThis_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AutomateThis_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AutomateThis_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AutomateThis_6-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteiner2012" class="citation book cs1">Steiner, Christopher (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3W-ePnCEL38C"><i>Automate This: How Algorithms Came to Rule Our World</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="New York, New York">New York, New York</a>: <a href="/wiki/The_Penguin_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="The Penguin Group">The Penguin Group</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59184-492-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59184-492-1"><bdi>978-1-59184-492-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/757470260">757470260</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Automate+This%3A+How+Algorithms+Came+to+Rule+Our+World&rft.place=New+York%2C+New+York&rft.pub=The+Penguin+Group&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F757470260&rft.isbn=978-1-59184-492-1&rft.aulast=Steiner&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3W-ePnCEL38C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteractive+Brokers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeterffy2016" class="citation interview cs1"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Peterffy" title="Thomas Peterffy">Peterffy, Thomas</a> (April 25, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2016/04/25/pro-talks-billionaire-wall-street-pioneer-peterffy.html">"Pro Talks: Billionaire Wall Street Pioneer Peterffy"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNBC" title="CNBC">CNBC</a></i> (Interview). Interviewed by Mike Santoli.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNBC&rft.atitle=Pro+Talks%3A+Billionaire+Wall+Street+Pioneer+Peterffy&rft.date=2016-04-25&rft.aulast=Peterffy&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2016%2F04%2F25%2Fpro-talks-billionaire-wall-street-pioneer-peterffy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteractive+Brokers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-toldyou-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-toldyou_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-toldyou_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoyer2007" class="citation news cs1">Moyer, Liz (May 4, 2007). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/2007/05/04/peterffy-markets-trading-biz-wallst_cx_lm_0504peterffy.html">"He Told You So"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=He+Told+You+So&rft.date=2007-05-04&rft.aulast=Moyer&rft.aufirst=Liz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2F2007%2F05%2F04%2Fpeterffy-markets-trading-biz-wallst_cx_lm_0504peterffy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteractive+Brokers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-About-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-About_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-About_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-About_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-About_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-About_9-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-About_9-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-About_9-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-About_9-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-About_9-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-About_9-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-About_9-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-About_9-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-About_9-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-About_9-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-About_9-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-About_9-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-About_9-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-About_9-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-About_9-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-About_9-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-About_9-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-About_9-21"><sup><i><b>v</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-About_9-22"><sup><i><b>w</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-About_9-23"><sup><i><b>x</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-About_9-24"><sup><i><b>y</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.interactivebrokers.com/en/general/about/info-and-history.php">"About the Interactive Brokers Group"</a>. Interactive Brokers Group.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+the+Interactive+Brokers+Group&rft.pub=Interactive+Brokers+Group&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.interactivebrokers.com%2Fen%2Fgeneral%2Fabout%2Finfo-and-history.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteractive+Brokers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStory2005" class="citation news cs1">Story, Louise (November 11, 2005). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2005/11/11/business/see-the-street-was-paved-with-gold.html">"See! The Street Was Paved With Gold"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=See%21+The+Street+Was+Paved+With+Gold&rft.date=2005-11-11&rft.aulast=Story&rft.aufirst=Louise&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2005%2F11%2F11%2Fbusiness%2Fsee-the-street-was-paved-with-gold.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteractive+Brokers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeterffy2015" class="citation interview cs1">Peterffy, Thomas (April 23, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2015/04/23/401781306/we-built-a-robot-that-types-the-man-behind-computerized-stock-trading">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'We Built A Robot That Types': The Man Behind Computerized Stock Trading"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/All_Things_Considered" title="All Things Considered">All Things Considered</a></i> (Interview). Interviewed by David Kestenbaum. <a href="/wiki/National_Public_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="National Public Radio">National Public Radio</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=All+Things+Considered&rft.atitle=%27We+Built+A+Robot+That+Types%27%3A+The+Man+Behind+Computerized+Stock+Trading&rft.date=2015-04-23&rft.aulast=Peterffy&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2015%2F04%2F23%2F401781306%2Fwe-built-a-robot-that-types-the-man-behind-computerized-stock-trading&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteractive+Brokers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFontanillsGentile2006" class="citation book cs1">Fontanills, George A.; Gentile, Tom (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=veBdeTGxA4AC"><i>The Index Training Course</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Wiley_(publisher)" title="Wiley (publisher)">John Wiley & Sons</a>. p. 49. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780470047361" title="Special:BookSources/9780470047361"><bdi>9780470047361</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Index+Training+Course&rft.pages=49&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780470047361&rft.aulast=Fontanills&rft.aufirst=George+A.&rft.au=Gentile%2C+Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DveBdeTGxA4AC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteractive+Brokers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFontanella-Khan2010" class="citation news cs1">Fontanella-Khan, James (September 10, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/d8e78020-bce7-11df-89ef-00144feab49a">"India moves into mobile phone shares trading"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=India+moves+into+mobile+phone+shares+trading&rft.date=2010-09-10&rft.aulast=Fontanella-Khan&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2Fd8e78020-bce7-11df-89ef-00144feab49a&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteractive+Brokers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmerken2006" class="citation news cs1">Schmerken, Ivy (October 25, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biggrowths.com/why-are-interactive-brokers-margin-rates-so-low/">"Interactive Brokers Offers Penny Priced Options"</a>. <i>Wall Street & Technology</i>. <a href="/wiki/UBM_plc" title="UBM plc">UBM plc</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wall+Street+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Interactive+Brokers+Offers+Penny+Priced+Options&rft.date=2006-10-25&rft.aulast=Schmerken&rft.aufirst=Ivy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbiggrowths.com%2Fwhy-are-interactive-brokers-margin-rates-so-low%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteractive+Brokers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoyer2006" class="citation news cs1">Moyer, Liz (March 21, 2006). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/2006/03/21/short-selling-stocks-futures-cx_lm_0322short.html">"The Wallendas Hit Wall Street"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=The+Wallendas+Hit+Wall+Street&rft.date=2006-03-21&rft.aulast=Moyer&rft.aufirst=Liz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2F2006%2F03%2F21%2Fshort-selling-stocks-futures-cx_lm_0322short.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteractive+Brokers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCameron2007" class="citation news cs1">Cameron, Doug (May 4, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/a7df447c-fa35-11db-8bd0-000b5df10621">"IPO values Interactive Brokers at $12bn"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=IPO+values+Interactive+Brokers+at+%2412bn&rft.date=2007-05-04&rft.aulast=Cameron&rft.aufirst=Doug&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2Fa7df447c-fa35-11db-8bd0-000b5df10621&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteractive+Brokers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBunge2012" class="citation news cs1">Bunge, Jacob (April 19, 2012). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/BL-DLB-37771">"Interactive Brokers Founder, CEO To 'Gradually' Retire"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Interactive+Brokers+Founder%2C+CEO+To+%27Gradually%27+Retire&rft.date=2012-04-19&rft.aulast=Bunge&rft.aufirst=Jacob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2FBL-DLB-37771&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteractive+Brokers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.finextra.com/news/fullstory.aspx?newsitemid=17757">"Interactive Brokers buys FutureTrade Technologies"</a>. <i>Finextra</i>. November 20, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Finextra&rft.atitle=Interactive+Brokers+buys+FutureTrade+Technologies&rft.date=2007-11-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.finextra.com%2Fnews%2Ffullstory.aspx%3Fnewsitemid%3D17757&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteractive+Brokers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oneindia.com/2009/03/13/interactive-brokers-announces-launch-of-online-indian-broker.html">"Interactive Brokers announces launch of Online Indian Brokerage Unit"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Oneindia" title="Oneindia">Oneindia</a></i>. March 13, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oneindia&rft.atitle=Interactive+Brokers+announces+launch+of+Online+Indian+Brokerage+Unit&rft.date=2009-03-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oneindia.com%2F2009%2F03%2F13%2Finteractive-brokers-announces-launch-of-online-indian-broker.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteractive+Brokers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDicker2012" class="citation news cs1">Dicker, Ron (March 26, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffpost.com/entry/interactive-brokers-occupy-wall-street_n_1380517">"Interactive Brokers Ad Mocks Occupy Movement: 'Join The 1%'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/HuffPost" title="HuffPost">HuffPost</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=HuffPost&rft.atitle=Interactive+Brokers+Ad+Mocks+Occupy+Movement%3A+%27Join+The+1%25%27&rft.date=2012-03-26&rft.aulast=Dicker&rft.aufirst=Ron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffpost.com%2Fentry%2Finteractive-brokers-occupy-wall-street_n_1380517&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteractive+Brokers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoose2012" class="citation news cs1">Roose, Kevin (March 26, 2012). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.nytimes.com/dealbook.nytimes.com/2012/03/26/is-it-o-k-to-joke-about-occupy-now/">"Is It O.K. to Joke About Occupy Now?"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Is+It+O.K.+to+Joke+About+Occupy+Now%3F&rft.date=2012-03-26&rft.aulast=Roose&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.nytimes.com%2Fdealbook.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F03%2F26%2Fis-it-o-k-to-joke-about-occupy-now%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteractive+Brokers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMucha2012" class="citation news cs1">Mucha, Thomas (March 26, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pri.org/stories/2012-03-26/open-season-occupy-wall-street">"Open season on Occupy Wall Street?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Public_Radio_International" title="Public Radio International">Public Radio International</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Public+Radio+International&rft.atitle=Open+season+on+Occupy+Wall+Street%3F&rft.date=2012-03-26&rft.aulast=Mucha&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pri.org%2Fstories%2F2012-03-26%2Fopen-season-occupy-wall-street&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteractive+Brokers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCossu-BeaumontCosteVelut2016" class="citation book cs1">Cossu-Beaumont, Laurence; Coste, Jacques-Henri; Velut, Jean-Baptiste (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=V2FACwAAQBAJ"><i>The Crisis and Renewal of U.S. Capitalism</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. pp. 257–8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-138-90875-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-138-90875-8"><bdi>978-1-138-90875-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Crisis+and+Renewal+of+U.S.+Capitalism&rft.pages=257-8&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-138-90875-8&rft.aulast=Cossu-Beaumont&rft.aufirst=Laurence&rft.au=Coste%2C+Jacques-Henri&rft.au=Velut%2C+Jean-Baptiste&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DV2FACwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteractive+Brokers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FYI-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FYI_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNikolova2015" class="citation news cs1">Nikolova, Maria (October 8, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.leaprate.com/news/interactive-brokers-beefs-up-fyi-notifications-feature-in-tws-platform/">"Interactive Brokers beefs up FYI notifications feature in TWS platform"</a>. <i>Leap Rate</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Leap+Rate&rft.atitle=Interactive+Brokers+beefs+up+FYI+notifications+feature+in+TWS+platform&rft.date=2015-10-08&rft.aulast=Nikolova&rft.aufirst=Maria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.leaprate.com%2Fnews%2Finteractive-brokers-beefs-up-fyi-notifications-feature-in-tws-platform%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteractive+Brokers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20140403006299/en/Interactive-Brokers-Adds-IEX-Electronic-Trading-Venue">"Interactive Brokers Adds IEX as an Electronic Trading Venue"</a> (Press release). <a href="/wiki/Business_Wire" title="Business Wire">Business Wire</a>. April 3, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interactive+Brokers+Adds+IEX+as+an+Electronic+Trading+Venue&rft.pub=Business+Wire&rft.date=2014-04-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businesswire.com%2Fnews%2Fhome%2F20140403006299%2Fen%2FInteractive-Brokers-Adds-IEX-Electronic-Trading-Venue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteractive+Brokers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarey2015" class="citation news cs1">Carey, Theresa W. (May 1, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.barrons.com/articles/interactive-brokers-offers-new-take-on-robo-advisors-14305379977">"Interactive Brokers Offers New Take on Robo Advisors"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Barron%27s" title="Barron's">Barron's</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Barron%27s&rft.atitle=Interactive+Brokers+Offers+New+Take+on+Robo+Advisors&rft.date=2015-05-01&rft.aulast=Carey&rft.aufirst=Theresa+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.barrons.com%2Farticles%2Finteractive-brokers-offers-new-take-on-robo-advisors-14305379977&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteractive+Brokers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/covestor-to-be-acquired-by-interactive-brokers-300071380.html">"Covestor To Be Acquired by Interactive Brokers"</a> (Press release). <a href="/wiki/PR_Newswire" title="PR Newswire">PR Newswire</a>. April 23, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Covestor+To+Be+Acquired+by+Interactive+Brokers&rft.pub=PR+Newswire&rft.date=2015-04-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.prnewswire.com%2Fnews-releases%2Fcovestor-to-be-acquired-by-interactive-brokers-300071380.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteractive+Brokers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarrel2016" class="citation news cs1">Carrel, Lawrence (January 22, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.investors.com/news/best-online-brokers/interactive-brokers-aims-to-offer-best-trading-platform/">"Interactive Brokers Aims For Best Platform, Lowest Price"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Investor%27s_Business_Daily" title="Investor's Business Daily">Investor's Business Daily</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Investor%27s+Business+Daily&rft.atitle=Interactive+Brokers+Aims+For+Best+Platform%2C+Lowest+Price&rft.date=2016-01-22&rft.aulast=Carrel&rft.aufirst=Lawrence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.investors.com%2Fnews%2Fbest-online-brokers%2Finteractive-brokers-aims-to-offer-best-trading-platform%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteractive+Brokers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWells2016" class="citation news cs1">Wells, Juana (March 9, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://smnweekly.com/2016/03/09/interactive-brokers-makes-ib-tws-mobile-app-available-on-apple-watch/">"Interactive Brokers Adds Apple Watch Support to IB TWS Mobile Trading App"</a>. SMN Weekly.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Interactive+Brokers+Adds+Apple+Watch+Support+to+IB+TWS+Mobile+Trading+App&rft.date=2016-03-09&rft.aulast=Wells&rft.aufirst=Juana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsmnweekly.com%2F2016%2F03%2F09%2Finteractive-brokers-makes-ib-tws-mobile-app-available-on-apple-watch%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteractive+Brokers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasdaq.com/articles/interactive-brokers-ibkr-completes-sale-of-timber-hill-2017-10-03">"Interactive Brokers (IBKR) Completes Sale of Timber Hill"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Nasdaq" title="Nasdaq">Nasdaq</a></i>. October 3, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nasdaq&rft.atitle=Interactive+Brokers+%28IBKR%29+Completes+Sale+of+Timber+Hill&rft.date=2017-10-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasdaq.com%2Farticles%2Finteractive-brokers-ibkr-completes-sale-of-timber-hill-2017-10-03&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteractive+Brokers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLouisKishan2017" class="citation news cs1">Louis, Brian; Kishan, Saijel (May 9, 2017). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-05-09/two-sigma-to-buy-interactive-brokers-timber-hill-options-unit">"Two Sigma to Buy Interactive Brokers' Options Trading Unit"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_News" title="Bloomberg News">Bloomberg News</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg+News&rft.atitle=Two+Sigma+to+Buy+Interactive+Brokers%27+Options+Trading+Unit&rft.date=2017-05-09&rft.aulast=Louis&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft.au=Kishan%2C+Saijel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2017-05-09%2Ftwo-sigma-to-buy-interactive-brokers-timber-hill-options-unit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteractive+Brokers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBanerjiOsipovitch2017" class="citation news cs1">Banerji, Gunjan; Osipovitch, Alexander (May 9, 2017). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/two-sigma-agrees-to-buy-interactive-brokers-options-market-making-arm-1494367672">"Two Sigma Agrees to Buy Interactive Brokers' Options Market-Making Arm"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Two+Sigma+Agrees+to+Buy+Interactive+Brokers%27+Options+Market-Making+Arm&rft.date=2017-05-09&rft.aulast=Banerji&rft.aufirst=Gunjan&rft.au=Osipovitch%2C+Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Ftwo-sigma-agrees-to-buy-interactive-brokers-options-market-making-arm-1494367672&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteractive+Brokers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchott2019" class="citation web cs1">Schott, Paul (January 1, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.greenwichtime.com/business/article/Greenwich-based-Interactive-Brokers-CEO-to-13514044.php">"Greenwich-based Interactive Brokers' CEO to step down"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Time_(newspaper)" title="Greenwich Time (newspaper)">Greenwich Time</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Greenwich+Time&rft.atitle=Greenwich-based+Interactive+Brokers%27+CEO+to+step+down&rft.date=2019-01-01&rft.aulast=Schott&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.greenwichtime.com%2Fbusiness%2Farticle%2FGreenwich-based-Interactive-Brokers-CEO-to-13514044.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteractive+Brokers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20190107005620/en/Interactive-Brokers-Group-Will-Appoint-Milan-Galik-as-CEO-Thomas-Peterffy-Founder-Will-Step-Down-in-Third-Quarter-of-2019-and-Remain-as-Chairman-of-the-Board">"Interactive Brokers Group Will Appoint Milan Galik as CEO; Thomas Peterffy, Founder, Will Step Down in Third Quarter of 2019 and Remain as Chairman of the Board"</a> (Press release). <a href="/wiki/Business_Wire" title="Business Wire">Business Wire</a>. January 7, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interactive+Brokers+Group+Will+Appoint+Milan+Galik+as+CEO%3B+Thomas+Peterffy%2C+Founder%2C+Will+Step+Down+in+Third+Quarter+of+2019+and+Remain+as+Chairman+of+the+Board&rft.pub=Business+Wire&rft.date=2019-01-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businesswire.com%2Fnews%2Fhome%2F20190107005620%2Fen%2FInteractive-Brokers-Group-Will-Appoint-Milan-Galik-as-CEO-Thomas-Peterffy-Founder-Will-Step-Down-in-Third-Quarter-of-2019-and-Remain-as-Chairman-of-the-Board&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteractive+Brokers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20190926005753/en/Interactive-Brokers-to-Launch-IBKR-Lite">"Interactive Brokers to Launch IBKR Lite"</a> (Press release). <a href="/wiki/Business_Wire" title="Business Wire">Business Wire</a>. 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December 4, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interactive+Brokers+Acquiring+Folio+Investments+Retail+Brokerage+Business+from+Goldman+Sachs&rft.pub=Business+Wire&rft.date=2020-12-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businesswire.com%2Fnews%2Fhome%2F20201204005338%2Fen%2FInteractive-Brokers-Acquiring-Folio-Investments-Retail-Brokerage-Business-from-Goldman-Sachs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteractive+Brokers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20210510005516/en/Interactive-Brokers-Launches-US-Spot-Gold-Trading">"Interactive Brokers Launches US Spot Gold Trading"</a> (Press release). <a href="/wiki/Business_Wire" title="Business Wire">Business Wire</a>. May 10, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interactive+Brokers+Launches+US+Spot+Gold+Trading&rft.pub=Business+Wire&rft.date=2021-05-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businesswire.com%2Fnews%2Fhome%2F20210510005516%2Fen%2FInteractive-Brokers-Launches-US-Spot-Gold-Trading&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteractive+Brokers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraffeo2021" class="citation news cs1">Graffeo, Emily (September 13, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/currencies/cryptocurrency-trading-interactive-brokers-crypto-bitcoin-ether-retail-investors-2021-9">"Interactive Brokers launches cryptocurrency trading for clients"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Business_Insider" title="Business Insider">Business Insider</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=Interactive+Brokers+launches+cryptocurrency+trading+for+clients&rft.date=2021-09-13&rft.aulast=Graffeo&rft.aufirst=Emily&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmarkets.businessinsider.com%2Fnews%2Fcurrencies%2Fcryptocurrency-trading-interactive-brokers-crypto-bitcoin-ether-retail-investors-2021-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteractive+Brokers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCrank2021" class="citation news cs1">McCrank, John (September 13, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/technology/interactive-brokers-launches-cryptocurrency-trading-2021-09-13/">"Interactive Brokers launches cryptocurrency trading"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Interactive+Brokers+launches+cryptocurrency+trading&rft.date=2021-09-13&rft.aulast=McCrank&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Ftechnology%2Finteractive-brokers-launches-cryptocurrency-trading-2021-09-13%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteractive+Brokers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20240508125225/en/Interactive-Brokers-Launches-Cryptocurrency-Trading-for-UK-Clients">"Interactive Brokers Launches Cryptocurrency Trading for UK Clients"</a> (Press release). <a href="/wiki/Business_Wire" title="Business Wire">Business Wire</a>. May 15, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interactive+Brokers+Launches+Cryptocurrency+Trading+for+UK+Clients&rft.pub=Business+Wire&rft.date=2024-05-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businesswire.com%2Fnews%2Fhome%2F20240508125225%2Fen%2FInteractive-Brokers-Launches-Cryptocurrency-Trading-for-UK-Clients&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteractive+Brokers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20230719046816/en/Interactive-Brokers-Offers-Trading-on-the-Taiwan-Stock-Exchange">"Interactive Brokers Offers Trading on the Taiwan Stock Exchange"</a> (Press release). <a href="/wiki/Business_Wire" title="Business Wire">Business Wire</a>. July 19, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interactive+Brokers+Offers+Trading+on+the+Taiwan+Stock+Exchange&rft.pub=Business+Wire&rft.date=2023-07-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businesswire.com%2Fnews%2Fhome%2F20230719046816%2Fen%2FInteractive-Brokers-Offers-Trading-on-the-Taiwan-Stock-Exchange&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteractive+Brokers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tradersmagazine.com/xtra/interactive-brokers-launches-fractional-shares-trading-in-canada/">"Interactive Brokers Launches Fractional Shares Trading in Canada"</a> (Press release). August 3, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interactive+Brokers+Launches+Fractional+Shares+Trading+in+Canada&rft.date=2023-08-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tradersmagazine.com%2Fxtra%2Finteractive-brokers-launches-fractional-shares-trading-in-canada%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteractive+Brokers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20240827374147/en/Interactive-Brokers-Introduces-Access-to-Stocks-on-Bursa-Malaysia">"Interactive Brokers Introduces Access to Stocks on Bursa Malaysia"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Business_Wire" title="Business Wire">Business Wire</a>. August 27, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Interactive+Brokers+Introduces+Access+to+Stocks+on+Bursa+Malaysia&rft.date=2024-08-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businesswire.com%2Fnews%2Fhome%2F20240827374147%2Fen%2FInteractive-Brokers-Introduces-Access-to-Stocks-on-Bursa-Malaysia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteractive+Brokers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBallentine2024" class="citation news cs1">Ballentine, Claire (October 3, 2024). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-10-03/bets-on-harris-trump-peterffy-s-interactive-brokers-launches-election-wagers">"Interactive Brokers Gets Into Politics With Yes/No Bets on Races"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_News" title="Bloomberg News">Bloomberg News</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg+News&rft.atitle=Interactive+Brokers+Gets+Into+Politics+With+Yes%2FNo+Bets+on+Races&rft.date=2024-10-03&rft.aulast=Ballentine&rft.aufirst=Claire&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2024-10-03%2Fbets-on-harris-trump-peterffy-s-interactive-brokers-launches-election-wagers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteractive+Brokers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20241002956164/en/Interactive-Brokers-Introduces-Forecast-Contracts-on-Election-Outcomes">"Interactive Brokers Introduces Forecast Contracts on Election Outcomes"</a> (Press release). <a href="/wiki/Business_Wire" title="Business Wire">Business Wire</a>. October 3, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interactive+Brokers+Introduces+Forecast+Contracts+on+Election+Outcomes&rft.pub=Business+Wire&rft.date=2024-10-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businesswire.com%2Fnews%2Fhome%2F20241002956164%2Fen%2FInteractive-Brokers-Introduces-Forecast-Contracts-on-Election-Outcomes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteractive+Brokers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOsipovich2024" class="citation news cs1">Osipovich, Alexander (October 3, 2024). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/livecoverage/stock-market-today-dow-sp500-nasdaq-live-10-03-2024/card/betting-markets-on-the-presidential-race-set-to-go-live-NnRne85QCyVAnc9nZy8z">"Betting Markets on the Presidential Race Set to Go Live"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Betting+Markets+on+the+Presidential+Race+Set+to+Go+Live&rft.date=2024-10-03&rft.aulast=Osipovich&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Flivecoverage%2Fstock-market-today-dow-sp500-nasdaq-live-10-03-2024%2Fcard%2Fbetting-markets-on-the-presidential-race-set-to-go-live-NnRne85QCyVAnc9nZy8z&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteractive+Brokers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOsipovich2018" class="citation news cs1">Osipovich, Alexander (August 20, 2018). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/interactive-brokers-fined-5-5-million-for-naked-short-selling-violations-1534797834">"Interactive Brokers Fined $5.5 Million for Naked Short Selling Violations"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Interactive+Brokers+Fined+%245.5+Million+for+Naked+Short+Selling+Violations&rft.date=2018-08-20&rft.aulast=Osipovich&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Finteractive-brokers-fined-5-5-million-for-naked-short-selling-violations-1534797834&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteractive+Brokers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTokar2020" class="citation news cs1">Tokar, Dylan (August 10, 2020). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/sec-interactive-brokers-charged-with-failing-to-file-suspicious-activity-reports-11597081197">"Interactive Brokers to Pay $38 Million Over Anti-Money Laundering Claims"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Interactive+Brokers+to+Pay+%2438+Million+Over+Anti-Money+Laundering+Claims&rft.date=2020-08-10&rft.aulast=Tokar&rft.aufirst=Dylan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fsec-interactive-brokers-charged-with-failing-to-file-suspicious-activity-reports-11597081197&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteractive+Brokers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatterson2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Scott_Patterson_(author)" title="Scott Patterson (author)">Patterson, Scott</a> (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=e30bsm0AY20C"><i>Dark Pools: The Rise of the Machine Traders and the Rigging of the U.S. Stock Market</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Crown_Business" class="mw-redirect" title="Crown Business">Crown Business</a>. pp. 178–81, 260–61, 292–94, 316. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-307-88718-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-307-88718-4"><bdi>978-0-307-88718-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/849740364">849740364</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dark+Pools%3A+The+Rise+of+the+Machine+Traders+and+the+Rigging+of+the+U.S.+Stock+Market&rft.pages=178-81%2C+260-61%2C+292-94%2C+316&rft.pub=Crown+Business&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F849740364&rft.isbn=978-0-307-88718-4&rft.aulast=Patterson&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3De30bsm0AY20C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteractive+Brokers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interactive_Brokers&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox 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related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Interactive_Brokers" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Interactive Brokers">Interactive Brokers</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.interactivebrokers.com">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20011294#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li>Business data for Interactive Brokers Group, Inc.: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist inline"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/quote/IBKR:US">Bloomberg</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/finance/quote/IBKR:NASDAQ">Google</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/markets/companies/IBKR.O">Reuters</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&CIK=1381197">SEC filings</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/IBKR">Yahoo!</a></li></ul></div></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Online_brokerages" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Online_brokerages" title="Template:Online brokerages"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Online_brokerages" title="Template talk:Online brokerages"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Online_brokerages" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Online brokerages"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Online_brokerages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Online brokerages</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Canada</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CIBC_Mellon" title="CIBC Mellon">CIBC Mellon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qtrade" title="Qtrade">Qtrade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Questrade" title="Questrade">Questrade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RBC_Direct_Investing" title="RBC Direct Investing">RBC Direct Investing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TD_Waterhouse" title="TD Waterhouse">TD Direct Investing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_Brokers" title="Virtual Brokers">Virtual Brokers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wealthsimple" title="Wealthsimple">Wealthsimple</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">India</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angel_Broking" class="mw-redirect" title="Angel Broking">Angel Broking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axis_Direct" title="Axis Direct">Axis Direct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhani_(company)" title="Dhani (company)">Dhani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edelweiss_Broking_Limited" title="Edelweiss Broking Limited">Edelweiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FundsIndia" title="FundsIndia">FundsIndia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geojit_Financial_Services" title="Geojit Financial Services">Geojit Financial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HDFC_securities" title="HDFC securities">HDFC securities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICICIdirect" class="mw-redirect" title="ICICIdirect">ICICIdirect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_Infoline" title="India Infoline">India Infoline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karvy_Corporate" title="Karvy Corporate">Karvy Corporate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotak_Securities" class="mw-redirect" title="Kotak Securities">Kotak Securities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuvera.in" title="Kuvera.in">Kuvera.in</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motilal_Oswal_Financial_Services" title="Motilal Oswal Financial Services">Motilal Oswal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scripbox" title="Scripbox">Scripbox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reliance_Securities" title="Reliance Securities">Reliance Securities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religare" title="Religare">Religare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharekhan" title="Sharekhan">Sharekhan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ally_Financial" title="Ally Financial">Ally Financial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Schwab_Corporation" title="Charles Schwab Corporation">Charles Schwab</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thinkorswim" title="Thinkorswim">Thinkorswim</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chase_Bank" title="Chase Bank">Chase Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citibank" title="Citibank">Citibank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E-Trade" title="E-Trade">E-Trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fidelity_Investments" title="Fidelity Investments">Fidelity Investments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firstrade_Securities" title="Firstrade Securities">Firstrade Securities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FXCM" title="FXCM">FXCM</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Interactive Brokers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lightspeed_(brokerage)" title="Lightspeed (brokerage)">Lightspeed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M1_Finance" title="M1 Finance">M1 Finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merrill_Edge" title="Merrill Edge">Merrill Edge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moomoo_(company)" title="Moomoo (company)">Moomoo (company)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PNC_Financial_Services" title="PNC Financial Services">PNC Financial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robinhood_Markets" title="Robinhood Markets">Robinhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SoFi" title="SoFi">SoFi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TradeStation" title="TradeStation">TradeStation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Bancorp" title="U.S. Bancorp">U.S. Bancorp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Vanguard_Group" title="The Vanguard Group">The Vanguard Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webull" title="Webull">Webull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wells_Fargo" title="Wells Fargo">WellsTrade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ActivTrades" title="ActivTrades">ActivTrades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avanza" title="Avanza">Avanza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BUX_(brokerage)" title="BUX (brokerage)">BUX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CMC_Markets" title="CMC Markets">CMC Markets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Degiro" title="Degiro">Degiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doorstep_(company)" title="Doorstep (company)">Doorstep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dukascopy_Bank" title="Dukascopy Bank">Dukascopy Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EToro" title="EToro">eToro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FinecoBank" title="FinecoBank">FinecoBank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finam_Holdings" title="Finam Holdings">Finam Holdings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freetrade" title="Freetrade">Freetrade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_InvestDirect" title="HSBC InvestDirect">HSBC InvestDirect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IG_Group" title="IG Group">IG Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interactive_Investor" title="Interactive Investor">Interactive Investor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lightyear_(investment_platform)" title="Lightyear (investment platform)">Lightyear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordnet" title="Nordnet">Nordnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OTP_Bank" title="OTP Bank">OTP Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plus500" title="Plus500">Plus500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saxo_Bank" title="Saxo Bank">Saxo Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chartered" title="Standard Chartered">Standard Chartered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swissquote" title="Swissquote">Swissquote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_Republic" title="Trade Republic">Trade Republic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Citibank_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Citibank United Arab Emirates">Citibank UAE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citibank_International_Personal_Bank_Singapore" title="Citibank International Personal Bank Singapore">Citibank International Personal Bank Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futu" title="Futu">Futu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IC_Markets" class="mw-redirect" title="IC Markets">IC Markets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maybank" title="Maybank">Maybank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monex_Group" title="Monex Group">Monex Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OCBC_Bank" title="OCBC Bank">OCBC Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UOB-Kay_Hian" title="UOB-Kay Hian">UOB-Kay Hian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elsewhere</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpari_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpari Group">Alpari Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CommSec" title="CommSec">CommSec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FxPro" title="FxPro">FxPro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepperstone" title="Pepperstone">Pepperstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stake_(platform)" title="Stake (platform)">Stake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broker" title="Broker">Broker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_trading_platform" title="Electronic trading platform">Electronic trading platform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_innovation" title="Financial innovation">Financial innovation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundamental_analysis" title="Fundamental analysis">Fundamental analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_asset_management_firms" title="List of asset management firms">List of asset management firms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mutual-fund_families_in_the_United_States" title="List of mutual-fund families in the United States">List of mutual-fund families in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_data" title="Market data">Market data</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_exchange" title="Stock exchange">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_valuation" title="Stock valuation">Stock valuation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockbroker" title="Stockbroker">Stockbroker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_analysis" title="Technical analysis">Technical analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trading_strategy" title="Trading strategy">Trading strategy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Online_brokerages" title="Category:Online brokerages">Category:Online brokerages</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Selected_companies_of_the_Nasdaq_Financial-100_index" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nasdaq_Financial-100" title="Template:Nasdaq Financial-100"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nasdaq_Financial-100" title="Template talk:Nasdaq Financial-100"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nasdaq_Financial-100" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nasdaq Financial-100"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Selected_companies_of_the_Nasdaq_Financial-100_index" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Selected companies of the <a href="/wiki/Nasdaq_Financial-100" title="Nasdaq Financial-100">Nasdaq Financial-100</a> index</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_National_Insurance_Company" title="American National Insurance Company">American National Insurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ameris_Bancorp" title="Ameris Bancorp">Ameris Bancorp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arch_Capital_Group" title="Arch Capital Group">Arch Capital Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Union_Bank" title="Atlantic Union Bank">Atlantic Union Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_OZK" title="Bank OZK">Bank OZK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banner_Bank" title="Banner Bank">Banner Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BOK_Financial_Corporation" title="BOK Financial Corporation">BOK Financial Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighthouse_Financial" title="Brighthouse Financial">Brighthouse Financial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitol_Federal_Savings_Bank" title="Capitol Federal Savings Bank">Capitol Federal Savings Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathay_General_Bancorp" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathay General Bancorp">Cathay General Bancorp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_Financial" title="Cincinnati Financial">Cincinnati Financial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CME_Group" title="CME Group">CME Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colliers_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Colliers (company)">Colliers International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commerce_Bancshares" title="Commerce Bancshares">Commerce Bancshares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CoStar_Group" title="CoStar Group">CoStar Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Credit_Acceptance" title="Credit Acceptance">Credit Acceptance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_West_Bank" title="East West Bank">East West Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EHealthInsurance" title="EHealthInsurance">eHealth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equinix" title="Equinix">Equinix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erie_Insurance_Group" title="Erie Insurance Group">Erie Insurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Third_Bank" title="Fifth Third Bank">Fifth Third</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Citizens_BancShares" title="First Citizens BancShares">First Citizens BancShares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Financial_Bank_(Ohio)" title="First Financial Bank (Ohio)">First Financial Bank (Ohio)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Hawaiian_Bank" title="First Hawaiian Bank">First Hawaiian Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Merchants_Corporation" title="First Merchants Corporation">First Merchants Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Midwest_Bancorp" title="First Midwest Bancorp">First Midwest Bancorp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FirstService" title="FirstService">FirstService</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulton_Financial_Corporation" title="Fulton Financial Corporation">Fulton Financial Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaming_and_Leisure_Properties" title="Gaming and Leisure Properties">Gaming & Leisure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glacier_Bancorp" title="Glacier Bancorp">Glacier Bancorp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hancock_Whitney" title="Hancock Whitney">Hancock Whitney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_BancShares" title="Home BancShares">Home BancShares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Host_Hotels_%26_Resorts" title="Host Hotels & Resorts">Host Hotels & Resorts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntington_Bancshares" title="Huntington Bancshares">Huntington Bancshares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Bank_(Michigan)" title="Independent Bank (Michigan)">Independent Bank (Michigan)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Interactive Brokers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Bancshares_Corporation" title="International Bancshares Corporation">International Bancshares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamar_Advertising_Company" title="Lamar Advertising Company">Lamar Advertising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LendingTree" title="LendingTree">LendingTree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LPL_Financial" title="LPL Financial">LPL Financial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MarketAxess" title="MarketAxess">MarketAxess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasdaq,_Inc." title="Nasdaq, Inc.">Nasdaq, Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navient" title="Navient">Navient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Trust" title="Northern Trust">Northern Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_National_Bank" title="Old National Bank">Old National Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Premier_Bancorp" title="Pacific Premier Bancorp">Pacific Premier Bancorp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PacWest_Bancorp" title="PacWest Bancorp">PacWest Bancorp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinnacle_Financial_Partners" title="Pinnacle Financial Partners">Pinnacle Financial Partners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Popular, Inc.">Popular, Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PotlatchDeltic" title="PotlatchDeltic">PotlatchDeltic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principal_Financial_Group" title="Principal Financial Group">Principal Financial Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regency_Centers" title="Regency Centers">Regency Centers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renasant_Bank" title="Renasant Bank">Renasant Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SBA_Communications" title="SBA Communications">SBA Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SEI_Investments_Company" title="SEI Investments Company">SEI Investments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signature_Bank" title="Signature Bank">Signature Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simmons_Bank" title="Simmons Bank">Simmons Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sallie_Mae" title="Sallie Mae">Sallie Mae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_State_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="South State Bank">South State Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SVB_Financial_Group" title="SVB Financial Group">SVB Financial Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._Rowe_Price" title="T. Rowe Price">T. Rowe Price</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Capital_Bank" title="Texas Capital Bank">Texas Capital Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Carlyle_Group" title="The Carlyle Group">The Carlyle Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UMB_Financial_Corporation" title="UMB Financial Corporation">UMB Financial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umpqua_Holdings_Corporation" title="Umpqua Holdings Corporation">Umpqua Holdings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Bank_(West_Virginia)" title="United Bank (West Virginia)">United Bank (West Virginia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Community_Bank" title="United Community Bank">United Community Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley_Bank" title="Valley Bank">Valley Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtu_Financial" title="Virtu Financial">Virtu Financial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WaFd_Bank" title="WaFd Bank">WaFd, Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WesBanco" title="WesBanco">WesBanco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wintrust_Financial" title="Wintrust Financial">Wintrust Financial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WSFS_Bank" title="WSFS Bank">WSFS Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XP_Inc." title="XP Inc.">XP Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zillow" title="Zillow">Zillow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zions_Bancorporation" title="Zions Bancorporation">Zions Bancorporation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="S&amp;P_400_companies" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:S%26P_400_companies" title="Template:S&P 400 companies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:S%26P_400_companies" title="Template talk:S&P 400 companies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:S%26P_400_companies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:S&P 400 companies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="S&amp;P_400_companies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_S%26P_400_companies" title="List of S&P 400 companies">S&P 400 companies</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Energy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antero_Midstream" class="mw-redirect" title="Antero Midstream">Antero Midstream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antero_Resources" title="Antero Resources">Antero Resources</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ChampionX&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ChampionX (page does not exist)">ChampionX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chord_Energy" title="Chord Energy">Chord Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Civitas_Resources&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Civitas Resources (page does not exist)">Civitas Resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNX_Resources" title="CNX Resources">CNX Resources</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DT_Midstream&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DT Midstream (page does not exist)">DT Midstream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expand_Energy" title="Expand Energy">Expand Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HF_Sinclair" title="HF Sinclair">HF Sinclair</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matador_Resources&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matador Resources (page does not exist)">Matador Resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murphy_Oil" title="Murphy Oil">Murphy Oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NOV_Inc." title="NOV Inc.">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovintiv" title="Ovintiv">Ovintiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PBF_Energy" title="PBF Energy">PBF Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Permian_Resources&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Permian Resources (page does not exist)">Permian Resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Range_Resources" title="Range Resources">Range Resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Pacific_Land_Corporation" title="Texas Pacific Land Corporation">Texas Pacific Land Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valaris_Limited" title="Valaris Limited">Valaris Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weatherford_International" title="Weatherford International">Weatherford International</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Materials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcoa" title="Alcoa">Alcoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AptarGroup" title="AptarGroup">AptarGroup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arcadium_Lithium" title="Arcadium Lithium">Arcadium Lithium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashland_Global" title="Ashland Global">Ashland Global</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avient" class="mw-redirect" title="Avient">Avient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axalta" title="Axalta">Axalta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berry_Global" title="Berry Global">Berry Global</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabot_Corp" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabot Corp">Cabot Corp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemours" title="Chemours">Chemours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland-Cliffs" title="Cleveland-Cliffs">Cleveland-Cliffs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Metals" class="mw-redirect" title="Commercial Metals">Commercial Metals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Holdings" title="Crown Holdings">Crown Holdings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_Materials" title="Eagle Materials">Eagle Materials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphic_Packaging" title="Graphic Packaging">Graphic Packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greif,_Inc." title="Greif, Inc.">Greif, Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knife_River_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Knife River Corporation">Knife River Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana-Pacific" title="Louisiana-Pacific">Louisiana-Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MP_Materials" title="MP Materials">MP Materials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NewMarket_Corporation" title="NewMarket Corporation">NewMarket Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olin_Corporation" title="Olin Corporation">Olin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reliance_Steel_%26_Aluminum_Co." class="mw-redirect" title="Reliance Steel & Aluminum Co.">Reliance Steel & Aluminum Co.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Gold" title="Royal Gold">Royal Gold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RPM_International" title="RPM International">RPM International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotts_Miracle-Gro_Company" title="Scotts Miracle-Gro Company">Scotts Miracle-Gro Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silgan_Holdings" title="Silgan Holdings">Silgan Holdings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonoco" title="Sonoco">Sonoco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Steel" title="U.S. Steel">U.S. Steel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westlake_Corporation" title="Westlake Corporation">Westlake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Industrials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acuity_Brands" title="Acuity Brands">Acuity Brands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Drainage_Systems" title="Advanced Drainage Systems">Advanced Drainage Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AECOM" title="AECOM">AECOM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AGCO" title="AGCO">AGCO</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ASGN_Inc.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ASGN Inc. (page does not exist)">ASGN Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avis_Budget_Group" title="Avis Budget Group">Avis Budget Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brink%27s" title="Brink's">Brink's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BWX_Technologies" title="BWX Technologies">BWX Technologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CACI_International" class="mw-redirect" title="CACI International">CACI International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlisle_Companies" title="Carlisle Companies">Carlisle Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chart_Industries&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chart Industries (page does not exist)">Chart Industries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clean_Harbors" title="Clean Harbors">Clean Harbors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comfort_Systems_USA" title="Comfort Systems USA">Comfort Systems USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concentrix" title="Concentrix">Concentrix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Core_%26_Main" title="Core & Main">Core & Main</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crane_Holdings" class="mw-redirect" title="Crane Holdings">Crane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss-Wright" title="Curtiss-Wright">Curtiss-Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donaldson_Company" title="Donaldson Company">Donaldson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emcor" title="Emcor">Emcor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EnerSys" title="EnerSys">EnerSys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESAB" title="ESAB">ESAB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EXL_Service" title="EXL Service">EXL Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exponent,_Inc." title="Exponent, Inc.">Exponent, Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flowserve" title="Flowserve">Flowserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluor_Corporation" title="Fluor Corporation">Fluor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortune_Brands_Innovations" title="Fortune Brands Innovations">Fortune Brands Innovations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FTI_Consulting" title="FTI Consulting">FTI Consulting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GATX" title="GATX">GATX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genpact" title="Genpact">Genpact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graco_(fluid_handling)" class="mw-redirect" title="Graco (fluid handling)">Graco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GXO_Logistics" title="GXO Logistics">GXO Logistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexcel" title="Hexcel">Hexcel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insperity" title="Insperity">Insperity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITT_Inc." title="ITT Inc.">ITT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KBR_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="KBR (company)">KBR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirby_Corporation" title="Kirby Corporation">Kirby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knight-Swift" title="Knight-Swift">Knight-Swift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landstar_System" title="Landstar System">Landstar System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lennox_International" title="Lennox International">Lennox International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Electric" title="Lincoln Electric">Lincoln Electric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ManpowerGroup" title="ManpowerGroup">ManpowerGroup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MasTec" title="MasTec">MasTec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximus_Inc." title="Maximus Inc.">Maximus Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middleby" title="Middleby">Middleby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSA_Safety" title="MSA Safety">MSA Safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSC_Industrial_Direct" title="MSC Industrial Direct">MSC Industrial Direct</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nextracker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nextracker (page does not exist)">Nextracker</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NVent_Electric_plc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NVent Electric plc (page does not exist)">nVent Electric plc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oshkosh_Corporation" title="Oshkosh Corporation">Oshkosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owens_Corning" title="Owens Corning">Owens Corning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paylocity" title="Paylocity">Paylocity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RB_Global" title="RB Global">RB Global</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RBC_Bearings&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RBC Bearings (page does not exist)">RBC Bearings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regal_Rexnord" title="Regal Rexnord">Regal Rexnord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryder" title="Ryder">Ryder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saia" title="Saia">Saia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_Applications_International_Corporation" title="Science Applications International Corporation">Science Applications Intl Corp</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sensata_Technologies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sensata Technologies (page does not exist)">Sensata Technologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simpson_Manufacturing_Company" title="Simpson Manufacturing Company">Simpson Manufacturing Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunrun" title="Sunrun">Sunrun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terex" title="Terex">Terex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetra_Tech" title="Tetra Tech">Tetra Tech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timken_Company" title="Timken Company">Timken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Toro_Company" title="The Toro Company">The Toro Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trex_Company,_Inc." title="Trex Company, Inc.">Trex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UFP_Industries" title="UFP Industries">UFP Industries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valmont_Industries" title="Valmont Industries">Valmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watsco" title="Watsco">Watsco</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Watts_Water_Technologies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Watts Water Technologies (page does not exist)">Watts Water Technologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WESCO_International" title="WESCO International">WESCO International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodward,_Inc." title="Woodward, Inc.">Woodward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XPO,_Inc." title="XPO, Inc.">XPO, Inc.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Consumer <br />Discretionary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abercrombie_%26_Fitch" title="Abercrombie & Fitch">Abercrombie & Fitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adient" title="Adient">Adient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aramark" title="Aramark">Aramark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autoliv" title="Autoliv">Autoliv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AutoNation" title="AutoNation">AutoNation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boyd_Gaming" title="Boyd Gaming">Boyd Gaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunswick_Corporation" title="Brunswick Corporation">Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burlington_(department_store)" title="Burlington (department store)">Burlington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capri_Holdings" title="Capri Holdings">Capri Holdings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carter%27s" title="Carter's">Carter's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chewy_(company)" title="Chewy (company)">Chewy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choice_Hotels" title="Choice Hotels">Choice Hotels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churchill_Downs_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Churchill Downs Inc.">Churchill Downs Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Sportswear" title="Columbia Sportswear">Columbia Sportswear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crocs" title="Crocs">Crocs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deckers_Brands" title="Deckers Brands">Deckers Brands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick%27s_Sporting_Goods" title="Dick's Sporting Goods">Dick's Sporting Goods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duolingo" title="Duolingo">Duolingo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Below" title="Five Below">Five Below</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floor_%26_Decor" title="Floor & Decor">Floor & Decor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_Factory" title="Fox Factory">Fox Factory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GameStop" title="GameStop">GameStop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gap_Inc." title="Gap Inc.">Gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentex_(automotive_manufacturer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gentex (automotive manufacturer)">Gentex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goodyear_Tire_%26_Rubber" class="mw-redirect" title="Goodyear Tire & Rubber">Goodyear Tire & Rubber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Holdings" title="Graham Holdings">Graham Holdings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Canyon_Education" title="Grand Canyon Education">Grand Canyon Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%26R_Block" title="H&R Block">H&R Block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harley-Davidson" title="Harley-Davidson">Harley-Davidson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_of_Troy_Limited" title="Helen of Troy Limited">Helen of Troy Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilton_Grand_Vacations" title="Hilton Grand Vacations">Hilton Grand Vacations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyatt" title="Hyatt">Hyatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KB_Home" title="KB Home">KB Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lear_Corporation" title="Lear Corporation">Lear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_%26_Wonder" title="Light & Wonder">Light & Wonder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithia_Motors" title="Lithia Motors">Lithia Motors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macy%27s" title="Macy's">Macy's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriott_Vacations_Worldwide" title="Marriott Vacations Worldwide">Marriott Vacations Worldwide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mattel" title="Mattel">Mattel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murphy_USA" title="Murphy USA">Murphy USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordstrom" title="Nordstrom">Nordstrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ollie%27s_Bargain_Outlet" title="Ollie's Bargain Outlet">Ollie's Bargain Outlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penske_Automotive_Group" title="Penske Automotive Group">Penske Automotive Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planet_Fitness" title="Planet Fitness">Planet Fitness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polaris_Inc." title="Polaris Inc.">Polaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PVH_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="PVH (company)">PVH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RH_(company)" title="RH (company)">RH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_Corporation_International" title="Service Corporation International">Service Corp Intl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skechers" title="Skechers">Skechers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylor_Morrison" title="Taylor Morrison">Taylor Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempur_Sealy" class="mw-redirect" title="Tempur Sealy">Tempur Sealy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Roadhouse" title="Texas Roadhouse">Texas Roadhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor_Industries" title="Thor Industries">Thor Industries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toll_Brothers" title="Toll Brothers">Toll Brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=TopBuild_Corp.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TopBuild Corp. (page does not exist)">TopBuild Corp.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_%2B_Leisure_Co." title="Travel + Leisure Co.">Travel + Leisure Co.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Under_Armour" title="Under Armour">Under Armour</a> (Class A)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Under_Armour" title="Under Armour">Under Armour</a> (Class C)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vail_Resorts" title="Vail Resorts">Vail Resorts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valvoline" title="Valvoline">Valvoline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visteon" title="Visteon">Visteon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendy%27s" title="Wendy's">Wendy's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williams-Sonoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Williams-Sonoma">Williams-Sonoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wingstop" title="Wingstop">Wingstop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyndham_Hotels_%26_Resorts" title="Wyndham Hotels & Resorts">Wyndham Hotels & Resorts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeti_Holdings" title="Yeti Holdings">Yeti Holdings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Consumer <br />Staples</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BellRing_Brands" class="mw-redirect" title="BellRing Brands">BellRing Brands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BJ%27s_Wholesale_Club" title="BJ's Wholesale Club">BJ's Wholesale Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Beer_Company" title="Boston Beer Company">Boston Beer Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casey%27s_General_Stores" class="mw-redirect" title="Casey's General Stores">Casey's General Stores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celsius_Holdings" title="Celsius Holdings">Celsius Holdings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coca-Cola_Consolidated" title="Coca-Cola Consolidated">Coca-Cola Consolidated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coty" title="Coty">Coty</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Darling_Ingredients&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Darling Ingredients (page does not exist)">Darling Ingredients</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E.l.f._(cosmetics)" class="mw-redirect" title="E.l.f. (cosmetics)">e.l.f. Beauty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flowers_Foods" title="Flowers Foods">Flowers Foods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingredion" title="Ingredion">Ingredion</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lancaster_Colony_Corp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lancaster Colony Corp (page does not exist)">Lancaster Colony Corp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Performance_Food_Group" title="Performance Food Group">Performance Food Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilgrim%27s_Pride" title="Pilgrim's Pride">Pilgrim's Pride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post_Holdings" title="Post Holdings">Post Holdings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sprouts_Farmers_Market" title="Sprouts Farmers Market">Sprouts Farmers Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/US_Foods" title="US Foods">US Foods</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Health Care</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acadia_Healthcare" title="Acadia Healthcare">Acadia Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amedisys" title="Amedisys">Amedisys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrowhead_Pharmaceuticals" title="Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals">Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avantor" title="Avantor">Avantor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BioMarin_Pharmaceutical" title="BioMarin Pharmaceutical">BioMarin Pharmaceutical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruker" title="Bruker">Bruker</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chemed_Corp.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chemed Corp. (page does not exist)">Chemed Corp.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doximity" title="Doximity">Doximity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encompass_Health" title="Encompass Health">Encompass Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enovis" title="Enovis">Enovis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ensign_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ensign Group (page does not exist)">Ensign Group</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Envista_Holdings&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Envista Holdings (page does not exist)">Envista Holdings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exelixis" title="Exelixis">Exelixis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globus_Medical" title="Globus Medical">Globus Medical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haemonetics" title="Haemonetics">Haemonetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halozyme" title="Halozyme">Halozyme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HealthEquity" title="HealthEquity">HealthEquity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illumina,_Inc." title="Illumina, Inc.">Illumina</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inari_Medical&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inari Medical (page does not exist)">Inari Medical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_Pharmaceuticals" title="Jazz Pharmaceuticals">Jazz Pharmaceuticals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lantheus_Holdings" title="Lantheus Holdings">Lantheus Holdings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LivaNova" title="LivaNova">LivaNova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masimo" title="Masimo">Masimo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medpace" title="Medpace">Medpace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neogen" title="Neogen">Neogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurocrine_Biosciences" title="Neurocrine Biosciences">Neurocrine Biosciences</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Option_Care_Health&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Option Care Health (page does not exist)">Option Care Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penumbra_(medical_company)" title="Penumbra (medical company)">Penumbra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perrigo" title="Perrigo">Perrigo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Progyny&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Progyny (page does not exist)">Progyny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repligen" title="Repligen">Repligen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shockwave_Medical&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shockwave Medical (page does not exist)">Shockwave Medical</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sotera_Health&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sotera Health (page does not exist)">Sotera Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenet_Healthcare" title="Tenet Healthcare">Tenet Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Therapeutics" title="United Therapeutics">United Therapeutics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Financials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affiliated_Managers_Group" title="Affiliated Managers Group">Affiliated Managers Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ally_Financial" title="Ally Financial">Ally Financial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Financial_Group" title="American Financial Group">American Financial Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annaly_Capital_Management" title="Annaly Capital Management">Annaly Capital Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Associated_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="Associated Bank">Associated Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_OZK" title="Bank OZK">Bank OZK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighthouse_Financial" title="Brighthouse Financial">Brighthouse Financial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadence_Bank" title="Cadence Bank">Cadence Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlyle_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Carlyle Group">Carlyle Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNO_Financial_Group" title="CNO Financial Group">CNO Financial Group</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbia_Banking_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Columbia Banking System (page does not exist)">Columbia Banking System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commerce_Bancshares" title="Commerce Bancshares">Commerce Bancshares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_West_Bancorp" title="East West Bancorp">East West Bancorp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equitable_Holdings" title="Equitable Holdings">Equitable Holdings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erie_Indemnity" class="mw-redirect" title="Erie Indemnity">Erie Indemnity</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Essent_Group_Ltd.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Essent Group Ltd. (page does not exist)">Essent Group Ltd.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euronet_Worldwide" title="Euronet Worldwide">Euronet Worldwide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evercore" title="Evercore">Evercore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federated_Hermes" title="Federated Hermes">Federated Hermes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fidelity_National_Financial" title="Fidelity National Financial">Fidelity National Financial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_American_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="First American Corporation">First American</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Financial_Bankshares&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="First Financial Bankshares (page does not exist)">First Financial Bankshares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Horizon" class="mw-redirect" title="First Horizon">First Horizon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FirstCash" title="FirstCash">FirstCash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FNB_Corporation" title="FNB Corporation">FNB Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frost_Bank" title="Frost Bank">Frost Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glacier_Bancorp" title="Glacier Bancorp">Glacier Bancorp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hancock_Whitney" title="Hancock Whitney">Hancock Whitney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanover_Insurance" title="Hanover Insurance">Hanover Insurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_BancShares" title="Home BancShares">Home BancShares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houlihan_Lokey" title="Houlihan Lokey">Houlihan Lokey</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Interactive Brokers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Bank_of_Commerce" title="International Bank of Commerce">Intl Bancshares Corp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janus_Henderson" title="Janus Henderson">Janus Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferies_Financial_Group" title="Jefferies Financial Group">Jefferies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemper_Corporation" title="Kemper Corporation">Kemper</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinsale_Capital_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kinsale Capital Group (page does not exist)">Kinsale Capital Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MGIC_Investment_Corporation" title="MGIC Investment Corporation">MGIC Investment Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morningstar,_Inc." title="Morningstar, Inc.">Morningstar, Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Community_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Community Bank">New York Community Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_National_Bank" title="Old National Bank">Old National Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Republic_International" title="Old Republic International">Old Republic International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinnacle_Financial_Partners" title="Pinnacle Financial Partners">Pinnacle Financial Partners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primerica" title="Primerica">Primerica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosperity_Bancshares" title="Prosperity Bancshares">Prosperity Bancshares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reinsurance_Group_of_America" title="Reinsurance Group of America">Reinsurance Group of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RenaissanceRe" title="RenaissanceRe">RenaissanceRe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RLI_Corp." title="RLI Corp.">RLI</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ryan_Specialty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ryan Specialty (page does not exist)">Ryan Specialty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SEI_Investments_Company" title="SEI Investments Company">SEI</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Selective_Insurance_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Selective Insurance Group (page does not exist)">Selective Insurance Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sallie_Mae" title="Sallie Mae">SLM Corp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shift4" title="Shift4">Shift4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_State_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="South State Bank">South State Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Starwood_Property_Trust&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Starwood Property Trust (page does not exist)">Starwood Property Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stifel" title="Stifel">Stifel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synovus" title="Synovus">Synovus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Capital_Bancshares" class="mw-redirect" title="Texas Capital Bancshares">Texas Capital Bancshares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UMB_Financial_Corporation" title="UMB Financial Corporation">UMB Financial Corp.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Bankshares" class="mw-redirect" title="United Bankshares">United Bankshares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unum" title="Unum">Unum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley_Bank" title="Valley Bank">Valley Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voya_Financial" title="Voya Financial">Voya Financial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webster_Bank" title="Webster Bank">Webster Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Union" title="Western Union">Western Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WEX_Inc." title="WEX Inc.">WEX Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wintrust" class="mw-redirect" title="Wintrust">Wintrust</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Information <br />Technology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allegro_MicroSystems&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Allegro MicroSystems (page does not exist)">Allegro MicroSystems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altair_Engineering" title="Altair Engineering">Altair Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amkor_Technology" title="Amkor Technology">Amkor Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrow_Electronics" title="Arrow Electronics">Arrow Electronics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aspen_Technology" title="Aspen Technology">Aspen Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avnet" title="Avnet">Avnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belden_(electronics_company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Belden (electronics company)">Belden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackbaud" title="Blackbaud">Blackbaud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calix,_Inc." title="Calix, Inc.">Calix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciena" title="Ciena">Ciena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cirrus_Logic" title="Cirrus Logic">Cirrus Logic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognex_Corporation" title="Cognex Corporation">Cognex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coherent_Corp." title="Coherent Corp.">Coherent Corp.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CommVault_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="CommVault Systems">CommVault Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crane_Merchandising_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Crane Merchandising Systems">Crane NXT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolby" title="Dolby">Dolby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Docusign" title="Docusign">Docusign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dropbox" title="Dropbox">Dropbox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynatrace" title="Dynatrace">Dynatrace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flex_Ltd." title="Flex Ltd.">Flex Ltd.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPG_Photonics" title="IPG Photonics">IPG Photonics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyndryl" title="Kyndryl">Kyndryl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lattice_Semiconductor" title="Lattice Semiconductor">Lattice Semiconductor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Littelfuse" title="Littelfuse">Littelfuse</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumentum_Holdings&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lumentum Holdings (page does not exist)">Lumentum Holdings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MACOM_Technology_Solutions" title="MACOM Technology Solutions">MACOM Technology Solutions</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manhattan_Associates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manhattan Associates (page does not exist)">Manhattan Associates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MKS_Instruments" title="MKS Instruments">MKS Instruments</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novanta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Novanta (page does not exist)">Novanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onto_Innovation" title="Onto Innovation">Onto Innovation</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Power_Integrations&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Power Integrations (page does not exist)">Power Integrations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pure_Storage" title="Pure Storage">Pure Storage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qualys" title="Qualys">Qualys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rambus" title="Rambus">Rambus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicon_Labs" title="Silicon Labs">Silicon Labs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermicro" title="Supermicro">Supermicro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synaptics" title="Synaptics">Synaptics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TD_Synnex" title="TD Synnex">TD Synnex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teradata" title="Teradata">Teradata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Display_Corporation" title="Universal Display Corporation">Universal Display</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishay" class="mw-redirect" title="Vishay">Vishay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vontier" title="Vontier">Vontier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfspeed" title="Wolfspeed">Wolfspeed</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Communication <br />Services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frontier_Communications" title="Frontier Communications">Frontier Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iridium_Communications" title="Iridium Communications">Iridium Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Company" title="The New York Times Company">The New York Times Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nexstar_Media_Group" title="Nexstar Media Group">Nexstar Media Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tegna_Inc." title="Tegna Inc.">Tegna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TKO_Group_Holdings" title="TKO Group Holdings">TKO Group Holdings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Music_Group" title="Warner Music Group">Warner Music Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziff_Davis" title="Ziff Davis">Ziff Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZoomInfo" title="ZoomInfo">ZoomInfo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Real Estate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agree_Realty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agree Realty (page does not exist)">Agree Realty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brixmor_Property_Group" title="Brixmor Property Group">Brixmor Property Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COPT_Defense_Properties" title="COPT Defense Properties">COPT Defense Properties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cousins_Properties" title="Cousins Properties">Cousins Properties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CubeSmart" title="CubeSmart">CubeSmart</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=EastGroup_Properties&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EastGroup Properties (page does not exist)">EastGroup Properties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EPR_Properties" title="EPR Properties">EPR Properties</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Equity_Lifestyle_Properties&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Equity Lifestyle Properties (page does not exist)">Equity Lifestyle Properties</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Industrial_Realty_Trust&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="First Industrial Realty Trust (page does not exist)">First Industrial Realty Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaming_and_Leisure_Properties" title="Gaming and Leisure Properties">Gaming and Leisure Properties</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Healthcare_Realty_Trust&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Healthcare Realty Trust (page does not exist)">Healthcare Realty 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