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mw-hide-empty-elt ns-12 ns-subject page-Help_Transclusion rootpage-Help_Transclusion skin-vector action-view skin-vector-legacy"><div id="mw-page-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="mw-head-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="content" class="mw-body" role="main"> <a id="top"></a> <div id="siteNotice"></div> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This page is semi-protected due to vandalism"><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//web.archive.org/web/20220416020958im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20220416020958im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, 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class="mw-parser-output"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1033289096">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"WP:TRANS" redirects here. You may be looking for <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Transwiki_log" title="Wikipedia:Transwiki log">Wikipedia:Transwiki log</a>, <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Transwiki" title="Help:Transwiki">Help:Transwiki</a>, <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Translation" title="Wikipedia:Translation">Wikipedia:Translation</a>, <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Transwiki" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Transwiki">Wikipedia:WikiProject Transwiki</a> or <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Transgender" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Transgender">Wikipedia:Transgender</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For broader coverage of this topic, see <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transclusion" title="Transclusion">Transclusion</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Wikipedia information page</div><table class="plainlinks ombox ombox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20220416020958im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20220416020958im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20220416020958im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620"/></td><td class="mbox-text"><div style="padding-top: 6px; padding-bottom: 5px;"><b>This is an <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Project_namespace#How-to_and_information_pages" title="Wikipedia:Project namespace">information page</a>.</b><br/><div style="font-size: 90%;">It is not one of <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Policies_and_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines">Wikipedia's policies or guidelines</a>, but rather intends to describe some aspect(s) of Wikipedia's norms, customs, technicalities, or practices. It may reflect varying levels of <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Consensus" title="Wikipedia:Consensus">consensus</a> and <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Consensus#Achieving_consensus" title="Wikipedia:Consensus">vetting</a>.</div></div></td><td class="mbox-imageright"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1007196855">.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain{float:right;margin:0 0 0 1em;border:1px solid #aaa;background:#fff;padding:0.3em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;text-align:center;font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxleft{float:left;margin:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutlist{display:inline-block;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;margin-bottom:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain>ul{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutanchordiv{position:relative;top:-3em}.mw-parser-output li .module-shortcutanchordiv{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mbox-imageright .module-shortcutboxplain{padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 1em;line-height:1.3}</style><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="H:TRANS"></span><span id="WP:TRANS"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain plainlist noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H:TRANS&redirect=no">H:TRANS</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:TRANS&redirect=no">WP:TRANS</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Transclusion</b> means the inclusion of the content of one document within another document by <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reference_(computer_science)" title="Reference (computer science)">reference</a>. In Wikipedia transclusion, the <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki" title="MediaWiki">MediaWiki</a> software will refer to the content of one page, the <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Template" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Template">template</a>, for inclusion into the content of any other page, the target page. Similar to the way any <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Page_name" title="Wikipedia:Page name">page name</a> can become a link by placing its name in double square brackets, any page name can become a template by placing it in double curly braces, <b><code>{{<i>Namespace</i>:<i><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Page_name" title="Wikipedia:Page name">Pagename</a></i>}}</code></b>. Changes made to the template are then automatically reflected on all pages into which that page has been transcluded (though a <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Purge" title="Wikipedia:Purge">purge</a> may sometimes be necessary). </p><p>If the template's <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Page_name" title="Wikipedia:Page name">page name</a> does not begin with a namespace, it is assumed to be in the Template namespace. To refer to a page in the "Main" (article) namespace, it is necessary to prefix it with a colon (<b>:</b>). Examples: </p> <ul><li><b><code>{{Stochastic processes}}</code></b> will transclude from the page <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Stochastic_processes" title="Template:Stochastic processes">Template:Stochastic processes</a></li> <li><b><code>{{:Stochastic processes}}</code></b> will transclude from the page <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stochastic_processes" class="mw-redirect" title="Stochastic processes">Stochastic processes</a> (an article, in the Main namespace)</li> <li><b><code>{{WP:Assume good faith}}</code></b> will transclude from the page <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Assume_good_faith" title="Wikipedia:Assume good faith">Wikipedia:Assume good faith</a></li></ul> <p>What will transclude from a page can be controlled with the tags <noinclude>, <onlyinclude> and <includeonly> placed in the source page wikitext. (See <a href="#Markup">markup</a>, below.) The use of tags enables the template to transclude partially, otherwise the double curly braces will always transclude all content. For <i>selective</i> transclusion the <includeonly> parts of the template are named (with the help of <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Parser_functions" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Parser functions">parser functions</a>) and that template is then called with the <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Template#Parameters" title="Help:Template">parameter</a> <code>transcludesection=<i>name</i></code>. </p><p>Transclusion events occur every time the page is <i>loaded</i>, when the template is rendered. Another use of the same mechanism is a one-shot <i><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Substitution" title="Help:Substitution">substitution</a></i> of the template call itself by its transcluded source page. A template call <code>{{<i><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Page_name#Namespace,_pagename,_and_fullpagename" title="Wikipedia:Page name">fullpagename</a></i>}}</code> with the "subst:" prefix <code>{{subst:<i>fullpagename</i>}}</code> is transcluded once but never again, because the wikitext of that call is replaced (substituted) when its page is <i>saved</i>. What was a one-time template call becomes the actual wikitext of the template at the time of its call. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"/><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#How_transclusion_works"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">How transclusion works</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Transclusion_syntax"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Transclusion syntax</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Subpages"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Subpages</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Template_parameters"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Template parameters</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Substitution"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Substitution</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Magic_words"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Magic words</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Transclusion_modifiers"><span class="tocnumber">2.5</span> <span class="toctext">Transclusion modifiers</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Applications_of_transclusion"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Applications of transclusion</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Composite_pages"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Composite pages</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Pages_with_a_common_section"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Pages with a common section</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Repetition_within_a_page"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Repetition within a page</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#Partial_transclusion"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Partial transclusion</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Markup"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Markup</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#Selective_transclusion"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Selective transclusion</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Standard_section_transclusion_(Special_source_document_markup_not_needed!)"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Standard section transclusion (Special source document markup not needed!)</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-16"><a href="#Transcluded_section_hatnote"><span class="tocnumber">5.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Transcluded section hatnote</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#Using_the_labeled_section_method"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Using the labeled section method</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Parametrization_method"><span class="tocnumber">5.3</span> <span class="toctext">Parametrization method</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-19"><a href="#Source_document_markup"><span class="tocnumber">5.3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Source document markup</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-20"><a href="#Target_document_markup"><span class="tocnumber">5.3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Target document markup</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-21"><a href="#Example"><span class="tocnumber">5.3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Example</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-22"><a href="#Additional_markup_for_selectively_transcluded_sub-article_leads"><span class="tocnumber">5.3.4</span> <span class="toctext">Additional markup for selectively transcluded sub-article leads</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23"><a href="#Drawbacks"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Drawbacks</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-24"><a href="#Special_pages"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Special pages</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-25"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="#MediaWiki_transclusion"><span class="tocnumber">8.1</span> <span class="toctext">MediaWiki transclusion</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27"><a href="#Templates"><span class="tocnumber">8.2</span> <span class="toctext">Templates</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-28"><a href="#Other"><span class="tocnumber">8.3</span> <span class="toctext">Other</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="How_transclusion_works" data-mw-comment="{"type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-How_transclusion_works","replies":[],"headingLevel":2,"placeholderHeading":false,"name":"h-"}"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-How_transclusion_works"></span>How transclusion works<span data-mw-comment-end="h-How_transclusion_works"></span></span></h2> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Note: this section is transcluded from <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Transclusion/How_Transclusion_Works" title="Help:Transclusion/How Transclusion Works">Help:Transclusion/How Transclusion Works</a></div> <p>To <b>transclude</b> any <b>source</b> page (within a single MediaWiki project, such as en:Wikipedia), use the following code in the <b>target</b> page: </p><p><code>{{SOURCEPAGE}}</code> </p><p>Any time you write the code (<code>{{SOURCEPAGE}}</code>) in a target page, you are telling Wikipedia software to put the entire content of <code>SOURCEPAGE</code> in the target page. </p><p>In the example below, look at target page <b>A</b> and <code>SOURCEPAGE</code> <b>B</b>. </p><p>If <b>B</b> is transcluded in <b>A</b>, Wikipedia software will include <i>in that specific place</i> not the code (<code>{{B}}</code>) itself but the content of source page <b>B</b> (which is just the word <i>foo</i>). </p><p>The top row shows how target pages <b>A</b>, <b>P</b>, and <b>Q</b> will look with the changes in code seen in the bottom row to transclude source page <b>B</b>. Note the position of the code in each example target page. </p><p>The source page content, <i>foo</i>, will not be highlighted or boxed on the target page. (<i>Foo</i> is in a light blue box here for ease of illustration and understanding.) </p> <div style="margipadding: 0.5em;"><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Transclusion-multiple-foo.svg" class="image"><img alt="Transclusion-multiple-foo.svg" src="//web.archive.org/web/20220416020958im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Transclusion-multiple-foo.svg/540px-Transclusion-multiple-foo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="540" height="227" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20220416020958im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Transclusion-multiple-foo.svg/810px-Transclusion-multiple-foo.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20220416020958im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Transclusion-multiple-foo.svg/1080px-Transclusion-multiple-foo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="540" data-file-height="227"/></a></div> <p><br/> Transclusion creates a "live" link between a source page and the target page(s) where the source page's contents appear. This means that when you edit a source page, you will be updating its content across all the target pages that include it. Let's say you create a source page in Wikipedia with the address, date, and time of a local Wikimedia event that you want to invite 50 local editors to. Next, you transclude the invitation source page onto your talk page as well as the talk pages of the other 50 editors. A week later you discover the place for the event must be moved. You would then update the source page, and the new address will automatically appear on all the other attendees' talk pages. You could also tell the editors to invite people you may have missed. They could then simply transclude the invitation source page into other editors' talk pages themselves. </p><p>Remember to be extremely careful about editing any source page, especially if it contains transclusions from other source pages. Breaking existing transclusions in a source page is called <b>breakage</b>. Please avoid breakage(s) because not only the larger source page you are editing and all the target pages that include it will be affected. So will both the already embedded (now broken) source page that was used to add content to the larger source page, as well as every target page where the embedded source page was transcluded. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Transclusion_syntax" data-mw-comment="{"type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Transclusion_syntax","replies":["h-Subpages-Transclusion_syntax","h-Template_parameters-Transclusion_syntax","h-Substitution-Transclusion_syntax","h-Magic_words-Transclusion_syntax","h-Transclusion_modifiers-Transclusion_syntax"],"headingLevel":2,"placeholderHeading":false,"name":"h-"}"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Transclusion_syntax"></span>Transclusion syntax<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Transclusion_syntax"></span></span></h2> <p>The general <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syntax_(programming_languages)" title="Syntax (programming languages)">syntax</a> for <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transclusion" title="Transclusion">transclusion</a> on Wikipedia is <code>{{<a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Namespace" title="Wikipedia:Namespace">Namespace</a>:<a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Page_name" title="Wikipedia:Page name">Pagename</a>}}</code>, where <code>Namespace:Pagename</code> describes the title of a Wikipedia page. </p><p>Using transclusion syntax requires some knowledge of page titles. On Wikipedia, non-article pages have titles with a visible namespace and pagename separated by a colon; for example, the page <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Tips" title="Wikipedia:Tips">Wikipedia:Tips</a> has <code>Wikipedia</code> as the namespace, and <code>Tips</code> as the pagename. But encyclopedic articles only have a visible pagename in their titles: for example the article <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potato" title="Potato">Potato</a> has <code>Potato</code> as the pagename, and the namespace, called <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:What_is_an_article%3F#Namespace" title="Wikipedia:What is an article?">main namespace</a>, is not visible. </p> <ul><li>The <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Wikitext" title="Help:Wikitext">wikitext</a> <code>{{Namespace:Pagename}}</code> will transclude the page titled <code>Namespace:Pagename</code>. For example, if a page has the wikitext <code>{{Wikipedia:Notability}}</code> in it, it will transclude the page <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability" title="Wikipedia:Notability">Wikipedia:Notability</a> into it. Please note that <code>{{WP:Notability}}</code> would do exactly the same thing, as <code>WP:</code> is a <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Namespace#Aliases" title="Wikipedia:Namespace">namespace alias</a>, which is <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut#Namespace_aliases" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">automatically translated</a> by the Wikipedia servers to <code>Wikipedia:</code>.</li> <li>If the namespace is omitted, but the colon is included, like <code>{{:Pagename}}</code>, the encyclopedic article <code>Pagename</code> will be transcluded. For example, <code>{{:Notability}}</code> will transclude the article <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notability" title="Notability">Notability</a>.</li> <li>If both namepace and colon are omitted, like <code>{{Pagename}}</code>, the <code>Template:Pagename</code> will be transcluded. For example <code>{{Notability}}</code>, and also <code>{{Template:Notability}}</code>, will both transclude the <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Notability" title="Template:Notability">Template:Notability</a>.</li></ul> <p>So, in summary, an example page having the wikitext <code>{{Pagename}}</code> or <code>{{Template:Pagename}}</code> included, will transclude the <code>Template:Pagename</code> into that example page. But <code>{{:Pagename}}</code> will have a different effect: it will transclude the article <code>Pagename</code>. Also, <code>{{Namespace:Pagename}}</code> will transclude the page <code>Namespace:Pagename</code>, for pages with titles of that format. You also have the option of using <a href="#Template_parameters">template parameters</a> and <a href="#Transclusion_modifiers">transclusion modifiers</a>. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Subpages" data-mw-comment="{"type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Subpages-Transclusion_syntax","replies":[],"headingLevel":3,"placeholderHeading":false,"name":"h-"}"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Subpages-Transclusion_syntax"></span>Subpages<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Subpages-Transclusion_syntax"></span></span></h3> <p><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Subpages" title="Wikipedia:Subpages">Subpages</a> are pages separated with a "/" (a slash) from their 'parent' page. For a parent page with the name format <code>Namespace:Pagename</code>, its subpage name would have the format <code>Namespace:Pagename/Subpagename</code>. This is feature is disabled in the main, file, and MediaWiki <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Namespace" title="Wikipedia:Namespace">namespaces</a>, but not on their corresponding talk namespaces. </p><p>To transclude a subpage: </p> <ul><li>The general syntax is <code>{{Namespace:Pagename/Subpagename}}</code>.</li> <li>On the parent page of a subpage, it is either the general syntax or <code>{{/Subpagename}}</code>.</li> <li>For a template namespace page, it is either the general syntax or <code>{{Pagename/Subpagename}}</code>.</li> <li>Article subpages are disabled on this wiki, but would otherwise be <code>{{:Pagename/Subpagename}}</code>.</li> <li>You also have the option of using <a href="#Template_parameters">template parameters</a> and <a href="#Transclusion_modifiers">transclusion modifiers</a></li></ul> <p>For example, to transclude <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Like/doc" title="Template:Like/doc">Template:Like/doc</a>, it would be either <code>{{Template:Like/doc}}</code> or <code>{{Like/doc}}</code>. Note that subpage names are case sensitive, and <code>{{Like/Doc}}</code> would not work. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Template_parameters" data-mw-comment="{"type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Template_parameters-Transclusion_syntax","replies":[],"headingLevel":3,"placeholderHeading":false,"name":"h-"}"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Template_parameters-Transclusion_syntax"></span>Template parameters<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Template_parameters-Transclusion_syntax"></span></span></h3> <p><span class="anchor" id="Template_transclusion"></span> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Template#Parameters" title="Help:Template">Help:Template § Parameters</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a quick guide to templates, see <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:A_quick_guide_to_templates" title="Help:A quick guide to templates">Help:A quick guide to templates</a>.</div> <p>The most common application of transclusion is the transclusion of <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Template" title="Help:Template">templates</a>. Templates are pages that are written with the prime objective of being included in other pages, either through transclusion or <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Substitution" title="Help:Substitution">substitution</a>. As shown above, the usual syntax for transcluding a template titled Template:Pagename is <code>{{Pagename}}</code>. However, some templates can also use <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parameter" title="Parameter">parameters</a>. Parameters are <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_(computer_science)" title="Variable (computer science)">variables</a> that can be given values (also termed <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parameter_(computer_programming)#Parameters_and_arguments" title="Parameter (computer programming)">arguments</a>) that can be passed on to certain templates in order for them to work in different ways. Templates can either use no parameters, a fixed number of parameters, or a variable number of parameters. The number of parameters a template can use is from one upwards. </p><p>The exact syntax for using parameters with templates can vary greatly, depending on the actual template being used. But, for an example template titled Template:Pagename, which happened to use three parameters, the general form would be: </p><p><code>{{Pagename|parameter1|parameter2|parameter3}}</code> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1007196855"/><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:UNNAMED"></span><span id="WP:POSPARAM"></span><span id="WP:POSITIONAL"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain plainlist noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:UNNAMED&redirect=no">WP:UNNAMED</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:POSPARAM&redirect=no">WP:POSPARAM</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:POSITIONAL&redirect=no">WP:POSITIONAL</a></span></li></ul></div> <p>with each parameter being substituted with a <code>value</code>, or a <code>parameter name=value</code>, when used in practice. Notice that each parameter is separated with a <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertical_bar" title="Vertical bar">vertical bar</a>. Parameters that take the form <code>value</code> are called <i>unnamed</i> or <i>positional parameters.</i> Parameters that take the form <code>parameter name=value</code> are called <i>named parameters</i>. With unnamed parameters, the first, second, third etc. parameters are equivalent to parameters '1', '2', '3' etc. in <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_documentation" title="Wikipedia:Template documentation">template documentation.</a> Unnamed parameters must be in the correct order, and best placed before named parameters. An example of the syntax using the <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Collapse_top" title="Template:Collapse top">Template:Collapse top</a>: </p><p><code>{{Collapse top|This is the title text|This is a custom warning line|left=true}}</code> </p><p>In this particular example, three parameters are used, but Template:Collapse top can actually use a variable number of parameters. <code>This is the title text</code> and <code>This is a custom warning line</code> are the values of unnamed parameters '1' and '2'; and <code>true</code> is the value of the named parameter <code>left</code>. </p><p>For more details, see <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Template" title="Help:Template">Help:Template</a>. Also, see <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index" title="Wikipedia:Template index">Wikipedia:Template index</a> for a list of links to available Main Namespace related templates (usually for encyclopedic articles); and other Namespace related templates (usually for non-article pages); there is also a search function. Template parameters are also used in the <a href="#Parametrization_method">parametrization method</a> of selective transclusion. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Substitution" data-mw-comment="{"type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Substitution-Transclusion_syntax","replies":[],"headingLevel":3,"placeholderHeading":false,"name":"h-"}"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Substitution-Transclusion_syntax"></span>Substitution<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Substitution-Transclusion_syntax"></span></span></h3> <p><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Substitution" title="Help:Substitution">Substitution</a> has a similar double curly-bracket syntax, and its action is similar to transclusion. When you preview a page with substitution wikitext in it, its action is identical to transclusion. But when you save a page with substitution wikitext in it, it differs in that it substitutes that wikitext with the actual wikitext of the template. </p><p>For example, when <code>{{subst:Like}}</code> is saved, it would substitute that wikitext with the actual wikitext from the <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Like" title="Template:Like">Template:Like</a>. In practice, the main difference that this makes is that if an update happened to the wikitext of the Template:Like, it would not update any pages where <code>{{subst:Like}}</code> had already been saved. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Magic_words" data-mw-comment="{"type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Magic_words-Transclusion_syntax","replies":[],"headingLevel":3,"placeholderHeading":false,"name":"h-"}"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Magic_words-Transclusion_syntax"></span>Magic words<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Magic_words-Transclusion_syntax"></span></span></h3> <p><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Magic_words" title="Help:Magic words">Magic words</a> are not examples of transclusion. But some have a similar double curly-bracket syntax and action to transclusion. For example, <code>{{FULLPAGENAME}}</code> renders the <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Page_name" title="Wikipedia:Page name">Fullpagename</a> of any Wikipedia page. Like templates, some magic words can also take parameters, which are separated using a colon (:); for example <code>{{FULLPAGENAME:value}}</code>. </p><p>Templates do exist for some magic words, for example <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:FULLPAGENAME" title="Template:FULLPAGENAME">Template:FULLPAGENAME</a>; but these just invoke the related magic word if passing parameters using a vertical bar (|); for example like <code>{{FULLPAGENAME|value}}</code>. But magic words parameters are best passed directly by using a colon, for example like <code>{{FULLPAGENAME:value}}</code>, which bypasses any templates. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Transclusion_modifiers" data-mw-comment="{"type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Transclusion_modifiers-Transclusion_syntax","replies":[],"headingLevel":3,"placeholderHeading":false,"name":"h-"}"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Transclusion_modifiers-Transclusion_syntax"></span>Transclusion modifiers<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Transclusion_modifiers-Transclusion_syntax"></span></span></h3> <p>As discussed above, with the example <code>{{subst:Like}}</code>, the <code>subst:</code> code alters the transclusion to substitution. This is a <i>transclusion modifier</i>, a type of specialist magic word for altering transclusion in some manner. Another example is <code>{{:Notability}}</code>, where the <code>:</code> (colon character) forces transclusion to the main namespace. There are additional transclusion modifiers such as <code>safesubst:</code>, <code>int:</code>, <code>msg:</code>, <code>msgnw:</code>, and <code>raw:</code>. For more details on their usage, see <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220416020958/https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Magic_words#Transclusion_modifiers" class="extiw" title="mw:Help:Magic words">mw:Help:Magic words § Transclusion modifiers</a>. Also see the modified commands <code>#section:</code>, <code>#section-x:</code> and <code>#section-h:</code> used for <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Labeled_section_transclusion" title="Help:Labeled section transclusion">labeled section transclusion</a>. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Applications_of_transclusion" data-mw-comment="{"type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Applications_of_transclusion","replies":["h-Composite_pages-Applications_of_transclusion","h-Pages_with_a_common_section-Applications_of_transclusion","h-Repetition_within_a_page-Applications_of_transclusion"],"headingLevel":2,"placeholderHeading":false,"name":"h-"}"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Applications_of_transclusion"></span>Applications of transclusion<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Applications_of_transclusion"></span></span></h2> <p>The most common application of transclusion is in the use of <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Template" title="Help:Template">templates</a>. However, other pages are also sometimes transcluded, mainly within project space. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Composite_pages" data-mw-comment="{"type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Composite_pages-Applications_of_transclusion","replies":[],"headingLevel":3,"placeholderHeading":false,"name":"h-"}"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Composite_pages-Applications_of_transclusion"></span>Composite pages<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Composite_pages-Applications_of_transclusion"></span></span></h3> <p>Composite pages consist, wholly or partly, of transcluded component pages. The wikitext of such a page may, partly or fully, consist of tags, for the inclusion of component pages. The component pages are usually not in the template namespace, and are often full pages in their own right. Composite pages are intended to gather them into a central location. </p><p>Examples of composite pages: </p> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Village_pump" title="Wikipedia:Village pump">Wikipedia:Village pump</a>: mostly consists of the transcluded page <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Village_pump" title="Template:Village pump">Template:Village pump</a>.</li> <li>A daily page like <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Log/2005_May_31" title="Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Log/2005 May 31">Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Log/2005 May 31</a>, where each component page consists of the discussion on the deletion of one Wikipedia page, e.g., <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Sp3tt" title="Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Sp3tt">Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Sp3tt</a>. For this day, 75 component pages made up the composite page.</li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220416020958/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Meta:Translation/Coordination" class="extiw" title="m:Meta:Translation/Coordination">m:Meta:Translation/Coordination</a>, mainly containing <ul><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220416020958/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Meta:Translation/Coordination/List/Meta" class="extiw" title="m:Meta:Translation/Coordination/List/Meta">m:Meta:Translation/Coordination/List/Meta</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220416020958/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Meta:Translation/Coordination/List/Main" class="extiw" title="m:Meta:Translation/Coordination/List/Main">m:Meta:Translation/Coordination/List/Main</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p>This allows the choice between viewing the component pages separately or together. Viewing a composite page is convenient when there are many small, related component pages, in that it allows an overview of all the components without the effort of following numerous links. </p><p>In general, each component page and the composite page are treated separately. While the actual changes on the component pages will be transcluded onto the composite page, the edit history, recent changes, page-watch settings, page protection, TOC, "what links here" links, and other features of the composite page do not reflect, or affect, the histories, watch settings, protection levels, <i>what links here</i> lists of the component pages. The composite page is a page in its own right. The talk page of a composite page is used to talk about the composition and the page in general, not the component pages; although it in turn could be a composite of the talk pages of the component pages. </p><p>Editing a section of a component page can be done directly from the composite page, see <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Section#Editing_sections_of_included_templates" title="Help:Section">editing sections of included templates</a>. After saving, one ends up editing the component page to which the section belongs. </p><p>On projects with the <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Interwiki_linking#Interlanguage_links" title="Help:Interwiki linking">interlanguage link feature</a>, the composite page shows the combined interlanguage links of all component pages, hence possibly multiple links for one language or even for one page. </p><p>See also <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:Template_namespace/Archive_1#transcluding_prose" title="Wikipedia talk:Template namespace/Archive 1">Wikipedia talk:Template namespace/Archive 1#transcluding prose</a>. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Pages_with_a_common_section" data-mw-comment="{"type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Pages_with_a_common_section-Applications_of_transclusion","replies":[],"headingLevel":3,"placeholderHeading":false,"name":"h-"}"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Pages_with_a_common_section-Applications_of_transclusion"></span>Pages with a common section<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Pages_with_a_common_section-Applications_of_transclusion"></span></span></h3> <p>When two pages need to discuss the same material in the same way, they can share a section. This involves creating a third page and transcluding that page onto both pages. This third page may be a page in its own right or a subpage of either of the other two, and if the first, it may be placed in the same namespace as the other pages or in template namespace. Common sections like this should be marked with an explanatory header, and/or given a special layout, to inform the reader that this section of the page is in a different location, since transcluding shared article sections can easily confuse novice editors and readers alike if left unmarked. </p><p>This can be very useful when two <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:DAB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:DAB">disambiguation</a> pages share content,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Consensus" title="Wikipedia:Consensus"><span title="This claim has reliable sources with contradicting facts (September 2017)">disputed</span></a> <span class="metadata"> – <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:Manual_of_Style/Disambiguation_pages#Transclusion" title="Wikipedia talk:Manual of Style/Disambiguation pages">discuss</a></span></i>]</sup> or a list page and a disambiguation page share content (see third example below). </p><p>Examples: </p> <ul><li>The <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Editing_sections_of_included_templates" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Editing sections of included templates">Help:Editing sections of included templates</a> article is included in <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Section" title="Help:Section">Help:Section</a> with the markup <code>{{Help:Editing sections of included templates}}</code>. By including a heading in the included article, a user clicking the "Edit" link on that heading in <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Section" title="Help:Section">Help:Section</a> is automatically directed to edit <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Editing_sections_of_included_templates" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Editing sections of included templates">Help:Editing sections of included templates</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220416020958/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Alphabetic_order" class="extiw" title="m:Help:Alphabetic order">m:Help:Alphabetic order</a> (<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220416020958/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help_talk:Alphabetic_order" class="extiw" title="m:Help talk:Alphabetic order">talk</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220416020958/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Whatlinkshere/Help:Alphabetic_order" class="extiw" title="m:Special:Whatlinkshere/Help:Alphabetic order">backlinks</a>, <a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220416020958/https://meta.wikimedia.org//w/index.php?title=Help:Alphabetic_order&action=edit">edit</a>)</li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Gordon-Levitt" title="Joseph Gordon-Levitt">Joseph Gordon-Levitt</a> transcludes the introduction of <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HitRecord" title="HitRecord">HitRecord</a> into a summary section of the same name, rather than maintaining two copies of the identical text.</li></ul> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Repetition_within_a_page" data-mw-comment="{"type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Repetition_within_a_page-Applications_of_transclusion","replies":[],"headingLevel":3,"placeholderHeading":false,"name":"h-"}"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Repetition_within_a_page-Applications_of_transclusion"></span>Repetition within a page<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Repetition_within_a_page-Applications_of_transclusion"></span></span></h3> <p>On pages where there is a lot of repetitive information — various kinds of lists, usually — it is sometimes useful to make a template that contains the repeating text, and then call that template multiple times. For example, <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:EH_listed_building_row" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:EH listed building row">Template:EH listed building row</a> is used repeatedly to construct tables in many articles. </p><p>Simple repetition of the same text can be handled with repetition of a parameter in a single template: e.g., {{<a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:3x" title="Template:3x">3x</a>}}, where <code>{{3x| howdy!}}</code> produces <code> howdy! howdy! howdy!</code>. </p><p>For more information on repetition, see also <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220416020958/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Recursive_conversion_of_wikitext" class="extiw" title="m:Help:Recursive conversion of wikitext">m:Help:Recursive conversion of wikitext</a>. </p><p>For more information on the current template system, see <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Template namespace">Wikipedia:Template namespace</a>. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Partial_transclusion" data-mw-comment="{"type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Partial_transclusion","replies":["h-Markup-Partial_transclusion"],"headingLevel":2,"placeholderHeading":false,"name":"h-"}"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Partial_transclusion"></span>Partial transclusion<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Partial_transclusion"></span></span></h2> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1007196855"/><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:PARTRANS"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain plainlist noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:PARTRANS&redirect=no">WP:PARTRANS</a></span></li></ul></div> <p>By using <code class="nowrap" style=""><noinclude></code>, <code class="nowrap" style=""><includeonly></code> and <code class="nowrap" style=""><onlyinclude></code> markup, it is possible to transclude <i>part</i> of a page, rather than all of it. Such partial transclusions can be achieved by transcluding from any pages, including subpages. It is often useful to exclude part of a page in a transclusion, an example being with template documentation. </p><p>For an example of how this technique can be applied to simplify the creation of <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Summary_style" title="Wikipedia:Summary style">summary articles</a>, see how part of the <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_pathology" title="History of pathology">History of pathology</a> (see the diff <a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_pathology&diff=prev&oldid=207668817">here</a>) was transcluded into <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathology" title="Pathology">Pathology</a> (see the diff <a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pathology&diff=prev&oldid=207669487">here</a>) using the <code>{{:History of pathology}}</code> markup. The Pathology article at that time (see <a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pathology&oldid=207669487">here</a>) mainly consisted of transcluded <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section">lead paragraphs</a> and other sections from a number of articles. Look at the source to see how this was done. Since then, the Pathology article has been rewritten, and does not include all these transclusions. </p><p>Another example can be found in the transclusion of part of <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HitRecord" title="HitRecord">HitRecord</a> (introductory paragraph only) into a same-named summary section in <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Gordon-Levitt#HitRecord" title="Joseph Gordon-Levitt">Joseph Gordon-Levitt</a>. </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Transclusion_markup"></span> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Markup" data-mw-comment="{"type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Markup-Partial_transclusion","replies":[],"headingLevel":3,"placeholderHeading":false,"name":"h-"}"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Markup-Partial_transclusion"></span>Markup<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Markup-Partial_transclusion"></span></span></h3> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Template#Noinclude,_includeonly,_and_onlyinclude" title="Help:Template">Help:Template § Noinclude, includeonly, and onlyinclude</a>; and <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Category#Categories_and_templates" title="Help:Category">Help:Category § Categories and templates</a></div> <p>In transclusion, a source page is transcluded into a destination page. But with partial transclusion, only part of that source page will be transcluded into a destination page. But in addition, what is transcluded to a destination page does not have to be visible on the source page. </p><p><i>Page rendering</i> of a source page can be defined as the rendering of that source page when it is saved, which will be the same as the <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Preview" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Preview">preview</a>. We can call this rendering <i><b>here</b></i>. </p><p><i>Transclusion rendering</i> of a source page can be defined as the rendering of a destination page that has a source page transcluded into it; but only that part of the destination page that was transcluded from the source page. The preview of the transclusion rendering will again be identical. We can call this rendering <i><b>there</b></i>. </p><p>There are three pairs of tags involved in cases where page rendering <i>here</i> should differ from transclusion rendering <i>there</i>. As described earlier, these are <code class="nowrap" style=""><noinclude></code>, <code class="nowrap" style=""><includeonly></code> and <code class="nowrap" style=""><onlyinclude></code>. These tags are invisible, but affect both page rendering <i>here</i> and transclusion rendering <i>there</i>. These tags pair-off to demarcate sections that will create differences. Each tag will describe exceptions to transcluding the whole page named. </p> <pre style="white-space:-moz-pre-wrap; white-space:-pre-wrap; white-space:-o-pre-wrap; white-space:pre-wrap; word-wrap:break-word;"><noinclude> This section is visible here; but this section is not visible there. Sections outside of these tags will be visible both here and there. </noinclude> <onlyinclude> This section is visible here; this section is also visible there. Sections outside of these tags will be visible here, but will not be visible there. </onlyinclude> <includeonly> This section is not visible here; but it is visible there. Sections outside of these tags will be visible both here and there. </includeonly></pre> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Wikitext </th> <th>What is rendered <i>here</i> (source page) </th> <th>What is transcluded <i>there</i> (destination page) </th></tr> <tr> <td><code class="nowrap" style=""><noinclude>text1</noinclude></code> text2 </td> <td><code>text1 text2</code> </td> <td><code>text2</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="nowrap" style=""><onlyinclude>text1</onlyinclude></code> text2 </td> <td><code>text1 text2</code> </td> <td><code>text1</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="nowrap" style=""><includeonly>text1</includeonly></code> text2 </td> <td><code>text2</code> </td> <td><code>text1 text2</code> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>An important point to note is that <code class="nowrap" style=""><noinclude></code> and <code class="nowrap" style=""><onlyinclude></code> do not affect what is page rendered <i>here</i> at all, unlike <code class="nowrap" style=""><includeonly></code>. The <code class="nowrap" style=""><noinclude></code> tags stops text inside the tags being transcluded <i>there</i>, while <code class="nowrap" style=""><onlyinclude></code> has the opposite effect: it stops text outside of the tags from being transcluded <i>there</i>. </p><p>Only <code class="nowrap" style=""><includeonly></code> stops text from being page rendered <i>here</i>. But naturally enough it is transcluded <i>there</i>. Text outside of the tags will be both rendered <i>here</i> and transcluded <i>there</i>. </p><p>There can be several such sections. Also, they can be nested. All possible differences between <i>here</i> and <i>there</i> are achievable. One example is a content editor who picks an <code class="nowrap" style=""><onlyinclude></code> section, and then takes a <code class="nowrap" style=""><noinclude></code> section out of that; but then picks out yet another <code class="nowrap" style=""><onlyinclude></code> section to append to <i>there</i>; but none of this affects their article in any way. </p><p>The other example is the template programmer, who will <code class="nowrap" style=""><includeonly></code> the code section and <code class="nowrap" style=""><noinclude></code> the documentation section of a page. </p><p>A mis-example is, on a the user page, to use <code class="nowrap" style=""><includeonly></code> to "comment out" a section. While it might comment out sections <i>here</i>, such <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invisible_ink" title="Invisible ink">invisible ink</a> may prove to be troublesome; if transcluded, the comments would be revealed. Use <code class="nowrap" style=""></code> instead. </p><p>NoInclude as a name about transcluding is pretty straightforward. A mnemonic for the other two transclusions <i>there</i> is: Inclusion<i>ONLY</i>; and <i>Yet Another ONLY</i>Inclusion. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Selective_transclusion" data-mw-comment="{"type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Selective_transclusion","replies":["h-Standard_section_transclusion_(Special_source_document_markup_not_needed!)-Selective_transclusion","h-Using_the_labeled_section_method-Selective_transclusion","h-Parametrization_method-Selective_transclusion"],"headingLevel":2,"placeholderHeading":false,"name":"h-"}"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Selective_transclusion"></span>Selective transclusion<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Selective_transclusion"></span></span></h2> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1007196855"/><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:SELECTIVETRANSCLUSION"></span><span id="WP:SELTRANS"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain plainlist noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:SELECTIVETRANSCLUSION&redirect=no">WP:SELECTIVETRANSCLUSION</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:SELTRANS&redirect=no">WP:SELTRANS</a></span></li></ul></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Excerpt" title="Template:Excerpt">Template:Excerpt</a> and <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Transcluded_section" title="Template:Transcluded section">Template:Transcluded section</a></div> <p><i>Selective transclusion</i> is the process of <a href="#Partial_transclusion">partially transcluding</a> one selected section of a document that has more than one transcludable section. As noted above, if only one section of a document is to be transcluded, this can be done by simply surrounding the section of interest with <code><onlyinclude> … </onlyinclude></code> tags, and transcluding the whole page. However, to selectively transclude one section from a template or document into one page, and another section from the same template or document into a second page and/or a different section of the same page, requires a way to: </p> <dl><dd>a) uniquely mark each transcludable section in the source document; and</dd> <dd>b) in the target document(s) (those to show the transcluded sections), a way to specify which section is to be transcluded.</dd></dl> <p>This section describes how to accomplish this. There are three ways of doing this: (1) Section header-based transclusion, (2) Labeled section transclusion, and (3) the parametrization method. </p> <h3><span id="Standard_section_transclusion_.28Special_source_document_markup_not_needed.21.29"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Standard_section_transclusion_(Special_source_document_markup_not_needed!)" data-mw-comment="{"type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Standard_section_transclusion_(Special_source_document_markup_not_needed!)-Selective_transclusion","replies":["h-Transcluded_section_hatnote-Standard_section_transclusion_(Special_source_document_markup_not_needed!)"],"headingLevel":3,"placeholderHeading":false,"name":"h-"}"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Standard_section_transclusion_(Special_source_document_markup_not_needed!)-Selective_transclusion"></span>Standard section transclusion (Special source document markup not needed!)<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Standard_section_transclusion_(Special_source_document_markup_not_needed!)-Selective_transclusion"></span></span></h3> <p>Using <code>{{#section-h:PAGENAME|SECTIONNAME}}</code>, one can easily transclude the content within a section on one page to another by referring to the standard, ubiquitous headline-based section headers used throughout Wikipedia. To transclude the lead of an article with this method, one can use <span class="nowrap"><code>{{#section-h:PAGENAME}}</code></span>. This is simpler than the already widely used selective transclusion methods of the sections below, which require special source document markup. </p><p><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20220416020958im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Exclamationdiamond.svg/30px-Exclamationdiamond.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20220416020958im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Exclamationdiamond.svg/45px-Exclamationdiamond.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20220416020958im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Exclamationdiamond.svg/60px-Exclamationdiamond.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48"/> <b>This selective transclusion method often adds a line break above and/or below the section transclusion, depending upon the source and target document markup; to avoid this issue, wrap the selective transclusion template in a <code>{{<a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Trim" title="Template:Trim">trim</a>}}</code> template.</b> In other words, use the following modifications to the transclusion code listed immediately above: </p> <ul><li>Code for transcluding a section in the body of an article: <code>{{trim|{{#section-h:PAGENAME|SECTIONNAME}}}}</code></li> <li>Code for transcluding the lead of an article: <code>{{trim|{{#section-h:PAGENAME}}}}</code></li></ul> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Transcluded_section_hatnote" data-mw-comment="{"type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Transcluded_section_hatnote-Standard_section_transclusion_(Special_source_document_markup_not_needed!)","replies":[],"headingLevel":4,"placeholderHeading":false,"name":"h-"}"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Transcluded_section_hatnote-Standard_section_transclusion_(Special_source_document_markup_not_needed!)"></span>Transcluded section hatnote<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Transcluded_section_hatnote-Standard_section_transclusion_(Special_source_document_markup_not_needed!)"></span></span></h4> <p>For the purpose of indicating where selectively transcluded article content is located, it is helpful to include a <code>{{<a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Transcluded_section" title="Template:Transcluded section">Transcluded section</a>}}</code> hatnote at the top of the corresponding section of an article; i.e., use either <span class="nowrap"><code>{{transcluded section|source=PAGENAME}}</code></span> or <span class="nowrap"><code>{{transcluded section|source=PAGENAME|part=yes}}</code></span>, depending upon whether the transcluded content comprises an entire section of the target page. These templates render as follows. </p> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><code>{{transcluded section|source=PAGENAME}}</code></span> renders as:</li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a class="mw-selflink selflink">transcluded</a> from <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=PAGENAME&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PAGENAME (page does not exist)">PAGENAME</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal"><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=PAGENAME&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=PAGENAME&action=history">history</a>)</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><code>{{transcluded section|source=PAGENAME|part=yes}}</code></span> renders as:</li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">Part of this section is <a class="mw-selflink selflink">transcluded</a> from <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=PAGENAME&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PAGENAME (page does not exist)">PAGENAME</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal"><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=PAGENAME&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=PAGENAME&action=history">history</a>)</span></span></div> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Using_the_labeled_section_method" data-mw-comment="{"type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Using_the_labeled_section_method-Selective_transclusion","replies":[],"headingLevel":3,"placeholderHeading":false,"name":"h-"}"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Using_the_labeled_section_method-Selective_transclusion"></span>Using the labeled section method<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Using_the_labeled_section_method-Selective_transclusion"></span></span></h3> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main page: <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Labeled_section_transclusion" title="Help:Labeled section transclusion">Help:Labeled section transclusion</a></div> <p>Labeled-section selective transclusion uses the <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:PF" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:PF">parser functions</a> listed in <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220416020958/https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Labeled_Section_Transclusion" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Labeled Section Transclusion">mw:Extension:Labeled Section Transclusion</a>, which are enabled on all Wikimedia wikis, to selectively transclude content. See <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Labeled_section_transclusion" title="Help:Labeled section transclusion">Help:Labeled section transclusion</a> for how labeled section transclusion works. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Parametrization_method" data-mw-comment="{"type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Parametrization_method-Selective_transclusion","replies":["h-Source_document_markup-Parametrization_method","h-Target_document_markup-Parametrization_method","h-Example-Parametrization_method","h-Additional_markup_for_selectively_transcluded_sub-article_leads-Parametrization_method"],"headingLevel":3,"placeholderHeading":false,"name":"h-"}"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Parametrization_method-Selective_transclusion"></span>Parametrization method<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Parametrization_method-Selective_transclusion"></span></span></h3> <h5><span class="mw-headline" id="Source_document_markup" data-mw-comment="{"type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Source_document_markup-Parametrization_method","replies":[],"headingLevel":5,"placeholderHeading":false,"name":"h-"}"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Source_document_markup-Parametrization_method"></span>Source document markup<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Source_document_markup-Parametrization_method"></span></span></h5> <p>Insert the following line into the "source" document (the one from which text is to be transcluded), immediately preceding the first line of each section to be transcluded, substituting SECTIONNAME (twice) with the unique name of the respective section. The section name can be any identifier and must be unique within that document: </p> <dl><dd><code><onlyinclude>{{#ifeq:{{{transcludesection|SECTIONNAME}}}|SECTIONNAME|</code></dd></dl> <p>End each such transcludable section with: </p> <dl><dd><code>}}</onlyinclude></code></dd></dl> <h5><span class="mw-headline" id="Target_document_markup" data-mw-comment="{"type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Target_document_markup-Parametrization_method","replies":[],"headingLevel":5,"placeholderHeading":false,"name":"h-"}"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Target_document_markup-Parametrization_method"></span>Target document markup<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Target_document_markup-Parametrization_method"></span></span></h5> <p>To transclude a section marked as above into another page (the "target page"), use the following line on that page, substituting PAGENAME for the "source" document from which text to be transcluded, and SECTIONNAME with the name of the section you want to transclude: </p> <dl><dd><code>{{PAGENAME|transcludesection=SECTIONNAME}}</code></dd></dl> <p>Thus each section enclosed within <code><onlyinclude> … </onlyinclude> </code> tags will always be rendered when the <code>transcludesection</code> parameter is not set (when the document is viewed ordinarily, or when the document is transcluded without setting the <code>transcludesection</code> parameter as shown below), and will be rendered by transclusion on any page that does set <code>transcludesection</code> to the section's name. It will <i>not</i> be rendered by transclusion that uses the <code>transcludesection</code> parameter but sets it to anything other than the name of the section. </p><p>Also, when providing PAGENAME, without providing a <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Namespace" title="Wikipedia:Namespace">Namespace</a>, the wiki will assume that the PAGENAME belongs in the <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Template namespace">Template Namespace</a>. To transclude from a <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Main_namespace" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Main namespace">Mainspace</a> article, use :PAGENAME. </p> <dl><dd><code>{{:PAGENAME|transcludesection=SECTIONNAME}}</code></dd></dl> <h5><span class="mw-headline" id="Example" data-mw-comment="{"type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Example-Parametrization_method","replies":[],"headingLevel":5,"placeholderHeading":false,"name":"h-"}"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Example-Parametrization_method"></span>Example<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Example-Parametrization_method"></span></span></h5> <p>If we want to make the "Principal Criteria" and "Common Name" sections of <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:TITLE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:TITLE">WP:TITLE</a> be independently transcludable, we edit the WP:TITLE page and enclose the "Principal Criteria" section as follows: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-xml+smarty mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="nt"><onlyinclude></span><span class="cp">{{</span><span class="err">#</span><span class="na">ifeq</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="cp">{{{</span><span class="na">transcludesection</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="na">principalcriteria</span><span class="cp">}}}</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="na">principalcriteria</span><span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">...</span> <span class="s1">''</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="na">text</span> <span class="na">of</span> <span class="s2">"Principal Criteria"</span> <span class="na">section</span><span class="o">)</span><span class="s1">''</span> <span class="o">...</span> <span class="cp">}}</span><span class="nt"></onlyinclude></span> </pre></div> <p>Similarly, we enclose the "Common Name" section with: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-xml+smarty mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="nt"><onlyinclude></span><span class="cp">{{</span><span class="err">#</span><span class="na">ifeq</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="cp">{{{</span><span class="na">transcludesection</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="na">commonname</span><span class="cp">}}}</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="na">commonname</span><span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">...</span> <span class="s1">''</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="na">text</span> <span class="na">of</span> <span class="s2">"Common Name"</span> <span class="na">section</span><span class="o">)</span><span class="s1">''</span> <span class="o">...</span> <span class="cp">}}</span><span class="nt"></onlyinclude></span> </pre></div> <p>Then, to transclude the "Principal Criteria" section into another page, we insert into that page: </p> <dl><dd><code>{{WP:TITLE|transcludesection=principalcriteria}}</code></dd></dl> <p>To transclude the "Common Name" section into another page, we insert into that page: </p> <dl><dd><code>{{WP:TITLE|transcludesection=commonname}}</code></dd></dl> <p>Of course, the same page can transclude two or more sections this way by including multiple such lines. </p><p>There is no limit to how many selectable sections for transclusion a document can have. The only requirement is that each <code>transcludesection</code> be given a value that is unique within that page. </p> <h5><span class="mw-headline" id="Additional_markup_for_selectively_transcluded_sub-article_leads" data-mw-comment="{"type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Additional_markup_for_selectively_transcluded_sub-article_leads-Parametrization_method","replies":[],"headingLevel":5,"placeholderHeading":false,"name":"h-"}"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Additional_markup_for_selectively_transcluded_sub-article_leads-Parametrization_method"></span>Additional markup for selectively transcluded sub-article leads<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Additional_markup_for_selectively_transcluded_sub-article_leads-Parametrization_method"></span></span></h5> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Summary_style#Using_excerpts_for_article_synchronization" title="Wikipedia:Summary style">Wikipedia:Summary style § Using excerpts for article synchronization</a></div> <p>Per <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOS:LEAD#Format_of_the_first_sentence" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:LEAD">MOS:LEAD#Format of the first sentence</a>, the first instance of the sub-article title should appear in bold in the first lead sentence of that article; this is often not desirable for a transclusion to a section of the parent article. In addition, the parent article is often wikilinked in the lead of a sub-article; when transcluded to the parent article, this wikilink will appear as bold text. The wikitext markup listed below can be used to address both of these problems. </p><p>To ensure that the article title is bolded in the first sentence of the sub-article, but unbolded and wikilinked in the transclusion to the parent article, make the following replacement in the sub-article's first lead sentence: </p> <dl><dd>Replace <dl><dd><code><b><var style="padding-right: 1px;">SUB-ARTICLE_PAGENAME</var></b></code></dd></dl></dd> <dd>with <dl><dd><code><noinclude>'''</noinclude>{{No selflink|<var style="padding-right: 1px;">SUB-ARTICLE_PAGENAME</var>}}<noinclude>'''</noinclude></code></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>If there is a wikilink to the parent article in the lead section of the sub-article, replacing the wikilink to the parent article with a <code>{{<a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:No_selflink" title="Template:No selflink">no selflink</a>}}</code> template will ensure that it is wikilinked in the sub-article's lead but not in the transclusion to the parent article. In other words: </p> <ol><li>If the wikilink to the parent article is not a <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Piped_link" title="Wikipedia:Piped link">WP:Piped link</a>, replace <code>[[<var style="padding-right: 1px;">PARENT_ARTICLE</var>]]</code> with <code>{{no selflink|<var style="padding-right: 1px;">PARENT_ARTICLE</var>}}</code> in the sub-article's lead</li> <li>If the <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Piped_link" title="Wikipedia:Piped link">wikilink to the parent article includes a pipe (e.g., this link)</a>, replace <code>[[<var style="padding-right: 1px;">PARENT_ARTICLE</var>|<var style="padding-right: 1px;">Piped link wikitext</var>]]</code> with <code>{{No selflink|<var style="padding-right: 1px;">PARENT_ARTICLE</var>|<var style="padding-right: 1px;">Piped link wikitext</var>}}</code> in the sub-article's lead</li></ol> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Drawbacks" data-mw-comment="{"type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Drawbacks","replies":[],"headingLevel":2,"placeholderHeading":false,"name":"h-"}"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Drawbacks"></span>Drawbacks<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Drawbacks"></span></span></h2> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1007196855"/><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="H:TRANSDRAWBACKS"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain plainlist noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H:TRANSDRAWBACKS&redirect=no">H:TRANSDRAWBACKS</a></span></li></ul></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Transclusion_costs_and_benefits" title="Wikipedia:Transclusion costs and benefits">Wikipedia:Transclusion costs and benefits</a></div> <p>Like many software technologies, transclusion comes with a number of drawbacks. The most obvious one being the cost in terms of increased machine resources needed; to mitigate this to some extent, <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_limits" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Template limits">template limits</a> are imposed by the software to reduce the complexity of pages. Some further drawbacks are listed below. </p> <ul><li>Excerpts break the link between article code and article output.</li> <li>Changes made to transcluded content often do not appear in watchlists, resulting in unseen changes on the target page.</li> <li>{{<a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Excerpt" title="Template:Excerpt">excerpt</a>}} and related templates may require using <code class="nowrap" style=""><noinclude></code>, <code class="nowrap" style=""><includeonly></code> and <code class="nowrap" style=""><onlyinclude></code> markup at the transcluded page to have <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:SELECTIVETRANSCLUSION" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:SELECTIVETRANSCLUSION">selective content</a>; that would require monitoring that the markup is sustained.</li> <li>Excerpts cause editors to monitor transcluded pages for "section heading" changes to ensure transclusion continues to work.</li> <li>Transcluded text may cause <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOS:REFLINK" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:REFLINK">repeated links</a> and <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Cite_errors/Cite_error_references_no_text" title="Help:Cite errors/Cite error references no text">no-text cite errors</a>.</li> <li>Transcluded text may have different <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:CITEVAR" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:CITEVAR">established reference styles</a>, <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOS:ENGVAR" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:ENGVAR">varieties of English</a> or <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:DATERET" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:DATERET">date formats</a> than the target page.</li> <li>Transclusions do not reflect <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy" title="Wikipedia:Protection policy">protection levels</a>, resulting in transcluded text perhaps having a different <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:PPLIST" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:PPLIST">level of protection</a> than the target page.</li> <li>Excerpts can result in content discussions <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:CROSS-POST" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:CROSS-POST">over multiple talk pages</a> that may have different considerations or objectives for readers.</li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Special_pages" data-mw-comment="{"type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Special_pages","replies":[],"headingLevel":2,"placeholderHeading":false,"name":"h-"}"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Special_pages"></span>Special pages<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Special_pages"></span></span></h2> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Special_pages#Miscellaneous" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Special pages">Wikipedia:Special pages § Miscellaneous</a></div> <p>Some pages on <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="Special:SpecialPages">Special:Specialpages</a> can be transcluded, such as <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:AllPages" title="Special:AllPages">Special:Allpages</a>, <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:PrefixIndex" title="Special:PrefixIndex">Special:Prefixindex</a>, <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:NewFiles" title="Special:NewFiles">Special:Newfiles</a>, <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:NewPages" title="Special:NewPages">Special:Newpages</a>, <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="Special:RecentChanges">Special:Recentchanges</a> and <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked" title="Special:RecentChangesLinked">Special:Recentchangeslinked</a>. Samples: </p> <ul><li><code>{{Special:Allpages/General}}</code> – a list of pages starting at "General".</li> <li><code>{{Special:Prefixindex/General}}</code> – a list of pages with prefix "General".</li> <li><code>{{Special:Newfiles/4}}</code> – a gallery of the four most recently uploaded files.</li> <li><code>{{Special:Newpages/5}}</code> – a list of the five most recently created pages.</li> <li><code>{{Special:Recentchanges/5}}</code> – the five most recent changes.</li> <li><code>{{Special:Recentchangeslinked/General}}</code> – recent changes to the pages linked from "General".</li></ul> <p>Attempting to transclude <code>{{Special:Categories}}</code> will not result in an actual list of categories, but <code>{{Special:Prefixindex/Category:}}</code> can be used for this purpose. </p><p>Except for <code>Special:Recentchangeslinked</code>, the slash, and the word or number after the slash, can be omitted, giving a list of pages without a specific starting point, or a list of the default length. </p><p><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:URL" title="Help:URL">URL</a> parameters can be given like template parameters: </p> <ul><li><code>{{Special:Recentchanges|namespace=10|limit=5}}</code> – the five most recent changes in the "Template" namespace.</li> <li><code>{{Special:Prefixindex/Jimbo Wales/|namespace=2|stripprefix=1}}</code> – the subpages for <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Jimbo_Wales" title="User:Jimbo Wales">User:Jimbo Wales</a>, but without the user page prefix.</li></ul> <p><i>Note:</i> Transcluding certain special pages (such as <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:NewPages" title="Special:NewPages">Special:Newpages</a>) can change the <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Page_name" title="Wikipedia:Page name">displayed title</a> of the page. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also" data-mw-comment="{"type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-See_also","replies":["h-MediaWiki_transclusion-See_also","h-Templates-See_also","h-Other-See_also"],"headingLevel":2,"placeholderHeading":false,"name":"h-"}"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-See_also"></span>See also<span data-mw-comment-end="h-See_also"></span></span></h2> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="MediaWiki_transclusion" data-mw-comment="{"type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-MediaWiki_transclusion-See_also","replies":[],"headingLevel":3,"placeholderHeading":false,"name":"h-"}"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-MediaWiki_transclusion-See_also"></span>MediaWiki transclusion<span data-mw-comment-end="h-MediaWiki_transclusion-See_also"></span></span></h3> <ul><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220416020958/https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Transclusion" class="extiw" title="mw:Transclusion">mw:Transclusion</a>: a simple introduction (at MediaWiki).</li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220416020958/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Embed_page" class="extiw" title="meta:Help:Embed page">meta:Help:Embed page</a>: gives basic information (at Meta-Wiki).</li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:MediaWiki_namespace" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:MediaWiki namespace">Wikipedia:MediaWiki namespace</a> <ul><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220416020958/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:MediaWiki_namespace" class="extiw" title="meta:Help:MediaWiki namespace">meta:Help:MediaWiki namespace</a>: at Meta-Wiki.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220416020958/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Variable" class="extiw" title="meta:Help:Variable">meta:Help:Variable</a>: information on <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki" title="MediaWiki">MediaWiki</a> variables (at Meta-Wiki).</li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Labeled_section_transclusion" title="Help:Labeled section transclusion">Help:Labeled section transclusion</a>: <ul><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220416020958/https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Labeled_Section_Transclusion" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Labeled Section Transclusion">mw:Extension:Labeled Section Transclusion</a>:at MediaWiki.</li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220416020958/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Template#Labeled_section_transclusion" class="extiw" title="meta:Help:Template">meta:Help:Template#Labeled section transclusion</a>: at Meta-Wiki.</li></ul></li></ul> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Templates" data-mw-comment="{"type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Templates-See_also","replies":[],"headingLevel":3,"placeholderHeading":false,"name":"h-"}"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Templates-See_also"></span>Templates<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Templates-See_also"></span></span></h3> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:A_quick_guide_to_templates" title="Help:A quick guide to templates">Help:A quick guide to templates</a>: a simple introduction.</li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Template" title="Help:Template">Help:Template</a>: more detailed description. <ul><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220416020958/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Template" class="extiw" title="meta:Help:Template">meta:Help:Template</a>: help at Meta-Wiki. Links to various other guides in the lead.</li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220416020958/https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Template" class="extiw" title="mw:Help:Template">mw:Help:Template</a>: a simple introduction at MediaWiki.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index" title="Wikipedia:Template index">Wikipedia:Template index</a>: a directory of available templates.</li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Template namespace">Wikipedia:Template namespace</a>: about the template <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Namespace" title="Wikipedia:Namespace">namespace</a>.</li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_limits" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Template limits">Wikipedia:Template limits</a>: limitations to complexity of pages.</li></ul> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Other" data-mw-comment="{"type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Other-See_also","replies":[],"headingLevel":3,"placeholderHeading":false,"name":"h-"}"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Other-See_also"></span>Other<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Other-See_also"></span></span></h3> <table role="presentation" class="metadata mbox-small plainlinks" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;color:#000"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1px"></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist">This page is referenced in the <span class="nowrap"><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Glossary" title="Wikipedia:Glossary">Wikipedia Glossary</a></span>.</td> <td class="mbox-imageright"><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w.svg" class="image"><img alt="Wiki letter w.svg" src="//web.archive.org/web/20220416020958im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/44px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png" decoding="async" width="44" height="44" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20220416020958im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/66px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20220416020958im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/88px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="44"/></a></td></tr> </tbody></table> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Valereee/Substitution_and_transclusion_for_dummies" title="User:Valereee/Substitution and transclusion for dummies">Transclusion for Dummies</a></li> <li>{{<a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_transclusion" title="Template:User transclusion">User transclusion</a>}} and {{<a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_transclusion_no" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:User transclusion no">User transclusion no</a>}} – userboxes for declaring one's stance on transclusion</li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Purge" title="Wikipedia:Purge">Wikipedia:Purge</a>: to force transclusion of newly updated templates.</li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Substitution" title="Wikipedia:Substitution">Wikipedia:Substitution</a>: the opposite of transclusion.</li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Modular_Articles" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Modular Articles">Wikipedia:WikiProject Modular Articles</a>: now defunct.</li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220416020958/https://bugzilla.wikimedia.org/4547" class="extiw" title="mediazilla:4547">Bugzilla:Request for template transclusion from Commons</a>: a proposal for interwiki template support.</li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220416020958/https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/User:Peter17/Reasonably_efficient_interwiki_transclusion" class="extiw" title="mw:User:Peter17/Reasonably efficient interwiki transclusion">Mw:User:Peter17/Reasonably efficient interwiki transclusion</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1061467846">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Portal_templates" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1063604349">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Portal_templates_navbox" title="Template:Portal templates navbox"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Portal_templates_navbox" title="Template talk:Portal templates navbox"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Portal_templates_navbox&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Portal_templates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Portal" title="Wikipedia:Portal">Portal</a> templates</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div id="Visual_overview_of_template_usage"><b><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Portals/Components" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Portals/Components">Visual overview of template usage</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Layout and formatting</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>{{<a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Box_portal_skeleton" title="Template:Box portal skeleton">Box portal skeleton</a>}}</li> <li>{{<a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Box-header" title="Template:Box-header">Box-header</a>}} <ul><li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Box-header#Box-header_color_palettes" title="Template:Box-header">color palettes</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Box-header-plain" title="Template:Box-header-plain">plain</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Box-header-round" title="Template:Box-header-round">round</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Box-header-square" title="Template:Box-header-square">square</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Box-header-watch" title="Template:Box-header-watch">watch</a></li></ul></li> <li>{{<a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Box-header_colour" title="Template:Box-header colour">Box-header colour</a>}}<sup>1</sup></li> <li>{{<a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Box-footer" title="Template:Box-footer">Box-footer</a>}}</li> <li>{{<a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Flex_columns" title="Template:Flex columns">Flex columns</a>}}</li> <li>{{<a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Plain_navboxes" title="Template:Plain navboxes">Plain navboxes</a>}}</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="10" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Portal.svg" class="image"><img alt="Portal.svg" src="//web.archive.org/web/20220416020958im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/50px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="44" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20220416020958im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/75px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20220416020958im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/100px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32"/></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Content transclusion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>{{<a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Transclude_lead_excerpt" title="Template:Transclude lead excerpt">Transclude lead excerpt</a>}}<sup>2</sup></li> <li>{{<a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Transclude_linked_excerpt" title="Template:Transclude linked excerpt">Transclude linked excerpt</a>}}<sup>2</sup></li> <li>{{<a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Transclude_list_item_excerpt" title="Template:Transclude list item excerpt">Transclude list item excerpt</a>}}<sup>2</sup></li> <li>{{<a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Transclude_random_excerpt" title="Template:Transclude random excerpt">Transclude random excerpt</a>}}<sup>2</sup></li> <li>{{<a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Transclude_selected_excerpt" title="Template:Transclude selected excerpt">Transclude selected excerpt</a>}}<sup>2</sup></li> <li>{{<a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Excerpt" title="Template:Excerpt">Excerpt</a>}}</li> <li>{{<a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Transclude_DYK" title="Template:Transclude DYK">Transclude DYK</a>}}<sup>9</sup></li> <li>{{<a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Transclude_selected_current_events" title="Template:Transclude selected current events">Transclude selected current events</a>}}<sup>3</sup></li> <li>{{<a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Transclude_selected_recent_additions" title="Template:Transclude selected recent additions">Transclude selected recent additions</a>}}<sup>4</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Content slideshows</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>{{<a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Random_slideshow" title="Template:Random slideshow">Random slideshow</a>}}<sup>5</sup></li> <li>{{<a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Transclude_files_as_random_slideshow" title="Template:Transclude files as random slideshow">Transclude files as random slideshow</a>}}<sup>5</sup></li> <li>{{<a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Transclude_excerpts_as_random_slideshow" title="Template:Transclude excerpts as random slideshow">Transclude excerpts as random slideshow</a>}}<sup>6</sup></li> <li>{{<a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Transclude_linked_excerpts_as_random_slideshow" title="Template:Transclude linked excerpts as random slideshow">Transclude linked excerpts as random slideshow</a>}}<sup>6</sup></li> <li>{{<a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Transclude_list_item_excerpts_as_random_slideshow" title="Template:Transclude list item excerpts as random slideshow">Transclude list item excerpts as random slideshow</a>}}<sup>6</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Content randomisation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>{{<a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Random_portal_component" title="Template:Random portal component">Random portal component</a>}}<sup>7</sup></li> <li>{{<a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Random_quotation" title="Template:Random quotation">Random quotation</a>}}</li> <li>{{<a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Random_subpage" title="Template:Random subpage">Random subpage</a>}}</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>{{<a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Portals" title="Template:Portals">Portals</a>}}</li> <li>{{<a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Portals_browsebar" title="Template:Portals browsebar">Portals browsebar</a>}}</li> <li>{{<a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Portal_description" title="Template:Portal description">Portal description</a>}}</li> <li>{{<a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Portal_information_sidebar" title="Template:Portal information sidebar">Portal information sidebar</a>}}</li> <li>{{<a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Portal_navbar_no_header2" title="Template:Portal navbar no header2">Portal navbar no header2</a>}}</li> <li>{{<a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Purge_link_portals" title="Template:Purge link portals">Purge link portals</a>}}</li> <li>{{<a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Wikimedia_for_portals" title="Template:Wikimedia for portals">Wikimedia for portals</a>}}</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Linking templates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>{{<a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Portal" title="Template:Portal">Portal</a>}}</li> <li>{{<a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Portal_bar" title="Template:Portal bar">Portal bar</a>}}</li> <li>{{<a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Portal-inline" title="Template:Portal-inline">Portal-inline</a>}}<sup>11</sup></li> <li>{{<a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Pbox" title="Template:Pbox">Pbox</a>}}</li> <li>{{<a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Related_portals" title="Template:Related portals">Related portals</a>}}</li> <li>{{<a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Related_portals2" title="Template:Related portals2">Related portals2</a>}}</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Talk pages / Maintenance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>{{<a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Portal_talk" title="Template:Portal talk">Portal talk</a>}}</li> <li>{{<a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Portal_maintenance_status" title="Template:Portal maintenance status">Portal maintenance status</a>}}<sup>8</sup></li> <li>{{<a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Portal_suggestions" title="Template:Portal suggestions">Portal suggestions</a>}}</li> <li>{{<a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Portal_toolbox" title="Template:Portal toolbox">Portal toolbox</a>}}</li> <li>{{<a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:WikiProject_Portals" title="Template:WikiProject Portals">WikiProject Portals</a>}}<sup>8</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Images</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>{{<a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Portal_dynamic_image" title="Template:Portal dynamic image">Portal dynamic image</a>}}</li> <li>{{<a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Portal_image_banner" title="Template:Portal image banner">Portal image banner</a>}}<sup>10</sup></li> <li>{{<a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Portal_pictures" title="Template:Portal pictures">Portal pictures</a>}}<sup>12</sup></li> <li>{{<a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Portal_POTD" title="Template:Portal POTD">Portal POTD</a>}}</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modules</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><sup>1</sup> <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Module:Box-header" title="Module:Box-header">Module:Box-header</a></li> <li><sup>2</sup> <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Module:Excerpt/portals" title="Module:Excerpt/portals">Module:Excerpt/portals</a></li> <li><sup>3</sup> <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Module:Selected_current_events" title="Module:Selected current events">Module:Selected current events</a></li> <li><sup>4</sup> <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Module:Selected_recent_additions" title="Module:Selected recent additions">Module:Selected recent additions</a></li> <li><sup>5</sup> <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Module:Random_slideshow" title="Module:Random slideshow">Module:Random slideshow</a></li> <li><sup>6</sup> <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Module:Excerpt_slideshow" title="Module:Excerpt slideshow">Module:Excerpt slideshow</a></li> <li><sup>7</sup> <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Module:Random_portal_component" title="Module:Random portal component">Module:Random portal component</a></li> <li><sup>8</sup> <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Module:Portal_maintenance_status" title="Module:Portal maintenance status">Module:Portal maintenance status</a></li> <li><sup>9</sup> <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Module:Transclude_DYK" title="Module:Transclude DYK">Module:Transclude DYK</a></li> <li><sup>10</sup> <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Module:Portal_image_banner" title="Module:Portal image banner">Module:Portal image banner</a></li> <li><sup>11</sup> <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Module:Portal-inline" title="Module:Portal-inline">Module:Portal-inline</a></li> <li><sup>12</sup> <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Module:Portal_pictures" title="Module:Portal pictures">Module:Portal pictures</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Usage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Portal" title="Wikipedia:Portal">Wikipedia:Portal</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Portals" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Portals">Wikipedia:WikiProject Portals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><i>For more information, see: <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Template-Class_Portal_pages" title="Category:Template-Class Portal pages">Category:Template-Class Portal pages</a> and <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Portal_templates" title="Category:Wikipedia Portal templates">Category:Wikipedia Portal templates</a></i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"/></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Wikipedia_technical_help" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_technical_help" title="Template:Wikipedia technical help"><abbr title="View this template" style="text-align: center;;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Wikipedia_technical_help" title="Template talk:Wikipedia technical help"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="text-align: center;;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Wikipedia_technical_help&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="text-align: center;;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Wikipedia_technical_help" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Directory#Technical_help" title="Help:Directory">Wikipedia technical help</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div id="Get_personal_technical_help_at_the_Teahouse,_Help_desk,_Village_pump_(technical),_talk_pages_or_IRC."><b>Get personal technical help at <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Teahouse" title="Wikipedia:Teahouse">the Teahouse</a>, <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a>, <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Village_pump_(technical)" title="Wikipedia:Village pump (technical)">Village pump (technical)</a>, <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_talk_pages/1" title="Help:Introduction to talk pages/1">talk pages</a> or <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC" title="Wikipedia:IRC">IRC</a>.</b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Technical" title="Wikipedia:FAQ/Technical">General<br/>technical help</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Browser_notes" title="Wikipedia:Browser notes">Browser notes</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Bypass_your_cache" title="Wikipedia:Bypass your cache">Bypass cache</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Keyboard_shortcuts" title="Wikipedia:Keyboard shortcuts">Keyboard shortcuts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Editing" title="Help:Editing">Editing</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CharInsert" title="Help:CharInsert">CharInsert</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Edit_conflict" title="Help:Edit conflict">Edit conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Edit_toolbar" title="Help:Edit toolbar">Edit toolbar</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Reverting" title="Help:Reverting">Reverting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:How_to_create_a_page" title="Wikipedia:How to create a page">How to create a page</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC" title="Wikipedia:IRC">IRC</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC/Tutorial" title="Wikipedia:IRC/Tutorial">Tutorial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Mobile_access" title="Help:Mobile access">Mobile access</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Multilingual_support" title="Help:Multilingual support">Multilingual support</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Page_history" title="Help:Page history">Page history</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Page_information" title="Help:Page information">Page information</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Page_name" title="Wikipedia:Page name">Page name</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Page_name" title="Help:Page name">Help</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Printing" title="Help:Printing">Printing</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Software_notices" title="Wikipedia:Software notices">Software notices</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Editnotice" title="Wikipedia:Editnotice">Editnotice</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Special_characters" title="Help:Special characters">Special Characters</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Entering_special_characters" title="Help:Entering special characters">Entering</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:User_access_levels" title="Wikipedia:User access levels">User access levels</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:VisualEditor" title="Wikipedia:VisualEditor">VisualEditor</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:VisualEditor/User_guide" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:VisualEditor/User guide">User guide</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="Special:SpecialPages">Special<br/>page</a>-related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Special_page" title="Help:Special page">Special page help</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Edit_filter" title="Wikipedia:Edit filter">Edit filter</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Emailing_users" title="Wikipedia:Emailing users">Emailing users</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Logging_in" title="Help:Logging in">Logging in</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Reset_password" title="Help:Reset password">Reset passwords</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Log" title="Help:Log">Logs</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Moving_a_page" title="Wikipedia:Moving a page">Moving a page</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Administrators%27_guide/Fixing_cut-and-paste_moves" title="Wikipedia:Administrators' guide/Fixing cut-and-paste moves">Fixing cut-and-paste moves</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:When_to_place_technical_requests_in_%22Administrator_needed%22" title="Help:When to place technical requests in "Administrator needed"">Non-admin and admin-only page moves</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Notifications" title="Help:Notifications">Notifications/Echo</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Notifications/FAQ" title="Help:Notifications/FAQ">FAQ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Page_Curation/Help" title="Wikipedia:Page Curation/Help">Page Curation</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Import" title="Help:Import">Page import</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Pending_changes" title="Wikipedia:Pending changes">Pending changes</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Random" title="Wikipedia:Random">Random pages</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Recent_changes" title="Help:Recent changes">Recent changes</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Related_changes" title="Help:Related changes">Related changes</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Searching" title="Help:Searching">Searching</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Linksearch" title="Help:Linksearch">Linksearch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Tags" title="Wikipedia:Tags">Tags</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:User_contributions" title="Help:User contributions">User contributions</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Watchlist" title="Help:Watchlist">Watchlist</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:What_links_here" title="Help:What links here">What links here</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Wikitext" title="Help:Wikitext">Wikitext</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Wikitext" title="Help:Wikitext">Wikitext</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Cheatsheet" title="Help:Cheatsheet">Cheatsheet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Columns" title="Help:Columns">Columns</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Line-break_handling" title="Help:Line-break handling">Line-break handling</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:List" title="Help:List">Lists</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Magic_words" title="Help:Magic words">Magic words</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Magic_words_for_beginners" title="Help:Magic words for beginners">For beginners</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Conditional_expressions" title="Help:Conditional expressions">Conditional expressions</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Switch_parser_function" title="Help:Switch parser function">Switch parser function</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Time_function" title="Help:Time function">Time function</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Redirect" title="Help:Redirect">Redirects</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Section" title="Help:Section">Sections and TOCs</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Table" title="Help:Table">Tables</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_tables_with_Wiki_Markup/1" title="Help:Introduction to tables with Wiki Markup/1">Introduction</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Basic_table_markup" title="Help:Basic table markup">Basics</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Advanced_table_formatting" title="Wikipedia:Advanced table formatting">Advanced table formatting</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Collapsing" title="Help:Collapsing">Collapsing</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Conditional_tables" title="Help:Conditional tables">Conditional tables</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Sorting" title="Help:Sorting">Sorting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Using_colours" title="Help:Using colours">Using colours</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Link" title="Help:Link">Links</a> and <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Diff" title="Help:Diff">diffs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Link" title="Help:Link">Links</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">Interlanguage</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Interwiki_linking" title="Help:Interwiki linking">Interwiki</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Permanent_link" title="Help:Permanent link">Permanent</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Diff" title="Help:Diff">Diffs</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Simplest_diff_guide" title="Wikipedia:Simplest diff guide">Simplest diff guide</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Simple_diff_and_link_guide" title="Wikipedia:Simple diff and link guide">Simple diff and link guide</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Complete_diff_and_link_guide" title="Wikipedia:Complete diff and link guide">Complete diff and link guide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Colon_trick" title="Help:Colon trick">Colon trick</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Link_color" title="Help:Link color">Link color</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Pipe_trick" title="Help:Pipe trick">Pipe trick</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:URL" title="Help:URL">URLs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Media" class="mw-disambig" title="Wikipedia:Media">Media</a> files: images,<br/>videos and sounds</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">Media help</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Files" title="Help:Files">Files</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Creation_and_usage_of_media_files" title="Help:Creation and usage of media files">Creation and usage</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Moving_files_to_Commons" title="Wikipedia:Moving files to Commons">Moving files to Commons</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Images" title="Wikipedia:Images">Images</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_images_with_Wiki_Markup/1" title="Help:Introduction to images with Wiki Markup/1">Introduction to images</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Pictures" title="Help:Pictures">Picture tutorial</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Preparing_images_for_upload" title="Wikipedia:Preparing images for upload">Preparing images for upload</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Uploading_images" title="Wikipedia:Uploading images">Uploading images</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Options_to_hide_an_image" title="Help:Options to hide an image">Options to hide an image</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Extended_image_syntax" title="Wikipedia:Extended image syntax">Extended image syntax</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:SVG_help" title="Wikipedia:SVG help">SVG help</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Gallery_tag" title="Help:Gallery tag">Gallery tag</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Graphics_tutorials" title="Wikipedia:Graphics tutorials">Graphics tutorials</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Basic_bitmap_image_editing" title="Wikipedia:Basic bitmap image editing">Basic bitmap image editing</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:How_to_improve_image_quality" title="Wikipedia:How to improve image quality">How to improve image quality</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Graphics_Lab/Resources" title="Wikipedia:Graphics Lab/Resources">Graphics Lab resources</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Sound_file_markup" title="Help:Sound file markup">Sound file markup</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Visual_file_markup" title="Help:Visual file markup">Visual file markup</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Other graphics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Family_trees" title="Help:Family trees">Family trees</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Graphs_and_charts" title="Wikipedia:Graphs and charts">Graphs and charts</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:How_to_create_charts_for_Wikipedia_articles" title="Wikipedia:How to create charts for Wikipedia articles">How to create</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Barchart" title="Help:Barchart">Barcharts</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:To_scale_charts" title="Wikipedia:To scale charts">To scale charts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Displaying_a_formula" title="Help:Displaying a formula">Math formulas</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Mathematical_symbols" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Mathematical symbols">Math symbols</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Score" title="Help:Score">Musical scores</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Musical_symbols" title="Help:Musical symbols">Musical symbols</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Timeline" title="Wikipedia:Timeline">Timeline</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:EasyTimeline_syntax" title="Help:EasyTimeline syntax">EasyTimeline syntax</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:WikiHiero_syntax" title="Help:WikiHiero syntax">WikiHiero syntax</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:A_quick_guide_to_templates" title="Help:A quick guide to templates">Templates</a> and<br/><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lua_(programming_language)" title="Lua (programming language)">Lua</a> modules</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Template" title="Help:Template">Templates</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Advanced_template_coding" title="Wikipedia:Advanced template coding">Advanced template coding</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_documentation" title="Wikipedia:Template documentation">Template documentation</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index" title="Wikipedia:Template index">Template index</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_limits" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Template limits">Template limits</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_sandbox_and_test_cases" title="Wikipedia:Template sandbox and test cases">Template sandbox and test cases</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_templates" title="Wikipedia:Citation templates">Citation templates</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Lua" title="Help:Lua">Lua help</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Lua" title="Wikipedia:Lua">Lua project</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Lua/Resources" title="Wikipedia:Lua/Resources">Resources</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Lua/To_do" title="Wikipedia:Lua/To do">To do</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Substitution" title="Help:Substitution">Substitution</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Purge" title="Wikipedia:Purge">Purge</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Job_queue" title="Help:Job queue">Job queue</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Transclusion</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Labeled_section_transclusion" title="Help:Labeled section transclusion">Labeled section</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Transclusion_costs_and_benefits" title="Wikipedia:Transclusion costs and benefits">Costs and benefits</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_Scribbling" title="Wikipedia:Guide to Scribbling">Guide to Scribbling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Administration#Data_structure_and_development" title="Wikipedia:Administration">Data structure </a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Namespace" title="Wikipedia:Namespace">Namespaces</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:What_is_an_article%3F" title="Wikipedia:What is an article?">Main/Article</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Drafts" title="Wikipedia:Drafts">Draft</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Files" title="Help:Files">File</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:File_description_page" title="Help:File description page">File description page</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Help namespace">Help</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Portal" title="Wikipedia:Portal">Portal</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Project_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Project namespace">Project/Wikipedia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Talk_pages" title="Help:Talk pages">Talk</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Archiving_a_talk_page" title="Help:Archiving a talk page">Archiving</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Archiving_(plain_and_simple)" title="Help:Archiving (plain and simple)">Simple</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Template namespace">Template</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:User_pages" title="Wikipedia:User pages">User</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:User_page_design_center" title="Wikipedia:User page design center">User page design</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:MediaWiki_namespace" title="Help:MediaWiki namespace">MediaWiki</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Bug_reports_and_feature_requests" title="Wikipedia:Bug reports and feature requests">Bug reports and feature requests</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:System_message" title="Help:System message">System message</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220416020958/https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:TimedMediaHandler" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:TimedMediaHandler">TimedMediaHandler extension</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Lua" title="Wikipedia:Lua">Module</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Special_page" title="Help:Special page">Special</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a> and <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CSS" title="CSS">CSS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Cascading_Style_Sheets" title="Help:Cascading Style Sheets">Cascading Style Sheets</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:HTML_in_wikitext" title="Help:HTML in wikitext">HTML in wikitext</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Catalogue_of_CSS_classes" title="Wikipedia:Catalogue of CSS classes">Catalogue of CSS classes</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Common.js_and_common.css" title="Wikipedia:Common.js and common.css">Common.js and common.css</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Mxt/User_CSS_for_a_monospaced_coding_font" title="Template:Mxt/User CSS for a monospaced coding font">User CSS for monospaced coding font</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Microformats/classes" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Microformats/classes">Classes in microformats</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Markup_validation" title="Help:Markup validation">Markup validation</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Span_tags" title="Wikipedia:Span tags">Span tags</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Useful_styles" title="Help:Useful styles">Useful styles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Customisation" title="Wikipedia:Customisation">Customisation</a><br/>and tools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Preferences" title="Help:Preferences">Preferences</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Gadget" title="Wikipedia:Gadget">Gadgets</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Skin" title="Wikipedia:Skin">Skins</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Citation_tools" title="Help:Citation tools">Citation tools</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleaning_up_vandalism/Tools" title="Wikipedia:Cleaning up vandalism/Tools">Cleaning up vandalism tools</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Customizing_watchlists" title="Wikipedia:Customizing watchlists">Customizing watchlists</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Hide_Pages_in_Watchlist" title="Help:Hide Pages in Watchlist">Hide pages</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Scripts" title="Wikipedia:Scripts">IRC Scripts</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:User_scripts" title="Wikipedia:User scripts">User scripts</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:User_scripts/Guide" title="Wikipedia:User scripts/Guide">Guide</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:User_scripts/Techniques" title="Wikipedia:User scripts/Techniques">Techniques</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:User_style" title="Help:User style">User style</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools" title="Wikipedia:Tools">Tools</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Alternative_browsing" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Alternative browsing">Alternative browsing</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Browser_tools" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Browser tools">Browser tools</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Editing_tools" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Editing tools">Editing tools</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Navigation_shortcuts" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Navigation shortcuts">Navigation shortcuts</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Optimum_tool_set" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Optimum tool set">Optimum tool set</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_Cloud_Services" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia Cloud Services">Wikimedia Cloud Services</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220416020958/https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Beta_Features" class="extiw" title="mw:Beta Features">Beta Features at MediaWiki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Automated editing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Articles_for_creation/Helper_script" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Articles for creation/Helper script">AfC helper script</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:AutoWikiBrowser" title="Wikipedia:AutoWikiBrowser">AutoWikiBrowser</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Bots" title="Wikipedia:Bots">Bots</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Creating_a_bot" title="Help:Creating a bot">Creating</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:HotCat" title="Wikipedia:HotCat">HotCat</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Huggle" title="Wikipedia:Huggle">Huggle</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Navigation_popups" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Navigation popups">Navigation popups</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:RedWarn" title="Wikipedia:RedWarn">RedWarn</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Twinkle" title="Wikipedia:Twinkle">Twinkle</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WPCleaner" title="Wikipedia:WPCleaner">WPCleaner</a></li> <li>Inactive <ul><li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Igloo" title="Wikipedia:Igloo">igloo</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:STiki" title="Wikipedia:STiki">STiki</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li>See also: <b><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_how-to" title="Category:Wikipedia how-to">Category:Wikipedia how-to</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_information_pages" title="Category:Wikipedia information pages">Category:Wikipedia information pages</a></b><br/>Further navigation at: <a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_help_pages" title="Template:Wikipedia help pages">Help pages</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Administrators%27_guide" title="Template:Administrators' guide">Administrators</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Accessibility/Navigation_menu" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Accessibility/Navigation menu">Accessibility</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_accounts" title="Template:Wikipedia accounts">Accounts</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Botnav" title="Template:Botnav">Bots</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_referencing" title="Template:Wikipedia referencing">Referencing</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Citation_metadata_navbox" title="Template:Citation metadata navbox">Citation metadata</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_templates" title="Template:Wikipedia templates">Templates</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:User_scripts/Navbox" title="Wikipedia:User scripts/Navbox">User scripts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="//web.archive.org/web/20220416020958im_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" title="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"/></noscript> <div class="printfooter">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Transclusion&oldid=1082032241">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Transclusion&oldid=1082032241</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a 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class="vector-menu-heading"> <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li id="pt-anonuserpage" class="mw-list-item"><span>Not logged in</span></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li><li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/web/20220416020958/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Help%3ATransclusion" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span>Create account</span></a></li><li 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220416020958/https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE:%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="উইকিপিডিয়া:প্রতিলিপি অন্তর্ভুক্তি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220416020958/https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8" title="विकिपीडिया:ट्रांसक्लूजन – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220416020958/https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajuda:Transclusi%C3%B3" title="Ajuda:Transclusió – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220416020958/https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Transklusion" title="Wikipedia:Transklusion – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220416020958/https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7:%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%AF%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4" title="ویکی‌پدیا:تراگنجانش – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220416020958/https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aide:Inclusion" title="Aide:Inclusion – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220416020958/https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uicipeid:Tar-ghabhail" title="Uicipeid:Tar-ghabhail – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220416020958/https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C_%EB%81%BC%EC%9B%8C%EB%84%A3%EA%B8%B0" title="위키백과:문서 끼워넣기 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220416020958/https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Transclusion" title="विकिपीडिया:Transclusion – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220416020958/https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Panagilak-am" title="Wikipedia:Panagilak-am – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220416020958/https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aiuto:Inclusione" title="Aiuto:Inclusione – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220416020958/https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Transklusi" title="Wikipédia:Transklusi – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220416020958/https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Википедија:Превметнување – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220416020958/https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%AA%D8%B6%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86" title="ويكيبيديا:تضمين – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220416020958/https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7:%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%AF%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4" title="ویکی‌پدیا:تراگنجانش – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220416020958/https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Transklusi" title="Wikipedia:Transklusi – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220416020958/https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Transklusjon" title="Wikipedia:Transklusjon – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220416020958/https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%89%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A1%E0%AC%BC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%86:Transclusion" title="ଉଇକିପିଡ଼ିଆ:Transclusion – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220416020958/https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomoc:Transkluzja" title="Pomoc:Transkluzja – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220416020958/https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Transclus%C3%A3o" title="Wikipédia:Transclusão – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220416020958/https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F:%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%AB%E0%B6%BA" title="විකිපීඩියා:අන්තහ්කරණය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220416020958/https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Transclusion" title="Wikipedia:Transclusion – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220416020958/https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedija:Vklju%C4%8Ditev" title="Wikipedija:Vključitev – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220416020958/https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%99%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Википедија:Укључивање страница – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220416020958/https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Transklusi" title="Wikipedia:Transklusi – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220416020958/https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82:Transclusion" title="సహాయం:Transclusion – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220416020958/https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikipedi:Yans%C4%B1tma" title="Vikipedi:Yansıtma – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220416020958/https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B0:%D0%92%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Довідка:Включення – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220416020958/https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Transclusion" title="Wikipedia:Transclusion – Wu Chinese" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220416020958/https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%B0%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A4%D6%BC%D7%A2%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A2:%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%9F" title="װיקיפּעדיע:אריבערשליסן – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220416020958/https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Transclusion" title="Wikipedia:Transclusion – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220416020958/https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%8C%85%E5%90%AB" title="Wikipedia:嵌入包含 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li></ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220416020958/https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3395871#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" role="contentinfo"> <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 11 April 2022, at 00:59<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a rel="license" 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