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skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Grec rootpage-Grec skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Vés al contingut</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menú principal" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menú principal</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menú principal</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navegació </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portada" title="Visiteu la pàgina principal [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Portada</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Article_aleatori" title="Carrega una pàgina a l’atzar [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Article a l'atzar</span></a></li><li id="n-Articles-de-qualitat" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Articles_de_qualitat"><span>Articles de qualitat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Comunitat" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Comunitat" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Comunitat </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Portal" title="Sobre el projecte, què podeu fer, on trobareu les coses"><span>Portal viquipedista</span></a></li><li id="n-Agenda-d'actes" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Trobades"><span>Agenda d'actes</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Canvis_recents" title="Una llista dels canvis recents al wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Canvis recents</span></a></li><li id="n-La-taverna" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:La_taverna"><span>La taverna</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Contacte"><span>Contacte</span></a></li><li id="n-Xat" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Canals_IRC"><span>Xat</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Ajuda" title="El lloc per a saber més coses"><span>Ajuda</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Portada" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Viquipèdia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ca.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.4375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="l'Enciclopèdia Lliure" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ca.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Cerca" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cerca a la Viquipèdia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Cerca</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Cerca a Viquipèdia" aria-label="Cerca a Viquipèdia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cerca a la Viquipèdia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Especial:Cerca"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cerca</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Eines personals"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aparença" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aparença</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ca.wikipedia.org&uselang=ca" class=""><span>Donatius</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crea_compte&returnto=Grec" title="Us animem a crear un compte i iniciar una sessió, encara que no és obligatori" class=""><span>Crea un compte</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Registre_i_entrada&returnto=Grec" title="Us animem a registrar-vos, però no és obligatori [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Inicia la sessió</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Més opcions" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eines personals" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eines personals</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menú d'usuari" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ca.wikipedia.org&uselang=ca"><span>Donatius</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crea_compte&returnto=Grec" title="Us animem a crear un compte i iniciar una sessió, encara que no és obligatori"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Crea un compte</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Registre_i_entrada&returnto=Grec" title="Us animem a registrar-vos, però no és obligatori [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Inicia la sessió</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pàgines per a editors no registrats <a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Introducci%C3%B3" aria-label="Vegeu més informació sobre l'edició"><span>més informació</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Contribucions_pr%C3%B2pies" title="Una llista de les modificacions fetes des d'aquesta adreça IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contribucions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Discussi%C3%B3_personal" title="Discussió sobre les edicions per aquesta adreça ip. [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussió per aquest IP</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contingut" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contingut</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inici</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Història" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Història"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Història</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Història-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Història</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Història-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Grec_antic_o_clàssic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grec_antic_o_clàssic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Grec antic o clàssic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grec_antic_o_clàssic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grec_hel·lenístic_o_koiné" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grec_hel·lenístic_o_koiné"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Grec hel·lenístic o koiné</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grec_hel·lenístic_o_koiné-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grec_medieval_o_bizantí" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grec_medieval_o_bizantí"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Grec medieval o bizantí</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grec_medieval_o_bizantí-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grec_modern" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grec_modern"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Grec modern</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grec_modern-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diglòssia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diglòssia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Diglòssia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diglòssia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Unitat_històrica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unitat_històrica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Unitat històrica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unitat_històrica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Distribució_geogràfica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Distribució_geogràfica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Distribució geogràfica</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Distribució_geogràfica-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Distribució geogràfica</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Distribució_geogràfica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Estat_oficial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Estat_oficial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Estat oficial</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Estat_oficial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Evolució_del_grec" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evolució_del_grec"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Evolució del grec</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Evolució_del_grec-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Evolució del grec</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Evolució_del_grec-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fonologia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fonologia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Fonologia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fonologia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Vocals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vocals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Vocals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vocals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Consonants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consonants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>Consonants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Consonants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dialectes_del_grec_modern" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dialectes_del_grec_modern"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Dialectes del grec modern</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dialectes_del_grec_modern-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vegeu_també" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vegeu_també"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Vegeu també</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vegeu_també-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referències" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referències"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Referències</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referències-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enllaços_externs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enllaços_externs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Enllaços externs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enllaços_externs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contingut" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Grec</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 216 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-216" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">216 llengües</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%88%D3%99%D0%B0" title="Абырзен бызшәа - abkhaz" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Абырзен бызшәа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abkhaz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B7%D1%8D" title="Урымыбзэ - adigué" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Урымыбзэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="adigué" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grieks" title="Grieks - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Grieks" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Griechische_Sprache" title="Griechische Sprache - alemany suís" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Griechische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alemany suís" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%8D%E1%88%AA%E1%8A%AD_(%E1%89%8B%E1%8A%95%E1%89%8B)" title="ግሪክ (ቋንቋ) - amhàric" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ግሪክ (ቋንቋ)" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amhàric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_griego" title="Idioma griego - aragonès" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Idioma griego" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cr%C4%93acisc_spr%C7%A3c" title="Crēacisc sprǣc - anglès antic" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Crēacisc sprǣc" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="anglès antic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="ग्रीक भाषा - angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="ग्रीक भाषा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللغة اليونانية - àrab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة اليونانية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="àrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A0%DC%AB%DC%A2%DC%90_%DC%9D%DC%98%DC%A2%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܠܫܢܐ ܝܘܢܝܐ - arameu" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܠܫܢܐ ܝܘܢܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="arameu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="ليونانية - Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="ليونانية" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89" title="يونانى - àrab egipci" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="يونانى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="àrab egipci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_griegu" title="Idioma griegu - asturià" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma griegu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D3%80" title="Грек мацӀ - àvar" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Грек мацӀ" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="àvar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yunan_dili" title="Yunan dili - azerbaidjanès" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yunan dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaidjanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="یونان دیلی - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="یونان دیلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Грек теле - baixkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Грек теле" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baixkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Yunani" title="Basa Yunani - balinès" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Basa Yunani" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Griachische_Sproch" title="Griachische Sproch - bavarès" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Griachische Sproch" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bavarès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graiku_kalba" title="Graiku kalba - Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Graiku kalba" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tataramon_na_Griego" title="Tataramon na Griego - Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tataramon na Griego" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Грэчаская мова - belarús" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Грэчаская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarús" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Грэцкая мова - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Грэцкая мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%8A%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Гръцки език - búlgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Гръцки език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="यूनानी भाषा - Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="यूनानी भाषा" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="গ্রিক ভাষা - bengalí" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গ্রিক ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%80%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%90%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8D" title="ཀེ་རི་སིའི་སྐད། - tibetà" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཀེ་རི་སིའི་སྐད།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gresianeg" title="Gresianeg - bretó" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Gresianeg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C4%8Dki_jezik" title="Grčki jezik - bosnià" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Grčki jezik" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saro_Yunani" title="Saro Yunani - Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Saro Yunani" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Грек хэлэн - Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Грек хэлэн" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C4%AD-l%C3%A9-n%C3%A0%CC%A4-ng%E1%B9%B3%CC%84" title="Hĭ-lé-nà̤-ngṳ̄ - Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Hĭ-lé-nà̤-ngṳ̄" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82" title="Желтойн мотт - txetxè" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Желтойн мотт" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="txetxè" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinulongang_Griyego" title="Pinulongang Griyego - cebuà" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Pinulongang Griyego" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%DB%8C%DB%86%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="زمانی یۆنانی - kurd central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زمانی یۆنانی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurd central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yunan_tili" title="Yunan tili - tàtar de Crimea" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Yunan tili" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="tàtar de Crimea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%98e%C4%8Dtina" title="Řečtina - txec" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Řečtina" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%8C%D1%87%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8A_%D1%A9%EA%99%81%EA%99%91%D0%BA%D1%8A" title="Грьчьскъ ѩꙁꙑкъ - eslau eclesiàstic" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Грьчьскъ ѩꙁꙑкъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="eslau eclesiàstic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Грек чĕлхи - txuvaix" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Грек чĕлхи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="txuvaix" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groeg_(iaith)" title="Groeg (iaith) - gal·lès" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Groeg (iaith)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gal·lès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%A6sk_(sprog)" title="Græsk (sprog) - danès" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Græsk (sprog)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Griechische_Sprache" title="Griechische Sprache - alemany" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Griechische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yunanki" title="Yunanki - Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Yunanki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grichi%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Grichišćina - baix sòrab" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Grichišćina" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="baix sòrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Ελληνική γλώσσα - grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ελληνική γλώσσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%AEg" title="Grîg - Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Grîg" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language - anglès" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Greek language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greka_lingvo" title="Greka lingvo - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Greka lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_griego" title="Idioma griego - espanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma griego" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreeka_keel" title="Kreeka keel - estonià" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kreeka keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greziera" title="Greziera - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Greziera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_griega" title="Lengua griega - extremeny" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Lengua griega" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="extremeny" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="زبان یونانی - persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان یونانی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreikan_kieli" title="Kreikan kieli - finès" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kreikan kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreeka_kiil" title="Kreeka kiil - Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Kreeka kiil" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grikskt_m%C3%A1l" title="Grikskt mál - feroès" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Grikskt mál" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grec" title="Grec - francès" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Grec" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greks_spriak" title="Greks spriak - frisó septentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Greks spriak" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frisó septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenghe_greche" title="Lenghe greche - friülà" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Lenghe greche" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friülà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gryksk" title="Gryksk - frisó occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Gryksk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisó occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Ghr%C3%A9igis" title="An Ghréigis - irlandès" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Ghréigis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E8%AA%9E" title="希臘語 - xinès gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="希臘語" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="xinès gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grek_(lanng)" title="Grek (lanng) - Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Grek (lanng)" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greugais" title="Greugais - gaèlic escocès" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Greugais" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaèlic escocès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_grega" title="Lingua grega - gallec" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua grega" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="gallec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyresia%C3%B1e%27%E1%BA%BD" title="Gyresiañe'ẽ - guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Gyresiañe'ẽ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greagish" title="Greagish - manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Greagish" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%AE-lia%CC%8Dp-ng%C3%AE" title="Hî-lia̍p-ngî - xinès hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Hî-lia̍p-ngî" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="xinès hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BB%C5%8Clelo_Helene" title="ʻŌlelo Helene - hawaià" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="ʻŌlelo Helene" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="hawaià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA" title="יוונית - hebreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יוונית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="यूनानी भाषा - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="यूनानी भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_bhasa" title="Greek bhasa - hindi de Fiji" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Greek bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi de Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C4%8Dki_jezik" title="Grčki jezik - croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Grčki jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grjek%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Grjekšćina - alt sòrab" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Grjekšćina" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="alt sòrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6r%C3%B6g_nyelv" title="Görög nyelv - hongarès" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Görög nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongarès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Հունարեն - armeni" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հունարեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%85%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A7%D5%B6" title="Յունարէն - Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Յունարէն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_grec" title="Lingua grec - interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Lingua grec" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Yunani" title="Bahasa Yunani - indonesi" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Yunani" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsasao_a_Griego" title="Pagsasao a Griego - ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pagsasao a Griego" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82" title="Яний мотт - ingúix" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Яний мотт" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingúix" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greka_linguo" title="Greka linguo - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Greka linguo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%ADska" title="Gríska - islandès" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Gríska" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_greca" title="Lingua greca - italià" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua greca" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AE%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A2%E8%AA%9E" title="ギリシア語 - japonès" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ギリシア語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Griik_languij" title="Griik languij - crioll anglès de Jamaica" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Griik languij" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="crioll anglès de Jamaica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/xesybau" title="xesybau - lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="xesybau" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Grikenlan" title="Basa Grikenlan - javanès" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Basa Grikenlan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AB%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ბერძნული ენა - georgià" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბერძნული ენა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grek_tili" title="Grek tili - karakalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Grek tili" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C9%94n%C9%94_Kr%C9%9Bk%C9%A9_k%CA%8An%CA%8A%C5%8B" title="Sɔnɔ Krɛkɩ kʊnʊŋ - Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Sɔnɔ Krɛkɩ kʊnʊŋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_(a%CC%B1lyem)" title="Helen (a̱lyem) - tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Helen (a̱lyem)" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Yunani" title="Bahasa Yunani - Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Bahasa Yunani" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Грек тілі - kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Грек тілі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%86" title="ಗ್ರೀಕ್ ಭಾಷೆ - kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಗ್ರೀಕ್ ಭಾಷೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B7%B8%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4%EC%96%B4" title="그리스어 - coreà" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="그리스어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Эллин кыв - komi-permiac" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Эллин кыв" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="komi-permiac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%C3%AA_yewnan%C3%AE" title="Zimanê yewnanî - kurd" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zimanê yewnanî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Эллин кыв - komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Эллин кыв" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greka" title="Greka - còrnic" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Greka" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="còrnic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Грек тили - kirguís" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Грек тили" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirguís" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Graeca" title="Lingua Graeca - llatí" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Graeca" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="llatí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_grega" title="Lingua grega - judeocastellà" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Lingua grega" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="judeocastellà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Griichesch" title="Griichesch - luxemburguès" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Griichesch" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D1%87%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Грек чӀал - lesguià" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Грек чӀал" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lesguià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elinica_(lingua)" title="Elinica (lingua) - Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Elinica (lingua)" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuigrieks" title="Nuigrieks - limburguès" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Nuigrieks" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengoa_grega" title="Lengoa grega - lígur" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Lengoa grega" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="lígur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingaz_grech" title="Lingaz grech - Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Lingaz grech" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_greca" title="Lengua greca - llombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Lengua greca" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="llombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligreki" title="Ligreki - lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Ligreki" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%81" title="ພາສາກະເລັກ - laosià" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ພາສາກະເລັກ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laosià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graik%C5%B3_kalba" title="Graikų kalba - lituà" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Graikų kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grie%C4%B7u_valoda" title="Grieķu valoda - letó" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Grieķu valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="युनानी भाषा - maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="युनानी भाषा" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Греконь кяль - mordovià moksa" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Греконь кяль" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="mordovià moksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_grika" title="Fiteny grika - malgaix" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny grika" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaix" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Грек йылме - Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Грек йылме" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reo_Kariki" title="Reo Kariki - maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Reo Kariki" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahaso_Yunani" title="Bahaso Yunani - minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Bahaso Yunani" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Грчки јазик - macedoni" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Грчки јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="ഗ്രീക്ക് ഭാഷ - malaiàlam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗ്രീക്ക് ഭാഷ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malaiàlam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Грек хэл - mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Грек хэл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%92%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%9B_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯂꯣꯟ - manipurí" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipurí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="ग्रीक भाषा - marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ग्रीक भाषा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Yunani" title="Bahasa Yunani - malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Yunani" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingwa_Griega" title="Lingwa Griega - maltès" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Lingwa Griega" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%94%E1%80%BE%E1%80%84%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%AC%E1%80%95%E1%80%B1" title="ဂရိဘာသာနှင့်စာပေ - birmà" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂရိဘာသာနှင့်စာပေ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Грекень кель - mordovià erza" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Грекень кель" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="mordovià erza" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="یونانی - mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="یونانی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greciatlahtolli" title="Greciatlahtolli - Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Greciatlahtolli" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greeksche_Spraak" title="Greeksche Spraak - baix alemany" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Greeksche Spraak" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="baix alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grieks" title="Grieks - baix saxó" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Grieks" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="baix saxó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="युनानी भाषा - nepalès" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="युनानी भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="ग्रीक भाषा - newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ग्रीक भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grieks" title="Grieks - neerlandès" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Grieks" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gresk" title="Gresk - noruec nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Gresk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="noruec nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gresk" title="Gresk - noruec bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gresk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruec bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grekum" title="Grekum - novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Grekum" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chigiriki" title="Chigiriki - nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Chigiriki" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%A8c_(lenga)" title="Grèc (lenga) - occità" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Grèc (lenga)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occità" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Griekan_kieli" title="Griekan kieli - Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Griekan kieli" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%97%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%80%E0%AC%95_%E0%AC%AD%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B7%E0%AC%BE" title="ଗ୍ରୀକ ଭାଷା - oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଗ୍ରୀକ ଭାଷା" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B3_%C3%A6%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Грекъаг æвзаг - osseta" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Грекъаг æвзаг" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osseta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਯੂਨਾਨੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ - panjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਯੂਨਾਨੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amanung_Griyegu" title="Amanung Griyegu - pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Amanung Griyegu" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Griego" title="Griego - papiament" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Griego" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiament" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grec" title="Grec - picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Grec" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Griik" title="Griik - Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Griik" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_grecki" title="Język grecki - polonès" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język grecki" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_greca" title="Lenga greca - piemontès" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga greca" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C" title="یونانی بولی - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="یونانی بولی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CE%BD_%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B1%CE%BD" title="Ελλενικόν λαλίαν - pòntic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Ελλενικόν λαλίαν" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="pòntic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%DA%98%D8%A8%D9%87" title="يوناني ژبه - paixtu" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="يوناني ژبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paixtu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_grega" title="Língua grega - portuguès" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua grega" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portuguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qirisya_simi" title="Qirisya simi - quítxua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Qirisya simi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quítxua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_greac%C4%83" title="Limba greacă - romanès" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba greacă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Греческий язык - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Греческий язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%90%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Ґрецькый язык - Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Ґрецькый язык" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikigereki" title="Ikigereki - ruandès" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Ikigereki" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="ruandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="यूनानीभाषा - sànscrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="यूनानीभाषा" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sànscrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8D%D0%BA_%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Гириэк тыла - iacut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Гириэк тыла" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="iacut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%BD%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ - santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_grega" title="Limba grega - sard" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Limba grega" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_greca" title="Lingua greca - sicilià" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Lingua greca" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_leid" title="Greek leid - escocès" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Greek leid" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="escocès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D9%BB%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A" title="يوناني ٻولي - sindi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="يوناني ٻولي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greikkagiella" title="Greikkagiella - sami septentrional" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Greikkagiella" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="sami septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C4%8Dki_jezik" title="Grčki jezik - serbocroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Grčki jezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutlayt_Tagrikt" title="Tutlayt Tagrikt - taixelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tutlayt Tagrikt" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="taixelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%9A_%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="ග්‍රීක භාෂාව - singalès" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ග්‍රීක භාෂාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Greek language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%A9cke_jazyky" title="Grécke jazyky - eslovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Grécke jazyky" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%BB%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C" title="یونانی ٻولی - Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="یونانی ٻولی" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C5%A1%C4%8Dina" title="Grščina - eslovè" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Grščina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="eslovè" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fa%CA%BBa_Eleni" title="Faʻa Eleni - samoà" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Faʻa Eleni" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="samoà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chigiriki" title="Chigiriki - shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Chigiriki" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_greke" title="Gjuha greke - albanès" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha greke" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Грчки језик - serbi" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Грчки језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segerike" title="Segerike - sotho meridional" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Segerike" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="sotho meridional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Griechisk" title="Griechisk - Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Griechisk" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Yunani" title="Basa Yunani - sondanès" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Basa Yunani" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sondanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grekiska" title="Grekiska - suec" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Grekiska" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kigiriki" title="Kigiriki - suahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kigiriki" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grecko_godka" title="Grecko godka - silesià" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Grecko godka" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="silesià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="கிரேக்க மொழி - tàmil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கிரேக்க மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tàmil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%81_%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B7" title="గ్రీకు భాష - telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="గ్రీకు భాష" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%8E%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D3%A3" title="Забони юнонӣ - tadjik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Забони юнонӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%81" title="ภาษากรีก - tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษากรีก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grek_dili" title="Grek dili - turcman" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Grek dili" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turcman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Griyego" title="Wikang Griyego - tagal" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikang Griyego" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junani_zyvon" title="Junani zyvon - talix" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Junani zyvon" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="talix" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tok_Gris" title="Tok Gris - tok pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Tok Gris" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="tok pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yunanca" title="Yunanca - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yunanca" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Юнан теле - tàtar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Юнан теле" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tàtar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Грек кыл - udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Грек кыл" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%90%D9%83_%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89" title="گرېك تىلى - uigur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="گرېك تىلى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Грецька мова - ucraïnès" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Грецька мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraïnès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="یونانی زبان - urdú" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="یونانی زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdú" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yunon_tili" title="Yunon tili - uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Yunon tili" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81%C3%A9ngua_grega" title="Łéngua grega - vènet" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Łéngua grega" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="vènet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grekan_kel%27" title="Grekan kel' - vepse" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Grekan kel'" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Hy_L%E1%BA%A1p" title="Tiếng Hy Lạp - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Hy Lạp" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grik%C3%A4nap%C3%BCk" title="Grikänapük - volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Grikänapük" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Griniyego" title="Griniyego - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Griniyego" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A%E8%AF%AD" title="希腊语 - xinès wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="希腊语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="xinès wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD" title="Грисин келн - calmuc" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Грисин келн" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="calmuc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AB%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ბერძენული ნინა - mingrelià" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ბერძენული ნინა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%A9" title="גריכיש - ídix" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="גריכיש" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="ídix" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88d%C3%A8_Gr%C3%ADk%C3%AC" title="Èdè Gríkì - ioruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Èdè Gríkì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="ioruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%8D%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%A2%E2%B5%9C_%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%B3%E2%B5%94%E2%B5%89%E2%B4%BD%E2%B5%9C" title="ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⵉⴽⵜ - amazic estàndard marroquí" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⵉⴽⵜ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="amazic estàndard marroquí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A%E8%AF%AD" title="希腊语 - xinès" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="希腊语" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="xinès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E8%AA%9E" title="希臘語 - xinès clàssic" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="希臘語" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="xinès clàssic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hi-lia%CC%8Dp-g%C3%BA" title="Hi-lia̍p-gú - xinès min del sud" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hi-lia̍p-gú" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="xinès min del sud" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E6%96%87" title="希臘文 - cantonès" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="希臘文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IsiGreki" title="IsiGreki - zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IsiGreki" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9129#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica enllaços interlingües" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica els enllaços</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espais de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Grec" title="Vegeu el contingut de la pàgina [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Pàgina</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussi%C3%B3:Grec" rel="discussion" title="Discussió sobre el contingut d'aquesta pàgina [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussió</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Canvia la variant de llengua" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">català</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vistes"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Grec"><span>Mostra</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grec&action=edit" title="Modifica el codi font d'aquesta pàgina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grec&action=history" title="Versions antigues d'aquesta pàgina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Mostra l'historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Eines de la pàgina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eines" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eines</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Eines</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Més opcions" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Accions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Grec"><span>Mostra</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grec&action=edit" title="Modifica el codi font d'aquesta pàgina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grec&action=history"><span>Mostra l'historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Enlla%C3%A7os/Grec" title="Una llista de totes les pàgines wiki que enllacen amb aquesta [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Què hi enllaça</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Seguiment/Grec" rel="nofollow" title="Canvis recents a pàgines enllaçades des d'aquesta pàgina [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Canvis relacionats</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A0gines_especials" title="Llista totes les pàgines especials [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pàgines especials</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grec&oldid=34265703" title="Enllaç permanent a aquesta revisió de la pàgina"><span>Enllaç permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grec&action=info" title="Més informació sobre aquesta pàgina"><span>Informació de la pàgina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Citau&page=Grec&id=34265703&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informació sobre com citar aquesta pàgina"><span>Citau aquest article</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fca.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGrec"><span>Obtén una URL abreujada</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fca.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGrec"><span>Descarrega el codi QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimeix/exporta </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Llibre&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Grec"><span>Crea un llibre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Grec&action=show-download-screen"><span>Baixa com a PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grec&printable=yes" title="Versió per a impressió d'aquesta pàgina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versió per a impressora</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> En altres projectes </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Greek_language" hreflang="en"><span>Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9129" title="Enllaç a l'element del repositori de dades connectat [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element a Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Eines de la pàgina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aparença</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">amaga</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-ind-100" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Llista_dels_1000_articles_fonamentals" title="Els 1.000 fonamentals de la Viquipèdia"><img alt="Els 1.000 fonamentals de la Viquipèdia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Segell_1000_unificat_Viquip%C3%A8dia.svg/30px-Segell_1000_unificat_Viquip%C3%A8dia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Segell_1000_unificat_Viquip%C3%A8dia.svg/45px-Segell_1000_unificat_Viquip%C3%A8dia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Segell_1000_unificat_Viquip%C3%A8dia.svg/60px-Segell_1000_unificat_Viquip%C3%A8dia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2408" data-file-height="2896" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Viquipèdia, l'enciclopèdia lliure</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ca" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r34261971">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{width:100%;border-color:#77ccff;color:var(--color-base,#202122);background-color:#f5f5f5;margin-bottom:1em;font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .hatnote{color:var(--color-inverted,#fff);background-color:var(--background-color-inverted,#101418)}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .hatnote{color:var(--color-inverted,#fff);background-color:var(--background-color-inverted,#101418)}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style> <table class="hatnote" cellspacing="5"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 25px; vertical-align: top;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/22px-Disambig_grey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/33px-Disambig_grey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/44px-Disambig_grey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> </td> <td>Aquest article tracta sobre la llengua grega moderna. Vegeu també <a href="/wiki/Grec_antic" title="Grec antic">grec antic</a> i <a href="/wiki/Grec_(desambiguaci%C3%B3)" class="mw-disambig" title="Grec (desambiguació)">grec (desambiguació)</a>. </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox" style="font-size:90%;width:25em"><caption style="font-weight:bold;background-color:Moccasin;"><span style="float:left; margin-left: 3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Infotaula de llengua"><img alt="Infotaula de llengua" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Octicons-comment.svg/20px-Octicons-comment.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Octicons-comment.svg/30px-Octicons-comment.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Octicons-comment.svg/40px-Octicons-comment.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="896" data-file-height="1024" /></span></span></span>Grec</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;background-color:Moccasin;font-size:110%;">Ελληνικά</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Pater_noster_in_greek_script.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Pater_noster_in_greek_script.svg/300px-Pater_noster_in_greek_script.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Pater_noster_in_greek_script.svg/450px-Pater_noster_in_greek_script.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Pater_noster_in_greek_script.svg/600px-Pater_noster_in_greek_script.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="202" data-file-height="195" /></a></span><br /> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9129?uselang=ca#P18" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">Altres noms</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Grec_dem%C3%B2tic" title="Grec demòtic">Grec demòtic</a> (Δημοτική), <a href="/wiki/Grec_hel%C2%B7len%C3%ADstic" class="mw-redirect" title="Grec hel·lenístic">Grec hel·lenístic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">Tipus</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Llengua_natural" title="Llengua natural">llengua natural</a> i <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1288568" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q1288568">llengua viva</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9129?uselang=ca#P31" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color:Moccasin;">Ús</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">Parlants</th><td class="infobox-data">15-22 milions</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">Parlants nadius</th><td class="infobox-data">13.100.000 <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9129?uselang=ca#P1098" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> (2019 <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9129?uselang=ca#P1098" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee"><a href="/wiki/Llista_d%27idiomes_per_nombre_de_parlants_natius" title="Llista d'idiomes per nombre de parlants natius">Rànquing</a></th><td class="infobox-data">74</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee"><a href="/wiki/Llengua_oficial" title="Llengua oficial">Oficial</a> a</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Unió Europea"><img alt="Unió Europea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/46px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Uni%C3%B3_Europea" title="Unió Europea">Unió Europea</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Grècia"><img alt="Grècia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/46px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A8cia" title="Grècia">Grècia</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Xipre"><img alt="Xipre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_de_Xipre" class="mw-redirect" title="República de Xipre">República de Xipre</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">Autòcton de</th><td class="infobox-data">Els <a href="/wiki/Balcans" title="Balcans">Balcans</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">Estat</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A8cia" title="Grècia">Grècia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xipre" title="Xipre">Xipre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estats_Units" class="mw-redirect" title="Estats Units">Estats Units</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austr%C3%A0lia" title="Austràlia">Austràlia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alemanya" title="Alemanya">Alemanya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alb%C3%A0nia" title="Albània">Albània</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ge%C3%B2rgia" title="Geòrgia">Geòrgia</a>, <a href="/wiki/R%C3%BAssia" title="Rússia">Rússia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ucra%C3%AFna" title="Ucraïna">Ucraïna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Su%C3%A8cia" title="Suècia">Suècia</a>, <a href="/wiki/It%C3%A0lia" title="Itàlia">Itàlia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turquia" title="Turquia">Turquia</a> i altres</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fitxer:50_largest_Greek_diaspora.svg&lang=ca" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/50_largest_Greek_diaspora.svg/langca-300px-50_largest_Greek_diaspora.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/50_largest_Greek_diaspora.svg/langca-450px-50_largest_Greek_diaspora.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/50_largest_Greek_diaspora.svg/langca-600px-50_largest_Greek_diaspora.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="863" data-file-height="443" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><div style="font-size:90%;"></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color:Moccasin;">Classificació lingüística</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q20162172" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q20162172">llengua humana</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_indoeuropees" title="Llengües indoeuropees">llengües indoeuropees</a><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2042538" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q2042538">llengües hel·lèniques</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9129?uselang=ca#P279" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color:Moccasin;">Característiques</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee"><a href="/wiki/Escriptura" title="Escriptura">Sistema d'escriptura</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alfabet_grec" title="Alfabet grec">alfabet grec</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9129?uselang=ca#P282" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">Institució de normalització</th><td class="infobox-data">Κέντρο Ελληνικής Γλώσσας (Centre de la llengua grega)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">Nivell de vulnerabilitat</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q20672086" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q20672086">1 segur</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9129?uselang=ca#P1999" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color:Moccasin;">Codis</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639" title="ISO 639">ISO 639</a>-1</th><td class="infobox-data">el</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">ISO 639-2</th><td class="infobox-data">gre (B) / ell (T)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">ISO 639-5</th><td class="infobox-data">grk <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9129?uselang=ca#P1798" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">SIL</th><td class="infobox-data">ell</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">Glottolog</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/gree1276">gree1276</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9129?uselang=ca#P1394" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">ASCL</th><td class="infobox-data">2201 <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9129?uselang=ca#P1251" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">IETF</th><td class="infobox-data">grk <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9129?uselang=ca#P305" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align: center;clear:both;" align="right" class="toccolours" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td align="center" style="background:#aaaadd"><big><b>Història de la <a href="/wiki/Grec_(llengua)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grec (llengua)">llengua grega</a></b></big><br /><small>(vegeu també: <a href="/wiki/Alfabet_grec" title="Alfabet grec">Alfabet grec</a>)</small><br />  </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="font-size: 90%;">  </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#ccccff;"><a href="/wiki/Protogrec" title="Protogrec">Protogrec</a> (cap al <a href="/wiki/2000_aC" class="mw-redirect" title="2000 aC">2000 aC</a>) </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="font-size: 90%;">  </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#ccccff;"><a href="/wiki/Mic%C3%A8nic" title="Micènic">Micènic</a> (aprox. <a href="/wiki/1600_aC" class="mw-redirect" title="1600 aC">1600</a>-<a href="/w/index.php?title=1100_aC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1100 aC (encara no existeix)">1100 aC</a>) </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="font-size: 90%;">  </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#ccccff;"><a href="/wiki/Grec_antic" title="Grec antic">Grec antic</a> (aprox. <a href="/wiki/800_aC" class="mw-redirect" title="800 aC">800</a>-<a href="/wiki/300_aC" title="300 aC">300 aC</a>) </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="font-size: 90%;"><a href="/wiki/Grec_arcadoxipriota" title="Grec arcadoxipriota">Arcadoxipriota</a> | <a href="/wiki/Grec_%C3%A0tic" title="Grec àtic">Àtic</a> | <a href="/wiki/Grec_d%C3%B2ric" title="Grec dòric">Dòric</a> | <a href="/wiki/Grec_e%C3%B2lic" title="Grec eòlic">Eòlic</a> | <a href="/wiki/Grec_j%C3%B2nic" title="Grec jònic">Jònic</a> | <a href="/wiki/Grec_nord-occidental" title="Grec nord-occidental">Nord-occidental</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Grec_hom%C3%A8ric" title="Grec homèric">Grec homèric</a> | <a href="/wiki/Antic_macedoni" title="Antic macedoni">Antic macedoni</a> (possible) </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#ccccff;"><a href="/wiki/Grec_koin%C3%A9" title="Grec koiné">Koiné</a> (a partir del 300 aC) </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="font-size: 90%;">  </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#ccccff;"><a href="/wiki/Grec_medieval" title="Grec medieval">Medieval</a> (<a href="/wiki/330" title="330">330</a>-<a href="/wiki/1453" title="1453">1453</a>) </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="font-size: 90%;">  </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#ccccff;"><a href="/wiki/Grec_modern" class="mw-redirect" title="Grec modern">Modern</a> (des del 1453) </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="font-size: 90%;"><b>Dialectes:</b> <a href="/wiki/Capadoci" title="Capadoci">Capadoci</a> | <a href="/wiki/Cretenc" class="mw-redirect" title="Cretenc">Cretenc</a> | <a href="/wiki/Grec_dem%C3%B2tic" title="Grec demòtic">Demòtic</a> | <a href="/wiki/Griko_salentino" title="Griko salentino">Griko salentino</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Iev%C3%A0nic" title="Ievànic">Ievànic</a> (judeogrec) | <a href="/wiki/Kathar%C3%A9vussa" title="Katharévussa">Katharévussa</a> | <a href="/wiki/P%C3%B2ntic" title="Pòntic">Pòntic</a> | <a href="/wiki/Tsac%C3%B2nic" title="Tsacònic">Tsacònic</a> | <a href="/wiki/Xipriota" class="mw-redirect" title="Xipriota">Xipriota</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <table class="infobox" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#ccf; font-size:111%;"> <p>Temes indoeuropeus </p> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:lavender; font-size:105%;"><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_indoeuropees" title="Llengües indoeuropees">Llengües indoeuropees</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alban%C3%A8s" title="Albanès">Albanès</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Armeni" title="Armeni">Armeni</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_b%C3%A0ltiques" title="Llengües bàltiques">Bàltic</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_celtes" class="mw-redirect" title="Llengües celtes">Cèltic</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_eslaves" title="Llengües eslaves">Eslau</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_germ%C3%A0niques" title="Llengües germàniques">Germànic</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <p><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Grec</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_indoiranianes" title="Llengües indoiranianes">Indoiranià</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_indo%C3%A0ries" title="Llengües indoàries">Indoari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_indoir%C3%A0niques" class="mw-redirect" title="Llengües indoiràniques">Indoirànic</a>)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_it%C3%A0liques" title="Llengües itàliques">Itàlic</a><br /> extingides: <a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_anat%C3%B2liques" title="Llengües anatòliques">Llengües anatòliques</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_paleobalc%C3%A0niques" title="Llengües paleobalcàniques">Paleobalcànic</a> (<a href="/wiki/D%C3%A0cic" title="Dàcic">Dàcic</a>,<br /> <a href="/wiki/Frigi" class="mw-redirect" title="Frigi">Frigi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Traci_(llengua)" title="Traci (llengua)">Traci</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Tokhari" class="mw-redirect" title="Tokhari">Tokhari</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:lavender; font-size:105%;"><a href="/wiki/Pobles_indoeuropeus" class="mw-redirect" title="Pobles indoeuropeus">Pobles indoeuropeus</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Albanesos" title="Albanesos">Albanesos</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Armenis" title="Armenis">Armenis</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A0ltics" title="Bàltics">Bàltics</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Celtes" title="Celtes">Celtes</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Eslaus" title="Eslaus">Eslaus</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Escites" title="Escites">Escites</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Germ%C3%A0nics" title="Germànics">Germànics</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Grecs" title="Grecs">Grecs</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Indoaris" title="Indoaris">Indoaris</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Ir%C3%A0nics" title="Irànics">Irànics</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Llatins" title="Llatins">Llatins</a><br /> <p>Històrics: <a href="/wiki/Anat%C3%B2lia" title="Anatòlia">Anatòlics</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hitites" title="Hitites">Hitites</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luvites" class="mw-redirect" title="Luvites">Luvites</a>)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Celtes" title="Celtes">Celtes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gal%C3%A0cia" title="Galàcia">Galàcia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gals" title="Gals">Gals</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Germ%C3%A0nics" title="Germànics">Germànics</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Il%C2%B7liris" title="Il·liris">Il·liris</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Indoir%C3%A0nic" class="mw-redirect" title="Indoirànic">Indoirànics</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/It%C3%A0lics" title="Itàlics">Itàlics</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A0rmates" title="Sàrmates">Sàrmates</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Tracis" title="Tracis">Tracis</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Tocaris" title="Tocaris">Tocaris</a> <span style="line-height:0.5em;"> </span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:lavender; font-size:105%;"><a href="/wiki/Protoindoeuropeus" title="Protoindoeuropeus">Protoindoeuropeus</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Protoindoeuropeu" title="Protoindoeuropeu">Protoindoeuropeu</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Religi%C3%B3_protoindoeuropea" title="Religió protoindoeuropea">Religió</a><br /><span style="line-height:0.5em;"> </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:lavender; font-size:105%;"><i><a href="/wiki/Urheimat" title="Urheimat">Urheimat</a></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hip%C3%B2tesi_kurgana" class="mw-redirect" title="Hipòtesi kurgana">Hipòtesi kurgana</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Hip%C3%B2tesi_anat%C3%B2lica" class="mw-redirect" title="Hipòtesi anatòlica">Hipòtesi anatòlica</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Hip%C3%B2tesi_arm%C3%A8nica" class="mw-redirect" title="Hipòtesi armènica">Hipòtesi armènica</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Teoria_%C3%ADndia" class="mw-redirect" title="Teoria índia">Teoria índia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Teoria_de_la_continu%C3%AFtat_paeol%C3%ADtica" class="mw-redirect" title="Teoria de la continuïtat paeolítica">TCP (PCT)</a><br /><span style="line-height:0.5em;"> </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:lavender; font-size:105%;"><a href="/wiki/Estudis_indoeuropeus" title="Estudis indoeuropeus">Estudis indoeuropeus</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>La <b>llengua grega</b> (en grec modern: ελληνική γλώσσα, <small>AFI: </small><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:AFI" title="Ajuda:AFI">[eliniˈci ˈɣlosa]</a></span> o, simplement, ελληνικά, <small>AFI: </small><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:AFI" title="Ajuda:AFI">[eliniˈka]</a></span>) constitueix la seva pròpia branca dins de les <a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_indoeuropees" title="Llengües indoeuropees">llengües indoeuropees</a>. </p><p>El <a href="/wiki/Grec_modern" class="mw-redirect" title="Grec modern">grec modern</a> és parlat per entre 15 i 22 milions de <a href="/wiki/Grecs" title="Grecs">persones</a>, és la llengua oficial de <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A8cia" title="Grècia">Grècia</a> i part de <a href="/wiki/Xipre" title="Xipre">Xipre</a> com és un dels 24 <a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_de_la_Uni%C3%B3_Europea#Llengües_oficials_de_la_UE" title="Llengües de la Unió Europea">idiomes oficials de la Unió Europea</a>, i també el parlen les comunitats gregues arreu dels països on es va estendre la <a href="/wiki/Colonitzaci%C3%B3_grega" title="Colonització grega">colonització grega</a> en l'<a href="/wiki/Antiguitat_cl%C3%A0ssica" title="Antiguitat clàssica">Antiguitat</a>: <a href="/wiki/Alb%C3%A0nia" title="Albània">Albània</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulg%C3%A0ria" title="Bulgària">Bulgària</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maced%C3%B2nia_del_Nord" title="Macedònia del Nord">Macedònia del Nord</a>, <a href="/wiki/It%C3%A0lia" title="Itàlia">Itàlia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turquia" title="Turquia">Turquia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arm%C3%A8nia" title="Armènia">Armènia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ge%C3%B2rgia" title="Geòrgia">Geòrgia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ucra%C3%AFna" title="Ucraïna">Ucraïna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mold%C3%A0via" title="Moldàvia">Moldàvia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>, <a href="/wiki/R%C3%BAssia" title="Rússia">Rússia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egipte" title="Egipte">Egipte</a> i <a href="/wiki/Jord%C3%A0nia" title="Jordània">Jordània</a>, així com a <a href="/wiki/Di%C3%A0spora_grega" title="Diàspora grega">comunitats d'emigrants</a> arreu del món, incloent-hi <a href="/wiki/Austr%C3%A0lia" title="Austràlia">Austràlia</a>, els <a href="/wiki/Estats_Units" class="mw-redirect" title="Estats Units">Estats Units</a>, el <a href="/wiki/Canad%C3%A0" title="Canadà">Canadà</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alemanya" title="Alemanya">Alemanya</a> i així en altres països de la <a href="/wiki/Di%C3%A0spora_grega" title="Diàspora grega">diàspora grega</a>. </p><p>El grec s'escriu amb l'<a href="/wiki/Alfabet_grec" title="Alfabet grec">alfabet grec</a>, antecessor dels alfabets <a href="/wiki/Alfabet_llat%C3%AD" title="Alfabet llatí">llatí</a> i <a href="/wiki/Alfabet_cir%C3%ADl%C2%B7lic" title="Alfabet ciríl·lic">ciríl·lic</a>. El grec s'ha escrit en <a href="/wiki/Alfabet_grec" title="Alfabet grec">alfabet grec</a> des del segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">ix</span> aC a <a href="/wiki/Antiga_Gr%C3%A8cia" title="Antiga Grècia">Grècia</a> (anteriorment s'havia escrit en <a href="/wiki/Escriptura_lineal_B" class="mw-redirect" title="Escriptura lineal B">escriptura lineal B</a>) i des del segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">iv</span> aC a <a href="/wiki/Xipre" title="Xipre">Xipre</a> (anteriorment, en <a href="/wiki/Sil%C2%B7labari_xipriota" title="Sil·labari xipriota">sil·labari xipriota</a>). </p><p>El grec és una de les branques de les <a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_indoeuropees" title="Llengües indoeuropees">llengües indoeuropees</a> amb material escrit més antic, amb escrits fragmentaris en <a href="/wiki/Mic%C3%A8nic" title="Micènic">grec micènic</a> del segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xv</span> aC o segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xiv</span> aC.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La <a href="/wiki/Literatura_grega" title="Literatura grega">literatura grega</a> té una història contínua de gairebé tres mil anys, la més llarga de totes les llengües indoeuropees.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Durant l'<a href="/wiki/Antiguitat_cl%C3%A0ssica" title="Antiguitat clàssica">Antiguitat</a>, el grec era, amb diferència, la <a href="/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca">lingua franca</a> més parlada al <a href="/wiki/Hist%C3%B2ria_de_la_regi%C3%B3_mediterr%C3%A0nia" title="Història de la regió mediterrània">món mediterrani</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Finalment es va convertir en la llengua oficial de l'<a href="/wiki/Imperi_Bizant%C3%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperi Bizantí">Imperi Bizantí</a> i es va convertir en el <a href="/wiki/Grec_medieval" title="Grec medieval">grec medieval</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Història"><span id="Hist.C3.B2ria"></span>Història</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grec&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la secció: Història"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>El grec es parla a la <a href="/wiki/Balcans" title="Balcans">península Balcànica</a> des del 3r mil·lenni aC,<sup id="cite_ref-BVG_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BVG-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> o possiblement abans.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> L'evidència escrita més antiga és la <a href="/wiki/Tauleta_d%27argila" title="Tauleta d'argila">tauleta d'argila</a> <a href="/wiki/Lineal_B" title="Lineal B">lineal B</a> trobada a <a href="/wiki/Mess%C3%A8nia" title="Messènia">Messènia</a> que data d'entre 1450 i 1350 aC,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> fent del grec la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Llengua_moderna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Llengua moderna (encara no existeix)">llengua viva</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Llista_de_lleng%C3%BCes_segons_els_primers_relats_escrits&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Llista de llengües segons els primers relats escrits (encara no existeix)">més antiga registrada</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Entre les llengües indoeuropees, la seva data d'atestació escrita més antiga només coincideix amb els <a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_anat%C3%B2liques" title="Llengües anatòliques">idiomes anatòlics</a>, ara desapareguts. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Grec_antic_o_clàssic"><span id="Grec_antic_o_cl.C3.A0ssic"></span>Grec antic o clàssic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grec&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la secció: Grec antic o clàssic"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r25609156">.mw-parser-output .excerpt .selflink{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .excerpt-indicator{border-left:3px solid #c8ccd1;margin:1em 0;padding-left:1em}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r30997230">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink selfref">Aquest paràgraf és un extracte de <a href="/wiki/Grec_antic" title="Grec antic">Grec antic</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text" href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grec_antic&action=edit">modifica</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt"> El <a href="/wiki/Grec_antic" title="Grec antic">grec</a> pertany a la gran <a href="/wiki/Fam%C3%ADlia_de_lleng%C3%BCes" class="mw-redirect" title="Família de llengües">família de llengües</a> derivades d'una llengua avantpassada comuna coneguda com a <a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_indoeuropees" title="Llengües indoeuropees">indoeuropeu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La llengua grega de l'antiguitat es parlava no sols a l'<a href="/wiki/Antiga_Gr%C3%A8cia" title="Antiga Grècia">antiga Grècia</a> peninsular, sinó també a les <a href="/wiki/Col%C3%B2nia_grega" class="mw-redirect" title="Colònia grega">colònies</a>, cosa que va donar lloc als distints <a href="/wiki/Dialectes" class="mw-redirect" title="Dialectes">dialectes</a> que es coneixen.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La <a href="/wiki/Grec_modern" class="mw-redirect" title="Grec modern">llengua grega</a> actual té el seu origen en aquesta època, encara que ha sofert grans transformacions en els seus més de tres mil anys d'història, des del <a href="/wiki/Mic%C3%A8nic" title="Micènic">grec micènic</a> de l'<a href="/wiki/Edat_del_bronze" title="Edat del bronze">edat del bronze</a> fins al <a href="/wiki/Grec_dem%C3%B2tic" title="Grec demòtic">grec demòtic</a> contemporani, passant pel <a href="/wiki/Grec_hel%C2%B7len%C3%ADstic" class="mw-redirect" title="Grec hel·lenístic">grec hel·lenístic</a> i pel <a href="/wiki/Grec_medieval" title="Grec medieval">grec medieval</a>.</div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Grec_hel·lenístic_o_koiné"><span id="Grec_hel.C2.B7len.C3.ADstic_o_koin.C3.A9"></span>Grec hel·lenístic o koiné</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grec&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la secció: Grec hel·lenístic o koiné"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r30997230"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Article principal: <a href="/wiki/Grec_koin%C3%A9" title="Grec koiné">Grec koiné</a></div> <p>A partir de la unificació de Grècia sota <a href="/wiki/Filip_de_Maced%C3%B2nia" class="mw-redirect" title="Filip de Macedònia">Filip de Macedònia</a>, el dialecte àtic, lleugerament alterat pel contacte amb els altres dialectes, es va imposar com a llengua literària a tot Grècia i es va estendre amb les conquestes d'<a href="/wiki/Alexandre_el_Gran" title="Alexandre el Gran">Alexandre el Gran</a> a tot l'<a href="/wiki/Orient" title="Orient">Orient</a>. </p><p>El dialecte resultant es va anomenar "llengua comuna" o "Koiné" (de Κοινή, <i>comú</i>). Hi van escriure, entre altres, el <a href="/wiki/Fil%C3%B2sof" title="Filòsof">filòsof</a> <a href="/wiki/Arist%C3%B2til" title="Aristòtil">Aristòtil</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/Historiador" title="Historiador">historiador</a> <a href="/wiki/Polibi" title="Polibi">Polibi</a> i el <a href="/wiki/Moralista" class="mw-redirect" title="Moralista">moralista</a> <a href="/wiki/Plutarc" class="mw-redirect" title="Plutarc">Plutarc</a>. Va ser durant molts segles la <i>lingua franca</i> de l'imperi Romà (època durant la qual el <a href="/wiki/Nou_Testament" title="Nou Testament">Nou Testament</a> va aparèixer, escrit en aquesta llengua i fent que la denominació "grec del Nou Testament" no sigui inusual avui dia). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Grec_medieval_o_bizantí"><span id="Grec_medieval_o_bizant.C3.AD"></span>Grec medieval o bizantí</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grec&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la secció: Grec medieval o bizantí"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25609156"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r30997230"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink selfref">Aquest paràgraf és un extracte de <a href="/wiki/Grec_medieval" title="Grec medieval">Grec medieval</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text" href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grec_medieval&action=edit">modifica</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt"> El <a href="/wiki/Grec_medieval" title="Grec medieval">grec medieval</a>, també conegut com a grec bizantí, és un terme per a cobrir totes les formes de la llengua grega que es van parlar o escriure durant l'<a href="/wiki/Imperi_Rom%C3%A0_d%27Orient" title="Imperi Romà d'Orient">Imperi Romà d'Orient</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Grec_medieval_Bizantí_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grec_medieval_Bizantí-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Convencionalment se'n prenen com a dates límit el segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">iv</span> i <a href="/wiki/1453" title="1453">1453</a>, la conquesta de <a href="/wiki/Constantinoble" title="Constantinoble">Constantinoble</a> pels <a href="/wiki/Imperi_Otom%C3%A0" title="Imperi Otomà">turcs</a>. Durant el període <a href="/wiki/Imperi_Rom%C3%A0_d%27Orient" title="Imperi Romà d'Orient">romà d'Orient</a> la llengua grega va perdre el seu caràcter antic, per l'evolució de les formes i per la barreja d'elements estranys, i va donar origen al <a href="/wiki/Grec_modern" class="mw-redirect" title="Grec modern">grec modern</a>.</div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Grec_modern">Grec modern</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grec&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la secció: Grec modern"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Amb <i><a href="/wiki/Grec_modern" class="mw-redirect" title="Grec modern">grec modern</a></i> ens referim a la llengua oficial de <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A8cia" title="Grècia">Grècia</a> i <a href="/wiki/Xipre" title="Xipre">Xipre</a> també coneguda com a <i><a href="/wiki/Grec_dem%C3%B2tic" title="Grec demòtic">grec demòtic</a></i>. Aquesta és una forma evolucionada del <a href="/wiki/Grec_cl%C3%A0ssic" class="mw-redirect" title="Grec clàssic">grec clàssic</a> (tal com poden ser-ho les <a href="/wiki/Llengua_rom%C3%A0nica" class="mw-redirect" title="Llengua romànica">llengües romàniques</a> del <a href="/wiki/Llat%C3%AD" title="Llatí">llatí</a>). El <b>grec modern</b> prové directament de la <b>koiné</b> (llengua comuna -κοινή γλώσσα-) o grec hel·lenístic (el grec alexandrí o del Nou Testament). Aquesta <b>koiné</b> amb el pas del temps es va dividir en dues varietats: la <a href="/wiki/Grec_dem%C3%B2tic" title="Grec demòtic">Dimotikí</a> (Δημοτική), la <b>llengua demòtica</b> (vernacla), i la <b><a href="/wiki/Kathar%C3%A9vussa" title="Katharévussa">Katharévussa</a></b> (Καθαρεύουσα). El <b>demòtic</b> era el que la gent parlava i el <b>Katharévussa</b> era una llengua artificial, elegant i arrelada en la investigació, basada en el grec clàssic i allunyada de la parla que utilitzava primordialment la gent. Els que donaven suport al demòtic eren els demotiquistes i els que donaven suport a la <b>Katharévussa</b> eren els puristes; aquests últims no admetien que la difusió de la llengua vernacla i volien una llengua hereva de la gran cultura antiga que tenia el grec. Des de la creació del modern regne de Grècia el govern adoptà el katharévussa com a llengua oficial. Durant el segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xx</span>, tot i l'oposició dels puristes, el demòtic es va anar introduint en els nivells més bàsics de l'educació. Durant la dictadura dels coronels el demòtic va estar prohibit en tots els nivells de l'educació. Després de la dictadura, en 1976 el Parlament va convertir el demòtic en l'única llengua oficial de l'Estat, que des d'aleshores és la llengua que s'aprèn a les escoles i s'estudia a les universitats, i la llengua que fan servir els mitjans de comunicació i els escriptors. </p><p>Les principals diferències gramaticals que es presenten entre la forma actual i l'antiga resideixen en la simplificació i regularització de declinacions i conjugacions. A la declinació ha desaparegut el nombre dual i el cas datiu (que únicament es conserva en unes poques frases fetes). A la conjugació s'han regularitzat la majoria de verbs, ha desaparegut el nombre dual, s'han eliminat els <a href="/wiki/Mode_gramatical" title="Mode gramatical">modes</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Optatiu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Optatiu (encara no existeix)">optatiu</a> i <a href="/wiki/Infinitiu" title="Infinitiu">infinitiu</a>, s'han creat nombrosos temps perifràstics construïts amb verbs auxiliars i partícules modals (d'una manera bastant anàloga al que ha passat amb les llengües romàniques i el llatí). </p><p>Quant al lèxic, el vernacle es caracteritza per l'ús de molts préstecs que ha acceptat d'altres llengües concretament de l'<a href="/wiki/Itali%C3%A0" title="Italià">italià</a>, el <a href="/wiki/Turc" title="Turc">turc</a> i el <a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A8s" title="Francès">francès</a>; també mostra una gran facilitat per a combinar i compondre paraules. El purista o katharévussa evita les paraules d'altres llengües i quan necessita nous termes que no existien en la llengua clàssica hel·lenitza les paraules d'un altre origen, tractant en tot cas de preservar les arrels originals de la seua llengua. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diglòssia"><span id="Digl.C3.B2ssia"></span>Diglòssia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grec&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la secció: Diglòssia"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A l'època moderna, la llengua grega va entrar en un estat de <a href="/wiki/Digl%C3%B2ssia" title="Diglòssia">diglòssia</a>: la coexistència de formes escrites vernacles i arcaitzants de la llengua. El que es va conèixer com la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Q%C3%BCesti%C3%B3_de_la_llengua_grega&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qüestió de la llengua grega (encara no existeix)">qüestió de la llengua grega</a> va ser una polarització entre dues varietats competidores de grec modern: <a href="/wiki/Grec_dem%C3%B2tic" title="Grec demòtic">Dimotiki</a>, la forma vernacular del grec modern pròpiament dit, i <a href="/wiki/Katharevousa" class="mw-redirect" title="Katharevousa">Katharevousa</a>, que significa 'purificat', un compromís entre Dimotiki i <a href="/wiki/Grec_antic" title="Grec antic">grec antic</a> desenvolupat a principis del segle XIX que es va utilitzar amb finalitats literaris i oficials al nou estat grec format. L'any 1976, el dimotiki va ser declarat llengua oficial de Grècia, després d'haver incorporat característiques de Katharevousa i donar així a llum el <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grec_modern_est%C3%A0ndard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grec modern estàndard (encara no existeix)">grec modern estàndard</a>, utilitzat avui per a tots els propòsits oficials i en l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Educaci%C3%B3_a_Gr%C3%A8cia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Educació a Grècia (encara no existeix)">educació</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Unitat_històrica"><span id="Unitat_hist.C3.B2rica"></span>Unitat històrica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grec&action=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la secció: Unitat històrica"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Modern_Greek_dialects_en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Modern_Greek_dialects_en.svg/240px-Modern_Greek_dialects_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Modern_Greek_dialects_en.svg/360px-Modern_Greek_dialects_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Modern_Greek_dialects_en.svg/480px-Modern_Greek_dialects_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="700" /></a><figcaption>La distribució de les principals àrees dialectals del grec modern</figcaption></figure> <p>Sovint se subratlla la unitat històrica i la identitat contínua entre les diferents etapes de la llengua grega. Tot i que el grec ha experimentat canvis morfològics i fonològics comparables als que s'observen en altres llengües, mai des de l'antiguitat clàssica la seva tradició cultural, literària i ortogràfica no s'ha vist interrompuda fins al punt que es pugui parlar de l'emergència d'una nova llengua. Els parlants de grec avui dia tendeixen a considerar les obres literàries del grec antic com a part de la seva pròpia i no com a llengua estrangera.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> També s'afirma sovint que els canvis històrics han estat relativament lleus en comparació amb altres llengües. Segons una estimació, "el <a href="/wiki/Grec_hom%C3%A8ric" title="Grec homèric">grec homèric</a> és probablement més a prop del <a href="/wiki/Grec_dem%C3%B2tic" title="Grec demòtic">demòtic</a> que l'<a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A8s_mitj%C3%A0" title="Anglès mitjà">anglès mitjà</a> del segle XII és de l'<a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A8s_modern" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglès modern">anglès parlat modern</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribució_geogràfica"><span id="Distribuci.C3.B3_geogr.C3.A0fica"></span>Distribució geogràfica</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grec&action=edit&section=8" title="Modifica la secció: Distribució geogràfica"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r30997230"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Vegeu també: <a href="/wiki/Grecs" title="Grecs">Grecs</a> i <a href="/wiki/Di%C3%A0spora_grega" title="Diàspora grega">Diàspora grega</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Greek_language_in_the_Russian_Empire_(1897).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Greek_language_in_the_Russian_Empire_%281897%29.svg/220px-Greek_language_in_the_Russian_Empire_%281897%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Greek_language_in_the_Russian_Empire_%281897%29.svg/330px-Greek_language_in_the_Russian_Empire_%281897%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Greek_language_in_the_Russian_Empire_%281897%29.svg/440px-Greek_language_in_the_Russian_Empire_%281897%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="4648" data-file-height="2744" /></a><figcaption>Distribució geogràfica de la llengua grega a l'Imperi Rus (cens de 1897)</figcaption></figure> <p>El grec és parlat avui per almenys 13 milions de persones, principalment a Grècia i Xipre juntament amb una important <a href="/wiki/Grecs_d%27Alb%C3%A0nia" title="Grecs d'Albània">minoria grecoparlant a Albània</a> prop de la frontera greco-albanesa.<sup id="cite_ref-Ethnologue_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ethnologue-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Un percentatge important de la població d'Albània coneix la llengua grega a causa, en part, de l'onada d'immigració albanesa a Grècia dels anys vuitanta i noranta i de la comunitat grega del país. Abans de la <a href="/wiki/Guerra_Greco-Turca_(1919%E2%80%931922)" class="mw-redirect" title="Guerra Greco-Turca (1919–1922)">Guerra Greco-Turca</a> i el resultant <a href="/wiki/Intercanvi_de_poblaci%C3%B3_entre_Gr%C3%A8cia_i_Turquia" class="mw-redirect" title="Intercanvi de població entre Grècia i Turquia">intercanvi de població el 1923</a> també existia una població molt gran de parlants de grec a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grecs_a_Turquia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grecs a Turquia (encara no existeix)">Turquia</a>, encara que avui dia en queden molt pocs.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> També es troba una petita comunitat de parla grega a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grecs_a_Bulg%C3%A0ria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grecs a Bulgària (encara no existeix)">Bulgària</a> prop de la frontera greco-búlgara. El grec també es parla a tot el món per la gran <a href="/wiki/Di%C3%A0spora_grega" title="Diàspora grega">diàspora grega</a> que té comunitats notables als <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grec-americans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grec-americans (encara no existeix)">Estats Units</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grecs_australians&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grecs australians (encara no existeix)">Austràlia</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grec-canadencs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grec-canadencs (encara no existeix)">Canadà</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grecs_sud-africans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grecs sud-africans (encara no existeix)">Sud-àfrica</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grec_xil%C3%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grec xilè (encara no existeix)">Xile</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grecs_brasilers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grecs brasilers (encara no existeix)">Brasil</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grecs_argentins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grecs argentins (encara no existeix)">Argentina</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grecs_a_R%C3%BAssia_i_la_Uni%C3%B3_Sovi%C3%A8tica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grecs a Rússia i la Unió Soviètica (encara no existeix)">Rússia</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grecs_a_Ucra%C3%AFna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grecs a Ucraïna (encara no existeix)">Ucraïna</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grecs_al_Regne_Unit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grecs al Regne Unit (encara no existeix)">Regne Unit</a> i a tota l'<a href="/wiki/Uni%C3%B3_Europea" title="Unió Europea">Unió Europea</a>, especialment a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grecs_a_Alemanya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grecs a Alemanya (encara no existeix)">Alemanya</a>. </p><p>Històricament, es van trobar comunitats i regions de parla grega significatives a tot el <a href="/wiki/Mediterrani_oriental" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterrani oriental">Mediterrani oriental</a>, al que avui són <a href="/wiki/Sud_d%27It%C3%A0lia" class="mw-redirect" title="Sud d'Itàlia">sud d'Itàlia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turquia" title="Turquia">Turquia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xipre" title="Xipre">Xipre</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%ADria" title="Síria">Síria</a>, <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADban" title="Líban">Líban</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estat_de_Palestina" title="Estat de Palestina">Palestina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egipte" title="Egipte">Egipte</a> i <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADbia" title="Líbia">Líbia</a>; a la zona del <a href="/wiki/Mar_Negre" class="mw-redirect" title="Mar Negre">Mar Negre</a>, al que avui és Turquia, <a href="/wiki/Bulg%C3%A0ria" title="Bulgària">Bulgària</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ucra%C3%AFna" title="Ucraïna">Ucraïna</a>, <a href="/wiki/R%C3%BAssia" title="Rússia">Rússia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ge%C3%B2rgia_(pa%C3%ADs)" class="mw-redirect" title="Geòrgia (país)">Geòrgia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arm%C3%A8nia" title="Armènia">Armènia</a> i <a href="/wiki/Azerbaidjan" title="Azerbaidjan">Azerbaidjan</a>; i, en menor mesura, al <a href="/wiki/Mar_Mediterrani" class="mw-redirect" title="Mar Mediterrani">Mediterrani occidental</a> dins i al voltant de les <a href="/wiki/Colonitzaci%C3%B3_grega" title="Colonització grega">colònies</a> com ara <a href="/wiki/Mass%C3%A0lia" title="Massàlia">Massàlia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monoikos" class="mw-redirect" title="Monoikos">Monoikos</a> i <a href="/wiki/Mainake_(assentament_grec)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mainake (assentament grec)">Mainake</a>. També es va utilitzar com a llengua oficial de govern i religió als <a href="/wiki/N%C3%BAbia#Els_regnes_cristians" title="Núbia">regnes nubis cristians</a>, durant la major part de la seva història.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Estat_oficial">Estat oficial</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grec&action=edit&section=9" title="Modifica la secció: Estat oficial"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>El grec, en la seva forma moderna, és l'<a href="/wiki/Idioma_oficial" class="mw-redirect" title="Idioma oficial">idioma oficial</a> de Grècia, on és parlat per gairebé tota la població.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> També és la llengua oficial de Xipre (nominalment al costat del <a href="/wiki/Idioma_turc" class="mw-redirect" title="Idioma turc">turc</a>) i del <a href="/wiki/Territori_brit%C3%A0nic_d%27ultramar" class="mw-redirect" title="Territori britànic d'ultramar">Territori britànic d'ultramar</a> d'<a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_i_Dhekelia" class="mw-redirect" title="Akrotiri i Dhekelia">Akrotiri i Dhekelia</a> (al costat de l'<a href="/wiki/Idioma_angl%C3%A8s" class="mw-redirect" title="Idioma anglès">anglès</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-GreekCyprus_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GreekCyprus-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A causa de la pertinença de Grècia i Xipre a la Unió Europea, el grec és una de les <a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_de_la_Uni%C3%B3_Europea#Llengües_oficials_de_la_UE" title="Llengües de la Unió Europea">24 llengües oficials</a> de l'organització.<sup id="cite_ref-European_Union_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-European_Union-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> El grec és reconegut com a <a href="/wiki/Idioma_minoritari" class="mw-redirect" title="Idioma minoritari">idioma minoritari</a> a Albània, i s'utilitza cooficialment en alguns dels seus municipis, als districtes de <a href="/wiki/Districte_de_Gjirokast%C3%ABr" title="Districte de Gjirokastër">Gjirokastër</a> i <a href="/wiki/Districte_de_Sarand%C3%AB" title="Districte de Sarandë">Sarandë</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> També és una llengua minoritària oficial a les regions d'<a href="/wiki/Ap%C3%BAlia" class="mw-redirect" title="Apúlia">Apúlia</a> i <a href="/wiki/Cal%C3%A0bria" title="Calàbria">Calàbria</a> a Itàlia. En el marc de la <a href="/wiki/Carta_Europea_de_les_Lleng%C3%BCes_Regionals_o_Minorit%C3%A0ries" class="mw-redirect" title="Carta Europea de les Llengües Regionals o Minoritàries">Carta Europea de les Llengües Regionals o Minoritàries</a>, el grec està protegit i promogut oficialment com a llengua regional i minoritària a Armènia, <a href="/wiki/Hongria" title="Hongria">Hongria</a>, Romania i Ucraïna.<sup id="cite_ref-CouncilofEurope_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CouncilofEurope-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> És reconeguda com a llengua minoritària i protegida a Turquia pel <a href="/wiki/Tractat_de_Lausana_de_1923" class="mw-redirect" title="Tractat de Lausana de 1923">Tractat de Lausana de 1923</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETsitselikis2013287–288_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETsitselikis2013287–288-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Toktaş2006_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Toktaş2006-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bayır2013_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bayır2013-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HRWLanguageRights_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HRWLanguageRights-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Evolució_del_grec"><span id="Evoluci.C3.B3_del_grec"></span>Evolució del grec</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grec&action=edit&section=10" title="Modifica la secció: Evolució del grec"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L'alfabet grec, la pronunciació clàssica (segons <a href="/wiki/Erasme_de_Rotterdam" title="Erasme de Rotterdam">Erasme de Rotterdam</a>), i els sons del grec modern: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center; background:lightblue;"> <td><b>lletra</b></td> <td style="text-align:center; background:lightblue;"><b>nom</b></td> <td style="text-align:center; background:lightblue;"><b>pronunciació erasmiana</b></td> <td style="text-align:center; background:lightblue;"><b>pronunciació actual</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Α α</td> <td>alfa</td> <td>[a]</td> <td>[a]; αι <span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">[ɛ]</span>; αυ [av] o [af] (davant consonant sorda o a final de paraula) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Β β</td> <td>beta</td> <td>[b]</td> <td>[v]; μβ [mb] o [b] </td></tr> <tr> <td>Γ γ</td> <td>gamma</td> <td>[g]; γγ [ŋg]</td> <td>[γ]; [j] davant de [i,e]; γγ [ŋg] o [g], o [ŋj] o [j] davant de [i,e] </td></tr> <tr> <td>Δ δ</td> <td>delta</td> <td>[d]</td> <td>[δ]; νδ [nd] o [d] </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ε ε</td> <td>èpsilon</td> <td>[e]; ει [i]</td> <td><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">[e]</span>; ει [i]; ευ [ev] o [ef] (davant consonant sorda o a final de paraula) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ζ ζ</td> <td>zeta</td> <td>[z]</td> <td>[z]; sol arribar a <span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">[ʒ]</span> davant de [i,e] especialment al grup τζ </td></tr> <tr> <td>H η</td> <td>eta</td> <td>[e:]</td> <td>[i]; ηυ [iv] o [if] (davant consonant sorda o a final de paraula) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Θ θ</td> <td>theta</td> <td><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">[tʰ]</span> -> [θ]</td> <td>[θ] </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ι ι</td> <td>iota</td> <td>[i] o [j]</td> <td>[i] o [j] </td></tr> <tr> <td>K κ</td> <td>kappa</td> <td>[k]; γκ [ŋk]</td> <td>[k]; pot arribar a [c] davant de [i,e]; γκ [g] a principi de paraula, [ŋg] o [g] medial </td></tr> <tr> <td>Λ λ</td> <td>lambda</td> <td>[l]</td> <td>[l]; sol arribar a <span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">[ʎ]</span> davant de [i,e] </td></tr> <tr> <td>Μ μ</td> <td>mi</td> <td>[m]</td> <td>[m]; pot arribar a <span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">[mɲ]</span> davant de [i,e] </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ν ν</td> <td>ni</td> <td>[n]</td> <td>[n]; sol arribar a <span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">[ɲ]</span> davant de [i,e] </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ξ ξ</td> <td>ksi</td> <td>[ks]</td> <td>[ks]; sol arribar a <span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">[c]</span> davant de [i,e] </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ο ο</td> <td>òmicron</td> <td>[o]; ου [u]</td> <td>[o]; ου [u]; οι [i] </td></tr> <tr> <td>Π π</td> <td>pi</td> <td>[p]</td> <td>[p]; μπ [b] a principi de paraula, [mb] o [b] medial </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ρ ρ</td> <td>ro</td> <td>[r]; [rr] inicial o doblada</td> <td>[r]; [rr] inicial o doblada </td></tr> <tr> <td>Σ -ς -σ-</td> <td>sigma</td> <td>[s]</td> <td>[s]; sol arribar a <span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">[ʃ]</span> davant de [i,e] especialment al grup τσ </td></tr> <tr> <td>Τ τ</td> <td>tau</td> <td>[t]</td> <td>[t]; ντ [d] a principi de paraula, [nd] o [d] medial </td></tr> <tr> <td>Υ υ</td> <td>ípsilon</td> <td>[u] -> [y] -> [i]; ου [u]</td> <td>[i]; ου [u]; [v] rere Α,Ε,H </td></tr> <tr> <td>Φ φ</td> <td>fi</td> <td><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">[pʰ]</span> -> [f]</td> <td>[f] </td></tr> <tr> <td>Χ χ</td> <td>khi</td> <td><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">[kʰ]</span> -> [x]; γχ [ŋx]</td> <td>[x]; [ç] davant de [i,e]; γχ [ŋx], o [ŋç] davant de [i,e] </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ψ ψ</td> <td>psi</td> <td>[ps]</td> <td>[ps]; la segona part sol arribar a <span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">[ʃ]</span> davant de [i,e] </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ω ω</td> <td>omega</td> <td>[o:]</td> <td>[o] </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>El sistema vocàlic del grec clàssic era relativament complex. La longitud articulatòria era un tret distintiu que servia per a diferenciar significats dins de paraules homògrafes. El repertori de símbols diacrítics per a representar l'accent grec, que era de tipus tonal, va ser creat cap a l'any 200 aC pels gramàtics alexandrins. Estava compost per tres classes de titlla: aguda (ó), greu (ò) i circumflexa (õ), que representaven, respectivament, un to alt, baix i de contorn (és a dir, agut més greu dins d'una mateixa síl·laba). L'accent greu només podia aparèixer en final de paraula. Igual que la longitud vocàlica, l'accent tonal era un altre tret distintiu en grec clàssic. La posició accentual estava governada per l'anomenada <b>llei de limitació</b> o <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Llei_de_les_tres_mores&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Llei de les tres mores (encara no existeix)">llei de les tres mores</a></b>, segons la qual l'accent només podia recaure dins de les tres síl·labes finals de la paraula si l'última era breu, o dins de les dues últimes si era llarga, tan lluny del final com fóra possible. Dins de la declinació nominal, la posició accentual depenia del nom en qüestió, encara que en la conjugació verbal l'accent es trobava governat per regles fixes i era predictible. </p><p>En <b>grec clàssic</b> existien dos diacrítics especials anomenats <b>esperits</b>, que s'afegien a les vocals inicials de paraula: l'esperit aspre {´} indicava una aspiració extra de la vocal en qüestió, mentre que l'esperit suau {`} assenyalava una aspiració més tènue, quasi imperceptible. D'aquesta manera tan atípica, el grec testimoniava l'existència del so fricatiu glotal [h]. Els esperits es podien combinar amb els accents dins d'una mateixa vocal. L'esperit aspre també s'afegia a la consonant ρ en posició inicial de paraula per a indicar que representava el mateix so fort que quan apareix doble al mig d'una paraula <span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">[ŗ]</span>. </p><p>El <b>grec modern</b> va conservar el seu sistema originari d'accents i esperits fins fa relativament poc, per raons etimològiques i quasi sentimentals. No obstant això, en 1982 el Ministeri d'Educació grec va adoptar un sistema d'accentuació monotònic, amb un únic accent agut (sent el circumflex opcional). </p><p>Durant el <b>període hel·lenístic</b>, el sistema consonàntic del grec clàssic va experimentar una sèrie de canvis sistemàtics que van establir el seu aspecte definitiu en grec modern. Com pot observar-se en l'esquema fonètic anterior, les oclusives sonores [b, d, g] es van convertir en els seus correlats fricatius <span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">[v, γ, đ]</span> i les oclusives sordes aspirades [p<sup>h</sup>, t<sup>h</sup>, k<sup>h</sup>] van passar a fricatives sordes [f, θ, χ], mentre que les oclusives sordes normals [p, t, k] es van conservar inalterades. Les oclusives sonores que es van perdre mitjançant aquest procés van passar a representar-se com a grups consonàntics, sovint introduïdes mitjançant préstecs lingüístics. D'altra banda, [z] es va convertir en un so amb valor distintiu (és a dir, el fonema /z/) i l'aspirat [h] indicat per l'esperit aspre va desaparèixer. Finalment, durant l'època del grec mitjà es van introduir els sons africats [ts] i [dz], amb la qual cosa el repertori consonàntic del grec modern va quedar completat. Una vegada més, el sistema gramatical de les llengües mostra regles fonètiques sistemàtiques i predictibles, seguint un model que es repeteix de forma general, segons el qual els sons sords es converteixen en sords i els sonors en sonors, amb un únic canvi global en el mode d'articulació. </p><p>Pel que fa al sistema vocàlic, els principals canvis van ser dos: 1) la longitud va deixar de ser pertinent a l'hora de diferenciar significats lèxics, per la qual cosa es va convertir en un tret no distintiu; 2) la majoria dels diftongs del grec clàssic monoftongaren segons l'esquema anteriorment explicat. El resultat va ser, d'aquesta manera, un sistema de cinc vocals curtes i pures, semblant a la del castellà: [i], <span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">[ɛ]</span>, [a], [o], [u]. L'accent, que en grec clàssic era de naturalesa tonal, s'ha convertit en la llengua moderna en un element prosòdic d'intensitat o prominència (igual que al castellà), derivat de l'antic to alt de la titla aguda o circumflexa. D'aquesta manera, s'ha eliminat la <b>llei de les tres mores</b> i l'accent en grec ha deixat de ser predictible, encara que continua posseint valor contrastiu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fonologia">Fonologia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grec&action=edit&section=11" title="Modifica la secció: Fonologia"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En l'<a href="/wiki/Alfabet_fon%C3%A8tic_internacional" title="Alfabet fonètic internacional">Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (IPA)</a>: </p><p>La distinció sistemàtica entre les vocals llargues i curtes del grec antic s'ha perdut. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Vocals">Vocals</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grec&action=edit&section=12" title="Modifica la secció: Vocals"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:25%;"> </th> <th style="background:lightblue; width:20%;"><b>anterior</b> </th> <th style="background:lightblue; width:20%;"><b>posterior</b> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:lightblue; text-align:right;"><b>tancada</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vocal_tancada_anterior_no_arrodonida" title="Vocal tancada anterior no arrodonida">i</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Vocal_tancada_posterior_arrodonida" title="Vocal tancada posterior arrodonida">u</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:lightblue; text-align:right;"><b>tancada-mitja</b> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Vocal_semitancada_posterior_arrodonida" title="Vocal semitancada posterior arrodonida">o</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:lightblue; text-align:right;"><b>oberta-mitja</b> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vocal_semioberta_anterior_no_arrodonida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vocal semioberta anterior no arrodonida (encara no existeix)">ɛ</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:lightblue; text-align:right;"><b>oberta</b> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Vocal_oberta_anterior_no_arrodonida" title="Vocal oberta anterior no arrodonida">a</a> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Consonants">Consonants</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grec&action=edit&section=13" title="Modifica la secció: Consonants"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En l'<a href="/wiki/Alfabet_fon%C3%A8tic_internacional" title="Alfabet fonètic internacional">Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (IPA)</a>: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:100px;"> </th> <th style="background:lightblue;">Bilabial </th> <th style="background:lightblue;"><b>Labiodental</b> </th> <th style="background:lightblue;"><b>Dental</b> </th> <th style="background:lightblue;"><b>Alveolar</b> </th> <th style="background:lightblue;"><b>Palatal</b> </th> <th style="background:lightblue;"><b>Velar</b> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right; background:lightblue;"><b>Oclusiva</b> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Oclusiva_bilabial_sorda" title="Oclusiva bilabial sorda">p</a> <a href="/wiki/Oclusiva_bilabial_sonora" title="Oclusiva bilabial sonora">b</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Oclusiva_alveolar_sorda" title="Oclusiva alveolar sorda">t</a> <a href="/wiki/Oclusiva_alveolar_sonora" title="Oclusiva alveolar sonora">d</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Oclusiva_palatal_sorda" title="Oclusiva palatal sorda">c</a> <span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Oclusiva_palatal_sonora" title="Oclusiva palatal sonora">ɟ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Oclusiva_velar_sorda" title="Oclusiva velar sorda">k</a> <a href="/wiki/Oclusiva_velar_sonora" title="Oclusiva velar sonora">g</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right; background:lightblue;"><b>Nasal</b> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Nasal_bilabial_sonora" title="Nasal bilabial sonora">m</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Nasal_labiodental_sonora" title="Nasal labiodental sonora">ɱ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Nasal_alveolar_sonora" title="Nasal alveolar sonora">n</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Nasal_palatal_sonora" title="Nasal palatal sonora">ɲ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Nasal_velar_sonora" title="Nasal velar sonora">ŋ</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right; background:lightblue;"><b>Vibrant</b> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Vibrant_alveolar_sonora" class="mw-redirect" title="Vibrant alveolar sonora">r</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right; background:lightblue;"><b>Fricativa</b> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Fricativa_labiodental_sorda" title="Fricativa labiodental sorda">f</a> <a href="/wiki/Fricativa_labiodental_sonora" title="Fricativa labiodental sonora">v</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Fricativa_dental_sorda" title="Fricativa dental sorda">θ</a> <a href="/wiki/Fricativa_dental_sonora" title="Fricativa dental sonora">ð</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Fricativa_alveolar_sorda" title="Fricativa alveolar sorda">s</a> <a href="/wiki/Fricativa_alveolar_sonora" title="Fricativa alveolar sonora">z</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Fricativa_palatal_sorda" title="Fricativa palatal sorda">ç</a> <a href="/wiki/Fricativa_palatal_sonora" title="Fricativa palatal sonora">ʝ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Fricativa_velar_sorda" title="Fricativa velar sorda">x</a> <span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Fricativa_velar_sonora" title="Fricativa velar sonora">ɣ</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right; background:lightblue;"><b>Africada</b> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Africada_alveolar_sorda" title="Africada alveolar sorda">ts</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Africada_alveolar_sonora&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Africada alveolar sonora (encara no existeix)">dz</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right; background:lightblue;"><b>Aproximant</b> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Aproximant_palatal_sonora" class="mw-redirect" title="Aproximant palatal sonora">j</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right; background:lightblue;"><b>Aprox. lateral</b> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Lateral_aproximant_alveolar_sonora" class="mw-redirect" title="Lateral aproximant alveolar sonora">l</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Lateral_aproximant_palatal_sonora" class="mw-redirect" title="Lateral aproximant palatal sonora">ʎ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dialectes_del_grec_modern">Dialectes del grec modern</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grec&action=edit&section=14" title="Modifica la secció: Dialectes del grec modern"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capadoci" title="Capadoci">Capadoci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grec_cretenc" title="Grec cretenc">Cretenc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grec%C3%A0nic" title="Grecànic">Grecànic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griko_salentino" title="Griko salentino">Griko salentino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%B2ntic" title="Pòntic">Pòntic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsac%C3%B2nic" title="Tsacònic">Tsacònic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xipriota" class="mw-redirect" title="Xipriota">Xipriota</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vegeu_també"><span id="Vegeu_tamb.C3.A9"></span>Vegeu també</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grec&action=edit&section=15" title="Modifica la secció: Vegeu també"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfabet_grec" title="Alfabet grec">Alfabet grec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gram%C3%A0tica_del_grec_modern" title="Gramàtica del grec modern">Gramàtica del grec modern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grec_dem%C3%B2tic" title="Grec demòtic">Grec demòtic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transliteraci%C3%B3_i_transcripci%C3%B3_de_l%27alfabet_grec" title="Transliteració i transcripció de l'alfabet grec">Transliteració i transcripció de l'alfabet grec</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referències"><span id="Refer.C3.A8ncies"></span>Referències</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grec&action=edit&section=16" title="Modifica la secció: Referències"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist {{#if: | references-column-count references-column-count-{{{col}}}" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-0">1,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-1">1,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal"> «Greek language». A: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/244595/Greek-language"><i></i></a><i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>.  Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc..</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%5B%5BEncyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica%5D%5D&rft.atitle=Greek+language&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica%2C+Inc.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F244595%2FGreek-language"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Haviland</span>, William A.; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Prins</span>, Harald E. L.; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Walrath</span>, Dana [<i>et al.</i>].. «Chapter 15: Language and Communication». A: <i>Anthropology: The Human Challenge</i> (en anglès).  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cengage&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cengage (encara no existeix)">Cengage Learning</a>, 2013, p. 394. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-1-285-67758-3" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-1-285-67758-3">ISBN 978-1-285-67758-3</a></span>. «Most of the alphabets used today descended from the Phoenician one. The Greeks adopted it about 2,800 years ago, modifying the characters to suit sounds in their own language.»</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anthropology%3A+The+Human+Challenge&rft.atitle=Chapter+15%3A+Language+and+Communication&rft.aulast=Haviland&rft.aufirst=William+A.&rft.date=2013&rft.pub=%5B%5BCengage%7CCengage+Learning%5D%5D&rft.pages=394&rft.isbn=978-1-285-67758-3"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Comrie</span>, Bernard. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lR9WDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT463"><i>The World's Major Languages</i></a> (en anglès).  <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>, 1987. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-1-317-29049-0" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-1-317-29049-0">ISBN 978-1-317-29049-0</a></span>. «... the Greek alphabet has served the Greek language well for some 2,800 years since its introduction into Greece in the tenth or ninth century BC.»</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World%27s+Major+Languages&rft.aulast=Comrie&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rft.date=1987&rft.pub=%5B%5BRoutledge%5D%5D&rft.isbn=978-1-317-29049-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlR9WDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT463"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Malkin</span>, Irad. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199734818.001.0001"><i>A small Greek world : networks in the Ancient Mediterranean</i></a>.  Oxford University Press, 2011. <span style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">DOI</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199734818.001.0001">10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199734818.001.0001</a></span>. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/9780199918553" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/9780199918553">ISBN 9780199918553</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+small+Greek+world+%3A+networks+in+the+Ancient+Mediterranean&rft.aulast=Malkin&rft.aufirst=Irad&rft.date=2011&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.isbn=9780199918553&rft_id=info:doi/10.1093%2Facprof%3Aoso%2F9780199734818.001.0001&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%2Facprof%3Aoso%2F9780199734818.001.0001"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFManuel1989"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Manuel</span>, Germaine Catherine. <i>A study of the preservation of the classical tradition in the education, language, and literature of the Byzantine Empire</i>, 1989.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+study+of+the+preservation+of+the+classical+tradition+in+the+education%2C+language%2C+and+literature+of+the+Byzantine+Empire&rft.aulast=Manuel&rft.aufirst=Germaine+Catherine&rft.date=1989&rft.place=HVD+ALEPH"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BVG-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-BVG_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRenfrew2003">Renfrew 2003</a>, p. 35; <a href="#CITEREFGeorgiev1981">Georgiev 1981</a>, p. 192.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrayAtkinson2003">Gray & Atkinson 2003</a>, pàg. 437–438; <a href="#CITEREFAtkinsonGray2006">Atkinson & Gray 2006</a>, p. 102.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210725055018/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/article/110330-oldest-writing-europe-tablet-greece-science-mycenae-greek">Ancient Tablet Found: Oldest Readable Writing in Europe</a>» (en anglès). <i>Culture</i>, 01-04-2011. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/article/110330-oldest-writing-europe-tablet-greece-science-mycenae-greek">original</a> el 25 July 2021. [Consulta: 20 gener 2022].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFTulloch2017"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Tulloch</span>, A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=h7YjEAAAQBAJ"><i>Understanding English Homonyms: Their Origins and Usage</i></a>.  Hong Kong University Press, 2017, p. 153. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-988-8390-64-9" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-988-8390-64-9">ISBN 978-988-8390-64-9</a></span>. «Greek is the world's oldest recorded living language.»</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Understanding+English+Homonyms%3A+Their+Origins+and+Usage&rft.aulast=Tulloch&rft.aufirst=A.&rft.date=2017&rft.pub=Hong+Kong+University+Press&rft.pages=153&rft.isbn=978-988-8390-64-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dh7YjEAAAQBAJ"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.proel.org/index.php?pagina=mundo/indoeuro/helenico/griegocl">Promotora Española de Lingüística</a>». [Consulta: 17 desembre 2018].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Greek-language">Greek language</a>» (en anglès). [Consulta: 17 desembre 2018].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Grec_medieval_Bizantí-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Grec_medieval_Bizantí_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Imperi_Rom%C3%A0_d%27Orient#Nom" title="Imperi Romà d'Orient">Conegut igualment pel nom anacrònic de <i>Imperi Bizantí</i></a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Peter</span>, Mackridge. <i>The modern Greek language : a descriptive analysis of standard modern Greek</i>.  Oxford [Oxfordshire]: Oxford University Press, 1985. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-0-19-815770-0" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-0-19-815770-0">ISBN 978-0-19-815770-0</a></span>. <span style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/OCLC" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/11134463">11134463</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+modern+Greek+language+%3A+a+descriptive+analysis+of+standard+modern+Greek&rft.aulast=Peter&rft.aufirst=Mackridge&rft.date=1985&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.place=Oxford+%5BOxfordshire%5D&rft.isbn=978-0-19-815770-0&rft_id=info:oclcnum/11134463"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrowning1983">Browning 1983</a>, pàg. vii–viii.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAlexiou1982">Alexiou 1982</a>, p. 161.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ethnologue-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Ethnologue_16-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/language/ell">Greek</a>» (en anglès). <i>Ethnologue</i>. [Consulta: 12 abril 2020].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Burstein</span>, Stanley. «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chs.harvard.edu/curated-article/snowden-lectures-stanley-burstein-when-greek-was-an-african-language/">When Greek was an African Language</a>», 02-11-2020. «The revelation of the place of Greek cultural elements in the lives of these kingdoms has been gradual and is still ongoing, but already it is clear that Greek was the official language of government and religion for most of their history.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> </span>... Greek remained the official language of Nubian Christianity right to the end of its long and remarkable history.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> </span>... But these three factors do suggest how Greek and Christianity could have become so intimately intertwined and so entrenched in Nubian life and culture by the seventh century AD that Greek could resist both Coptic and Arabic and survive for almost another millennium before both disappeared with the conversion of Nubia to Islam in the sixteenth century AD.»</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/greece/">Greece</a>». <i>The World Factbook</i>.  Central Intelligence Agency. [Consulta: 23 gener 2010].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GreekCyprus-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-GreekCyprus_19-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120407035710/http://www.cyprus.gov.cy/portal/portal.nsf/0/302578ad62e1ea3ac2256fd5003b61d4?OpenDocument&ExpandSection=3&Click=">The Constitution of Cyprus, App. D., Part 1, Art. 3</a>». Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cyprus.gov.cy/portal/portal.nsf/0/302578ad62e1ea3ac2256fd5003b61d4?OpenDocument&ExpandSection=3&Click=">original</a> el 7 April 2012.</span> states that <i>The official languages of the Republic are Greek and Turkish</i>. However, the official status of Turkish is only nominal in the Greek-dominated Republic of Cyprus; in practice, outside Turkish-dominated <a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Cyprus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Northern Cyprus (encara no existeix)">Northern Cyprus</a>, Turkish is little used; see A. Arvaniti (2006): Erasure as a Means of Maintaining Diglossia in Cyprus, <i>San Diego Linguistics Papers</i> 2: pp. 25–38 [27].</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-European_Union-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-European_Union_20-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130621213949/http://europa.eu/about-eu/facts-figures/administration/index_en.htm">The EU at a Glance – Languages in the EU</a>». <i>Europa</i>.  European Union. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://europa.eu/abc/european_countries/languages/index_en.htm">original</a> el 21 June 2013. [Consulta: 30 juliol 2010].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Bytyçi</span>, Enver. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vy5lEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA20"><i>In the Shadows of Albania-China Relations (1960–1978)</i></a> (en anglès).  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cambridge_Scholars_Publishing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cambridge Scholars Publishing (encara no existeix)">Cambridge Scholars Publishing</a>, 2022, p. 20. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-1-5275-7909-5" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-1-5275-7909-5">ISBN 978-1-5275-7909-5</a></span>. «Albania's official language is Albanian, but in municipalities where minorities reside, the languages of these minorities are also used, including Greek in several municipalities in Gjirokastra and Saranda, and Macedonian in a municipality in the East of the country.»</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+the+Shadows+of+Albania-China+Relations+%281960%E2%80%931978%29&rft.aulast=Byty%C3%A7i&rft.aufirst=Enver&rft.date=2022&rft.pub=%5B%5BCambridge+Scholars+Publishing%5D%5D&rft.pages=20&rft.isbn=978-1-5275-7909-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dvy5lEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA20"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CouncilofEurope-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-CouncilofEurope_22-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200410102457/https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/search-on-treaties/-/conventions/treaty/148/declarations">List of Declarations Made with Respect to Treaty No. 148</a>».  Council of Europe. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/Commun/ListeDeclarations.asp?NT=148&CM=8&DF=23/01/05&CL=ENG&VL=1">original</a> el 10 April 2020. [Consulta: 8 desembre 2008].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETsitselikis2013287–288-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETsitselikis2013287–288_23-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTsitselikis2013">Tsitselikis, 2013</a>, p. 287–288.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Toktaş2006-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Toktaş2006_24-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Toktaş</span>, Şule «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cadmus.eui.eu/handle/1814/42732">EU enlargement conditions and minority protection : a reflection on Turkey's non-Muslim minorities</a>» (en anglès). <i>East European Quarterly</i>, vol. 40, 4, 2006, pàg. 489–519. <a href="/wiki/ISSN" title="ISSN">ISSN</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0012-8449">0012-8449</a>. «This implies that Turkey grants educational right in minority languages only to the recognized minorities covered by the Lausanne who are the Armenians, Greeks and the Jews.»</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bayır2013-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Bayır2013_25-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Bayır</span>, Derya. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/37557239"><i>Minorities and nationalism in Turkish law</i></a>.  Farnham: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ashgate_Publishing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ashgate Publishing (encara no existeix)">Ashgate Publishing</a>, 2013, p. 89–90 (Cultural Diversity and Law). <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-1-4094-7254-4" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-1-4094-7254-4">ISBN 978-1-4094-7254-4</a></span>. «Oran farther points out that the rights set out for the four categories are stated to be the 'fundamental law' of the land, so that no legislation or official action shall conflict or interfere with these stipulations or prevail over them (article 37). [...] According to the Turkish state, only Greek, Armenian and Jewish non-Muslims were granted minority protection by the Lausanne Treaty. [...] Except for non-Muslim populations – that is, Greeks, Jews and Armenians – none of the other minority groups' language rights have been <i>de jure</i> protected by the legal system in Turkey.»</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Minorities+and+nationalism+in+Turkish+law&rft.aulast=Bay%C4%B1r&rft.aufirst=Derya&rft.date=2013&rft.pub=%5B%5BAshgate+Publishing%5D%5D&rft.place=Farnham&rft.pages=89%E2%80%9390&rft.series=Cultural+Diversity+and+Law&rft.isbn=978-1-4094-7254-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F37557239"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HRWLanguageRights-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-HRWLanguageRights_26-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2002/04/19/qa-freedom-expression-and-language-rights-turkey"><i>Questions and Answers: Freedom of Expression and Language Rights in Turkey</i></a>.  New York: Human Rights Watch, April 19, 2002. «The Turkish government accepts the language rights of the Jewish, Greek and Armenian minorities as being guaranteed by the 1923 Treaty of Lausanne.»</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Questions+and+Answers%3A+Freedom+of+Expression+and+Language+Rights+in+Turkey&rft.date=April+19%2C+2002&rft.pub=Human+Rights+Watch&rft.place=New+York&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fnews%2F2002%2F04%2F19%2Fqa-freedom-expression-and-language-rights-turkey"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grec&action=edit&section=17" title="Modifica la secció: Bibliografia"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="refbegin" style="margin-left:1.5em;-moz-column-count:40em; -webkit-column-count:40em; column-count:40em;"> <ul><li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFAlexiou1982"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Alexiou</span>, Margaret. «Diglossia in Greece». A: <i>Standard Languages: Spoken and Written</i>.  Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1982, p. 156–192. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-0-389-20291-2" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-0-389-20291-2">ISBN 978-0-389-20291-2</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Standard+Languages%3A+Spoken+and+Written&rft.atitle=Diglossia+in+Greece&rft.aulast=Alexiou&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rft.date=1982&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.place=Manchester&rft.pages=156%E2%80%93192&rft.isbn=978-0-389-20291-2"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFAndroutsopoulos2009"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Androutsopoulos</span>, Jannis. «'Greeklish': Transliteration Practice and Discourse in a Setting of Computer-Mediated Digraphia». A: Georgakopoulou, Alexandra. <i>Standard Languages and Language Standards: Greek, Past and Present</i>.  Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing Limited, 2009, p. 221–249.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Standard+Languages+and+Language+Standards%3A+Greek%2C+Past+and+Present&rft.atitle=%27Greeklish%27%3A+Transliteration+Practice+and+Discourse+in+a+Setting+of+Computer-Mediated+Digraphia&rft.aulast=Androutsopoulos&rft.aufirst=Jannis&rft.date=2009&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing+Limited&rft.place=Aldershot&rft.pages=221%E2%80%93249"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title=" since October 2017" style="white-space: nowrap;"><i>[<a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Enlla%C3%A7os_externs#Manteniment_d'enllaços_externs" title="Viquipèdia:Enllaços externs">Enllaç no actiu</a>]</i></span></sup></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFAtkinsonGray2006"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Atkinson</span>, Quentin D.; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Gray</span>, Russel D. «Chapter 8: How Old is the Indo-European Language Family? Illumination or More Moths to the Flame?». A: Forster, Peter. <i>Phylogenetic Methods and the Prehistory of Languages</i>.  Cambridge, England: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, 2006, p. 91–109. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-1-902937-33-5" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-1-902937-33-5">ISBN 978-1-902937-33-5</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Phylogenetic+Methods+and+the+Prehistory+of+Languages&rft.atitle=Chapter+8%3A+How+Old+is+the+Indo-European+Language+Family%3F+Illumination+or+More+Moths+to+the+Flame%3F&rft.aulast=Atkinson&rft.aufirst=Quentin+D.&rft.date=2006&rft.pub=McDonald+Institute+for+Archaeological+Research&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+England&rft.pages=91%E2%80%93109&rft.isbn=978-1-902937-33-5"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFBabiniotis1992"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Babiniotis</span>, George. «The Question of Mediae in Ancient Macedonian Greek Reconsidered». A: Brogyanyi, Bela. <i>Historical Philology: Greek, Latin and Romance</i>.  Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1992, p. 29–40. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/9789027277473" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/9789027277473">ISBN 9789027277473</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Philology%3A+Greek%2C+Latin+and+Romance&rft.atitle=The+Question+of+Mediae+in+Ancient+Macedonian+Greek+Reconsidered&rft.aulast=Babiniotis&rft.aufirst=George&rft.date=1992&rft.pub=John+Benjamins+Publishing+Company&rft.place=Amsterdam+and+Philadelphia&rft.pages=29%E2%80%9340&rft.isbn=9789027277473"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFBeekes2009"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Beekes</span>, Robert Stephen Paul. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wffLMgEACAAJ"><i>Etymological Dictionary of Greek</i></a>.  Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2009. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-90-04-17418-4" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-90-04-17418-4">ISBN 978-90-04-17418-4</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Etymological+Dictionary+of+Greek&rft.aulast=Beekes&rft.aufirst=Robert+Stephen+Paul&rft.date=2009&rft.pub=Brill&rft.place=Leiden+and+Boston&rft.isbn=978-90-04-17418-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwffLMgEACAAJ"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFBrowning1983"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Browning</span>, Robert. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=b55B1J7I99AC"><i>Medieval and Modern Greek</i></a>.  Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1983. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-0-521-23488-7" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-0-521-23488-7">ISBN 978-0-521-23488-7</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+and+Modern+Greek&rft.aulast=Browning&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=1983&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+UK&rft.isbn=978-0-521-23488-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Db55B1J7I99AC"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFDawkinsHalliday1916"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Dawkins</span>, Richard McGillivray; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Halliday</span>, William Reginald. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/moderngreekinas00hallgoog"><i>Modern Greek in Asia Minor: A Study of Dialect of Silly, Cappadocia and Pharasa with Grammar, Texts, Translations and Glossary</i></a>.  Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1916.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+Greek+in+Asia+Minor%3A+A+Study+of+Dialect+of+Silly%2C+Cappadocia+and+Pharasa+with+Grammar%2C+Texts%2C+Translations+and+Glossary&rft.aulast=Dawkins&rft.aufirst=Richard+McGillivray&rft.date=1916&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmoderngreekinas00hallgoog"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFDosuna2012"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Dosuna</span>, Julián Víctor Méndez. «Ancient Macedonian as a Greek Dialect: A Critical Survey on Recent Work». A: Giannakis, Georgios K.. <i>Ancient Macedonia: Language, History and Culture</i> (en grec).  Thessaloniki: Centre for the Greek Language, 2012, p. 65–78.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Macedonia%3A+Language%2C+History+and+Culture&rft.atitle=Ancient+Macedonian+as+a+Greek+Dialect%3A+A+Critical+Survey+on+Recent+Work&rft.aulast=Dosuna&rft.aufirst=Juli%C3%A1n+V%C3%ADctor+M%C3%A9ndez&rft.date=2012&rft.pub=Centre+for+the+Greek+Language&rft.place=Thessaloniki&rft.pages=65%E2%80%9378"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Gamkrelidze</span>, Tamaz V.; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Ivanov</span>, Vyacheslav «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rbedrosian.com/Classic/sciam1.htm">The Early History of Indo-European Languages</a>». <i>Scientific American</i>, vol. 262, 3, 3-1990, pàg. 110–116. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1990SciAm.262c.110G">1990SciAm.262c.110G</a>. <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fscientificamerican0390-110">10.1038/scientificamerican0390-110</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN" title="ISSN">ISSN</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0036-8733">0036-8733</a>.</span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFGeorgiev1981"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Georgiev</span>, Vladimir Ivanov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xmZiAAAAMAAJ"><i>Introduction to the History of the Indo-European Languages</i></a>.  Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1981. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/9789535172611" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/9789535172611">ISBN 9789535172611</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+the+History+of+the+Indo-European+Languages&rft.aulast=Georgiev&rft.aufirst=Vladimir+Ivanov&rft.date=1981&rft.pub=Bulgarian+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.place=Sofia&rft.isbn=9789535172611&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxmZiAAAAMAAJ"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFGrayAtkinson2003"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Gray</span>, Russel D.; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Atkinson</span>, Quentin D. «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d6aef57c-ce30-40fb-8786-f64c4a70afd1">Language-tree Divergence Times Support the Anatolian Theory of Indo-European Origin</a>». <i>Nature</i>, vol. 426, 6965, 2003, pàg. 435–439. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003Natur.426..435G">2003Natur.426..435G</a>. <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature02029">10.1038/nature02029</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a>: <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14647380?dopt=Abstract" class="extiw" title="pmid:14647380">14647380</a>.</span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFHolm2008"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Holm</span>, Hans J. «The Distribution of Data in Word Lists and its Impact on the Subgrouping of Languages». A: Preisach, Christine. <i>Data Analysis, Machine Learning, and Applications. Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the Gesellschaft für Klassifikation e.V., Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, March 7–9, 2007</i>.  Berlin-Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 2008, p. 628–636. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-3-540-78246-9" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-3-540-78246-9">ISBN 978-3-540-78246-9</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Data+Analysis%2C+Machine+Learning%2C+and+Applications.+Proceedings+of+the+31st+Annual+Conference+of+the+Gesellschaft+f%C3%BCr+Klassifikation+e.V.%2C+Albert-Ludwigs-Universit%C3%A4t+Freiburg%2C+March+7%E2%80%939%2C+2007&rft.atitle=The+Distribution+of+Data+in+Word+Lists+and+its+Impact+on+the+Subgrouping+of+Languages&rft.aulast=Holm&rft.aufirst=Hans+J.&rft.date=2008&rft.pub=Springer-Verlag&rft.place=Berlin-Heidelberg&rft.pages=628%E2%80%93636&rft.isbn=978-3-540-78246-9"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFHooker1976"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Hooker</span>, J.T.. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=s0YbAAAAYAAJ"><i>Mycenaean Greece</i></a>.  London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1976. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/9780710083791" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/9780710083791">ISBN 9780710083791</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mycenaean+Greece&rft.aulast=Hooker&rft.aufirst=J.T.&rft.date=1976&rft.pub=Routledge+%26+Kegan+Paul&rft.place=London&rft.isbn=9780710083791&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Ds0YbAAAAYAAJ"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFJeffries2002"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Jeffries</span>, Ian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kqCnCOgGc5AC"><i>Eastern Europe at the Turn of the Twenty-First Century: A Guide to the Economies in Transition</i></a>.  London and New York: Routledge (Taylor & Francis), 2002. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-0-415-23671-3" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-0-415-23671-3">ISBN 978-0-415-23671-3</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eastern+Europe+at+the+Turn+of+the+Twenty-First+Century%3A+A+Guide+to+the+Economies+in+Transition&rft.aulast=Jeffries&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft.date=2002&rft.pub=Routledge+%28Taylor+%26+Francis%29&rft.place=London+and+New+York&rft.isbn=978-0-415-23671-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkqCnCOgGc5AC"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Ligorio</span>, Orsat; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Lubotsky</span>, Alexander. «Phrygian». A: <i>Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics</i>. 3.  <a href="/wiki/De_Gruyter#Imprints_and_partnerships" title="De Gruyter">De Gruyter Mouton</a>, 2018, p. 1816–1831. <span style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">DOI</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110542431-022">10.1515/9783110542431-022</a></span>. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-3-11-054243-1" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-3-11-054243-1">ISBN 978-3-11-054243-1</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Comparative+and+Historical+Indo-European+Linguistics&rft.atitle=Phrygian&rft.aulast=Ligorio&rft.aufirst=Orsat&rft.date=2018&rft.pub=%5B%5BDe+Gruyter%23Imprints+and+partnerships%7CDe+Gruyter+Mouton%5D%5D&rft.pages=1816%E2%80%931831&rft.isbn=978-3-11-054243-1&rft_id=info:doi/10.1515%2F9783110542431-022"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Obrador-Cursach</span>, Bartomeu «On the place of Phrygian among the Indo-European languages». <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Journal_of_Language_Relationship&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Journal of Language Relationship (encara no existeix)">Journal of Language Relationship</a></i>, vol. 17, 3–4, 09-04-2020, pàg. 233–245. <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.31826%2Fjlr-2019-173-407">10.31826/jlr-2019-173-407</a>.</span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/indoeuropean-language-family/4B44B5ACF0D3BBA89B9408050F112A52"><i>The Indo-European Language Family: A Phylogenetic Perspective</i></a>.  <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>, 2022. <span style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">DOI</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108758666">10.1017/9781108758666</a></span>. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-1-108-49979-8" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-1-108-49979-8">ISBN 978-1-108-49979-8</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Indo-European+Language+Family%3A+A+Phylogenetic+Perspective&rft.date=2022&rft.pub=%5B%5BCambridge+University+Press%5D%5D&rft.isbn=978-1-108-49979-8&rft_id=info:doi/10.1017%2F9781108758666&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fbooks%2Findoeuropean-language-family%2F4B44B5ACF0D3BBA89B9408050F112A52"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFRalli2001"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Ralli</span>, Angeliki. <i>Μορφολογία [Morphology]</i> (en grec).  Athens: Ekdoseis Pataki, 2001.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%CE%9C%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%86%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1+%5BMorphology%5D&rft.aulast=Ralli&rft.aufirst=Angeliki&rft.date=2001&rft.pub=Ekdoseis+Pataki&rft.place=Athens"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFRenfrew1973"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Renfrew</span>, Colin. «Problems in the General Correlation of Archaeological and Linguistic Strata in Prehistoric Greece: The Model of Autochthonous Origin». A: <i>Bronze Age Migrations in the Aegean; Archaeological and Linguistic Problems in Greek Prehistory: Proceedings of the first International Colloquium on Aegean Prehistory, Sheffield</i>.  London: Gerald Duckworth and Company Limited, 1973, p. 263–276. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-0-7156-0580-6" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-0-7156-0580-6">ISBN 978-0-7156-0580-6</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bronze+Age+Migrations+in+the+Aegean%3B+Archaeological+and+Linguistic+Problems+in+Greek+Prehistory%3A+Proceedings+of+the+first+International+Colloquium+on+Aegean+Prehistory%2C+Sheffield&rft.atitle=Problems+in+the+General+Correlation+of+Archaeological+and+Linguistic+Strata+in+Prehistoric+Greece%3A+The+Model+of+Autochthonous+Origin&rft.aulast=Renfrew&rft.aufirst=Colin&rft.date=1973&rft.pub=Gerald+Duckworth+and+Company+Limited&rft.place=London&rft.pages=263%E2%80%93276&rft.isbn=978-0-7156-0580-6"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFRenfrew2003"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Renfrew</span>, Colin. «Time Depth, Convergence Theory, and Innovation in Proto-Indo-European: 'Old Europe' as a PIE Linguistic Area». A: <i>Languages in Prehistoric Europe</i>.  Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter GmBH, 2003, p. 17–48. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-3-8253-1449-1" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-3-8253-1449-1">ISBN 978-3-8253-1449-1</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Languages+in+Prehistoric+Europe&rft.atitle=Time+Depth%2C+Convergence+Theory%2C+and+Innovation+in+Proto-Indo-European%3A+%27Old+Europe%27+as+a+PIE+Linguistic+Area&rft.aulast=Renfrew&rft.aufirst=Colin&rft.date=2003&rft.pub=Universit%C3%A4tsverlag+Winter+GmBH&rft.place=Heidelberg&rft.pages=17%E2%80%9348&rft.isbn=978-3-8253-1449-1"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFRenfrew1990"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Renfrew</span>, Colin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=R645AAAAIAAJ"><i>Archaeology and Language: The Puzzle of Indo-European Origins</i></a>.  Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-0-521-38675-3" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-0-521-38675-3">ISBN 978-0-521-38675-3</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Archaeology+and+Language%3A+The+Puzzle+of+Indo-European+Origins&rft.aulast=Renfrew&rft.aufirst=Colin&rft.date=1990&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.isbn=978-0-521-38675-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DR645AAAAIAAJ"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFScheler1977"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Scheler</span>, Manfred. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GchZAAAAMAAJ"><i>Der englische Wortschatz [English Vocabulary</i></a>] (en alemany).  Berlin: E. Schmidt, 1977. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-3-503-01250-3" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-3-503-01250-3">ISBN 978-3-503-01250-3</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Der+englische+Wortschatz+%5BEnglish+Vocabulary%5D&rft.aulast=Scheler&rft.aufirst=Manfred&rft.date=1977&rft.pub=E.+Schmidt&rft.place=Berlin&rft.isbn=978-3-503-01250-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGchZAAAAMAAJ"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFTsitselikis2013"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Tsitselikis</span>, Konstantinos. «A Surviving Treaty: The Lausanne Minority Protection in Greece and Turkey». A: Henrard, Kristin. <i>The Interrelation between the Right to Identity of Minorities and their Socio-economic Participation</i>.  Leiden and Boston: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2013, p. 287–315. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/9789004244740" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/9789004244740">ISBN 9789004244740</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Interrelation+between+the+Right+to+Identity+of+Minorities+and+their+Socio-economic+Participation&rft.atitle=A+Surviving+Treaty%3A+The+Lausanne+Minority+Protection+in+Greece+and+Turkey&rft.aulast=Tsitselikis&rft.aufirst=Konstantinos&rft.date=2013&rft.pub=Martinus+Nijhoff+Publishers&rft.place=Leiden+and+Boston&rft.pages=287%E2%80%93315&rft.isbn=9789004244740"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Woodhouse</span>, Robert «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ejournals.eu/Studia-Linguistica/2009/2009/art/5400/">An overview of research on Phrygian from the nineteenth century to the present day</a>». <i>Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis</i>, vol. 126, 1, 2009, pàg. 167–188. <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2478%2Fv10148-010-0013-x">10.2478/v10148-010-0013-x</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN" title="ISSN">ISSN</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/2083-4624">2083-4624</a>.</span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Enllaços_externs"><span id="Enlla.C3.A7os_externs"></span>Enllaços externs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grec&action=edit&section=18" title="Modifica la secció: Enllaços externs"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33663753">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-center{clear:both;margin:auto}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right plainlinks"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">A <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A0gina_principal?uselang=ca">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Greek_language" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Greek language">Grec</a></b></i></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r33663753"><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right plainlinks"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/40px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/60px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/80px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Hi ha una <i><b><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="el:">edició en grec</a></b></i> de la <a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia" title="Viquipèdia">Viquipèdia</a></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dict.com/grec-catala">Diccionari grec-català i català-grec en línia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.neogrec.org/">Societat Catalana de Neohel·lenistes</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lorem-ipsum.info/_greek">Generador de textos tipogràfics grecs generats a l'atzar</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.freelang.net/espanol/diccionario/griego.html">Diccionari Freelang</a> - Diccionari Grec-Castellà/Castellà-Grec.</li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Control_d%27autoritats" title="Control d'autoritats">Registres d'autoritat</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a 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