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<div class="pure-menu pure-menu-open pure-menu-horizontal centre" role="navigation" style="background: #000 url(../../_media/elements/discharge/blank.png) repeat-y center; background-size:contain;"> <span><a class="pure-menu-heading" href="https://winter.group.shef.ac.uk/webelements/"><img height="30" src="../../_media/icons/logo_60.png" alt="WebElements logo" /></a> <span style="color:white;">Covalent radii (molecular triple bond)</span></span> </div> </div> </div> <div id="main">  <div class="pure-g"> <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-sm-1-1"> <div class="google_navbar_positioning"> <form action="https://www.google.com" id="cse-search-box"> <div> <input type="hidden" name="cx" value="partner-pub-9334432533380510:6223510783" /> <input type="hidden" name="ie" value="UTF-8" /> <input type="text" name="q" size="28" /> <input type="submit" name="sa" value="Search" /> </div> </form> <script> </script> </div> </div> </div> <main> <div class="pure-g"> <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-sm-1-1"> <h1 class="z">Covalent radii (molecular triple bond)</h1> </div> </div> <div class="pure-menu pure-menu-horizontal">   <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-item pure-menu-selected z_menu"><a href="./" class="pure-menu-link">Covalent radii (molecular triple bond)</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item pure-menu-has-children pure-menu-allow-hover z_menu"><a href="./" class="pure-menu-link">Gallery of images</a> <ul class="pure-menu-children"> <li class="pure-menu-item, z_menu_item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="index.html">Periodic table gallery</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item, z_menu_item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="heatscape.html">Heatscapes</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item, z_menu_item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="bar_chart.html">Bar chart </a></li> </ul> </li> </ul>     </div> <p>This gives triple-bond covalent radii using specific group valencies and oxidation numbers.</p> <figure><img class="pure-img" src= "../../_media/periodicity/tables/periodicity_cityscape_white/rad_cov_triple_city_w.png" alt="Image showing periodicity of the chemical elements for covalent radii (molecular triple bond) in a periodic table cityscape style." /><figcaption>Image showing periodicity of the chemical elements for covalent radii (molecular triple bond) in a periodic table cityscape style.</figcaption></figure> <figure><img class="pure-img" src= "../../_media/periodicity/tables/periodicity_heatscape_white/rad_cov_triple_heat_w.png" alt="Image showing periodicity of the chemical elements for covalent radii (molecular triple bond) in a periodic table heatscape style." /><figcaption>Image showing periodicity of the chemical elements for covalent radii (molecular triple bond) in a periodic table heatscape style.</figcaption></figure> <figure><img class="pure-img" src= "../../_media/periodicity/tables/periodicity_spiral_heatscape_black/rad_cov_triple_sp_h_b.png" alt="Image showing periodicity of the chemical elements for covalent radii (molecular triple bond) in a spiral periodic table heatscape style." /><figcaption>Image showing periodicity of the chemical elements for covalent radii (molecular triple bond) in a spiral periodic table heatscape style.</figcaption></figure> <figure><img class="pure-img" src= "../../_media/periodicity/tables/periodicity_spiral_columns_white/rad_cov_triple_sp_c_w.png" alt="Image showing periodicity of the chemical elements for covalent radii (molecular triple bond) in a 3D spiral periodic table column style." /><figcaption>Image showing periodicity of the chemical elements for covalent radii (molecular triple bond) in a 3D spiral periodic table column style.</figcaption></figure> <figure><img class="pure-img" src= "../../_media/periodicity/tables/periodicity_columns_white/rad_cov_triple_col_w.png" alt="Image showing periodicity of the chemical elements for covalent radii (molecular triple bond) in a 3D periodic table column style." /><figcaption>Image showing periodicity of the chemical elements for covalent radii (molecular triple bond) in a 3D periodic table column style.</figcaption></figure> <figure></figure> <figure></figure> <div class="adsense_responsive"><script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>  <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:block" data-ad-client="ca-pub-9334432533380510" data-ad-slot="4479092381" data-ad-format="auto"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script></div> <h2 class="z">Units</h2> <p>pm</p> <h2 class="heading2">Notes</h2> This is a self-consistent system of additive covalent radii, R(AB)=r(A) + r(B), is set up for most elements of the periodic table, Z = 4<sup>+</sup>112. The primary bond lengths, R, are taken from experimental or theoretical data corresponding to chosen group valencies. All elements and all admitted data points are treated as equal. Radii were then obtained self-consistently through a least-squares fit. Specific molecular coordination numbers and oxidation states are chosen for each element involved. <p>Select from the following links to see visual periodicity representations for atomic radii, covalent radii, and van der Waals radii. <a href="../ionic_radius/">Ionic radii</a> are also available.</p> <ul> <li><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../atomic_radius/">Atomic radii</a></li> <li><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../atom_radius_emp/">Atomic radii (empirical)</a></li> <li><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../atom_radius_absolute/">Atomic radii (absolute)</a></li> <li><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../atom_rad_dens_cut/">Atomic radii (density cutoff)</a></li> <li><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../covalent_radius/">Covalent radii</a></li> <li><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../covalent_rad_2008/">Covalent radii revisited (2008 values)</a></li> <li><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../rad_cov_single/">Covalent radii (molecular single bond)</a></li> <li><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../rad_cov_double/">Covalent radii (molecular double bond)</a></li> <li><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../rad_cov_triple/">Covalent radii (molecular triple bond)</a></li> <li><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../van_der_waals_rad/">Van der Waals radius</a></li> </ul> <h2 class="z">Literature sources</h2> <ol> <li>P. Pyykkö S. Riedel, and M. Patzschke, <em>Triple-Bond Covalent Radii</em>, <em>Chem. Eur. J.</em>, 2005, <strong>11</strong>, 3511-3520.</li> </ol> </main> <div class="table-responsive"> <table class="pure-table periodic-table"> <caption class="periodic_table_caption">Explore the element of your choice through this periodic table.</caption> <thead> <tr> <th class="w5">1</th> <th class="w5">2</th> <th class="w2"> </th> <th class="w5">3</th> <th class="w5">4</th> <th class="w5">5</th> <th class="w5">6</th> <th class="w5">7</th> <th class="w5">8</th> <th class="w5">9</th> <th class="w5">10</th> <th class="w5">11</th> <th class="w5">12</th> <th class="w5">13</th> <th class="w5">14</th> <th class="w5">15</th> <th class="w5">16</th> <th class="w5">17</th> <th class="w5">18</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td class="s"> <div class="at_num">1</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../hydrogen/" title="Hydrogen">H</a></div> </td> <td class="v"></td> <td colspan="16" class="v"></td> <td class="p"> <div class="at_num">2</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" 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href="../../gallium/" title="Gallium">Ga</a></div> </td> <td class="p"> <div class="at_num">32</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../germanium/" title="Germanium">Ge</a></div> </td> <td class="p"> <div class="at_num">33</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../arsenic/" title="Arsenic">As</a></div> </td> <td class="p"> <div class="at_num">34</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../selenium/" title="Selenium">Se</a></div> </td> <td class="p"> <div class="at_num">35</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../bromine/" title="Bromine">Br</a></div> </td> <td class="p"> <div class="at_num">36</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../krypton/" title="Krypton">Kr</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="s"> <div class="at_num">37</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../rubidium/" title="Rubidium">Rb</a></div> </td> <td class="s"> <div class="at_num">38</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../strontium/" title="Strontium">Sr</a></div> </td> <td class="void"></td> <td class="d"> <div class="at_num">39</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../yttrium/" title="Yttrium">Y</a></div> </td> <td class="d"> <div class="at_num">40</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../zirconium/" title="Zirconium">Zr</a></div> </td> <td class="d"> <div class="at_num">41</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../niobium/" title="Niobium">Nb</a></div> </td> <td class="d"> <div class="at_num">42</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../molybdenum/" title="Molybdenum">Mo</a></div> </td> <td class="d"> <div class="at_num">43</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../technetium/" title="Technetium">Tc</a></div> </td> <td class="d"> <div class="at_num">44</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../ruthenium/" title="Ruthenium">Ru</a></div> </td> <td class="d"> <div class="at_num">45</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../rhodium/" title="Rhodium">Rh</a></div> </td> <td class="d"> <div class="at_num">46</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../palladium/" title="Palladium">Pd</a></div> </td> <td class="d"> <div class="at_num">47</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../silver/" title="Silver">Ag</a></div> </td> <td class="d"> <div class="at_num">48</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../cadmium/" title="Cadmium">Cd</a></div> </td> <td class="p"> <div class="at_num">49</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../indium/" title="Indium">In</a></div> </td> <td class="p"> <div class="at_num">50</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../tin/" title="Tin">Sn</a></div> </td> <td class="p"> <div class="at_num">51</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../antimony/" title="Antimony">Sb</a></div> </td> <td class="p"> <div class="at_num">52</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../tellurium/" title="Tellurium">Te</a></div> </td> <td class="p"> <div class="at_num">53</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../iodine/" title="Iodine">I</a></div> </td> <td class="p"> <div class="at_num">54</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../xenon/" title="Xenon">Xe</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="s"> <div class="at_num">55</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../caesium/" title="Caesium">Cs</a></div> </td> <td class="s"> <div class="at_num">56</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../barium/" title="Barium">Ba</a></div> </td> <th class="asterisk">*</th> <td class="d"> <div class="at_num xd">71</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../lutetium/" title="Lutetium">Lu</a></div> </td> <td class="d"> <div class="at_num">72</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../hafnium/" title="Hafnium">Hf</a></div> </td> <td class="d"> <div class="at_num">73</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../tantalum/" title="Tantalum">Ta</a></div> </td> <td class="d"> <div class="at_num">74</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../tungsten/" title="Tungsten">W</a></div> </td> <td class="d"> <div class="at_num">75</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../rhenium/" title="Rhenium">Re</a></div> </td> <td class="d"> <div class="at_num">76</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../osmium/" title="Osmium">Os</a></div> </td> <td class="d"> <div class="at_num">77</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../iridium/" title="Iridium">Ir</a></div> </td> <td class="d"> <div class="at_num">78</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../platinum/" title="Platinum">Pt</a></div> </td> <td class="d"> <div class="at_num">79</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../gold/" title="Gold">Au</a></div> </td> <td class="d"> <div class="at_num">80</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../mercury/" title="Mercury">Hg</a></div> </td> <td class="p"> <div class="at_num">81</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../thallium/" title="Thallium">Tl</a></div> </td> <td class="p"> <div class="at_num">82</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../lead/" title="Lead">Pb</a></div> </td> <td class="p"> <div class="at_num">83</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../bismuth/" title="Bismuth">Bi</a></div> </td> <td class="p"> <div class="at_num">84</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../polonium/" title="Polonium">Po</a></div> </td> <td class="p"> <div class="at_num">85</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../astatine/" title="Astatine">At</a></div> </td> <td class="p"> <div class="at_num">86</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../radon/" title="Radon">Rn</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="s"> <div class="at_num">87</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../francium/" title="Francium">Fr</a></div> </td> <td class="s"> <div class="at_num">88</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../radium/" title="Radium">Ra</a></div> </td> <th class="v">**</th> <td class="d"> <div class="at_num">103</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../lawrencium/" title="Lawrencium">Lr</a></div> </td> <td class="d"> <div class="at_num">104</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../rutherfordium/" title="Rutherfordium">Rf</a></div> </td> <td class="d"> <div class="at_num">105</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../dubnium/" title="Dubnium">Db</a></div> </td> <td class="d"> <div class="at_num">106</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../seaborgium/" title="Seaborgium">Sg</a></div> </td> <td class="d"> <div class="at_num">107</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../bohrium/" title="Bohrium">Bh</a></div> </td> <td class="d"> <div class="at_num">108</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../hassium/" title="Hassium">Hs</a></div> </td> <td class="d"> <div class="at_num">109</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../meitnerium/" title="Meitnerium">Mt</a></div> </td> <td class="d"> <div class="at_num">110</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../darmstadtium/" title="Darmstadtium">Ds</a></div> </td> <td class="d"> <div class="at_num">111</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../roentgenium/" title="Roentgenium">Rg</a></div> </td> <td class="d"> <div class="at_num">112</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../copernicium/" title="Copernicium">Cn</a></div> </td> <td class="p"> <div class="at_num">113</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../nihonium/" title="Nihonium">Nh</a></div> </td> <td class="p"> <div class="at_num">114</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../flerovium/" title="Flerovium">Fl</a></div> </td> <td class="p"> <div class="at_num">115</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../moscovium/" title="Moscovium">Mc</a></div> </td> <td class="p"> <div class="at_num">116</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../livermorium/" title="Livermorium">Lv</a></div> </td> <td class="p"> <div class="at_num">117</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../tennessine/" title="Tennessine">Ts</a></div> </td> <td class="p"> <div class="at_num">118</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../oganesson/" title="Oganesson">Og</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="19" class="v"> </td> </tr> <tr> <th class="lbl" colspan="2">*Lanthanoids</th> <th class="v">*</th> <td class="f"> <div class="at_num">57</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../lanthanum/" title="Lanthanum">La</a></div> </td> <td class="f"> <div class="at_num">58</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../cerium/" title="Cerium">Ce</a></div> </td> <td class="f"> <div class="at_num">59</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../praseodymium/" title="Praseodymium">Pr</a></div> </td> <td class="f"> <div class="at_num">60</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../neodymium/" title="Neodymium">Nd</a></div> </td> <td class="f"> <div class="at_num">61</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../promethium/" title="Promethium">Pm</a></div> </td> <td class="f"> <div class="at_num">62</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../samarium/" title="Samarium">Sm</a></div> </td> <td class="f"> <div class="at_num">63</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../europium/" title="Europium">Eu</a></div> </td> <td class="f"> <div class="at_num">64</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../gadolinium/" title="Gadolinium">Gd</a></div> </td> <td class="f"> <div class="at_num">65</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../terbium/" title="Terbium">Tb</a></div> </td> <td class="f"> <div class="at_num">66</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../dysprosium/" title="Dysprosium">Dy</a></div> </td> <td class="f"> <div class="at_num">67</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../holmium/" title="Holmium">Ho</a></div> </td> <td class="f"> <div class="at_num">68</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../erbium/" title="Erbium">Er</a></div> </td> <td class="f"> <div class="at_num">69</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../thulium/" title="Thulium">Tm</a></div> </td> <td class="f"> <div class="at_num">70</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../ytterbium/" title="Ytterbium">Yb</a></div> </td> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="lbl" colspan="2">**Actinoids</th> <th class="v">**</th> <td class="f"> <div class="at_num">89</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../actinium/" title="Actinium">Ac</a></div> </td> <td class="f"> <div class="at_num">90</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../thorium/" title="Thorium">Th</a></div> </td> <td class="f"> <div class="at_num">91</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../protactinium/" title="Protactinium">Pa</a></div> </td> <td class="f"> <div class="at_num">92</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../uranium/" title="Uranium">U</a></div> </td> <td class="f"> <div class="at_num">93</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../neptunium/" title="Neptunium">Np</a></div> </td> <td class="f"> <div class="at_num">94</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../plutonium/" title="Plutonium">Pu</a></div> </td> <td class="f"> <div class="at_num">95</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../americium/" title="Americium">Am</a></div> </td> <td class="f"> <div class="at_num">96</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../curium/" title="Curium">Cm</a></div> </td> <td class="f"> <div class="at_num">97</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../berkelium/" title="Berkelium">Bk</a></div> </td> <td class="f"> <div class="at_num">98</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../californium/" title="Californium">Cf</a></div> </td> <td class="f"> <div class="at_num">99</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../einsteinium/" title="Einsteinium">Es</a></div> </td> <td class="f"> <div class="at_num">100</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../fermium/" title="Fermium">Fm</a></div> </td> <td class="f"> <div class="at_num">101</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../mendelevium/" title="Mendelevium">Md</a></div> </td> <td class="f"> <div class="at_num">102</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../nobelium/" title="Nobelium">No</a></div> </td> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div id="footer"> <footer> <div class="footer"> <div class="pure-g"> <div class="pure-u-1-2 pure-u-sm-1-2 pure-u-lg-1-4 pure-menu custom-restricted-width"> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-heading footer_h">Key properties</li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/eneg_pauling/">Electronegativity </a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/melting_point/">Melting point</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" 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