CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '91c69f78be3d35a4',cH: 'h2vLhaIXntvrHdm_8CL.qw2QkJ9VwrNq5lftztTt8fQ-1741314123-1.2.1.1-dobob2FWhznnSrLXgDti4u3lbDa2zNyRy5Qr9hYWkAmrzTulrWrwg7BiLKhYJpzn',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=settling%20volume%20index&__cf_chl_tk=lG9_4MuIB0ThXiYG_tpOrWl74xUlM_ymOUkB0uvG4QQ-1741314123-1.0.1.1-6E3YSWbA571pmLdSaJTAOBqU_YOAgtQ9kb5cGrfJV.U",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1741314123',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=settling%20volume%20index&__cf_chl_f_tk=lG9_4MuIB0ThXiYG_tpOrWl74xUlM_ymOUkB0uvG4QQ-1741314123-1.0.1.1-6E3YSWbA571pmLdSaJTAOBqU_YOAgtQ9kb5cGrfJV.U",md: "4l_Rr0TIAV_G805e9yWb3B.P3m4AQiuE8xQ51V94G.0-1741314123-1.2.1.1-R_9MyD1z30FyHAPpQ71A3J_X0dCCl7nNVAHCv1FtwMxaEA0m24cPxRRDSDyUZBT2hIzfWIR9FaiN1.ABxAh6L2MC6i4JlPnatE0B_G9TB1GoJUj4E3NsvvaZDjY6qUGJsXZkxJhypttL0mJPP..xSbWGwV32GCUTBzzKVVSwYm4_caervvAVXk7Yf71Gz0S3oU7G7M_amqToKsGNs8kPwNYzDZ5.orHgLR3EwqsjNdJEC5Wmday095tGt3ZtVatMZhbxbH78gdTJNkwzNQc1pDMu7T8QuEQnRjUULVTpyPeGvOtvReOBKpbN11kATR9bxIYeP_L47Dxo1eD1nbw.YhNzDfdWFgIM7PZh4rT3DlstrFjNdg5eAn77eE.Qy8iAilZ2hKOxmPrwNCOrHWJJvPOfc2HcCLsequFivCfO2MQb0reQh.JiwEVr_lOo7TQonf0aAkvNeBJWkK3nigTmSyyXKMhpNreP3tEJMLh2rFm9xkd7clAmFEoS2iVPBaj0kvDH61ySkbWWsNNnSfGkXUMLHII50PbReenaVT5dAK_MeJRrNemTT7aiiwhQVaJsyvFWgXEDv1vaf9XxCfGjx1Gos4TSSBjHLmkP7V2_s.LLOVZmuo1K3f_y0l4QZY02rK_Y_F6WF94Rei3LoJq8KgHmzIeoAZmGBzqW8zVbUfjAFHVVwPQ5anidV3bdL8moGOLqxkPNF69tX1SS15qR031xIYyQusoyZOtkV8wSQRwwkYtoB4ZoyhgxMmZzP1wogUhve7XGXZNTyDIg71.XUcg7HEeV_FnsV9mHcBLfuS.3qwnZMA5S0lrfEdtqXhiFjn.SU.5spkpMAQLe5QtO27EEl5T68FoA8_yvHFRrgn4hL57bglYXD7iuDsPBWC5STStsB7bbYRvdeu.AGlmhIYH24Nj.Lo4m59IhnECk9mP.O5M0aDtc.rQQU0mNTpiu_pFgHIccUSDODixQW8t8kKrlcLc2O2tnK5_Rn.sye5Qh1cm0vQqFrnlfKA6_6ue96RVAB8ORrRGSKj0NvhXm3iu8rE9z1kwN0W8WTVtR6jE9bQ4Q8DjG5ONGv5gwjwT.vA2Xeb4jHdJdnexzuXVxPucdmylgg6UzFeYl2lXM6j6qHOrzf5VqxsbdhRMM9UR79hUj_GAb7ENnIqCTh6Is5YV6_Al1qRhIWRmgqkwvf4Qos6eJRJBNUpDjo8v8WxSTktVdParnxOq9fAxax6R5A5jukv34G5Kem0gHylj5mIPo2BMIfO_ELmlrvlaR4D1N_oKnrW_cUOC9WR2VcYgfZ6QcmkCLTNGEGOszTiS4ngw",mdrd: "posoz5MUdCny1_JkTLdQVPfNIyEksF6vqu8GWs3GD28-1741314123-1.2.1.1-.u5osAbTacrPNxM0ZW7Qn_LQ7uUMu6BuQbCJv_BSMd3TlQRhkwc_kT7I5M9VweATqq.RkMkIy8G5mMGL1ESxblV1oLyCxFLuwcGENVY4Nqa4HGpWkavJ3puTLOaiRx6gC1VBhST3OrLBcaLglq00FFAg9x1gM0pWX3_7_i6nnBvjJqgWGRmfHdsszQqQ1kiSjZHblBEKkQKZazhnN.uhJROW9ZnYpz6eks6Ww8uBhddADGKnH1fd5xodqvE9rf4W5vrtpfUMqi5.7tpODW8Z8Ew7MZy1UocBLC3JXsRbSli_1CtUkn8DROT4LuAAJRj7h6xpW4Tfd_wO0T2wouxd0tgjafJ8RQ6BD63HDreRSCaJyuhndPGR_k5p4tbbQC.sWSmlEjyUFMZqFFlo4b33ylZ7U8Ou49x5Wl5DEm3L4rCSb1G6RCUZQ.tEkdIXwTk1YJ.FCttW8JrPkTtCihPaLPsgQ9sKEUGWoFFzo4CUNCGoNRReh79NQyysB8LPozLEz1jv3JgrFGvmXbsit4LoV8H_Goeent1QS6I1pPNmUCC_ERWJbSSGP9qdtRnfMk8WZxYk8QAhYquTBPVOSz3_sTOpldLAQc_OQyx6HBE3IXySkWzCVXNWRyHsfYVICj1RNALYdGpJS5rObq0N9JYUgUeEK9ol8eFZfoqwslLyoC6sGGMNLbvfD9UlvMh9lfBsYEGIjjZtg4syB8q6VlLTHLREpwxfYl4vPezOo6vBpySkBvJGR.zQ2pdRsNbmbJfNfvh3Z1OhnaYU6dH_rAWioHQLJE.hmybHdWCzpqjXGorEYqkUdRMZUrvjdrOj0JnL52dELeyxkrA2AGNmpOo5K9DnXtONHKXPxht2Z0fI5vJfs4hU2xEVqqiVzix47vozniqzEYytwFRsJ5tkMj3GlQDkwdCDC9YtC_qN2xcX8L.frYtqKXQKS.es73kfg17yyVxq7TJthtlF2eJbExdHEkXRT13OKEElXiRXQVsFMtGxafx6nzVOIjuxMywpg.YXi77P9MnYdIlHl4DALRDYZgoooj4Uy7XOXCyjXCy2EwgOqHdBQmhiOlxi_HEiX.TETlHMES_3ZVqBbTt8ISHWEok442sOuqI93eqB7sseKY9rconQMopjXeYRRf.Tq2mDZVC.droerutDN0puM6ZSP_kq5hkkEQbS1QV.mlNQxkUHVcLNhL8mT7esfxclv5_YbWSTjRsIja82Q_xKZtbzW3EENVYzDDTrn.GVWmtaEvPWp_x9aOgNLp6N0EEFROnFDqryhJy14IMajbDY.sFPDd6zYEWDe4HCxTQ.1tKsVF5YHTrvcB2roKE8R0bX2uNW.KLE2Vd31VbcMeN_Z_wwsTlxK_S.oIU3NCwWP9EnIZG1mP1.uUFFHh63tW4wML2V3Bc6BfmZ4F_PKP8FU5.bF1VdMmUC1ZSYbUuDQBcHKOODLiXGyDTmUyxO0QOiFD6EfIeyecGZitH9n571ZTJpTzzYAXmIg62NozLnqRrjsTv2gxs053tf4simw4mxIK21mWulvzuv.bL0sFXYwTMqgVyjDR8bWdqkrtpxUY.g6lm8irratJ.YLDIeLb8MRp5Oa3C8Rr6KzTbYwjf5rQer.IlDduTIjdQx.xCUfCtbZGmS5kiqfPGyqGVcbILfy4IOlzLwM5aK30BHt2Jpc0aC0pZzjpmsxB4tul782ssu.6dl8D_gmIq4e69oX2JDtzydrjNA4_.Np7F4COUakJyqVCvP1lGAsH5YRp2D.EnSDSxFRbec.wnWQgwKIis_PX.QD0j2.myHzaOlwinYzEX_1BaerxvFupQdTeedD4ULlm0y8jsOGS8GK5HVZa_QCiF2mSoi5mZL.Wp61xOwHVl2BEODpwY0J64uZ6HBu_bxJUZJDw6xLDhINCnAK.GgpCPPZZtaMf_JhkI7spSB80rv8FhsmvJ0pvA5Vu3I8a1gRpKLpmuwBAhuqdpkNGafvjbNp0OKkOIYDkY1MlPreJAygwCg44Ig3tK5DVSlNhaIqkg"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91c69f78be3d35a4';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=settling%20volume%20index&__cf_chl_rt_tk=lG9_4MuIB0ThXiYG_tpOrWl74xUlM_ymOUkB0uvG4QQ-1741314123-1.0.1.1-6E3YSWbA571pmLdSaJTAOBqU_YOAgtQ9kb5cGrfJV.U" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>