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</ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voting_and_results" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voting_and_results"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Voting and results</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Voting_and_results-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Voting and results subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Voting_and_results-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-First_round" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_round"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>First round</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_round-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_round" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_round"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Second round</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_round-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Aftermath</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Aftermath subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-New_parliament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_parliament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>New parliament</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_parliament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Croatian_Serb_response" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Croatian_Serb_response"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Croatian Serb response</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Croatian_Serb_response-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">1990 Croatian parliamentary election</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 12 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-12" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">12 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eleccions_legislatives_croates_de_1990" title="Eleccions legislatives croates de 1990 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Eleccions legislatives croates de 1990" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elecciones_parlamentarias_de_Croacia_de_1990" title="Elecciones parlamentarias de Croacia de 1990 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Elecciones parlamentarias de Croacia de 1990" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lections_l%C3%A9gislatives_croates_de_1990" title="Élections législatives croates de 1990 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Élections législatives croates de 1990" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BD%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%A9%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%AD%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B0%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A8%D5%B6%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80_(1990)" title="Խորվաթիայի խորհրդարանական ընտրություններ (1990) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Խորվաթիայի խորհրդարանական ընտրություններ (1990)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hrvatski_parlamentarni_izbori_1990." title="Hrvatski parlamentarni izbori 1990. – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Hrvatski parlamentarni izbori 1990." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elezioni_parlamentari_in_Croazia_del_1990" title="Elezioni parlamentari in Croazia del 1990 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Elezioni parlamentari in Croazia del 1990" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990-es_horv%C3%A1torsz%C3%A1gi_orsz%C3%A1ggy%C5%B1l%C3%A9si_v%C3%A1laszt%C3%A1s" title="1990-es horvátországi országgyűlési választás – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1990-es horvátországi országgyűlési választás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xorvatiyada_parlament_saylovlari_(1990)" title="Xorvatiyada parlament saylovlari (1990) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Xorvatiyada parlament saylovlari (1990)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B8_(1990)" title="Парламентские выборы в Хорватии (1990) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Парламентские выборы в Хорватии (1990)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8_%D1%83_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%98_1990." title="Парламентарни избори у Хрватској 1990. – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Парламентарни избори у Хрватској 1990." data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlamentarni_izbori_u_Hrvatskoj_1990." title="Parlamentarni izbori u Hrvatskoj 1990. – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Parlamentarni izbori u Hrvatskoj 1990." data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%96%D1%97_1990" title="Парламентські вибори в Хорватії 1990 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Парламентські вибори в Хорватії 1990" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1286953#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu 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th,.mw-parser-output .ib-legis-elect-50{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .ib-legis-elect-befaft-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .ib-legis-elect-befimg{padding-right:3px}.mw-parser-output .ib-legis-elect-aftimg{padding-left:3px}</style><table class="infobox ib-legis-elect vevent"><caption class="infobox-title">1990 Croatian parliamentary election</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Croatia" title="Socialist Republic of Croatia"><img alt="Socialist Republic of Croatia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Croatia_%281990%29.svg/50px-Flag_of_Croatia_%281990%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Croatia_%281990%29.svg/75px-Flag_of_Croatia_%281990%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Croatia_%281990%29.svg/100px-Flag_of_Croatia_%281990%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></span><hr /></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><table style="width:100%; margin:1px; display:inline-table;"><tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; padding:0 0.5em 0 0;width:20%;" class="noprint"></td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;; padding:0 1px;width:60%;" class=""><b>22–23 April 1990 (first round)<br />6–7 May 1990 (second round)</b></td> <td style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;; padding:0 0 0 0.5em;width:20%;" class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/1992_Croatian_parliamentary_election" title="1992 Croatian parliamentary election">1992</a> →</td> </tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr />All 80 seats in the Social-Political Council<br />All 116 seats in the Council of Municipalities<br />All 160 seats in the Council of Associated Labour</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table class="wikitable ib-legis-elect-results plainrowheaders"> <tbody><tr class="nowrap"> <th>Party</th> <th>Leader </th> <th>Seats </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="border-left: 4px solid #005BAA;"><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Democratic_Union" title="Croatian Democratic Union">HDZ</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Franjo_Tu%C4%91man" title="Franjo Tuđman">Franjo Tuđman</a> </td> <td class="ib-legis-elect-seats">205 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="border-left: 4px solid #DD0000;"><a href="/wiki/League_of_Communists_of_Croatia" title="League of Communists of Croatia">SKH–SDP</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ivica_Ra%C4%8Dan" title="Ivica Račan">Ivica Račan</a> </td> <td class="ib-legis-elect-seats">73 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="border-left: 4px solid #DD0000;"><a href="/wiki/League_of_Communists_of_Croatia" title="League of Communists of Croatia">SKH–SDP</a> / <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Croatia" title="Socialist Party of Croatia">SS–SSH</a> </th> <td>– </td> <td class="ib-legis-elect-seats">17 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="border-left: 4px solid #ffe01c;"><a href="/wiki/Coalition_of_People%27s_Accord" title="Coalition of People's Accord">KNS</a> </th> <td><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Savka_Dab%C4%8Devi%C4%87-Ku%C4%8Dar" title="Savka Dabčević-Kučar">Savka Dabčević-Kučar</a></span> </td> <td class="ib-legis-elect-seats">11 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="border-left: 4px solid #3b82c4;"><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Democratic_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Croatian Democratic Party">HDS</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Marko_Veselica" title="Marko Veselica">Marko Veselica</a> </td> <td class="ib-legis-elect-seats">10 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="border-left: 4px solid #38659C;"><a href="/wiki/Serb_Democratic_Party_(Croatia)" title="Serb Democratic Party (Croatia)">SDS</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Jovan_Ra%C5%A1kovi%C4%87" title="Jovan Rašković">Jovan Rašković</a> </td> <td class="ib-legis-elect-seats">5 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="border-left: 4px solid #e25353;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Croatia" title="Socialist Party of Croatia">SS–SSH</a> </th> <td> </td> <td class="ib-legis-elect-seats">4 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="border-left: 4px solid #DD0000;"><a href="/wiki/League_of_Communists_of_Croatia" title="League of Communists of Croatia">SKH</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialist_Alliance_%E2%80%93_Alliance_of_Socialists_of_Croatia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Socialist Alliance – Alliance of Socialists of Croatia (page does not exist)">SS</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alliance_of_Socialist_Youth_of_Croatia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alliance of Socialist Youth of Croatia (page does not exist)">SSOH</a> </th> <td>– </td> <td class="ib-legis-elect-seats">3 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="border-left: 4px solid #005BAA;"><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Democratic_Union" title="Croatian Democratic Union">HDZ</a> / <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Peasant_Party" title="Croatian Peasant Party">HSS</a> </th> <td>– </td> <td class="ib-legis-elect-seats">2 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="border-left: 4px solid #DD0000;"><a href="/wiki/League_of_Communists_of_Croatia" title="League of Communists of Croatia">SKH</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialist_Alliance_%E2%80%93_Alliance_of_Socialists_of_Croatia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Socialist Alliance – Alliance of Socialists of Croatia (page does not exist)">SS</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alliance_of_Socialist_Youth_of_Croatia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alliance of Socialist Youth of Croatia (page does not exist)">SSOH</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alliance_of_Associations_of_National_Liberation_War_Veterans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alliance of Associations of National Liberation War Veterans (page does not exist)">SUBNOR</a> </th> <td>– </td> <td class="ib-legis-elect-seats">2 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="border-left: 4px solid #ac3737;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alliance_of_Socialist_Youth_of_Croatia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alliance of Socialist Youth of Croatia (page does not exist)">SSOH</a> </th> <td> </td> <td class="ib-legis-elect-seats">1 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=Association_of_Independent_Entrepreneurs_of_%C4%90ur%C4%91evac&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Association of Independent Entrepreneurs of Đurđevac (page does not exist)">AIE</a> </th> <td> </td> <td class="ib-legis-elect-seats">1 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="border-left: 4px solid #005BAA;"><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Democratic_Union" title="Croatian Democratic Union">HDZ</a> / <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Social_Liberal_Party" title="Croatian Social Liberal Party">HSLS</a> </th> <td>– </td> <td class="ib-legis-elect-seats">2 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="border-left: 4px solid #DD0000;"><a href="/wiki/League_of_Communists_of_Croatia" title="League of Communists of Croatia">SKH–SDP</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_Action_Split&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Green Action Split (page does not exist)">GAS</a> </th> <td>– </td> <td class="ib-legis-elect-seats">1 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="border-left: 4px solid #02B14B;"><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Peasant_Party" title="Croatian Peasant Party">HSS</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Josip_Torbar_(politician,_born_1922)" title="Josip Torbar (politician, born 1922)">Josip Torbar</a> </td> <td class="ib-legis-elect-seats">1 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="border-left: 4px solid #DCDCDC;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independents</a> </th> <td> </td> <td class="ib-legis-elect-seats">13 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="nowrap ib-legis-elect-disclaimer">This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.</div><table class="ib-legis-elect-map"><tbody><tr><td class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Croatian_Parliamentary_Election_Results_1990.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Croatian_Parliamentary_Election_Results_1990.png/290px-Croatian_Parliamentary_Election_Results_1990.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Croatian_Parliamentary_Election_Results_1990.png/435px-Croatian_Parliamentary_Election_Results_1990.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Croatian_Parliamentary_Election_Results_1990.png/580px-Croatian_Parliamentary_Election_Results_1990.png 2x" data-file-width="2850" data-file-height="2700" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Results of the election in each of the <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Parliament_electoral_districts" title="Croatian Parliament electoral districts">electoral districts of Croatia</a> for the Socio-Political Council<br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#005BAA; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Democratic_Union" title="Croatian Democratic Union">HDZ</a></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#DD0000; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/League_of_Communists_of_Croatia" title="League of Communists of Croatia">SKH-SDP</a></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#fff200; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Coalition_of_People%27s_Accord" title="Coalition of People's Accord">KNS</a></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#e25353; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Croatia" title="Socialist Party of Croatia">SSH</a></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#24267d; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Serb_Democratic_Party_(Croatia)" title="Serb Democratic Party (Croatia)">SDS</a></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#079d35; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_Action_Split&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Green Action Split (page does not exist)">ZA</a></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#DCDCDC; color:black;"> </span> Independent</span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table class="ib-legis-elect-befaft"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Prime Minister before</th> <th scope="col" class="ib-legis-elect-befaft-right">Subsequent Prime Minister</th> </tr><tr> <td class="ib-legis-elect-50"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antun_Milovi%C4%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antun Milović (page does not exist)">Antun Milović</a><br /><a href="/wiki/League_of_Communists_of_Croatia" title="League of Communists of Croatia">SKH</a></td> <td class="ib-legis-elect-befaft-right ib-legis-elect-50"><a href="/wiki/Stjepan_Mesi%C4%87" title="Stjepan Mesić">Stjepan Mesić</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Democratic_Union" title="Croatian Democratic Union">HDZ</a></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Parliamentary elections were held in the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Croatia" title="Socialist Republic of Croatia">Socialist Republic of Croatia</a> between 22 and 23 April 1990; the second round of voting occurred on 6–7 May. These were the first free, multi-party elections held in Croatia since <a href="/wiki/1938_Yugoslavian_parliamentary_election" title="1938 Yugoslavian parliamentary election">1938</a>, and the first such elections for the <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Parliament" title="Croatian Parliament">Croatian Parliament</a> since <a href="/wiki/1913_Croatian_parliamentary_election" title="1913 Croatian parliamentary election">1913</a>. Voters elected candidates for 356 seats in the tri-cameral parliament; the turnout in the first round ranged between 76.56% and 84.54% for various parliamentary chambers. In the second round, the turnout was 74.82%. The <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Democratic_Union" title="Croatian Democratic Union">Croatian Democratic Union</a> (HDZ) won 205 seats, ousted the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Communists_of_Croatia" title="League of Communists of Croatia">League of Communists of Croatia – Party of Democratic Reform</a> (SKH-SDP) from power and ended 45 years of communist rule in Croatia. The new parliament convened for the first time on 30 May, elected <a href="/wiki/Franjo_Tu%C4%91man" title="Franjo Tuđman">Franjo Tuđman</a> as President of the Croatian Presidency and soon after renamed the office to <a href="/wiki/President_of_Croatia" title="President of Croatia">President of Croatia</a>. </p><p>The election took place during a political crisis within the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Yugoslav federation</a>, the disintegration of the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Communists_of_Yugoslavia" title="League of Communists of Yugoslavia">League of Communists of Yugoslavia</a>, and growing ethnic tensions between Croats and Serbs. Though the SKH-SDP was widely expected to win the elections, the HDZ took advantage of questions of nationality and political reform becoming the dominant issues of concern, and won by a wide margin. After the election, SKH-SDP lost a large proportion of its membership, many of whom crossed the party lines and joined the HDZ. The electoral campaign exacerbated ethnic rivalries, and mutually provocative actions led to deep mistrust. Fear was further fomented by authorities in the neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Serbia" title="Socialist Republic of Serbia">Socialist Republic of Serbia</a>. In the months following the elections, the Croatian parliament amended the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Croatia" title="Constitution of Croatia">Constitution of Croatia</a> to remove the term "Socialist" from the republic's official name, and to remove communist symbols from the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Croatia" title="Flag of Croatia">flag</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Croatia" title="Coat of arms of Croatia">coat of arms</a> of Croatia. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990_Croatian_parliamentary_election&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 10 December 1989, one day before the party's 11th Congress, the Central Committee of the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Communists_of_Croatia" title="League of Communists of Croatia">League of Communists of Croatia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a>: <i lang="hr">Savez komunista Hrvatske</i>—SKH) held an emergency meeting. The body adopted a decision, by a majority of seven to six, that the next election, due to be held in early 1990, would be a free, multiparty election.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudimir201181–82_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudimir201181–82-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the Congress, <a href="/wiki/Ivica_Ra%C4%8Dan" title="Ivica Račan">Ivica Račan</a>, who supported the Central Committee's decision, won the position of SKH Chairman by a small margin. Račan's victory gave support to liberal and reformist initiatives in the sphere of political administration.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPickeringBaskin2008525_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPickeringBaskin2008525-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Congress also supported the release of all political prisoners and the termination of all political trials.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudimir201181_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudimir201181-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Encouraged by this change in SKH policy, the <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Parliament" title="Croatian Parliament">Croatian Parliament</a> amended legislation to permit the establishment of political parties other than the SKH on 11 January 1990.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunatov2010391_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunatov2010391-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even though the decision by the SKH Central Committee of 10 December 1989 coincided with the signing of a public petition demanding free, multiparty elections,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudimir2011note_6_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudimir2011note_6-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the SKH's move was not motivated by public opinion. It was based on the SKH's wish to achieve greater power and confidence through an election victory.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoodward1995117–118_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoodward1995117–118-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The SKH's plans for liberalization and reform extended further. With the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Communists_of_Slovenia" title="League of Communists of Slovenia">League of Communists of Slovenia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Slovene_language" title="Slovene language">Slovene</a>: <i lang="sl">Zveza komunistov Slovenije</i>—ZKS), it put forward a proposal to hold multiparty elections and to reform the SKJ into a loose confederation of political parties in which the SKJ had no authority over associated parties, effectively eliminating the SKJ from political life.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHayden201326_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHayden201326-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The proposal was put forward at the <a href="/wiki/14th_Extraordinary_Congress_of_the_League_of_Communists_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="14th Extraordinary Congress of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia">SKJ's 14th Extraordinary Congress</a> on 22 January 1990, at which a confrontation primarily between the ZKS and the Serbian delegation led by <a href="/wiki/Slobodan_Milo%C5%A1evi%C4%87" title="Slobodan Milošević">Slobodan Milošević</a>, which was supported by the majority of delegates, developed. All the ZKS's proposals were rejected and the Slovene delegates left in protest. In turn, SKH representatives demanded the Congress be adjourned, but the Serbian and Montenegrin delegates preferred to continue the Congress without the Slovenes. In response, the SKH delegates also left the Congress, effectively marking the end of the SKJ.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBakkePeters2011195_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBakkePeters2011195-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electoral_legislation">Electoral legislation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990_Croatian_parliamentary_election&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Electoral legislation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 15 February, the Croatian Parliament adopted amendments to the Constitution of the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Croatia" title="Socialist Republic of Croatia">Socialist Republic of Croatia</a> and passed a package of electoral laws to facilitate multiparty elections, but left the parliamentary system unchanged.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudimir201185_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudimir201185-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Elections were scheduled for all 356 seats in the tricameral parliament consisting of the Socio-Political Council (80 seats), the Council of Associated Labour (160 seats) and the Council of Municipalities (116 seats).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlemenčić199198_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlemenčić199198-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The electoral legislation established constituencies for each parliamentary chamber, whose sizes varied greatly. The eighty Socio-Political Council constituencies encompassed many small municipalities or parts of large ones, varying in population from fewer than 32,000 to more than 80,000. Council of Municipalities constituencies corresponded to municipalities with greater population variations of fewer than 1,000 to more than 150,000.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlemenčić199198–100_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlemenčić199198–100-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Associated Labour Council members were to be elected in 160 constituencies whose populations also varied greatly. There was no <a href="/wiki/Universal_suffrage" title="Universal suffrage">universal suffrage</a> for the Associated Labour Council elections; voting was restricted to the employed, the self-employed and students.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerglund2013479_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerglund2013479-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The electoral legislation defined a <a href="/wiki/Two-round_system" title="Two-round system">two-round system</a> of voting. Candidates receiving a 50% of votes from at least 33.3% of the constituency win election outright in a single-member constituency. If no candidate received the required level of support, a second round was scheduled two weeks later, in which all candidates who received at least 7% of votes in the first round could take part. The candidate who received the most votes—not necessarily an absolute majority—win the constituency.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPodolnjak2008336_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPodolnjak2008336-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two-round system was adopted despite the objection of opposition groups, who demanded <a href="/wiki/Proportional_representation" title="Proportional representation">proportional representation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoodward1995117–118_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoodward1995117–118-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first round of the elections was scheduled for 22–23 April, and the second round for 6–7 May.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006356_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006356-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_parties">Political parties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990_Croatian_parliamentary_election&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Political parties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kockica_Prisavlje_Zagreb.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Kockica_Prisavlje_Zagreb.jpg/220px-Kockica_Prisavlje_Zagreb.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Kockica_Prisavlje_Zagreb.jpg/330px-Kockica_Prisavlje_Zagreb.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Kockica_Prisavlje_Zagreb.jpg/440px-Kockica_Prisavlje_Zagreb.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Headquarters of the League of Communists of Croatia in 1990</figcaption></figure> <p>The first opposition groups in Croatia were set up as civic associations in 1989. The first among them was the <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Social_Liberal_Party" title="Croatian Social Liberal Party">Croatian Social Liberal Union</a> (Croatian: <i lang="hr">Hrvatski socijalno-liberalni savez</i>—HSLS), which was founded on 20 May 1989 and was later renamed the Croatian Social Liberal Party. The <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Democratic_Union" title="Croatian Democratic Union">Croatian Democratic Union</a> (Croatian: <i lang="hr">Hrvatska demokratska zajednica</i>—HDZ), which would later become the main opposition to the SKH, was founded on 17 June 1989 but was registered on 25 January 1990.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudimir201183_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudimir201183-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The HDZ held its first convention on 24–25 February 1990, when <a href="/wiki/Franjo_Tu%C4%91man" title="Franjo Tuđman">Franjo Tuđman</a> was elected its president.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudimir201184_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudimir201184-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 1 March 1990, the <a href="/wiki/Coalition_of_People%27s_Accord" title="Coalition of People's Accord">Coalition of People's Accord</a> (Croatian: <i lang="hr">Koalicija narodnog sporazuma</i>—KNS) was formed as an alliance of the <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Christian_Democratic_Union" title="Croatian Christian Democratic Union">Croatian Christian Democratic Party</a> (Croatian: <i lang="hr">Hrvatska kršćanska demokratska stranka</i>—HKDS), the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Croatia#Merger_with_SDH" title="Social Democratic Party of Croatia">Social Democratic Party of Croatia</a> (Croatian: <i lang="hr">Socijaldemokratska stranka Hrvatske</i>—SDSH), the <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Democratic_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Croatian Democratic Party">Croatian Democratic Party</a> (Croatian: <i lang="hr">Hrvatska demokratska stranka</i>—HDS), the HSLS and five independent candidates; <a href="/wiki/Savka_Dab%C4%8Devi%C4%87-Ku%C4%8Dar" title="Savka Dabčević-Kučar">Savka Dabčević-Kučar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Supek" title="Ivan Supek">Ivan Supek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miko_Tripalo" title="Miko Tripalo">Miko Tripalo</a>, Dragutin Haramija and Srećko Bijelić, who were prominent figures of the 1971 <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Spring" title="Croatian Spring">Croatian Spring</a> political movement.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudimir201185_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudimir201185-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 17 February 1990, the <a href="/wiki/Serb_Democratic_Party_(Croatia)" title="Serb Democratic Party (Croatia)">Serb Democratic Party</a> was founded,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPauković200815_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPauković200815-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but failed to spread its organization significantly beyond <a href="/wiki/Knin" title="Knin">Knin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPauković200816_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPauković200816-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Generally, organizational skills of the parties varied significantly; only SKH candidates stood for election in every constituency. The HDZ did not field candidates in 82 constituencies (25 for the Council of Municipalities and 57 for the Council of Associated Labour).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudimir201183_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudimir201183-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 5 February, Croatian authorities registered the first seven political parties, including the SKH, HDZ, HSLS and several other members of the KNS.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudimir201185_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudimir201185-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eighteen political parties and many independent candidates took part in the election. 1,609 candidates ran for seats in the parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudimir201186_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudimir201186-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 20 March, the SKH decided to change its name to League of Communists of Croatia – Party of Democratic Reform (Croatian: <i lang="hr">Savez komunista Hrvatske – Stranka demokratskih promjena</i>—SKH-SDP).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudimir201182_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudimir201182-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Campaign">Campaign</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990_Croatian_parliamentary_election&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Campaign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Croatian_parliament.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Croatian_parliament.jpg/220px-Croatian_parliament.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Croatian_parliament.jpg/330px-Croatian_parliament.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Croatian_parliament.jpg/440px-Croatian_parliament.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Parliament" title="Croatian Parliament">Croatian Parliament</a> building</figcaption></figure> <p>The election campaign took place from late March until 20 April, employing a mix of traditional devices and concepts inspired by election campaigns in the West. These largely involved the use of posters, flags bearing the Croatian <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Croatia" title="Coat of arms of Croatia">chequy arms</a>, graffiti, badges, stickers, support from entertainers and media, and the use of political rallies. Parties also relied on word of mouth, <a href="/wiki/Media_manipulation" title="Media manipulation">media manipulation</a> and even paranoia. An overall lack of political experience led to the use of some awkward, distasteful or otherwise poor slogans and posters. SKH-SDP posters were largely devoted to Račan and his messages: "We stopped single-mindedness, achieved democracy, Croatia freely elects" and "Račan's NO to single-mindedness".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPauković200816_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPauković200816-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The HDZ used simple messages: "One knows – HDZ" and "HDZ – our name is our agenda",<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPauković200815_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPauković200815-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the KNS used an image of a chessboard with the word <i>Koalicija</i> (<i>Coalition</i>) inscribed in its fields.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPauković200816_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPauković200816-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the initial stages of the campaign, the SDP-SKH was generally expected to win;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006356_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006356-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a></i> predicted a <a href="/wiki/Coalition_government" title="Coalition government">coalition government</a> would be formed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEconomist6_January_1990_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEconomist6_January_1990-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Issues of nation and elections/democracy dominated the overall campaign; economic issues were three-times-less represented than either of the former issues. A similar breakdown of campaign focus existed in the cases of the HDZ, SKH-SDP and KNS when analyzed individually.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPauković200817_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPauković200817-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The theme of restructuring Yugoslavia as a looser confederation and, should that fail, achieving independence was reaffirmed in the campaign<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHayden201326_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHayden201326-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and accepted by Tuđman.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESanderson_King199216_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESanderson_King199216-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the SKH-SDP, the elections primarily meant a campaign for the reform of the Yugoslav federation. The HDZ's priority was building the Croatian state.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESøberg200732_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESøberg200732-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the run-up to the vote, 15% of Croats said they supported independence and 64% declared in favour of the proposed confederation. 37% said independence was a political priority.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGagnon2006135_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGagnon2006135-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Parties gradually developed their ethnic profiles during the campaign. While the SDS appealed exclusively to <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Serb" class="mw-redirect" title="Croatian Serb">Croatian Serb</a> voters, surveys indicated 98% of the HDZ's voters were Croats.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPauković200817_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPauković200817-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The KNS applied moderately nationalistic rhetoric but failed to seriously challenge the HDZ.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPauković200815_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPauković200815-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Growing Serbian and Croatian Serb nationalism increasingly prompted Croat voters to support the HDZ.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006356_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006356-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The SKH-SDP appealed to an ethnically mixed electorate; surveys indicated 52% of its supporters were Croats, 28% were Serbs and 17% declared themselves as Yugoslavs. Among Croatian Serbs, only 23% supported the SDS, while 46% supported the SKH-SDP.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPauković200817_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPauković200817-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eventually, the HDZ emerged as the most credible anti-communist party in Croatia, rejecting the arbitrary rule and corruption that many Croatians associated with 45 years of communist domination, and affirming Croatia's national and religious identity.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPickeringBaskin2008528_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPickeringBaskin2008528-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media_coverage">Media coverage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990_Croatian_parliamentary_election&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Media coverage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mainstream media in Croatia largely portrayed Tuđman and HDZ as right-wing nationalists, often as extremists who threatened Yugoslavia's continuation as a unified state. These comparisons were made following conflicting media statements by the party's leaders—especially at the HDZ general convention—which made it difficult to assess whether this was merely an electoral tactic, or whether the party's intention was to encourage Croatian nationalism. The Croatian public came to view the HDZ as the only party that could effectively "defend Croatia's national interests".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPauković200817–18_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPauković200817–18-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The SKH-SDP was portrayed as a party of moderates by the Croatian media, and it avoided using the term "Croatian national interests" as a major talking point, fearing it would lose the support of Croatian Serb voters. The KNS was positioned between the two but its incoherent approach and greater emphasis on individual rights rather than national issues cost it votes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPauković200818_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPauković200818-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Beginning in mid-1988, mainstream Serbian media reported that Croatia was supporting Albanian separatism in the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Autonomous_Province_of_Kosovo" title="Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo">Serbian province of Kosovo</a> and was oppressing Croatian Serbs to pressure Serbia's leaders. Media heavily criticized the HDZ and equated it with the fascist <a href="/wiki/Usta%C5%A1e" title="Ustaše">Ustaše</a> movement that controlled Croatia during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, while the possibility of a HDZ electoral victory was portrayed as a revival of the <a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Independent State of Croatia">Croatian fascist state</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPauković200818_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPauković200818-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This rhetoric was reinforced after Tuđman said the NDH was "not merely a quisling construct, but also an expression of the historical aspirations of the Croatian nation". Serbian media consequently equated the prospect of an HDZ electoral victory with a repeat of the Ustaše-led <a href="/wiki/World_War_II_persecution_of_Serbs" class="mw-redirect" title="World War II persecution of Serbs">massacres, deportations and forced conversions of Serbs</a> that had occurred in Croatia during World War II.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPauković200819_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPauković200819-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Media had criticized the SKH-SDP since 1989 as ineffective in stopping the rise of Croatian nationalism; the SDS was promoted as the Croatian Serbs' only hope of preserving their national identity.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPauković200819_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPauković200819-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Petrova_Gora_rally">Petrova Gora rally</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990_Croatian_parliamentary_election&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Petrova Gora rally"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spomenik_na_Petrovoj_gori_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Spomenik_na_Petrovoj_gori_2010.jpg/220px-Spomenik_na_Petrovoj_gori_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Spomenik_na_Petrovoj_gori_2010.jpg/330px-Spomenik_na_Petrovoj_gori_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Spomenik_na_Petrovoj_gori_2010.jpg/440px-Spomenik_na_Petrovoj_gori_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>The site of the Petrova Gora rally</figcaption></figure> <p>A a rally held at <a href="/wiki/Petrova_Gora" title="Petrova Gora">Petrova Gora</a> on 4 March had a significant impact upon ethnic homogenization. It was not formally associated with any party standing in the election;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPauković200819_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPauković200819-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it was organized by the municipalities of <a href="/wiki/Vojni%C4%87" title="Vojnić">Vojnić</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vrginmost" class="mw-redirect" title="Vrginmost">Vrginmost</a>, and the Yugoslav Independent Democratic Party. According to the then-mayor of Vrginmost, the two municipalities had organized the rally to show their support for <a href="/wiki/Brotherhood_and_unity" title="Brotherhood and unity">brotherhood and unity</a>—a Titoist concept whereby all of Yugoslavia's ethnic groups would live in harmony—instead of letting it become a Serb nationalist event. The rally was attended by tens of thousand Serbs who heard mainly pro-Yugoslav speeches about the threat posed by the HDZ and the unfavourable position of Serbs in Croatian society.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPauković200820_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPauković200820-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The SKH-SDP condemned the rally in advance as being harmful to inter-ethnic relations and potentially capable of increasing Croatian nationalism.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPauković200821_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPauković200821-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Croatian media linked the rally to the <a href="/wiki/Anti-bureaucratic_revolution" title="Anti-bureaucratic revolution">anti-bureaucratic revolution</a> in neighbouring Serbia and depicted it as a protest demanding the overthrow of the Croatian government. Conversely, Serbian media equated the SKH-SDP with the HDZ, declared the entire Croatian political spectrum nationalist and said Serbs should not take part in Croatia's electoral process.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPauković200825_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPauković200825-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Benkovac_rally">Benkovac rally</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990_Croatian_parliamentary_election&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Benkovac rally"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A HDZ rally in <a href="/wiki/Benkovac" title="Benkovac">Benkovac</a>, held on 18 March, also led to substantial media coverage in Croatia and Serbia, and significantly influenced the general atmosphere surrounding the election campaign. The event drew several thousand HDZ supporters and several hundred Serbs who booed speakers and threw missiles at them. During Tuđman's address, a 62-year-old Serbian man, Boško Čubrilović, approached the podium. When he was stopped by security, Čubrilović drew a <a href="/wiki/Gas_pistol" title="Gas pistol">gas pistol</a>. He was thrown to the ground; the gun was confiscated and shown to the crowd and described as the gun meant to kill Tuđman. The rally disintegrated into a mass brawl that was stopped by police. Croatian media described the incident as an assassination attempt. Čubrilović was charged with threatening the security staff, for which he was tried and convicted in late 1990. The incident increased ethnic tensions and firmly positioned ethnic issues as an important theme of the election campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPauković200825–26_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPauković200825–26-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Croatian media described the incident as an attempt to destabilize Croatia, while Serbian media said the events in Benkovac embodied the legitimate fears of Croatian Serbs brought on by the rise of Croatian nationalism embodied by Tuđman and the HDZ.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPauković200829_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPauković200829-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voting_and_results">Voting and results</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990_Croatian_parliamentary_election&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Voting and results"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="notheme barbox tright" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:300px; background: white; color: black;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#AAF"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Croatian parliamentary elections, 1990</th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;">council</td> <td style="padding:0 4px; text-align:right;">party</td> <td style="width:100px; text-align:left;"></td> <td style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;">votes</td> <td style="padding:0 4px; text-align:right;">turnout</td> </tr> <tr style="line-height:100%"> <td rowspan="3" style="padding:0 0.4em">Socio-Political</td> <td style="padding:0 0.4em;vertical-align:bottom" align="right"><small>SKH-SDP</small></td> <td style="width:100px;border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;vertical-align:bottom"> <div style="height:8px;width:23.59%;padding:0;margin:0;background:red;color:red;overflow:hidden;font-size:4px;">  </div> </td> <td style="padding:0 0.4em;vertical-align:bottom" align="right"><small>23.59%</small></td> </tr> <tr style="line-height:100%"> <td style="padding:0 0.4em" align="right"><small>HDZ</small></td> <td style="width:100px;border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;"> <div style="height:8px;width:41.76%;padding:0;margin:0;background:blue;color:red;overflow:hidden;font-size:4px">  </div> </td> <td style="padding:0 0.4em" align="right"><small>41.76%</small></td> <td style="width:3em;padding:0 0.4em" align="center"><small>84.54%</small></td> </tr> <tr style="line-height:100%"> <td style="padding:0 0.4em;vertical-align:top" align="right"><small>KNS</small></td> <td style="width:100px;border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;vertical-align:top"> <div style="height:8px;width:10.99%;padding:0;margin:1px 0 4px; background:orange;color:red;overflow:hidden;font-size:4px;vertical-align:top">  </div> </td> <td style="padding:0 0.4em;vertical-align:top" align="right"><small>10.99%</small></td> <td style="width:3em;padding:0 0.4em;vertical-align:top" align="center"><small></small></td> </tr> <tr style="line-height:100%"> <td rowspan="3" style="padding:0 0.4em">Municipalities</td> <td style="padding:0 0.4em;vertical-align:bottom" align="right"><small>SKH-SDP</small></td> <td style="width:100px;border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;vertical-align:bottom"> <div style="height:8px;width:25.28%;padding:0;margin:0;background:red;color:red;overflow:hidden;font-size:4px;">  </div> </td> <td style="padding:0 0.4em;vertical-align:bottom" align="right"><small>25.28%</small></td> </tr> <tr style="line-height:100%"> <td style="padding:0 0.4em" align="right"><small>HDZ</small></td> <td style="width:100px;border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;"> <div style="height:8px;width:43.91%;padding:0;margin:0;background:blue;color:red;overflow:hidden;font-size:4px">  </div> </td> <td style="padding:0 0.4em" align="right"><small>43.91%</small></td> <td style="width:3em;padding:0 0.4em" align="center"><small>84.09%</small></td> </tr> <tr style="line-height:100%"> <td style="padding:0 0.4em;vertical-align:top" align="right"><small>KNS</small></td> <td style="width:100px;border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;vertical-align:top"> <div style="height:8px;width:9.37%;padding:0;margin:1px 0 4px; background:orange;color:red;overflow:hidden;font-size:4px;vertical-align:top">  </div> </td> <td style="padding:0 0.4em;vertical-align:top" align="right"><small>9.37%</small></td> <td style="width:3em;padding:0 0.4em;vertical-align:top" align="center"><small></small></td> </tr> <tr style="line-height:100%"> <td rowspan="3" style="padding:0 0.4em">Associated Labour</td> <td style="padding:0 0.4em;vertical-align:bottom" align="right"><small>SKH-SDP</small></td> <td style="width:100px;border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;vertical-align:bottom"> <div style="height:8px;width:25.06%;padding:0;margin:0;background:red;color:red;overflow:hidden;font-size:4px;">  </div> </td> <td style="padding:0 0.4em;vertical-align:bottom" align="right"><small>25.06%</small></td> </tr> <tr style="line-height:100%"> <td style="padding:0 0.4em" align="right"><small>HDZ</small></td> <td style="width:100px;border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;"> <div style="height:8px;width:32.69%;padding:0;margin:0;background:blue;color:red;overflow:hidden;font-size:4px">  </div> </td> <td style="padding:0 0.4em" align="right"><small>32.69%</small></td> <td style="width:3em;padding:0 0.4em" align="center"><small>76.53%</small></td> </tr> <tr style="line-height:100%"> <td style="padding:0 0.4em;vertical-align:top" align="right"><small>KNS</small></td> <td style="width:100px;border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;vertical-align:top"> <div style="height:8px;width:10.39%;padding:0;margin:1px 0 4px; background:orange;color:red;overflow:hidden;font-size:4px;vertical-align:top">  </div> </td> <td style="padding:0 0.4em;vertical-align:top" align="right"><small>10.39%</small></td> <td style="width:3em;padding:0 0.4em;vertical-align:top" align="center"><small></small></td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="5" style="padding:5px; text-align:left;">Popular vote by parliamentary chamber, 1st round</td></tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Parlamentarni_izbori_u_Hrvatskoj_1990,_vije%C4%87a_op%C4%87ina.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Parlamentarni_izbori_u_Hrvatskoj_1990%2C_vije%C4%87a_op%C4%87ina.png/220px-Parlamentarni_izbori_u_Hrvatskoj_1990%2C_vije%C4%87a_op%C4%87ina.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Parlamentarni_izbori_u_Hrvatskoj_1990%2C_vije%C4%87a_op%C4%87ina.png/330px-Parlamentarni_izbori_u_Hrvatskoj_1990%2C_vije%C4%87a_op%C4%87ina.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Parlamentarni_izbori_u_Hrvatskoj_1990%2C_vije%C4%87a_op%C4%87ina.png/440px-Parlamentarni_izbori_u_Hrvatskoj_1990%2C_vije%C4%87a_op%C4%87ina.png 2x" data-file-width="2850" data-file-height="2700" /></a><figcaption>Results of the election for the Council of <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Croatia" title="Municipalities of Croatia">Municipalities</a><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#005BAA; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Democratic_Union" title="Croatian Democratic Union">HDZ</a></span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ED1C24; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/League_of_Communists_of_Croatia" title="League of Communists of Croatia">SKH-SDP</a></span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#e25353; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Croatia" title="Socialist Party of Croatia">SS-SSH</a></span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#24267d; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Serb_Democratic_Party_(Croatia)" title="Serb Democratic Party (Croatia)">SDS</a></span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#3b82c4; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Christian_Democratic_Union#Origins" title="Croatian Christian Democratic Union">HDS</a></span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#4598fe; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Christian_Democratic_Union#Origins" title="Croatian Christian Democratic Union">HKDS</a></span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ac3737; color:white;"> </span> SSOH</span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ffbebe; color:black;"> </span> SDSH</span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#F9EB10; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Social_Liberal_Party" title="Croatian Social Liberal Party">HSLS</a></span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ffffff; color:black;"> </span> Elections not held</span></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_round">First round</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990_Croatian_parliamentary_election&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: First round"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the first round of voting on 22–23 April, the turnout in the election for members of the Socio-Political Council was 84.54% (2,875,061 total votes). HDZ won 41.76% of popular vote, followed by SKH-SDP and KNS at 23.59% and 10.99% respectively. Turnout in the election of members of the Council of Municipalities was 84.09% (3,433,548 total votes); HDZ led the poll, winning 43.91% of the votes cast, again followed by SKH-SDP and KNS at 25.28% and 9.37% of votes respectively. Turnout for the election of members of the Council of Associated Labour was 76.53% (1,455,365 total votes). HDZ received 32.69% of votes cast, followed by SKH-SDP at 25.06%. Independent candidates received 19.75% and KNS won 10.39% of the vote.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDIP1990_(a)12_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDIP1990_(a)12-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first round of voting decided 137 of the 356 seats in the three chambers of the parliament. HDZ won 107 of them, while SKH-SDP received 14 seats outright and three more in coalition with the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Croatia" title="Socialist Party of Croatia">Socialist Alliance – Alliance of Socialists of Croatia</a> (Croatian: <i lang="hr">Socijalistički savez – Savez socijalista Hrvatske</i>—SS-SSH). The remaining 13 seats were distributed between independent candidates and four other parties. KNS received one seat.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDIP1990_(a)3_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDIP1990_(a)3-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In response to KNS's poor result, HDS left the coalition and continued to campaign on its own.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPauković200816_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPauković200816-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the results were announced, SKH-SDP realized it would lose the elections;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudimir201186_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudimir201186-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Račan stated that SKH-SDP would be a strong opposition party.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudimir2011note_35_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudimir2011note_35-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tuđman declared that with the HDZ in power there would be no personal revenge against the SKH-SDP members who had dismissed HDZ supporters from their jobs, but that those who opposed HDZ's views would be removed from public office.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudimir2011note_36_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudimir2011note_36-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_round">Second round</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990_Croatian_parliamentary_election&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Second round"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The second round of voting was held on 6–7 May. The election for members of the Socio-Political Council was held in 51 previously undecided constituencies where the turnout was 74.82% (1,678,412 total votes). HDZ won 42.18% of popular vote, followed by SKH-SDP at 27.52% and KNS at 9.89%. Turnout in the election of members of the Council of Municipalities had been 74.58% (1,589,894 total votes). HDZ lead the poll with 41.50% of the votes cast, again followed by SKH-SDP and KNS at 33.28% and 8.19% of votes respectively. In the election of members of the Council of Associated Labour in 103 constituencies undecided in the first round of voting, turnout was 66.05% (847,288 total votes). SKH-SDP received 31.56% of votes cast, followed by HDZ at 28.32%. Independent candidates received 13.26% and KNS won 10.95% of the vote.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDIP1990_(b)1_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDIP1990_(b)1-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The runoff decided 214 more seats in the parliament. In addition to the seats won in the first round, HDZ won 98, while SKH-SDP alone or in coalition with SS-SSH received 73 seats.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDIP1990_(a)3_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDIP1990_(a)3-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Overall, in the two rounds of voting, 351 seats in the three chambers of the parliament were decided. HDZ won 205 seats on its own and four through candidates supported jointly with <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Peasant_Party" title="Croatian Peasant Party">Croatian Peasant Party</a> (Croatian: <i lang="hr">Hrvatska seljačka stranka</i>—HSS) (2) and HSLS (2), SKH-SDP won 73 seats alone, and 23 more were won by candidates supported by SKH-SDP and other political entities. Other parties winning seats in the parliament were KNS (11), HDS (10), SDS (5) SS-SSH (4), HSS (1) and SSOH (1). Association of independent entrepreneurs of <a href="/wiki/%C4%90ur%C4%91evac" title="Đurđevac">Đurđevac</a> won one seat and 13 were won by independent candidates.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDIP1990_(a)3_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDIP1990_(a)3-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Generally, HDZ fared the best in both rounds of voting in areas where Croats represented the <a href="/wiki/Absolute_majority" class="mw-redirect" title="Absolute majority">absolute majority</a>. SKH-SDP did well in ethnically mixed areas of <a href="/wiki/Banovina_(region)" title="Banovina (region)">Banovina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kordun" title="Kordun">Kordun</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lika" title="Lika">Lika</a>. It also fared well in <a href="/wiki/Istria" title="Istria">Istria</a> and major cities, especially in <a href="/wiki/Split,_Croatia" title="Split, Croatia">Split</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rijeka" title="Rijeka">Rijeka</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Osijek" title="Osijek">Osijek</a>—a result interpreted as a consequence of specific socio-economic properties of the population there. SKH-SDP suffered a substantial defeat in <a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlemenčić1991103_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlemenčić1991103-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="plainrowheaders wikitable" style="cellspacing=2px; text-align:right; font-size:90%;" width="800px"> <caption>Popular vote and seats won in Croatian parliamentary elections 1990<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDIP1990_(a)1,_3,_12_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDIP1990_(a)1,_3,_12-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDIP1990_(b)1_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDIP1990_(b)1-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr style="font-size:100%; text-align:right;"> <th scope="col" rowspan="3">Party</th> <th scope="col" colspan="7">First round</th> <th scope="col" colspan="7">Second round</th> <th scope="col" colspan="4">Overall results </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="col" colspan="3">Popular vote</th> <th scope="col" colspan="4">Seats</th> <th scope="col" colspan="3">Popular vote</th> <th scope="col" colspan="4">Seats</th> <th scope="col" colspan="4">Seats </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="col">Muni.</th> <th scope="col">SP</th> <th scope="col">AL</th> <th scope="col">Muni.</th> <th scope="col">SP</th> <th scope="col">AL</th> <th scope="col">Total</th> <th scope="col">Muni.</th> <th scope="col">SP</th> <th scope="col">AL</th> <th scope="col">Muni.</th> <th scope="col">SP</th> <th scope="col">AL</th> <th scope="col">Total</th> <th scope="col">Muni.</th> <th scope="col">SP</th> <th scope="col">AL</th> <th scope="col">Total </th></tr> <tr> <td><abbr title="Croatian Democratic Union">HDZ</abbr></td> <td>41.76%</td> <td>43.91%</td> <td>32.69%</td> <td>41</td> <td>25</td> <td>41</td> <td>107</td> <td>42.18%</td> <td>41.50%</td> <td>28.32%</td> <td>27</td> <td>29</td> <td>42</td> <td>98</td> <td>68</td> <td>54</td> <td>83</td> <td>205 </td></tr> <tr> <td><abbr title="League of Communists of Croatia-Party of Democratic Reform">SKH-SDP</abbr></td> <td>23.59%</td> <td>25.28%</td> <td>25.06%</td> <td>6</td> <td>2</td> <td>6</td> <td>14</td> <td>27.52%</td> <td>33.28%</td> <td>31.56%</td> <td>17</td> <td>10</td> <td>32</td> <td>59</td> <td>23</td> <td>12</td> <td>38</td> <td>73 </td></tr> <tr> <td><abbr title="Coalition of People's Accord">KNS</abbr></td> <td>10.99%</td> <td>9.37%</td> <td>10.39%</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>9.89%</td> <td>8.19%</td> <td>10.95%</td> <td>2</td> <td>3</td> <td>5</td> <td>10</td> <td>2</td> <td>3</td> <td>6</td> <td>11 </td></tr> <tr> <td><abbr title="Socialist Alliance – Alliance of Socialists of Croatia">SS-SSH</abbr></td> <td>6.49%</td> <td>5.78%</td> <td>5.37%</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>3.42%</td> <td>2.83%</td> <td>5.15%</td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>1</td> <td>4</td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>1</td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr> <td><abbr title="Serb Democratic Party">SDS</abbr></td> <td>1.61%</td> <td>0.90%</td> <td>0.36%</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>3</td> <td>2.07%</td> <td>0.54%</td> <td>-</td> <td>2</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>2</td> <td>3</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><abbr title="Croatian Democratic Party">HDS</abbr></td> <td>3.95</td> <td>3.82%</td> <td>3.91%</td> <td>2</td> <td>-</td> <td>1</td> <td>3</td> <td>4.22%</td> <td>2.98%</td> <td>4.88%</td> <td>1</td> <td>-</td> <td>6</td> <td>7</td> <td>3</td> <td>-</td> <td>7</td> <td>10 </td></tr> <tr> <td>SKH-SDP, SS-SSH</td> <td>4.50%</td> <td>2.87%</td> <td>1.28%</td> <td>3</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>3</td> <td>6.43%</td> <td>5.04%</td> <td>2.30%</td> <td>6</td> <td>4</td> <td>4</td> <td>14</td> <td>9</td> <td>4</td> <td>4</td> <td>17 </td></tr> <tr> <td>SKH-SDP, SS-SSH, <abbr title="Alliance of Socialist Youth of Croatia">SSOH</abbr>, <abbr title="Alliance of Associations of National Liberation War Veterans">SUBNOR</abbr></td> <td rowspan="8">3.00%</td> <td rowspan="8">4.69%</td> <td rowspan="8">1.18%</td> <td rowspan="8">2</td> <td rowspan="8">-</td> <td rowspan="8">-</td> <td rowspan="8">2</td> <td rowspan="8">3.47%</td> <td rowspan="8">4.40%</td> <td rowspan="8">3.59%</td> <td rowspan="8">4</td> <td rowspan="8">3</td> <td rowspan="8">4</td> <td rowspan="8">11</td> <td>2</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>SKH-SDP, SS-SSH, SSOH</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>SKH-SDP, <abbr title="Green Action Split">GAS</abbr></td> <td>-</td> <td>1</td> <td>-</td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>HDZ, <abbr title="Croatian Peasant Party">HSS</abbr></td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>-</td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>HDZ, <abbr title="Croatian Social Liberal Party">HSLS</abbr></td> <td>2</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>SSOH</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>1</td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>HSS</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>1</td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><abbr title="Association of Independent Entrepreneurs of Đurđevac">AIE</abbr></td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>1</td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Independent</td> <td>4.11%</td> <td>3.39%</td> <td>19.75%</td> <td>-</td> <td>1</td> <td>3</td> <td>4</td> <td>0.79%</td> <td>1.24%</td> <td>13.26%</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>9</td> <td>9</td> <td>-</td> <td>1</td> <td>12</td> <td>13 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" colspan="19">Key: SP – Socio-Political Council, Muni. – Council of Municipalities, AL – Council of Associated Labour </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990_Croatian_parliamentary_election&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The elections were the first free and multiparty elections held in Croatia since 11 December 1938 elections for the National Assembly of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Kingdom of Yugoslavia</a>, and were the first such elections for the Croatian parliament since 16 December 1913.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudimir2011note_28_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudimir2011note_28-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> SKH-SDP graciously accepted HDZ's electoral victory, but the defeat led to substantial losses of party members. Those who left SKH-SDP included traditionalist communists and Croatian Serb party members who followed the lead of <a href="/wiki/Borislav_Mikeli%C4%87" title="Borislav Mikelić">Borislav Mikelić</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPickeringBaskin2008525_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPickeringBaskin2008525-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 97,000 members of SKH-SDP switched their political allegiances and joined HDZ. By June, SKH-SDP membership dropped from 298,000 to 46,000.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPickeringBaskin2008528_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPickeringBaskin2008528-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following a plan designed to coincide with the change of regime in Croatia, and in neighbouring Slovenia, the General Staff of the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_People%27s_Army" title="Yugoslav People's Army">Yugoslav People's Army</a> (Croatian: <i lang="hr">Jugoslavenska Narodna Armija</i>—JNA) moved in to confiscate Croatia's and Slovenia's <a href="/wiki/Territorial_Defense_Forces_(Yugoslavia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Territorial Defense Forces (Yugoslavia)">Territorial Defence</a> (Croatian: <i lang="hr">Teritorijalna obrana</i>—TO) weapons to minimize the possibility of armed resistance from the two republics. The plan was executed on 14 May before the newly elected parliament convened. Unlike Slovene authorities—which salvaged nearly a third of the TO stockpile—Croatia was caught unprepared and the JNA seized all Croatian TO weapons, effectively disarming the republic's security forces.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoare2010117_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoare2010117-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An exception was made in cases of Serb-populated areas, where local TO depots were left intact or even augmented by the JNA.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBideleuxJeffries2007198_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBideleuxJeffries2007198-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The weapons would only be recaptured in late 1991 in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Barracks" title="Battle of the Barracks">Battle of the Barracks</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECIA200295_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECIA200295-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or returned in its aftermath by the JNA.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrigović2011444_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrigović2011444-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_parliament">New parliament</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990_Croatian_parliamentary_election&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: New parliament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mesic_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Mesic_cropped.jpg/170px-Mesic_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Mesic_cropped.jpg/255px-Mesic_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Mesic_cropped.jpg/340px-Mesic_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="376" data-file-height="502" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Stjepan_Mesi%C4%87" title="Stjepan Mesić">Stjepan Mesić</a> was appointed the prime minister by the new parliament</figcaption></figure> <p>The newly elected Parliament convened on 30 May and elected Tuđman as President of Presidency of Croatia by 281 votes to 50,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBideleuxJeffries2007197_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBideleuxJeffries2007197-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in a secret ballot. <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDarko_Domljan" title="Žarko Domljan">Žarko Domljan</a> was elected the <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Croatian_Parliament" title="Speaker of the Croatian Parliament">speaker of the parliament</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudimir201190_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudimir201190-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Stjepan_Mesi%C4%87" title="Stjepan Mesić">Stjepan Mesić</a> was appointed the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Croatia" title="Prime Minister of Croatia">prime minister</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoodward1995143_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoodward1995143-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> SDS leader <a href="/wiki/Jovan_Ra%C5%A1kovi%C4%87" title="Jovan Rašković">Jovan Rašković</a> was offered a position in the government but he declined the offer. In line with Tuđman's announcement following the first round of elections, the new government soon started to purge Serbs from public office.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBideleuxJeffries2007197_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBideleuxJeffries2007197-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was primarily concerned with the <a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Croatia" title="Law enforcement in Croatia">police</a>, where ethnic Serbs comprised approximately 75% of personnel in disproportion to the 12% they comprised in the <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Croatia" title="Demographics of Croatia">ethnic mix of Croatia</a>. Tuđman sanctioned the dismissal of Serbs from the police and their replacement with Croats, reducing the proportion of Serbs in the police force to 28% by November 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006356_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006356-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similar policies were applied in the judiciary, media and the education system,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBideleuxJeffries2007197_47-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBideleuxJeffries2007197-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though this was expanded to encompass others who were not in agreement with HDZ.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudimir201193_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudimir201193-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the aftermath of the elections, Tuđman was reluctant to proceed towards independence, realizing Croatia's vulnerability in any armed conflict.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBraniff201143_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBraniff201143-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the first session of the parliament, Tuđman addressed the members and announced the government's immediate tasks; the adoption of a new constitution, the resolving of the issue of Croatia's position in Yugoslavia, and integration into the <a href="/wiki/European_Community" class="mw-redirect" title="European Community">European Community</a> to ensure its independence and development.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeilStahl201469–70_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeilStahl201469–70-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 29 June 1990, the parliament started work on amendments to the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Croatia" title="Constitution of Croatia">Constitution of Croatia</a> designed to remove all references to communism and socialism. The amendments were prepared and adopted on 25 July. The official name of the republic was changed to the Republic of Croatia, the President of the Presidency became the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Croatia" title="President of Croatia">President of Croatia</a>, and a new coat of arms was adopted as a chequy of 25 red and white fields, which replaced the red star on the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Croatia" title="Flag of Croatia">flag of Croatia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENazor200735_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENazor200735-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Serbs interpreted the chequy used in the new arms and flag as provocative and reminiscent of NDH and Ustaše. While the chequy was used by the Nazi-puppet regime during the World War II, the symbol was also used in the arms of Croatia as a constituent part of Yugoslavia. Nonetheless, Serbs perceived the symbol as threatening.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeutloff-Grandits2006112_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeutloff-Grandits2006112-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Croatian_Serb_response">Croatian Serb response</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990_Croatian_parliamentary_election&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Croatian Serb response"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jovan_Ra%C5%A1kovi%C4%87_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Jovan_Ra%C5%A1kovi%C4%87_crop.jpg/170px-Jovan_Ra%C5%A1kovi%C4%87_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Jovan_Ra%C5%A1kovi%C4%87_crop.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="215" data-file-height="313" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jovan_Ra%C5%A1kovi%C4%87" title="Jovan Rašković">Jovan Rašković</a>, the head of the <a href="/wiki/Serb_Democratic_Party_(Croatia)" title="Serb Democratic Party (Croatia)">Serb Democratic Party</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Serbian nationalism in Croatia was well developed long before HDZ took power, but legislation and especially nationalist rhetoric used by HDZ fed that nationalism. An association of Serb municipalities was already established in Knin ahead of the elections. Civilians armed by the authorities of <a href="/wiki/SR_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="SR Serbia">Serbia</a> patrolled the area as Croatian control waned in the region.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECIA200284_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECIA200284-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Serbian government responded to HDZ's electoral victory by stating that Croatian authorities intended only to harm Croatian Serbs, exacerbating the already tense situation and supporting extremists among the SDS ranks.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECaspersen201057_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECaspersen201057-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Provocative actions of extremists among HDZ further served SDS hardliners' goals to instill fear among Serbs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGagnon2006147_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGagnon2006147-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 25 July, hours after the parliament adopted the amendments,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECIA200284_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECIA200284-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Serb National Council (SNC) was set up at a political rally in <a href="/wiki/Srb" title="Srb">Srb</a> and the Declaration on sovereignty and autonomy of Serbian nation was adopted.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENazor200736_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENazor200736-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 1 August, the SNC met in Knin, elected <a href="/wiki/Milan_Babi%C4%87" title="Milan Babić">Milan Babić</a> as its president and announced a referendum on Serb autonomy in parts of Croatia with Serb-majority populations. It was scheduled for the period from 19 August to 2 September. Croatian authorities declared the plan illegal on 3 August.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECIA200284_55-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECIA200284-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 17 August, Croatian authorities planned to restore their control of Knin and deployed police via Benkovac and <a href="/wiki/Obrovac,_Croatia" title="Obrovac, Croatia">Obrovac</a> towards the town. The <a href="/wiki/Croatian_special_police_order_of_battle_in_1991%E2%80%9395" class="mw-redirect" title="Croatian special police order of battle in 1991–95">Airborne Unit of the special police</a> was ferried by helicopters from Zagreb as reinforcements. Knin police inspector <a href="/wiki/Milan_Marti%C4%87" title="Milan Martić">Milan Martić</a> deployed Knin police against the Croatian forces, and mobilized police reservists in the area to fell trees and block road access to the town, earning the event the moniker <a href="/wiki/Log_Revolution" title="Log Revolution">Log Revolution</a>. The JNA deployed <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Air_Force" title="Yugoslav Air Force">Yugoslav Air Force</a> jets to intercept the helicopters and Croatian authorities backed down. The SNC referendum went ahead and produced support for an "independent status" of Croatian Serbs. Babić consolidated power over the region, which soon became the <a href="/wiki/SAO_Krajina" title="SAO Krajina">Serbian Autonomous Oblast Krajina</a> (SAO Krajina). As SAO Krajina gradually consolidated and expanded areas under its control, armed clashes in <a href="/wiki/Pakrac_clash" title="Pakrac clash">Pakrac</a> and <a href="/wiki/Plitvice_Lakes_incident" title="Plitvice Lakes incident">Plitvice Lakes</a> ensued by March and April 1991, sparking the <a href="/wiki/Croatian_War_of_Independence" title="Croatian War of Independence">Croatian War of Independence</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECIA200290_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECIA200290-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By that time, 28 of the 37 ethnic Serb members of the Croatian parliament, including all five SDS representatives, had left the parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECaspersen201055_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECaspersen201055-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990_Croatian_parliamentary_election&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudimir201181–82-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudimir201181–82_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBudimir2011">Budimir 2011</a>, pp. 81–82.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPickeringBaskin2008525-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPickeringBaskin2008525_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPickeringBaskin2008525_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPickeringBaskin2008">Pickering & Baskin 2008</a>, p. 525.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudimir201181-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudimir201181_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBudimir2011">Budimir 2011</a>, p. 81.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunatov2010391-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunatov2010391_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDunatov2010">Dunatov 2010</a>, p. 391.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudimir2011note_6-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudimir2011note_6_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBudimir2011">Budimir 2011</a>, note 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoodward1995117–118-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoodward1995117–118_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoodward1995117–118_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWoodward1995">Woodward 1995</a>, pp. 117–118.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHayden201326-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHayden201326_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHayden201326_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHayden2013">Hayden 2013</a>, p. 26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBakkePeters2011195-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBakkePeters2011195_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBakkePeters2011">Bakke & Peters 2011</a>, p. 195.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudimir201185-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudimir201185_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudimir201185_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudimir201185_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBudimir2011">Budimir 2011</a>, p. 85.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlemenčić199198-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlemenčić199198_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKlemenčić1991">Klemenčić 1991</a>, p. 98.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlemenčić199198–100-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlemenčić199198–100_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKlemenčić1991">Klemenčić 1991</a>, pp. 98–100.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerglund2013479-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerglund2013479_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBerglund2013">Berglund 2013</a>, p. 479.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPodolnjak2008336-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPodolnjak2008336_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPodolnjak2008">Podolnjak 2008</a>, p. 336.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006356-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006356_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006356_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006356_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006356_14-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRamet2006">Ramet 2006</a>, p. 356.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudimir201183-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudimir201183_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudimir201183_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBudimir2011">Budimir 2011</a>, p. 83.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudimir201184-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudimir201184_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBudimir2011">Budimir 2011</a>, p. 84.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPauković200815-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPauković200815_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPauković200815_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPauković200815_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPauković2008">Pauković 2008</a>, p. 15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPauković200816-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPauković200816_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPauković200816_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPauković200816_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPauković200816_18-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPauković2008">Pauković 2008</a>, p. 16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudimir201186-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudimir201186_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudimir201186_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBudimir2011">Budimir 2011</a>, p. 86.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudimir201182-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudimir201182_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBudimir2011">Budimir 2011</a>, p. 82.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEconomist6_January_1990-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEconomist6_January_1990_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEconomist6_January_1990">Economist & 6 January 1990</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPauković200817-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPauković200817_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPauković200817_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPauković200817_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPauković2008">Pauković 2008</a>, p. 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESanderson_King199216-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESanderson_King199216_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSanderson_King1992">Sanderson King 1992</a>, p. 16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESøberg200732-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESøberg200732_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSøberg2007">Søberg 2007</a>, p. 32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGagnon2006135-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGagnon2006135_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGagnon2006">Gagnon 2006</a>, p. 135.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPickeringBaskin2008528-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPickeringBaskin2008528_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPickeringBaskin2008528_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPickeringBaskin2008">Pickering & Baskin 2008</a>, p. 528.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPauković200817–18-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPauković200817–18_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPauković2008">Pauković 2008</a>, pp. 17–18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPauković200818-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPauković200818_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPauković200818_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPauković2008">Pauković 2008</a>, p. 18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPauković200819-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPauković200819_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPauković200819_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPauković200819_29-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPauković2008">Pauković 2008</a>, p. 19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPauković200820-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPauković200820_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPauković2008">Pauković 2008</a>, p. 20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPauković200821-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPauković200821_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPauković2008">Pauković 2008</a>, p. 21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPauković200825-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPauković200825_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPauković2008">Pauković 2008</a>, p. 25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPauković200825–26-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPauković200825–26_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPauković2008">Pauković 2008</a>, pp. 25–26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPauković200829-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPauković200829_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPauković2008">Pauković 2008</a>, p. 29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDIP1990_(a)12-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDIP1990_(a)12_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDIP1990_(a)">DIP & 1990 (a)</a>, p. 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDIP1990_(a)3-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDIP1990_(a)3_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDIP1990_(a)3_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDIP1990_(a)3_36-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDIP1990_(a)">DIP & 1990 (a)</a>, p. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudimir2011note_35-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudimir2011note_35_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBudimir2011">Budimir 2011</a>, note 35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudimir2011note_36-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudimir2011note_36_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBudimir2011">Budimir 2011</a>, note 36.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDIP1990_(b)1-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDIP1990_(b)1_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDIP1990_(b)1_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDIP1990_(b)">DIP & 1990 (b)</a>, p. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlemenčić1991103-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlemenčić1991103_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKlemenčić1991">Klemenčić 1991</a>, p. 103.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDIP1990_(a)1,_3,_12-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDIP1990_(a)1,_3,_12_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDIP1990_(a)">DIP & 1990 (a)</a>, pp. 1, 3, 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudimir2011note_28-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudimir2011note_28_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBudimir2011">Budimir 2011</a>, note 28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoare2010117-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoare2010117_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHoare2010">Hoare 2010</a>, p. 117.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBideleuxJeffries2007198-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBideleuxJeffries2007198_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBideleuxJeffries2007">Bideleux & Jeffries 2007</a>, p. 198.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECIA200295-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECIA200295_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCIA2002">CIA 2002</a>, p. 95.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrigović2011444-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrigović2011444_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrigović2011">Brigović 2011</a>, p. 444.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBideleuxJeffries2007197-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBideleuxJeffries2007197_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBideleuxJeffries2007197_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBideleuxJeffries2007197_47-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBideleuxJeffries2007">Bideleux & Jeffries 2007</a>, p. 197.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudimir201190-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudimir201190_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBudimir2011">Budimir 2011</a>, p. 90.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoodward1995143-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoodward1995143_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWoodward1995">Woodward 1995</a>, p. 143.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudimir201193-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudimir201193_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBudimir2011">Budimir 2011</a>, p. 93.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBraniff201143-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBraniff201143_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBraniff2011">Braniff 2011</a>, p. 43.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeilStahl201469–70-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeilStahl201469–70_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKeilStahl2014">Keil & Stahl 2014</a>, pp. 69–70.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENazor200735-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENazor200735_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNazor2007">Nazor 2007</a>, p. 35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELeutloff-Grandits2006112-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeutloff-Grandits2006112_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLeutloff-Grandits2006">Leutloff-Grandits 2006</a>, p. 112.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECIA200284-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECIA200284_55-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECIA200284_55-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECIA200284_55-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCIA2002">CIA 2002</a>, p. 84.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECaspersen201057-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECaspersen201057_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCaspersen2010">Caspersen 2010</a>, p. 57.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGagnon2006147-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGagnon2006147_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGagnon2006">Gagnon 2006</a>, p. 147.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENazor200736-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENazor200736_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNazor2007">Nazor 2007</a>, p. 36.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECIA200290-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECIA200290_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCIA2002">CIA 2002</a>, p. 90.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECaspersen201055-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECaspersen201055_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCaspersen2010">Caspersen 2010</a>, p. 55.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990_Croatian_parliamentary_election&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Books</b> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 60em"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBakkePeters2011" class="citation book cs1">Bakke, Elisabeth; Peters, Ingo (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sxxcBAAAQBAJ"><i>20 Years since the Fall of the Berlin Wall: Transitions, State Break-Up and Democratic Politics in Central Europe and Germany</i></a>. Berlin, Germany: BWV Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783830527022" title="Special:BookSources/9783830527022"><bdi>9783830527022</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=20+Years+since+the+Fall+of+the+Berlin+Wall%3A+Transitions%2C+State+Break-Up+and+Democratic+Politics+in+Central+Europe+and+Germany&rft.place=Berlin%2C+Germany&rft.pub=BWV+Verlag&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9783830527022&rft.aulast=Bakke&rft.aufirst=Elisabeth&rft.au=Peters%2C+Ingo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsxxcBAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990+Croatian+parliamentary+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBraniff2011" class="citation book cs1">Braniff, Máire (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=csdKTAwQuBUC"><i>Integrating the Balkans: Conflict Resolution and the Impact of EU Expansion</i></a>. London, England: <a href="/wiki/I.B.Tauris" class="mw-redirect" title="I.B.Tauris">I.B.Tauris</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781848856691" title="Special:BookSources/9781848856691"><bdi>9781848856691</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Integrating+the+Balkans%3A+Conflict+Resolution+and+the+Impact+of+EU+Expansion&rft.place=London%2C+England&rft.pub=I.B.Tauris&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9781848856691&rft.aulast=Braniff&rft.aufirst=M%C3%A1ire&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcsdKTAwQuBUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990+Croatian+parliamentary+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerglund2013" class="citation book cs1">Berglund, Sten (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hmtuqFnuDZwC"><i>The Handbook of Political Change in Eastern Europe</i></a>. Cheltenham, England: <a href="/wiki/Edward_Elgar_Publishing" title="Edward Elgar Publishing">Edward Elgar Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781782545880" title="Special:BookSources/9781782545880"><bdi>9781782545880</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Handbook+of+Political+Change+in+Eastern+Europe&rft.place=Cheltenham%2C+England&rft.pub=Edward+Elgar+Publishing&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781782545880&rft.aulast=Berglund&rft.aufirst=Sten&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhmtuqFnuDZwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990+Croatian+parliamentary+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBideleuxJeffries2007" class="citation book cs1">Bideleux, Robert; Jeffries, Ian (2007). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/balkanspostcommu0000bide"><i>The Balkans: A Post-Communist History</i></a></span>. London, England: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781134583287" title="Special:BookSources/9781134583287"><bdi>9781134583287</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Balkans%3A+A+Post-Communist+History&rft.place=London%2C+England&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9781134583287&rft.aulast=Bideleux&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.au=Jeffries%2C+Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbalkanspostcommu0000bide&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990+Croatian+parliamentary+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaspersen2010" class="citation book cs1">Caspersen, Nina (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UtYcqAF1EegC"><i>Contested Nationalism: Serb Elite Rivalry in Croatia and Bosnia in the 1990s</i></a>. New York City: <a href="/wiki/Berghahn_Books" title="Berghahn Books">Berghahn Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781845457914" title="Special:BookSources/9781845457914"><bdi>9781845457914</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Contested+Nationalism%3A+Serb+Elite+Rivalry+in+Croatia+and+Bosnia+in+the+1990s&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=Berghahn+Books&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9781845457914&rft.aulast=Caspersen&rft.aufirst=Nina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUtYcqAF1EegC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990+Croatian+parliamentary+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCIA2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>, Office of Russian and European Analysis (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=it1IAQAAIAAJ"><i>Balkan Battlegrounds: A Military History of the Yugoslav Conflict, 1990–1995</i></a>. Washington, D.C.: Central Intelligence Agency. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780160664724" title="Special:BookSources/9780160664724"><bdi>9780160664724</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/50396958">50396958</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Balkan+Battlegrounds%3A+A+Military+History+of+the+Yugoslav+Conflict%2C+1990%E2%80%931995&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=Central+Intelligence+Agency&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F50396958&rft.isbn=9780160664724&rft.au=Central+Intelligence+Agency%2C+Office+of+Russian+and+European+Analysis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dit1IAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990+Croatian+parliamentary+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGagnon2006" class="citation book cs1">Gagnon, Jr., V. P. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6vbz_WMRiwEC"><i>The Myth of Ethnic War: Serbia and Croatia in the 1990s</i></a>. Ithaca, New York: <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University_Press" title="Cornell University Press">Cornell University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780801472916" title="Special:BookSources/9780801472916"><bdi>9780801472916</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Myth+of+Ethnic+War%3A+Serbia+and+Croatia+in+the+1990s&rft.place=Ithaca%2C+New+York&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780801472916&rft.aulast=Gagnon&rft.aufirst=Jr.%2C+V.+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6vbz_WMRiwEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990+Croatian+parliamentary+election" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHayden2013" class="citation book cs1">Hayden, Robert (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MpAt0jzaHAgC"><i>From Yugoslavia to the Western Balkans: Studies of a European Disunion, 1991–2011</i></a>. Leiden, Netherlands: <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill Publishers</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-24190-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-24190-9"><bdi>978-90-04-24190-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Yugoslavia+to+the+Western+Balkans%3A+Studies+of+a+European+Disunion%2C+1991%E2%80%932011&rft.place=Leiden%2C+Netherlands&rft.pub=Brill+Publishers&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-90-04-24190-9&rft.aulast=Hayden&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMpAt0jzaHAgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990+Croatian+parliamentary+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoare2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Marko_Attila_Hoare" title="Marko Attila Hoare">Hoare, Marko Attila</a> (2010). "The War of Yugoslav Succession". In Ramet, Sabrina P. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oFXdiS25N78C"><i>Central and Southeast European Politics Since 1989</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a>, England: Cambridge University Press. pp. 111–136. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-139-48750-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-139-48750-4"><bdi>978-1-139-48750-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+War+of+Yugoslav+Succession&rft.btitle=Central+and+Southeast+European+Politics+Since+1989&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+England&rft.pages=111-136&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-139-48750-4&rft.aulast=Hoare&rft.aufirst=Marko+Attila&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoFXdiS25N78C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990+Croatian+parliamentary+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeilStahl2014" class="citation book cs1">Keil, Soeren; Stahl, Bernhard (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=r8EaBgAAQBAJ"><i>The Foreign Policies of Post-Yugoslav States: From Yugoslavia to Europe</i></a>. Basingstoke, England: <a href="/wiki/Palgrave_Macmillan" title="Palgrave Macmillan">Palgrave Macmillan</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781137384133" title="Special:BookSources/9781137384133"><bdi>9781137384133</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Foreign+Policies+of+Post-Yugoslav+States%3A+From+Yugoslavia+to+Europe&rft.place=Basingstoke%2C+England&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781137384133&rft.aulast=Keil&rft.aufirst=Soeren&rft.au=Stahl%2C+Bernhard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dr8EaBgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990+Croatian+parliamentary+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeutloff-Grandits2006" class="citation book cs1">Leutloff-Grandits, Carolin (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QfK3q9vSeOMC"><i>Claiming Ownership in Postwar Croatia: The Dynamics of Property Relations and Ethnic Conflict in the Knin Region</i></a>. Münster, Germany: <a href="/wiki/LIT_Verlag" title="LIT Verlag">LIT Verlag</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783825880491" title="Special:BookSources/9783825880491"><bdi>9783825880491</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Claiming+Ownership+in+Postwar+Croatia%3A+The+Dynamics+of+Property+Relations+and+Ethnic+Conflict+in+the+Knin+Region&rft.place=M%C3%BCnster%2C+Germany&rft.pub=LIT+Verlag&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9783825880491&rft.aulast=Leutloff-Grandits&rft.aufirst=Carolin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQfK3q9vSeOMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990+Croatian+parliamentary+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNazor2007" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Nazor, Ante (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rPcVAQAAMAAJ"><i>Počeci suvremene hrvatske države: kronologija procesa osamostaljenja Republike Hrvatske: od Memoranduma SANU 1986. do proglašenja neovisnosti 8. listopada 1991</i></a> [<i>Beginnings of the Modern Croatian State: A Chronology of the Independence of the Republic of Croatia: from 1986 SANU Memorandum to the Declaration of Independence on 8 October 1991</i>] (in Croatian). Zagreb, Croatia: Croatian Homeland War Memorial Documentation Centre. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-953-7439-01-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-953-7439-01-9"><bdi>978-953-7439-01-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Po%C4%8Deci+suvremene+hrvatske+dr%C5%BEave%3A+kronologija+procesa+osamostaljenja+Republike+Hrvatske%3A+od+Memoranduma+SANU+1986.+do+progla%C5%A1enja+neovisnosti+8.+listopada+1991&rft.place=Zagreb%2C+Croatia&rft.pub=Croatian+Homeland+War+Memorial+Documentation+Centre&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-953-7439-01-9&rft.aulast=Nazor&rft.aufirst=Ante&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrPcVAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990+Croatian+parliamentary+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRamet2006" class="citation book cs1">Ramet, Sabrina P. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FTw3lEqi2-oC"><i>The Three Yugoslavias: State-Building And Legitimation, 1918–2006</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Bloomington,_Indiana" title="Bloomington, Indiana">Bloomington, Indiana</a>: <a href="/wiki/Indiana_University_Press" title="Indiana University Press">Indiana University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-34656-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-34656-8"><bdi>978-0-253-34656-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Three+Yugoslavias%3A+State-Building+And+Legitimation%2C+1918%E2%80%932006&rft.place=Bloomington%2C+Indiana&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-253-34656-8&rft.aulast=Ramet&rft.aufirst=Sabrina+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFTw3lEqi2-oC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990+Croatian+parliamentary+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSanderson_King1992" class="citation book cs1">Sanderson King, Sarah (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WIKbBPibckEC"><i>Political Communication: Engineering Visions of Order in the Socialist World</i></a>. Albany, New York: <a href="/wiki/State_University_of_New_York_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="State University of New York Press">State University of New York Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780791412015" title="Special:BookSources/9780791412015"><bdi>9780791412015</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+Communication%3A+Engineering+Visions+of+Order+in+the+Socialist+World&rft.place=Albany%2C+New+York&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=9780791412015&rft.aulast=Sanderson+King&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWIKbBPibckEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990+Croatian+parliamentary+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSøberg2007" class="citation book cs1">Søberg, Marius (2007). "Croatia Since 1989". In Ramet, Sabrina P.; Matić, Davorka (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LIAOo5oYThUC"><i>Democratic Transition in Croatia: Value Transformation, Education & Media</i></a>. College Station, Texas: <a href="/wiki/Texas_A%26M_University_Press" title="Texas A&M University Press">Texas A&M University Press</a>. pp. 31–62. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58544-587-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58544-587-5"><bdi>978-1-58544-587-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Croatia+Since+1989&rft.btitle=Democratic+Transition+in+Croatia%3A+Value+Transformation%2C+Education+%26+Media&rft.place=College+Station%2C+Texas&rft.pages=31-62&rft.pub=Texas+A%26M+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-58544-587-5&rft.aulast=S%C3%B8berg&rft.aufirst=Marius&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLIAOo5oYThUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990+Croatian+parliamentary+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoodward1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Susan_L._Woodward" title="Susan L. Woodward">Woodward, Susan L.</a> (1995). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/balkantragedycha00wood"><i>Balkan Tragedy: Chaos and Dissolution after the Cold War</i></a></span>. Washington, D.C.: <a href="/wiki/Brookings_Institution_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Brookings Institution Press">Brookings Institution Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780815722953" title="Special:BookSources/9780815722953"><bdi>9780815722953</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Balkan+Tragedy%3A+Chaos+and+Dissolution+after+the+Cold+War&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=Brookings+Institution+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=9780815722953&rft.aulast=Woodward&rft.aufirst=Susan+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbalkantragedycha00wood&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990+Croatian+parliamentary+election" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <p><b>Scientific journal articles</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 60em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrigović2011" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Brigović, Ivan (October 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=109849">"Odlazak Jugoslavenske narodne armije s područja Zadra, Šibenika i Splita krajem 1991. i početkom 1992. godine"</a> [Departure of the Yugoslav People's Army from the area of Zadar, Šibenik and Split in late 1991 and early 1992]. <i>Journal of Contemporary History</i> (in Croatian). <b>43</b> (2). Zagreb, Croatia: Croatian Institute of History: 415–452. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0590-9597">0590-9597</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Contemporary+History&rft.atitle=Odlazak+Jugoslavenske+narodne+armije+s+podru%C4%8Dja+Zadra%2C+%C5%A0ibenika+i+Splita+krajem+1991.+i+po%C4%8Detkom+1992.+godine&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=415-452&rft.date=2011-10&rft.issn=0590-9597&rft.aulast=Brigovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Ivan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhrcak.srce.hr%2Findex.php%3Fshow%3Dclanak%26id_clanak_jezik%3D109849&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990+Croatian+parliamentary+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBudimir2011" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Budimir, Davorka (January 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hrcak.srce.hr/64016">"Hrvatska politička elita na početku demokratske tranzicije"</a> [The Croatian Political Elite at the Beginning of the Democratic Transition]. <i>Anali Hrvatskog politološkog društva</i> (in Croatian). <b>7</b> (1). Zagreb, Croatia: Croatian Politological Society: 73–97. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1845-6707">1845-6707</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Anali+Hrvatskog+politolo%C5%A1kog+dru%C5%A1tva&rft.atitle=Hrvatska+politi%C4%8Dka+elita+na+po%C4%8Detku+demokratske+tranzicije&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=73-97&rft.date=2011-01&rft.issn=1845-6707&rft.aulast=Budimir&rft.aufirst=Davorka&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhrcak.srce.hr%2F64016&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990+Croatian+parliamentary+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunatov2010" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Dunatov, Šime (December 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=95848">"Začetci višestranačja u Hrvatskoj 1989. godine"</a> [The Origins of the Multi-Party System in Croatia in 1989]. <i>Radovi Zavoda Za Povijesne Znanosti HAZU U Zadru</i> (in Croatian) (52). Zagreb, Croatia: Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts: 381–397. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1330-0474">1330-0474</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radovi+Zavoda+Za+Povijesne+Znanosti+HAZU+U+Zadru&rft.atitle=Za%C4%8Detci+vi%C5%A1estrana%C4%8Dja+u+Hrvatskoj+1989.+godine&rft.issue=52&rft.pages=381-397&rft.date=2010-12&rft.issn=1330-0474&rft.aulast=Dunatov&rft.aufirst=%C5%A0ime&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhrcak.srce.hr%2Findex.php%3Fshow%3Dclanak%26id_clanak_jezik%3D95848&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990+Croatian+parliamentary+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlemenčić1991" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Klemenčić, Mladen (December 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=106755">"Izbori u Hrvatskoj 1990 – elektoralnogeografska analiza odabranih primjera"</a> [Elections in Croatia 1990 – Electoral-Geographic Analysis of Selected Examples]. <i>Hrvatski geografski glasnik</i> (in Croatian). <b>53</b> (1). Zagreb, Croatia: Croatian Geographic Society: 95–108. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1331-5854">1331-5854</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hrvatski+geografski+glasnik&rft.atitle=Izbori+u+Hrvatskoj+1990+%E2%80%93+elektoralnogeografska+analiza+odabranih+primjera&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=95-108&rft.date=1991-12&rft.issn=1331-5854&rft.aulast=Klemen%C4%8Di%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Mladen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhrcak.srce.hr%2Findex.php%3Fshow%3Dclanak%26id_clanak_jezik%3D106755&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990+Croatian+parliamentary+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPauković2008" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Pauković, Davor (June 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hrcak.srce.hr/27102">"Predizborna kampanja u Hrvatskoj 1990. u svjetlu hrvatskog i srpskog novinstva"</a> [The Election Campaign of 1990 in Croatia in the Light of Croatian and Serbian Journalism]. <i>Časopis za suvremenu povijest</i> (in Croatian). <b>40</b> (1). Zagreb, Croatia: Croatian Institute of History: 13–30. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0590-9597">0590-9597</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%C4%8Casopis+za+suvremenu+povijest&rft.atitle=Predizborna+kampanja+u+Hrvatskoj+1990.+u+svjetlu+hrvatskog+i+srpskog+novinstva&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=13-30&rft.date=2008-06&rft.issn=0590-9597&rft.aulast=Paukovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Davor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhrcak.srce.hr%2F27102&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990+Croatian+parliamentary+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPickeringBaskin2008" class="citation journal cs1">Pickering, Paula M.; Baskin, Mark (December 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pmpick.people.wm.edu/research/PublishedCroatiaCommunistSuccessorsJSSC373.pdf">"What is to be done? Succession from the League of Communists of Croatia"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Communist and Post-Communist Studies</i>. <b>41</b> (4). Amsterdam, Netherlands: <a href="/wiki/Elsevier" title="Elsevier">Elsevier</a>: 521–540. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.postcomstud.2008.09.001">10.1016/j.postcomstud.2008.09.001</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0967-067X">0967-067X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Communist+and+Post-Communist+Studies&rft.atitle=What+is+to+be+done%3F+Succession+from+the+League+of+Communists+of+Croatia&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=521-540&rft.date=2008-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.postcomstud.2008.09.001&rft.issn=0967-067X&rft.aulast=Pickering&rft.aufirst=Paula+M.&rft.au=Baskin%2C+Mark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpmpick.people.wm.edu%2Fresearch%2FPublishedCroatiaCommunistSuccessorsJSSC373.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990+Croatian+parliamentary+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPodolnjak2008" class="citation journal cs1">Podolnjak, Robert (September 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=49607">"Hrvatsko izborno zakonodavstvo: moguće i nužne promjene"</a> [Croatian Electoral Legislation: Possible and Needful Changes]. <i>Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta u Splitu</i>. <b>45</b> (2). Split, Croatia: University of Split, Faculty of Law: 305–343. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0584-9063">0584-9063</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zbornik+radova+Pravnog+fakulteta+u+Splitu&rft.atitle=Hrvatsko+izborno+zakonodavstvo%3A+mogu%C4%87e+i+nu%C5%BEne+promjene&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=305-343&rft.date=2008-09&rft.issn=0584-9063&rft.aulast=Podolnjak&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhrcak.srce.hr%2Findex.php%3Fshow%3Dclanak%26id_clanak_jezik%3D49607&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990+Croatian+parliamentary+election" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <p><b>News reports</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 60em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEconomist6_January_1990" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924164152/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-8271341.html">"The East's year of the ballot"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a></i>. London, England. 6 January 1990. Archived from <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-8271341.html">the original</a></span> on 24 September 2015 – via Highbeam Research.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=The+East%27s+year+of+the+ballot&rft.date=1990-01-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.highbeam.com%2Fdoc%2F1G1-8271341.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990+Croatian+parliamentary+election" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <p><b>Other sources</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 60em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDIP1990_(a)" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150514021334/http://www.izbori.hr/arhiva/pdf/1990/1990_2_1_Sabor_Statistika_Stat_podaci.pdf">"Statistički pokazatelji o provedenim izborima za zastupnike u Sabor Socijalističke Republike Hrvatske - Prilog"</a> [Statistical Indicators on Performed Elections of Representatives in the Parliament of the Socialist Republic of Croatia - Annex] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Croatian). Zagreb, Croatia: Croatian State Electoral Committee. 1990. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.izbori.hr/arhiva/pdf/1990/1990_2_1_Sabor_Statistika_Stat_podaci.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2015-05-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-04-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statisti%C4%8Dki+pokazatelji+o+provedenim+izborima+za+zastupnike+u+Sabor+Socijalisti%C4%8Dke+Republike+Hrvatske+-+Prilog&rft.place=Zagreb%2C+Croatia&rft.pub=Croatian+State+Electoral+Committee&rft.date=1990&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.izbori.hr%2Farhiva%2Fpdf%2F1990%2F1990_2_1_Sabor_Statistika_Stat_podaci.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990+Croatian+parliamentary+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDIP1990_(b)" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150514022331/http://www.izbori.hr/arhiva/pdf/1990/1990_2_2_Sabor_Statistika_Stat_podaci_2krug.pdf">"Statistički pokazatelji o provedenim izborima za zastupnike u Sabor Socijalističke Republike Hrvatske - Prilog (2. dio)"</a> [Statistical Indicators on Performed Elections of Representatives in the Parliament of the Socialist Republic of Croatia - Annex (part 2)] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Croatian). Zagreb, Croatia: Croatian State Electoral Committee. 1990. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.izbori.hr/arhiva/pdf/1990/1990_2_2_Sabor_Statistika_Stat_podaci_2krug.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2015-05-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-04-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statisti%C4%8Dki+pokazatelji+o+provedenim+izborima+za+zastupnike+u+Sabor+Socijalisti%C4%8Dke+Republike+Hrvatske+-+Prilog+%282.+dio%29&rft.place=Zagreb%2C+Croatia&rft.pub=Croatian+State+Electoral+Committee&rft.date=1990&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.izbori.hr%2Farhiva%2Fpdf%2F1990%2F1990_2_2_Sabor_Statistika_Stat_podaci_2krug.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990+Croatian+parliamentary+election" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output 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.navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Croatian_elections" title="Template:Croatian elections"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Croatian_elections" title="Template talk:Croatian elections"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Croatian_elections" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Croatian elections"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Croatia&#124;link=Croatia_Elections_and_referendums_in_Croatia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia"><img alt="Croatia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Croatia" title="Elections in Croatia">Elections and referendums in Croatia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Parliament" title="Croatian Parliament">Parliamentary elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Croatian_parliamentary_election" title="1992 Croatian parliamentary election">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_Croatian_parliamentary_election" title="1995 Croatian parliamentary election">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Croatian_parliamentary_election" title="2000 Croatian parliamentary election">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Croatian_parliamentary_election" title="2003 Croatian parliamentary election">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Croatian_parliamentary_election" title="2007 Croatian parliamentary election">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Croatian_parliamentary_election" title="2011 Croatian parliamentary election">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Croatian_parliamentary_election" title="2015 Croatian parliamentary election">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Croatian_parliamentary_election" title="2016 Croatian parliamentary election">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Croatian_parliamentary_election" title="2020 Croatian parliamentary election">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Croatian_parliamentary_election" title="2024 Croatian parliamentary election">2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Next_Croatian_parliamentary_election" title="Next Croatian parliamentary election"><i>Next</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/President_of_Croatia" title="President of Croatia">Presidential elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1992_Croatian_presidential_election" title="1992 Croatian presidential election">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Croatian_presidential_election" title="1997 Croatian presidential election">1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Croatian_presidential_election" title="2000 Croatian presidential election">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Croatian_presidential_election" title="2005 Croatian presidential election">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009%E2%80%9310_Croatian_presidential_election" title="2009–10 Croatian presidential election">2009–10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014%E2%80%9315_Croatian_presidential_election" title="2014–15 Croatian presidential election">2014–15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_Croatian_presidential_election" title="2019–20 Croatian presidential election">2019–20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Croatian_presidential_election" title="2024 Croatian presidential election"><i>2024</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2013_European_Parliament_election_in_Croatia" title="2013 European Parliament election in Croatia">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Croatia" title="2014 European Parliament election in Croatia">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Croatia" title="2019 European Parliament election in Croatia">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Croatia" title="2024 European Parliament election in Croatia">2024</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Counties" class="mw-redirect" title="Chamber of Counties">Chamber of Counties</a> elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1993_Croatian_Chamber_of_Counties_election" title="1993 Croatian Chamber of Counties election">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Croatian_Chamber_of_Counties_election" title="1997 Croatian Chamber of Counties election">1997</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Local elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990_Croatian_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1990 Croatian local elections (page does not exist)">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Croatian_local_elections" title="1993 Croatian local elections">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Croatian_local_elections" title="1997 Croatian local elections">1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_Croatian_local_elections" title="2001 Croatian local elections">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Croatian_local_elections" title="2005 Croatian local elections">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Croatian_local_elections" title="2009 Croatian local elections">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Croatian_local_elections" title="2013 Croatian local elections">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Croatian_local_elections" title="2017 Croatian local elections">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Croatian_local_elections" title="2021 Croatian local elections">2021</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minorities elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2003_Croatian_national_minorities_councils_and_representatives_elections" title="2003 Croatian national minorities councils and representatives elections">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2007_Croatian_national_minorities_councils_and_representatives_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2007 Croatian national minorities councils and representatives elections (page does not exist)">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2011_Croatian_national_minorities_councils_and_representatives_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2011 Croatian national minorities councils and representatives elections (page does not exist)">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Croatian_national_minorities_councils_and_representatives_elections" title="2015 Croatian national minorities councils and representatives elections">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Croatian_national_minorities_councils_and_representatives_elections" title="2019 Croatian national minorities councils and representatives elections">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Croatian_national_minorities_councils_and_representatives_elections" title="2023 Croatian national minorities councils and representatives elections">2023</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Referendums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1991_Croatian_independence_referendum" title="1991 Croatian independence referendum">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Croatian_local_advisory_referendums" title="1996 Croatian local advisory referendums">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Croatian_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="2012 Croatian European Union membership referendum">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Croatian_constitutional_referendum" title="2013 Croatian constitutional referendum">2013</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dd>See also: Elections in <a href="/wiki/Template:Elections_in_Austria-Hungary" title="Template:Elections in Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Yugoslav_elections" title="Template:Yugoslav elections">Yugoslavia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Elections_in_Zagreb" title="Template:Elections in Zagreb">Zagreb</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Elections_in_Split" title="Template:Elections in Split">Split</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Elections_in_Osijek" title="Template:Elections in Osijek">Osijek</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Franjo_Tuđman" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Franjo_Tu%C4%91man" title="Template:Franjo Tuđman"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Franjo_Tu%C4%91man" title="Template talk:Franjo Tuđman"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Franjo_Tu%C4%91man" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Franjo Tuđman"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Franjo_Tuđman" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Franjo_Tu%C4%91man" title="Franjo Tuđman">Franjo Tuđman</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Croatia" title="List of presidents of Croatia">1st</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_Croatia" title="President of Croatia">President of Croatia</a> (1990–1999)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Presidency_of_the_Republic_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Presidency of the Republic of Croatia">President of the Presidency of the Republic of Croatia</a> (1990)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Presidency_of_the_Socialist_Republic_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Presidency of the Socialist Republic of Croatia">President of the Presidency of the Socialist Republic of Croatia</a> (1990)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_chairpersons_of_the_Croatian_Democratic_Union" title="List of chairpersons of the Croatian Democratic Union">1st President of the Croatian Democratic Union</a> (1989–1990)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidency</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Milo%C5%A1evi%C4%87%E2%80%93Tu%C4%91man_Kara%C4%91or%C4%91evo_meeting" title="Milošević–Tuđman Karađorđevo meeting">Milošević–Tuđman Karađorđevo meeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brioni_Agreement" title="Brioni Agreement">Brioni Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_of_Croatia" title="Independence of Croatia">Independence of Croatia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_War_of_Independence" title="Croatian War of Independence">Croatian War of Independence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1991_Croatian_independence_referendum" title="1991 Croatian independence referendum">1991 Croatian independence referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_the_Banski_Dvori" title="Bombing of the Banski Dvori">Bombing of the Banski Dvori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vance_plan" title="Vance plan">Vance plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Split_Agreement" title="Split Agreement">Split Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Storm" title="Operation Storm">Operation Storm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erdut_Agreement" title="Erdut Agreement">Erdut Agreement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croat%E2%80%93Bosniak_War" title="Croat–Bosniak War">Croat–Bosniak War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agreement_on_Friendship_and_Cooperation_between_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_and_Croatia" title="Agreement on Friendship and Cooperation between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia">Agreement on Friendship and Cooperation between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Agreement_(1994)" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Agreement (1994)">Washington Agreement</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zagreb_crisis" title="Zagreb crisis">Zagreb crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayton_Agreement" title="Dayton Agreement">Dayton Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaties_between_the_Republic_of_Croatia_and_the_Holy_See" title="Treaties between the Republic of Croatia and the Holy See">Treaties between the Republic of Croatia and the Holy See</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Franjo_Tudjman_1995.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Franjo_Tudjman_1995.jpg/120px-Franjo_Tudjman_1995.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Franjo_Tudjman_1995.jpg/180px-Franjo_Tudjman_1995.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Franjo_Tudjman_1995.jpg/240px-Franjo_Tudjman_1995.jpg 2x" data-file-width="773" data-file-height="1229" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Parliamentary <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1990</a></li></ul></li> <li>Presidential <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1992_Croatian_presidential_election" title="1992 Croatian presidential election">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Croatian_presidential_election" title="1997 Croatian presidential election">1997</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ankica_Tu%C4%91man" title="Ankica Tuđman">Ankica Tuđman</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miroslav_Tu%C4%91man" title="Miroslav Tuđman">Miroslav Tuđman</a> (son)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Veliko_Trgovi%C5%A1%C4%87e" title="Veliko Trgovišće">Veliko Trgovišće</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Democratic_Union" title="Croatian Democratic Union">Croatian Democratic Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Spring" title="Croatian Spring">Croatian Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Croatia" title="Greater Croatia">Greater Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Gotovina_et_al." title="Trial of Gotovina et al.">Trial of Gotovina et al.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_named_after_Franjo_Tu%C4%91man" title="List of places named after Franjo Tuđman">Places named after Franjo Tuđman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zagreb_Airport" title="Zagreb Airport">Zagreb Airport</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Franjo_Tu%C4%91man" title="Category:Franjo Tuđman">Category:Franjo Tuđman</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1990_Croatian_parliamentary_election&oldid=1255812137">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1990_Croatian_parliamentary_election&oldid=1255812137</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1990_elections_in_Yugoslavia" title="Category:1990 elections in Yugoslavia">1990 elections in 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