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Boniface IX — Wikipédia

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<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_et_références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Notes et références</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_et_références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voir_aussi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voir_aussi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Voir aussi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Voir aussi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliographie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliographie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Bibliographie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliographie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liens_externes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liens_externes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Liens externes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liens_externes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="nowrap">Boniface <abbr class="abbr " title="9"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IX</span></abbr></span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 67 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-67" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">67 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pous_Bonifatius_IX" title="Pous Bonifatius IX – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Pous Bonifatius IX" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B9" title="بونيفاس التاسع – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بونيفاس التاسع" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B9" title="بونيفاس التاسع – arabe égyptien" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بونيفاس التاسع" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabe égyptien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%B9_IX" title="Баніфацый IX – biélorusse" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Баніфацый IX" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="biélorusse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9_IX" title="Бонифаций IX – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бонифаций IX" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonifas_IX" title="Bonifas IX – breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bonifas IX" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papa_Bonifaci_IX" title="Papa Bonifaci IX – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Papa Bonifaci IX" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A1u-hu%C3%B2ng_Bonifacius_9-si%C3%A9" title="Gáu-huòng Bonifacius 9-sié – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Gáu-huòng Bonifacius 9-sié" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonif%C3%A1c_IX." title="Bonifác IX. – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bonifác IX." data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pab_Boniffas_IX" title="Pab Boniffas IX – gallois" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Pab Boniffas IX" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pave_Bonifatius_9." title="Pave Bonifatius 9. – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Pave Bonifatius 9." data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonifatius_IX." title="Bonifatius IX. – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bonifatius IX." data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonifatius_IX" title="Bonifatius IX – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Bonifatius IX" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%AC%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%82_%CE%92%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%86%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%98%CE%84" title="Πάπας Βονιφάτιος Θ΄ – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πάπας Βονιφάτιος Θ΄" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Boniface_IX" title="Pope Boniface IX – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Pope Boniface IX" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonifaco_la_9-a" title="Bonifaco la 9-a – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Bonifaco la 9-a" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonifacio_IX" title="Bonifacio IX – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bonifacio IX" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonifatius_IX" title="Bonifatius IX – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Bonifatius IX" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonifazio_IX.a" title="Bonifazio IX.a – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bonifazio IX.a" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D9%86%D9%87%D9%85" title="بونیفاس نهم – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بونیفاس نهم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonifatius_IX" title="Bonifatius IX – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Bonifatius IX" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1pa_Bonifatius_IX" title="Pápa Bonifatius IX – irlandais" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Pápa Bonifatius IX" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A0pa_Bonifatius_IX" title="Pàpa Bonifatius IX – gaélique écossais" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Pàpa Bonifatius IX" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaélique écossais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonifacio_IX,_papa" title="Bonifacio IX, papa – galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Bonifacio IX, papa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kau-f%C3%B2ng_Bonifacius_9-s%E1%B9%B3" title="Kau-fòng Bonifacius 9-sṳ – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kau-fòng Bonifacius 9-sṳ" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A1_%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%99" title="בוניפקיוס התשיעי – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בוניפקיוס התשיעי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonifacije_IX." title="Bonifacije IX. – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bonifacije IX." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IX._Bonif%C3%A1c_p%C3%A1pa" title="IX. Bonifác pápa – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="IX. Bonifác pápa" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paus_Bonifasius_IX" title="Paus Bonifasius IX – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Paus Bonifasius IX" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papa_Bonifacio_IX" title="Papa Bonifacio IX – ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Papa Bonifacio IX" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papo_Bonifacius_la_9ma" title="Papo Bonifacius la 9ma – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Papo Bonifacius la 9ma" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papa_Bonifacio_IX" title="Papa Bonifacio IX – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Papa Bonifacio IX" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9C%E3%83%8B%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%82%A6%E3%82%B99%E4%B8%96_(%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9E%E6%95%99%E7%9A%87)" title="ボニファティウス9世 (ローマ教皇) – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ボニファティウス9世 (ローマ教皇)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paus_Bonifatius_IX" title="Paus Bonifatius IX – javanais" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Paus Bonifatius IX" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A4%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1_IX" title="ბონიფაციუს IX – géorgien" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბონიფაციუს IX" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="géorgien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B5%90%ED%99%A9_%EB%B3%B4%EB%8B%88%ED%8C%8C%EC%8B%9C%EC%98%A4_9%EC%84%B8" title="교황 보니파시오 9세 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="교황 보니파시오 9세" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonifacius_IX" title="Bonifacius IX – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Bonifacius IX" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonif%C4%81cijs_IX" title="Bonifācijs IX – letton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Bonifācijs IX" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98_IX" title="Папа Бонифациј IX – macédonien" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Папа Бонифациј IX" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macédonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE" title="पोप बॉनिफेस नववा – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पोप बॉनिफेस नववा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paus_Bonifatius_IX" title="Paus Bonifatius IX – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Paus Bonifatius IX" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paus_Bonifatius_IX" title="Paus Bonifatius IX – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Paus Bonifatius IX" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonifatius_IX" title="Bonifatius IX – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bonifatius IX" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonifacy_IX" title="Bonifacy IX – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bonifacy IX" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papa_Bonif%C3%A1cio_IX" title="Papa Bonifácio IX – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Papa Bonifácio IX" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papa_Bonifaciu_al_IX-lea" title="Papa Bonifaciu al IX-lea – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Papa Bonifaciu al IX-lea" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9_IX" title="Бонифаций IX – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бонифаций IX" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonifaciu_IX" title="Bonifaciu IX – sicilien" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Bonifaciu IX" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonifacije_IX." title="Bonifacije IX. – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bonifacije IX." data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Boniface_IX" title="Pope Boniface IX – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Pope Boniface IX" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonif%C3%A1c_IX." title="Bonifác IX. – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Bonifác IX." data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pape%C5%BE_Bonifacij_IX." title="Papež Bonifacij IX. – slovène" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Papež Bonifacij IX." data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonafaci_IX" title="Bonafaci IX – albanais" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Bonafaci IX" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5_IX" title="Папа Бонифације IX – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Папа Бонифације IX" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonifatius_IX" title="Bonifatius IX – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bonifatius IX" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papa_Boniface_IX" title="Papa Boniface IX – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Papa Boniface IX" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%92%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%83%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D_(%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%88)" title="ஒன்பதாம் போனிஃபாஸ் (திருத்தந்தை) – tamoul" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஒன்பதாம் போனிஃபாஸ் (திருத்தந்தை)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamoul" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papa_Bonifacio_IX" title="Papa Bonifacio IX – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Papa Bonifacio IX" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/IX._Bonifacius" title="IX. Bonifacius – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="IX. Bonifacius" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B9_IX" title="Боніфацій IX – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Боніфацій IX" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gi%C3%A1o_ho%C3%A0ng_B%C3%B4nifaci%C3%B4_IX" title="Giáo hoàng Bônifaciô IX – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Giáo hoàng Bônifaciô IX" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papa_Bonifacio_IX" title="Papa Bonifacio IX – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Papa Bonifacio IX" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%B0%BC%E6%B3%95%E7%88%B5%E4%B9%9D%E4%B8%96" title="波尼法爵九世 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="波尼法爵九世" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B3p%C3%B9_Boniface_9k" title="Pópù Boniface 9k – yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Pópù Boniface 9k" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E7%BE%A9%E4%B9%9D%E4%B8%96" title="博義九世 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="博義九世" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A0u-h%C3%B4ng_Bonifacius_9-s%C3%A8" title="Kàu-hông Bonifacius 9-sè – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kàu-hông Bonifacius 9-sè" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E7%BE%A9%E4%B9%9D%E4%B8%96" title="博義九世 – cantonais" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="博義九世" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonais" 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Cliquez ici pour en savoir plus.</figcaption></figure><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg/45px-2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg/68px-2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg/90px-2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p><strong class="bandeau-titre">Cet article <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Citez_vos_sources" title="Wikipédia:Citez vos sources">ne cite pas suffisamment ses sources</a></strong> <small>(<time class="nowrap" datetime="2008-01" data-sort-value="2008-01">janvier 2008</time>).</small> </p><p>Si vous disposez d'ouvrages ou d'articles de référence ou si vous connaissez des sites web de qualité traitant du thème abordé ici, merci de compléter l'article en donnant les <b>références utiles à sa <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:V%C3%A9rifiabilit%C3%A9" title="Wikipédia:Vérifiabilité">vérifiabilité</a></b> et en les liant à la section «&#160;<a href="/wiki/Aide:Ins%C3%A9rer_une_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence" title="Aide:Insérer une référence">Notes et références</a>&#160;». </p><p><b>En pratique&#160;:</b> <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Citez_vos_sources#Qualité_des_sources" title="Wikipédia:Citez vos sources">Quelles sources sont attendues&#160;?</a> <a href="/wiki/Aide:Ins%C3%A9rer_une_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence_(%C3%89diteur_visuel)" title="Aide:Insérer une référence (Éditeur visuel)">Comment ajouter mes sources&#160;?</a> </p> </div></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox_v2 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" class="entete defaut" style="background-color:#FED600;color:#000;"><span class="nowrap">Boniface <abbr class="abbr" title="9"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IX</span></abbr></span> </td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; line-height: 1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Cosmati,_bonifacio_IX_inginocchiato,_1390-1410_ca_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Image illustrative de l’article Boniface IX" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Cosmati%2C_bonifacio_IX_inginocchiato%2C_1390-1410_ca_%28cropped%29.jpg/280px-Cosmati%2C_bonifacio_IX_inginocchiato%2C_1390-1410_ca_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="415" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Cosmati%2C_bonifacio_IX_inginocchiato%2C_1390-1410_ca_%28cropped%29.jpg/420px-Cosmati%2C_bonifacio_IX_inginocchiato%2C_1390-1410_ca_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Cosmati%2C_bonifacio_IX_inginocchiato%2C_1390-1410_ca_%28cropped%29.jpg/560px-Cosmati%2C_bonifacio_IX_inginocchiato%2C_1390-1410_ca_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="991" data-file-height="1470" /></a></span> <br />Détail d'une statue de Boniface IX. Auteur inconnu. Vers 1390-1410. <a href="/wiki/Basilique_Saint-Jean-de-Latran" title="Basilique Saint-Jean-de-Latran">Basilique Saint-Jean-de-Latran</a> à <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#FED600; color:#000">Biographie</th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Nom de naissance </th> <td>Pietro Tomacelli </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Naissance </th> <td>vers <a href="/wiki/1355" title="1355">1355</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Père </th> <td>NN Tomacelli <small>(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q116473963" class="extiw" title="d:Q116473963"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Voir l&#39;élément Wikidata correspondant">d</span></a>)</small> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Décès </th> <td><time class="nowrap date-lien dday" datetime="1404-10-10" data-sort-value="1404-10-10"><a href="/wiki/1er_octobre" title="1er octobre">1<sup>er</sup> octobre</a> <a href="/wiki/1404" title="1404">1404</a></time> <br /><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#FED600; color:#000">Pape de l'Église catholique</th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Élection au pontificat </th> <td><time class="nowrap date-lien" datetime="1389-11-10" data-sort-value="1389-11-10"><a href="/wiki/2_novembre" title="2 novembre">2 novembre</a> <a href="/wiki/1389" title="1389">1389</a></time> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Intronisation </th> <td><time class="nowrap date-lien" datetime="1389-11-17" data-sort-value="1389-11-17"><a href="/wiki/9_novembre" title="9 novembre">9 novembre</a> <a href="/wiki/1389" title="1389">1389</a></time> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Fin du pontificat </th> <td><time class="nowrap date-lien" datetime="1404-10-10" data-sort-value="1404-10-10"><a href="/wiki/1er_octobre" title="1er octobre">1<sup>er</sup> octobre</a> <a href="/wiki/1404" title="1404">1404</a></time><br /><small>(<span data-sort-value="&amp;0000000000005446" class="datasortkey">14&#160;ans, 10&#160;mois et 29&#160;jours</span>)</small> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"> <table class="navigation-not-searchable" style="width:100%; border-spacing:0; background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; width:5%; background-color:; color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Précédent" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Arrleft.svg/13px-Arrleft.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Arrleft.svg/20px-Arrleft.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Arrleft.svg/26px-Arrleft.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="110" data-file-height="133" /></span></span> </td> <td style="width:1%; background-color:; color:inherit;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; width:44%; background-color:; color:inherit;"> <a href="/wiki/Urbain_VI" title="Urbain VI"><span class="nowrap">Urbain <abbr class="abbr" title="6"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">VI</span></abbr></span></a> </td> <td style="width:1%; background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> </td> <td style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle; width:44%; background-color:; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Innocent_VII" title="Innocent VII"><span class="nowrap">Innocent <abbr class="abbr" title="7"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">VII</span></abbr></span></a> </td> <td style="width:1%; background-color:; color:inherit;"> </td> <td style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle; width:5%; background-color:; color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Suivant" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Arrright.svg/13px-Arrright.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Arrright.svg/20px-Arrright.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Arrright.svg/26px-Arrright.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="110" data-file-height="133" /></span></span> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Autre(s) antipape(s) </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%A9ment_VII_(antipape)" title="Clément VII (antipape)"><span class="nowrap">Clément <abbr class="abbr" title="7"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">VII</span></abbr></span></a> jusqu'en 1394 et <a href="/wiki/Beno%C3%AEt_XIII_(antipape)" title="Benoît XIII (antipape)"><span class="nowrap">Benoît <abbr class="abbr" title="13"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">XIII</span></abbr></span></a> à partir de <a href="/wiki/1394" title="1394">1394</a> à <a href="/wiki/Avignon" title="Avignon">Avignon</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><hr style="height:2px; color:inherit; background-color:#FED600;" /></td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center; line-height: 1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:C_o_a_Bonifatius_IX.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Blason" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/C_o_a_Bonifatius_IX.svg/100px-C_o_a_Bonifatius_IX.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/C_o_a_Bonifatius_IX.svg/150px-C_o_a_Bonifatius_IX.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/C_o_a_Bonifatius_IX.svg/200px-C_o_a_Bonifatius_IX.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1031" data-file-height="1238" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/btomap.html"><small><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Notice sur <i>www.catholic-hierarchy.org</i></small></a></td> </tr><tr> <td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px #FED600 solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; color: inherit; text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boniface_IX&amp;action=edit&amp;section=0"><span class="infodoc">modifier</span></a></span>&#160;<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Infobox_Pr%C3%A9lat_catholique" title="Consultez la documentation du modèle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p><b><span class="nowrap">Boniface <abbr class="abbr" title="9"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IX</span></abbr></span></b> (<i>Pietro Tomacelli</i>), noble napolitain né vers <a href="/wiki/1355" title="1355">1355</a>, est élu pour devenir le <abbr class="abbr" title="Deux cent troisième">203<sup>e</sup></abbr>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Pape" title="Pape">pape</a> de l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%89glise_catholique_romaine" class="mw-redirect" title="Église catholique romaine">Église catholique</a> le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1389-11-10" data-sort-value="1389-11-10">2 novembre 1389</time>, consacré le 9 novembre à <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, décédé le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1404-10-10" data-sort-value="1404-10-10"><abbr class="abbr" title="premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> octobre 1404</time> à <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Pendant son règne, les antipapes <a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%A9ment_VII_(antipape)" title="Clément VII (antipape)"><span class="nowrap">Clément <abbr class="abbr" title="7"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">VII</span></abbr></span></a> et <a href="/wiki/Beno%C3%AEt_XIII_(antipape)" title="Benoît XIII (antipape)"><span class="nowrap">Benoît <abbr class="abbr" title="13"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">XIII</span></abbr></span></a> continuent à tenir une cour papale à <a href="/wiki/Papaut%C3%A9_d%27Avignon" title="Papauté d&#39;Avignon">Avignon</a> sous la protection de la <a href="/wiki/Royaume_de_France" title="Royaume de France">monarchie française</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biographie">Biographie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boniface_IX&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifier la section : Biographie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boniface_IX&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Biographie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pietro Tomaselli venait d'une famille baronniale de <a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a> ancienne mais appauvrie. Une source germanique contemporaine, hostile, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dietrich_de_Nieheim&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Dietrich de Nieheim (page inexistante)">Dietrich de Nieheim</a>&#160;<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dietrich_von_Nieheim" class="extiw" title="de:Dietrich von Nieheim"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en allemand&#160;: «&#160;Dietrich von Nieheim&#160;»">(de)</span></a>, assurait qu'il était illettré. Il est fait cardinal par <a href="/wiki/Urbain_VI" title="Urbain VI">Urbain VI</a> le 21 décembre 1381. À défaut d'être un théologien entraîné ou habile dans les relations avec la <a href="/wiki/Curie_romaine" title="Curie romaine">Curie</a>, il a su être plein de tact et prudent dans une période difficile. L'<a href="/wiki/Allemagne" title="Allemagne">Allemagne</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/Angleterre" title="Angleterre">Angleterre</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Hongrie" title="Hongrie">Hongrie</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Pologne" title="Pologne">Pologne</a> et la plus grande partie de l'<a href="/wiki/Italie" title="Italie">Italie</a> l'acceptèrent comme pape. </p><p>Le jour avant son élection, l'antipape <a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%A9ment_VII_(antipape)" title="Clément VII (antipape)">Clément <abbr class="abbr" title="7"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">VII</span></abbr></a> couronna un prince français, <a href="/wiki/Louis_II_d%27Anjou" title="Louis II d&#39;Anjou"><span class="nowrap">Louis <abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></span> d'Anjou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royaume_de_Naples" title="Royaume de Naples">roi de Naples</a>. <span class="nowrap">Boniface <abbr class="abbr" title="9"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IX</span></abbr></span> soutint lui son rival, le jeune <a href="/wiki/Ladislas_Ier_de_Naples" class="mw-redirect" title="Ladislas Ier de Naples"><span class="nowrap">Ladislas <abbr class="abbr" title="premier">I<sup>er</sup></abbr></span> de Naples</a>. Ce dernier était l'héritier de droit de <a href="/wiki/Charles_III_de_Naples" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles III de Naples"><span class="nowrap">Charles <abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr></span> de Naples</a> (assassiné en <a href="/wiki/1386" title="1386">1386</a>) et de Margaret de Durazzo, descendante d'une famille qui avait traditionnellement soutenu les papes dans leurs querelles romaines contre le parti anti-impérial de la cité elle-même. <span class="nowrap">Boniface <abbr class="abbr" title="9"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IX</span></abbr></span> fit couronner Ladislas roi de Naples à <a href="/wiki/Gaeta" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaeta">Gaeta</a> le 29 mai <a href="/wiki/1390" title="1390">1390</a> et travailla avec lui à l'expulsion des forces angevines du sud de l'Italie. </p><p>Durant son règne, <span class="nowrap">Boniface <abbr class="abbr" title="9"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IX</span></abbr></span> réussit finalement à supprimer l'indépendance de la Commune de Rome et à y établir son pouvoir temporel, bien que, pour y parvenir, il dut non seulement fortifier le <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_Saint-Ange" title="Château Saint-Ange">Château Saint-Ange</a>, mais également tous les ponts et fut obligé de résider durant de nombreuses années à <a href="/wiki/Assise_(Italie)" title="Assise (Italie)">Assise</a> ou à <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9rouse_(Italie)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pérouse (Italie)">Pérouse</a>. Il prit également le port d'<a href="/wiki/Ostie" title="Ostie">Ostie</a> à son Cardinal-évêque. Il reprit également progressivement le contrôle des châteaux et des villes des États pontificaux. Il leur donna la forme qu'ils auront au cours du <a href="/wiki/XVe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XVe siècle"><abbr class="abbr" title="15ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XV</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&#160;siècle</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Bonifacius_IX.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/Bonifacius_IX.png" decoding="async" width="126" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="126" data-file-height="120" /></a><figcaption>Portrait imaginaire. <a href="/wiki/Basilique_Saint-Paul-hors-les-Murs" title="Basilique Saint-Paul-hors-les-Murs">Basilique Saint-Paul-hors-les-Murs</a> (mosaïque du milieu du <abbr class="abbr" title="19ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XIX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&#160;siècle).</figcaption></figure> <p>Le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1394-05-28" data-sort-value="1394-05-28">20 mai 1394</time> il vendit, contre rétribution, la <a href="/wiki/Principaut%C3%A9_de_Mass%C3%A9ran" class="mw-redirect" title="Principauté de Masséran">principauté de Masséran</a> à <a href="/wiki/Ludovico_Fieschi" title="Ludovico Fieschi">Ludovico Fieschi</a>. </p><p><span class="nowrap">Clément <abbr class="abbr" title="7"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">VII</span></abbr></span> mourut à Avignon le 16 septembre <a href="/wiki/1394" title="1394">1394</a>, mais les cardinaux français élurent rapidement un successeur&#160;: le cardinal Pedro de Luna, qui prit le nom d'antipape <span class="nowrap">Benoît <abbr class="abbr" title="13"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">XIII</span></abbr></span>. Durant les quelques années qui suivirent, <span class="nowrap">Boniface <abbr class="abbr" title="9"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IX</span></abbr></span> fut poussé à abdiquer, même par ses plus proches alliés&#160;: le roi <a href="/wiki/Richard_II_d%27Angleterre" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard II d&#39;Angleterre"><span class="nowrap">Richard <abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></span> d'Angleterre</a>, la Diète de Francfort en <a href="/wiki/1397" title="1397">1397</a> et l'empereur <a href="/wiki/Venceslas_Ier_du_Saint-Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Venceslas Ier du Saint-Empire"><span class="nowrap">Venceslas <abbr class="abbr" title="premier">I<sup>er</sup></abbr></span></a>. Il refusa, tout comme il refusa la tenue d'un concile œcuménique qui était pourtant considéré comme le seul moyen de mettre fin au <a href="/wiki/Grand_Schisme_d%27Occident" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Schisme d&#39;Occident">Grand Schisme</a>. </p><p>Deux <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9e_sainte" title="Année sainte">Années saintes</a> furent célébrées à Rome durant le règne de <span class="nowrap">Boniface <abbr class="abbr" title="9"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IX</span></abbr></span>. La première, en <a href="/wiki/1390" title="1390">1390</a>, avait été décidée par son prédécesseur, le pape <a href="/wiki/Urbain_VI" title="Urbain VI"><span class="nowrap">Urbain <abbr class="abbr" title="6"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">VI</span></abbr></span></a>, et connut un fort afflux de <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A8lerinage" title="Pèlerinage">pèlerins</a> allemands, hongrois, polonais, <a href="/wiki/Boh%C3%AAme" title="Bohême">bohêmiens</a> et anglais. Plusieurs villes allemandes obtinrent les privilèges de l'Année sainte, comme étaient nommées les <a href="/wiki/Indulgence_(catholicisme)" title="Indulgence (catholicisme)">indulgences</a>. L'Année sainte de <a href="/wiki/1400" title="1400">1400</a> causa à nouveau un fort afflux de pèlerins à Rome, notamment de France, alors même qu'il y régnait une épidémie de <a href="/wiki/Peste" title="Peste">peste</a> désastreuse. Le pape demeura dans la ville. </p><p>Durant la deuxième partie de l'année 1399, un nouveau mouvement de <a href="/wiki/Flagellants" class="mw-redirect" title="Flagellants">flagellants</a>, les pénitents blancs, se développa en <a href="/wiki/Provence" title="Provence">Provence</a>, moins d'un siècle après l'extermination des <a href="/wiki/Catharisme" title="Catharisme">Albigeois</a>, et se répandit en <a href="/wiki/Espagne" title="Espagne">Espagne</a> et dans le nord de l'Italie. Cela rappelait les processions massives des flagellants de l'époque de la <a href="/wiki/Peste_noire" title="Peste noire">peste noire</a>, en <a href="/wiki/1348" title="1348">1348</a> et <a href="/wiki/1349" title="1349">1349</a>. Ils se rendaient en processions de ville en ville, habillés en blanc, portant une croix rouge dans leurs dos et suivant en meneur qui portait une grande croix. Les rumeurs de l'imminence du <a href="/wiki/Jugement_dernier" title="Jugement dernier">Jugement dernier</a> et les témoignages de visions de la Vierge Marie abondèrent. Ils chantaient l'hymne <i>Stabat Mater</i>, qui était populaire depuis peu. <span class="nowrap">Boniface <abbr class="abbr" title="9"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IX</span></abbr></span> et la curie soutinrent un temps ce mouvement lorsqu'il s'approchait de Rome, mais lorsqu'il y arriva, <span class="nowrap">Boniface <abbr class="abbr" title="9"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IX</span></abbr></span> fit pendre leur chef et les flagellants se dispersèrent rapidement. </p><p>En Angleterre, les prêches anti-pontificales de <a href="/wiki/John_Wyclif" title="John Wyclif">John Wyclif</a> aidaient l'opposition du roi et du haut clergé à l'habitude de <span class="nowrap">Boniface <abbr class="abbr" title="9"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IX</span></abbr></span> d'attribuer des bénéfices anglais, lorsqu'ils devenaient vacants, à ses favoris à la Curie. Le pape avait en effet introduit une nouvelle forme de revenu, l'<i>annates perpetuæ</i>, qui attribuait au pape la moitié du revenu engrangé lors de la première année de tout bénéfice attribué au sein de la curie. Afin de s'opposer à cette pratique, le Parlement anglais confirma et étendit les droits du roi, lui donnant un droit de veto sur ses nominations en Angleterre. <span class="nowrap">Boniface <abbr class="abbr" title="9"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IX</span></abbr></span> dut céder face à l'unité anglaise et satisfaire aux exigences du roi. </p><p>En <a href="/wiki/1398" title="1398">1398</a> et <a href="/wiki/1399" title="1399">1399</a>, <span class="nowrap">Boniface <abbr class="abbr" title="9"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IX</span></abbr></span> appela l'Europe chrétienne à soutenir l'empereur byzantin <a href="/wiki/Manuel_II_Pal%C3%A9ologue" title="Manuel II Paléologue"><span class="nowrap">Manuel <abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></span> Paléologue</a>, menacé à <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a> par le sultan <a href="/wiki/Bayezid_Ier" title="Bayezid Ier"><span class="nowrap">Bayezid <abbr class="abbr" title="premier">I<sup>er</sup></abbr></span></a>. L'enthousiasme pour une nouvelle croisade fut très restreint. </p><p>En Allemagne, les <a href="/wiki/Prince-%C3%89lecteur" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince-Électeur">Princes-Électeurs</a> se réunirent à Rhense le 20 août <i>1400</i> pour déposer <span class="nowrap">Venceslas <abbr class="abbr" title="premier">I<sup>er</sup></abbr></span> et choisirent à sa place <a href="/wiki/Robert_Ier_du_Saint-Empire" title="Robert Ier du Saint-Empire"><span class="nowrap">Robert <abbr class="abbr" title="premier">I<sup>er</sup></abbr></span> du Saint-Empire</a>, duc de Bavière et Comte palatin du Rhin. En <a href="/wiki/1403" title="1403">1403</a>, <span class="nowrap">Boniface <abbr class="abbr" title="9"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IX</span></abbr></span> approuva la déposition de Venceslas et reconnut Robert. </p><p><span class="nowrap">Boniface <abbr class="abbr" title="9"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IX</span></abbr></span> canonisa <a href="/wiki/Brigitte_de_Su%C3%A8de" title="Brigitte de Suède">Brigitte de Suède</a> en <a href="/wiki/1391" title="1391">1391</a>. Il fonda les universités de <a href="/wiki/Ferrare" title="Ferrare">Ferrare</a> la même année et de <a href="/wiki/Fermo" title="Fermo">Fermo</a> en <a href="/wiki/1398" title="1398">1398</a>. En 1392, il confirma également celle d'Erfurt, en Allemagne. </p><p>Il mourut en 1404 après une brève maladie. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boniface_IX&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boniface_IX&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Cet article est partiellement ou en totalité issu de l’article de Wikipédia en anglais intitulé <span class="plainlinks">«&#160;<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Boniface_IX?oldid=113336535">Pope Boniface IX</a>&#160;» <small>(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Boniface_IX?action=history">voir la liste des auteurs</a>)</small></span>.</li></ul> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Miranda"><span class="ouvrage" id="Salvador_Miranda">Salvador Miranda, «&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20200202064630/http://webdept.fiu.edu:80/~mirandas/bios1381.htm"><cite style="font-style:normal;">The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church</cite></a>&#160;», sur <span class="italique">fiu.edu via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2023-10-16" data-sort-value="2023-10-16">16 octobre 2023</time>)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boniface_IX&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boniface_IX&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Voir aussi"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r194021218">.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>.titre{text-align:center;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li{list-style:none;margin:0.2em 0;text-indent:0;padding-left:24px;min-height:20px;text-align:left;display:block}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li>a{font-style:italic}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .autres-projets{float:none}}</style><div class="autres-projets boite-grise boite-a-droite noprint js-interprojets"> <p class="titre">Sur les autres projets Wikimedia&#160;:</p> <ul class="noarchive plainlinks"> <li class="commons"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bonifacius_IX?uselang=fr"><span class="nowrap">Boniface <abbr class="abbr" title="9"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IX</span></abbr></span></a>, sur <span class="project">Wikimedia Commons</span></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliographie">Bibliographie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boniface_IX&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifier la section : Bibliographie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boniface_IX&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Bibliographie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marie-Nicolas_Bouillet" title="Marie-Nicolas Bouillet">Marie-Nicolas Bouillet</a> et <a href="/wiki/Alexis_Chassang" title="Alexis Chassang">Alexis Chassang</a> (dir.), «&#160;<span class="nowrap">Boniface <abbr class="abbr" title="9"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IX</span></abbr></span>&#160;» dans <span class="ouvrage" id="1878"><cite class="italique">Dictionnaire universel d’histoire et de géographie</cite>, <time>1878</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/Dictionnaire_universel_d%E2%80%99histoire_et_de_g%C3%A9ographie_Bouillet_Chassang" class="extiw" title="s:Dictionnaire universel d’histoire et de géographie Bouillet Chassang">lire sur Wikisource</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Dictionnaire+universel+d%E2%80%99histoire+et+de+g%C3%A9ographie&amp;rft.date=1878&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ABoniface+IX"></span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boniface_IX&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boniface_IX&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Liens externes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><span class="liste-horizontale noarchive"><span class="wd_identifiers">Ressources relatives à la religion<span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165561?uselang=fr#identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span>&#160;: <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/btomap.html"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Catholic Hierarchy</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fcardinals.fiu.edu%2Fbios%1.htm%23%2&amp;exp=(.*):(.*)&amp;id=1381%3ATomacelli"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church</span></a></li> </ul></span></li> <li><span class="liste-horizontale noarchive"><span class="wd_identifiers">Ressources relatives aux beaux-arts<span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165561?uselang=fr#identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span>&#160;: <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG84160"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">British Museum</span></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ta.sandrart.net/en/person/view/1358"><span class="lang-de" lang="de">Sandrart.net</span></a></li> </ul></span> </li> <li><div class="liste-horizontale"><span class="wd_identifiers">Notices dans des dictionnaires ou encyclopédies généralistes<span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165561?uselang=fr#identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span>&#160;: <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Boniface-IX"><i>Britannica</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brockhaus.de/ecs/enzy/article/bonifatius-bonifatius-ix"><i>Brockhaus</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.deutsche-biographie.de/118661469.html"><i>Deutsche Biographie</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/papa-bonifacio-ix_(Dizionario-Biografico)"><i>Dizionario biografico degli italiani</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/bonifacio-ix_(Dizionario-di-Storia)/"><i>Dizionario di Storia</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/bonifacio-ix-papa_(Enciclopedia-Italiana)/"><i>Enciclopedia italiana</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sapere.it/enciclopedia/Bonif%C3%A0cio%2BIX.html"><i>Enciclopedia De Agostini</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciclopedia.cat/EC-GEC-0011171.xml"><i>Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=8663"><i>Hrvatska Enciklopedija</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/;3879411"><i>Internetowa encyklopedia PWN</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/personnage/wd/98966"><i>Larousse</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://proleksis.lzmk.hr/12998"><i>Proleksis enciklopedija</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snl.no/Bonifatius_9."><i>Store norske leksikon</i></a></li> </ul></div></li> <li><div class="liste-horizontale"><span class="wd_identifiers"><a href="/wiki/Autorit%C3%A9_(sciences_de_l%27information)" title="Autorité (sciences de l&#39;information)">Notices d'autorité</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165561?uselang=fr#identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span>&#160;: <ul><li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://viaf.org/viaf/69723238">VIAF</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000027381860">ISNI</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb116835781">BnF</a></span> (<span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb116835781">données</a></span>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idref.fr/115696016">IdRef</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/n88217786">LCCN</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/118661469">GND</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/SBLV189473">Italie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p069477027">Pays-Bas</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810617582305606">Pologne</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&amp;local_base=NLX10&amp;find_code=UID&amp;request=987007278126905171">Israël</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nukat.edu.pl/aut/n%20%2098002317">NUKAT</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/auth/207914">Suède</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/495_48742">Vatican</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aut.nkp.cz/xx0129680">Tchéquie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n88-217786">WorldCat</a></span></li> </ul></div></li></ul> <div class="timeline-wrapper"><map name="timeline_bwgtjif0tnlcokno8suja8hpe0b6a5l"><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_V" coords="608,77,689,97" title="Félix V" alt="Félix V" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Antipapes_imaginaires" coords="589,139,742,160" title="Antipapes imaginaires" alt="Antipapes imaginaires" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Beno%C3%AEt_XIV_(antipape)" coords="484,144,536,165" title="Benoît XIV (antipape)" alt="Benoît XIV (antipape)" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Beno%C3%AEt_XIV_(antipape)" coords="473,133,548,154" title="Benoît XIV (antipape)" alt="Benoît XIV (antipape)" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Cl%C3%A9ment_VIII_(antipape)" coords="467,113,525,134" title="Clément VIII (antipape)" alt="Clément VIII (antipape)" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Cl%C3%A9ment_VIII_(antipape)" coords="456,102,536,123" title="Clément VIII (antipape)" alt="Clément VIII (antipape)" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Beno%C3%AEt_XIII_(antipape)" coords="415,113,474,134" title="Benoît XIII (antipape)" alt="Benoît XIII (antipape)" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Beno%C3%AEt_XIII_(antipape)" coords="407,102,482,123" title="Benoît XIII (antipape)" alt="Benoît XIII (antipape)" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Nicolas_V" coords="678,45,764,66" title="Nicolas V" alt="Nicolas V" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_IV" coords="556,45,648,66" title="Eugène IV" alt="Eugène IV" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Martin_V" coords="437,45,517,66" title="Martin V" alt="Martin V" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Beno%C3%AEt_XIII_(antipape)" coords="270,108,373,129" title="Benoît XIII (antipape)" alt="Benoît XIII (antipape)" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Cl%C3%A9ment_VII_(antipape)" coords="104,108,207,129" title="Clément VII (antipape)" alt="Clément VII (antipape)" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Jean_XXIII_(antipape)" coords="347,82,411,102" title="Jean XXIII (antipape)" alt="Jean XXIII (antipape)" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Jean_XXIII_(antipape)" coords="350,71,408,91" title="Jean XXIII (antipape)" alt="Jean XXIII (antipape)" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Alexandre_V_(antipape)" coords="313,82,354,102" title="Alexandre V (antipape)" alt="Alexandre V (antipape)" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Alexandre_V_(antipape)" coords="290,71,377,91" title="Alexandre V (antipape)" alt="Alexandre V (antipape)" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A9goire_XII" coords="312,45,421,66" title="Grégoire XII" alt="Grégoire XII" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Innocent_VII" coords="293,50,345,71" title="Innocent VII" alt="Innocent VII" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Innocent_VII" coords="279,39,359,60" title="Innocent VII" alt="Innocent VII" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Boniface_IX" coords="197,45,295,66" title="Boniface IX" alt="Boniface IX" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Urbain_VI" coords="90,45,176,66" title="Urbain VI" alt="Urbain VI" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A9goire_XI" coords="-1,45,100,66" title="Grégoire XI" alt="Grégoire XI" /></map><img usemap="#timeline_bwgtjif0tnlcokno8suja8hpe0b6a5l" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/fr/timeline/bwgtjif0tnlcokno8suja8hpe0b6a5l.png" /></div> <div class="navbox-container" style="clear:both;"> <table class="navbox collapsible noprint uncollapsed" style="margin:auto; background-color:#F6F6F6;"> <tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="text-align:center; background-color:#f7f8ff;"><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000);"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Succession/Pape" title="Voir ce modèle."><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div><div style="font-size:110%; overflow:hidden;"><a href="/wiki/Liste_des_papes" title="Liste des papes">Pape de l’Église catholique</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="text-align:center; width:30%;">Précédé par </th> <th class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="text-align:center; width:40%;"> </th> <th class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="text-align:center; width:30%;">Suivi par </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; background-color:var(--couleur-fond-gris-alternance, #eeeeee); color:var(--color-base, #202122);"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse; background-color:transparent; color:inherit; padding-top:3px"> <tbody><tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Urbain_VI" title="Urbain VI"><span class="nowrap">Urbain <abbr class="abbr" title="6"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">VI</span></abbr></span></a></b> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="text-align:center; padding:1px; text-align:center; background-color:var(--background-color-base, #fff); color:var(--color-base, #202122);"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse; background-color:transparent; color:inherit; padding-top:3px"> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/29px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png" decoding="async" width="29" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/44px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/59px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="815" data-file-height="1105" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><span class="nowrap">Boniface <abbr class="abbr" title="9"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IX</span></abbr></span></b> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background-color:var(--couleur-fond-gris-alternance, #eeeeee); color:var(--color-base, #202122);"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse; background-color:transparent; color:inherit; padding-top:3px"> <tbody><tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Innocent_VII" title="Innocent VII"><span class="nowrap">Innocent <abbr class="abbr" title="7"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">VII</span></abbr></span></a></b> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table><table class="navbox collapsible noprint collapsed" style=""> <tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffce00;"><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000);"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Papes_de_l%27%C3%89glise_catholique" title="Modèle:Palette Papes de l&#39;Église catholique"><abbr class="abbr" title="Voir ce modèle.">v</abbr></a>&#160;· <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Papes_de_l%27%C3%89glise_catholique&amp;action=edit"><abbr class="abbr" title="Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style="font-size:110%"><a href="/wiki/Liste_des_papes" title="Liste des papes">Papes de l'Église catholique</a></div></th> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-banner" style="background-color:#ffce00;" colspan="3"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pape" title="Pape">Pape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipape" title="Antipape">Antipape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Si%C3%A8ge" title="Saint-Siège">Saint-Siège</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nom_de_r%C3%A8gne_des_papes" title="Nom de règne des papes">Nom de règne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_des_papes_selon_la_dur%C3%A9e_de_leur_pontificat" title="Liste des papes selon la durée de leur pontificat">Liste par temps de règne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_des_papes_par_long%C3%A9vit%C3%A9" title="Liste des papes par longévité">Liste par longévité</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#ffce00;"><a href="/wiki/Ier_si%C3%A8cle" title="Ier siècle"><abbr class="abbr" title="1ᵉʳ siècle"><span class="romain">I</span><sup style="font-size:72%">er</sup></abbr></a>&#32;–&#32;<a href="/wiki/IVe_si%C3%A8cle" title="IVe siècle"><abbr class="abbr" title="4ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">IV</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr></a>&#160;siècle</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_(ap%C3%B4tre)" title="Pierre (apôtre)">Pierre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lin_(pape)" title="Lin (pape)">Lin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaclet" title="Anaclet">Anaclet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%A9ment_de_Rome" title="Clément de Rome">Clément&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89variste_(pape)" title="Évariste (pape)">Évariste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Ier_(pape)" title="Alexandre Ier (pape)">Alexandre&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixte_Ier" title="Sixte Ier">Sixte&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9lesphore_(pape)" title="Télesphore (pape)">Télesphore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hygin_(pape)" title="Hygin (pape)">Hygin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pie_Ier" title="Pie Ier">Pie&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anicet_(pape)" title="Anicet (pape)">Anicet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B4ter_(pape)" title="Sôter (pape)">Sôter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89leuth%C3%A8re_(pape)" title="Éleuthère (pape)">Éleuthère</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Ier" title="Victor Ier">Victor&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z%C3%A9phyrin" title="Zéphyrin">Zéphyrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calixte_Ier" title="Calixte Ier">Calixte&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urbain_Ier" title="Urbain Ier">Urbain&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontien" title="Pontien">Pontien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%A8re" title="Antère">Antère</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabien_(pape)" title="Fabien (pape)">Fabien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corneille_(pape)" title="Corneille (pape)">Corneille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Ier" title="Lucius Ier">Lucius&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Ier_(pape)" title="Étienne Ier (pape)">Étienne&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixte_II" title="Sixte II">Sixte&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denys_(pape)" title="Denys (pape)">Denys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Ier" title="Félix Ier">Félix&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eutychien" title="Eutychien">Eutychien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ca%C3%AFus_(pape)" title="Caïus (pape)">Caïus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcellin_(pape)" title="Marcellin (pape)">Marcellin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Ier" title="Marcel Ier">Marcel&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eus%C3%A8be_(pape)" title="Eusèbe (pape)">Eusèbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miltiade_(pape)" title="Miltiade (pape)">Miltiade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvestre_Ier" title="Sylvestre Ier">Sylvestre&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_(pape)" title="Marc (pape)">Marc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Ier" title="Jules Ier">Jules&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lib%C3%A8re" title="Libère">Libère</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damase_Ier" title="Damase Ier">Damase&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirice" title="Sirice">Sirice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anastase_Ier_(pape)" title="Anastase Ier (pape)">Anastase&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></a></li></ul> </div></td> <td class="navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:7px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Emblem_of_the_Holy_See_usual.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Emblem_of_the_Holy_See_usual.svg/100px-Emblem_of_the_Holy_See_usual.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Emblem_of_the_Holy_See_usual.svg/150px-Emblem_of_the_Holy_See_usual.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Emblem_of_the_Holy_See_usual.svg/200px-Emblem_of_the_Holy_See_usual.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="673" data-file-height="918" /></a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#ffce00;"><a href="/wiki/Ve_si%C3%A8cle" title="Ve siècle"><abbr class="abbr" title="5ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">V</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr></a>&#32;–&#32;<a href="/wiki/VIIIe_si%C3%A8cle" title="VIIIe siècle"><abbr class="abbr" title="8ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">VIII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr></a>&#160;siècle</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="background-color:#ffffd0;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Innocent_Ier" title="Innocent Ier">Innocent&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zosime_(pape)" title="Zosime (pape)">Zosime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boniface_Ier" title="Boniface Ier">Boniface&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9lestin_Ier" title="Célestin Ier">Célestin&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixte_III" title="Sixte III">Sixte&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Ier_(pape)" title="Léon Ier (pape)">Léon&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilaire_(pape)" title="Hilaire (pape)">Hilaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simplice_(pape)" title="Simplice (pape)">Simplice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_III" title="Félix III">Félix&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9lase_Ier" title="Gélase Ier">Gélase&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anastase_II_(pape)" title="Anastase II (pape)">Anastase&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symmaque_(pape)" title="Symmaque (pape)">Symmaque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hormisdas" title="Hormisdas">Hormisdas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Ier_(pape)" title="Jean Ier (pape)">Jean&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_IV" title="Félix IV">Félix&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="4"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IV</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boniface_II" title="Boniface II">Boniface&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_II_(pape)" title="Jean II (pape)">Jean&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agapet_Ier" title="Agapet Ier">Agapet&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silv%C3%A8re" title="Silvère">Silvère</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vigile_(pape)" title="Vigile (pape)">Vigile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9lage_Ier" title="Pélage Ier">Pélage&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_III_(pape)" title="Jean III (pape)">Jean&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beno%C3%AEt_Ier" title="Benoît Ier">Benoît&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9lage_II" title="Pélage II">Pélage&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A9goire_Ier" title="Grégoire Ier">Grégoire&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabinien" title="Sabinien">Sabinien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boniface_III" title="Boniface III">Boniface&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boniface_IV" title="Boniface IV">Boniface&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="4"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IV</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ad%C3%A9odat_Ier" title="Adéodat Ier">Adéodat&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boniface_V" title="Boniface V">Boniface&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="5"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">V</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honorius_Ier" title="Honorius Ier">Honorius&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9verin_(pape)" title="Séverin (pape)">Séverin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_IV_(pape)" title="Jean IV (pape)">Jean&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="4"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IV</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9odore_Ier_(pape)" title="Théodore Ier (pape)">Théodore&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Ier_(pape)" title="Martin Ier (pape)">Martin&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Ier" title="Eugène Ier">Eugène&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitalien_(pape)" title="Vitalien (pape)">Vitalien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ad%C3%A9odat_II" title="Adéodat II">Adéodat&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donus" title="Donus">Donus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agathon_(pape)" title="Agathon (pape)">Agathon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_II_(pape)" title="Léon II (pape)">Léon&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beno%C3%AEt_II" title="Benoît II">Benoît&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_V_(pape)" title="Jean V (pape)">Jean&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="5"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">V</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conon_(pape)" title="Conon (pape)">Conon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serge_Ier_(pape)" title="Serge Ier (pape)">Serge&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_VI_(pape)" title="Jean VI (pape)">Jean&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="6"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">VI</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_VII_(pape)" title="Jean VII (pape)">Jean&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="7"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">VII</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisinnius" title="Sisinnius">Sisinnius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_(pape)" title="Constantin (pape)">Constantin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A9goire_II" title="Grégoire II">Grégoire&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A9goire_III" title="Grégoire III">Grégoire&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zacharie_(pape)" title="Zacharie (pape)">Zacharie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_II_(pape)" title="Étienne II (pape)">Étienne&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Ier_(pape)" title="Paul Ier (pape)">Paul&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_III_(pape)" title="Étienne III (pape)">Étienne&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrien_Ier" title="Adrien Ier">Adrien&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_III_(pape)" title="Léon III (pape)">Léon&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr></a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#ffce00;"><a href="/wiki/IXe_si%C3%A8cle" title="IXe siècle"><abbr class="abbr" title="9ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">IX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr></a>&#32;–&#32;<a href="/wiki/XIIe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XIIe siècle"><abbr class="abbr" title="12ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr></a>&#160;siècle</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_IV_(pape)" title="Étienne IV (pape)">Étienne&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="4"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IV</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascal_Ier" title="Pascal Ier">Pascal&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_II" title="Eugène II">Eugène&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valentin_(pape)" title="Valentin (pape)">Valentin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A9goire_IV" title="Grégoire IV">Grégoire&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="4"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IV</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serge_II" title="Serge II">Serge&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_IV_(pape)" title="Léon IV (pape)">Léon&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="4"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IV</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beno%C3%AEt_III" title="Benoît III">Benoît&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Ier_(pape)" title="Nicolas Ier (pape)">Nicolas&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrien_II" title="Adrien II">Adrien&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_VIII_(pape)" title="Jean VIII (pape)">Jean&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="8"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">VIII</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marin_Ier" title="Marin Ier">Marin&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrien_III" title="Adrien III">Adrien&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_V_(pape)" title="Étienne V (pape)">Étienne&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="5"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">V</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formose_(pape)" title="Formose (pape)">Formose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boniface_VI" title="Boniface VI">Boniface&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="6"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">VI</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_VI_(pape)" title="Étienne VI (pape)">Étienne&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="6"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">VI</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romain_(pape)" title="Romain (pape)">Romain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9odore_II_(pape)" title="Théodore II (pape)">Théodore&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_IX" title="Jean IX">Jean&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="9"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IX</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beno%C3%AEt_IV" title="Benoît IV">Benoît&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="4"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IV</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_V_(pape)" title="Léon V (pape)">Léon&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="5"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">V</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serge_III" title="Serge III">Serge&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anastase_III" title="Anastase III">Anastase&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landon_(pape)" title="Landon (pape)">Landon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_X" title="Jean X">Jean&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="10"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">X</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_VI_(pape)" title="Léon VI (pape)">Léon&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="6"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">VI</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_VII" title="Étienne VII">Étienne&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="7"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">VII</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_XI" title="Jean XI">Jean&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="11"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">XI</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_VII" title="Léon VII">Léon&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="7"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">VII</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_VIII" title="Étienne VIII">Étienne&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="8"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">VIII</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marin_II" title="Marin II">Marin&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agapet_II" title="Agapet II">Agapet&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_XII" title="Jean XII">Jean&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="12"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">XII</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beno%C3%AEt_V" title="Benoît V">Benoît&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="5"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">V</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_VIII" title="Léon VIII">Léon&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="8"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">VIII</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_XIII" title="Jean XIII">Jean&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="13"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">XIII</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beno%C3%AEt_VI" title="Benoît VI">Benoît&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="6"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">VI</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beno%C3%AEt_VII" title="Benoît VII">Benoît&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="7"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">VII</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_XIV" title="Jean XIV">Jean&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="14"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">XIV</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_XV" title="Jean XV">Jean&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="15"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">XV</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A9goire_V" title="Grégoire V">Grégoire&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="5"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">V</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvestre_II" title="Sylvestre II">Sylvestre&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_XVII" title="Jean XVII">Jean&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="17"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">XVII</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_XVIII" title="Jean XVIII">Jean&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="18"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">XVIII</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serge_IV" title="Serge IV">Serge&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="4"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IV</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beno%C3%AEt_VIII" title="Benoît VIII">Benoît&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="8"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">VIII</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_XIX" title="Jean XIX">Jean&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="19"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">XIX</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beno%C3%AEt_IX" title="Benoît IX">Benoît&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="9"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IX</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvestre_III" title="Sylvestre III">Sylvestre&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A9goire_VI" title="Grégoire VI">Grégoire&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="6"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">VI</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%A9ment_II" title="Clément II">Clément&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damase_II" title="Damase II">Damase&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_IX" title="Léon IX">Léon&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="9"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IX</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_II" title="Victor II">Victor&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_IX" title="Étienne IX">Étienne&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="9"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IX</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_II_(pape)" title="Nicolas II (pape)">Nicolas&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_II_(pape)" title="Alexandre II (pape)">Alexandre&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bon article"><img alt="Bon article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/14px-Bon_article.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/21px-Bon_article.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/28px-Bon_article.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A9goire_VII" title="Grégoire VII">Grégoire&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="7"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">VII</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_III" title="Victor III">Victor&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urbain_II" title="Urbain II">Urbain&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascal_II" title="Pascal II">Pascal&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9lase_II" title="Gélase II">Gélase&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calixte_II" title="Calixte II">Calixte&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honorius_II" title="Honorius II">Honorius&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innocent_II" title="Innocent II">Innocent&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9lestin_II" title="Célestin II">Célestin&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_II" title="Lucius II">Lucius&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_III" title="Eugène III">Eugène&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anastase_IV" title="Anastase IV">Anastase&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="4"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IV</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrien_IV" title="Adrien IV">Adrien&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="4"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IV</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_III_(pape)" title="Alexandre III (pape)">Alexandre&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_III" title="Lucius III">Lucius&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urbain_III" title="Urbain III">Urbain&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A9goire_VIII" title="Grégoire VIII">Grégoire&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="8"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">VIII</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%A9ment_III" title="Clément III">Clément&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9lestin_III" title="Célestin III">Célestin&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innocent_III" title="Innocent III">Innocent&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr></a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#ffce00;"><a href="/wiki/XIIIe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XIIIe siècle"><abbr class="abbr" title="13ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XIII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr></a>&#32;–&#32;<a href="/wiki/XVIe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XVIe siècle"><abbr class="abbr" title="16ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XVI</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr></a>&#160;siècle</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="background-color:#ffffd0;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Honorius_III" title="Honorius III">Honorius&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A9goire_IX" title="Grégoire IX">Grégoire&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="9"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IX</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9lestin_IV" title="Célestin IV">Célestin&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="4"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IV</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innocent_IV" title="Innocent IV">Innocent&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="4"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IV</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_IV_(pape)" title="Alexandre IV (pape)">Alexandre&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="4"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IV</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urbain_IV" title="Urbain IV">Urbain&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="4"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IV</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%A9ment_IV" title="Clément IV">Clément&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="4"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IV</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A9goire_X" title="Grégoire X">Grégoire&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="10"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">X</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innocent_V" title="Innocent V">Innocent&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="5"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">V</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrien_V" title="Adrien V">Adrien&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="5"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">V</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_XXI" title="Jean XXI">Jean&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="21"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">XXI</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_III" title="Nicolas III">Nicolas&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_IV" title="Martin IV">Martin&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="4"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IV</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honorius_IV" title="Honorius IV">Honorius&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="4"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IV</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_IV" title="Nicolas IV">Nicolas&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="4"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IV</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9lestin_V" title="Célestin V">Célestin&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="5"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">V</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boniface_VIII" title="Boniface VIII">Boniface&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="8"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">VIII</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beno%C3%AEt_XI" title="Benoît XI">Benoît&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="11"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">XI</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%A9ment_V" title="Clément V">Clément&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="5"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">V</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_XXII" title="Jean XXII">Jean&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="22"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">XXII</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beno%C3%AEt_XII" title="Benoît XII">Benoît&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="12"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">XII</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%A9ment_VI" title="Clément VI">Clément&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="6"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">VI</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innocent_VI" title="Innocent VI">Innocent&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="6"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">VI</span></abbr></a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bon article"><img alt="Bon article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/14px-Bon_article.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/21px-Bon_article.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/28px-Bon_article.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Urbain_V" title="Urbain V">Urbain&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="5"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">V</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A9goire_XI" title="Grégoire XI">Grégoire&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="11"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">XI</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urbain_VI" title="Urbain VI">Urbain&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="6"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">VI</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Boniface&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="9"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IX</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innocent_VII" title="Innocent VII">Innocent&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="7"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">VII</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A9goire_XII" title="Grégoire XII">Grégoire&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="12"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">XII</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_V" title="Martin V">Martin&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="5"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">V</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_IV" title="Eugène IV">Eugène&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="4"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IV</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_V" title="Nicolas V">Nicolas&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="5"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">V</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calixte_III" title="Calixte III">Calixte&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pie_II" title="Pie II">Pie&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_II" title="Paul II">Paul&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixte_IV" title="Sixte IV">Sixte&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="4"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IV</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innocent_VIII" title="Innocent VIII">Innocent&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="8"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">VIII</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_VI" title="Alexandre VI">Alexandre&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="6"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">VI</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pie_III" title="Pie III">Pie&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_II" title="Jules II">Jules&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_X" title="Léon X">Léon&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="10"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">X</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrien_VI" title="Adrien VI">Adrien&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="6"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">VI</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%A9ment_VII" title="Clément VII">Clément&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="7"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">VII</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_III" title="Paul III">Paul&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_III" title="Jules III">Jules&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_II" title="Marcel II">Marcel&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_IV" title="Paul IV">Paul&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="4"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IV</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pie_IV" title="Pie IV">Pie&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="4"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IV</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pie_V" title="Pie V">Pie&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="5"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">V</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A9goire_XIII" title="Grégoire XIII">Grégoire&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="13"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">XIII</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixte_V" title="Sixte V">Sixte&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="5"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">V</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urbain_VII" title="Urbain VII">Urbain&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="7"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">VII</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A9goire_XIV" title="Grégoire XIV">Grégoire&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="14"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">XIV</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innocent_IX" title="Innocent IX">Innocent&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="9"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IX</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%A9ment_VIII" title="Clément VIII">Clément&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="8"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">VIII</span></abbr></a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#ffce00;">Depuis le<br /><a href="/wiki/XVIIe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XVIIe siècle"><abbr class="abbr" title="17ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XVII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&#160;siècle</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_XI" title="Léon XI">Léon&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="11"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">XI</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_V" title="Paul V">Paul&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="5"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">V</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A9goire_XV" title="Grégoire XV">Grégoire&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="15"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">XV</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urbain_VIII" title="Urbain VIII">Urbain&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="8"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">VIII</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innocent_X" title="Innocent X">Innocent&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="10"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">X</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_VII" title="Alexandre VII">Alexandre&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="7"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">VII</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%A9ment_IX" title="Clément IX">Clément&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="9"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IX</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%A9ment_X" title="Clément X">Clément&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="10"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">X</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innocent_XI" title="Innocent XI">Innocent&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="11"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">XI</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_VIII" title="Alexandre VIII">Alexandre&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="8"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">VIII</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innocent_XII" title="Innocent XII">Innocent&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="12"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">XII</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%A9ment_XI" title="Clément XI">Clément&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="11"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">XI</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innocent_XIII" title="Innocent XIII">Innocent&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="13"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">XIII</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beno%C3%AEt_XIII_(pape)" title="Benoît XIII (pape)">Benoît&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="13"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">XIII</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%A9ment_XII" title="Clément XII">Clément&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="12"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">XII</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beno%C3%AEt_XIV" title="Benoît XIV">Benoît&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="14"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">XIV</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%A9ment_XIII" title="Clément XIII">Clément&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="13"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">XIII</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%A9ment_XIV" title="Clément XIV">Clément&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="14"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">XIV</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pie_VI" title="Pie VI">Pie&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="6"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">VI</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pie_VII" title="Pie VII">Pie&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="7"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">VII</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_XII" title="Léon XII">Léon&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="12"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">XII</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pie_VIII" title="Pie VIII">Pie&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="8"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">VIII</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A9goire_XVI" title="Grégoire XVI">Grégoire&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="16"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">XVI</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pie_IX" title="Pie IX">Pie&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="9"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IX</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_XIII" title="Léon XIII">Léon&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="13"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">XIII</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pie_X" title="Pie X">Pie&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="10"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">X</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beno%C3%AEt_XV" title="Benoît XV">Benoît&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="15"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">XV</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pie_XI" title="Pie XI">Pie&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="11"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">XI</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pie_XII" title="Pie XII">Pie&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="12"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">XII</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_XXIII" title="Jean XXIII">Jean&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="23"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">XXIII</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_VI" title="Paul VI">Paul&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="6"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">VI</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Ier" title="Jean-Paul Ier">Jean-Paul&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_II" title="Jean-Paul II">Jean-Paul&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a 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