CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '913687c9f95afdf7',cH: '68mn159dIxUSmNqDfm2C7NWUiC8.NwRP67gblSL50MY-1739803204-1.2.1.1-8c9x1b2Xp83Xzycg5bVkAyDaExse2Xbug.wsA8zeWbFw67DROU52a_unNZb4MB3V',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=open%20data&__cf_chl_tk=nMqmK1c21plN9nKy_6E4mzg4XxfrrjJy_ndDZdCSE6M-1739803204-1.0.1.1-jzqBTPQec1Qe2RzPbXdGOHl3OpNYk70bQZSK3EYREiY",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1739803204',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=open%20data&__cf_chl_f_tk=nMqmK1c21plN9nKy_6E4mzg4XxfrrjJy_ndDZdCSE6M-1739803204-1.0.1.1-jzqBTPQec1Qe2RzPbXdGOHl3OpNYk70bQZSK3EYREiY",md: "x9eS46M6nl332y.GTDG.u3OhxYZi0alPymD8ldl2lQA-1739803204-1.2.1.1-jm21WcH70mm7.J3oGR7oyARiAhXvXs2_fZzIZv4zKSOR_Fv4knydqrINKKxeEtkWi_nqMwE5UVBMAO6COW_vO8wUDx9OVflzmz13E0eL6JluBBHyHQD4j98BHW_WRVgmgLdjSxHtItaScZ_tNfHjg_bbkUQtEH3sFnSlSkuxSDSs91wgTBo3B.rGDJ7mMmiL6PEV9m5jgYjpEIMGU3beXII8.4u_pRMSAWl3k_IBDfPtNLtF5ivJCYs0q.ZWWUPwjblFaKZ99npkHmISQ8aE4_XZwyNwfwL6gVerEvSRybQTd14FJbL3cWkahdyO8yiG4t4EXxO_1NMtMnr0Ao5pl_2z0zx2Tgn9cVC25bF0fu3VXlOJR95ZoiOke2zWwATQvhKeqyj4OR9E42tSUZ6At7wY9ciHsqmguGDkO5ncnf_weilkyJxZvohCIFuMN2r1Xa0iTssGAtMZzS5e5ZT4Xb5OJ3vTHsDs8.WLiBevyFWMGwq2ljkxRyLQXRMcltrS.B3qHAHCpG1dW4l0dcG8cEcSSF_2TVQqhH2F2ZIfObd3ANQsrtRSMdjbNbKvsYEp.XX1Y1S9J6LGTEYgua0yIuQs1XbGIzdWMQ_N0VQDCaZOKSvrrDx8zRuBP1m2B8tlwUz8hQpPgBvynH7Fi7DAlsQhoXieo6RnOVH.z6VDlAJHu1e94aPtuotStFvhONs.W.zD17zFD_QHJYsJvwnU3qUq4jln8uZJ2WuAV7EX2LDirtRnXzL4mBHux467vm6Vz3S_VtamL4hXPrX44KxlcAm72GgkrYkQZdqM8SeinI7mT4fOtKIUV1KqsRhKyhQusNNiHdIaOkL4cPIINpFf2OSCSQDb3ZOvBJ4qDVnx0DI_2pSQgSOB6U6FMlmomOY5gcZ8w5ycVfMMXKe_QiXF2xPn73oc4g5WhpzKVGNDvjF8.iNzToqfIXUABNoFFgygBF318stnS4YZF5blbi94ZfIYHBrRdt.3106DkGFWebafnAniUYEJ7k7BEQmJRU8_y_q0mtHGP1E8wp69ZyOcrvVlY7pCYudHq2VuyIT8oF5VRXqOtBV9cG4ICMyAGZD6eDsmTfy_GPVEnm7P6uAKaiIn9FTHW.GBz.feesubAvCUxObs32HJCLODib2Hog3JanZv_ru0jk8X1wpHe1Ib1.xSXa7Giz7dqdeKd8XK_eHfvzwoBmFetl.JJQeJBkQGgnAkYxPEwLnV4UcUk9XfDkaZ4MSHnr3OTZwdQ2YI0hhYvhwz7B4JUZKJV7B2YSuCZ8wK4CylVLsC5A9NJRxkqRO3lrZnVOl.ffvuXWeBvSaC.HKJQxtjJpNKqAeLySRJtJdfw85MooD_Ap_6p84ove4I0Ovb.Ss_ids3b2O399XivO4MP31hVwoASkPM3Wgn9gpg3vpi6hsVy_GXI1LoAivK1weTl072FeUwk0Xz2UAUWNCMrV9hU3PeiH07cfXZbn9GU3ZCJjXWuVRxUQPnau2e7g1f5KG8OK.skVB3jzlqZtB56LtvANMQfS1tXdzZOfcNL5X1zYaH8AZS0gQqeaUw1JFCH8sU9hlVacnxRJS1NYch51jYil2kdaSvYBV_beCDX6zDeIcGFB0lhVZOGA4ZNRAU08KLqLYU3eKwSjsTWPIVjO.ASxEh_5BCyvHynX_z5kQWpy0r3Z25XSmOtqZQJ7lxWV4.n9VbEIxvjjioilveIiEChL.NsAkFVkmdhdnn0j8vtjECNLuPfafqo9aYhipbWOQVYH7hcYScZ67x3IQP0hRN7MWgJPeIXwxuXcgQb_HarGC5wzQeeVdDlsF25g79NfuuUdVoaPGN0ulZiIAqfu8OjH5..yfdhDeiEPMD9xMCxf3n0iS_sfK2dA3JTGJvXtgsVBMGwRvUhx.U_hO..KmwPuMSlrjbYV5VjXIyrivsTYXimsm_u0ROlg",mdrd: "KYEXtvTy8CK2t1vDa3akjn2tfBjxHm_8v_tTPfaQpFI-1739803204-1.2.1.1-KUUufVU7fbUx.gXAvVB4La74ZwscYs9FQgOEPGz5MpprySHUi90iRhL5n_Mf2NLUvXh5HuhleCq54kZoBUTDen6e5iJTCW6Rvi67QfNqK2Sh4Q86225B57KEKh_6ixjB_h1s5qyzQCfao93ld5gCSnuF4y_tN7S8F26nDAugv__WWL1nfZppdSDaUjabEXRN0ncx2ILkffl1PGf2W.s1spOTR1DzUH9_T6b8AZ8qoLNBe598C4rcwFyWZfxPxieJa38DIE0zSyXEzOGlnMEgLiPuUjzaHkhutILsMSYt67ERcSmRSLEqWN3F.FZUKltBBiXN5T.rro97PwQlal5HtlNkfrlpZgP._3Y8OtlIhKW2wzn.cps9wGbwkwmOdUv6yebF8_1AdR_Yxc.0tM777frtYo_t0HxjRonGBU74fegpO9pKpKrCz9XZ5TUDPlK7aK02uTWLksIBW6L8LGJULfIiTnOdQ4Uv1mTTdDUaED9Q0pu1f3Wy9A4qrJThMZjwbSkicz3RP3L_0eFRjAfwm6SC.i5302khdc7wcChQIeYAuyJdumZcVUDTtxSQV8i.jt8C.JatxFznvFwzp6Qc49ThQ1.T5BEzjdcllB07eJ7DVKK4s2DjeqyIAUmnYx4xQho0cIeZf9kKS8dyJCptJzU_WqVAw2sPSflVsSvt8ek8xDFQTwWWAVhTxZe3TJ_ywLvkR_NcYiImiCJI0QL8hvOqQGf0_NLb3r2orwuAdswBRS2O0A1o.oInP2wUx8pX7fkwFw1oXl0meP7IH5Ks7OWa.S7v8ZqfOyHKCDpecfedCyNCl4lcFaVCxNiTEE1Sj394OwhVmffOErKZMgSgJuTsbisCNqUJvCBLGgMn1k6VUsY0M5ykD2SqRoMkYdwm.n_o07ZHlRS2UgChxkoOkxNn6RL4.yfKmDlY5m699kGz2Lpc.IVtCJXQDEwJ_V8cgFjwGihPuTHQQXMaLqeg.8uG7An59y0b3UCAteUyYVYt2hxh0jqWQ9fiF5IaC6KWFzdny4Tr7pSNb0NX03LMs_Si3zb1V7BmgX_ZiaLfv4SadD9yNBwEtiUqBskD_.Tg4M4h6VKEC.FcdnHbvbrrvTHvSlGzASXrA9HGO7iufnVasIUklQ3Muc63TaZM1dHFX8w1XN5FWE7w03SfiIFe6zU7xLT5_Vj6I26Cr9GBXSIfDP9SR5swZplIBHosN9Byi_50hYS2XN_nieDOlWgME8CObq.1BU0eOuJXNT3dSCwkWOwuyQHYLyccSyct40K6k2__CVU_ci495i2bNJY51F5Mi8QXVmFrht1tOK2EiKffQ5gz8uorgnzSehsJ4zsS1gOkVOOPD8Z7I8kWJZRRiPYsOORJeY56KFhgcMuUyZJuN5n7L1Q9mK9n5g4vxoPZHIIpdpfv1r8NkrEema1JrVO.VxyLHzWLFT5sRo6mLeMe1YjV0nnEgW0eVPFMR9Ce3pctuFJQN3m48S.xr6BjqpR_Tjd1ctSwrA4cPCDqKDaiDqTkro1eQu9CPJ0jtIaIGBDYUfW7pMXG0XCmuCR.vynuOFTfyRCZJp523Vy.QRbOlaD17djaQqeNZ6rmtUr9W.Cu.CI6VPM4ajuy9iz1pgwAASHT.cykhaOJGRnLOwVUqWmLx20Au73aiVoxY2YlBS7LJvwZVH4Eyw1LtzTATBwmSU9Ba7segZB5U0pLjjqnEDPKZMFb29FGgzTUaMqhQoUnsJiJynN89DAxROTXhm6lvuri4TJT9lwXTyzuMul2.O6q1YWsJENGmI0lGjGUvHQ74efL_gkbIxmz8GS7FI0r8DkffB19QWFRsDIWkjvcFDBkdRvxAziFVzclZSdm7nrLpDEz.cGSrKABrswmhx5LrQ5KJlYsJxllsOLf7truLMoHr_dLZAJryitDPpiR4BEDwxJOlHeSeTkhrls2TFYzA6X.CDCwID92Sp1DEnQeju2yTDPElR.RyAqMp3GF"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=913687c9f95afdf7';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=open%20data&__cf_chl_rt_tk=nMqmK1c21plN9nKy_6E4mzg4XxfrrjJy_ndDZdCSE6M-1739803204-1.0.1.1-jzqBTPQec1Qe2RzPbXdGOHl3OpNYk70bQZSK3EYREiY" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>