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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_city"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Modern city</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_city-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_and_municipal_status" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_and_municipal_status"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Administrative and municipal status</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Administrative_and_municipal_status-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Administrative and municipal status subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Administrative_and_municipal_status-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-City_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#City_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>City divisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-City_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transportation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Proposed_metro_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proposed_metro_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Proposed metro system</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Proposed_metro_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notable people subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marketing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marketing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Marketing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marketing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Twin towns – sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Perm, Russia</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 116 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-116" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">116 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm" title="Perm – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Perm" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-alt mw-list-item"><a href="https://alt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8C" title="Пермь – Southern Altai" lang="alt" hreflang="alt" data-title="Пермь" data-language-autonym="Алтай тил" data-language-local-name="Southern Altai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Алтай тил</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8D%95%E1%8B%A8%E1%88%AD%E1%88%9D" title="ፕየርም – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ፕየርም" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%85_(%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7)" title="بيرم (روسيا) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بيرم (روسيا)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B4" title="Բերմ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Բերմ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm" title="Perm – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Perm" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm" title="Perm – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Perm" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%85" title="پرم – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پرم" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE" title="পার্ম – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পার্ম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm" title="Perm – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Perm" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8C" title="Пермь – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Пермь" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC" title="Перм – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Перм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC" title="Перм – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Перм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC" title="Перм – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Перм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm_(grad)" title="Perm (grad) – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Perm (grad)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm" title="Perm – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Perm" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8C" title="Пермь – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Пермь" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm" title="Perm – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Perm" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%C4%95%D0%BC" title="Перĕм – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Перĕм" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm_(kapital_sa_lalawigan_sa_Rusya)" title="Perm (kapital sa lalawigan sa Rusya) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Perm (kapital sa lalawigan sa Rusya)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm_(m%C4%9Bsto)" title="Perm (město) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Perm (město)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm" title="Perm – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Perm" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm" title="Perm – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Perm" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm_(by)" title="Perm (by) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Perm (by)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm_(Stadt)" title="Perm (Stadt) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Perm (Stadt)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm" title="Perm – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Perm" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC" title="Περμ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Περμ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8C_%D0%BE%D1%88" title="Пермь ош – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Пермь ош" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm" title="Perm – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Perm" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permjo" title="Permjo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Permjo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm" title="Perm – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Perm" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%85" title="پرم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پرم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm" title="Perm – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Perm" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm_(st%C3%AAd)" title="Perm (stêd) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Perm (stêd)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm" title="Perm – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Perm" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm" title="Perm – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Perm" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8E%98%EB%A6%84" title="페름 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="페름" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm" title="Perm – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Perm" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B4" title="Պերմ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պերմ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE" title="पर्म – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पर्म" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm" title="Perm – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Perm" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm_(Permski_kraj,_Rusija)" title="Perm (Permski kraj, Rusija) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Perm (Permski kraj, Rusija)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm" title="Perm – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Perm" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm" title="Perm – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Perm" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm" title="Perm – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Perm" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm" title="Perm – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Perm" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8C" title="Пермь – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Пермь" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm_(borg)" title="Perm (borg) – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Perm (borg)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm%27" title="Perm' – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Perm'" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%9D_(%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A8)" title="פרם (עיר) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פרם (עיר)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="პერმი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პერმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm" title="Perm – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Perm" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC" title="Перым – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Перым" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm" title="Perm – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Perm" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8C" title="Пермь – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Пермь" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm_(Ruscia)" title="Perm (Ruscia) – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Perm (Ruscia)" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permia" title="Permia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Permia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perma" title="Perma – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Perma" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm_(Stad)" title="Perm (Stad) – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Perm (Stad)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8C" title="Пермь – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Пермь" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm%C4%97" title="Permė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Permė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm_(stad)" title="Perm (stad) – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Perm (stad)" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm%27" title="Perm' – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Perm'" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm_(telep%C3%BCl%C3%A9s)" title="Perm (település) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Perm (település)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC" title="Перм – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Перм" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE" title="पर्म – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पर्म" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="პერმი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="პერმი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm,_Rusia" title="Perm, Rusia – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Perm, Rusia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8C" title="Пермь – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Пермь" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm_(stad)" title="Perm (stad) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Perm (stad)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9A%E3%83%AB%E3%83%9F" title="ペルミ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ペルミ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8C" title="Пермь – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Пермь" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm_(St%C3%A4%C3%A4d)" title="Perm (Stääd) – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Perm (Stääd)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm_(by)" title="Perm (by) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Perm (by)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm" title="Perm – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Perm" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm" title="Perm – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Perm" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8C" title="Пермь – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Пермь" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm" title="Perm – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Perm" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%85_(%D8%B4%DB%81%D8%B1)" title="پرم (شہر) – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پرم (شہر)" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%85" title="پيرم – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="پيرم" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Перем – Komi-Permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Перем" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm" title="Perm – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Perm" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm_(miasto)" title="Perm (miasto) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Perm (miasto)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm" title="Perm – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Perm" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm" title="Perm – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Perm" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm" title="Perm – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Perm" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8C" title="Пермь – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пермь" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm" title="Perm – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Perm" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm" title="Perm – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Perm" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm,_Russia" title="Perm, Russia – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Perm, Russia" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm_(mesto)" title="Perm (mesto) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Perm (mesto)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm,_Rusija" title="Perm, Rusija – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Perm, Rusija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%94%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8C" title="Пєрмь – Church Slavic" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Пєрмь" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Church Slavic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC_(%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4)" title="Перм (град) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Перм (град)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm" title="Perm – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Perm" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm" title="Perm – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Perm" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm,_Ryssland" title="Perm, Ryssland – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Perm, Ryssland" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm" title="Perm – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Perm" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="பேர்ம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பேர்ம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8C" title="Пермь – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Пермь" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A1" title="เปียร์ม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เปียร์ม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC" title="Перм – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Перм" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm" title="Perm – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Perm" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm" title="Perm – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Perm" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8C" title="Пермь – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Пермь" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC" title="Перм – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Перм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%85" title="پیرم – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پیرم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm%27" title="Perm' – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Perm'" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm" title="Perm – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Perm" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm" title="Perm – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Perm" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm" title="Perm – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Perm" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm" title="Perm – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Perm" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BD%BC%E5%B0%94%E5%A7%86" title="彼尔姆 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="彼尔姆" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BD%BC%E7%88%BE%E5%A7%86" title="彼爾姆 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="彼爾姆" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BD%BC%E5%B0%94%E5%A7%86" title="彼尔姆 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="彼尔姆" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm" title="Perm – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Perm" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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<div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Perm%2C_Russia&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perm,_Russia&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8C" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage 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title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Perm,_Russia&params=58_00_N_56_19_E_type:city(100,000)_region:RU"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">58°00′N</span> <span class="longitude">56°19′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">58.000°N 56.317°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">58.000; 56.317</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Perm Krai, Russia</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the city. 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Perm%2C+Russia%22">"Perm, Russia"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Perm%2C+Russia%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Perm%2C+Russia%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Perm%2C+Russia%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Perm%2C+Russia%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Perm%2C+Russia%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span 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class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article's <b>use of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links" title="Wikipedia:External links">external links</a> may not follow Wikipedia's policies or guidelines</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perm,_Russia&action=edit">improve this article</a> by removing <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_mirror_or_a_repository_of_links,_images,_or_media_files" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">excessive</a> or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links" title="Wikipedia:External links">inappropriate</a> external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">footnote references</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Perm Krai, Russia</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Perm</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native">Пермь</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Types_of_inhabited_localities_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Types of inhabited localities in Russia">City</a><sup id="cite_ref-Ref127_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref127-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="background-color:white;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid white;width:266px;display:table;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:2px 0 0 2px"><div style="display:table;background-color:white;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kama_River._Perm._Art_Gallery_(former_Transfiguration_Cathedral)_P6242387_2575.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Kama_River._Perm._Art_Gallery_%28former_Transfiguration_Cathedral%29_P6242387_2575.jpg/266px-Kama_River._Perm._Art_Gallery_%28former_Transfiguration_Cathedral%29_P6242387_2575.jpg" decoding="async" width="266" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Kama_River._Perm._Art_Gallery_%28former_Transfiguration_Cathedral%29_P6242387_2575.jpg/399px-Kama_River._Perm._Art_Gallery_%28former_Transfiguration_Cathedral%29_P6242387_2575.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Kama_River._Perm._Art_Gallery_%28former_Transfiguration_Cathedral%29_P6242387_2575.jpg/532px-Kama_River._Perm._Art_Gallery_%28former_Transfiguration_Cathedral%29_P6242387_2575.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3862" data-file-height="2575" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:white;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2019-09-10_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/2019-09-10_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B.jpg/132px-2019-09-10_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/2019-09-10_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B.jpg/198px-2019-09-10_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/2019-09-10_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B.jpg/264px-2019-09-10_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="3120" /></a></span></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Perm_Russia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Perm_Russia.jpg/132px-Perm_Russia.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Perm_Russia.jpg/198px-Perm_Russia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Perm_Russia.jpg/264px-Perm_Russia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:white;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Krasavinsky_bridge_2022_-_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Krasavinsky_bridge_2022_-_4.jpg/266px-Krasavinsky_bridge_2022_-_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="266" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Krasavinsky_bridge_2022_-_4.jpg/399px-Krasavinsky_bridge_2022_-_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Krasavinsky_bridge_2022_-_4.jpg/532px-Krasavinsky_bridge_2022_-_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3769" data-file-height="2120" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div></div> <div style="font-size:95%"><b>From the top to the left:</b> Kama River and Art Gallery (former Transfiguration Cathedral), Perm Embankment near the Motovilikha plant, A view over the city of Perm, Krasavinsky bridge</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Perm.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Perm"><img alt="Flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Perm.svg/125px-Flag_of_Perm.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Perm.svg/188px-Flag_of_Perm.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Perm.svg/250px-Flag_of_Perm.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Perm.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Perm"><img alt="Coat of arms" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Coat_of_Arms_of_Perm.svg/70px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Perm.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Coat_of_Arms_of_Perm.svg/105px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Perm.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Coat_of_Arms_of_Perm.svg/140px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Perm.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="202" data-file-height="252" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; height:5px;">Location of Perm</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <div class="center" style="margin-top:1em"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="200" data-zoom="8" data-overlays="["_982aac5521f886e55e8076627115fde07ae3b01f"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,8,a,a,270x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Perm%2C_Russia&revid=1259761383&groups=_982aac5521f886e55e8076627115fde07ae3b01f" width="270" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,8,a,a,270x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Perm%2C_Russia&revid=1259761383&groups=_982aac5521f886e55e8076627115fde07ae3b01f 2x" alt="Map" /></a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Outline_Map_of_Perm_Krai.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Perm is located in Perm Krai"><img alt="Perm is located in Perm Krai" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Outline_Map_of_Perm_Krai.svg/250px-Outline_Map_of_Perm_Krai.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="315" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Outline_Map_of_Perm_Krai.svg/375px-Outline_Map_of_Perm_Krai.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Outline_Map_of_Perm_Krai.svg/500px-Outline_Map_of_Perm_Krai.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1258" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:66.667%;left:59.078%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Perm"><img alt="Perm" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Perm</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location of Perm</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Perm Krai</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:European_Russia_location_map_(2014%E2%80%932022,_Crimea_disputed).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Perm is located in European Russia"><img alt="Perm is located in European Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/European_Russia_location_map_%282014%E2%80%932022%2C_Crimea_disputed%29.svg/250px-European_Russia_location_map_%282014%E2%80%932022%2C_Crimea_disputed%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/European_Russia_location_map_%282014%E2%80%932022%2C_Crimea_disputed%29.svg/375px-European_Russia_location_map_%282014%E2%80%932022%2C_Crimea_disputed%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/European_Russia_location_map_%282014%E2%80%932022%2C_Crimea_disputed%29.svg/500px-European_Russia_location_map_%282014%E2%80%932022%2C_Crimea_disputed%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="1558" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:47.362%;left:77.074%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Perm"><img alt="Perm" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Perm</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Perm (European Russia)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of European Russia</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Europe_blank_laea_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Perm is located in Europe"><img alt="Perm is located in Europe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Europe_blank_laea_location_map.svg/250px-Europe_blank_laea_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Europe_blank_laea_location_map.svg/375px-Europe_blank_laea_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Europe_blank_laea_location_map.svg/500px-Europe_blank_laea_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1401" data-file-height="1198" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:18.217%;left:88.209%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Perm"><img alt="Perm" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Perm</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Perm (Europe)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Europe</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Perm,_Russia&params=58_00_N_56_19_E_type:city(100,000)_region:RU"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">58°00′N</span> <span class="longitude">56°19′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">58.000°N 56.317°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">58.000; 56.317</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Federal_subjects_of_Russia" title="Federal subjects of Russia">Federal subject</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Perm_Krai" title="Perm Krai">Perm Krai</a><sup id="cite_ref-Ref127_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref127-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">May 15, 1723</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">City status since</th><td class="infobox-data">October 29, 1781</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent">Perm <a href="/wiki/City_Duma" class="mw-redirect" title="City Duma">City Duma</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor<sup id="cite_ref-Ref4_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref4-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data">Eduard Sosnin<sup id="cite_ref-Ref4_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref4-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-БД_ПМО_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-БД_ПМО-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">799.68 km<sup>2</sup> (308.76 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-a9df954cff1f88c22ad1fdf99c944962dc31b081-v18_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-a9df954cff1f88c22ad1fdf99c944962dc31b081-v18-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">171 m (561 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(<a href="/wiki/Russian_Census_(2010)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Census (2010)">2010 Census</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-2010Census_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2010Census-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">991,162</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Estimate <div class="ib-settlement-fn">(2018)<sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-d84f748bde80dac87e899490e943a9ac5d33eca8-v18_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-d84f748bde80dac87e899490e943a9ac5d33eca8-v18-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,051,583 (<span style="color:green;">+6.1%</span>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Russia_by_population" title="List of cities and towns in Russia by population">13th</a> in 2010</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">1,200/km<sup>2</sup> (3,200/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Russia#Administrative_divisions" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdivisions of Russia">Administrative status</a></div><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <span style="font-weight:normal;">Subordinated to</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/City_of_federal_subject_significance" title="City of federal subject significance">city of krai significance</a> of Perm<sup id="cite_ref-Ref127_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref127-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <span style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_centre" title="Administrative centre">Capital</a> of</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Perm_Krai" title="Perm Krai">Perm Krai</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Ref127_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref127-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Permsky_District" title="Permsky District">Permsky District</a><sup id="cite_ref-Ref127_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref127-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Russia#Municipal_divisions" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdivisions of Russia">Municipal status</a></div><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <span style="font-weight:normal;">Urban okrug</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Perm Urban Okrug<sup id="cite_ref-Ref843_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref843-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <span style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_centre" title="Administrative centre">Capital</a> of</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Perm Urban Okrug,<sup id="cite_ref-Ref843_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref843-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Permsky Municipal District<sup id="cite_ref-Ref1262_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref1262-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B5" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+5">UTC+5</a> (<a href="/wiki/Yekaterinburg_Time" title="Yekaterinburg Time">MSK+2</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5400?uselang=en#P421" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span><sup id="cite_ref-vremeni_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vremeni-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postal_codes_in_Russia" title="Postal codes in Russia">Postal code(s)</a><sup id="cite_ref-PostalCode_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PostalCode-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">614xxx</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Russia" title="Telephone numbers in Russia">Dialing code(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">+7 342<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/OKTMO" title="OKTMO">OKTMO</a> ID</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">57701000001</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">City Day</th><td class="infobox-data">June 12</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gorodperm.ru/">www<wbr />.gorodperm<wbr />.ru</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Perm</b> (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Пермь</span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">IPA:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ru-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Russian" title="Help:IPA/Russian">[pʲermʲ]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/f\/f1\/Ru-%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8C.ogg\/Ru-%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8C.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Ru-\u041f\u0435\u0440\u043c\u044c.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f1/Ru-%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8C.ogg/Ru-%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8C.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Ru-%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8C.ogg" title="File:Ru-Пермь.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Komi-Permyak_language" title="Komi-Permyak language">Komi-Permyak</a>: <span lang="koi">Перем</span>; <a href="/wiki/Komi_language" title="Komi language">Komi</a>: <span lang="kv">Перым</span>), previously known as <b><a href="/wiki/Yegoshikha" title="Yegoshikha">Yagoshikha</a></b> (<span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Ягошиха</span></span>; 1723–1781) and <b>Molotov</b> (<span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Молотов</span></span>; 1940–1957), is the <a href="/wiki/Administrative_centre" title="Administrative centre">administrative centre</a> of <a href="/wiki/Perm_Krai" title="Perm Krai">Perm Krai</a> in the European part of <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>. It sits on the banks of the <a href="/wiki/Kama_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Kama River">Kama River</a> near the <a href="/wiki/Ural_Mountains" title="Ural Mountains">Ural Mountains</a>, covering an area of 799.68 square kilometres (308.76 square miles). With over one million residents<sup id="cite_ref-est.2020_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-est.2020-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Perm is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Russia_by_population" title="List of cities and towns in Russia by population">15th-largest city</a> in Russia and the 5th-largest in the <a href="/wiki/Volga_Federal_District" title="Volga Federal District">Volga Federal District</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perm,_Russia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1723, a copper-smelting works was founded at the village of <i>Yagoshikha</i>. In 1781 the settlement of Yagoshikha became the town of <i>Perm</i>. Perm's position on the navigable Kama River, leading to the <a href="/wiki/Volga" title="Volga">Volga</a>, and on the <a href="/wiki/Siberian_Route" title="Siberian Route">Siberian Route</a> across the Ural Mountains, helped it become an important trade and manufacturing centre. It also lay along the <a href="/wiki/Trans-Siberian_Railway" title="Trans-Siberian Railway">Trans-Siberian Railway</a>. Perm grew considerably as industrialization proceeded in the Urals during the <a href="/wiki/Soviet" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet">Soviet</a> period, and in 1940 was named <i>Molotov</i> in honour of <a href="/wiki/Vyacheslav_Molotov" title="Vyacheslav Molotov">Vyacheslav Molotov</a>. In 1957 the city returned to its historical name. </p><p>Modern Perm is still a major railway hub and one of the chief industrial centers of the Urals region. The city's diversified metallurgical and engineering industries produce equipment and machine tools for the petroleum and coal industries, as well as agricultural machinery. A major petroleum refinery uses oil transported by pipeline from the West Siberian oilfields, and the city's large chemical industry makes fertilizers and dyes. The city's institutions of higher education include the Perm A.M. Gorky State University, founded in 1916. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perm,_Russia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name <i>Perm</i> is of <a href="/wiki/Uralic_languages" title="Uralic languages">Uralic</a> etymology (<a href="/wiki/Komi-Permyak_language" title="Komi-Permyak language">Komi-Permyak</a>: Перем, <i>Perem</i>; <a href="/wiki/Komi_language" title="Komi language">Komi</a>: <span lang="kv">Перым</span>, <i>Perym</i>). Komi is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Permic_languages" title="Permic languages">Permic</a> branch of the Uralic languages, which is also named for Perm. In <a href="/wiki/Finnish_language" title="Finnish language">Finnish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vepsian" class="mw-redirect" title="Vepsian">Vepsian</a> <i>perämaa</i> means "far-away land"; similarly, in <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a> <i>perem</i> means "edge" or "verge". The <a href="/wiki/Geologic_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Geologic period">geologic period</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Permian" title="Permian">Permian</a> takes its name from the <a href="/wiki/Toponym" class="mw-redirect" title="Toponym">toponym</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perm,_Russia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Great_Perm" title="Great Perm">Great Perm</a></div> <p>Perm is located in the old Permiak area. Perm was first mentioned as the village of <b>Yagoshikha</b> (<span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Ягошиха</span></span>) in 1647; however, the history of the modern city of Perm starts with the development of the <a href="/wiki/Ural_(region)" title="Ural (region)">Ural region</a> by <a href="/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar">Tsar</a> <a href="/wiki/Peter_the_Great" title="Peter the Great">Peter the Great</a>. <a href="/wiki/Vasily_Tatishchev" title="Vasily Tatishchev">Vasily Tatishchev</a>, appointed by the Tsar as a chief manager of Ural factories, founded Perm together with another major centre of the Ural region, <a href="/wiki/Yekaterinburg" title="Yekaterinburg">Yekaterinburg</a>. </p><p>In the 19th century, Perm became a major trade and industrial centre with a population of more than 20,000 people in the 1860s, with several <a href="/wiki/Metallurgy" title="Metallurgy">metallurgy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paper" title="Paper">paper</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Steamboat" title="Steamboat">steamboat</a> producing factories, including one owned by a British entrepreneur. In 1870, an opera theatre was opened in the city, and in 1871 the first <a href="/wiki/Phosphorus" title="Phosphorus">phosphoric</a> factory in Russia was built. In 1916, <a href="/wiki/Perm_State_University" title="Perm State University">Perm State University</a>—a major educational institution in modern Russia—was opened. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Perm-c1910.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Perm-c1910.jpg/220px-Perm-c1910.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Perm-c1910.jpg/330px-Perm-c1910.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Perm-c1910.jpg/440px-Perm-c1910.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2600" data-file-height="1644" /></a><figcaption>Pokrovskaya Street (nowadays Lenin street) in central Perm around 1910</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Urban_two-storey_wooden_house.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Urban_two-storey_wooden_house.png/220px-Urban_two-storey_wooden_house.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Urban_two-storey_wooden_house.png/330px-Urban_two-storey_wooden_house.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Urban_two-storey_wooden_house.png/440px-Urban_two-storey_wooden_house.png 2x" data-file-width="4096" data-file-height="2464" /></a><figcaption>This house is a typical example of the wooden buildings of Perm in the early 20th century. Location home: 14a, Klimenko str.</figcaption></figure> <p>After the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Civil_War" title="Russian Civil War">Russian Civil War</a>, Perm became a prime target for both sides because of its military <a href="/wiki/Munitions" class="mw-redirect" title="Munitions">munitions</a> factories. It was heavily rumored from July–September 1918 that the Tsarina <a href="/wiki/Alexandra_Feodorovna_(Alix_of_Hesse)" title="Alexandra Feodorovna (Alix of Hesse)">Alexandra Feodorovna</a> and her four daughters were imprisoned at the perception and Berezine buildings. According to the File on the Tsar, the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchess_Anastasia" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Duchess Anastasia">Grand Duchess Anastasia</a> would have attempted to flee. On December 25, 1918, the Siberian <a href="/wiki/White_movement" title="White movement">White Army</a> under <a href="/wiki/Anatoly_Pepelyayev" title="Anatoly Pepelyayev">Anatoly Pepelyayev</a> (who acknowledged the authority of the <a href="/wiki/Omsk" title="Omsk">Omsk</a> Government of <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Kolchak" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleksandr Kolchak">Aleksandr Kolchak</a>), took Perm. On July 1, 1919, the city was retaken by the <a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Red Army</a>. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerycaption">Early color photographs by <a href="/wiki/Sergey_Prokudin-Gorsky" title="Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky">Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky</a>, taken in 1910</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 142px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sergei_Mikhailovich_Prokudin-Gorskii_-_City_of_Perm._General_view_(1910).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="General view of City of Perm"><img alt="General view of City of Perm" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Sergei_Mikhailovich_Prokudin-Gorskii_-_City_of_Perm._General_view_%281910%29.jpg/210px-Sergei_Mikhailovich_Prokudin-Gorskii_-_City_of_Perm._General_view_%281910%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Sergei_Mikhailovich_Prokudin-Gorskii_-_City_of_Perm._General_view_%281910%29.jpg/315px-Sergei_Mikhailovich_Prokudin-Gorskii_-_City_of_Perm._General_view_%281910%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Sergei_Mikhailovich_Prokudin-Gorskii_-_City_of_Perm._General_view_%281910%29.jpg/420px-Sergei_Mikhailovich_Prokudin-Gorskii_-_City_of_Perm._General_view_%281910%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3366" data-file-height="2885" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">General view of City of Perm</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sergei_Mikhailovich_Prokudin-Gorskii_-_General_view_of_the_city_of_Perm_from_Gorodskie_Gorki_(1910).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="General view of the city of Perm from Gorodskiye Gorki"><img alt="General view of the city of Perm from Gorodskiye Gorki" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Sergei_Mikhailovich_Prokudin-Gorskii_-_General_view_of_the_city_of_Perm_from_Gorodskie_Gorki_%281910%29.jpg/240px-Sergei_Mikhailovich_Prokudin-Gorskii_-_General_view_of_the_city_of_Perm_from_Gorodskie_Gorki_%281910%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Sergei_Mikhailovich_Prokudin-Gorskii_-_General_view_of_the_city_of_Perm_from_Gorodskie_Gorki_%281910%29.jpg/360px-Sergei_Mikhailovich_Prokudin-Gorskii_-_General_view_of_the_city_of_Perm_from_Gorodskie_Gorki_%281910%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Sergei_Mikhailovich_Prokudin-Gorskii_-_General_view_of_the_city_of_Perm_from_Gorodskie_Gorki_%281910%29.jpg/480px-Sergei_Mikhailovich_Prokudin-Gorskii_-_General_view_of_the_city_of_Perm_from_Gorodskie_Gorki_%281910%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3348" data-file-height="2512" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">General view of the city of Perm from Gorodskiye Gorki</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 133.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sergei_Mikhailovich_Prokudin-Gorskii_-_Razguliai,_outskirts_of_the_city_of_Perm_(1910).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Razgulyay, outskirts of the city of Perm"><img alt="Razgulyay, outskirts of the city of Perm" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Sergei_Mikhailovich_Prokudin-Gorskii_-_Razguliai%2C_outskirts_of_the_city_of_Perm_%281910%29.jpg/200px-Sergei_Mikhailovich_Prokudin-Gorskii_-_Razguliai%2C_outskirts_of_the_city_of_Perm_%281910%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Sergei_Mikhailovich_Prokudin-Gorskii_-_Razguliai%2C_outskirts_of_the_city_of_Perm_%281910%29.jpg/300px-Sergei_Mikhailovich_Prokudin-Gorskii_-_Razguliai%2C_outskirts_of_the_city_of_Perm_%281910%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Sergei_Mikhailovich_Prokudin-Gorskii_-_Razguliai%2C_outskirts_of_the_city_of_Perm_%281910%29.jpg/399px-Sergei_Mikhailovich_Prokudin-Gorskii_-_Razguliai%2C_outskirts_of_the_city_of_Perm_%281910%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3417" data-file-height="3080" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Razgulyay, outskirts of the city of Perm</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 144px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 142px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Perm._Mary_Magdalene_Church.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Mary Magdalene Church of the city Perm"><img alt="Mary Magdalene Church of the city Perm" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Perm._Mary_Magdalene_Church.png/213px-Perm._Mary_Magdalene_Church.png" decoding="async" width="142" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Perm._Mary_Magdalene_Church.png/320px-Perm._Mary_Magdalene_Church.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Perm._Mary_Magdalene_Church.png/426px-Perm._Mary_Magdalene_Church.png 2x" data-file-width="3330" data-file-height="2814" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Mary Magdalene Church of the city Perm</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 138px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 136px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Prokudin-Gorsky_-_Perm._Summertime_location_of_the_exchange.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Summertime location of the exchange in the city Perm"><img alt="Summertime location of the exchange in the city Perm" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Prokudin-Gorsky_-_Perm._Summertime_location_of_the_exchange.jpg/204px-Prokudin-Gorsky_-_Perm._Summertime_location_of_the_exchange.jpg" decoding="async" width="136" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Prokudin-Gorsky_-_Perm._Summertime_location_of_the_exchange.jpg/305px-Prokudin-Gorsky_-_Perm._Summertime_location_of_the_exchange.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Prokudin-Gorsky_-_Perm._Summertime_location_of_the_exchange.jpg/407px-Prokudin-Gorsky_-_Perm._Summertime_location_of_the_exchange.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3328" data-file-height="2944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Summertime location of the exchange in the city Perm</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 164.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 162.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Prokudin-Gorskii_-_Staro-Sibirskaia_Gate_in_the_city_of_Perm.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Staro-Sibirskaya Gate in the city of Perm"><img alt="Staro-Sibirskaya Gate in the city of Perm" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Prokudin-Gorskii_-_Staro-Sibirskaia_Gate_in_the_city_of_Perm.jpg/244px-Prokudin-Gorskii_-_Staro-Sibirskaia_Gate_in_the_city_of_Perm.jpg" decoding="async" width="163" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Prokudin-Gorskii_-_Staro-Sibirskaia_Gate_in_the_city_of_Perm.jpg/365px-Prokudin-Gorskii_-_Staro-Sibirskaia_Gate_in_the_city_of_Perm.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Prokudin-Gorskii_-_Staro-Sibirskaia_Gate_in_the_city_of_Perm.jpg/487px-Prokudin-Gorskii_-_Staro-Sibirskaia_Gate_in_the_city_of_Perm.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3268" data-file-height="2416" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Staro-Sibirskaya Gate in the city of Perm</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 158.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 156.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Prokudin-Gorskii-25.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kama River near Perm. The bridge still stands today, but another similar bridge has been built alongside it. Both are painted white."><img alt="Kama River near Perm. The bridge still stands today, but another similar bridge has been built alongside it. Both are painted white." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Prokudin-Gorskii-25.jpg/235px-Prokudin-Gorskii-25.jpg" decoding="async" width="157" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Prokudin-Gorskii-25.jpg/353px-Prokudin-Gorskii-25.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Prokudin-Gorskii-25.jpg/471px-Prokudin-Gorskii-25.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3068" data-file-height="2347" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Kama River near Perm. The bridge still stands today, but another similar bridge has been built alongside it. Both are painted white.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 150px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 148px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Prokudin-Gorsky_-_Perm._Headquarters_of_the_Ural_Railway_Administration.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Headquarters of the Ural Railway Administration in the city of Perm"><img alt="Headquarters of the Ural Railway Administration in the city of Perm" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Prokudin-Gorsky_-_Perm._Headquarters_of_the_Ural_Railway_Administration.jpg/222px-Prokudin-Gorsky_-_Perm._Headquarters_of_the_Ural_Railway_Administration.jpg" decoding="async" width="148" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Prokudin-Gorsky_-_Perm._Headquarters_of_the_Ural_Railway_Administration.jpg/333px-Prokudin-Gorsky_-_Perm._Headquarters_of_the_Ural_Railway_Administration.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Prokudin-Gorsky_-_Perm._Headquarters_of_the_Ural_Railway_Administration.jpg/444px-Prokudin-Gorsky_-_Perm._Headquarters_of_the_Ural_Railway_Administration.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3296" data-file-height="2672" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Headquarters of the Ural Railway Administration in the city of Perm</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Soviet_period">Soviet period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perm,_Russia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Soviet period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 1930s, Perm grew as a major industrial city with <a href="/wiki/Aviation" title="Aviation">aviation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shipbuilding" title="Shipbuilding">shipbuilding</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chemical" class="mw-redirect" title="Chemical">chemical</a> factories built during that period. During the <a href="/wiki/Great_Patriotic_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Patriotic War">Great Patriotic War</a> (<a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>), Perm was a vital center of <a href="/wiki/Artillery" title="Artillery">artillery</a> production in the Soviet Union. During the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>, Perm became a <a href="/wiki/Closed_city" title="Closed city">closed city</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_city">Modern city</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perm,_Russia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Modern city"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Perm_asv2019-05_img53_Komsomolsky48.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Perm_asv2019-05_img53_Komsomolsky48.jpg/220px-Perm_asv2019-05_img53_Komsomolsky48.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Perm_asv2019-05_img53_Komsomolsky48.jpg/330px-Perm_asv2019-05_img53_Komsomolsky48.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Perm_asv2019-05_img53_Komsomolsky48.jpg/440px-Perm_asv2019-05_img53_Komsomolsky48.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5545" data-file-height="3697" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=TGC-9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TGC-9 (page does not exist)">TGC-9</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The city is a major administrative, industrial, scientific, and cultural<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> centre. The leading industries include machinery, <a href="/wiki/Arms_industry" title="Arms industry">defence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum">oil</a> production (about 3% of Russian output), oil <a href="/wiki/Refining" title="Refining">refining</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chemical" class="mw-redirect" title="Chemical">chemical</a> and petrochemical, <a href="/wiki/Timber" class="mw-redirect" title="Timber">timber</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wood" title="Wood">wood</a> processing and the <a href="/wiki/Food" title="Food">food</a> industry. </p><p>On September 20, 2021, <a href="/wiki/Perm_State_University_shooting" title="Perm State University shooting">a mass shooting</a> occurred at <a href="/wiki/Perm_State_University" title="Perm State University">Perm State University</a>, resulting in six fatalities and 47 injuries.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perm,_Russia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Perm_asv2019-05_img23_Kama_River.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Perm_asv2019-05_img23_Kama_River.jpg/220px-Perm_asv2019-05_img23_Kama_River.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Perm_asv2019-05_img23_Kama_River.jpg/330px-Perm_asv2019-05_img23_Kama_River.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Perm_asv2019-05_img23_Kama_River.jpg/440px-Perm_asv2019-05_img23_Kama_River.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7526" data-file-height="4704" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Kama_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Kama River">Kama River</a> in Perm</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yegoshikha_(1898).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Yegoshikha_%281898%29.jpg/220px-Yegoshikha_%281898%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Yegoshikha_%281898%29.jpg/330px-Yegoshikha_%281898%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Yegoshikha_%281898%29.jpg/440px-Yegoshikha_%281898%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2152" data-file-height="2572" /></a><figcaption>Map of Perm and the Yagoshikha River, 1898</figcaption></figure> <p>The city is located on the bank of the <a href="/wiki/Kama_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Kama River">Kama River</a> upon hilly terrain. The Kama is the main <a href="/wiki/Tributary" title="Tributary">tributary</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Volga_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Volga River">Volga River</a> and is one of the deepest and most picturesque rivers of Russia. This river is the waterway which grants the <a href="/wiki/Ural_Mountains" title="Ural Mountains">Ural Mountains</a> access to the <a href="/wiki/White_Sea" title="White Sea">White Sea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic Sea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Azov" title="Sea of Azov">Sea of Azov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian Sea</a>. The Kama divides the city into two parts: the central part and the right bank part. The city stretches for 70 kilometers (43 mi) along the Kama and 40 kilometers (25 mi) across it. The city street grid parallels the Kama River, travelling generally east–west, while other main streets run perpendicularly to those following the river. The grid pattern accommodates the hills of the city where it crosses them. </p><p>Another distinguishing feature of the city's relief is the large number of small rivers and brooks. The largest of them are the <a href="/wiki/Mulyanka_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Mulyanka River">Mulyanka</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Yegoshikha_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Yegoshikha River">Yegoshikha</a>, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Motovilikha_River&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Motovilikha River (page does not exist)">Motovilikha</a> (all are on the left bank of Kama River), and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gayva_River&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gayva River (page does not exist)">Gayva</a> (on the right bank). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perm,_Russia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Perm has a <a href="/wiki/Humid_continental_climate" title="Humid continental climate">warm summer continental climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a>: <i>Dfb</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Winters are long, snowy and quite cold. Summers are moderately warm with cool nights, although summers are shorter than winters. Due to its far inland location, there is a distinct lack of <a href="/wiki/Seasonal_lag" title="Seasonal lag">seasonal lag</a> resulting in rapid cooling down of the warm weather as days get shorter. This results in September, October, and November being colder than May, April, and March, respectively. </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Perm (1991–2020, extremes 1882–present) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.3<br />(39.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.0<br />(42.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFB66E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.0<br />(59.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.3<br />(81.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF2F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.6<br />(94.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF2A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.4<br />(95.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF1B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.5<br />(99.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF1D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.2<br />(99.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.7<br />(87.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8206; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.5<br />(72.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.9<br />(53.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.5<br />(40.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF1B00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">37.5<br />(99.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #B4B4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−9.3<br />(15.3) </td> <td style="background: #BEBEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.5<br />(18.5) </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2<br />(32.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFBF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.1<br />(48.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFA449; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.7<br />(63.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.0<br />(71.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.0<br />(75.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8F1F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.7<br />(69.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA75; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.5<br />(58.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFF2E6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.3<br />(43.3) </td> <td style="background: #D8D8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.6<br />(27.3) </td> <td style="background: #BCBCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.8<br />(18.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD8; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">7.3<br />(45.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #A3A3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−12.5<br />(9.5) </td> <td style="background: #A9A9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−11.3<br />(11.7) </td> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.0<br />(24.8) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.9<br />(39.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.5<br />(52.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFAE5D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.2<br />(61.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9E3E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.5<br />(65.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFB266; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.6<br />(60.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0<br />(50.0) </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.3<br />(37.9) </td> <td style="background: #CACAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.2<br />(22.6) </td> <td style="background: #ACACFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−10.7<br />(12.7) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2.9<br />(37.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #9191FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−15.8<br />(3.6) </td> <td style="background: #9696FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−14.8<br />(5.4) </td> <td style="background: #BCBCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.8<br />(18.0) </td> <td style="background: #E3E3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.6<br />(30.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFF6ED; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.8<br />(42.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.9<br />(51.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFC387; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.2<br />(55.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2<br />(52.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFF0E2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.6<br />(43.9) </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.9<br />(33.6) </td> <td style="background: #BDBDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.6<br />(18.3) </td> <td style="background: #9C9CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−13.7<br />(7.3) </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−1.0<br />(30.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #0000F3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−44.9<br />(−48.8) </td> <td style="background: #0A0AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−40.8<br />(−41.4) </td> <td style="background: #2A2AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−34.8<br />(−30.6) </td> <td style="background: #6767FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−23.5<br />(−10.3) </td> <td style="background: #A0A0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−13<br />(9) </td> <td style="background: #D4D4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.4<br />(25.9) </td> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.7<br />(35.1) </td> <td style="background: #DCDCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.9<br />(28.6) </td> <td style="background: #BCBCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.8<br />(18.0) </td> <td style="background: #5E5EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−25.2<br />(−13.4) </td> <td style="background: #1616FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−38.5<br />(−37.3) </td> <td style="background: #0000E7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−47.1<br />(−52.8) </td> <td style="background: #0000E7; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−47.1<br />(−52.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #BBFFBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45<br />(1.8) </td> <td style="background: #C9FFC9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33<br />(1.3) </td> <td style="background: #CCFFCC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34<br />(1.3) </td> <td style="background: #C6FFC6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37<br />(1.5) </td> <td style="background: #ADFFAD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55<br />(2.2) </td> <td style="background: #75FF75; color:#000000;" class="notheme">89<br />(3.5) </td> <td style="background: #8AFF8A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">78<br />(3.1) </td> <td style="background: #7BFF7B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">88<br />(3.5) </td> <td style="background: #9CFF9C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">64<br />(2.5) </td> <td style="background: #A1FFA1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63<br />(2.5) </td> <td style="background: #A8FFA8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56<br />(2.2) </td> <td style="background: #B7FFB7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48<br />(1.9) </td> <td style="background: #A7FFA7; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">690<br />(27.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average extreme snow depth cm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #6B6BFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">48<br />(19) </td> <td style="background: #4343FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">61<br />(24) </td> <td style="background: #4646FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">60<br />(24) </td> <td style="background: #C4C4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19<br />(7.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2<br />(0.8) </td> <td style="background: #DADAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12<br />(4.7) </td> <td style="background: #A2A2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30<br />(12) </td> <td style="background: #4343FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">61<br />(24) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainy days </th> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1 </td> <td style="background: #E3E3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2 </td> <td style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4 </td> <td style="background: #7272FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11 </td> <td style="background: #2020FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">18 </td> <td style="background: #1919FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">18 </td> <td style="background: #2D2DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">17 </td> <td style="background: #0808FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">20 </td> <td style="background: #0000F2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">21 </td> <td style="background: #2D2DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">17 </td> <td style="background: #A5A5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7 </td> <td style="background: #D9D9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3 </td> <td style="background: #6D6DFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">139 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days </th> <td style="background: #0000A4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">28 </td> <td style="background: #0000B9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">24 </td> <td style="background: #1414FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">19 </td> <td style="background: #8C8CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9 </td> <td style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4 </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.4 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2 </td> <td style="background: #5E5EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13 </td> <td style="background: #0000CC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">24 </td> <td style="background: #0000B0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">27 </td> <td style="background: #6161FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">150 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000C0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">83 </td> <td style="background: #0000CF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #0606FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">65 </td> <td style="background: #1111FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">62 </td> <td style="background: #0000F9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">68 </td> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71 </td> <td style="background: #0000D7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77 </td> <td style="background: #0000CB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">80 </td> <td style="background: #0000C4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">82 </td> <td style="background: #0000B8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">85 </td> <td style="background: #0000B8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">85 </td> <td style="background: #0000DB; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">76 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #454545; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38 </td> <td style="background: #9E9E9E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">79 </td> <td style="background: #C4C408; color:#000000;" class="notheme">152 </td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">198 </td> <td style="background: #E8E800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">275 </td> <td style="background: #EEEE0B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">290 </td> <td style="background: #EAEA02; color:#000000;" class="notheme">284 </td> <td style="background: #DDDD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">226 </td> <td style="background: #BDBD33; color:#000000;" class="notheme">132 </td> <td style="background: #767676; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">65 </td> <td style="background: #454545; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">37 </td> <td style="background: #2A2A2A; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">23 </td> <td style="background: #C5C506; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,799 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net<sup id="cite_ref-pogoda_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pogoda-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: NOAA (sun, 1961–1990)<sup id="cite_ref-HKO_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HKO-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administrative_and_municipal_status">Administrative and municipal status</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perm,_Russia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Administrative and municipal status"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Perm is the <a href="/wiki/Administrative_centre" title="Administrative centre">administrative centre</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Krai" title="Krai">krai</a> and, within the <a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Russia#Administrative_divisions" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdivisions of Russia">framework of administrative divisions</a>, it also serves as the administrative center of <a href="/wiki/Permsky_District" title="Permsky District">Permsky District</a>, even though it is not a part of it.<sup id="cite_ref-Ref127_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref127-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As an administrative division, it is, together with two <a href="/wiki/Types_of_inhabited_localities_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Types of inhabited localities in Russia">rural localities</a>, incorporated separately as the <b><a href="/wiki/City_of_federal_subject_significance" title="City of federal subject significance">city of krai significance</a> of Perm</b>—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Perm_Krai" title="Administrative divisions of Perm Krai">districts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ref127_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref127-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a <a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Russia#Municipal_divisions" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdivisions of Russia">municipal division</a>, the city of krai significance of Perm is incorporated as <b>Perm Urban Okrug</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ref843_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref843-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="City_divisions">City divisions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perm,_Russia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: City divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Administrative_divisions_of_Perm_(en).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Administrative_divisions_of_Perm_%28en%29.svg/220px-Administrative_divisions_of_Perm_%28en%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Administrative_divisions_of_Perm_%28en%29.svg/330px-Administrative_divisions_of_Perm_%28en%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Administrative_divisions_of_Perm_%28en%29.svg/440px-Administrative_divisions_of_Perm_%28en%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1052" data-file-height="744" /></a><figcaption>Administrative divisions</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Perm_asv2019-05_img12_City_admin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Perm_asv2019-05_img12_City_admin.jpg/220px-Perm_asv2019-05_img12_City_admin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Perm_asv2019-05_img12_City_admin.jpg/330px-Perm_asv2019-05_img12_City_admin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Perm_asv2019-05_img12_City_admin.jpg/440px-Perm_asv2019-05_img12_City_admin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5096" data-file-height="3397" /></a><figcaption>Building of the Perm Administration</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mulyanka_Pedestrian_Bridge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Mulyanka_Pedestrian_Bridge.jpg/220px-Mulyanka_Pedestrian_Bridge.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Mulyanka_Pedestrian_Bridge.jpg/330px-Mulyanka_Pedestrian_Bridge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Mulyanka_Pedestrian_Bridge.jpg/440px-Mulyanka_Pedestrian_Bridge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>A view from the new bridge along the Stroiteley Street</figcaption></figure> <p>For administrative purposes, Perm is divided into seven city districts: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>City District</th> <th>Population (<a href="/wiki/Russian_Census_(2010)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Census (2010)">2010 Census</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-2010Census_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2010Census-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dzerzhinsky_City_District,_Perm" title="Dzerzhinsky City District, Perm">Dzerzhinsky</a></td> <td>155,632 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Industrialny_City_District,_Perm" title="Industrialny City District, Perm">Industrialny</a></td> <td>157,575 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kirovsky_City_District,_Perm" title="Kirovsky City District, Perm">Kirovsky</a></td> <td>127,793 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Leninsky_City_District,_Perm" title="Leninsky City District, Perm">Leninsky</a></td> <td>48,520 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Motovilikhinsky_City_District" title="Motovilikhinsky City District">Motovilikhinsky</a></td> <td>179,961 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ordzhonikidzevsky_City_District,_Perm" title="Ordzhonikidzevsky City District, Perm">Ordzhonikidzevsky</a></td> <td>111,204 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sverdlovsky_City_District,_Perm" title="Sverdlovsky City District, Perm">Sverdlovsky</a></td> <td>210,477 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy_2">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perm,_Russia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Perm has the largest industrial output among cities in the Urals, ahead of <a href="/wiki/Yekaterinburg" title="Yekaterinburg">Yekaterinburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chelyabinsk" title="Chelyabinsk">Chelyabinsk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ufa" title="Ufa">Ufa</a>, although Perm has a smaller population than these. Thirty-five per cent of <a href="/wiki/Perm_Oblast" title="Perm Oblast">Perm Oblast</a>'s industry is located in Perm.<sup id="cite_ref-city_econ_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-city_econ-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The largest industries in the city are electric power engineering, oil and gas refining, machine building, chemicals and petrochemicals, forestry processing, printing and food industry.<sup id="cite_ref-city_industrydept_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-city_industrydept-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several major industrial companies are located in Perm: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perm_Motors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perm Motors (page does not exist)">Perm Motors</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aviadvigatel" title="Aviadvigatel">Aviadvigatel</a>, major suppliers of engines to the <a href="/wiki/Russian_aircraft_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian aircraft industry">Russian aircraft industry</a>; rocket engine company <a href="/wiki/Proton-PM" title="Proton-PM">Proton-PM</a>, which will mass-produce the <a href="/wiki/RD-191" title="RD-191">RD-191 engine</a> for the upcoming <a href="/wiki/Angara_rocket_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Angara rocket family">Angara rocket family</a>; electric engineering firms Morion JSC, Perm Scientific and Industrial Group, and Perm Electrical Engineering Plant; Russia's largest exporter of cables and wires, JSC KAMKABEL; and oil and natural gas companies such as <a href="/wiki/LUKoil" class="mw-redirect" title="LUKoil">LUKoil</a>-Perm Ltd. and LUKoilPernefteprodukt Ltd.<sup id="cite_ref-city_econ_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-city_econ-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perm,_Russia&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Perm is an important railway junction on the <a href="/wiki/Trans-Siberian_Railway" title="Trans-Siberian Railway">Trans-Siberian Railway</a> with lines radiating to <a href="/wiki/European_Russia" title="European Russia">Central Russia</a>, the north part of the <a href="/wiki/Ural_(region)" title="Ural (region)">Urals</a>, and the far east of <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>. Perm has two major railway stations, the historical <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perm_I_railway_station&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perm I railway station (page does not exist)">Perm I</a> and the modern <a href="/wiki/Perm_II_railway_station" title="Perm II railway station">Perm II</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Kama_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Kama River">Kama River</a> is an important direct link between the European part of Russia to the sea ports on the <a href="/wiki/White_Sea" title="White Sea">White</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azov_Sea" class="mw-redirect" title="Azov Sea">Azov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian</a> seas.<sup id="cite_ref-Transport_in_Perm_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Transport_in_Perm-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Perm is served by the international airport <a href="/wiki/Bolshoye_Savino_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolshoye Savino Airport">Bolshoye Savino</a>, which is located 16 km (9.9 mi) southwest of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Perm's public transit network includes <a href="/wiki/Tram" title="Tram">tram</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bus" title="Bus">bus</a>, and city-railway routes. The formerly important <a href="/wiki/Trolleybus" title="Trolleybus">trolleybus</a> service was discontinued in July 2019. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Perm_asv2019-05_img17_bus_at_Razgulay_stop.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="LiAZ-5292 (CNG motor version) city bus"><img alt="LiAZ-5292 (CNG motor version) city bus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Perm_asv2019-05_img17_bus_at_Razgulay_stop.jpg/270px-Perm_asv2019-05_img17_bus_at_Razgulay_stop.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Perm_asv2019-05_img17_bus_at_Razgulay_stop.jpg/405px-Perm_asv2019-05_img17_bus_at_Razgulay_stop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Perm_asv2019-05_img17_bus_at_Razgulay_stop.jpg/540px-Perm_asv2019-05_img17_bus_at_Razgulay_stop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7262" data-file-height="4841" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">LiAZ-5292 (<a href="/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas" title="Compressed natural gas">CNG</a> motor version) city bus</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Perm_asv2019-05_img19_trolley_at_Razgulay_stop.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Trolza-5265 low-floor trolleybus"><img alt="Trolza-5265 low-floor trolleybus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Perm_asv2019-05_img19_trolley_at_Razgulay_stop.jpg/270px-Perm_asv2019-05_img19_trolley_at_Razgulay_stop.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Perm_asv2019-05_img19_trolley_at_Razgulay_stop.jpg/405px-Perm_asv2019-05_img19_trolley_at_Razgulay_stop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Perm_asv2019-05_img19_trolley_at_Razgulay_stop.jpg/540px-Perm_asv2019-05_img19_trolley_at_Razgulay_stop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6653" data-file-height="4435" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Trolza-5265 low-floor trolleybus</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 194px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 192px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Perm_asv2019-05_img70_tram_in_Motovilikha.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="AKSM-60102 tram"><img alt="AKSM-60102 tram" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Perm_asv2019-05_img70_tram_in_Motovilikha.jpg/288px-Perm_asv2019-05_img70_tram_in_Motovilikha.jpg" decoding="async" width="192" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Perm_asv2019-05_img70_tram_in_Motovilikha.jpg/432px-Perm_asv2019-05_img70_tram_in_Motovilikha.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Perm_asv2019-05_img70_tram_in_Motovilikha.jpg/576px-Perm_asv2019-05_img70_tram_in_Motovilikha.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7312" data-file-height="4570" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">AKSM-60102 tram</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 242px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 240px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Perm_asv2019-05_img56_Perm-II_station.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Perm II railway station"><img alt="Perm II railway station" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Perm_asv2019-05_img56_Perm-II_station.jpg/360px-Perm_asv2019-05_img56_Perm-II_station.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Perm_asv2019-05_img56_Perm-II_station.jpg/540px-Perm_asv2019-05_img56_Perm-II_station.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Perm_asv2019-05_img56_Perm-II_station.jpg/720px-Perm_asv2019-05_img56_Perm-II_station.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6780" data-file-height="3390" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Perm II railway station</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 242px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 240px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Perm_asv2019-05_img32_Perm-I_station.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Perm I railway station"><img alt="Perm I railway station" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Perm_asv2019-05_img32_Perm-I_station.jpg/360px-Perm_asv2019-05_img32_Perm-I_station.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Perm_asv2019-05_img32_Perm-I_station.jpg/540px-Perm_asv2019-05_img32_Perm-I_station.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Perm_asv2019-05_img32_Perm-I_station.jpg/720px-Perm_asv2019-05_img32_Perm-I_station.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7752" data-file-height="3876" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Perm I railway station</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 213.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bolshoe_Savino_(new_terminal).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Perm International Airport"><img alt="Perm International Airport" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bolshoe_Savino_%28new_terminal%29.jpg/320px-Bolshoe_Savino_%28new_terminal%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="214" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bolshoe_Savino_%28new_terminal%29.jpg/480px-Bolshoe_Savino_%28new_terminal%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bolshoe_Savino_%28new_terminal%29.jpg/640px-Bolshoe_Savino_%28new_terminal%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="2340" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Perm_International_Airport" title="Perm International Airport">Perm International Airport</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Proposed_metro_system">Proposed metro system</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perm,_Russia&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Proposed metro system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>Perm Metro</i> is a planned construction of a metro system which has been considered. The first plans date back to the 1970s. A feasibility study was compiled in 1990, but <a href="/wiki/1998_Russian_financial_crisis" title="1998 Russian financial crisis">economic difficulties during the decade</a> prevented its final planning and construction. The plans were revitalised in the early 2000s, but a lack of funding hampered the project and plans were once again put on hold. <a href="/wiki/Light_rail" title="Light rail">Light rail</a> has also been considered.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perm,_Russia&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Perm_Opera_and_Ballet_Theatre,_2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Perm_Opera_and_Ballet_Theatre%2C_2007.jpg/220px-Perm_Opera_and_Ballet_Theatre%2C_2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Perm_Opera_and_Ballet_Theatre%2C_2007.jpg/330px-Perm_Opera_and_Ballet_Theatre%2C_2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Perm_Opera_and_Ballet_Theatre%2C_2007.jpg/440px-Perm_Opera_and_Ballet_Theatre%2C_2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Perm_Opera_and_Ballet_Theatre" title="Perm Opera and Ballet Theatre">Perm Opera and Ballet House</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Perm_Museum_of_Contemporary_Art.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Perm_Museum_of_Contemporary_Art.jpg/220px-Perm_Museum_of_Contemporary_Art.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Perm_Museum_of_Contemporary_Art.jpg/330px-Perm_Museum_of_Contemporary_Art.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Perm_Museum_of_Contemporary_Art.jpg/440px-Perm_Museum_of_Contemporary_Art.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Perm_Museum_of_Contemporary_Art" title="Perm Museum of Contemporary Art">Perm Museum of Contemporary Art</a> (PERMM) in the building of the Perm River Terminal</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Perm_Opera_and_Ballet_Theatre" title="Perm Opera and Ballet Theatre">Perm Opera and Ballet House</a> is one of the best in Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-Пермяки_высадились_на_Манхэттене_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Пермяки_высадились_на_Манхэттене-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. (October 2019)">according to whom?</span></a></i>]</sup> There are many other theatres in Perm, including the <a href="/wiki/Perm_Academic_Theatre" title="Perm Academic Theatre">Drama Theater</a>, the Puppet Theatre, the Theatre for Young Spectators, the Theatre "Stage Molot", and the <i>mystical</i> <a href="/wiki/At_the_Bridge_Theatre" title="At the Bridge Theatre">At the Bridge Theatre</a>. </p><p>Among the cities museums and galleries, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perm_State_Art_Gallery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perm State Art Gallery (page does not exist)">Perm State Art Gallery</a> is recognised for its outstanding collections of art, including paintings from 15th- to 18th-century art movements, and wooden sculptures from the region. It is housed in a notable early 19th-century structure, once an orthodox cathedral. The spire of the museum towers over the rest of Perm, as it is situated on the Komsomolsky Prospect.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Perm is receiving attention from the development of the new Museum of Contemporary Art, <a href="/wiki/Perm_Museum_of_Contemporary_Art" title="Perm Museum of Contemporary Art">Perm Museum of Contemporary Art</a> (PERMM) which officially opened in March 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The RAV Vast <a href="/wiki/Steel_tongue_drum" title="Steel tongue drum">steel tongue drum</a> was invented in Perm by Andrey Remyannikov. This instrument is unique in the tongue drum and <a href="/wiki/Handpan" title="Handpan">handpan</a> world because each note has multiple harmonic <a href="/wiki/Overtone" title="Overtone">overtones</a> that resonate with other notes in the drum. The sound consequently has long sustain and <a href="/wiki/Reverberation" title="Reverberation">reverberation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/The_Legend_of_Perm_Bear" class="mw-redirect" title="The Legend of Perm Bear">The Legend of Perm Bear</a> or The Walking Bear is a sculpture depicting a walking <a href="/wiki/Bear" title="Bear">bear</a>, which is also shown on the city's coat of arms. It is situated in the central part of the city on Lenin Street, in front of the Organ Concert Hall and close to the building of Legislative Assembly of <a href="/wiki/Perm_Krai" title="Perm Krai">Perm Krai</a>. The author of the sculpture is <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladimir_Pavlenko_(sculptor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vladimir Pavlenko (sculptor) (page does not exist)">Vladimir Pavlenko</a>, a monumentalist sculptor from <a href="/wiki/Nizhny_Tagil" title="Nizhny Tagil">Nizhny Tagil</a>, member of the Artists' Union of Russia and <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> International Association of Arts.<sup id="cite_ref-NR2-20060911_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NR2-20060911-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-News-59_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-News-59-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Permyak_Salty_Ears" title="Permyak Salty Ears">Permyak Salty Ears</a> is a sculpture and one of the most visited tourist attractions in Perm.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perm,_Russia&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Perm is a scientific centre. Some of the scientific institutes are combined in the Perm Scientific Center of the Ural Branch of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Russian Academy of Sciences">Russian Academy of Sciences</a>. </p><p>Perm is a home to several major <a href="/wiki/University" title="University">universities</a> including <a href="/wiki/Perm_State_University" title="Perm State University">Perm State University</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Perm State Technical University,<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Perm branch of state university Higher school of economics,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Perm State Teachers' Training University, Perm State Medical Academy,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Perm State Pharmaceutical Academy,<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Perm State Agricultural Academy,<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Institute of Art and Culture, Perm State Choreographic School,<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and others. There are also three military schools in Perm. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perm,_Russia&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:grey; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 1589.4544843865px; border-left-color:orange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:orange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:orange"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 307.76835371753px; border-left-color:Whitesmoke"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Whitesmoke"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Whitesmoke"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 32.491969623291px; border-left-color:lightGreen"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:lightGreen"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:lightGreen"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:95.105651629515px 30.901699437495px 0 0; border-top-color:Red"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Red"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <p>Religion in Perm (2024) </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Red; color:black;"> </span> Orthodox Christianity (70%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:lightGreen; color:black;"> </span> Islam (10%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Whitesmoke; color:black;"> </span> Atheists / Non-Religious (15%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:orange; color:black;"> </span> other christians (4%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:grey; color:black;"> </span> difficult to say (1%)</div> </div> </div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1897</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">45,205</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1926</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">82,249</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+81.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1939</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">255,236</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+210.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1959</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">629,118</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+146.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1970</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">850,324</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+35.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1979</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">999,157</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+17.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1989</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,090,944</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+9.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2002</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,001,653</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−8.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2010</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">991,162</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−1.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2021</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,034,002</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+4.3%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Census data</td></tr></tbody></table><p>At the time of the official 2010 Census, the ethnic makeup of the city's population whose ethnicity was known (907,955) was:<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Ethnicity </th> <th>Population</th> <th>Percentage </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Russians" title="Russians">Russians</a> </td> <td>823,333</td> <td>90.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tatars" title="Tatars">Tatars</a> </td> <td>34,253</td> <td>3.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bashkirs" title="Bashkirs">Bashkirs</a> </td> <td>7,729</td> <td>0.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Komi-Permyaks" class="mw-redirect" title="Komi-Permyaks">Komi-Permyaks</a> </td> <td>7,301</td> <td>0.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ukrainians" title="Ukrainians">Ukrainians</a> </td> <td>6,507</td> <td>0.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Udmurts" title="Udmurts">Udmurts</a> </td> <td>4,847</td> <td>0.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Others </td> <td>23,985</td> <td>2.7% </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perm,_Russia&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city hosted <a href="/wiki/2002_European_Amateur_Boxing_Championships" title="2002 European Amateur Boxing Championships">2002 European Amateur Boxing Championships</a>. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Club</th> <th>Sport</th> <th>Founded</th> <th>Current League</th> <th>League<br />Rank</th> <th>Stadium </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Zvezda_2005_Perm" class="mw-redirect" title="Zvezda 2005 Perm">Zvezda 2005 Perm</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Football</a> </td> <td>1994 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russian_Women%27s_Football_Championship" title="Russian Women's Football Championship">Women's Supreme League</a> </td> <td>1st </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zvezda_Stadium" title="Zvezda Stadium">Zvezda Stadium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/FC_Oktan_Perm" title="FC Oktan Perm">Oktan Perm</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Football</a> </td> <td>1958 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russian_Second_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Second Division">Russian Second Division</a> </td> <td>3rd </td> <td>Neftyanik Stadium </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Molot-Prikamye_Perm" title="Molot-Prikamye Perm">Molot-Prikamye Perm</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ice_Hockey" class="mw-redirect" title="Ice Hockey">Ice Hockey</a> </td> <td>1948 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Higher_Hockey_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher Hockey League">Higher Hockey League</a> </td> <td>2nd </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Universal_Sports_Palace_Molot" title="Universal Sports Palace Molot">Universal Sports Palace Molot</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Prikamye Perm </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Volleyball" title="Volleyball">Volleyball</a> </td> <td>1983 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russian_Volleyball_Super_League" title="Russian Volleyball Super League">Volleyball Super League</a> </td> <td>1st </td> <td>Sukharev Sports Complex </td></tr> <tr> <td>Permskie Medvedi </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Team_Handball" class="mw-redirect" title="Team Handball">Handball</a> </td> <td>1999 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russian_Handball_Super_League" title="Russian Handball Super League">Handball Super League</a> </td> <td>1st </td> <td>Permskie Medvedi Sports Complex </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Parma_Basket" class="mw-redirect" title="Parma Basket">Parma Basket</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">Basketball</a> </td> <td>2012 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/VTB_United_League" title="VTB United League">VTB United League</a> </td> <td>1st </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Universal_Sports_Palace_Molot" title="Universal Sports Palace Molot">Universal Sports Palace Molot</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In 1995–2008, Perm was the location of the <a href="/wiki/PBC_Ural_Great_Perm" title="PBC Ural Great Perm">Ural Great</a> basketball team — the only <a href="/wiki/Russian_Professional_Basketball_Championship" title="Russian Professional Basketball Championship">Russian basketball champion</a> besides <a href="/wiki/PBC_CSKA_Moscow" title="PBC CSKA Moscow">CSKA</a>. </p><p>There is also an amateur <a href="/wiki/Bandy" title="Bandy">bandy</a> team called <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kama_(bandy_club)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kama (bandy club) (page does not exist)">Kama</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perm,_Russia&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Perm" title="List of people from Perm">List of people from Perm</a></div> <p>The following people were either born in Perm or made names for themselves while residing there. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dyagilev_SP.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Dyagilev_SP.jpg/140px-Dyagilev_SP.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Dyagilev_SP.jpg/210px-Dyagilev_SP.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Dyagilev_SP.jpg/280px-Dyagilev_SP.jpg 2x" data-file-width="539" data-file-height="752" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Diaghilev" title="Sergei Diaghilev">Sergei Diaghilev</a>, 1910</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tatiana_Borodina" title="Tatiana Borodina">Tatiana Borodina</a> (born <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1972</span>), opera soprano</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Diaghilev" title="Sergei Diaghilev">Sergei Diaghilev</a> (1872–1929), ballet impresario</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexei_Ivanov_(writer)" title="Alexei Ivanov (writer)">Alexei Ivanov</a> (born 1969) award-winning writer.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Mamin-Sibiryak" title="Dmitry Mamin-Sibiryak">Dmitry Mamin-Sibiryak</a> (1852–1912) author of novels and short stories set in the <a href="/wiki/Ural_Mountains" title="Ural Mountains">Ural Mountains</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanya_Mityushina" title="Tanya Mityushina">Tanya Mityushina</a> (born 1993), model</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Moiseyev" title="Nikolay Moiseyev">Nikolay Moiseyev</a> (1902–1955) a Soviet astronomer and expert in <a href="/wiki/Celestial_mechanics" title="Celestial mechanics">celestial mechanics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andronik_(Nikolsky)" class="mw-redirect" title="Andronik (Nikolsky)">Andronic Nikolsky</a> (1870–1918), first <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian Orthodox Church</a> Bishop of Kyoto, Japan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Osorgin" title="Mikhail Osorgin">Mikhail Osorgin</a> (1878–1942) a Russian writer, journalist and essayist.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natasha_Poly" title="Natasha Poly">Natasha Poly</a> (born 1985), supermodel</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Stepanovich_Popov" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander Stepanovich Popov">Alexander Stepanovich Popov</a> (1859–1905), physicist; regarded locally as the inventor of radio</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Rybolovlev" title="Dmitry Rybolovlev">Dmitry Rybolovlev</a> (born 1966) oligarch, billionaire businessman and investor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katerina_Shpitsa" title="Katerina Shpitsa">Katerina Shpitsa</a> (born 1985), actress of theatre and cinema</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Shuisky_(baritone)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mikhail Shuisky (baritone)">Mikhail Shuisky</a> (1883–1953), baritone opera singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkady_Shvetsov" title="Arkady Shvetsov">Arkady Shvetsov</a> (1892–1953), aircraft engine designer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Slavyanov" title="Nikolay Slavyanov">Nikolay Slavyanov</a> (1854–1897), inventor of an early method of <a href="/wiki/Arc_welding" title="Arc welding">arc welding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Struve" title="Peter Struve">Peter Struve</a> (1870–1944), political economist, philosopher and editor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuri_Trutnev" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuri Trutnev">Yuri Trutnev</a> (born 1956), politician, Presidential Envoy to the <a href="/wiki/Far_Eastern_Federal_District" title="Far Eastern Federal District">Far Eastern Federal District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrey_Voronikhin" title="Andrey Voronikhin">Andrey Voronikhin</a> (1759–1814), architect and painter</li></ul> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rus-nat-totmianina-marinin3-Cropped-totmianina.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Rus-nat-totmianina-marinin3-Cropped-totmianina.JPG/140px-Rus-nat-totmianina-marinin3-Cropped-totmianina.JPG" decoding="async" width="140" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Rus-nat-totmianina-marinin3-Cropped-totmianina.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="208" data-file-height="248" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tatiana_Totmianina" title="Tatiana Totmianina">Tatiana Totmianina</a>, 2005</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sport">Sport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perm,_Russia&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Beilin" title="Michael Beilin">Michael Beilin</a> (born 1976), Israeli Olympic Greco-Roman wrestler</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Chagin" title="Vladimir Chagin">Vladimir Chagin</a> (born 1970), <a href="/wiki/Rally_raid" title="Rally raid">rally raid</a> driver in the <a href="/wiki/Dakar_Rally" title="Dakar Rally">Dakar Rally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandra_Kosteniuk" title="Alexandra Kosteniuk">Alexandra Kosteniuk</a> (born 1984), 2008 Women's World Chess Champion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimirs_Lubkins" title="Vladimirs Lubkins">Vladimirs Lubkins</a> (born 1963), retired Latvian ice hockey player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadezhda_Oleneva" title="Nadezhda Oleneva">Nadezhda Oleneva</a> (born 1985), mountaineer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatiana_Totmianina" title="Tatiana Totmianina">Tatiana Totmianina</a> (born 1981), pair skater, 2006 Olympic Champion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxim_Trankov" title="Maxim Trankov">Maxim Trankov</a> (born 1983), pairs figure skater, 2014 Olympic Champion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Zyryanov" title="Konstantin Zyryanov">Konstantin Zyryanov</a> (born 1977), footballer with 52 caps for <a href="/wiki/Russia_national_football_team" title="Russia national football team">Russia</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>and</dt></dl> <p>The Nobel-prize-winning writer <a href="/wiki/Boris_Pasternak" title="Boris Pasternak">Boris Pasternak</a> (1890–1960) lived in Perm for a time, and it figures in his novel <i><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Zhivago_(novel)" title="Doctor Zhivago (novel)">Doctor Zhivago</a></i> under the fictional name "Yuriatin" where Yuri sees Lara again in the public library.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Marketing">Marketing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perm,_Russia&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Marketing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Perm is an example of <a href="/wiki/City_marketing" title="City marketing">city marketing</a> in <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, where the city also has a <a href="/wiki/Logo" title="Logo">logo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-lev_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lev-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"><span id="Twin_towns_.E2.80.93_sister_cities"></span>Twin towns – sister cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perm,_Russia&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Twin towns – sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Russia" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in Russia">List of twin towns and sister cities in Russia</a></div> <p>Perm is or has been <a href="/wiki/Twin_towns_and_sister_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Twin towns and sister cities">twinned</a> with:<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Agrigento" title="Agrigento">Agrigento</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a>, Italy (2012)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Amn%C3%A9ville" title="Amnéville">Amnéville</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moselle_(department)" title="Moselle (department)">Moselle</a>, France (1992)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Duisburg" title="Duisburg">Duisburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a>, Germany (2007)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Louisville, Kentucky">Louisville</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a>, United States (1994) (temporarily suspended)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxfordshire" title="Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</a>, United Kingdom (1995–2022)<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a>, China (2006)</li></ul> </div> <p><a href="/wiki/Oxford_City_Council" title="Oxford City Council">Oxford City Council</a> bowed to public pressure to end twinning with Perm in 2022 due to the <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a> and "Russia's breaches of international law".<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name "Perm" has been removed from welcome signs on roads into Oxford.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perm,_Russia&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Immaculate_Conception_Church,_Perm" title="Immaculate Conception Church, Perm">Immaculate Conception Church, Perm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_of_Perm" title="Stephen of Perm">Stephen of Perm</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perm,_Russia&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perm,_Russia&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Ref127-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ref127_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref127_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref127_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref127_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref127_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref127_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref127_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref127_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Law #416-67</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://duma.perm.ru/">Пермская Городская Дума</a> perm.ru <span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ref4-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ref4_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref4_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://glava.perm.ru/">Official website of the Head of Perm</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161121085310/http://glava.perm.ru/">Archived</a> November 21, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-БД_ПМО-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-БД_ПМО_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gks.ru/dbscripts/munst/munst57/DBInet.cgi">"Áàçà äàííûõ ïîêàçàòåëåé ìóíèöèïàëüíûõ îáðàçîâàíèé"</a>. <i>gks.ru</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 13,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE+%22%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%22+-+Rassvet-info.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B0+%D0%B2+%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5+%D0%B2+%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8+%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0+%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B8+6+%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8+8+%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA&rft.date=2021-09-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frassvet-info.ru%2Fevents%2Frossiya%2Fstrelba-perm-pogibshie.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerm%2C+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=52282&cityname=Perm,+Perm,+Russia&units=">"Perm, Russia Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)"</a>. <i>Weatherbase</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 13,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Weatherbase&rft.atitle=Perm%2C+Russia+K%C3%B6ppen+Climate+Classification+%28Weatherbase%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.weatherbase.com%2Fweather%2Fweather-summary.php3%3Fs%3D52282%26cityname%3DPerm%2C%2BPerm%2C%2BRussia%26units%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerm%2C+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pogoda-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pogoda_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate/28224.htm">"Pogoda.ru.net"</a> (in Russian). Weather and Climate (Погода и климат)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 8,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pogoda.ru.net&rft.pub=Weather+and+Climate+%28%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0+%D0%B8+%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pogodaiklimat.ru%2Fclimate%2F28224.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerm%2C+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HKO-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HKO_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1961-1990/TABLES/REG_II/RA/28225.TXT">"Perm Climate Normals 1961–1990"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 29,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Perm+Climate+Normals+1961%E2%80%931990&rft.pub=National+Oceanic+and+Atmospheric+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncei.noaa.gov%2Fpub%2Fdata%2Fnormals%2FWMO%2F1961-1990%2FTABLES%2FREG_II%2FRA%2F28225.TXT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerm%2C+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-city_econ-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-city_econ_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-city_econ_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gorodperm.ru/en/economy/industry/">Industry</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110721065019/http://www.gorodperm.ru/en/economy/industry/">Archived</a> July 21, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Perm City Administration</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-city_industrydept-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-city_industrydept_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dip.perm.ru/EnglishVersion">English version</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110522032737/http://dip.perm.ru/EnglishVersion/">Archived</a> May 22, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> City of Perm. Department of Industrial Policy, Investment and Entrepreneurship</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Transport_in_Perm-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Transport_in_Perm_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://perm.ru/index.php?id=110750">Transport infrastructure</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161006155240/http://perm.ru/index.php?id=110750">Archived</a> October 6, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> — Perm regional server.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.favt.ru/dejatelnost-ajeroporty-i-ajerodromy-osnovnie-proizvodstvennie-pokazateli-aeroportov-obyom-perevoz/">"Объемы перевозок через аэропорты России"</a> [Transportation volumes at Russian airports]. <i>www.favt.ru</i> (in Russian). <a href="/wiki/Federal_Air_Transport_Agency" title="Federal Air Transport Agency">Federal Air Transport Agency</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 23,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.favt.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BA+%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7+%D0%B0%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.favt.ru%2Fdejatelnost-ajeroporty-i-ajerodromy-osnovnie-proizvodstvennie-pokazateli-aeroportov-obyom-perevoz%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerm%2C+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110507043330/http://www.urbanrail.net/eu/prm/perm.htm">"UrbanRail.Net > Europe > Russia > PERM' Metro Project"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 26,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UrbanRail.Net+%3E+Europe+%3E+Russia+%3E+PERM%27+Metro+Project&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.urbanrail.net%2Feu%2Fprm%2Fperm.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerm%2C+Russia" class="Z3988"></span> <i>Perm' Metro Project</i>; article (includes map); Urban Rail online; accessed .</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Пермяки_высадились_на_Манхэттене-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Пермяки_высадились_на_Манхэттене_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vedomosti.ru/newspaper/article.shtml?2008/01/25/140324">"Барыкина Л. Пермяки высадились на Манхэттене//Ведомости от 25.01.2008"</a>. Vedomosti.ru. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 23,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%9B.+%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%85%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%2F%2F%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8+%D0%BE%D1%82+25.01.2008&rft.pub=Vedomosti.ru&rft.date=2008-01-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vedomosti.ru%2Fnewspaper%2Farticle.shtml%3F2008%2F01%2F25%2F140324&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerm%2C+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090626132517/http://russianmuseums.info/M1575">"Archived copy"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 12,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.russianmuseums.info%2FM1575&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerm%2C+Russia" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120804235909/http://www.moscowtimes.ru/article/600/42/378150.htm">"Perm Museums' Plan Dubbed the 'New Bilbao'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The Moscow Times</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 12,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Moscow+Times&rft.atitle=Perm+Museums%27+Plan+Dubbed+the+%27New+Bilbao%27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.moscowtimes.ru%2Farticle%2F600%2F42%2F378150.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerm%2C+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKishkovsky2009" class="citation news cs1">Kishkovsky, Sophia (May 28, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/28/world/europe/28perm.html?ref=global-home">"Modern Dance and Art Bring a Burst of Color to a Gray City"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 22,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Modern+Dance+and+Art+Bring+a+Burst+of+Color+to+a+Gray+City&rft.date=2009-05-28&rft.aulast=Kishkovsky&rft.aufirst=Sophia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F05%2F28%2Fworld%2Feurope%2F28perm.html%3Fref%3Dglobal-home&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerm%2C+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNechepurenko2016" class="citation news cs1">Nechepurenko, Ivan (August 24, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/25/world/europe/russia-perm-culture-art.html">"Moscow Crushes an Uprising, This Time an Artistic One (Published 2016)"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 10,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Moscow+Crushes+an+Uprising%2C+This+Time+an+Artistic+One+%28Published+2016%29&rft.date=2016-08-24&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Nechepurenko&rft.aufirst=Ivan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F08%2F25%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Frussia-perm-culture-art.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerm%2C+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRAV_Vast_-_Steel_Tongue_Drum2016" class="citation cs2">RAV Vast - Steel Tongue Drum (November 24, 2016), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=33v7EzIDvoQ"><i>Creation of RAV Drum</i></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/33v7EzIDvoQ">archived</a> from the original on December 21, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 24,</span> 2018</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Creation+of+RAV+Drum&rft.date=2016-11-24&rft.au=RAV+Vast+-+Steel+Tongue+Drum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D33v7EzIDvoQ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerm%2C+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ravvast.com/">"RAV Vast drum. Easy and enjoyable tongue drum"</a>. <i>ravvast.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 24,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ravvast.com&rft.atitle=RAV+Vast+drum.+Easy+and+enjoyable+tongue+drum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fravvast.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerm%2C+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NR2-20060911-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NR2-20060911_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nr2.ru/perm/photo_reporting/82316.html">В центре Перми появился бурый медведь</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071205114005/http://nr2.ru/perm/photo_reporting/82316.html">Archived</a> December 5, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> — РИА «Новый Регион».</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-News-59-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-News-59_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://59.ru/newsline/18175.html">На пермских улицах появился медведь.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20070706221612/http://59.ru/newsline/18175.html">Archived</a> 2007-07-06 at <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFПермячOk2019" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">ПермячOk (December 7, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://permyachok.ru/permyak-solyonye-ushi-chto-ehto-znachit/">"Пермяк солёные уши: история, памятник, где находится"</a>. <i>ПермячOk</i> (in Russian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 15,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%87Ok&rft.atitle=%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BA+%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B8%3A+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%2C+%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%2C+%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B5+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8F&rft.date=2019-12-07&rft.au=%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%87Ok&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpermyachok.ru%2Fpermyak-solyonye-ushi-chto-ehto-znachit%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerm%2C+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121125064451/http://www.psu.ru/?a=0&lang=Eng&m=008">"Perm State University"</a>. Psu.ru. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.psu.ru/?a=0&lang=Eng&m=008">the original</a> on November 25, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 23,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Perm+State+University&rft.pub=Psu.ru&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.psu.ru%2F%3Fa%3D0%26lang%3DEng%26m%3D008&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerm%2C+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pstu.ru/">"Заставка - Пермский государственный технический университет"</a>. Pstu.ru<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 23,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0+-+%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82&rft.pub=Pstu.ru&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pstu.ru%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerm%2C+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hse.perm.ru/">"Государственный университет - Высшая школа экономики"</a>. Hse.perm.ru<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 23,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82+-+%D0%92%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0+%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8&rft.pub=Hse.perm.ru&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hse.perm.ru%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerm%2C+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.psma.ru/psmabeta2/english/">Perm State Academy Of Medicine</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081026042257/http://www.psma.ru/psmabeta2/english/">Archived</a> October 26, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070912135630/http://www.psfa.ru/english/">"Perm State Pharmaceutical Academy"</a>. <i>www.psfa.ru</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.psfa.ru/english/">the original</a> on September 12, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 15,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.psfa.ru&rft.atitle=Perm+State+Pharmaceutical+Academy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.psfa.ru%2Fenglish%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerm%2C+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140606135300/http://pgsha.ru/web/en/today/">"Perm State Agricultural Academy"</a>. Pgsha.ru. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pgsha.ru/web/en/today/">the original</a> on June 6, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 23,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Perm+State+Agricultural+Academy&rft.pub=Pgsha.ru&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpgsha.ru%2Fweb%2Fen%2Ftoday%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerm%2C+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSite_developed_by_Perm_RCI_PSTU" class="citation web cs1">Site developed by Perm RCI PSTU. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://balletschool.perm.ru/eng/">"Perm State Ballet college"</a>. Balletschool.perm.ru<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 23,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Perm+State+Ballet+college&rft.pub=Balletschool.perm.ru&rft.au=Site+developed+by+Perm+RCI+PSTU&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fballetschool.perm.ru%2Feng%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerm%2C+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131019151509/http://permstat.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_ts/permstat/ru/census_and_researching/census/national_census_2010/score_2010/">"Итоги::Пермьстат"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://permstat.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_ts/permstat/ru/census_and_researching/census/national_census_2010/score_2010/">the original</a> on October 19, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 8,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%98%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%3A%3A%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpermstat.gks.ru%2Fwps%2Fwcm%2Fconnect%2Frosstat_ts%2Fpermstat%2Fru%2Fcensus_and_researching%2Fcensus%2Fnational_census_2010%2Fscore_2010%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerm%2C+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rusbandy.ru%2Fclub%2F445%2F&sandbox=1">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Kama" Perm"</a>. <i>Russian Bandy</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Russian+Bandy&rft.atitle=%22Kama%22+Perm&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftranslate.google.com%2Ftranslate%3Fhl%3Den%26sl%3Dru%26tl%3Den%26u%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.rusbandy.ru%252Fclub%252F445%252F%26sandbox%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerm%2C+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordperm-assoc.org/members-only/news-Jun06.pdf">News June 2006</a> oxfordperm-assoc.org <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged January 2024">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lev-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lev_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pro-marketing.by/Artemiy-Lebedev-pridumal-logotip-goroda-Permi.html">Artemy Lebedev thought up a logo of the Perm city</a> (rus)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gorodperm.ru/about/Brothers_/Twin_Cities/AMNEVILLE">"Города-побратимы Перми"</a>. <i>gorodperm.ru</i> (in Russian). Perm<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 8,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gorodperm.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%8B+%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gorodperm.ru%2Fabout%2FBrothers_%2FTwin_Cities%2FAMNEVILLE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerm%2C+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHughes2022" class="citation news cs1">Hughes, Tim (March 4, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordmail.co.uk/news/19971378.oxford-city-council-ends-unpopular-perm-twin-link-u-turn/">"Oxford City Council ends unpopular Perm twin link in U-turn"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Mail" title="Oxford Mail">Oxford Mail</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 7,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oxford+Mail&rft.atitle=Oxford+City+Council+ends+unpopular+Perm+twin+link+in+U-turn&rft.date=2022-03-04&rft.aulast=Hughes&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordmail.co.uk%2Fnews%2F19971378.oxford-city-council-ends-unpopular-perm-twin-link-u-turn%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerm%2C+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mycouncil.oxford.gov.uk/ieDecisionDetails.aspx?Id=2272">"End of official twinning agreement with Perm"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_City_Council" title="Oxford City Council">Oxford City Council</a>. March 8, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 7,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=End+of+official+twinning+agreement+with+Perm&rft.pub=Oxford+City+Council&rft.date=2022-03-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmycouncil.oxford.gov.uk%2FieDecisionDetails.aspx%3FId%3D2272&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerm%2C+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdie2022" class="citation news cs1">Adie, Shosha (March 9, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordmail.co.uk/news/19981017.oxford-council-removes-russian-twin-town-welcome-sign/">"Oxford council removes Russian twin town from welcome sign"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Mail" title="Oxford Mail">Oxford Mail</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 7,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oxford+Mail&rft.atitle=Oxford+council+removes+Russian+twin+town+from+welcome+sign&rft.date=2022-03-09&rft.aulast=Adie&rft.aufirst=Shosha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordmail.co.uk%2Fnews%2F19981017.oxford-council-removes-russian-twin-town-welcome-sign%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerm%2C+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div><p><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perm,_Russia&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Законодательное собрание Пермской области. Закон №416-67 от 28 февраля 1996 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Пермского края», в ред. Закона №504-ПК от 9 июля 2015 г. «О внесении изменений в Закон Пермской области "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Пермского края"». Вступил в силу с момента опубликования. Опубликован: "Звезда", №38, 12 марта 1996 г.</span></span> (Legislative Assembly of Perm Oblast. Law #416-67 of February 28, 1996 <i>On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Perm Krai</i>, as amended by the Law #504-PK of July 9, 2015 <i>On Amending the Law of Perm Oblast "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Perm Krai"</i>. Effective as of the moment of publication.).</li> <li><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Законодательное собрание Пермской области. Закон №2038-446 от 11 февраля 2005 г. «Об утверждении границ и о наделении статусом муниципального образования "Город Пермь" Пермского края», в ред. Закона №499-ПК от 16 октября 2009 г «О внесении изменений в отдельные законодательные акты Пермской области и Коми-Пермяцкого автономного округа». Вступил в силу через десять дней со дня официального опубликования (12 марта 2005 г.), за исключением отдельных положений, вступивших в силу в иные сроки. Опубликован: "Российская газета", №41, 2 марта 2005 г.</span></span> (Legislative Assembly of Perm Oblast. Law #2038-446 of February 11, 2005 <i>On Establishing the Borders and on Granting the Status to the Municipal Formation of the "City of Perm" of Perm Krai</i>, as amended by the Law #499-PK of October 16, 2009 <i>On Amending Various Legislative Acts of Perm Oblast and Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug</i>. Effective as of the day which is ten days following the day of the official publication (March 12, 2005), with the exception of certain clauses, which took effect on different dates.).</li> <li><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Законодательное собрание Пермской области. Закон №1868-402 от 1 декабря 2004 г. «Об утверждении границ и о наделении статусом муниципальных образований Пермского района Пермского края», в ред. Закона №273-ПК от 14 декабря 2013 г. «О внесении изменений в отдельные Законы Пермской области, Коми-Пермяцкого автономного округа, Пермского края». Вступил в силу через десять дней со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Бюллетень Законодательного Собрания и администрации Пермской области", №1, II часть, 27 января 2005 г.</span></span> (Legislative Assembly of Perm Oblast. Law #1868-402 of December 1, 2004 <i>On Establishing the Borders and on Granting the Status to the Municipal Formations of Permsky District of Perm Krai</i>, as amended by the Law #273-PK of December 14, 2013 <i>On Amending Various Laws of Perm Oblast, Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug, Perm Krai</i>. Effective as of the day which is ten days following the day of the official publication.).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perm,_Russia&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Perm, Russia</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Perm,_Russia" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Perm, Russia">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8C" class="extiw" title="c:Пермь">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Perm,_Russia" class="extiw" title="n:Special:Search/Perm, Russia">News</a> from Wikinews</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Perm,_Russia" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Perm, Russia">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Perm,_Russia" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Perm, Russia">Texts</a> from Wikisource</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Perm,_Russia" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Perm, Russia">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Perm,_Russia" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Perm, Russia">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Perm" class="extiw" title="voy:Perm">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Perm (town)"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Perm_(town)">"Perm (town)" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 21 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 175.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Perm+%28town%29&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=175&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerm%2C+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gorodperm.ru/">Official website of Perm</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.duma.perm.ru/">Official website of the Perm City Duma</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Administrative_divisions_of_Perm_Krai" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="4"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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href="/wiki/Template:Perm_Krai" title="Template:Perm Krai"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Perm_Krai" title="Template talk:Perm Krai"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Perm_Krai" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Perm Krai"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Administrative_divisions_of_Perm_Krai" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Perm_Krai" title="Administrative divisions of Perm Krai">Administrative divisions</a> of <a href="/wiki/Perm_Krai" title="Perm Krai">Perm Krai</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="4"><div><a href="/wiki/Administrative_center" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative center">Administrative center</a>: <b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Perm</a></b> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_rural_localities_in_Perm_Krai" title="List of rural localities in Perm Krai">Rural localities</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 2px 0 0"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Perm_Krai.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Perm Krai"><img alt="Coat of arms of Perm Krai" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Coat_of_Arms_of_Perm_Krai.svg/40px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Perm_Krai.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Coat_of_Arms_of_Perm_Krai.svg/60px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Perm_Krai.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Coat_of_Arms_of_Perm_Krai.svg/80px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Perm_Krai.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="532" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></div></td><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Administrative districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bardymsky_District" title="Bardymsky District">Bardymsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beryozovsky_District,_Perm_Krai" title="Beryozovsky District, Perm Krai">Beryozovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolshesosnovsky_District" title="Bolshesosnovsky District">Bolshesosnovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chastinsky_District" title="Chastinsky District">Chastinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherdynsky_District" title="Cherdynsky District">Cherdynsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chernushinsky_District" title="Chernushinsky District">Chernushinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dobryansky_District" title="Dobryansky District">Dobryansky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gornozavodsky_District" title="Gornozavodsky District">Gornozavodsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilyinsky_District,_Perm_Krai" title="Ilyinsky District, Perm Krai">Ilyinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karagaysky_District" title="Karagaysky District">Karagaysky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kishertsky_District" title="Kishertsky District">Kishertsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krasnovishersky_District" title="Krasnovishersky District">Krasnovishersky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kungursky_District" title="Kungursky District">Kungursky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuyedinsky_District" title="Kuyedinsky District">Kuyedinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nytvensky_District" title="Nytvensky District">Nytvensky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ochyorsky_District" title="Ochyorsky District">Ochyorsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okhansky_District" title="Okhansky District">Okhansky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oktyabrsky_District,_Perm_Krai" title="Oktyabrsky District, Perm Krai">Oktyabrsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordinsky_District" title="Ordinsky District">Ordinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osinsky_District,_Perm_Krai" title="Osinsky District, Perm Krai">Osinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permsky_District" title="Permsky District">Permsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sivinsky_District" title="Sivinsky District">Sivinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solikamsky_District" title="Solikamsky District">Solikamsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suksunsky_District" title="Suksunsky District">Suksunsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uinsky_District" title="Uinsky District">Uinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usolsky_District,_Perm_Krai" title="Usolsky District, Perm Krai">Usolsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vereshchaginsky_District" title="Vereshchaginsky District">Vereshchaginsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yelovsky_District" title="Yelovsky District">Yelovsky</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Perm_Krai.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Perm Krai"><img alt="Flag of Perm Krai" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Perm_Krai.svg/40px-Flag_of_Perm_Krai.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Perm_Krai.svg/60px-Flag_of_Perm_Krai.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Perm_Krai.svg/80px-Flag_of_Perm_Krai.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Administrative districts<br />of <a href="/wiki/Komi-Permyak_Okrug" title="Komi-Permyak Okrug">Komi-Permyak Okrug</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaynsky_District" title="Gaynsky District">Gaynsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kochyovsky_District" title="Kochyovsky District">Kochyovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosinsky_District" title="Kosinsky District">Kosinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kudymkarsky_District" title="Kudymkarsky District">Kudymkarsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yurlinsky_District" title="Yurlinsky District">Yurlinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusvinsky_District" title="Yusvinsky District">Yusvinsky</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Closed administrative-territorial<br />formations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zvyozdny,_Perm_Krai" title="Zvyozdny, Perm Krai">Zvyozdny</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cities and towns<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(all levels)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexandrovsk,_Perm_Krai" title="Alexandrovsk, Perm Krai">Alexandrovsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berezniki" title="Berezniki">Berezniki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaykovsky,_Perm_Krai" title="Chaykovsky, Perm Krai">Chaykovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherdyn,_Perm_Krai" title="Cherdyn, Perm Krai">Cherdyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chernushka,_Chernushinsky_District,_Perm_Krai" title="Chernushka, Chernushinsky District, Perm Krai">Chernushka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chusovoy" title="Chusovoy">Chusovoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chyormoz" title="Chyormoz">Chyormoz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dobryanka,_Perm_Krai" title="Dobryanka, Perm Krai">Dobryanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gornozavodsk,_Perm_Krai" title="Gornozavodsk, Perm Krai">Gornozavodsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gremyachinsk" title="Gremyachinsk">Gremyachinsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gubakha" title="Gubakha">Gubakha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kizel" title="Kizel">Kizel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krasnokamsk" title="Krasnokamsk">Krasnokamsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krasnovishersk" title="Krasnovishersk">Krasnovishersk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kudymkar" title="Kudymkar">Kudymkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kungur" title="Kungur">Kungur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysva" title="Lysva">Lysva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nytva" title="Nytva">Nytva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ochyor" title="Ochyor">Ochyor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okhansk" title="Okhansk">Okhansk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osa,_Perm_Krai" title="Osa, Perm Krai">Osa</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Perm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solikamsk" title="Solikamsk">Solikamsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usolye,_Usolsky_District,_Perm_Krai" title="Usolye, Usolsky District, Perm Krai">Usolye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vereshchagino,_Vereshchaginsky_District,_Perm_Krai" title="Vereshchagino, Vereshchaginsky District, Perm Krai">Vereshchagino</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Urban-type_settlement" title="Urban-type settlement">Urban-type settlements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biser,_Russia" title="Biser, Russia">Biser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalino,_Chusovoy,_Perm_Krai" title="Kalino, Chusovoy, Perm Krai">Kalino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kusye-Alexandrovsky" title="Kusye-Alexandrovsky">Kusye-Alexandrovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyamino,_Perm_Krai" title="Lyamino, Perm Krai">Lyamino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medvedka" title="Medvedka">Medvedka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novoilyinsky,_Perm_Krai" title="Novoilyinsky, Perm Krai">Novoilyinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novovilvensky" title="Novovilvensky">Novovilvensky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyrob" title="Nyrob">Nyrob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oktyabrsky,_Oktyabrsky_District,_Perm_Krai" title="Oktyabrsky, Oktyabrsky District, Perm Krai">Oktyabrsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overyata" title="Overyata">Overyata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashiya" title="Pashiya">Pashiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavlovsky,_Perm_Krai" title="Pavlovsky, Perm Krai">Pavlovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polazna" title="Polazna">Polazna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promysla" title="Promysla">Promysla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarany" title="Sarany">Sarany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sars_(urban-type_settlement)" title="Sars (urban-type settlement)">Sars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirokovsky" title="Shirokovsky">Shirokovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skalny,_Perm_Krai" title="Skalny, Perm Krai">Skalny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stary_Biser" title="Stary Biser">Stary Biser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suksun" title="Suksun">Suksun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyoplaya_Gora" title="Tyoplaya Gora">Tyoplaya Gora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugleuralsky" title="Ugleuralsky">Ugleuralsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uralsky,_Perm_Krai" title="Uralsky, Perm Krai">Uralsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usva" title="Usva">Usva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vsevolodo-Vilva" title="Vsevolodo-Vilva">Vsevolodo-Vilva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yayva" title="Yayva">Yayva</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q915#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q915#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q915#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/143067504">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJcWtHWbKHWRJpg9JqX8G3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4216585-4">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80106972">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Perm (Rusko)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge116847&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007557233105171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/9f3f583e-c3b7-43a9-9ce5-b21027e5357b">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/061071234">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://perm.online/">"Perm Online"</a>. <i>Perm City Forum</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Perm+City+Forum&rft.atitle=Perm+Online&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fperm.online%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerm%2C+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perm,_Russia&oldid=1259761383">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perm,_Russia&oldid=1259761383</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Perm,_Russia" title="Category:Perm, Russia">Perm, Russia</a></li><li><a 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