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functions and value subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Wetland_functions_and_value-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Floodwater_storage_and_filtration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Floodwater_storage_and_filtration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Floodwater storage and filtration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Floodwater_storage_and_filtration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Habitat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Habitat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Habitat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Habitat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate_change_mitigation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate_change_mitigation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Climate change mitigation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate_change_mitigation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biological_productivity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biological_productivity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Biological productivity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biological_productivity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recreation,_education_and_research" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recreation,_education_and_research"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Recreation, education and research</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recreation,_education_and_research-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Threats_to_wetlands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Threats_to_wetlands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Threats to wetlands</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Threats_to_wetlands-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Threats to wetlands subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Threats_to_wetlands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Habitat_loss" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Habitat_loss"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Habitat loss</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Habitat_loss-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pollution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pollution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Pollution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pollution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Invasive_species" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Invasive_species"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Invasive species</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Invasive_species-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate_change" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate_change"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Climate change</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate_change-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Importance_of_wetland_conservation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Importance_of_wetland_conservation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Importance of wetland conservation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Importance_of_wetland_conservation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Restoration_efforts_and_projects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Restoration_efforts_and_projects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Restoration efforts and projects</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Restoration_efforts_and_projects-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Restoration efforts and projects subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Restoration_efforts_and_projects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration_(NOAA;_USA_2022)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration_(NOAA;_USA_2022)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA; USA 2022)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration_(NOAA;_USA_2022)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eden_Reforestation_Project_(USA_2022)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eden_Reforestation_Project_(USA_2022)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Eden Reforestation Project (USA 2022)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eden_Reforestation_Project_(USA_2022)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comprehensive_Everglades_Restoration_Plan_(CERP;_USA_2000–present)" 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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Danube_River_Basin_Program_(Europe_2023–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Danube River Basin Program (Europe 2023–present)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Danube_River_Basin_Program_(Europe_2023–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Burmese_Python_Management_Project_(Florida,_USA_2024–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Burmese_Python_Management_Project_(Florida,_USA_2024–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Burmese Python Management Project (Florida, USA 2024–present)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Burmese_Python_Management_Project_(Florida,_USA_2024–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav 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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Wetland conservation</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Conservation of wet areas</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ujscie_Warty_PN_09-2017_img10.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Ujscie_Warty_PN_09-2017_img10.jpg/376px-Ujscie_Warty_PN_09-2017_img10.jpg" decoding="async" width="376" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Ujscie_Warty_PN_09-2017_img10.jpg/564px-Ujscie_Warty_PN_09-2017_img10.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Ujscie_Warty_PN_09-2017_img10.jpg/752px-Ujscie_Warty_PN_09-2017_img10.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5644" data-file-height="2822" /></a><figcaption>A wetland (aerial view)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Wetland conservation</b> is aimed at protecting and preserving areas of land including <a href="/wiki/Marsh" title="Marsh">marshes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swamp" title="Swamp">swamps</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bog" title="Bog">bogs</a>, and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.epa.gov/wetlands/classification-and-types-wetlands##Fens">fens</a> that are covered by water seasonally or permanently due to a variety of threats from both natural and <a href="/wiki/Anthropogenic_hazard" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthropogenic hazard">anthropogenic</a> hazards. Some examples of these hazards include habitat loss, pollution, and invasive species. Wetland vary widely in their salinity levels, <a href="/wiki/Climate_classification" title="Climate classification">climate zones</a>, and surrounding geography and play a crucial role in maintaining biodiversity, ecosystem services, and support human communities.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Wetland" title="Wetland">Wetlands</a> cover at least six percent of the Earth and have become a focal issue for conservation due to the <a href="/wiki/Ecosystem_service" title="Ecosystem service">ecosystem services</a> they provide. More than three billion people, around half the world's population, obtain their basic water needs from inland freshwater wetlands.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They provide essential habitats for fish and various wildlife species, playing a vital role in purifying <a href="/wiki/Pollution" title="Pollution">polluted</a> waters and mitigating the damaging effects of floods and storms. Furthermore, they offer a diverse range of recreational activities, including fishing, hunting, photography, and wildlife observation.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wetland_functions_and_value">Wetland functions and value</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wetland_conservation&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Wetland functions and value"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wetlands serve as multifaceted ecosystems with a wide array of essential functions that contribute to both the environment and human societies. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Floodwater_storage_and_filtration">Floodwater storage and filtration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wetland_conservation&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Floodwater storage and filtration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wetlands can help mitigate the impacts of flooding in areas due to their function of floodwater storage. According to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dec.vermont.gov/watershed/wetlands/functions/storage#:~:text=By%20holding%20back%20some%20of,of%20downstream%20flooding%20and%20erosion.">Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation</a>, numerous wetlands, particularly those situated in <a href="/wiki/Floodplain" title="Floodplain">floodplains</a>, possess the ability to temporarily hold excess floodwaters when there are high runoff conditions. While wetlands have been likened to natural sponges in the past, their role is better compared to that of natural reservoirs. They store floodwaters that spill over <a href="/wiki/Bank_(geography)" title="Bank (geography)">riverbanks</a> or accumulate in low-lying areas. As floodwaters gradually subside, these wetlands slowly release the stored water from their soils. This function of retaining some of the floodwaters and regulating the pace at which water re-enters the stream can effectively decrease the intensity of downstream flooding and <a href="/wiki/Erosion" title="Erosion">erosion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wetlands also aid in water filtration by removing excess nutrients, slowing the water allowing particulates to settle out of the water which can then be absorbed into plant roots. Their vegetation and soil trap <a href="/wiki/Sediment" title="Sediment">sediments</a> and pollutants, while beneficial <a href="/wiki/Microorganism" title="Microorganism">microbes</a> in the wetland break down harmful substances. In this manner, these invertebrates are capable of removing as much as 90% of bacteria from the water.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Habitat">Habitat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wetland_conservation&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Habitat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AlgonquinBeaverDam.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/AlgonquinBeaverDam.JPG/220px-AlgonquinBeaverDam.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/AlgonquinBeaverDam.JPG/330px-AlgonquinBeaverDam.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/AlgonquinBeaverDam.JPG/440px-AlgonquinBeaverDam.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Beavers are one of the many organisms that utilize wetlands as their habitats. Dams are built by beavers as their homes to care for offspring that are used as a safe haven from predators and climate conditions.</figcaption></figure> <p>Wetlands play a vital role in providing diverse and critical habitats for a wide array of plant and animal species, serving as a cornerstone of ecological diversity. Different species of fish and wildlife utilize wetlands in various ways. Some rely on wetlands as their main <a href="/wiki/Habitat" title="Habitat">habitat</a>, while others use them seasonally for food and shelter. Wetlands are crucial for the survival of many species, while they serve as essential seasonal habitats for others.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The synergy of shallow waters, abundant nutrients, and high primary productivity creates a perfect environment for the growth of organisms that make up the foundation of the <a href="/wiki/Food_chain" title="Food chain">food chain</a>, providing nourishment for various fish, <a href="/wiki/Amphibian" title="Amphibian">amphibians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shellfish" title="Shellfish">shellfish</a>, and insects.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wetlands have also been a location favored by scientists in aid to the improvement and discovery of medicine. There is an estimated 70-80% of people worldwide who rely on herbal medicine as well as income from harvest and trade of plants due to their medicinal purposes. Although there is no existence of a global inventory of wetland medicinal species, the <a href="/wiki/Salix_alba" title="Salix alba">White willow</a> is an example. This <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://shorestewards.cw.wsu.edu/faq/the-importance-of-streamside-plants-trees/#:~:text=Plants%20growing%20along%20the%20banks,across%20the%20landscape%20towards%20waterways.">riverine</a> plant is used in skin care products as well as being the original source of <a href="/wiki/Salicylic_acid" title="Salicylic acid">salicylic acid</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, numerous species of birds and mammals depend on wetlands to find their food, drink water, and have a safe place to stay, particularly during their long journeys or when they're having babies.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate_change_mitigation">Climate change mitigation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wetland_conservation&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Climate change mitigation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wetlands play a crucial and multifaceted role in mitigating <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a> through their natural processes and functions.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They capture <a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon">carbon</a> from the air when plants grow and trap <a href="/wiki/Sediment" title="Sediment">sediment</a> from water. This carbon gets stored in plants, leaves, soil, and mud, sometimes for thousands of years.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to an article published by <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms13835">A.M. Nahlik and M.S. Fennesy</a>, worldwide, wetlands retain around 700 billion tons of carbon, mainly in peat soils, with an annual sequestration rate of 96 million tons. In the United States, it's estimated that wetlands contain 11.52 billion tons of carbon, equivalent to approximately 1% of the global soil carbon reservoir which highlights the carbon storage capacity of wetlands on a global scale. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biological_productivity">Biological productivity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wetland_conservation&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Biological productivity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While wetlands only cover around 5% of the <a href="/wiki/Contiguous_United_States" title="Contiguous United States">Conterminous United States</a>'s land surface, they support 31% of the plant species. Through wetlands ability to absorb nutrients, they are able to be highly biologically productive (able to produce <a href="/wiki/Biomass_(ecology)" title="Biomass (ecology)">biomass</a> quickly). Freshwater wetlands are even comparable to <a href="/wiki/Tropical_rainforest" title="Tropical rainforest">tropical rainforests</a> in plant productivity.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their ability to efficiently create biomass may become important to the development of <a href="/wiki/Energy_development" title="Energy development">alternative energy sources</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wetland_Discovery_(4901590996).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Wetland_Discovery_%284901590996%29.jpg/220px-Wetland_Discovery_%284901590996%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Wetland_Discovery_%284901590996%29.jpg/330px-Wetland_Discovery_%284901590996%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Wetland_Discovery_%284901590996%29.jpg/440px-Wetland_Discovery_%284901590996%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Students explore wetlands at DeSoto National Wildlife Refuge for educational benefits.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recreation,_education_and_research"><span id="Recreation.2C_education_and_research"></span>Recreation, education and research</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wetland_conservation&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Recreation, education and research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wetlands, beyond their ecological importance, offer a wealth of <a href="/wiki/Recreation" title="Recreation">recreational</a> opportunities, serve as invaluable educational resources, and serve as living laboratories for vital research. These unique ecosystems attract outdoor enthusiasts, providing spaces for activities like <a href="/wiki/Birdwatching" title="Birdwatching">birdwatching</a>, hiking, and photography while also serving as educational platforms where people can learn about nature and environmental conservation. Additionally, wetlands provide researchers with dynamic environments to study various ecological processes and species, contributing to our understanding of the natural world.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Threats_to_wetlands">Threats to wetlands</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wetland_conservation&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Threats to wetlands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unfccc.int/news/wetlands-disappearing-three-times-faster-than-forests">UN Climate Change News</a>, wetlands are disappearing three times faster than forests. Wetlands are facing growing threats that put their health at risk. Urban development, pollution, land drainage, and climate change are endangering these valuable habitats that serve as essential flood buffers and wildlife havens.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Habitat_loss">Habitat loss</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wetland_conservation&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Habitat loss"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Globally, continued <a href="/wiki/Habitat_destruction" title="Habitat destruction">habitat loss</a> alone is projected to drive approximately 1,700 <a href="/wiki/Vertebrate" title="Vertebrate">vertebrate</a> species to extinction by 2070.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Costal wetlands are very vulnerable to this threat due to erosion, subsidence, sea-level rise, development, and drainage. "Approximately seven football fields every hour, and a twenty five percent increase over the previous 6 year study period."<sup id="cite_ref-auto_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Common direct impacts of habitat loss to wetlands include removal of vegetation, fluctuation in water levels, and building construction. The decline in wetland habitat has far-reaching economic and societal implications. The degradation and loss of these habitats have resulted in the reduction of fish populations in terms of both their size and <a href="/wiki/Diversity_of_fish" title="Diversity of fish">diversity</a>. This, in turn, has led to a decrease in the availability of opportunities for both the commercial fishing industry and recreational fishing, impacting the livelihoods and leisure activities of many individuals and communities. Not only is this habitat loss affecting the fish residing in these wetlands and the recreational activities that come from them, the reduction in fish populations resulting from habitat loss in wetlands can disrupt the delicate balance of the ecosystem. As fish play a crucial role in the food chain, their decline can lead to changes in the abundance and behavior of other species, affecting the entire wetland ecosystem.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pollution">Pollution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wetland_conservation&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Pollution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Litter_pollution_in_wetland_area.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Litter_pollution_in_wetland_area.jpg/220px-Litter_pollution_in_wetland_area.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Litter_pollution_in_wetland_area.jpg/330px-Litter_pollution_in_wetland_area.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Litter_pollution_in_wetland_area.jpg/440px-Litter_pollution_in_wetland_area.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2700" data-file-height="4043" /></a><figcaption>Plastic pollution residing in wetland</figcaption></figure> <p>Wetlands are susceptible to the detrimental effects of pollution, which can undermine their ecological health and diminish their vital functions. Pollution from various sources, including <a href="/wiki/Agricultural_pollution" title="Agricultural pollution">agricultural runoff</a>, industrial discharges, and urban <a href="/wiki/Contamination" title="Contamination">contaminants</a>, poses a significant threat to the delicate balance of wetland ecosystems, affecting not only their plant and animal residents but also the critical services they provide. According to an article published by <a href="/wiki/National_Marine_Fisheries_Service" title="National Marine Fisheries Service">NOAA Fisheries</a>, due to high concentrations of pollution, a wetland's filtration system capacity can become overwhelmed thus allowing excess nutrients and toxic chemicals to concentrate in waterways which create <a href="/wiki/Dead_zone_(ecology)" title="Dead zone (ecology)">dead zones</a> that leave organisms that live in the water to be unable to survive. Not only do wetlands only serve as conduits for the passage of plastic waste but also act as sites where plastic waste accumulates over time, posing enduring challenges.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Human actions, including the construction of roads and the extraction of resources, have significantly disturbed wetland ecosystems. This has made previously drained wetlands susceptible to wildfires thus increasing the chance of <a href="/wiki/Air_pollution" title="Air pollution">air pollution</a> from the toxic metals that wetlands have absorbed and stored resting in <a href="/wiki/Peat" title="Peat">peat</a> that can pose health threats to people and environment. Once a drained wetland ignites, "<a href="/wiki/Peatland" title="Peatland">peatland</a> fires are difficult to contain as they can smolder for weeks, months or even years. They produce copious of smoke and ash, filling the air with microscopic particles."<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Invasive_species">Invasive species</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wetland_conservation&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Invasive species"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nutria_(Myocastor_coypus)_in_a_partially_frozen_river_Ljubljanica.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Nutria_%28Myocastor_coypus%29_in_a_partially_frozen_river_Ljubljanica.jpg/220px-Nutria_%28Myocastor_coypus%29_in_a_partially_frozen_river_Ljubljanica.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Nutria_%28Myocastor_coypus%29_in_a_partially_frozen_river_Ljubljanica.jpg/330px-Nutria_%28Myocastor_coypus%29_in_a_partially_frozen_river_Ljubljanica.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Nutria_%28Myocastor_coypus%29_in_a_partially_frozen_river_Ljubljanica.jpg/440px-Nutria_%28Myocastor_coypus%29_in_a_partially_frozen_river_Ljubljanica.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4155" data-file-height="2338" /></a><figcaption>Nutria (Myocastor coypus)</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Invasive_species" title="Invasive species">Invasive species</a> are causing considerable harm to wetlands by outcompeting native plants and animals, thereby disrupting the delicate balance of these ecosystems. These invaders often grow more aggressively and can change the wetland's structure and function, reducing its capacity for flood control and <a href="/wiki/Water_purification" title="Water purification">water purification</a>. Additionally, invasive species can negatively impact the availability of suitable habitats for native species and contribute to the overall <a href="/wiki/Habitat_destruction" title="Habitat destruction">degradation</a> of wetland health.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An example of one of the many organisms that pose as an invasive species threat to wetlands is the <a href="/wiki/Nutria" title="Nutria">Nutria</a>. The Nutria is a semi-aquatic rodent that originated from South America but was brought to the United States in 1889 due to the popularity of its fur, but over the years has taken over wetlands due to being released or escaping ranches. Due to their high reproductive rate and lack of implemented population control, these rodents have led to crop damage, decrease of native plants due to consumption, and an increase in flood damage due to their low made burrows.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate_change">Climate change</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wetland_conservation&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Climate change"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">Climate change</a> has a significant impact on wetlands, primarily through rising temperatures and altered precipitation patterns. These changes can lead to shifts in wetland ecosystems, affecting the distribution of plant and animal species.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, increased temperatures can result in the loss of wetland habitat and contribute to <a href="/wiki/Sea_level_rise" title="Sea level rise">sea-level rise</a>, which can further threaten the stability and function of <a href="/wiki/Coastal_Wetlands_Planning,_Protection_and_Restoration_Act" title="Coastal Wetlands Planning, Protection and Restoration Act">coastal wetlands</a> as well as leading to altered precipitation patterns and prolonged droughts, resulting in reduced water levels and drying of wetland areas. As temperatures rise, wetlands are susceptible to more frequent and severe <a href="/wiki/Wildfire" title="Wildfire">wildfires</a>. The increased fire risk can lead to the destruction of wetland vegetation, further diminishing their capacity to support wildlife and maintain their ecological functions.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Importance_of_wetland_conservation">Importance of wetland conservation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wetland_conservation&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Importance of wetland conservation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Restoring wetlands through <a href="/wiki/Conservation_movement" title="Conservation movement">conservation</a> efforts is critical for preserving their vital functions. These ecosystems offer natural <a href="/wiki/Flood_control" class="mw-redirect" title="Flood control">flood control</a>, <a href="/wiki/Water_purification" title="Water purification">water purification</a>, and support for <a href="/wiki/Biodiversity" title="Biodiversity">biodiversity</a>, making them essential for ecological health and human well-being. Wetland restoration aims to <a href="/wiki/Land_rehabilitation" title="Land rehabilitation">rehabilitate</a> damaged wetland areas by addressing factors like water retention, damage from activities such as <a href="/wiki/Logging" title="Logging">logging</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grazing" title="Grazing">grazing</a>, and off-road vehicle use, or changes in water sources. Restoration projects can range from ceasing harmful practices to reestablishing water flow and wetland characteristics. By restoring wetlands, efforts can enhance their resilience, mitigate the effects of <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a>, and ensure the continued provision of valuable <a href="/wiki/Ecosystem_service" title="Ecosystem service">ecosystem services</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Restoration_efforts_and_projects">Restoration efforts and projects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wetland_conservation&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Restoration efforts and projects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Numerous projects and organizations are actively contributing to wetland restoration efforts. They often collaborate with government agencies, local communities, and conservationists to rehabilitate degraded wetlands by implementing restoration plans. These initiatives include activities like re-establishing water flow, controlling invasive species, and replanting native vegetation, ultimately revitalizing wetland ecosystems and safeguarding their critical ecological functions. The following list is not comprehensive. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration_(NOAA;_USA_2022)"><span id="National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration_.28NOAA.3B_USA_2022.29"></span>National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA; USA 2022)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wetland_conservation&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA; USA 2022)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Wetland_conservation_in_the_United_States" title="Wetland conservation in the United States">Wetland conservation in the United States</a></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Wetlands_of_Louisiana" title="Wetlands of Louisiana">Louisiana's Barataria Basin</a>, NOAA and partners have begun construction on one of the largest habitat restoration efforts to date in a 1,200 acre marsh in hopes to restore and create a new habitat, reduce erosion, and protect communities.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eden_Reforestation_Project_(USA_2022)"><span id="Eden_Reforestation_Project_.28USA_2022.29"></span>Eden Reforestation Project (USA 2022)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wetland_conservation&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Eden Reforestation Project (USA 2022)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.edenprojects.org/our-work/landscape-restoration?atrkid=V3ADW8BA6461C_152916506573_kwd-527888329832__672408386779_g_c___&gclid=Cj0KCQjwm66pBhDQARIsALIR2zAczPgkXltjb0UaJ7BuBlZS4wLpmVgMLz0BtYaN7f18ZSEYGpeDLgAaAvmGEALw_wcB">The Eden Reforestation Project</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Nonprofit_organization" title="Nonprofit organization">non-profit organization</a> that collaborates directly with local communities and non-government/government organizations and focuses on global reforestation efforts. They work in various countries, employing local workers to plant trees and restore damaged forests, aiming to combat <a href="/wiki/Deforestation" title="Deforestation">deforestation</a>, alleviate poverty, and mitigate the effects of climate change. Eden relies on data-driven strategies in its restoration efforts and maintains a strong dedication to flexible management practices. This involves integrating the latest scientific insights, adapting methods as they evolve, and implementing tailored monitoring techniques for each project to ensure their effectiveness, reliability, and repeatability.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Comprehensive_Everglades_Restoration_Plan_(CERP;_USA_2000–present)"><span id="Comprehensive_Everglades_Restoration_Plan_.28CERP.3B_USA_2000.E2.80.93present.29"></span>Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP; USA 2000–present)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wetland_conservation&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP; USA 2000–present)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The CERP is a multi-billion-dollar plan approved by the U.S. Congress in 2000 to save the wetlands of the <a href="/wiki/Everglades" title="Everglades">Everglades</a> in southern Florida with only 50% of its natural wetlands remaining.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The goal of this plan is to increase freshwater storage, improve water quality, and re-establish the natural water flow. Out of the 68 restoration components outlined in the Integrated Development Strategy, 24 had been finalized by the end of 2021. During that same year, two additional projects were successfully concluded. In 2022, one project is on track for completion, while construction is actively progressing on nine other projects.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Yellow_River_Wetland_Conservation_(China_2019)"><span id="Yellow_River_Wetland_Conservation_.28China_2019.29"></span>Yellow River Wetland Conservation (China 2019)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wetland_conservation&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Yellow River Wetland Conservation (China 2019)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.paulsoninstitute.org/conservation/wetlands-conservation/wetland-conservation-strategy-and-priority-actions-in-the-yellow-river-basin/#:~:text=In%202019%2C%20the%20Chinese%20government,a%20key%20part%20of%20this">Yellow River Wetland Conservation Project</a> is an initiative in China aimed at preserving and restoring the critical wetland ecosystems along the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_River" title="Yellow River">Yellow River</a>, also known as the Huang He. The Yellow River is one of China's major rivers, and it flows through several provinces, supporting various wetland habitats and wildlife. The project focuses on a range of activities including wetland restoration, biodiversity protection, and sustainable land use.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Danube_River_Basin_Program_(Europe_2023–present)"><span id="Danube_River_Basin_Program_.28Europe_2023.E2.80.93present.29"></span>Danube River Basin Program (Europe 2023–present)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wetland_conservation&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Danube River Basin Program (Europe 2023–present)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.danube4allproject.eu/">Dunube4all</a> is a supported effort to restore ocean and waters of Europe. The goal of this project is to restore freshwater ecosystems in the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.icpdr.org/danube-basin/danube-river-basin#:~:text=The%20Danube%20River%20Basin%20can,Germany%20to%20Bratislava%20in%20Slovakia.">Danube River Basin</a> by 2030. The project employs a cross-sector approach to tackle the wide range of environmental issues within the Danube River Basin. These encompass the significant loss of river connectivity, related ecosystem decline, declines in biodiversity, and the necessity for fresh approaches to nature-centered solutions that can rejuvenate our relationship with the river.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Burmese_Python_Management_Project_(Florida,_USA_2024–present)"><span id="Burmese_Python_Management_Project_.28Florida.2C_USA_2024.E2.80.93present.29"></span>Burmese Python Management Project (Florida, USA 2024–present)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wetland_conservation&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Burmese Python Management Project (Florida, USA 2024–present)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Burmese_python" title="Burmese python">Burmese Python</a> Management Project in Florida's <a href="/wiki/Everglades_National_Park" title="Everglades National Park">Everglades National Park</a> addresses the ecological impact of invasive Burmese pythons, which have contributed to significant declines in local wildlife populations.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These non-native snakes have established a breeding population in the Everglades, affecting species such as <a href="/wiki/Raccoon" title="Raccoon">raccoons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Opossum" title="Opossum">opossums</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Marsh_rabbit" title="Marsh rabbit">marsh rabbits</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The project uses drone-based telemetry technology, including systems developed by <a href="/wiki/Wildlife_Drones" title="Wildlife Drones">Wildlife Drones</a> to track and monitor multiple tagged pythons across large areas, improving data collection and supporting efforts to manage the python population and restore the Everglades ecosystem.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wetland_conservation&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Atchafalaya_Basin.jpg/32px-Atchafalaya_Basin.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Atchafalaya_Basin.jpg/48px-Atchafalaya_Basin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Atchafalaya_Basin.jpg/64px-Atchafalaya_Basin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1001" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Wetlands" title="Portal:Wetlands">Wetlands portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Wetlands_Day" title="World Wetlands Day">World Wetlands Day</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wetland_conservation&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span 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N.; Scholz, Miklas (2021-05-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jenvman.2021.112160">"Impact of climate change on wetland ecosystems: A critical review of experimental wetlands"</a>. <i>Journal of Environmental Management</i>. <b>286</b>: 112160. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021JEnvM.28612160S">2021JEnvM.28612160S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jenvman.2021.112160">10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112160</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0301-4797">0301-4797</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33611067">33611067</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:231989149">231989149</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Impact+of+climate+change+on+wetland+ecosystems%3A+A+critical+review+of+experimental+wetlands&rft.volume=286&rft.pages=112160&rft.date=2021-05-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A231989149%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2021JEnvM.28612160S&rft.issn=0301-4797&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jenvman.2021.112160&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F33611067&rft.aulast=Salimi&rft.aufirst=Shokoufeh&rft.au=Almuktar%2C+Suhad+A.+A.+A.+N.&rft.au=Scholz%2C+Miklas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252Fj.jenvman.2021.112160&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWetland+conservation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eri.iu.edu/erit/implications/wetlands.html">"Wetlands: Implications of Climate Change: ERIT: Environmental Resilience Institute: Indiana University"</a>. <i>Environmental Resilience Institute</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 30,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www2.dnr.state.mi.us&rft.atitle=WETLAND+RESTORATION+TECHNIQUES&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.dnr.state.mi.us%2Fpublications%2Fpdfs%2Fhuntingwildlifehabitat%2Flandowners_guide%2FResource_Dir%2FAcrobat%2FWetland_Restoration_Techniques.PDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWetland+conservation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFisheries2022" class="citation web cs1">Fisheries, NOAA (2022-09-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/feature-story/noaas-largest-wetland-restoration-project-underway-louisiana">"NOAA's Largest Wetland Restoration Project Underway in Louisiana | NOAA Fisheries"</a>. <i>NOAA</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=EcoLogic&rft.atitle=Restoration+of+the+Danube+River+Basin+Waters+for+Ecosystems+and+People+from+Mountains+to+Coast+%28DANUBE4all%29&rft.date=2023-01-01&rft.aulast=Kampa&rft.aufirst=Eleftheria&rft.au=Tarpey%2C+John&rft.au=Lago%2C+Manuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecologic.eu%2F18915&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWetland+conservation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://myfwc.com/wildlifehabitats/nonnatives/python/removing/">"Removing"</a>. <i>Florida Fish And Wildlife Conservation Commission</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-09-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Florida+Fish+And+Wildlife+Conservation+Commission&rft.atitle=Removing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmyfwc.com%2Fwildlifehabitats%2Fnonnatives%2Fpython%2Fremoving%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWetland+conservation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usgs.gov/faqs/how-have-invasive-pythons-impacted-florida-ecosystems">"How have invasive pythons impacted Florida ecosystems? | U.S. Geological Survey"</a>. <i>www.usgs.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-09-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wildlife+Drones&rft.atitle=Radio-tracking+Burmese+Pythons&rft.date=2024-04-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwildlifedrones.net%2Fradio-tracking-burmese-pythons%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWetland+conservation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wetland_conservation&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.notesfromthefieldtv.com">Short public TV program on Florida Everglades</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Conservation_of_species" title="Template:Conservation of species"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Conservation_of_species" title="Template talk:Conservation of species"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Conservation_of_species" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Conservation of species"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Conservation_of_species" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Conservation_biology" title="Conservation biology">Conservation of species</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_conservation_articles" title="Index of conservation articles">Index of conservation articles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conservation_biology" title="Conservation biology">Conservation<br />biology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biodiversity#Conservation" title="Biodiversity">Biodiversity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captive_breeding" title="Captive breeding">Captive breeding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compassionate_conservation" title="Compassionate conservation">Compassionate conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_behavior" title="Conservation behavior">Conservation behavior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation-dependent_species" title="Conservation-dependent species">Conservation-dependent species</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_genetics" title="Conservation genetics">Conservation genetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation-induced_extinction" title="Conservation-induced extinction">Conservation-induced extinction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_status" title="Conservation status">Conservation status</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endemism" title="Endemism">Endemism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ex-situ_conservation" class="mw-redirect" title="Ex-situ conservation">Ex-situ conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extinction_threshold" title="Extinction threshold">Extinction threshold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/In-situ_conservation" title="In-situ conservation">In-situ conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latent_extinction_risk" title="Latent extinction risk">Latent extinction risk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_conservation" title="Marine conservation">Marine conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutualisms_and_conservation" title="Mutualisms and conservation">Mutualisms and conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nature_conservation" title="Nature conservation">Nature conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_biology_of_parasites" title="Conservation biology of parasites">Conservation biology of parasites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Species_translocation" title="Species translocation">Species translocation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_welfare" title="Conservation welfare">Conservation welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Threatened_species" title="Threatened species">Threatened species</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulnerability_and_susceptibility_in_conservation_biology" title="Vulnerability and susceptibility in conservation biology">Vulnerability and susceptibility</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Approaches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_agriculture" title="Conservation agriculture">Conservation agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_development" title="Conservation development">Conservation development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_finance" title="Conservation finance">Conservation finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_grazing" title="Conservation grazing">Conservation grazing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_management_system" title="Conservation management system">Conservation management system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_movement" title="Conservation movement">Conservation movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_photography" title="Conservation photography">Conservation photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_psychology" title="Conservation psychology">Conservation psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conspicuous_conservation" title="Conspicuous conservation">Conspicuous conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community-based_conservation" title="Community-based conservation">Community-based conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecoregion_conservation_status" title="Ecoregion conservation status">Ecoregion conservation status</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_protection" title="Environmental protection">Environmental protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evidence-based_conservation" title="Evidence-based conservation">Evidence-based conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flagship_species" title="Flagship species">Flagship species</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_forest_management" class="mw-redirect" title="Sustainable forest management">Forest management</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Forest_protection" title="Forest protection">Forest protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_rainforest_conservation" title="Tropical rainforest conservation">Tropical rainforest conservation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Conservation_and_Development_Project" title="Integrated Conservation and Development Project">Integrated Conservation and Development Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Other_effective_area-based_conservation_measures" title="Other effective area-based conservation measures">Other effective area-based conservation measures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riparian_buffer" title="Riparian buffer">Riparian buffer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roadless_area_conservation" title="Roadless area conservation">Roadless area conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roadside_conservation" title="Roadside conservation">Roadside conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Site-based_conservation" title="Site-based conservation">Site-based conservation</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wetland conservation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Protected_area" title="Protected area">Protected<br />areas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_designation" title="Conservation designation">Conservation designation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservation district">Conservation district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_easement" title="Conservation easement">Conservation easement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_reserve" title="Conservation reserve">Conservation reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gap_analysis_(conservation)" title="Gap analysis (conservation)">Gap analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitat_conservation" title="Habitat conservation">Habitat conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_conservation_value_area" class="mw-redirect" title="High conservation value area">High conservation value area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landscape-scale_conservation" title="Landscape-scale conservation">Landscape-scale conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_protected_area" title="Marine protected area">Marine protected area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxan" title="Marxan">Marxan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_space_reserve" title="Open space reserve">Open space reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_corridor" title="Wildlife corridor">Wildlife corridor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/30_by_30" title="30 by 30">30 by 30 target</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_refugee" title="Conservation refugee">Conservation refugee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortress_conservation" title="Fortress conservation">Fortress conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitat_fragmentation" title="Habitat fragmentation">Habitat fragmentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human%E2%80%93wildlife_conflict" title="Human–wildlife conflict">Human–wildlife conflict</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Restoration_ecology" class="mw-redirect" title="Restoration ecology">Restoration</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assisted_natural_regeneration" title="Assisted natural regeneration">Assisted natural regeneration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecosystem_restoration" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecosystem restoration">Ecosystem restoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Island_restoration" title="Island restoration">Island restoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reforestation" title="Reforestation">Reforestation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afforestation" title="Afforestation">afforestation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rewilding" title="Rewilding">Rewilding</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sea_rewilding" title="Sea rewilding">marine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Species_reintroduction" title="Species reintroduction">Species reintroduction</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By taxon</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Insect_hotel" title="Insect hotel">Arthropod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird_conservation" title="Bird conservation">Bird</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_honeycreeper_conservation" title="Hawaiian honeycreeper conservation">Hawaiian honeycreeper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raptor_conservation" title="Raptor conservation">Raptor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Status_and_conservation_of_the_golden_eagle" title="Status and conservation of the golden eagle">Golden eagle</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_of_fungi" title="Conservation of fungi">Fungi</a></li> <li>Land mammal <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_of_American_bison" title="Conservation of American bison">American bison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_oryx_reintroduction" title="Arabian oryx reintroduction">Arabian oryx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bear_conservation" title="Bear conservation">Bear</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polar_bear_conservation" title="Polar bear conservation">Polar bear</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheetah_reintroduction_in_India" title="Cheetah reintroduction in India">Cheetah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_of_elephants" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservation of elephants">Elephant</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Project_Elephant" title="Project Elephant">Indian elephant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_of_slow_lorises" title="Conservation of slow lorises">Slow loris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiger_conservation" title="Tiger conservation">Tiger</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Project_Tiger" title="Project Tiger">Bengal Tiger</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolf_reintroduction" title="Wolf reintroduction">Wolf</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_conservation" title="Marine conservation">Marine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Project_Dolphin_(India)" title="Project Dolphin (India)">Dolphin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grey_nurse_shark_conservation" title="Grey nurse shark conservation">Gray nurse shark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manatee_conservation" title="Manatee conservation">Manatee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_of_painted_turtles" title="Conservation of painted turtles">Painted turtle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmon_conservation" title="Salmon conservation">Salmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_otter_conservation" title="Sea otter conservation">Sea otter</a></li></ul></li> <li>Plant <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seed_bank" title="Seed bank">Seed bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_cryopreservation" title="Plant cryopreservation">Cryopreservation</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_in_Angola" title="Conservation in Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_in_Australia" title="Conservation in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_in_Belize" title="Conservation in Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_in_Brazil" title="Conservation in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservation in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_in_the_Central_African_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservation in the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_in_Costa_Rica" title="Conservation in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_in_Hong_Kong" title="Conservation in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_in_Iceland" title="Conservation in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_in_India" title="Conservation in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_in_Indonesia" title="Conservation in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Conservation in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_in_Italy" title="Conservation in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_in_Malaysia" title="Conservation in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_in_Mauritius" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservation in Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communal_Wildlife_Conservancies_in_Namibia" class="mw-redirect" title="Communal Wildlife Conservancies in Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_in_New_Zealand" title="Conservation in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_in_Pakistan" title="Conservation in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_in_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Conservation in Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_in_South_Sudan" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservation in South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_in_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservation in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_in_Uganda" title="Conservation in Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Conservation in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_in_Scotland" title="Conservation in Scotland">Scotland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_in_the_United_States" title="Conservation in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Forest_conservation_in_the_United_States" title="Forest conservation in the United States">forests</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_officer" title="Conservation officer">Conservation officer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De-extinction" title="De-extinction">De-extinction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_boundaries" title="Planetary boundaries">Planetary boundaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN Red List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NatureServe_conservation_status" title="NatureServe conservation status">NatureServe conservation status</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Area_of_Conservation" title="Special Area of Conservation">Special Area of Conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soil_conservation" title="Soil conservation">Soil conservation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_conservation_issues" class="mw-redirect" title="List of conservation issues">List of conservation issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_nature_conservation_organizations" title="List of nature conservation organizations">List of organisations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_conservationists" title="List of conservationists">List of people</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Conservation_biology" title="Category:Conservation biology">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7990118#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7990118#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7990118#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1174133/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Wetland conservation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85146325">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Conservation des zones humides"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12000798x">France</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Conservation des zones humides"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12000798x">BnF data</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="ochrana mokřadů"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph153489&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007556036005171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 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