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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geographic distribution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geographic_distribution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phonology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phonology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Phonology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Phonology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Phonology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Phonology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Vowels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vowels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Vowels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vowels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Consonants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consonants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Consonants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Consonants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grammar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grammar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Grammar</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Grammar-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Grammar subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Grammar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sentence_structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sentence_structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Sentence structure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sentence_structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pronouns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pronouns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Pronouns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pronouns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Personal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.1</span> <span>Personal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Noun_affixes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Noun_affixes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Noun affixes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Noun_affixes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Writing_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Writing_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Writing system</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Writing_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Loanwords" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Loanwords"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Loanwords</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Loanwords-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Examples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Examples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Examples</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Examples-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Examples subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Examples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Words" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Words"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Words</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Words-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Numbers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Numbers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Numbers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Numbers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dictionaries_and_further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dictionaries_and_further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Dictionaries and further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dictionaries_and_further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pangasinan language</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 47 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-47" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">47 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangasinan" title="Pangasinan – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Pangasinan" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8D%93%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%8B%E1%88%B2%E1%8A%93%E1%8A%95%E1%8A%9B" title="ፓንጋሲናንኛ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ፓንጋሲናንኛ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_pangasinense" title="Idioma pangasinense – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma pangasinense" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="پانقاسینانی دیلی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پانقاسینانی دیلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tataramon_na_Pangasinense" title="Tataramon na Pangasinense – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tataramon na Pangasinense" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangasinan" title="Pangasinan – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pangasinan" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangasinensische_Sprache" title="Pangasinensische Sprache – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Pangasinensische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_pangasinense" title="Idioma pangasinense – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma pangasinense" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangasina_lingvo" title="Pangasina lingvo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Pangasina lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="زبان پانگاسینانی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان پانگاسینانی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangasinan_bhasa" title="Pangasinan bhasa – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Pangasinan bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangasinan_(langue)" title="Pangasinan (langue) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pangasinan (langue)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_pangasinesa" title="Lingua pangasinesa – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua pangasinesa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangasinan-ng%C3%AE" title="Pangasinan-ngî – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Pangasinan-ngî" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8C%A1%EA%B0%80%EC%8B%9C%EB%82%9C%EC%96%B4" title="팡가시난어 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="팡가시난어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsasao_a_Pangasinan" title="Pagsasao a Pangasinan – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pagsasao a Pangasinan" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Pangasinan" title="Bahasa Pangasinan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Pangasinan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_pangasinan" title="Lingua pangasinan – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua pangasinan" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%A1nung_Panggasinensi" title="Amánung Panggasinensi – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Amánung Panggasinensi" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kipangasinan" title="Kipangasinan – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kipangasinan" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="പംഗസിനാൻ ഭാഷ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പംഗസിനാൻ ഭാഷ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="بانجاسينان – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بانجاسينان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Pangasinan" title="Bahasa Pangasinan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Pangasinan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangasinan-ng%E1%B9%B3%CC%84" title="Pangasinan-ngṳ̄ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Pangasinan-ngṳ̄" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangasinan_(taal)" title="Pangasinan (taal) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Pangasinan (taal)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%91%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AC%E3%82%B7%E3%83%8A%E3%83%B3%E8%AA%9E" title="パンガシナン語 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="パンガシナン語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangasinan_(lenga)" title="Pangasinan (lenga) – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Pangasinan (lenga)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salitan_Pangasinan" title="Salitan Pangasinan – Pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Salitan Pangasinan" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C" title="پانگاسینان بولی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پانگاسینان بولی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_pangasinan" title="Lenga pangasinan – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga pangasinan" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_pangasinan" title="Język pangasinan – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język pangasinan" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_pangasinesa" title="Língua pangasinesa – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua pangasinesa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Пангасинанский язык – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пангасинанский язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9D%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱯᱟᱝᱜᱟᱥᱤᱱᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱯᱟᱝᱜᱟᱥᱤᱱᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangasinan_language" title="Pangasinan language – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Pangasinan language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangasinanin_kieli" title="Pangasinanin kieli – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pangasinanin kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangasinan" title="Pangasinan – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Pangasinan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Pangasinan" title="Wikang Pangasinan – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikang Pangasinan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%A9_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="பங்கசீன மொழி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பங்கசீன மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Пангасинан теле – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Пангасинан теле" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="ภาษาปังกาซีนัน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาปังกาซีนัน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D2%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Панґасінанська мова – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Панґасінанська мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81%C3%A9ngua_pangasineze" title="Łéngua pangasineze – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Łéngua pangasineze" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Pangasinan" title="Tiếng Pangasinan – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Pangasinan" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangasinense_nga_yinaknan" title="Pangasinense nga yinaknan – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Pangasinense nga yinaknan" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8F%AD%E8%A9%A9%E8%98%AD%E6%96%87" title="班詩蘭文 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="班詩蘭文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Pangasinan+language%22">"Pangasinan language"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Pangasinan+language%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Pangasinan+language%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Pangasinan+language%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Pangasinan+language%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Pangasinan+language%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2011</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="font-size:125%; color: black; background-color: pink;">Pangasinan</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: pink;">Pangasinense</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: pink;"><i>Salitan Pangasinan</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Pronunciation</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[paŋɡasiˈnan]</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-BentonGrammar_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BentonGrammar-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 36">: 36 </span></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Native to</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Region</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Ilocos_Region" title="Ilocos Region">Ilocos Region</a> (entirety of <a href="/wiki/Pangasinan" title="Pangasinan">Pangasinan</a>, southwestern <a href="/wiki/La_Union" title="La Union">La Union</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Central_Luzon" title="Central Luzon">Central Luzon</a> (northern <a href="/wiki/Tarlac" title="Tarlac">Tarlac</a>, northwestern <a href="/wiki/Nueva_Ecija" title="Nueva Ecija">Nueva Ecija</a>, northern <a href="/wiki/Zambales" title="Zambales">Zambales</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Cordillera_Administrative_Region" title="Cordillera Administrative Region">Cordilleras</a> (southwestern <a href="/wiki/Benguet" title="Benguet">Benguet</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Cagayan_Valley" title="Cagayan Valley">Cagayan Valley</a> (southwestern <a href="/wiki/Nueva_Vizcaya" title="Nueva Vizcaya">Nueva Vizcaya</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Ethnicity</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Pangasinan_people" title="Pangasinan people">Pangasinan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Native speakers</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">1.8 million (2010)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The date of the event predicted near this tag has passed. (July 2023)">needs update</span></a></i>]</sup><br />8th most spoken native language in the Philippines<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">Language family</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_languages" title="Austronesian languages">Austronesian</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/wiki/Malayo-Polynesian_languages" title="Malayo-Polynesian languages">Malayo-Polynesian</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_languages" title="Philippine languages">Philippine</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Philippine_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Philippine languages">Northern Philippine</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Luzon_languages" title="Northern Luzon languages">Northern Luzon</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Meso-Cordilleran_languages" title="Meso-Cordilleran languages">Meso-Cordilleran</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Cordilleran_languages" title="Southern Cordilleran languages">Southern Cordilleran</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li>West Southern Cordilleran<ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>Pangasinan</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system">Writing system</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Abakada" class="mw-redirect" title="Abakada">Pangasinan alphabet</a>)<br />Historically written in: <i><a href="/wiki/Baybayin" title="Baybayin">Kurítan</a></i></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: pink;">Official status</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Official language in</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Pangasinan" title="Pangasinan">Pangasinan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Recognised minority<br />language in</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="vertical-align:middle;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Regional_language" title="Regional language">Regional language</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_language_regulators" title="List of language regulators">Regulated by</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Komisyon_sa_Wikang_Filipino" class="mw-redirect" title="Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino">Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: pink;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" title="ISO 639-2">ISO 639-2</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?code_ID=349">pag</a></span></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/pag" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:pag">pag</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></i></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/pang1290">pang1290</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Linguasphere_Observatory" title="Linguasphere Observatory">Linguasphere</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://linguasphere.info/?page=linguascale&linguacode=31-CGA-f">31-CGA-f</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Pangasinan_language_maximum_extent.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Pangasinan_language_maximum_extent.png/220px-Pangasinan_language_maximum_extent.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="343" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Pangasinan_language_maximum_extent.png/330px-Pangasinan_language_maximum_extent.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Pangasinan_language_maximum_extent.png/440px-Pangasinan_language_maximum_extent.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3120" /></a></span><div style="text-align:left;">Areas where Pangasinan is spoken in the Philippines.</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint selfref" style="background-color:#E7E7FF;color:inherit;padding:0.3em 0.5em;text-align:left;line-height:1.3;"><b>This article contains <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> phonetic symbols.</b> Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA#Rendering_issues" title="Help:IPA">rendering support</a>, you may see <a href="/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)#Replacement_character" title="Specials (Unicode block)">question marks, boxes, or other symbols</a> instead of <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style> <p><b>Pangasinan</b> (<i>Pangasinense</i>) is an <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Austronesian language">Austronesian language</a>, and one of the eight major <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Philippines" title="Languages of the Philippines">languages of the Philippines</a>. It is the primary and predominant language of the entire province of <a href="/wiki/Pangasinan" title="Pangasinan">Pangasinan</a> and northern <a href="/wiki/Tarlac" title="Tarlac">Tarlac</a>, on the northern part of <a href="/wiki/Luzon" title="Luzon">Luzon</a>'s central plains geographic region, most of whom belong to the <a href="/wiki/Pangasinan_people" title="Pangasinan people">Pangasinan</a> ethnic group. Pangasinan is also spoken in southwestern <a href="/wiki/La_Union" title="La Union">La Union</a>, as well as in the municipalities of <a href="/wiki/Benguet" title="Benguet">Benguet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nueva_Vizcaya" title="Nueva Vizcaya">Nueva Vizcaya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nueva_Ecija" title="Nueva Ecija">Nueva Ecija</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Zambales" title="Zambales">Zambales</a> that border Pangasinan. A few <a href="/wiki/Aeta" class="mw-redirect" title="Aeta">Aeta</a> groups and most <a href="/wiki/Sambal_people" title="Sambal people">Sambal</a> in Central Luzon's northern part also understand and even speak Pangasinan as well.<sup id="cite_ref-gruyter_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gruyter-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classification">Classification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pangasinan_language&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Classification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Pangasinan language belongs to the <a href="/wiki/Malayo-Polynesian_languages" title="Malayo-Polynesian languages">Malayo-Polynesian languages</a> branch of the <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_languages" title="Austronesian languages">Austronesian languages</a> family.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pangasinan is similar to other closely related <a href="/wiki/Philippine_languages" title="Philippine languages">Philippine languages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a> in <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> (as <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian language">Malaysian</a>), <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> (as <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a>), <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_language" title="Hawaiian language">Hawaiian</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malagasy_language" title="Malagasy language">Malagasy</a> in <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Pangasinan language is very closely related to the <a href="/wiki/Ibaloi_language" title="Ibaloi language">Ibaloi language</a> spoken in the neighboring province of <a href="/wiki/Benguet" title="Benguet">Benguet</a>, located north of Pangasinan. Pangasinan is classified under the Pangasinic group of languages.<sup id="cite_ref-Himes_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Himes-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The other Pangasinic languages are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibaloi_language" title="Ibaloi language">Ibaloi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karao_language" title="Karao language">Karao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iwaak_language" title="Iwaak language">Iwaak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalanguya_language" title="Kalanguya language">Kalanguya/Kallahan</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geographic_distribution">Geographic distribution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pangasinan_language&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geographic distribution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pangasinan is the official language of the province of Pangasinan, located on the west central area of the island of <a href="/wiki/Luzon" title="Luzon">Luzon</a> along <a href="/wiki/Lingayen_Gulf" title="Lingayen Gulf">Lingayen Gulf</a>. The people of Pangasinan are also referred to as Pangasinense. The province has a total population of 2,343,086 (2000), of which 2 million speak Pangasinan. As of 2020, Pangasinan is ranked tenth on the leading languages generally spoken at home in the Philippines with only 334,759 households still speaking the language.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pangasinan is spoken in other Pangasinan communities in the Philippines, mostly in the neighboring provinces of <a href="/wiki/Benguet" title="Benguet">Benguet</a>, <a href="/wiki/La_Union" title="La Union">La Union</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nueva_Ecija" title="Nueva Ecija">Nueva Ecija</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tarlac" title="Tarlac">Tarlac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zambales" title="Zambales">Zambales</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nueva_Vizcaya" title="Nueva Vizcaya">Nueva Vizcaya</a>, and has varying speakers in <a href="/wiki/Metro_Manila" title="Metro Manila">Metro Manila</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cagayan" title="Cagayan">Cagayan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isabela_(province)" title="Isabela (province)">Isabela</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulacan" title="Bulacan">Bulacan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bataan" title="Bataan">Bataan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aurora_(province)" title="Aurora (province)">Aurora</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quezon" title="Quezon">Quezon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cavite" title="Cavite">Cavite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laguna_(province)" title="Laguna (province)">Laguna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mindoro" title="Mindoro">Mindoro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palawan" title="Palawan">Palawan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao">Mindanao</a> especially in <a href="/wiki/Soccsksargen" title="Soccsksargen">Soccsksargen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Davao_Region" title="Davao Region">Davao Region</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caraga" title="Caraga">Caraga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bukidnon" title="Bukidnon">Bukidnon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Misamis_Oriental" title="Misamis Oriental">Misamis Oriental</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pangasinan_language&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesian speakers</a> settled in <a href="/wiki/Maritime_Southeast_Asia" title="Maritime Southeast Asia">Maritime Southeast Asia</a> during <a href="/wiki/Prehistoric" class="mw-redirect" title="Prehistoric">prehistoric</a> times, perhaps more than 5,000 years ago. The indigenous speakers of Pangasinan are descendants of these settlers, who were probably part of a wave of prehistoric <a href="/wiki/Human_migration" title="Human migration">human migration</a> that is widely believed to have originated from <a href="/wiki/Southern_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern China">Southern China</a> via <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> between 10 and 6 thousand years ago. </p><p>The word <i>Pangasinan</i> means 'land of salt' or 'place of salt-making'; it is derived from the root word <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">asin</i></span><i>,</i> the word for 'salt' in Pangasinan. <i>Pangasinan</i> could also refer to a 'container of salt or salted products'; it refers to the ceramic jar for storage of salt or salted-products or its contents. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pangasinan_language&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Written Pangasinan and oral literature in the language flourished during the Spanish and American period. Writers like Juan Saingan, Felipe Quintos, Narciso Corpus, Antonio Solis, Juan Villamil, Juan Mejía and María C. Magsano wrote and published in Pangasinan. Felipe Quintos, a Pangasinan officer of the Katipunan, wrote <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">Sipi Awaray: Gelew Diad Pilipinas</i></span> <i>(<span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Revolución Filipina</i></span>)</i>, a history of the Katipunan revolutionary struggle in Pangasinan and surrounding provinces. Narciso Corpus and Antonio Solis co-wrote <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">Impanbilay na Manoc a Tortola</i></span>, a short love story. (Lingayen, Pangasinan: Gumawid Press, 1926) </p><p>Juan Villamil translated <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Rizal" title="José Rizal">José Rizal</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Mi_%C3%BAltimo_adi%C3%B3s" title="Mi último adiós">Mi último adiós</a>" in Pangasinan. Pablo Mejia edited <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">Tunong</i></span>, a news magazine, in the 1920s. He also wrote <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">Bilay tan Kalkalar nen Rizal</i></span>, a biography of Rizal. Magsano published <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">Silew</i></span>, a literary magazine. Magsano also wrote <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">Samban Agnabenegan</i></span>, a romance novel. <i>Pangasinan Courier</i> published articles and literary works in Pangasinan. <i>Pioneer Herald</i> published <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">Sinag</i></span>, a literary supplement in Pangasinan. Many Christian publications in Pangasinan are widely available. </p><p>Many Pangasinan are multilingual and proficient in <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/Filipino_language" title="Filipino language">Filipino</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ilocano_language" title="Ilocano language">Ilocano</a>. However, the spread and influence of the other languages is contributing to the decline of the Pangasinan language. Many Pangasinan people, especially the native speakers are promoting the use of Pangasinan in the print and broadcast media, Internet, local governments, courts, public facilities and schools in Pangasinan. In April 2006, the creation of <a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arapan_ya_Bolong" class="extiw" title="pag:Arapan ya Bolong">Pangasinan Wikipedia</a> was proposed, which the Wikimedia Foundation approved for publication on the Internet. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Phonology">Phonology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pangasinan_language&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Phonology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vowels">Vowels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pangasinan_language&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Vowels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pangasinan has the following vowel phonemes:<sup id="cite_ref-Himes_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Himes-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BentonGrammar_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BentonGrammar-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Front_vowel" title="Front vowel">Front</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Central_vowel" title="Central vowel">Central</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Back_vowel" title="Back vowel">Back</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Close_vowel" title="Close vowel">Close</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_central_unrounded_vowel" title="Close central unrounded vowel">ɨ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">u</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_vowel" title="Open-mid vowel">Open-Mid</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid front unrounded vowel">(ɛ)</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Open-mid back rounded vowel">(ɔ)</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Open_vowel" title="Open vowel">Open</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_central_unrounded_vowel" title="Open central unrounded vowel">a</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In native vocabulary, /i/ and /u/ are realized as [i ~ ɪ ~ ɛ] and [u ~ ʊ ~ ɔ]. The close variants [i]/[u] are only used in stressed open syllables, while the open-mid variants [ɛ]/[ɔ] occur in open and closed final syllables before a pause. The default variants [ɪ]/[ʊ] occur in all other environments.<sup id="cite_ref-Himes_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Himes-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some speakers have /ɛ/ and /ɔ/ as distinct phonemes, but only in loanwords.<sup id="cite_ref-Himes_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Himes-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consonants">Consonants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pangasinan_language&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Consonants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2"> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Bilabial_consonant" title="Bilabial consonant">Bilabial</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Dental_consonant" title="Dental consonant">Dental</a> /<br /><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_consonant" title="Alveolar consonant">Alveolar</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Palatal_consonant" title="Palatal consonant">Palatal</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Velar_consonant" title="Velar consonant">Velar</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Glottal_consonant" title="Glottal consonant">Glottal</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Nasal_stop" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasal stop">Nasal</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_nasal" title="Voiced bilabial nasal">m</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar nasal">n</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_nasal" title="Voiced velar nasal">ŋ</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Plosive" title="Plosive">Plosive</a> </th> <th><small>voiceless</small> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiceless bilabial plosive">p</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar plosive">t</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless postalveolar affricate">tʃ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop">ʔ</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><small>voiced</small> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiced bilabial plosive">b</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar plosive">d</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiced postalveolar affricate">dʒ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">ɡ</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Fricative" title="Fricative">Fricative</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless postalveolar fricative">ʃ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_fricative" title="Voiceless glottal fricative">h</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Flap_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Flap consonant">Flap</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_and_alveolar_taps_and_flaps" title="Voiced dental and alveolar taps and flaps">ɾ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Approximant" title="Approximant">Approximant</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral approximant">l</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Pangasinan is one of the Philippine languages that do not exhibit [<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɾ</span>]-[d] allophony, they only contrast before consonants and word-final positions; otherwise, they become allophones where [d] is only located in word-initial positions and after consonants & [<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɾ</span>] is only pronounced between vowels. Before consonants and word-final positions, [<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɾ</span>] is in <a href="/wiki/Free_variation" title="Free variation">free variation</a> with <a href="/wiki/Alveolar_trill" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolar trill">trill</a> [r]. In Spanish loanwords, [d] and [<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɾ</span>] contrast in all word positions. </p><p>All consonantal phonemes except <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/h,<span class="wrap"> </span>ʔ/</span> may be a syllable <a href="/wiki/Syllable_onset" class="mw-redirect" title="Syllable onset">onset</a> or <a href="/wiki/Syllable_coda" class="mw-redirect" title="Syllable coda">coda</a>. The phoneme <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/h/</span> rarely occurs in coda position. Although the Spanish word <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">reloj</i></span> 'clock' would have been heard as <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[re.loh]</span>, the final <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/h/</span> is dropped resulting in <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/re.lo/</span>. However, this word also may have entered the Pangasinan lexicon at early enough a time that the word was still pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/re.loʒ/</span>, with the <i>j</i> pronounced as in <a href="/wiki/French_phonology" title="French phonology">French</a>, resulting in <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/re.los/</span> in Pangasinan. As a result, both <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/re.lo/</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/re.los/</span> occur. </p><p>The glottal stop <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʔ/</span> is not permissible as coda; it can only occur as onset. Even as an onset, the glottal stop disappears in affixation. Glottal stop <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʔ/</span> <i>sometimes</i> occurs in coda in words ending in vowels, only before a pause. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grammar">Grammar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pangasinan_language&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Grammar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pangasinan_language&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2018</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sentence_structure">Sentence structure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pangasinan_language&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Sentence structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Like other <a href="/wiki/Malayo-Polynesian_languages" title="Malayo-Polynesian languages">Malayo-Polynesian languages</a>, Pangasinan has a <a href="/wiki/Verb%E2%80%93subject%E2%80%93object" class="mw-redirect" title="Verb–subject–object">verb–subject–object</a> word order. Pangasinan is an <a href="/wiki/Agglutinative" class="mw-redirect" title="Agglutinative">agglutinative</a> language. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pronouns">Pronouns</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pangasinan_language&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Pronouns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Personal">Personal</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pangasinan_language&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Personal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </th> <th colspan="2">Absolutive </th> <th rowspan="2">Ergative </th> <th rowspan="2">Oblique </th></tr> <tr> <th>Independent </th> <th>Enclitic </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="4">1st person </th> <th colspan="2">singular </th> <td><span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">siák</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">ak</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">-k(o)</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">ed siak</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">dual </th> <td><span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">sikatá</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">ita, ta</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">-ta</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">ed sikata</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">plural </th> <th>inclusive </th> <td><span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">sikatayó</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">itayo, tayo</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">-tayo</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">ed sikatayo</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>exclusive </th> <td><span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">sikamí</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">kamí</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">mi</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">ed sikami</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">2nd person </th> <th colspan="2">singular </th> <td><span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">siká</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">ka</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">-m(o)</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">ed sika</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">plural </th> <td><span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">sikayó</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">kayó</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">yo</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">ed sikayo</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">3rd person </th> <th colspan="2">singular </th> <td><span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">sikató</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">-, -a</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">to</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">ed sikato</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">plural </th> <td><span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">sikara</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">ira, ra</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">da</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">ed sikara</i></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Noun_affixes">Noun affixes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pangasinan_language&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Noun affixes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Benton (1971)<sup id="cite_ref-benton1971_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-benton1971-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> lists a number of affixes for nouns. Benton describes affixes in Pangasinan as either "nominal" (affixes attached directly to nouns) and "<a href="/wiki/Nominalization" title="Nominalization">nominalizing</a>" (affixes which turn other parts of speech into nouns). Benton also describes "non-productive affixes", affixes which are not normally applied to nouns, and only found as part of other pre-existing words. Many of these non-productive affixes are found within words derived from <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Writing_system">Writing system</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pangasinan_language&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Writing system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Modern Pangasinan consists of 27 letters, which include the 26 letters of the <a href="/wiki/ISO_basic_Latin_alphabet" title="ISO basic Latin alphabet">basic Latin alphabet</a> and the Pangasinan digraph <i>ng</i>: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="border-collapse:collapse;"> <tbody><tr> <td bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="27"><b><a href="/wiki/Capital_letters" class="mw-redirect" title="Capital letters">Majuscule Forms</a></b> (also called <b>uppercase</b> or <b>capital letters</b>) </td></tr> <tr> <td width="3%" align="center"><a href="/wiki/A" title="A">A</a></td> <td width="3%" align="center"><a href="/wiki/B" title="B">B</a></td> <td width="3%" align="center"><a href="/wiki/C" title="C">C</a></td> <td width="3%" align="center"><a href="/wiki/D" title="D">D</a></td> <td width="3%" align="center"><a href="/wiki/E" title="E">E</a></td> <td width="3%" align="center"><a href="/wiki/F" title="F">F</a></td> <td width="3%" align="center"><a href="/wiki/G" title="G">G</a></td> <td width="3%" align="center"><a href="/wiki/H" title="H">H</a></td> <td width="3%" align="center"><a href="/wiki/I" title="I">I</a></td> <td width="3%" align="center"><a href="/wiki/J" title="J">J</a></td> <td width="3%" align="center"><a href="/wiki/K" title="K">K</a></td> <td width="3%" align="center"><a href="/wiki/L" title="L">L</a></td> <td width="3%" align="center"><a href="/wiki/M" title="M">M</a></td> <td width="3%" align="center"><a href="/wiki/N" title="N">N</a></td> <td width="3%" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Ng_(digraph)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ng (digraph)">NG</a></td> <td width="3%" align="center"><a href="/wiki/O" title="O">O</a></td> <td width="3%" align="center"><a href="/wiki/P" title="P">P</a></td> <td width="3%" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Q" title="Q">Q</a></td> <td width="3%" align="center"><a href="/wiki/R" title="R">R</a></td> <td width="3%" align="center"><a href="/wiki/S" title="S">S</a></td> <td width="3%" align="center"><a href="/wiki/T" title="T">T</a></td> <td width="3%" align="center"><a href="/wiki/U" title="U">U</a></td> <td width="3%" align="center"><a href="/wiki/V" title="V">V</a></td> <td width="3%" align="center"><a href="/wiki/W" title="W">W</a></td> <td width="3%" align="center"><a href="/wiki/X" title="X">X</a></td> <td width="3%" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Y" title="Y">Y</a></td> <td width="3%" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Z" title="Z">Z</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" colspan="27"><b><a href="/wiki/Lower_case" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower case">Minuscule Forms</a></b> (also called <b>lowercase</b> or <b>small letters</b>) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">a</td> <td align="center">b</td> <td align="center">c</td> <td align="center">d</td> <td align="center">e</td> <td align="center">f</td> <td align="center">g</td> <td align="center">h</td> <td align="center">i</td> <td align="center">j</td> <td align="center">k</td> <td align="center">l</td> <td align="center">m</td> <td align="center">n</td> <td align="center">ng</td> <td align="center">o</td> <td align="center">p</td> <td align="center">q</td> <td align="center">r</td> <td align="center">s</td> <td align="center">t</td> <td align="center">u</td> <td align="center">v</td> <td align="center">w</td> <td align="center">x</td> <td align="center">y</td> <td align="center">z </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The ancient people of Pangasinan used an indigenous writing system called Kuritan. The ancient Pangasinan script, which is related to the <a href="/wiki/Tagalog_language" title="Tagalog language">Tagalog</a> <a href="/wiki/Baybayin" title="Baybayin">Baybayin</a> script, was derived from the <a href="/wiki/Javanese_language" title="Javanese language">Javanese</a> <a href="/wiki/Kawi_script" title="Kawi script">Kawi script</a> of <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Vatteluttu" title="Vatteluttu">Vatteluttu</a> or <a href="/wiki/Pallava" class="mw-redirect" title="Pallava">Pallava</a> script of <a href="/wiki/South_India" title="South India">South India</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin script</a> was introduced during the <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spanish</a> <a href="/wiki/Colonialism" title="Colonialism">colonial</a> period. Pangasinan <a href="/wiki/Literature" title="Literature">literature</a>, using the indigenous syllabary and the Latin alphabet, continued to flourish during the Spanish and <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">American</a> colonial period. Pangasinan acquired many <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> and <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> words, and some indigenous words were Hispanicized or Anglicized. However, use of the ancient syllabary has declined, and not much literature written in it has survived. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Loanwords">Loanwords</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pangasinan_language&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Loanwords"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most of the loan words in Pangasinan are <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>, as the Philippines was ruled by Spain for more than 300 years. Examples are <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">lugar</i></span> ('place'), <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">podir</i></span> (from <i>poder</i>, 'power, care'), <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">kontra</i></span> (from <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">contra</i></span>, 'against'), <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">birdi</i></span> (<span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">verde</i></span>, 'green'), <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">ispiritu</i></span> (<span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">espíritu</i></span>, 'spirit'), and <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">santo</i></span> ('holy, saint'). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pangasinan_language&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Malinac ya Labi</b> (original by Julian Velasco). </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><div class="poem"> <p><span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">Malinac ya Labi<br /> Oras ya mareen<br /> Mapalpalnay dagem<br /> Katekep to’y linaew<br /> Samit day kogip ko<br /> Binangonan kon tampol<br /> Ta pilit na pusok ya sika'y amamayoen</i></span><br /> <br /> <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">Lalo la no bilay<br /> No sikalay nanengneng<br /> Napunas ya ami'y<br /> Ermen ya akbibiten<br /> No nodnonoten ko ra'y samit na ogalim<br /> Agtaka nalingwanan<br /> Anggad kaayos na bilay</i></span> </p> </div></blockquote> <p><b>Modern Pangasinan with English translation</b> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1157697682">.mw-parser-output .verse_translation .translated{padding-left:2em!important}@media only screen and (max-width:43.75em){.mw-parser-output .verse_translation.wrap_when_small td{display:block;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .verse_translation.wrap_when_small .translated{padding-left:0.5em!important}}</style> <table role="presentation" class="verse_translation" style="margin-left:1em !important"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><div style="font-style:italic;text-align:left" lang="pag" class="poem"> <p>Malinak lay Labi<br /> Oras la’y mareen<br /> Mapalpalna’y dagem<br /> Katekep to’y linaew<br /> Samit da’y kugip ko<br /> Binangonan kon tampol<br /> Lapu’d say limgas mo<br /> Sikan sika’y amamayoen<br /> Lalo la bilay<br /> No sika la’y nanengne'ng<br /> Napunas lan amin<br /> So ermen ya akbibiten<br /> No nanonotan<br /> Ko la'y samit day ugalim<br /> Ag ta ka nalingwanan<br /> Angga’d kauyos na bilay </p> </div> </td> <td class="translated"><div style="font-style:roman;text-align:left" lang="" class="poem"> <p>A night of calm<br /> An hour of peace<br /> A gentle breeze<br /> Along with it is the dew<br /> So sweet is my dream<br /> Suddenly I awake<br /> Because of your beauty<br /> You are the only one I will love<br /> Best of all, my life<br /> When it's you that I see<br /> All are wiped away<br /> The sorrows that I bear<br /> When I remember<br /> Of your sweet kindness<br /> I will not forget you<br /> Until life is gone </p> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Words">Words</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pangasinan_language&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Words"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <ol><li>I – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">siak</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">ak</i></span></li> <li>you (singular) – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">sika</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">ka</i></span></li> <li>he – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">sikato</i></span> (he/she), <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">kato</i></span></li> <li>we – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">sikami</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">kami</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">mi</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">sikatayo</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">tayo</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">sikata</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">ta</i></span></li> <li>you (plural) – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">sikayo</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">kayo</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">yo</i></span></li> <li>they – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">sikara</i></span> (<span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">sika ira</i></span>)</li> <li>this – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">aya</i></span></li> <li>that – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">atan</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">aman</i></span></li> <li>here – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">dia</i></span></li> <li>there – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">diman</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">ditan</i></span></li> <li>who – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">siopa</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">sio</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">si</i></span></li> <li>what – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">anto</i></span></li> <li>where – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">iner</i></span></li> <li>when – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">kapigan</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">pigan</i></span></li> <li>how – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">pano</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">panonto</i></span></li> <li>not – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">ag</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">andi</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">aleg</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">aliwa</i></span></li> <li>all – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">amin</i></span></li> <li>many – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">amayamay</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">dakel</i></span></li> <li>some – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">pigara</i></span> (<span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">piga ira</i></span>)</li> <li>few – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">daiset</i></span></li> <li>other – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">arom</i></span></li> <li>one – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">isa</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">sakey</i></span></li> <li>two – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">dua</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">duara</i></span> (<span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">dua ira</i></span>)</li> <li>three – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">talo</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">talora</i></span> (<span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">talo ira</i></span>)</li> <li>four – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">apat</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">apatira</i></span> (<span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">apat ira</i></span>)</li> <li>five – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">lima</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">limara</i></span> (<span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">lima ira</i></span>)</li> <li>big – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">baleg</i></span></li> <li>long – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">andokey</i></span></li> <li>wide – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">maawang</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">malapar</i></span></li> <li>thick – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">makapal</i></span></li> <li>heavy – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">ambelat</i></span></li> <li>small – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">melag</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">melanting</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">tingot</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">daiset</i></span></li> <li>short – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">melag</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">melanting</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">tingot</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">antikey</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">kulang</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">abeba</i></span></li> <li>narrow – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">mainget</i></span></li> <li>thin – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">mabeng</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">maimpis</i></span></li> <li>woman – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">bii</i></span></li> <li>man – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">laki</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">bolog</i></span></li> <li>human – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">too</i></span></li> <li>child – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">ogaw</i></span></li> <li>wife – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">asawa</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">kaamong</i></span> (spouse)</li> <li>husband – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">asawa</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">kaamong</i></span> (spouse)</li> <li>mother – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">ina</i></span></li> <li>father – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">ama</i></span></li> <li>animal – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">ayep</i></span></li> <li>fish – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">sira</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">ikan</i></span></li> <li>bird – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">manok</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">siwsiw</i></span> (chick)</li> <li>dog – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">aso</i></span></li> <li>louse – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">koto</i></span></li> <li>snake – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">oleg</i></span></li> <li>worm – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">bigis</i></span> (germ), <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">alumbayar</i></span> (earthworm)</li> <li>tree – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">kiew</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">tanem</i></span> (plant)</li> <li>forest – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">kakiewan</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">katakelan</i></span></li> <li>stick – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">bislak</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">sanga</i></span></li> <li>fruit – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">bunga</i></span></li> <li>seed – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">bokel</i></span></li> <li>leaf – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">bolong</i></span></li> <li>root – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">lamot</i></span></li> <li>bark – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">obak</i></span></li> <li>flower – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">bulaklak</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">rosas</i></span></li> <li>grass – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">dika</i></span></li> <li>rope – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">singer</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">lubir</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">taker</i></span></li> <li>skin – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">baog</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">katat</i></span></li> <li>meat – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">laman</i></span></li> <li>blood – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">dala</i></span></li> <li>bone – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">pukel</i></span></li> <li>fat (n.) – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">mataba</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">taba</i></span></li> <li>egg – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">iknol</i></span></li> <li>horn – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">saklor</i></span></li> <li>tail – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">ikol</i></span></li> <li>place – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">kulaan</i></span></li> <li>go – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">laen</i></span></li> <li>nothing – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">anggapo</i></span></li></ol> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <ol><li>feather – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">bago</i></span></li> <li>hair – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">buek</i></span></li> <li>head – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">olo</i></span></li> <li>ear – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">layag</i></span></li> <li>eye – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">mata</i></span></li> <li>nose – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">eleng</i></span></li> <li>mouth – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">sangi</i></span></li> <li>tooth – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">ngipen</i></span></li> <li>tongue – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">dila</i></span></li> <li>fingernail – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">koko</i></span></li> <li>foot – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">sali</i></span></li> <li>leg – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">bikking</i></span></li> <li>knee – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">pueg</i></span></li> <li>hand – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">lima</i></span></li> <li>wing – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">payak</i></span></li> <li>belly – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">eges</i></span></li> <li>guts – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">pait</i></span></li> <li>neck – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">beklew</i></span></li> <li>back – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">beneg</i></span></li> <li>breast – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">pagew</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">suso</i></span></li> <li>heart – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">puso</i></span></li> <li>liver – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">altey</i></span></li> <li>drink – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">inom</i></span></li> <li>eat – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">mangan</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">akan</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">kamot</i></span></li> <li>bite – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">ketket</i></span></li> <li>suck – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">sepsep</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">suso</i></span></li> <li>spit – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">lutda</i></span></li> <li>vomit – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">uta</i></span></li> <li>blow – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">sibok</i></span></li> <li>breathe – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">engas</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">ingas</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">dongap</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">linawa</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">anges</i></span></li> <li>laugh – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">elek</i></span></li> <li>see – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">nengneng</i></span></li> <li>hear – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">dengel</i></span></li> <li>know – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">amta</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">kabat</i></span></li> <li>think – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">nonot</i></span></li> <li>smell – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">angob</i></span></li> <li>fear – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">takot</i></span></li> <li>sleep – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">ogip</i></span></li> <li>live – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">bilay</i></span></li> <li>die – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">onpatey</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">patey</i></span></li> <li>kill – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">manpatey</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">patey</i></span></li> <li>fight – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">laban</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">kolkol</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">bakal</i></span></li> <li>hunt – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">managnop</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">anop</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">manpana</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">manerel</i></span> (catch)</li> <li>hit – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">tira</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">nakna</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">pekpek</i></span></li> <li>cut – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">tegteg</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">sugat</i></span></li> <li>split – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">pisag</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">puter</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">paldua</i></span> (half)</li> <li>stab – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">saksak</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">doyok</i></span></li> <li>scratch – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">gugo</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">gorgor</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">korkor</i></span></li> <li>dig – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">kotkot</i></span></li> <li>swim – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">langoy</i></span></li> <li>fly (v.) – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">tikyab</i></span></li> <li>walk – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">akar</i></span></li> <li>come – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">gala</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">gali</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">onsabi</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">sabi</i></span></li> <li>lie – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">dokol</i></span> (lie down), <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">tila</i></span> (tell a lie)</li> <li>sit – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">yorong</i></span> (<span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">i-orong</i></span>)</li> <li>stand – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">alagey</i></span></li> <li>turn – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">liko</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">telek</i></span></li> <li>fall – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">pelag</i></span> (drop), <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">tumba</i></span></li> <li>give – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">iter</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">itdan</i></span> (<span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">iteran</i></span>)</li> <li>hold – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">benben</i></span></li> <li>squeeze – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">pespes</i></span></li> <li>rub – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">kuskos</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">gorgor</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">poyok</i></span></li> <li>wash – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">oras</i></span></li> <li>wipe – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">ponas</i></span></li> <li>pull – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">goyor</i></span></li> <li>push – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">tolak</i></span></li> <li>throw – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">topak</i></span></li> <li>tie – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">singer</i></span></li> <li>sew – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">dait</i></span></li></ol> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <ol><li>count – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">bilang</i></span></li> <li>say – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">ibaga</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">ibagam</i></span></li> <li>sing – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">togtog</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">kansiyon</i></span></li> <li>play – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">galaw</i></span></li> <li>float – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">letaw</i></span></li> <li>flow – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">agos</i></span></li> <li>freeze – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">kigtel</i></span></li> <li>swell – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">larag</i></span></li> <li>sun – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">agew</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">banua</i></span></li> <li>moon – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">bulan</i></span></li> <li>star – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">bitewen</i></span></li> <li>water – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">danum</i></span></li> <li>rain – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">uran</i></span></li> <li>river – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">ilog</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">kalayan</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">patalan</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">angalakan</i></span></li> <li>lake – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">look</i></span></li> <li>sea – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">dayat</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">laot</i></span></li> <li>salt – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">asin</i></span></li> <li>stone – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">bato</i></span></li> <li>sand – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">buer</i></span></li> <li>dust – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">dabok</i></span></li> <li>earth – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">dalin</i></span></li> <li>cloud – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">lorem</i></span></li> <li>fog – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">kelpa</i></span></li> <li>sky – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">tawen</i></span></li> <li>wind – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">dagem</i></span></li> <li>snow – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">linew</i></span></li> <li>ice – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">pakigtel</i></span></li> <li>smoke – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">asewek</i></span></li> <li>fire – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">apoy</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">pool</i></span> (blaze), <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">dalang</i></span> (flame)</li> <li>ashes – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">dapol</i></span></li> <li>burn – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">pool</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">sinit</i></span></li> <li>road – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">dalan</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">basbas</i></span> (path)</li> <li>mountain – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">palandey</i></span></li> <li>red – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">ambalanga</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">pula</i></span></li> <li>green – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">ampasiseng</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">pasiseng</i></span>, <i>birdi</i></li> <li>yellow – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">duyaw</i></span></li> <li>white – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">amputi</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">puti</i></span></li> <li>black – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">andeket</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">deket</i></span></li> <li>night – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">labi</i></span></li> <li>day – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">agew</i></span></li> <li>year – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">taon</i></span></li> <li>hot – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">ampetang</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">petang</i></span></li> <li>cold – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">ambetel</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">betel</i></span></li> <li>full – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">napsel</i></span> (<span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">napesel</i></span>), <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">napno</i></span> (<span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">napano</i></span>)</li> <li>new – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">balo</i></span></li> <li>old – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">daan</i></span></li> <li>good – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">duga</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">maong</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">abig</i></span></li> <li>bad – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">aliwa</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">maoges</i></span></li> <li>rotten – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">abolok</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">bolok</i></span></li> <li>dirty – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">maringot</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">dingot</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">marutak</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">dutak</i></span></li> <li>straight – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">maptek</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">petek</i></span></li> <li>round – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">malimpek</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">limpek</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">tibokel</i></span></li> <li>sharp – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">matdem</i></span> (<span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">matarem</i></span>), <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">tarem</i></span></li> <li>dull – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">mangmang</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">epel</i></span></li> <li>smooth – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">palanas</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">patad</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">patar</i></span></li> <li>wet – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">ambasa</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">basa</i></span></li> <li>dry – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">amaga</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">maga</i></span></li> <li>correct – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">duga</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">tua</i></span> (true)</li> <li>near – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">asinger</i></span></li> <li>far – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">arawi</i></span></li> <li>right – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">kawanan</i></span></li> <li>left – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">kawigi</i></span></li> <li>at – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">ed</i></span></li> <li>in – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">ed</i></span></li> <li>with – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">iba</i></span></li> <li>and – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">tan</i></span></li> <li>if – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">no</i></span></li> <li>because – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">ta</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">lapu ed</i></span></li> <li>name – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">ngaran</i></span></li> <li>smile – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">imis</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">ngiriyet</i></span></li> <li>lolo – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">laki</i></span></li> <li>lola – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">bai</i></span></li> <li>beautiful – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">magana</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">masanting</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">marakep</i></span></li> <li>true – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">tua</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">tod-tua</i></span></li> <li>wrong – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">aliwa</i></span></li> <li>odor – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">ambanget</i></span></li> <li>delicious – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">masamit</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">mananam</i></span></li> <li>I love you – <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">inaro taka</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">inar-aro taka</i></span></li></ol> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <ol><li>Good day! - <i>Maabig ya agew!</i></li> <li>Good morning! - <i>Maabig a kabuasan!</i></li> <li>Good afternoon! - <i>Maabig a ngarem!</i></li> <li>Good evening! - <i>Maabig a labi!</i></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Numbers">Numbers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pangasinan_language&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Numbers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>List of numbers from one to ten in <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tagalog_language" title="Tagalog language">Tagalog</a> and Pangasinan </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>English </th> <th>Tagalog </th> <th>Pangasinan </th></tr> <tr> <td>one </td> <td><span title="Tagalog-language text"><i lang="tl">isa</i></span>/<span title="Tagalog-language text"><span lang="tl">ᜁᜐ</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">sakey</i></span>/<span title="Pangasinan-language text"><span lang="pag">ᜐᜃᜒᜌ᜔</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>two </td> <td><span title="Tagalog-language text"><i lang="tl">dalawa</i></span>/<span title="Tagalog-language text"><span lang="tl">ᜇᜎᜏ</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">duara</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">dua</i></span>/<span title="Pangasinan-language text"><span lang="pag">ᜇᜓᜀᜇ᜵ᜇᜓᜀ</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>three </td> <td><span title="Tagalog-language text"><i lang="tl">tatlo</i></span>/<span title="Tagalog-language text"><span lang="tl">ᜆᜆ᜔ᜎᜓ</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">talora</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">talo</i></span>/<span title="Pangasinan-language text"><span lang="pag">ᜆᜎᜓᜇ᜵ᜆᜎᜓ</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>four </td> <td><span title="Tagalog-language text"><i lang="tl">apat</i></span>/<span title="Tagalog-language text"><span lang="tl">ᜀᜉᜆ᜔</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">apatira</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">apat</i></span>/<span title="Pangasinan-language text"><span lang="pag">ᜀᜌᜆᜒᜇ᜵ᜀᜉᜆ᜔</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>five </td> <td><span title="Tagalog-language text"><i lang="tl">lima</i></span>/<span title="Tagalog-language text"><span lang="tl">ᜎᜒᜋ</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">limara</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">lima</i></span>/<span title="Pangasinan-language text"><span lang="pag">ᜎᜒᜋᜇ᜵ᜎᜒᜋ</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>six </td> <td><span title="Tagalog-language text"><i lang="tl">anim</i></span>/<span title="Tagalog-language text"><span lang="tl">ᜀᜈᜒᜋ᜔</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">anemira</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">anem</i></span>/<span title="Pangasinan-language text"><span lang="pag">ᜀᜈᜒᜋᜒᜇ᜵ᜀᜈᜒᜋ᜔</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>seven </td> <td><span title="Tagalog-language text"><i lang="tl">pito</i></span>/<span title="Tagalog-language text"><span lang="tl">ᜉᜒᜆᜓ</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">pitora</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">pito</i></span>/<span title="Pangasinan-language text"><span lang="pag">ᜉᜒᜆᜓᜇ᜵ᜉᜒᜆᜓ</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>eight </td> <td><span title="Tagalog-language text"><i lang="tl">walo</i></span>/<span title="Tagalog-language text"><span lang="tl">ᜏᜎᜓ</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">walora</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">walo</i></span>/<span title="Pangasinan-language text"><span lang="pag">ᜏᜎᜓᜇ᜵ᜏᜎᜓ</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>nine </td> <td><span title="Tagalog-language text"><i lang="tl">siyam</i></span>/<span title="Tagalog-language text"><span lang="tl">ᜐᜒᜌᜋ᜔</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">siamira</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">siam</i></span>/<span title="Pangasinan-language text"><span lang="pag">ᜐᜒᜀᜋᜒᜇ᜵ᜐᜒᜀᜋ᜔</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ten </td> <td><span title="Tagalog-language text"><i lang="tl">sampu</i></span>/<span title="Tagalog-language text"><span lang="tl">ᜐᜋ᜔ᜉᜓ</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">samplora</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">samplo</i></span>/<span title="Pangasinan-language text"><span lang="pag">ᜐᜋ᜔ᜉᜓᜎᜓᜇ᜵ᜐᜋ᜔ᜉᜓᜎᜓ</span></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Cardinal numbers: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Pangasinan </th> <th>English </th></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">isa</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">sakey</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">san-</i></span> </td> <td>one </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">dua</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">dua'ra</i></span> (<span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">dua ira</i></span>) </td> <td>two </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">talo</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">-tlo</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">talo'ra</i></span> (<span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">talo ira</i></span>) </td> <td>three </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">apat</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">-pat</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">apatira</i></span> (<span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">apat ira</i></span>) </td> <td>four </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">lima</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">lima'ra</i></span> (<span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">lima ira</i></span>) </td> <td>five </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">anem</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">-nem</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">anemira</i></span> (<span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">anem ira</i></span>) </td> <td>six </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">pito</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">pito'ra</i></span> (<span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">pito ira</i></span>) </td> <td>seven </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">walo</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">walo'ra</i></span> (<span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">walo ira</i></span>) </td> <td>eight </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">siam</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">siamira</i></span> (<span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">siam ira</i></span>) </td> <td>nine </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">polo</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">samplo</i></span> (<span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">isa'n polo</i></span>), <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">samplo'ra</i></span> (<span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">isa'n polo ira</i></span>) </td> <td>tens, ten </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">lasus</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">sanlasus</i></span> (<span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">isa'n lasus</i></span>) </td> <td>hundreds, one hundred </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">libo</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">sakey libo</i></span> </td> <td>thousands, one thousand </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">laksa</i></span>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">sanlaksa</i></span> (<span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">isa'n laksa</i></span>), <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">sakey a laksa</i></span> </td> <td>ten thousands, ten thousand </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Ordinal numbers: </p><p>Ordinal numbers are formed with the prefix <i>kuma-</i> (<i>ka-</i> plus infix <i>-um</i>). Example: <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">kumadua</i></span>, 'second'. </p><p>Associative numbers: </p><p>Associative numbers are formed with the prefix <i>ka-</i>. Example: <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">katlo</i></span>, 'third of a group of three'. </p><p>Fractions: </p><p>Fraction numbers are formed with the prefix <i>ka-</i> and an associative number. Example: <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">kakatlo</i></span>, 'third part'. </p><p>Multiplicatives: </p><p>Multiplicative ordinal numbers are formed with the prefix <i>pi-</i> and a cardinal number from two to four or <i>pin-</i> for other numbers except for number one. Example: <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">kaisa</i></span>, 'first time'; <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">pidua</i></span>, 'second time'; <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">pinlima</i></span>, 'fifth time'. </p><p>Multiplicative cardinal numbers are formed with the prefix <i>man-</i> (<i>mami-</i> or <i>mamin-</i> for present or future tense, and <i>ami-</i> or <i>amin-</i> for the past tense) to the corresponding multiplicative ordinal number. Example: <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">aminsan</i></span>, 'once'; <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">amidua</i></span>, 'twice'; <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">mamitlo</i></span>, 'thrice'. </p><p>Distributives: </p><p>Distributive cardinal numbers are formed with the prefixes <i>san-</i>, <i>tag-</i>, or <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">tunggal</i></span> and a cardinal number. Example: <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">sansakey</i></span>, 'one each'; <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">sanderua</i></span>, 'two each'. </p><p>Distributive multiplicative numbers are formed with the prefixes <i>magsi-</i>, <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">tunggal</i></span>, or <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">balangsakey</i></span> and a multiplicative cardinal number. Example: <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">tunggal pamidua</i></span>, 'twice each'; <span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">magsi-pamidua</i></span>, 'each twice'. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dictionaries_and_further_reading">Dictionaries and further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pangasinan_language&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Dictionaries and further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following is a list of some dictionaries and references: </p> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFernández_Cosgaya1865" class="citation book cs1">Fernández Cosgaya, Lorenzo (1865). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://name.umdl.umich.edu/aql8785.0001.001"><i>Diccionario pangasinan-español and Vocabulario Hispano-pangasinán</i></a>. Colegio de Santo Tomás – via University of Michigan's Humanities Text Initiative.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Diccionario+pangasinan-espa%C3%B1ol+and+Vocabulario+Hispano-pangasin%C3%A1n&rft.pub=Colegio+de+Santo+Tom%C3%A1s&rft.date=1865&rft.aulast=Fern%C3%A1ndez+Cosgaya&rft.aufirst=Lorenzo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fname.umdl.umich.edu%2Faql8785.0001.001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APangasinan+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacaraeg1898" class="citation book cs1">Macaraeg, Anastacio Austria (1898). <i>Vocabulario castellano-pangasinán</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vocabulario+castellano-pangasin%C3%A1n&rft.date=1898&rft.aulast=Macaraeg&rft.aufirst=Anastacio+Austria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APangasinan+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPellicer1904" class="citation book cs1">Pellicer, Mariano (1904). <i>Arte de la lengua pangasinán o caboloan</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arte+de+la+lengua+pangasin%C3%A1n+o+caboloan&rft.date=1904&rft.aulast=Pellicer&rft.aufirst=Mariano&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APangasinan+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRayner1923" class="citation book cs1">Rayner, Ernest Adolphus (1923). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://name.umdl.umich.edu/ADL9486.0001.001"><i>Grammar and dictionary of the Pangasinan language / Gramatica tan diccionario na salitay Pangasinan</i></a>. Manila, Philippines: Methodist Publishing House.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Grammar+and+dictionary+of+the+Pangasinan+language+%2F+Gramatica+tan+diccionario+na+salitay+Pangasinan&rft.place=Manila%2C+Philippines&rft.pub=Methodist+Publishing+House&rft.date=1923&rft.aulast=Rayner&rft.aufirst=Ernest+Adolphus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fname.umdl.umich.edu%2FADL9486.0001.001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APangasinan+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFViray1927" class="citation book cs1">Viray, Felixberto B. (1927). <i>The Sounds and Sound Symbols of the Pangasinan Language</i>. Manila: University of the Philippines.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sounds+and+Sound+Symbols+of+the+Pangasinan+Language&rft.place=Manila&rft.pub=University+of+the+Philippines&rft.date=1927&rft.aulast=Viray&rft.aufirst=Felixberto+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APangasinan+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCorporación_de_PP._Dominicos1951" class="citation book cs1">Corporación de PP. Dominicos (1951). <i>Pasion Na Cataoan Tin JesuChristo</i>. U.S.T. Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pasion+Na+Cataoan+Tin+JesuChristo&rft.pub=U.S.T.+Press&rft.date=1951&rft.au=Corporaci%C3%B3n+de+PP.+Dominicos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APangasinan+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchachter1960" class="citation thesis cs1">Schachter, Paul Morris (1960). <i>A Contrastive Analysis of English and Pangasinan</i> (Thesis). Los Angeles: University of California. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/500620511">500620511</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=A+Contrastive+Analysis+of+English+and+Pangasinan&rft.inst=University+of+California&rft.date=1960&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F500620511&rft.aulast=Schachter&rft.aufirst=Paul+Morris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APangasinan+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVersoza1977" class="citation thesis cs1">Versoza, Paciencia E. (1977). <i>Stress and Intonation Difficulties of Pangasinan Learners of English</i> (Philippine Normal College thesis). <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/4736102">4736102</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Stress+and+Intonation+Difficulties+of+Pangasinan+Learners+of+English&rft.degree=Philippine+Normal+College&rft.date=1977&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F4736102&rft.aulast=Versoza&rft.aufirst=Paciencia+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APangasinan+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenton1971" class="citation book cs1">Benton, Richard A. (1971). <i>Pangasinan Dictionary</i>. Honolulu: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Hawaii_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Hawaii Press">University of Hawaii Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1123520882">1123520882</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pangasinan+Dictionary&rft.place=Honolulu&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft.date=1971&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1123520882&rft.aulast=Benton&rft.aufirst=Richard+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APangasinan+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenton1971" class="citation book cs1">Benton, Richard A. (1971). <i>Pangasinan Reference Grammar</i>. Honolulu: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Hawaii_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Hawaii Press">University of Hawaii Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780824879105" title="Special:BookSources/9780824879105"><bdi>9780824879105</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pangasinan+Reference+Grammar&rft.place=Honolulu&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=9780824879105&rft.aulast=Benton&rft.aufirst=Richard+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APangasinan+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenton1971" class="citation book cs1">Benton, Richard A. (1971). <i>Spoken Pangasinan</i>. Honolulu: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Hawaii_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Hawaii Press">University of Hawaii Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780870220739" title="Special:BookSources/9780870220739"><bdi>9780870220739</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Spoken+Pangasinan&rft.place=Honolulu&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=9780870220739&rft.aulast=Benton&rft.aufirst=Richard+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APangasinan+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenton1972" class="citation book cs1">Benton, Richard A. (1972). <i>Phonotactics of Pangasinan</i>. Honolulu: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Hawaii_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Hawaii Press">University of Hawaii Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/16326646">16326646</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Phonotactics+of+Pangasinan&rft.place=Honolulu&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft.date=1972&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F16326646&rft.aulast=Benton&rft.aufirst=Richard+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APangasinan+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConstantino1975" class="citation book cs1">Constantino, Ernesto (1975). <i>English-Pangasinan Dictionary</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=English-Pangasinan+Dictionary&rft.date=1975&rft.aulast=Constantino&rft.aufirst=Ernesto&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APangasinan+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSilverio1976" class="citation book cs1">Silverio, Julio F. (1976). <i>New English-Pilipino-Pangasinan Dictionary</i>. Manila: National Book Store. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/3371251">3371251</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+English-Pilipino-Pangasinan+Dictionary&rft.place=Manila&rft.pub=National+Book+Store&rft.date=1976&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F3371251&rft.aulast=Silverio&rft.aufirst=Julio+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APangasinan+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarcia1981" class="citation book cs1">Garcia, Alta Grace Q. (1981). <i>Morphological Analysis of English and Pangasinan Verbs</i>. Manila: Rex Book Store. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/989412334">989412334</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Morphological+Analysis+of+English+and+Pangasinan+Verbs&rft.place=Manila&rft.pub=Rex+Book+Store&rft.date=1981&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F989412334&rft.aulast=Garcia&rft.aufirst=Alta+Grace+Q.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APangasinan+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source-2"><i>Say Santa Biblia</i> (in Pangasinan). Manila: Philippine Bible Society. 1982. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789712900228" title="Special:BookSources/9789712900228"><bdi>9789712900228</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Say+Santa+Biblia&rft.place=Manila&rft.pub=Philippine+Bible+Society&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=9789712900228&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APangasinan+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source-2"><i>Maung A Balita Para Sayan Panaon Tayo</i> (in Pangasinan). Philippine Bible Society and United Bible Societies. 1983. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/54302118">54302118</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Maung+A+Balita+Para+Sayan+Panaon+Tayo&rft.pub=Philippine+Bible+Society+and+United+Bible+Societies&rft.date=1983&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F54302118&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APangasinan+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatchtower_Bible_and_Tract_Society_of_Pennsylvania2015" class="citation book cs1">Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania (2015). <i>Balon Mundo a Patalos na Masanton Kasulatan</i>. Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Balon+Mundo+a+Patalos+na+Masanton+Kasulatan&rft.pub=Watchtower+Bible+and+Tract+Society+of+Pennsylvania&rft.date=2015&rft.au=Watchtower+Bible+and+Tract+Society+of+Pennsylvania&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APangasinan+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTungol1993" class="citation book cs1">Tungol, Mario "Guese" (1993). <i>Modern English-Filipino Pangasinan Dictionary</i>. Manila: <a href="/wiki/Merriam_Webster" class="mw-redirect" title="Merriam Webster">Merriam Webster</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/70045401">70045401</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+English-Filipino+Pangasinan+Dictionary&rft.place=Manila&rft.pub=Merriam+Webster&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F70045401&rft.aulast=Tungol&rft.aufirst=Mario+%22Guese%22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APangasinan+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChurch_of_Christn.d." class="citation book cs1">Church of Christ (n.d.). <i>Say Cancanta</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Say+Cancanta&rft.au=Church+of+Christ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APangasinan+language" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: year (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_year" title="Category:CS1 maint: year">link</a>)</span> Includes translations of English songs like "Joy to the World," and "What A Friend We Have in Jesus."</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJovellanos2002" class="citation book cs1">Jovellanos, Emiliano (2002). <i>Pangasinan-English English-Pangasinan Dictionary</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pangasinan-English+English-Pangasinan+Dictionary&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Jovellanos&rft.aufirst=Emiliano&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APangasinan+language" class="Z3988"></span> The compilation has 20,000 entries.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJovellanos2007" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source-2">Jovellanos, Mel V. (March 2007). <i>Pangasinan-English English-Pangasinan Language Dictionary</i> (in Pangasinan). Calasiao: Corpuz Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pangasinan-English+English-Pangasinan+Language+Dictionary&rft.place=Calasiao&rft.pub=Corpuz+Press&rft.date=2007-03&rft.aulast=Jovellanos&rft.aufirst=Mel+V.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APangasinan+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosario2012" class="citation journal cs1">Rosario, F. C. Jr. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350922730">"The Vowel Space of Pangasinan"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frontiers_of_Language_and_Teaching&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frontiers of Language and Teaching (page does not exist)">Frontiers of Language and Teaching</a></i>. <b>3</b>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Frontiers+of+Language+and+Teaching&rft.atitle=The+Vowel+Space+of+Pangasinan&rft.volume=3&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Rosario&rft.aufirst=F.+C.+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F350922730&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APangasinan+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source-2"><i>Malinak Lay Labi</i> [<i>Calm is the Night</i>] (in Pangasinan).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Malinak+Lay+Labi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APangasinan+language" class="Z3988"></span> Traditional folk song.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pangasinan_language&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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href="/w/index.php?title=Pangasinan_language&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-BentonGrammar-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BentonGrammar_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BentonGrammar_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenton1971" class="citation book cs1">Benton, Richard A. (1971). <i>Pangasinan Reference Grammar</i>. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8248-7910-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8248-7910-5"><bdi>978-0-8248-7910-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pangasinan+Reference+Grammar&rft.place=Honolulu&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=978-0-8248-7910-5&rft.aulast=Benton&rft.aufirst=Richard+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APangasinan+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/PHIILIPPINES_FINAL%20PDF.pdf">"2010 Census of Population and Housing, Report No. 2A – Demographic and Housing Characteristics (Non-Sample Variables)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2010+Census+of+Population+and+Housing%2C+Report+No.+2A+%E2%80%93+Demographic+and+Housing+Characteristics+%28Non-Sample+Variables%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpsa.gov.ph%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FPHIILIPPINES_FINAL%2520PDF.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APangasinan+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/PHIILIPPINES_FINAL%20PDF.pdf">"2010 Census of Population and Housing, Report No. 2A – Demographic and Housing Characteristics (Non-Sample Variables)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2010+Census+of+Population+and+Housing%2C+Report+No.+2A+%E2%80%93+Demographic+and+Housing+Characteristics+%28Non-Sample+Variables%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpsa.gov.ph%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FPHIILIPPINES_FINAL%2520PDF.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APangasinan+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gruyter-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gruyter_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUlrich_AmmonNorbert_DittmarKlaus_J._Mattheier2006" class="citation book cs1">Ulrich Ammon; Norbert Dittmar; Klaus J. Mattheier (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C"><i>Sociolinguistics: an international handbook of the science of language and society</i></a>. Vol. 3. Walter de Gruyter. p. 2018. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-11-018418-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-11-018418-1"><bdi>978-3-11-018418-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sociolinguistics%3A+an+international+handbook+of+the+science+of+language+and+society&rft.pages=2018&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-3-11-018418-1&rft.au=Ulrich+Ammon&rft.au=Norbert+Dittmar&rft.au=Klaus+J.+Mattheier&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLMZm0w0k1c4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APangasinan+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGordon,_Raymond_G._Jr.2005" class="citation web cs1">Gordon, Raymond G. Jr., ed. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=pag">"Ethnologue: Languages of the World"</a> (Fifteenth ed.).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ethnologue%3A+Languages+of+the+World&rft.edition=Fifteenth&rft.date=2005&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Fshow_language.asp%3Fcode%3Dpag&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APangasinan+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFox,_James_J.2004" class="citation web cs1">Fox, James J. 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J., <a href="/wiki/Robert_Blust" title="Robert Blust">Blust. R</a>, & Gray, R.D. (2003–2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150710161506/http://language.psy.auckland.ac.nz/austronesian/">"The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://language.psy.auckland.ac.nz/austronesian">the original</a> on 2015-07-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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"The Southern Cordilleran Group of Philippine Languages". <i>Oceanic Linguistics</i>. <b>37</b> (1): 120–177. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3623282">10.2307/3623282</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3623282">3623282</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oceanic+Linguistics&rft.atitle=The+Southern+Cordilleran+Group+of+Philippine+Languages&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=120-177&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3623282&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3623282%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=Ronald+S.+Himes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APangasinan+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://psa.gov.ph/content/tagalog-most-widely-spoken-language-home-2020-census-population-and-housing">"Tagalog is the Most Widely Spoken Language at Home (2020 Census of Population and Housing) | Philippine Statistics Authority | Republic of the Philippines"</a>. <i>psa.gov.ph</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-07-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=psa.gov.ph&rft.atitle=Tagalog+is+the+Most+Widely+Spoken+Language+at+Home+%282020+Census+of+Population+and+Housing%29+%7C+Philippine+Statistics+Authority+%7C+Republic+of+the+Philippines&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpsa.gov.ph%2Fcontent%2Ftagalog-most-widely-spoken-language-home-2020-census-population-and-housing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APangasinan+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-benton1971-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-benton1971_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenton1971" class="citation book cs1">Benton, Richard Anthony (1971). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/pangasinanrefere0000bent"><i>Pangasinan reference grammar</i></a></span>. Honolulu : University of Hawaii Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0870220721" title="Special:BookSources/0870220721"><bdi>0870220721</bdi></a> – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pangasinan+reference+grammar&rft.pub=Honolulu+%3A+University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=0870220721&rft.aulast=Benton&rft.aufirst=Richard+Anthony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpangasinanrefere0000bent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APangasinan+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pangasinan_language&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/40px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/60px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/80px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><i><b><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="pag:"> Pangasinan edition</a></b></i> of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a>, the free encyclopedia</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a phrasebook for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Pangasinan_phrasebook#Q33879" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Pangasinan phrasebook">Pangasinan</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.mb.com.ph/2018/12/15/reviving-a-dying-language/">Pangasinan as a dying language</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bansa.org/dictionaries/pag/">Bansa Pangasinan-English Dictionary</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://pag.wiktionary.org">Pangasinan Wiktionary</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170503020518/http://language.psy.auckland.ac.nz/austronesian/">Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://punch.dagupan.com">Sunday Punch</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sunstar.com.ph/pangasinan">Sun Star Pangasinan</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060426013017/http://pangasinanstar.prepys.com/">Pangasinan Star</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dalityapi.com/">Pangasinan: Preservation and Revitalization of the Pangasinan Language and Literature</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071017200326/http://www.manilatimes.net/national/2007/sept/03/yehey/top_stories/20070903top6.html">Globalization killing Pangasinan language</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090704210246/http://globalnation.inquirer.net/features/features/view_article.php?article_id=70216">Pangasinan language is alive and kicking (Philippine Daily Inquirer, June 8, 2007)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.manilatimes.net/national/2007/sept/02/yehey/top_stories/20070902top1.html">Dying languages</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dbFAiatnnjEC">Pangasinan-Spanish Dictionary</a>, by Lorenzo Fernandez Cosgata, published in 1865.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Northern_Luzon_languages" title="Template:Northern Luzon languages"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Northern_Luzon_languages" title="Template talk:Northern Luzon languages"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Northern_Luzon_languages" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Northern Luzon languages"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Northern_Luzon_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Luzon_languages" title="Northern Luzon languages">Northern Luzon languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ilocos</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ilocano_language" title="Ilocano language">Ilocano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arta_language" title="Arta language">Arta</a> †</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicamay_Agta_language" title="Dicamay Agta language">Dicamay Agta</a> †</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cagayan_Valley_languages" title="Cagayan Valley languages">Cagayan Valley</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibanag_language" title="Ibanag language">Ibanag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isnag_language" title="Isnag language">Isnag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atta_language" title="Atta language">Atta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itawis_language" title="Itawis language">Itawis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogad_language" title="Yogad language">Yogad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cagayan_Aeta_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Cagayan Aeta language">Cagayan Aeta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaddang_language" title="Gaddang language">Gaddang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ga%27dang_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ga'dang language">Ga'dang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South-Central_Cordilleran_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="South-Central Cordilleran languages">South-Central<br />Cordilleran</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Alta_language" title="Northern Alta language">Northern Alta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Alta_language" title="Southern Alta language">Southern Alta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isinai_language" title="Isinai language">Isinai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itneg_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Itneg language">Itneg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalinga_language" title="Kalinga language">Kalinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ifugao_language" title="Ifugao language">Ifugao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuwali_language" title="Tuwali language">Tuwali</a> ?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balangao_language" title="Balangao language">Balangao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bontok_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bontok language">Bontok-Finallig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kankanaey_language" title="Kankanaey language">Kankanaey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilongot_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ilongot language">Ilongot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pangasinic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pangasinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibaloi_language" title="Ibaloi language">Ibaloi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karao_language" title="Karao language">Karao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iwaak_language" title="Iwaak language">Iwaak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalanguya_language" title="Kalanguya language">Kalanguya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>† indicates <a href="/wiki/Language_death" title="Language death">extinct status</a></li> <li>? indicates classification dispute</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Philippine_languages" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Philippine_languages" title="Template:Philippine languages"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Philippine_languages" title="Template talk:Philippine languages"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Philippine_languages" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Philippine languages"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Philippine_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Philippine_languages" title="Philippine languages">Philippine languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Batanic_languages" title="Batanic languages">Batanic (Bashiic)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Itbayat_language" title="Itbayat language">Itbayat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivatan_language" title="Ivatan language">Ivatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yami_language" title="Yami language">Yami</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Mindanao_languages" title="South Mindanao languages">Bilic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blaan_language" title="Blaan language">Blaan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tboli_language" title="Tboli language">Tboli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teduray_language" title="Teduray language">Teduray</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Luzon_languages" title="Central Luzon languages">Central Luzon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hatang_Kayi_language" title="Hatang Kayi language">Hatang Kayi</a> (Remontado)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapampangan_language" title="Kapampangan language">Kapampangan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sambalic_languages" title="Sambalic languages">Sambalic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abellen_language" title="Abellen language">Abellen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambala_language" title="Ambala language">Ambala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolinao_language" title="Bolinao language">Bolinao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botolan_language" title="Botolan language">Botolan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antsi_language" title="Antsi language">Mag-antsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indi_language" title="Indi language">Mag-indi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marivele%C3%B1o_language" title="Mariveleño language">Mariveleño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambal_language" title="Sambal language">Sambal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Greater_Central_Philippine_languages" title="Greater Central Philippine languages">Greater Central<br />Philippine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Philippine_languages" title="Central Philippine languages">Central Philippine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bikol_languages" title="Bikol languages">Bikol</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albay_Bikol_language" title="Albay Bikol language">Albay Bikol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bikol" title="Central Bikol">Central Bikol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inagta_Partido_language" title="Inagta Partido language">Isarog Agta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Iraya_Agta_language" title="Mount Iraya Agta language">Mount Iraya Agta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Iriga_Agta_language" title="Mount Iriga Agta language">Mount Iriga Agta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandan_Bikol_language" title="Pandan Bikol language">Pandan Bikol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rinconada_Bikol_language" title="Rinconada Bikol language">Rinconada</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bisayan_languages" title="Bisayan languages">Bisayan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aklanon_language" title="Aklanon language">Aklanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bantoanon_language" title="Bantoanon language">Asi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bantayanon_language" title="Bantayanon language">Bantayanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baybay_language" title="Baybay language">Baybay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butuanon_language" title="Butuanon language">Butuanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caluyanon_language" title="Caluyanon language">Caluyanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capiznon_language" title="Capiznon language">Capiznon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cebuano_language" title="Cebuano language">Cebuano</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Boholano_dialect" title="Boholano dialect">Boholano</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Classical_Cebuano" title="Classical Cebuano">Old Cebuano †</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuyonon_language" title="Cuyonon language">Cuyonon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiligaynon_language" title="Hiligaynon language">Hiligaynon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabalian_language" title="Kabalian language">Kabalian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karay-a_language" title="Karay-a language">Karay-a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karolanos_language" title="Karolanos language">Karolanos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magahat_language" title="Magahat language">Magahat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masbate%C3%B1o_language" title="Masbateño language">Masbateño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Sorsogon_language" title="Northern Sorsogon language">Northern Sorsogon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onhan_language" title="Onhan language">Onhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porohanon_language" title="Porohanon language">Porohanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratagnon_language" title="Ratagnon language">Ratagnon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romblomanon_language" title="Romblomanon language">Romblomanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Sorsogon_language" title="Southern Sorsogon language">Southern Sorsogon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulod_language" title="Sulod language">Sulod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surigaonon_language" title="Surigaonon language">Surigaonon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tausug_language" title="Tausug language">Tausug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waray_language" title="Waray language">Waray</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mansakan_languages" title="Mansakan languages">Mansakan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Davaoe%C3%B1o_language" title="Davaoeño language">Davawenyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalagan_language" title="Kalagan language">Kalagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamayo_language" title="Kamayo language">Kamayo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamanwa_language" title="Mamanwa language">Mamanwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaya_language" title="Mandaya language">Mandaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansaka_language" title="Mansaka language">Mansaka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tagalogic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kasiguranin" title="Kasiguranin">Kasiguranin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagalog_language" title="Tagalog language">Tagalog</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Old_Tagalog" title="Old Tagalog">Old Tagalog</a> †</small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Batangas_Tagalog" title="Batangas Tagalog">Batangueño</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Filipino_language" title="Filipino language">Filipino</a></small></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">(unclassified)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ata_language_(Negros)" title="Ata language (Negros)">Ata</a> †</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Danao_languages" title="Danao languages">Danao</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranun_language" title="Iranun language">Iranun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maguindanao_language" title="Maguindanao language">Maguindanao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maranao_language" title="Maranao language">Maranao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gorontalo%E2%80%93Mongondow_languages" title="Gorontalo–Mongondow languages">Gorontalo–Mongondow</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bintauna_language" title="Bintauna language">Bintauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolango_language" title="Bolango language">Bolango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buol_language" title="Buol language">Buol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorontalo_language" title="Gorontalo language">Gorontalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaidipang_language" title="Kaidipang language">Kaidipang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lolak_language" title="Lolak language">Lolak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongondow_language" title="Mongondow language">Mongondow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponosakan_language" title="Ponosakan language">Ponosakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suwawa_language" title="Suwawa language">Suwawa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Manobo_languages" title="Manobo languages">Manobo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agusan_language" title="Agusan language">Agusan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ata_Manobo_language" title="Ata Manobo language">Ata Manobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukid_language" title="Bukid language">Binukid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotabato_Manobo_language" title="Cotabato Manobo language">Cotabato Manobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higaonon_language" title="Higaonon language">Higaonon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilianen_language" title="Ilianen language">Ilianen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kagayanen_language" title="Kagayanen language">Kagayanen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamigin_language" title="Kamigin language">Kamigin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matigsalug_language" title="Matigsalug language">Matigsalug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obo_language" title="Obo language">Obo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarangani_language" title="Sarangani language">Sarangani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagabawa_language" title="Tagabawa language">Tagabawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Bukidnon_Manobo" title="Western Bukidnon Manobo">Western Bukidnon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Palawanic_languages" title="Palawanic languages">Palawanic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aborlan_Tagbanwa_language" title="Aborlan Tagbanwa language">Aborlan Tagbanwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batak_language_(Philippines)" title="Batak language (Philippines)">Batak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Tagbanwa_language" title="Central Tagbanwa language">Central Tagbanwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palawano_language" title="Palawano language">Palawano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taaw%CA%BCt_Bato_language" title="Taawʼt Bato language">Taawʼt Bato</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Mindoro_languages" title="Southern Mindoro languages">Southern Mindoro</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buhid_language" title="Buhid language">Buhid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanunoo_language" title="Hanunoo language">Hanunoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawbuid_language" title="Tawbuid language">Tawbuid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Subanen_languages" title="Subanen languages">Subanen</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Subanon_language" title="Western Subanon language">Western Subanon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kalamian_languages" title="Kalamian languages">Kalamian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agutaynen_language" title="Agutaynen language">Agutaynen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calamian_Tagbanwa_language" title="Calamian Tagbanwa language">Calamian Tagbanwa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minahasan_languages" title="Minahasan languages">Minahasan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tombulu_language" title="Tombulu language">Tombulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tondano_language" title="Tondano language">Tondano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonsawang_language" title="Tonsawang language">Tonsawang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonsea_language" title="Tonsea language">Tonsea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tontemboan_language" title="Tontemboan language">Tontemboan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Luzon_languages" title="Northern Luzon languages">Northern Luzon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arta_language" title="Arta language">Arta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicamay_Agta_language" title="Dicamay Agta language">Dicamay Agta</a> †</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilocano_language" title="Ilocano language">Ilocano</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cagayan_Valley_languages" title="Cagayan Valley languages">Cagayan Valley</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atta_language" title="Atta language">Atta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Cagayan_Agta_language" title="Central Cagayan Agta language">Cagayan Agta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ga%CA%BCdang_language" title="Gaʼdang language">Gaʼdang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaddang_language" title="Gaddang language">Gaddang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibanag_language" title="Ibanag language">Ibanag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isnag_language" title="Isnag language">Isnag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itawis_language" title="Itawis language">Itawis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogad_language" title="Yogad language">Yogad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Meso-Cordilleran_languages" title="Meso-Cordilleran languages">Meso-Cordilleran</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Alta_language" title="Northern Alta language">Northern Alta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Alta_language" title="Southern Alta language">Southern Alta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Cordilleran_languages" title="Central Cordilleran languages">Central Cordilleran</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balangao_language" title="Balangao language">Balangao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bontoc_language" title="Bontoc language">Bontoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ifugao_language" title="Ifugao language">Ifugao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isinai_language" title="Isinai language">Isinai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itneg_languages" title="Itneg languages">Itneg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalinga_language" title="Kalinga language">Kalinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kankanaey_language" title="Kankanaey language">Kankanaey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuwali_language" title="Tuwali language">Tuwali</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Cordilleran_languages" title="Southern Cordilleran languages">Southern Cordilleran</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bugkalot_language" title="Bugkalot language">Bugkalot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibaloi_language" title="Ibaloi language">Ibaloi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iwaak_language" title="Iwaak language">Iwaak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalanguya_language" title="Kalanguya language">Kalanguya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karao_language" title="Karao language">Karao</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pangasinan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mindoro_languages" title="Northern Mindoro languages">Northern Mindoro</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alangan_language" title="Alangan language">Alangan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraya_language" title="Iraya language">Iraya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tadyawan_language" title="Tadyawan language">Tadyawan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sangiric_languages" title="Sangiric languages">Sangiric</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bantik_language" title="Bantik language">Bantik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratahan_language" title="Ratahan language">Ratahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangir_language" title="Sangir language">Sangir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talaud_language" title="Talaud language">Talaud</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other branches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ati_language_(Philippines)" title="Ati language (Philippines)">Ati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klata_language" title="Klata language">Klata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umiray_Dumaget_language" title="Umiray Dumaget language">Umiray Dumaget</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manide–Alabat</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inagta_Alabat_language" title="Inagta Alabat language">Inagta Alabat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manide_language" title="Manide language">Manide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reconstructed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Proto-Philippine_language" title="Proto-Philippine language">Proto-Philippine</a> †</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>† indicates <a href="/wiki/Language_death" title="Language death">extinct status</a></li> <li>? indicates classification dispute</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Languages_of_the_Philippines" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_the_Philippines" title="Template:Languages of the Philippines"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Languages_of_the_Philippines" title="Template talk:Languages of the Philippines"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Languages_of_the_Philippines" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Languages of the Philippines"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Languages_of_the_Philippines" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Philippines" title="Languages of the Philippines">Languages of the Philippines</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Official languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_language" title="Filipino language">Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_English" title="Philippine English">English</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regional_languages_of_the_Philippines" title="List of regional languages of the Philippines">Regional languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bikol_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Bikol language">Bikol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cebuano_language" title="Cebuano language">Cebuano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chavacano" title="Chavacano">Chavacano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiligaynon_language" title="Hiligaynon language">Hiligaynon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibanag_language" title="Ibanag language">Ibanag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilocano_language" title="Ilocano language">Ilocano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapampangan_language" title="Kapampangan language">Kapampangan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karay-a_language" title="Karay-a language">Karay-a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maguindanao_language" title="Maguindanao language">Maguindanao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maranao_language" title="Maranao language">Maranao</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pangasinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagalog_language" title="Tagalog language">Tagalog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waray_language" title="Waray language">Waray</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indigenous languages<br />(by <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_the_Philippines" title="Regions of the Philippines">region</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bangsamoro" title="Bangsamoro">Bangsamoro</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranun_language" title="Iranun language">Iranun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pangutaran_Sama_language" title="Pangutaran Sama language">Pangutaran Sama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sama_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sama language">Sama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tausug_language" title="Tausug language">Tausug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakan_language" title="Yakan language">Yakan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bicol_Region" title="Bicol Region">Bicol Region</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albay_Bikol_language" title="Albay Bikol language">Albay Bikol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inagta_Partido_language" title="Inagta Partido language">Inagta Partido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manide_language" title="Manide language">Manide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masbate%C3%B1o_language" title="Masbateño language">Masbateño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Iraya_Agta_language" title="Mount Iraya Agta language">Mount Iraya Agta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Iriga_Agta_language" title="Mount Iriga Agta language">Mount Iriga Agta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Sorsogon_language" title="Northern Sorsogon language">Northern Sorsogon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandan_Bikol_language" title="Pandan Bikol language">Pandan Bikol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rinconada_Bikol_language" title="Rinconada Bikol language">Rinconada Bikol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Catanduanes_Bikol_language" title="Southern Catanduanes Bikol language">Southern Catanduanes Bikol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Sorsogon_language" title="Southern Sorsogon language">Southern Sorsogon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cagayan_Valley" title="Cagayan Valley">Cagayan Valley</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arta_language" title="Arta language">Arta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atta_language" title="Atta language">Atta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bugkalot_language" title="Bugkalot language">Bugkalot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Cagayan_Agta_language" title="Central Cagayan Agta language">Central Cagayan Agta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinapigue_Agta" title="Dinapigue Agta">Dinapigue Agta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dupaningan_Agta" title="Dupaningan Agta">Dupaningan Agta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaddang_language" title="Gaddang language">Gaddang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isinai_language" title="Isinai language">Isinai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itawis_language" title="Itawis language">Itawis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itbayat_language" title="Itbayat language">Itbayat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivatan_language" title="Ivatan language">Ivatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalanguya_language" title="Kalanguya language">Kalanguya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karao_language" title="Karao language">Karao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaweg_language" title="Malaweg language">Malaweg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagtipunan_Agta" title="Nagtipunan Agta">Nagtipunan Agta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paranan_Agta_language" title="Paranan Agta language">Paranan Agta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paranan_language" title="Paranan language">Paranan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogad_language" title="Yogad language">Yogad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Calabarzon" title="Calabarzon">Calabarzon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inagta_Alabat_language" title="Inagta Alabat language">Inagta Alabat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manide_language" title="Manide language">Manide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatang_Kayi_language" title="Hatang Kayi language">Hatang Kayi</a> (Remontado)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Alta_language" title="Southern Alta language">Southern Alta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umiray_Dumaget_language" title="Umiray Dumaget language">Umiray Dumaget</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Caraga" title="Caraga">Caraga</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agusan_language" title="Agusan language">Agusan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ata_Manobo_language" title="Ata Manobo language">Ata Manobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butuanon_language" title="Butuanon language">Butuanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higaonon_language" title="Higaonon language">Higaonon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamayo_language" title="Kamayo language">Kamayo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamanwa_language" title="Mamanwa language">Mamanwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surigaonon_language" title="Surigaonon language">Surigaonon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Luzon" title="Central Luzon">Central Luzon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abellen_language" title="Abellen language">Abellen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambala_language" title="Ambala language">Ambala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antsi_language" title="Antsi language">Antsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botolan_language" title="Botolan language">Botolan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casiguran_Dumagat_Agta" title="Casiguran Dumagat Agta">Casiguran Dumagat Agta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indi_language" title="Indi language">Indi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasiguranin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kasiguranin language">Kasiguranin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marivele%C3%B1o_language" title="Mariveleño language">Mariveleño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Alta_language" title="Northern Alta language">Northern Alta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambal_language" title="Sambal language">Sambal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Alta_language" title="Southern Alta language">Southern Alta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umiray_Dumaget_language" title="Umiray Dumaget language">Umiray Dumaget</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Visayas" title="Central Visayas">Central Visayas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bantayanon_language" title="Bantayanon language">Bantayanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eskayan_language" title="Eskayan language">Eskayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karolanos_language" title="Karolanos language">Karolanos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magahat_language" title="Magahat language">Magahat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porohanon_language" title="Porohanon language">Porohanon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cordillera_Administrative_Region" title="Cordillera Administrative Region">Cordillera</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atta_language" title="Atta language">Atta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balangao_language" title="Balangao language">Balangao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bontoc_language" title="Bontoc language">Bontoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ga%27dang_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ga'dang language">Ga'dang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibaloi_language" title="Ibaloi language">Ibaloi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ifugao_language" title="Ifugao language">Ifugao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isnag_language" title="Isnag language">Isnag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itawis_language" title="Itawis language">Itawis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itneg_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Itneg language">Itneg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iwaak_language" title="Iwaak language">Iwaak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalanguya_language" title="Kalanguya language">Kalanguya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalinga_language" title="Kalinga language">Kalinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kankanaey_language" title="Kankanaey language">Kankanaey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaweg_language" title="Malaweg language">Malaweg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuwali_language" title="Tuwali language">Tuwali</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Davao_Region" title="Davao Region">Davao Region</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blaan_language" title="Blaan language">Blaan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davaoe%C3%B1o_language" title="Davaoeño language">Davaoeño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalagan_language" title="Kalagan language">Kalagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klata_language" title="Klata language">Klata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaya_language" title="Mandaya language">Mandaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansaka_language" title="Mansaka language">Mansaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obo_language" title="Obo language">Obo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangirese_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sangirese language">Sangirese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarangani_language" title="Sarangani language">Sarangani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagabawa_language" title="Tagabawa language">Tagabawa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Visayas" title="Eastern Visayas">Eastern Visayas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abaknon_language" title="Abaknon language">Abaknon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baybay_language" title="Baybay language">Baybay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabalian_language" title="Kabalian language">Kabalian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ilocos_Region" title="Ilocos Region">Ilocos Region</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bolinao_language" title="Bolinao language">Bolinao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Metro_Manila" title="Metro Manila">Metro Manila</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taglish" title="Taglish">Taglish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mimaropa" title="Mimaropa">Mimaropa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agutaynen_language" title="Agutaynen language">Agutaynen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alangan_language" title="Alangan language">Alangan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bantoanon_language" title="Bantoanon language">Asi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batak_language_(Philippines)" title="Batak language (Philippines)">Batak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buhid_language" title="Buhid language">Buhid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calamian_Tagbanwa_language" title="Calamian Tagbanwa language">Calamian Tagbanwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Tagbanwa_language" title="Central Tagbanwa language">Central Tagbanwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuyonon_language" title="Cuyonon language">Cuyonon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanunoo_language" title="Hanunoo language">Hanunoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraya_language" title="Iraya language">Iraya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kagayanen_language" title="Kagayanen language">Kagayanen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molbog_language" title="Molbog language">Molbog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onhan_language" title="Onhan language">Onhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palawano_language" title="Palawano language">Palawano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratagnon_language" title="Ratagnon language">Ratagnon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romblomanon_language" title="Romblomanon language">Romblomanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tadyawan_language" title="Tadyawan language">Tadyawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawbuid_language" title="Tawbuid language">Tawbuid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mindanao" title="Northern Mindanao">Northern Mindanao</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bukid_language" title="Bukid language">Bukid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higaonon_language" title="Higaonon language">Higaonon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilianen_language" title="Ilianen language">Ilianen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranun_language" title="Iranun language">Iranun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamigin_language" title="Kamigin language">Kamigin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matigsalug_language" title="Matigsalug language">Matigsalug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subanen_languages" title="Subanen languages">Subanen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Bukidnon_Manobo" title="Western Bukidnon Manobo">Western Bukidnon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Soccsksargen" title="Soccsksargen">Soccsksargen</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blaan_language" title="Blaan language">Blaan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotabato_Manobo_language" title="Cotabato Manobo language">Cotabato Manobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilianen_language" title="Ilianen language">Ilianen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranun_language" title="Iranun language">Iranun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obo_language" title="Obo language">Obo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tboli_language" title="Tboli language">Tboli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiruray_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiruray language">Tiruray</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Visayas" title="Western Visayas">Western Visayas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aklanon_language" title="Aklanon language">Aklanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ata_language_(Negros)" title="Ata language (Negros)">Ata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ati_language_(Philippines)" title="Ati language (Philippines)">Ati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caluyanon_language" title="Caluyanon language">Caluyanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capiznon_language" title="Capiznon language">Capiznon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulod_language" title="Sulod language">Sulod</a></li></ul> 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