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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="border-spacing:2px;"><caption class="infobox-title"><span title="International nonproprietary name (INN): Ro4938581">Ro4938581</span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image notheme" style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ro4938581.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Ro4938581.svg/225px-Ro4938581.svg.png" decoding="async" width="225" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Ro4938581.svg/338px-Ro4938581.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Ro4938581.svg/450px-Ro4938581.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="414" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/IUPAC_nomenclature_of_chemistry" title="IUPAC nomenclature of chemistry">IUPAC name</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; text-indent:-1.5em;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="font-size: 97%;">3-Bromo-10-(difluoromethyl)-9<i>H</i>-benzo[<i>f</i>]imidazo[1,5-<i>a</i>][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-<i>d</i>][1,4]diazepine</div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/CAS_Registry_Number" title="CAS Registry Number">CAS Number</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="commonchemistry.cas.org"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=883093-10-5">883093-10-5</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/PubChem#CID" title="PubChem">PubChem</a> <span style="font-weight:normal"><abbr title="Compound ID">CID</abbr></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/11624499">11624499</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Guide_to_Pharmacology" title="Guide to Pharmacology">IUPHAR/BPS</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.guidetopharmacology.org"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=4299">4299</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/ChemSpider" title="ChemSpider">ChemSpider</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.chemspider.com"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.9799246.html">9799246</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Unique_Ingredient_Identifier" title="Unique Ingredient Identifier">UNII</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="precision.fda.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://precision.fda.gov/uniisearch/srs/unii/ZK5NA2M82J">ZK5NA2M82J</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/ChEMBL" title="ChEMBL">ChEMBL</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.ebi.ac.uk"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembldb/index.php/compound/inspect/ChEMBL1080588">ChEMBL1080588</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/CompTox_Chemicals_Dashboard" title="CompTox Chemicals Dashboard">CompTox Dashboard</a> <span style="font-weight:normal">(<abbr title="U.S. Environmental Protection Agency">EPA</abbr>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="comptox.epa.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID601045378">DTXSID601045378</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15410190#P3117" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Chemical and physical data</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_formula" title="Chemical formula">Formula</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Carbon">C</span><sub>13</sub><span title="Hydrogen">H</span><sub>8</sub><span title="Bromine">Br</span><span title="Fluorine">F</span><sub>2</sub><span title="Nitrogen">N</span><sub>5</sub></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Molar_mass" title="Molar mass">Molar mass</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002352143000000000♠"></span>352.143</span> g·mol<sup>−1</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;">3D model (<a href="/wiki/JSmol" class="mw-redirect" title="JSmol">JSmol</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="chemapps.stolaf.edu (3D interactive model)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chemapps.stolaf.edu/jmol/jmol.php?model=FC%28F%29C%28N%3DC1%29%3DC%28N1C2%3DC3C%3DC%28Br%29C%3DC2%29CN4C3%3DNC%3DN4">Interactive image</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Simplified molecular-input line-entry system">SMILES</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">FC(F)C(N=C1)=C(N1C2=C3C=C(Br)C=C2)CN4C3=NC=N4</div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/International_Chemical_Identifier" title="International Chemical Identifier">InChI</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">InChI=1S/C13H8BrF2N5/c14-7-1-2-9-8(3-7)13-17-5-19-21(13)4-10-11(12(15)16)18-6-20(9)10/h1-3,5-6,12H,4H2</div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">Key:AFJRYPJIKHMNGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N</div></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ro4938581</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Nootropic" title="Nootropic">nootropic</a> <a href="/wiki/Drug" title="Drug">drug</a> invented in 2009 by a team working for <a href="/wiki/Hoffmann-La_Roche" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoffmann-La Roche">Hoffmann-La Roche</a>, which acts as a subtype-selective <a href="/wiki/Inverse_agonist" title="Inverse agonist">inverse agonist</a> at the <a href="/wiki/GABRA5" title="GABRA5">α<sub>5</sub> subtype</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Benzodiazepine" title="Benzodiazepine">benzodiazepine</a> binding site on the <a href="/wiki/GABAA_receptor" title="GABAA receptor">GABA<sub>A</sub></a> <a href="/wiki/Receptor_(biochemistry)" title="Receptor (biochemistry)">receptor</a>. It has good selectivity for the α<sub>5</sub> subtype and did not produce <a href="/wiki/Convulsant" title="Convulsant">convulsant</a> or <a href="/wiki/Anxiogenic" title="Anxiogenic">anxiogenic</a> effects in animal studies, making it a promising potential nootropic.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ro4938581 and a related derivative <a href="/wiki/Basmisanil" title="Basmisanil">basmisanil</a> (RG-1662, RO5186582) have subsequently been investigated for the alleviation of <a href="/wiki/Cognitive_impairment" title="Cognitive impairment">cognitive dysfunction</a> in <a href="/wiki/Down_syndrome" title="Down syndrome">Down syndrome</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ro4938581&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GABAA_receptor_negative_allosteric_modulator" title="GABAA receptor negative allosteric modulator">GABA<sub>A</sub> receptor negative allosteric modulator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GABAA_receptor#Ligands" title="GABAA receptor">GABA<sub>A</sub> receptor § Ligands</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ro4938581&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBallardKnoflachPrinssenBorroni2009" class="citation journal cs1">Ballard TM, Knoflach F, Prinssen E, Borroni E, Vivian JA, Basile J, et al. 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(February 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6619314">"Reducing GABAA α5 receptor-mediated inhibition rescues functional and neuromorphological deficits in a mouse model of down syndrome"</a>. <i>The Journal of Neuroscience</i>. <b>33</b> (9): 3953–66. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1523%2FJNEUROSCI.1203-12.2013">10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1203-12.2013</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6619314">6619314</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23447605">23447605</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Neuroscience&rft.atitle=Reducing+GABAA+%CE%B15+receptor-mediated+inhibition+rescues+functional+and+neuromorphological+deficits+in+a+mouse+model+of+down+syndrome&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=3953-66&rft.date=2013-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6619314%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23447605&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1523%2FJNEUROSCI.1203-12.2013&rft.aulast=Mart%C3%ADnez-Cu%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=C&rft.au=Mart%C3%ADnez%2C+P&rft.au=Rueda%2C+N&rft.au=Vidal%2C+R&rft.au=Garc%C3%ADa%2C+S&rft.au=Vidal%2C+V&rft.au=Corrales%2C+A&rft.au=Montero%2C+JA&rft.au=Pazos%2C+%C3%81&rft.au=Fl%C3%B3rez%2C+J&rft.au=Gasser%2C+R&rft.au=Thomas%2C+AW&rft.au=Honer%2C+M&rft.au=Knoflach%2C+F&rft.au=Trejo%2C+JL&rft.au=Wettstein%2C+JG&rft.au=Hern%C3%A1ndez%2C+MC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6619314&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARo4938581" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBreindl2019" class="citation web cs1">Breindl A (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bioworld.com/content/inhibiting-inhibition-treat-down-syndrome-symptoms-1">"Inhibiting Inhibition to Treat Down Syndrome Symptoms"</a>. <i>BioWorld</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BioWorld&rft.atitle=Inhibiting+Inhibition+to+Treat+Down+Syndrome+Symptoms&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=Breindl&rft.aufirst=Anette&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bioworld.com%2Fcontent%2Finhibiting-inhibition-treat-down-syndrome-symptoms-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARo4938581" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:GABA_receptor_modulators" title="Template:GABA receptor modulators"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:GABA_receptor_modulators" title="Template talk:GABA receptor modulators"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:GABA_receptor_modulators" title="Special:EditPage/Template:GABA receptor modulators"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="GABA_receptor_modulators" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/GABA_receptor" title="GABA receptor"><abbr title="γ-Aminobutyric acid">GABA</abbr> receptor</a> <a href="/wiki/Receptor_modulator" title="Receptor modulator">modulators</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Ionotropic_GABA_receptors" class="mw-redirect" title="Ionotropic GABA receptors">Ionotropic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/%CE%93-Aminobutyric_acid_A_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="Γ-Aminobutyric acid A receptor"><abbr title="γ-Aminobutyric acid A receptor">GABA<sub>A</sub></abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip γ-Aminobutyric acid A receptor</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Catechin" title="Catechin">(+)-Catechin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamaluzole" title="Bamaluzole">Bamaluzole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbiturate" title="Barbiturate">Barbiturates</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Phenobarbital" title="Phenobarbital">phenobarbital</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beta-Alanine" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta-Alanine">Beta-Alanine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BL-1020" title="BL-1020">BL-1020</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=5-Aminovaleric_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="5-Aminovaleric acid (page does not exist)">DAVA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dihydromuscimol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dihydromuscimol (page does not exist)">Dihydromuscimol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamma-Aminobutyric_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamma-Aminobutyric acid">GABA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabamide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gabamide (page does not exist)">Gabamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GABOB" class="mw-redirect" title="GABOB">GABOB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaboxadol" title="Gaboxadol">Gaboxadol (THIP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homotaurine" title="Homotaurine">Homotaurine (tramiprosate, 3-APS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibotenic_acid" title="Ibotenic acid">Ibotenic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iso-THAZ&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iso-THAZ (page does not exist)">iso-THAZ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iso-THIP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iso-THIP (page does not exist)">iso-THIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isoguvacine" title="Isoguvacine">Isoguvacine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isomuscimol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isomuscimol (page does not exist)">Isomuscimol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isonipecotic_acid" title="Isonipecotic acid">Isonipecotic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kojic_amine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kojic amine (page does not exist)">Kojic amine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L-838,417" title="L-838,417">L-838,417</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lignan" title="Lignan">Lignans</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Honokiol" title="Honokiol">honokiol</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylglyoxal" title="Methylglyoxal">Methylglyoxal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastrol" title="Monastrol">Monastrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscimol" title="Muscimol">Muscimol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nefiracetam" title="Nefiracetam">Nefiracetam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuroactive_steroid" class="mw-redirect" title="Neuroactive steroid">Neuroactive steroids</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Allopregnanolone" title="Allopregnanolone">allopregnanolone</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Org_20599" class="mw-redirect" title="Org 20599">Org 20599</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PF-6372865" class="mw-redirect" title="PF-6372865">PF-6372865</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenibut" title="Phenibut">Phenibut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picamilon" title="Picamilon">Picamilon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piperidine-4-sulfonic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Piperidine-4-sulfonic acid (page does not exist)">P4S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progabide" title="Progabide">Progabide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propofol" title="Propofol">Propofol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quisqualamine" title="Quisqualamine">Quisqualamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SL-75102" title="SL-75102">SL-75102</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taurine" title="Taurine">Taurine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trans-4-Aminocrotonic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trans-4-Aminocrotonic acid (page does not exist)">TACA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trans-2-(Aminomethyl)cyclopropanecarboxylic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trans-2-(Aminomethyl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid (page does not exist)">TAMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terpenoid" title="Terpenoid">Terpenoids</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Borneol" title="Borneol">borneol</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiomuscimol" title="Thiomuscimol">Thiomuscimol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolgabide" title="Tolgabide">Tolgabide</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=(Z)-3-((Aminoiminomethyl)thio)prop-2-enoic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="(Z)-3-((Aminoiminomethyl)thio)prop-2-enoic acid (page does not exist)">ZAPA</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Positive modulators (abridged; see <a href="/wiki/Template:GABAAR_PAMs" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:GABAAR PAMs">here</a> for a full list):</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%91-Ethyl-%CE%B1-methylthiobutyrolactone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Α-Ethyl-α-methylthiobutyrolactone (page does not exist)">α-EMTBL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_(chemistry)" title="Alcohol (chemistry)">Alcohols</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_(drug)" title="Alcohol (drug)">drinking alcohol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tert-Amyl_alcohol" title="Tert-Amyl alcohol">2M2B</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anabolic_steroid" title="Anabolic steroid">Anabolic steroids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avermectin" title="Avermectin">Avermectins</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Ivermectin" title="Ivermectin">ivermectin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbiturate" title="Barbiturate">Barbiturates</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Phenobarbital" title="Phenobarbital">phenobarbital</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzodiazepine" title="Benzodiazepine">Benzodiazepines</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Diazepam" title="Diazepam">diazepam</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bromide" title="Bromide">Bromide</a> compounds (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Potassium_bromide" title="Potassium bromide">potassium bromide</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbamate" title="Carbamate">Carbamates</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Meprobamate" title="Meprobamate">meprobamate</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbamazepine" title="Carbamazepine">Carbamazepine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chloralose" title="Chloralose">Chloralose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlormezanone" title="Chlormezanone">Chlormezanone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clomethiazole" title="Clomethiazole">Clomethiazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dihydroergoline" class="mw-redirect" title="Dihydroergoline">Dihydroergolines</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Ergoloid" title="Ergoloid">ergoloid (dihydroergotoxine)</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etazepine" title="Etazepine">Etazepine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etifoxine" title="Etifoxine">Etifoxine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenamate" class="mw-redirect" title="Fenamate">Fenamates</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Mefenamic_acid" title="Mefenamic acid">mefenamic acid</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flavonoid" title="Flavonoid">Flavonoids</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Apigenin" title="Apigenin">apigenin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hispidulin" title="Hispidulin">hispidulin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluoxetine" title="Fluoxetine">Fluoxetine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flupirtine" title="Flupirtine">Flupirtine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imidazole" title="Imidazole">Imidazoles</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Etomidate" title="Etomidate">etomidate</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kava" title="Kava">Kava</a> constituents (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Kavain" title="Kavain">kavain</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum" title="Lanthanum">Lanthanum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loreclezole" title="Loreclezole">Loreclezole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastrol" title="Monastrol">Monastrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuroactive_steroid" class="mw-redirect" title="Neuroactive steroid">Neuroactive steroids</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Allopregnanolone" title="Allopregnanolone">allopregnanolone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cholesterol" title="Cholesterol">cholesterol</a>, <a href="/wiki/THDOC" class="mw-redirect" title="THDOC">THDOC</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niacin_(substance)" class="mw-redirect" title="Niacin (substance)">Niacin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niacinamide" class="mw-redirect" title="Niacinamide">Niacinamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonbenzodiazepine" title="Nonbenzodiazepine">Nonbenzodiazepines</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/%CE%92-carboline" class="mw-redirect" title="Β-carboline">β-carbolines</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Abecarnil" title="Abecarnil">abecarnil</a>), <a href="/wiki/Cyclopyrrolone" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyclopyrrolone">cyclopyrrolones</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Zopiclone" title="Zopiclone">zopiclone</a>), <a href="/wiki/Imidazopyridine" title="Imidazopyridine">imidazopyridines</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Zolpidem" title="Zolpidem">zolpidem</a>), <a href="/wiki/Pyrazolopyrimidine" title="Pyrazolopyrimidine">pyrazolopyrimidines</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Zaleplon" title="Zaleplon">zaleplon</a>))</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfluoxetine" class="mw-redirect" title="Norfluoxetine">Norfluoxetine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrichloral" title="Petrichloral">Petrichloral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenol" title="Phenol">Phenols</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Propofol" title="Propofol">propofol</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenytoin" title="Phenytoin">Phenytoin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piperidinedione" class="mw-redirect" title="Piperidinedione">Piperidinediones</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Glutethimide" title="Glutethimide">glutethimide</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propanidid" title="Propanidid">Propanidid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrazolopyridine" class="mw-redirect" title="Pyrazolopyridine">Pyrazolopyridines</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Etazolate" title="Etazolate">etazolate</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinazolinone" title="Quinazolinone">Quinazolinones</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Methaqualone" title="Methaqualone">methaqualone</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retigabine" title="Retigabine">Retigabine (ezogabine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ROD-188" title="ROD-188">ROD-188</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scutellaria" title="Scutellaria">Skullcap</a> constituents (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Baicalin" title="Baicalin">baicalin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stiripentol" title="Stiripentol">Stiripentol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sulfonylalkane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sulfonylalkane (page does not exist)">Sulfonylalkanes</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Sulfonmethane" title="Sulfonmethane">sulfonmethane (sulfonal)</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topiramate" title="Topiramate">Topiramate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valerian_(herb)" title="Valerian (herb)">Valerian</a> constituents (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Valerenic_acid" title="Valerenic acid">valerenic acid</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volatility_(chemistry)" title="Volatility (chemistry)">Volatiles</a>/<a href="/wiki/Gas" title="Gas">gases</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Chloral_hydrate" title="Chloral hydrate">chloral hydrate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chloroform" title="Chloroform">chloroform</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diethyl_ether" title="Diethyl ether">diethyl ether</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paraldehyde" title="Paraldehyde">paraldehyde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sevoflurane" title="Sevoflurane">sevoflurane</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antagonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Bicuculline" title="Bicuculline">Bicuculline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coriamyrtin" title="Coriamyrtin">Coriamyrtin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dihydrosecurinine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dihydrosecurinine (page does not exist)">Dihydrosecurinine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Famiraprinium" title="Famiraprinium">Famiraprinium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabazine" title="Gabazine">Gabazine (SR-95531)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrastine" title="Hydrastine">Hydrastine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyenanchin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hyenanchin (page does not exist)">Hyenachin (mellitoxin)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PHP-501&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PHP-501 (page does not exist)">PHP-501</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitrazepin" title="Pitrazepin">Pitrazepin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Securinine" title="Securinine">Securinine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinomenine" title="Sinomenine">Sinomenine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SR-42641&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SR-42641 (page does not exist)">SR-42641</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiocolchicoside" title="Thiocolchicoside">Thiocolchicoside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutin_(toxin)" title="Tutin (toxin)">Tutin</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Negative modulators:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=5-Ethyl-5-(1,3-dimethylbut-1%27-enyl)barbituric_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="5-Ethyl-5-(1,3-dimethylbut-1'-enyl)barbituric acid (page does not exist)">1,3M1B</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=5-Ethyl-5-(3-methylbut-2%27-enyl)barbituric_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="5-Ethyl-5-(3-methylbut-2'-enyl)barbituric acid (page does not exist)">3M2B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11-Ketoprogesterone" title="11-Ketoprogesterone">11-Ketoprogesterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17-Phenylandrostenol" title="17-Phenylandrostenol">17-Phenylandrostenol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%913IA" title="Α3IA">α3IA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%915IA" title="Α5IA">α5IA (LS-193,268)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Butyl_%CE%B2-carboline-3-carboxylate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Butyl β-carboline-3-carboxylate (page does not exist)">β-CCB</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethyl_%CE%B2-carboline-3-carboxylate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ethyl β-carboline-3-carboxylate (page does not exist)">β-CCE</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Methyl_%CE%B2-carboline-3-carboxylate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Methyl β-carboline-3-carboxylate (page does not exist)">β-CCM</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Propyl_%CE%B2-carboline-3-carboxylate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Propyl β-carboline-3-carboxylate (page does not exist)">β-CCP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%92-Ethyl-%CE%B2-methyl-%CE%B3-butyrolactone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Β-Ethyl-β-methyl-γ-butyrolactone (page does not exist)">β-EMGBL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anabolic_steroid" title="Anabolic steroid">Anabolic steroids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiloride" title="Amiloride">Amiloride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anisatin" title="Anisatin">Anisatin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%92-Lactam" title="Β-Lactam">β-Lactams</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Penicillin" title="Penicillin">penicillins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cephalosporin" title="Cephalosporin">cephalosporins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carbapenem" title="Carbapenem">carbapenems</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basmisanil" title="Basmisanil">Basmisanil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bemegride" title="Bemegride">Bemegride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicyclic_phosphate" title="Bicyclic phosphate">Bicyclic phosphates</a> (<a href="/wiki/TBPS" title="TBPS">TBPS</a>, <a href="/wiki/TBPO" title="TBPO">TBPO</a>, <a href="/wiki/IPTBO" title="IPTBO">IPTBO</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BIDN" title="BIDN">BIDN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilobalide" title="Bilobalide">Bilobalide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bupropion" title="Bupropion">Bupropion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5-(2-Cyclohexylideneethyl)-5-ethylbarbituric_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="5-(2-Cyclohexylideneethyl)-5-ethylbarbituric acid">CHEB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorophenylsilatrane" title="Chlorophenylsilatrane">Chlorophenylsilatrane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cicutoxin" title="Cicutoxin">Cicutoxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloflubicyne" title="Cloflubicyne">Cloflubicyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclothiazide" title="Cyclothiazide">Cyclothiazide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehydroepiandrosterone" title="Dehydroepiandrosterone">DHEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehydroepiandrosterone_sulfate" title="Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate">DHEA-S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dieldrin" title="Dieldrin">Dieldrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(%2B)-5-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-5-ethylbarbituric_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="(+)-5-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-5-ethylbarbituric acid">(+)-DMBB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DMCM" title="DMCM">DMCM</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=5,7-Dihydroxy-6-methoxy-2(4-phenoxyphenyl)-4H-chromene-4-one&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="5,7-Dihydroxy-6-methoxy-2(4-phenoxyphenyl)-4H-chromene-4-one (page does not exist)">DMPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EBOB" title="EBOB">EBOB</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etbicyphat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etbicyphat (page does not exist)">Etbicyphat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FG-7142" title="FG-7142">FG-7142 (ZK-31906)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fiprole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fiprole (page does not exist)">Fiproles</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Fipronil" title="Fipronil">fipronil</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flavonoid" title="Flavonoid">Flavonoids</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Amentoflavone" title="Amentoflavone">amentoflavone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oroxylin_A" title="Oroxylin A">oroxylin A</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flumazenil" title="Flumazenil">Flumazenil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluoroquinolone" class="mw-redirect" title="Fluoroquinolone">Fluoroquinolones</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Ciprofloxacin" title="Ciprofloxacin">ciprofloxacin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flurothyl" title="Flurothyl">Flurothyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Furosemide" title="Furosemide">Furosemide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golexanolone" title="Golexanolone">Golexanolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iomazenil_(123I)" class="mw-redirect" title="Iomazenil (123I)">Iomazenil (<sup>123</sup>I)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPTBO" title="IPTBO">IPTBO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isopregnanolone" title="Isopregnanolone">Isopregnanolone (sepranolone)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L-655,708" title="L-655,708">L-655,708</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laudanosine" title="Laudanosine">Laudanosine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindane" title="Lindane">Lindane</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MaxiPost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MaxiPost (page does not exist)">MaxiPost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morphine" title="Morphine">Morphine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morphine-3-glucuronide" title="Morphine-3-glucuronide">Morphine-3-glucuronide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MRK-016" title="MRK-016">MRK-016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naloxone" title="Naloxone">Naloxone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naltrexone" title="Naltrexone">Naltrexone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicardipine" title="Nicardipine">Nicardipine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonsteroidal_antiandrogen" title="Nonsteroidal antiandrogen">Nonsteroidal antiandrogens</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Apalutamide" title="Apalutamide">apalutamide</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bicalutamide" title="Bicalutamide">bicalutamide</a>, <a href="/wiki/Enzalutamide" title="Enzalutamide">enzalutamide</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flutamide" title="Flutamide">flutamide</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nilutamide" title="Nilutamide">nilutamide</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oenanthotoxin" title="Oenanthotoxin">Oenanthotoxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentylenetetrazol" title="Pentylenetetrazol">Pentylenetetrazol (pentetrazol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenylsilatrane" title="Phenylsilatrane">Phenylsilatrane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picrotoxin" title="Picrotoxin">Picrotoxin</a> (i.e., <a href="/wiki/Picrotin" class="mw-redirect" title="Picrotin">picrotin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Picrotoxinin" class="mw-redirect" title="Picrotoxinin">picrotoxinin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dihydropicrotoxinin" title="Dihydropicrotoxinin">dihydropicrotoxinin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnenolone_sulfate" title="Pregnenolone sulfate">Pregnenolone sulfate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Propybicyphat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Propybicyphat (page does not exist)">Propybicyphat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PWZ-029" title="PWZ-029">PWZ-029</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radequinil" title="Radequinil">Radequinil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ro_15-4513" class="mw-redirect" title="Ro 15-4513">Ro 15-4513</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ro_19-4603" title="Ro 19-4603">Ro 19-4603</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RO4882224&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RO4882224 (page does not exist)">RO4882224</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RO4938581" class="mw-redirect" title="RO4938581">RO4938581</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarmazenil" title="Sarmazenil">Sarmazenil</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salicylidene_salicylhydrazide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salicylidene salicylhydrazide (page does not exist)">SCS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suritozole" title="Suritozole">Suritozole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TB-21007" title="TB-21007">TB-21007</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=T-Butylbicycloorthobenzoate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="T-Butylbicycloorthobenzoate (page does not exist)">TBOB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TBPS" title="TBPS">TBPS</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=TCS-1105&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TCS-1105 (page does not exist)">TCS-1105</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terbequinil" title="Terbequinil">Terbequinil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetramethylenedisulfotetramine" title="Tetramethylenedisulfotetramine">TETS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thujone" title="Thujone">Thujone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U-93631" title="U-93631">U-93631</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">Zinc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZK-93426" title="ZK-93426">ZK-93426</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/%CE%93-Aminobutyric_acid_A-rho_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="Γ-Aminobutyric acid A-rho receptor"><abbr title="γ-Aminobutyric acid A-rho receptor">GABA<sub>A</sub>-ρ</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip γ-Aminobutyric acid A-rho receptor</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/BL-1020" title="BL-1020">BL-1020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(Z)-4-Amino-2-butenoic_acid" title="(Z)-4-Amino-2-butenoic acid">CACA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(%2B)-cis-2-Aminomethylcyclopropane_carboxylic_acid" title="(+)-cis-2-Aminomethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid">CAMP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homohypotaurine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homohypotaurine (page does not exist)">Homohypotaurine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamma-Aminobutyric_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamma-Aminobutyric acid">GABA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GABOB" class="mw-redirect" title="GABOB">GABOB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibotenic_acid" title="Ibotenic acid">Ibotenic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isoguvacine" title="Isoguvacine">Isoguvacine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscimol" title="Muscimol">Muscimol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N4-Chloroacetylcytosine_arabinoside" title="N4-Chloroacetylcytosine arabinoside"><i>N</i><sup>4</sup>-Chloroacetylcytosine arabinoside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picamilon" title="Picamilon">Picamilon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progabide" title="Progabide">Progabide</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trans-4-Aminocrotonic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trans-4-Aminocrotonic acid (page does not exist)">TACA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trans-2-(Aminomethyl)cyclopropanecarboxylic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trans-2-(Aminomethyl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid (page does not exist)">TAMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiomuscimol" title="Thiomuscimol">Thiomuscimol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolgabide" title="Tolgabide">Tolgabide</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Positive modulators:</i> <a href="/wiki/Allopregnanolone" title="Allopregnanolone">Allopregnanolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphaxolone" class="mw-redirect" title="Alphaxolone">Alphaxolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allotetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone" class="mw-redirect" title="Allotetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone">ATHDOC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanthanide" title="Lanthanide">Lanthanides</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antagonists:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=(S)-4-Amino-2-methylbutanoic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="(S)-4-Amino-2-methylbutanoic acid (page does not exist)">(S)-2-MeGABA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=(S)-(4-Aminocyclopent-1-enyl)butylphosphinic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="(S)-(4-Aminocyclopent-1-enyl)butylphosphinic acid (page does not exist)">(S)-4-ACPBPA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=(S)-4-Aminocyclopent-1-ene-1-carboxylic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="(S)-4-Aminocyclopent-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid (page does not exist)">(S)-4-ACPCA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trans-4-Amino-2-methylbut-2-enoic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trans-4-Amino-2-methylbut-2-enoic acid (page does not exist)">2-MeTACA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=3-Aminopropyl(methyl)phosphinic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3-Aminopropyl(methyl)phosphinic acid (page does not exist)">3-APMPA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=4-Aminocyclopent-1-enecarboxamide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="4-Aminocyclopent-1-enecarboxamide (page does not exist)">4-ACPAM</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=4-Guanidinobutanoic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="4-Guanidinobutanoic acid (page does not exist)">4-GBA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cis-(3-Aminocyclopentyl)butylphosphinic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cis-(3-Aminocyclopentyl)butylphosphinic acid (page does not exist)"><i>cis</i>-3-ACPBPA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CGP-36742&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CGP-36742 (page does not exist)">CGP-36742 (SGS-742)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=5-Aminovaleric_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="5-Aminovaleric acid (page does not exist)">DAVA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabazine" title="Gabazine">Gabazine (SR-95531)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaboxadol" title="Gaboxadol">Gaboxadol (THIP)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Imidazole-4-acetic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Imidazole-4-acetic acid (page does not exist)">I4AA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isonipecotic_acid" title="Isonipecotic acid">Isonipecotic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loreclezole" title="Loreclezole">Loreclezole</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=4-(Piperidin-4-yl)methylphosphinic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="4-(Piperidin-4-yl)methylphosphinic acid (page does not exist)">P4MPA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piperidine-4-sulfonic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Piperidine-4-sulfonic acid (page does not exist)">P4S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SKF-97541" class="mw-redirect" title="SKF-97541">SKF-97541</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SR-95318&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SR-95318 (page does not exist)">SR-95318</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SR-95813&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SR-95813 (page does not exist)">SR-95813</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(1,2,5,6-Tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)methylphosphinic_acid" title="(1,2,5,6-Tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)methylphosphinic acid">TPMPA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trans-(3-Aminocyclopentyl)butylphosphinic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trans-(3-Aminocyclopentyl)butylphosphinic acid (page does not exist)"><i>trans</i>-3-ACPBPA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=(Z)-3-((Aminoiminomethyl)thio)prop-2-enoic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="(Z)-3-((Aminoiminomethyl)thio)prop-2-enoic acid (page does not exist)">ZAPA</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Negative modulators:</i> <a href="/wiki/5%CE%B1-Dihydroprogesterone" title="5α-Dihydroprogesterone">5α-Dihydroprogesterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilobalide" title="Bilobalide">Bilobalide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loreclezole" title="Loreclezole">Loreclezole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picrotoxin" title="Picrotoxin">Picrotoxin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Picrotin" class="mw-redirect" title="Picrotin">picrotin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Picrotoxinin" class="mw-redirect" title="Picrotoxinin">picrotoxinin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnanolone" title="Pregnanolone">Pregnanolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ROD-188" title="ROD-188">ROD-188</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone" title="Tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone">THDOC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">Zinc</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Metabotropic" class="mw-redirect" title="Metabotropic">Metabotropic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="GABABTooltip_γ-Aminobutyric_acid_B_receptor" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%CE%93-Aminobutyric_acid_B_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="Γ-Aminobutyric acid B receptor"><abbr title="γ-Aminobutyric acid B receptor">GABA<sub>B</sub></abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip γ-Aminobutyric acid B receptor</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/1,4-Butanediol" title="1,4-Butanediol">1,4-Butanediol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3-APPA" title="3-APPA">3-APPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Fluorophenibut" title="4-Fluorophenibut">4-Fluorophenibut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aceburic_acid" title="Aceburic acid">Aceburic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arbaclofen" class="mw-redirect" title="Arbaclofen">Arbaclofen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arbaclofen_placarbil" title="Arbaclofen placarbil">Arbaclofen placarbil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baclofen" title="Baclofen">Baclofen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BL-1020" title="BL-1020">BL-1020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamma-Aminobutyric_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamma-Aminobutyric acid">GABA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabamide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gabamide (page does not exist)">Gabamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GABOB" class="mw-redirect" title="GABOB">GABOB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamma-Butyrolactone" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamma-Butyrolactone">GBL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamma-Hydroxybutyric_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid">GHB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%93-Hydroxybutaldehyde" class="mw-redirect" title="Γ-Hydroxybutaldehyde">GHBAL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamma-Hydroxyvaleric_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamma-Hydroxyvaleric acid">GHV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamma-Valerolactone" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamma-Valerolactone">GVL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isovaline" title="Isovaline">Isovaline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesogaberan" title="Lesogaberan">Lesogaberan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenibut" title="Phenibut">Phenibut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picamilon" title="Picamilon">Picamilon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progabide" title="Progabide">Progabide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_oxybate" title="Sodium oxybate">Sodium oxybate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SKF-97,541" title="SKF-97,541">SKF-97,541</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SL_75102" class="mw-redirect" title="SL 75102">SL 75102</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolgabide" title="Tolgabide">Tolgabide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolibut" title="Tolibut">Tolibut</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Positive modulators:</i> <a href="/wiki/ADX-71441" title="ADX-71441">ADX-71441</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BHF-177" title="BHF-177">BHF-177</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BHFF" title="BHFF">BHFF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSPP_(drug)" title="BSPP (drug)">BSPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CGP-7930" title="CGP-7930">CGP-7930</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CGP-13501&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CGP-13501 (page does not exist)">CGP-13501</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GS-39783" title="GS-39783">GS-39783</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rac-BHFF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rac-BHFF (page does not exist)">rac-BHFF</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=KK-92A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KK-92A (page does not exist)">KK-92A</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antagonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/2-Hydroxysaclofen" title="2-Hydroxysaclofen">2-Hydroxysaclofen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CGP-35348" title="CGP-35348">CGP-35348</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CGP-46381&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CGP-46381 (page does not exist)">CGP-46381</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CGP-52432&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CGP-52432 (page does not exist)">CGP-52432</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CGP-54626&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CGP-54626 (page does not exist)">CGP-54626</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CGP-55845&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CGP-55845 (page does not exist)">CGP-55845</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CGP-64213&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CGP-64213 (page does not exist)">CGP-64213</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=5-Aminovaleric_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="5-Aminovaleric acid (page does not exist)">DAVA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homotaurine" title="Homotaurine">Homotaurine (tramiprosate, 3-APS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phaclofen" title="Phaclofen">Phaclofen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saclofen" title="Saclofen">Saclofen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCH-50911" title="SCH-50911">SCH-50911</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SKF-97541" class="mw-redirect" title="SKF-97541">SKF-97541</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Negative modulators:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Compound_14&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Compound 14 (page does not exist)">Compound 14</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Template:Receptor_modulators" title="Template:Receptor modulators">Receptor/signaling modulators</a> </i></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Template:GABAA_receptor_positive_modulators" title="Template:GABAA receptor positive modulators">GABA<sub>A</sub> receptor positive modulators</a> </i></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Template:GABA_metabolism_and_transport_modulators" title="Template:GABA metabolism and transport modulators">GABA metabolism/transport modulators</a> </i></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Benzodiazepines" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Benzodiazepines" title="Template:Benzodiazepines"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Benzodiazepines" title="Template talk:Benzodiazepines"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Benzodiazepines" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Benzodiazepines"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Benzodiazepines" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Benzodiazepine" title="Benzodiazepine">Benzodiazepines</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1,4-Benzodiazepines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2-Oxoquazepam" title="2-Oxoquazepam">2-Oxoquazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3-Hydroxyphenazepam" title="3-Hydroxyphenazepam">3-Hydroxyphenazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bromazepam" title="Bromazepam">Bromazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMS-906024" title="BMS-906024">BMS-906024</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camazepam" title="Camazepam">Camazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carburazepam" title="Carburazepam">Carburazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlordiazepoxide" title="Chlordiazepoxide">Chlordiazepoxide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinazepam" title="Cinazepam">Cinazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinolazepam" title="Cinolazepam">Cinolazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clonazepam" title="Clonazepam">Clonazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloniprazepam" title="Cloniprazepam">Cloniprazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clorazepate" title="Clorazepate">Clorazepate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprazepam" title="Cyprazepam">Cyprazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delorazepam" title="Delorazepam">Delorazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demoxepam" title="Demoxepam">Demoxepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desmethylflunitrazepam" title="Desmethylflunitrazepam">Desmethylflunitrazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devazepide" title="Devazepide">Devazepide</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diazepam" title="Diazepam">Diazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diclazepam" title="Diclazepam">Diclazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Difludiazepam" title="Difludiazepam">Difludiazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doxefazepam" title="Doxefazepam">Doxefazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elfazepam" title="Elfazepam">Elfazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethyl_carfluzepate" title="Ethyl carfluzepate">Ethyl carfluzepate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethyl_dirazepate" title="Ethyl dirazepate">Ethyl dirazepate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethyl_loflazepate" title="Ethyl loflazepate">Ethyl loflazepate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flubromazepam" title="Flubromazepam">Flubromazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fletazepam" title="Fletazepam">Fletazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fludiazepam" title="Fludiazepam">Fludiazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flunitrazepam" title="Flunitrazepam">Flunitrazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flurazepam" title="Flurazepam">Flurazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flutemazepam" title="Flutemazepam">Flutemazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flutoprazepam" title="Flutoprazepam">Flutoprazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fosazepam" title="Fosazepam">Fosazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gidazepam" title="Gidazepam">Gidazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halazepam" title="Halazepam">Halazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iclazepam" title="Iclazepam">Iclazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irazepine" title="Irazepine">Irazepine</a>*</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kenazepine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kenazepine (page does not exist)">Kenazepine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketazolam" title="Ketazolam">Ketazolam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorazepam" title="Lorazepam">Lorazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lormetazepam" title="Lormetazepam">Lormetazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lufuradom" title="Lufuradom">Lufuradom</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meclonazepam" title="Meclonazepam">Meclonazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medazepam" title="Medazepam">Medazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menitrazepam" title="Menitrazepam">Menitrazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaclazepam" title="Metaclazepam">Metaclazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motrazepam" title="Motrazepam">Motrazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-Desalkylflurazepam" title="N-Desalkylflurazepam"><i>N</i>-Desalkylflurazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nifoxipam" title="Nifoxipam">Nifoxipam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimetazepam" title="Nimetazepam">Nimetazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitemazepam" title="Nitemazepam">Nitemazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrazepam" title="Nitrazepam">Nitrazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrazepate" title="Nitrazepate">Nitrazepate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordazepam" title="Nordazepam">Nordazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nortetrazepam" title="Nortetrazepam">Nortetrazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxazepam" title="Oxazepam">Oxazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenazepam" title="Phenazepam">Phenazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinazepam" title="Pinazepam">Pinazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pivoxazepam" title="Pivoxazepam">Pivoxazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prazepam" title="Prazepam">Prazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proflazepam" title="Proflazepam">Proflazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quazepam" title="Quazepam">Quazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QH-II-66" title="QH-II-66">QH-II-66</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reclazepam" title="Reclazepam">Reclazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RO4491533" title="RO4491533">RO4491533</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ro05-4082" title="Ro05-4082">Ro05-4082</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ro5-4864" title="Ro5-4864">Ro5-4864</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ro07-5220" title="Ro07-5220">Ro07-5220</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ro07-9749" title="Ro07-9749">Ro07-9749</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ro20-8065" title="Ro20-8065">Ro20-8065</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ro20-8552" title="Ro20-8552">Ro20-8552</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SH-I-048A" title="SH-I-048A">SH-I-048A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulazepam" title="Sulazepam">Sulazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temazepam" title="Temazepam">Temazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrazepam" title="Tetrazepam">Tetrazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tifluadom" title="Tifluadom">Tifluadom</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timelotem" title="Timelotem">Timelotem</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolufazepam" class="mw-redirect" title="Tolufazepam">Tolufazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triflunordazepam" title="Triflunordazepam">Triflunordazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuclazepam" title="Tuclazepam">Tuclazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uldazepam" title="Uldazepam">Uldazepam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1,5-Benzodiazepines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arfendazam" title="Arfendazam">Arfendazam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clobazam" title="Clobazam">Clobazam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CP-1414S" title="CP-1414S">CP-1414S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lofendazam" title="Lofendazam">Lofendazam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triflubazam" title="Triflubazam">Triflubazam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2,3-Benzodiazepines*</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Girisopam" title="Girisopam">Girisopam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GYKI-52,466" class="mw-redirect" title="GYKI-52,466">GYKI-52466</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GYKI-52895" class="mw-redirect" title="GYKI-52895">GYKI-52895</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerisopam" title="Nerisopam">Nerisopam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talampanel" title="Talampanel">Talampanel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tofisopam" title="Tofisopam">Tofisopam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Triazolobenzodiazepine" title="Triazolobenzodiazepine">Triazolobenzodiazepines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adinazolam" title="Adinazolam">Adinazolam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alprazolam" title="Alprazolam">Alprazolam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balovaptan" title="Balovaptan">Balovaptan</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bromazolam" title="Bromazolam">Bromazolam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clonazolam" title="Clonazolam">Clonazolam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estazolam" title="Estazolam">Estazolam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluadinazolam" title="Fluadinazolam">Fluadinazolam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flualprazolam" title="Flualprazolam">Flualprazolam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flubromazolam" title="Flubromazolam">Flubromazolam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flunitrazolam" title="Flunitrazolam">Flunitrazolam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrazolam" title="Nitrazolam">Nitrazolam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenazolam" title="Phenazolam">Phenazolam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrazolam" title="Pyrazolam">Pyrazolam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rilmazolam" title="Rilmazolam">Rilmazolam</a> (active metabolite of <a href="/wiki/Rilmazafone" title="Rilmazafone">Rilmazafone</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triazolam" title="Triazolam">Triazolam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Imidazobenzodiazepines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bretazenil" title="Bretazenil">Bretazenil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climazolam" title="Climazolam">Climazolam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EVT-201" class="mw-redirect" title="EVT-201">EVT-201</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FG-8205" title="FG-8205">FG-8205</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flumazenil" title="Flumazenil">Flumazenil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GL-II-73" title="GL-II-73">GL-II-73</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imidazenil" title="Imidazenil">Imidazenil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iomazenil" title="Iomazenil"><sup>123</sup>I-Iomazenil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L-655,708" title="L-655,708">L-655,708</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loprazolam" title="Loprazolam">Loprazolam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midazolam" title="Midazolam">Midazolam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PWZ-029" title="PWZ-029">PWZ-029</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remimazolam" title="Remimazolam">Remimazolam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ro15-4513" title="Ro15-4513">Ro15-4513</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ro48-6791" title="Ro48-6791">Ro48-6791</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ro48-8684" title="Ro48-8684">Ro48-8684</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ro4938581</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarmazenil" title="Sarmazenil">Sarmazenil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SH-053-R-CH3-2%E2%80%B2F" title="SH-053-R-CH3-2′F">SH-053-R-CH3-2′F</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oxazolobenzodiazepines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cloxazolam" title="Cloxazolam">Cloxazolam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flutazolam" title="Flutazolam">Flutazolam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haloxazolam" title="Haloxazolam">Haloxazolam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexazolam" title="Mexazolam">Mexazolam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxazolam" title="Oxazolam">Oxazolam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Thienodiazepine" title="Thienodiazepine">Thienodiazepines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bentazepam" title="Bentazepam">Bentazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clotiazepam" title="Clotiazepam">Clotiazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ro09-9212" title="Ro09-9212">Ro09-9212</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Thienotriazolodiazepine" title="Thienotriazolodiazepine">Thienotriazolodiazepines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpha-Hydroxyetizolam" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha-Hydroxyetizolam">α-Hydroxyetizolam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apafant" title="Apafant">Apafant</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brotizolam" title="Brotizolam">Brotizolam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciclotizolam" title="Ciclotizolam">Ciclotizolam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clotizolam" title="Clotizolam">Clotizolam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deschloroclotizolam" title="Deschloroclotizolam">Deschloroclotizolam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deschloroetizolam" title="Deschloroetizolam">Deschloroetizolam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etizolam" title="Etizolam">Etizolam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flubrotizolam" title="Flubrotizolam">Flubrotizolam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluclotizolam" title="Fluclotizolam">Fluclotizolam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluetizolam" title="Fluetizolam">Fluetizolam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israpafant" title="Israpafant">Israpafant</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/JQ1" title="JQ1">JQ1</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metizolam" title="Metizolam">Metizolam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Thienobenzodiazepine" title="Thienobenzodiazepine">Thienobenzodiazepines</a>*</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olanzapine" title="Olanzapine">Olanzapine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telenzepine" title="Telenzepine">Telenzepine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pyridodiazepines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lopirazepam" title="Lopirazepam">Lopirazepam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pyridotriazolodiazepine" class="mw-redirect" title="Pyridotriazolodiazepine">Pyridotriazolodiazepines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zapizolam" title="Zapizolam">Zapizolam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pyrazolodiazepines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Razobazam" title="Razobazam">Razobazam</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ripazepam" title="Ripazepam">Ripazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zolazepam" title="Zolazepam">Zolazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zomebazam" title="Zomebazam">Zomebazam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zometapine" title="Zometapine">Zometapine</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pyrrolodiazepines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Premazepam" title="Premazepam">Premazepam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tetrahydroisoquinobenzodiazepines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clazolam" title="Clazolam">Clazolam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pyrrolobenzodiazepine" title="Pyrrolobenzodiazepine">Pyrrolobenzodiazepines</a>*</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthramycin" title="Anthramycin">Anthramycin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Benzodiazepine prodrugs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alprazolam_triazolobenzophenone" title="Alprazolam triazolobenzophenone">Alprazolam triazolobenzophenone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avizafone" title="Avizafone">Avizafone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rilmazafone" title="Rilmazafone">Rilmazafone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">* atypical activity profile (not <a href="/wiki/GABAA_receptor" title="GABAA receptor">GABA<sub>A</sub> receptor</a> ligands)</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1012311289">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox 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