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malw"> <p><a href="https://masslawyersweekly.com/author/erictberkman/"><b>Eric T. Berkman</b></a><span>//</span>November 15, 2024<span>//</span><b><span class="bsf-rt-reading-time"><span class="bsf-rt-display-label" prefix=""> </span> <span class="bsf-rt-display-time" reading_time="6"></span> <span class="bsf-rt-display-postfix" postfix="Minute Read"></span></span></b></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-detail-page container">  <div class="row">  <div class="col-sm-9"> <div class="newsdetail-wrapper"> <div class="breadcrumb"> <a href="/">Home</a><span>></span><a href="https://masslawyersweekly.com/category/editors-picks/">Editor's Picks</a><span>></span><p>School district’s denial of tenure violated parental leave statute</p> </div> <div class="slideshow desktop-show"> <div class="news-image"> </div> </div> <h1 class="news-page-header">School district’s denial of tenure violated parental leave statute </h1> <p class="subtitle-text desktop-show" style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 26px;">Teacher wrongly required to work full fourth year for ‘professional status’ </p> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-9 news-publish-info malw"> <p><a href="https://masslawyersweekly.com/author/erictberkman/"><b>Eric T. Berkman</b></a><span>//</span>November 15, 2024<span>//</span><b><span class="bsf-rt-reading-time"><span class="bsf-rt-display-label" prefix=""> </span> <span class="bsf-rt-display-time" reading_time="6"></span> <span class="bsf-rt-display-postfix" postfix="Minute Read"></span></span></b></p> </div> <div class="col-sm-3 social-share-links"> <meta property='og:title' content='School district’s denial of tenure violated parental leave statute'/> <meta property='og:image' content='https://masslawyersweekly.com/files/2024/11/OConnor_Daniel-S.png'/>  <meta property='og:url' content='https%3A%2F%2Fmasslawyersweekly.com%2F2024%2F11%2F15%2Fschool-districts-denial-of-tenure-violated-parental-leave-statute%2F' /> <ul class="social-share-links"><li><a class="twitter" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=School district’s denial of tenure violated parental leave statute&url=https%3A%2F%2Fmasslawyersweekly.com%2F2024%2F11%2F15%2Fschool-districts-denial-of-tenure-violated-parental-leave-statute%2F" target="_blank"><img src="https://masslawyersweekly.com/wp-content/themes/hello-elementor/images/twitter.svg" alt="twitter"></a></li><li><a class="facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https://masslawyersweekly.com/2024/11/15/school-districts-denial-of-tenure-violated-parental-leave-statute/&t=School district’s denial of tenure violated parental leave statute" target="_blank"><img src="https://masslawyersweekly.com/wp-content/themes/hello-elementor/images/facebook.svg" alt="facebook"></a></li><li><a class="linkedin" href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https://masslawyersweekly.com/2024/11/15/school-districts-denial-of-tenure-violated-parental-leave-statute/&title=School district’s denial of tenure violated parental leave statute" target="_blank"><img src="https://masslawyersweekly.com/wp-content/themes/hello-elementor/images/linkedin.svg" alt="linkedin"></a></li><li><a class="crunchify-link crunchify-pinterest" href="https://pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmasslawyersweekly.com%2F2024%2F11%2F15%2Fschool-districts-denial-of-tenure-violated-parental-leave-statute%2F&media=https://masslawyersweekly.com/files/2024/11/OConnor_Daniel-S.png&description=School%20district’s%20denial%20of%20tenure%20violated%20parental%20leave%20statute" data-pin-custom="true" target="_blank"><img src="https://masslawyersweekly.com/wp-content/themes/hello-elementor/images/pinterest.svg" alt="pinterest"></a></li><li><a class="email" href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#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" title="Share by Email"><img src="https://masslawyersweekly.com/wp-content/themes/hello-elementor/images/email.svg" alt="email"></a></li></ul> </div> </div> <div class="news-detail"><div id="bsf_rt_marker"></div><figure id="attachment_506894" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-506894" style="width: 230px" class="wp-caption alignright"><img decoding="async" class=" wp-image-506894" src="https://masslawyersweekly.com/files/2024/11/OConnor_Daniel-S.png" alt="Daniel S. O'Connor" width="230" height="123" srcset="https://masslawyersweekly.com/files/2024/11/OConnor_Daniel-S.png 1000w, https://masslawyersweekly.com/files/2024/11/OConnor_Daniel-S-150x80.png 150w, https://masslawyersweekly.com/files/2024/11/OConnor_Daniel-S-65x35.png 65w, https://masslawyersweekly.com/files/2024/11/OConnor_Daniel-S-768x411.png 768w, https://masslawyersweekly.com/files/2024/11/OConnor_Daniel-S-304x162.png 304w, https://masslawyersweekly.com/files/2024/11/OConnor_Daniel-S-200x107.png 200w, https://masslawyersweekly.com/files/2024/11/OConnor_Daniel-S-408x218.png 408w, https://masslawyersweekly.com/files/2024/11/OConnor_Daniel-S-234x125.png 234w, https://masslawyersweekly.com/files/2024/11/OConnor_Daniel-S-280x150.png 280w, https://masslawyersweekly.com/files/2024/11/OConnor_Daniel-S-120x64.png 120w, https://masslawyersweekly.com/files/2024/11/OConnor_Daniel-S-50x27.png 50w, https://masslawyersweekly.com/files/2024/11/OConnor_Daniel-S-270x144.png 270w" sizes="(max-width: 230px) 100vw, 230px" /><figcaption id="caption-attachment-506894" class="wp-caption-text">Counsel for teacher</figcaption></figure> <p>A public school district violated the Massachusetts Parental Leave Act by requiring a teacher to teach a full fourth year to earn tenure after she took several weeks of maternity leave during her second year on the job, the Appeals Court has held. <p>Under G.L.c. 71, §41, the teacher tenure statute, an educator who has completed “three previous consecutive school years” of teaching is entitled to professional teacher status, or tenure, unless notified otherwise by June 15 of the third year. <p>Meanwhile, the Massachusetts Parental Leave Act, G.L.c. 149, §105D, states that parental leave “shall not affect” a teacher’s “seniority, length of service credit” or “any other advantages or rights of employment,” though it also states that leave time itself shall not be included in calculating “benefits, rights and advantages.”<div class="article_dfp_ads"> <div id="div-gpt-ad-in_content_300x250_a" class="div-gpt-ad-in_content_300x250_a in_content_300x250_a dfp_ad_pos"> <script data-cfasync="false" src="/cdn-cgi/scripts/5c5dd728/cloudflare-static/email-decode.min.js"></script><script type='text/javascript'> googletag.cmd.push(function () { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-in_content_300x250_a'); googletag.pubads().collapseEmptyDivs(true); }); </script> </div> </div> <p>Plaintiff Pauline Chaloff, a teacher employed by defendant Westwood Public Schools, took 56 days of parental leave during her second year. In the spring of her third year, the district informed her that because of the interruption the previous year, she would have to work an additional entire school year before attaining professional teacher status, or PTS. <p>When Westwood decided not to renew Chaloff’s contract at the end of her fourth year, depriving her of tenure and resulting in her termination, she petitioned for arbitration, arguing that the district’s interpretation of the teacher tenure statute conflicted with the Massachusetts Parental Leave Act and that she had, in fact, completed three consecutive school years 56 days into her fourth year, entitling her to tenure at that time. <p>The arbitrator ruled in the district’s favor and a Superior Court judge upheld the decision.<div class="article_dfp_ads"> <div id="div-gpt-ad-in_content_300x250_b" class="div-gpt-ad-in_content_300x250_b in_content_300x250_b dfp_ad_pos"> <script type='text/javascript'> googletag.cmd.push(function () { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-in_content_300x250_b'); googletag.pubads().collapseEmptyDivs(true); }); </script> </div> </div> <p>But the Appeals Court reversed, finding that Chaloff indeed earned professional teacher status 56 days into her fourth year and that her termination violated both the tenure statute and the Massachusetts Parental Leave Act. <p>“An employee taking protected leave ‘shall be restored to the employee’s previous, or a similar, position with the same status, pay, length of service credit and seniority, wherever applicable, as of the date of the leave,’” Judge Christopher P. Hodgens wrote for the panel. “By requiring an additional school year and thereby deducting from the length of service credit all days worked during the year in which leave had been taken, Westwood penalized the teacher for taking protected leave. The action taken by Westwood is inconsistent with the language of G.L.c. 149, §105D, and cannot stand.” <p>The 15-page decision is<a href="https://masslawyersweekly.com/2024/10/29/education-tenure-leave/"><em> Chaloff v. Westwood Public Schools</em>, Lawyers Weekly No. 11-100-24</a>. <h2 style="font-size: 22px; text-align: center;"><strong>Harmonizing rights</strong></h2> <p>Plaintiff’s counsel Daniel S. O’Connor of Braintree said the decision harmonizes rights under the parental leave law with the law governing professional teacher status, while answering a question that had been unresolved since the Supreme Judicial Court’s 1985 <a href="http://masscases.com/cases/sjc/395/395mass12.html"><em>Solomon v. School Comm. of Boston </em></a>decision. <p>In <em>Solomon</em>, the SJC ruled that a non-tenured teacher’s parental leave did not break up her consecutive years of service but left open the question of whether a teacher must serve an entire additional year in order to make up for the interrupted year. <div class="clear"></div><div class="divider"></div> <blockquote><p><strong>Parental leave is an important protection, and the court, through this decision, made it clear that a person should not be penalized for taking such a leave. In the future, this case will provide an avenue for plaintiffs in similar exceptional circumstances to challenge arbitration decisions.</strong></blockquote> <div class="clear"></div><div class="divider"></div> <p>Here, O’Connor said, the court properly held that forcing a teacher to work an entire additional year would violate the Massachusetts Parental Leave Act and that a teacher needed to serve only a prorated year to fulfill the year of service. <p>“The court also did an admirable job of definitively addressing all of the arguments raised by the school district,” O’Connor said. “This was a very thorough decision.” <p>The school district’s attorney, James M. Pender, could not be reached for comment. <p>But Christopher J. Petrini, a municipal attorney in Framingham, said the panel struck the right balance between the Massachusetts Parental Leave Act’s mandate that an employee’s protected maternity leave not affect their seniority, length of service credit, or other rights, and its prohibition on the use of such leave in computation of the “benefits, rights and advantages” of employment. <p>In light of the decision, he added, “school attorneys and school administrators should review their school districts’ employment, evaluation and professional teacher status policies to ensure that they satisfy the requirements of both the protected leave and teacher tenure statutes.” <p>Marsha V. Kazarosian, an employment lawyer in Haverhill, said the ruling was “right on the money” in finding that Westwood illegally penalized the teacher for taking protected leave. <p>She also said the panel, in reversing the arbitrator, clearly distinguished between cases in which an arbitrator is asked to interpret a contract or collective bargaining agreement and those involving a previously undecided question of law. <p>“Here, the court clearly underscored that such questions of law remain the sole purview of the courts,” Kazarosian said. <p>Boston attorney Regina M. Federico described the case as the rare situation in which public policy considerations overcome the deference that courts typically apply to arbitrators. <p>“Parental leave is an important protection … and the court, through this decision, made it clear that a person should not be penalized for taking such a leave,” she said. “In the future, this case will provide an avenue for plaintiffs in similar exceptional circumstances to challenge arbitration decisions.” <h2 style="font-size: 22px; text-align: center;"><strong>Tenure dispute</strong></h2> <p>Chaloff was initially hired on a one-year contract for the 2016-2017 school year. <p>Upon completion of the first year, she was renewed for a second year and took maternity leave that fall in accordance with the Massachusetts Parental Leave Act. <p>Chaloff returned from leave after 56 days, completed the second year, and was rehired for a third school year. <p>On April 12, 2019, with the end of her third year approaching, Chaloff’s principal informed her that because she had taken maternity leave the year before, she would not be receiving professional status and would need to work another year before a tenure decision was made. <div class="box shadow alignright" style="width:300px"><div class="box-inner-block"><i class="tieicon-boxicon"></i> <p><a href="https://masslawyersweekly.com/2024/10/29/education-tenure-leave/"><strong>Chaloff v. Westwood Public Schools</strong></a> <p><strong>THE ISSUE:</strong> Did a public school district violate the Massachusetts Parental Leave Act by requiring a teacher to teach a full fourth year to gain tenure after she took several weeks of maternity leave during her second year of teaching? <p><strong>DECISION:</strong> Yes (Appeals Court) <p><strong>LAWYERS:</strong> Daniel S. O’Connor of Braintree (plaintiff) <p>James M. Pender of Morgan, Brown & Joy, Boston (defense) <p> </div></div> <p>The same day, the assistant superintendent told her that requiring an extra year was regular practice in Westwood for teachers whose employment had a “significant interruption.” <p>Chaloff worked throughout the next school year and was notified on May 15, 2020, that she would not be receiving professional status and that she would not be rehired for the following year. That ended her employment in Westwood. <p>The plaintiff, a union member, petitioned the Department of Elementary and Secondary Education and requested arbitration. <p>She argued in arbitration that her 56 days of parental leave should not have required a full additional year of employment to qualify for tenure. <p>The arbitrator ruled in Westwood’s favor. <p>Chaloff subsequently filed a complaint in Superior Court, but Judge Maynard M. Kirpalani granted Westwood’s motion for judgment on the pleadings. The plaintiff appealed. <h2 style="font-size: 22px; text-align: center;"><strong>‘Obvious public policy’</strong></h2> <p>The Appeals Court panel stated at the outset of its decision that an arbitrator’s interpretation of statutory law, as was the case here, is entitled to less deference than an interpretation of a private agreement. <p>The panel then found that the award had to be vacated because it unfairly punished Chaloff for taking protected parental leave under the MPLA. <p>“The obvious public policy [behind the statute] is to protect significant interests of employees as well as their families,” Hodgens said, emphasizing that instead of having to rely on the kindness of employers, employees are afforded rights under the statute. “One of the most consequential rights is that an employee’s length of service is safeguarded when the employee takes leave under the statute. Here, by requiring an extra year of teaching for taking fifty-six days of protected leave, Westwood violated a significant public policy by failing to safeguard the teacher’s length of service credit.” <p>The panel was also unsympathetic to Westwood’s argument that granting professional teacher status based on anything other than full school year increments would create administrative difficulties. <p>“Westwood contends that without relying on full school year increments administrators would be required to ‘track the exact duration of each non-PTS educator’s leave of absence’ and would ‘have to make consequential personnel determinations in the middle of a school year,’” Hodgens wrote. “While a teacher invoking protected leave may create challenges for school officials concerned with classroom continuity and timely evaluations, administrative convenience cannot trump the statutory right to take parental leave, nor is convenience a particularly compelling excuse for discriminating against persons taking maternity leave.” <p>Accordingly, the court remanded the case back to arbitration, empowering the arbitrator to award back pay, benefits, reinstatement and “any other appropriate non-financial relief or any combination thereof.” <div id="relatedByLwnum" class="widget"> <div class="widget-top"> <h4>Lawyers Weekly No. 11-100-24</h4> <div class="stripe-line"></div> </div> <div class="widget-container"> <h5>Massachusetts Lawyers Weekly</h5> <ul> <li><a href="https://masslawyersweekly.com/?p=506131" rel="bookmark" class="homepagebulletlink" >Education – Tenure – Leave</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mobile-specific-data"> <div class="share-links"> <p class="share">Share this!</p> <ul class="social-share-links"><li><a class="twitter" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=School district’s denial of tenure violated parental leave 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seek further review in a case that raises the issues of how libera[...] </p></div> </a> </div> </div> <div class="slideshowContents"> <div class="most-viewed"> <a href="https://masslawyersweekly.com/2024/11/20/general-contractor-not-entitled-to-defense-for-subs-defective-work/"> <div class="featured-image"><img width="304" height="162" src="https://masslawyersweekly.com/files/2022/03/Depositphotos_7944862_L.jpg" class="attachment-homepage-categories-thumb size-homepage-categories-thumb wp-post-image" alt="Construction site" decoding="async" srcset="https://masslawyersweekly.com/files/2022/03/Depositphotos_7944862_L.jpg 620w, https://masslawyersweekly.com/files/2022/03/Depositphotos_7944862_L-150x80.jpg 150w, https://masslawyersweekly.com/files/2022/03/Depositphotos_7944862_L-65x35.jpg 65w, https://masslawyersweekly.com/files/2022/03/Depositphotos_7944862_L-300x160.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 304px) 100vw, 304px" /></div> <div class="title"><h2> General contractor not entitled to defense for sub’s defective work </h2></div> <div class="desc"><p> The 1st U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals has ruled that a commercial general liability insurer had no d[...] </p></div> </a> </div> </div> <div class="slideshowContents"> <div class="most-viewed"> <a href="https://masslawyersweekly.com/2024/11/15/after-46-years-defense-legend-says-hes-not-going-anywhere-for-now/"> <div class="featured-image"><img width="304" height="162" src="https://masslawyersweekly.com/files/2024/11/CARNEY-PAGE-1-304x162.png" class="attachment-homepage-categories-thumb size-homepage-categories-thumb wp-post-image" alt="J.W. “Jay” Carney Jr." decoding="async" srcset="https://masslawyersweekly.com/files/2024/11/CARNEY-PAGE-1-304x162.png 304w, https://masslawyersweekly.com/files/2024/11/CARNEY-PAGE-1-150x80.png 150w, https://masslawyersweekly.com/files/2024/11/CARNEY-PAGE-1-65x35.png 65w, https://masslawyersweekly.com/files/2024/11/CARNEY-PAGE-1-768x411.png 768w, 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304px" /></div> <div class="title"><h2> School district’s denial of tenure violated parental leave statute </h2></div> <div class="desc"><p> A public school district violated the Massachusetts Parental Leave Act by requiring a teacher to tea[...] </p></div> </a> </div> </div> <div class="slideshowContents"> <div class="most-viewed"> <a href="https://masslawyersweekly.com/2024/11/14/access-rulings-in-brothel-case-upheld-by-sjc/"> <div class="featured-image"><img width="304" height="162" src="https://masslawyersweekly.com/files/2023/02/John-Adams-Courthouse-in-Boston-front.jpg" class="attachment-homepage-categories-thumb size-homepage-categories-thumb wp-post-image" alt="John Adams Courthouse in Boston" decoding="async" srcset="https://masslawyersweekly.com/files/2023/02/John-Adams-Courthouse-in-Boston-front.jpg 620w, https://masslawyersweekly.com/files/2023/02/John-Adams-Courthouse-in-Boston-front-150x80.jpg 150w, 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