CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "bioguide.congress.gov",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '8e8b5e209b123e3e',cH: '5MhzVDbXYx6ydnGMj1Tjw36UWWousoHTJA.DpMHSk3o-1732639723-1.2.1.1-Xd6wDiqZz7V6uT.s1NyeHyqxoitE3Sx0eoCGh_P5PJRUrqMIG3fPra3xB_bjX7Sz',cUPMDTk: "\/scripts\/biodisplay.pl?index=S000962&__cf_chl_tk=5dLy3rjXcL1xYSe19miGnAf8Vzq6MkKxu2QebJGCTXE-1732639723-1.0.1.1-FBa5b2Q9b8Rpappt0yhb7gK6ZsXo.EO8ht4Z9.JM4FA",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1732639723',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/scripts\/biodisplay.pl?index=S000962&__cf_chl_f_tk=5dLy3rjXcL1xYSe19miGnAf8Vzq6MkKxu2QebJGCTXE-1732639723-1.0.1.1-FBa5b2Q9b8Rpappt0yhb7gK6ZsXo.EO8ht4Z9.JM4FA",md: "RHYGgZH8DbG4S4Ft3H_Dli_bo3HisnEsduRgzXsLJW4-1732639723-1.2.1.1-D7MeQpGSgFSI1Zm4mi4T60gfjewDfq5rM3aH5hMKUcYxKVCGlTGWn7u0T037yAKUMdgNeEXctWP0xl5qYhFwjt63dVLEdBHWn39w.Een_pjRTsN1.T_.4l8UaVGgZZmpa.aRHV91xJuU5MM4vqyWdL3dbSPhLbOVbw4BaI7JCQfezVGMf_qj6unqC7sWHl7YW_0_PmwuUhM1vTeUD2F9sU9uUY0M2GaTVBYi9YhOkj0DO9zP43hMgcnlUoKU5oGVYRDwru8fHPg2OFGB4sgw3PnHOSaj47gpkfcbqGLsUgdjBZdFgy5pTlDCwGVICpUehmbo3LYTkxozOGrJVB8BRiOIyF2wA7jc0fWd6p6jX6w01AsneuNLIAB8Eys2_ajz2jlpH1yyOAyy4inN35mfX70VthRL_wKfahLoF5Zp5keFWxnBvv2fQ_NW80hR9NuLdBHRo13aW707v3O827sxNEy6JbPSTsMOngY0qoLTVi3lg8PTZUzyO7ptmhzJ8cmAQKolKZ_bASyFph74iMD_YB14HdvpEUj2GqIVuPS.0qY96kQ1Flg6eR8mfDvUVVP3pbFdmWyVkP4.QMBPlgDGqScsI5pVuFYs.VqrcFlRLG8LCeeCdUkVlZb03WNwggAGzekF_amflqD.lDRK89MghCj_S.HyZEnNBkcBGq6MpG72ZfDG3vuu9ZnyO1ic34LnNuDYmsff1nx4u.NGA4cocmTNJj7TjISFDcbzUhmfjQgChTK7R8p0hzSirrKNkU7pXsDkVEkuDtjb__FOwQM8oVDuHMnOqkX9EL9qgjzer3zzHczitjF19iS9WZI1qlbJComkWH_pkFeSsaK9K96Wy.4B1uojlENqGRB9jVhBCjrMp6TEeOgD_zrsecYS2TH22oRbwEb9OJloY5gB5RPOUKtIcc8o3ZucYHQodDyj2StjVf5F4tkIMzIUqjd8GtrjRwoCF.2WHjXmvfnxiVpNQD_n_B_7wcOpcsaSH91yMxQ1blFdXqrxCxiW0NMLiRZ9.9DVSX4ImtccBySUxs.m1voxRvMa3pvmlEhTIiLf_BIeBPl1waRJCjcF2iGcgFPYmHJ0RZJn._d6pG1RF2v0NpAgd6hsAjwV3pDBdkbH7CgI9JPeX516BHtRWKER4flewYYL6K57C2kwl4p5vmXq_5.xGTyCXA4QjOWitROAnc1ijS9I6urK25IBj1V7dxPWzZAN0aoH7tQ.l0O0BrEkK9HMYOzetYlpyGJy52Fjn7uCoSm2Zq7V2Oy7mTa8wFVsBT4t3rNnRKVotaFNim_3kdZtfFRd..CPLRkV.5R.Fbgzx0y30m9Cmbrz.8wIbpVa7XLmDdswggbOA9Lwb1817Dig_2qrPiKfGcPgEA0HctpgO.lw2.DW3U_Rtsy8Lv._ErvuYZUdQ0KviGwio5x1.WYYYC95L_ndBiK2h.M2t4MV6SX_YqPSqohogLrW5_VmtiU88E8oiIoKfATvA.KLlSH3YtAWbEzGi85rqPDhbsRN7Uf9YLRSZ6LRskXlmHEOhj8JzW6QVloHLWB3xGbpUaygfk50whHUE5lwYJsKiHao9zigaP2T4DOHn8jPj469wacEiOQC9iI1Vpt_JepbN3MRJYEtuXvJuu0MPnHqvGwUB04Rl7gC099xS0MiegLwQPvf5eMWpCTtP37CyubEbJ6zAaITRsU9VK7pnUlru23dJnMCfpe0_x70kfRMnISjLEXTccgFG.ntdhJb72m5GQ.jkga0_0AxlK31gBcxXVW7C_NhY9_mcpM8E3A9p97FFncmroxHRjKQEDnpTLQepf_fR.8u_zxC7DX_Smf1AAcMZTA3NdiRHEMFC0aKH52Zxp.TePw9j9czYDZUYZgiwWIUj.1SCqe.sU.lCfiU9gFNiwSEVsfoOchkRm7V9kHeauvwwfZ.h7mr_cEfh1Ze5HJM.93Y0rQBoWxh2.wX4jisUHVMsuLY4jH5kj7_SWrzNCl0J9AFftChUkfhZvs37dEBXobp932mI2dq.jfPuF8",mdrd: "N4FTfHKyFptid0LMLQWmTak5he12hxd0cpyuAh9w8II-1732639723-1.2.1.1-tU9dXZNQDH13rlDPvnAvyc00htbljW3rjfPXCMrRF9Qlwou5C6nVS1UwxElMBemKCT2UsJfwnG4BS9TTX_OLvfLgsKHBF1raugxvcp_f6pTVd_V_RjzlHmg69HoceFLv5FygMVx5sosUkklBt_Dnje.Fn0I8GTnbpUDGJcNmbLBnMbJve4Oq_wPKYf.sZYIkhX5S3v5aOstTlMtAQnl1dNQVgfupluiQZZya773wYUnemKifUKt0MP8zIWQXUXQy05qVkoXQcR1u95MFUia_bgcPRpMRXQ6nOycBSsEF6oSBgfK7q1VwV6aAJRNm5YC.c74xfET7WV6JlqoiXx1FWZ4fj86yzImcpD36ipg_.ee5SYjnidzz7I9lsn.tVZgmTRIFeluRm5V_Kxw3yLbjQSbxcv4CjA19GzwMNkghVgrxl.Cl.o2KRrCxI8KB4t_YiLDthFJSntpYRIlDkpJuwHEolTP22mW2DWFQVQ.PPUzkV5bf_2W_.sKHdajjD9Nw5HDFJ8vsoia_QBRANhyHeh8P3.qgd6Bwa6d0C9f7_AnESHv_0Ix2sjEYSW18K216kJycuQujQvFgWauEGah5xkkDGvRl6r7bebk6Impx2PrDe7SdfhW4i5ppZEJLME7ilej.eW19WmqNzLeWk9x5Ln9Sj_EL65utg1w2.QW1hrF8Fvvg.JCWj4twRA5S2hOpuG27O7Q_r3JmL.fy19B78uClfaLkGuV6KHkNuYdnNnB230PxEmMupFStvGoNYvO0KMuPFaljqjFaHhM6cb84GjROAMGkBA0VtETBsQYPPlcA3NJDFsqX7FKDa2XP2daIYvY6kkDXi5NE8CLGhH6I20GFc0v3xyee2VwDINu3dysNHw7hfwHNqbRtDHQX0K57_HmF2ayof_B2eR9fzEto1wLl_6KlHvWZVGTAQIzyuCAiJYZU2ZcvPKhFY3UzcNIHxXOhh9b.eGJut2_VoQwymtIjalAYrSzCyI0Q04jPr2vaTxzPGNwFEWmv55_uMRDwjazg6G5DrtCMDrApuCtyiuX7NeKkdzHdg0Ca4ndXkVCrAg0JzB7YvZppySwbPCr_14tP0NvAhvvD_H7y73HIo9u8izK0opg89trKUyWA6vwkMzQ8MgMVtD8qht.S0LL59Xi359MpkjTJEeO4zqIsC4Z9MC6L_jn97ea8wqvZKEyi97FufJdkDdNTIh9fNqCsSGmRZlxLeqeJ_G_44PDs2_C6UhNN3LMRTcz.RzQE5P57WJ_tVQqcRNOaNAnxaFPcMNSP2rprqky_VhmDAlaVIHbqgTIQ1ifY6XNJ.UqS8XVrpng5_TF75mflECg9M7jTE1twZIH7HvhmvUCKQFgZj3iOin.BMJCuuFUGSeVbmyYFxcQLwP7PciNfi8R9h8R1p7kllcKhBpiFMYmmF9q7ZMwbDnRiBosNm5Al20p8MZBmEHg61XWlhVdRKZ9hxIMOSFy1QuB56_30JzTPRL8yvBpzdc1lErfzGUfMfIchfFdx5aHU9o5tpUMZwV3saOWC35t9UVY4cQXsBvwd9MYpcDgbrGOH9duXSNJ6Q0iiLzx_fzH17uBYyglRV6p.dlJPNOe2PO0bSkE1I.Xu8qY2kbKMuzOl6qGyJamVE9wpGQg3EbPEXd3_trNqb_A0P3klJZDHwqhh_jB_6cXUOk_Uf26jxofTNJBi_5NJBaQNxgXUDNhKysNz2dtJn.RmTvFsKP1q._h5ZnIcCPaC0.FKr9LJ.CJD2fvOK5lj5ye7yawyEf7EfxJZwT4X0k6z_pmuCHOh7nfnOowNLRAMH3o.wGEDprcMZzTmobsxwzCg1okj8eRfq6yieGBd.lFIITiv9ukC08i2BNvMlwUtL9SbumWbw7lDJD5SoPEBNe5mvPt14K3L.xFhqfN3UXaZKjJqpExj12mAh2og6_Al6GmWQ.IxRLLCzcxk_h6WJRLN.FBT_IHufBJqlOxYQ2bZPb7GhEAKuPvnBCypj65gCEIfCJwBF7YeHwYX00GR4QVNEfU"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=8e8b5e209b123e3e';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/scripts\/biodisplay.pl?index=S000962&__cf_chl_rt_tk=5dLy3rjXcL1xYSe19miGnAf8Vzq6MkKxu2QebJGCTXE-1732639723-1.0.1.1-FBa5b2Q9b8Rpappt0yhb7gK6ZsXo.EO8ht4Z9.JM4FA" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>