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class="publications_catagory_article"><a href="#" class="publications">Stories</a></div><div class="an_open_letter"> HOW SHOULD GOVERNMENTS SUPPORT PEOPLE HIT BY CLIMATE DAMAGE? FIVE PRACTICAL LESSONS FROM KENYA</div><div class="rich-text-block-3 w-richtext"><h4>HOW SHOULD GOVERNMENTS SUPPORT PEOPLE HIT BY CLIMATE DAMAGE? FIVE PRACTICAL LESSONS FROM KENYA</h4><p>‍</p></div><div class="author_article-copy"><a href="#" class="author_link_article">BY Chiara Liguori </a></div><div class="page_date">06 / 11 / 2024</div><div class="article_image_conatiner"><img src="https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/605869242b205050a0579e87/672a6b2e9cbfadc8f9e3bd1e_SEN05910-Cropped%20(1).jpg" loading="lazy" alt="" sizes="(max-width: 479px) 300px, 500px" srcset="https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/605869242b205050a0579e87/672a6b2e9cbfadc8f9e3bd1e_SEN05910-Cropped%20(1)-p-500.jpg 500w, https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/605869242b205050a0579e87/672a6b2e9cbfadc8f9e3bd1e_SEN05910-Cropped%20(1)-p-800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/605869242b205050a0579e87/672a6b2e9cbfadc8f9e3bd1e_SEN05910-Cropped%20(1)-p-1080.jpg 1080w, https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/605869242b205050a0579e87/672a6b2e9cbfadc8f9e3bd1e_SEN05910-Cropped%20(1).jpg 1264w" class="climate_injustice_image"/><div class="image_caption-_art">Naibunga Women Group members marching to a local school to distribute dignity kits to adolescent girls. The group received KES 500K (USD $3,858.87) unconditional cash grant to buy and distribute kits to women and girls adversely impacted in the area. They targeted 200 Households and 30 adolescent girls from a local primary school. Photo by Misheck Macharia/Oxfam.</div><div class="w-richtext"><p>‍</p><p>‍<em>As the world looks to next week’s COP29 to deliver on promised Loss and Damage funding, Chiara Liguori shares insights from a pioneering Scotland-funded project that repaired damaged water systems, provided cash to impacted communities and supported peacebuilding.</em></p><p>‍</p><p>“We had to run for our lives. We did not like moving here. We had no other choice but to accept the reality. We do not have decent houses. Some live in tents. It is just struggles. When we wake up in the morning, some go straight to fetching water… many hours are lost just on fetching water.”</p><p>This account from Hadija Jilo, a pastoralist in northern Kenya, captures the hardship and devastation brought by the climate crisis to communities in the country’s arid and semi-arid region.</p><p>So how can governments provide practical redress for climate damage to communities? A recent project funded by the <a href="https://www.gov.scot/">Scottish Government</a> and implemented by <a href="https://www.google.com/aclk?sa=l&ai=DChcSEwi1-9y6_sWJAxXNgFAGHRS6IgMYABAAGgJkZw&co=1&ase=2&gclid=Cj0KCQiAoae5BhCNARIsADVLzZeDOrfFhkCvha2wsejOB6wYgWZl_kx09LAkv6caQzEN14DMVSz8BjkaAr6KEALw_wcB&sig=AOD64_1Yo2AjANdGXL6nGVNOLnBtDpOmcg&q&nis=4&adurl&ved=2ahUKEwiK0NO6_sWJAxUXWkEAHUwpKTUQ0Qx6BAgLEAE">Oxfam</a> and its local partners in northern Kenya offers key insights.</p><p>As our new <a href="https://policy-practice.oxfam.org/resources/communities-in-charge-lessons-for-the-global-fund-for-responding-to-loss-and-da-621659/">briefing</a> looking back at the project sets out, these communities face frequent and severe droughts, often followed by flash floods brought by torrential rains. As a result, they are confronted with many losses and damages, from death, hunger and malnutrition to displacement and damage to water infrastructure, houses, schools, and livelihoods.</p><p>The erosion of pastures and dwindling water resources have also exacerbated conflict between neighbouring communities. Women are particularly affected, as damage to water sources increases the distances women and girls walk to water points. That, in turn, raises the risks of gender-based violence (GBV) and contributes further to the unequal distribution of unpaid care and domestic work.</p><p>All of these are examples of “<a href="https://views-voices.oxfam.org.uk/2022/02/what-is-loss-and-damage-and-why-is-it-so-vital-for-climate-justice/">Loss and Damage</a>”, a term loaded with a history of unmet demands from countries most impacted by the climate crisis, who have been left more impoverished, more indebted and with their people paying the price for a crisis they have done almost nothing to create.</p><p><strong>Addressing loss and damage in practice</strong></p><p>It was only in 2021 that the taboo of global north governments funding lower-income countries to respond to loss and damage was finally broken, as <a href="https://www.scotsman.com/news/environment/nicola-sturgeon-pledges-ps1m-fund-for-climate-loss-and-damage-3439806">Scotland became the first nation</a> to do so. And it was only in 2022, at the COP27 UN Climate Conference that <a href="https://unfccc.int/news/cop27-reaches-breakthrough-agreement-on-new-loss-and-damage-fund-for-vulnerable-countries">states agreed to create a new global fund</a> dedicated to supporting lower-income countries address the unavoidable consequences of climate change. But that is not the end of the story.</p><p>The <a href="https://unfccc.int/loss-and-damage-fund-joint-interim-secretariat">Fund for Responding to Loss and Damage</a> is still working out how it will operate and what and who it will fund. While some rich countries have pledged some money to the Fund, commitments to date are mere pocket money compared to the vast scale of the needs of the most affected countries and communities.</p><p>While the cogs of global climate diplomacy slowly turn, the Scottish Government has <a href="https://oxfamapps.org/scotland/2023/12/05/oxfam-welcomes-scottish-government-funding-to-address-climate-induced-loss-and-damage/">allocated its own funding separate from the global initiative</a> to explore how loss and damage finance can be spent most effectively.</p><p>Between December 2023 and March 2024, this supported Oxfam to work with partners in northern Kenya –the <strong>Arid and Semi-Arid Lands Humanitarian Network</strong> (AHN), <strong>Strategies for Northern Development</strong> (SND) in Samburu County and <strong>Merti Integrated Development Programme</strong> (MID-P) in Isiolo County – to provide measures to redress the losses and damages suffered by communities living there. </p><p>The project had three components:</p><ul role="list"><li> The <strong>rehabilitation and construction of water systems damaged</strong> by floods and drought, particularly benefitting women and girls who often have to take responsibility for this household duty.</li><li>Community managed <strong>cash transfers</strong> to help address the priorities identified by community groups, and particularly by women-led groups, including to rebuild damaged livelihoods, such as through livestock re-stocking.</li><li>Relieving non-economic losses by <strong>strengthening local peace</strong> committees to try and reduce community tension due to increased competition for scarce resources.</li></ul><p>Watch the video below to find out more about the project.</p><figure style="padding-bottom:56.206088992974244%" class="w-richtext-align-fullwidth w-richtext-figure-type-video"><div><iframe allowfullscreen="true" frameborder="0" scrolling="no" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/wb3WvJqcMIM" title=""></iframe></div></figure><p><sup>‍</sup><em><sup>Addressing losses and damages from the climate crisis in Kenya. Video credit: Oxfam GB</sup></em></p><p>‍</p><p><strong>Key Learnings</strong></p><p>The project provided Oxfam, AHN, SND, MID-P and the participating communities with some key insights. Although these learnings are from one small-scale and time-limited project, they echo the reflections and experiences of many other communities and organisations. Our analysis, documented in detail in our new briefing about the project, draws out <strong>five key lessons</strong>:</p><p>‍</p><p><strong>1. Give time and resources to support each community’s understanding of loss and damage – and what they need to address it.</strong></p><p>Communities understand how climate change is affecting them better than any external parties. So, it is crucial to allocate sufficient funds, time and resources to create a space where they can build their collective understanding of what loss and damage means to them. This includes an understanding of what their rights are and what responses best deliver justice in their own context.</p><p>‍</p><p><strong>2. Responses must be locally led and grassroots groups should control the funding as much as possible</strong></p><p>Ensuring that communities, Indigenous Peoples, local civil society organisations, women’s rights organisations and groups experiencing marginalization get direct access to funding should be a priority, both for the global Fund for Responding to Loss and Damage and other funders. Doing so promotes innovation, leverages communities’ and CSOs’ considerable expertise and knowledge, promotes their agency and addresses loss and damage in ways that are most relevant to them and overall, most effective.</p><p>As Golicha Wario, Loss and Damage Lead at SND, said, “The community are given the resources to make decisions for themselves, to enable them to regain their economic stability and to foster resilience… Because the community are the first and last responders in any crisis, we’re going to select the project that is a priority for them.”</p><p>Besides access to project-based funding, grassroots groups should be able to meaningfully participate in the design, planning and implementation of responses as well as funding decisions at local, national and international level. They should get a say on funding priorities and also have meaningful opportunities to scrutinize funding decisions.</p><p>‍</p><p><strong>3. Loss and damage responses must be gender-transformative</strong></p><p>To avoid further entrenching existing gender inequalities and to promote substantive gender equality, loss and damage responses need to be not just gender-responsive, but also gender-transformative, so that women, men and gender non-conforming people can fully enjoy their rights. In particular, addressing gender-based violence and fostering women's participation in decision-making processes is crucial for building resilient communities that can effectively respond to future climate shocks and actively seek remedies for loss and damage.</p><p>‍</p><p><strong>4. Loss of peace can be a form of loss and damage</strong></p><p>Conflict resulting from battles over natural resources depleted by climate damage is a form of non-economic loss and damage. So, incorporating peacebuilding in responses is essential, particularly in conflict-prone areas. Involving communities and local groups throughout the design and implementation of such work not only avoids future conflicts by ensuring projects are conflict-sensitive but also seizes opportunities for climate action that can advance peacebuilding.</p><p>‍</p><p><strong>5. Long-term programmes are crucial</strong></p><p>While short projects can create positive change, comprehensively addressing loss and damage in many contexts demands longer term programmes, with funds committed that can be used flexibly in response to evolving circumstances.</p><p>These should be based on long-term and large-scale national and local plans and priorities, while facilitating local leadership, including by supporting long-term community-led projects and incorporating grants for communities, local CSOs, women’s rights organisations, Indigenous Peoples and people experiencing marginalization.</p><p>Every programme needs to be based on in-depth gender and human rights analysis integrated into loss and damage needs assessments, ensuring all aspects of non-economic loss and damage are considered, and centring the participation of different groups with diverse and distinct experiences.</p><p>‍</p><p><strong>Let’s put communities at the heart of global Loss and Damage efforts</strong></p><p>Climate impacts on people in northern Kenya and other lower-income countries are overwhelmingly due to the failure of rich and highly carbon-emitting countries to promptly tackle climate change. Wealthy countries participating at next week’s COP29 must ensure the Fund for Responding to Loss and Damage has the means to provide meaningful redress for the harms that people are suffering. At the same time, governments in lower-income countries must put in place loss and damage assessments, plans and responses that truly respond to the needs of those most affected.</p><p>To deliver the support needed, the Fund, together with both contributing countries and recipient governments, must learn from the experiences and the knowledge of those on the frontline of the climate crisis and ensure these are at the forefront of all loss and damage responses. Only then will the new Fund make a meaningful, though long over-due, contribution to climate justice. </p><p>‍</p><p><strong>Chiara Liguori</strong><em> is Senior Policy Adviser for Climate Justice at Oxfam Great Britain. She has been working on climate justice for over 8 years, particularly at the intersection of climate change and human rights. She has a background as a political scientist, and previously worked for many years for Amnesty International and the UN.</em></p><p>‍</p></div><div class="main-text w-dyn-bind-empty w-richtext"></div><div class="article_captions"><div class="ac_div"><div class="image_caption-_art"></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="social_footer_home"><div class="div-block-6"><div class="div-block-4"><div class="text-block">Follow us on...</div><a href="https://www.instagram.com/lossanddamagecollaboration/" class="ig w-inline-block"><img src="https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/605869242b20501f9a579e7a/606c384a04bc7a0d5a54ebd7_639b3dafb544d6f061fcddd2d6686ddb.png" loading="lazy" alt="" class="image-2"/></a><a href="https://twitter.com/LossandDamage" class="twitter w-inline-block"><img src="https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/605869242b20501f9a579e7a/606c3876b64d3f40651b76d2_twitter-icon-circle-logo.png" loading="lazy" alt="" class="image-2"/></a><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/76112623/admin/feed/posts/" class="linked_in w-inline-block"><img src="https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/605869242b20501f9a579e7a/65fca765dae719ffc3f82558_linkedin-apps-icon-free-png.webp" loading="lazy" sizes="40px" srcset="https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/605869242b20501f9a579e7a/65fca765dae719ffc3f82558_linkedin-apps-icon-free-png-p-500.webp 500w, https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/605869242b20501f9a579e7a/65fca765dae719ffc3f82558_linkedin-apps-icon-free-png-p-800.webp 800w, https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/605869242b20501f9a579e7a/65fca765dae719ffc3f82558_linkedin-apps-icon-free-png-p-1080.webp 1080w, https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/605869242b20501f9a579e7a/65fca765dae719ffc3f82558_linkedin-apps-icon-free-png.webp 1920w" alt="" class="image-2"/></a><a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCHEYxOdGB9BZMbQSZruG7xw" class="you_tube w-inline-block"><img src="https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/605869242b20501f9a579e7a/6684061644dfbd9cc164f11f_YT_s.jpg" loading="lazy" alt="" class="image-2"/></a><a href="https://www.tiktok.com/@lossanddamage" class="tik_tok w-inline-block"><img src="https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/605869242b20501f9a579e7a/6684066a3f6e88590d7220c4_TikToc_.jpg" loading="lazy" alt="" class="image-2"/></a><a href="https://www.facebook.com/lossanddamagecollaboration?locale=en_GB" class="facebook w-inline-block"><img src="https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/605869242b20501f9a579e7a/606c3865d4fc41afb7eba2ed_20673.png" loading="lazy" alt="" class="image-2"/></a><div class="mailing_list-text">Join our <a href="https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSc4q10M5P0RXBM6dA08Wux4bn0fR8oYl3O1bSVTtN_OuN7Z6g/viewform">mailing list</a>.<br/>‍</div></div></div></div><script src="https://d3e54v103j8qbb.cloudfront.net/js/jquery-3.5.1.min.dc5e7f18c8.js?site=605869242b20501f9a579e7a" type="text/javascript" integrity="sha256-9/aliU8dGd2tb6OSsuzixeV4y/faTqgFtohetphbbj0=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script><script src="https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/605869242b20501f9a579e7a/js/webflow.a0a516511.js" type="text/javascript"></script><script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/typed.js@2.0.9"></script> <script> var typed4 = new Typed('.typed-text', { strings: ['This is loss and damage.','When climate change causes...', 'A loss of life.', 'The loss of culture.', 'Biodiversity loss.', 'A loss of territory.', 'And the loss of livelihoods.', 'As well as costly damage to infrastructure.', 'Like homes, hospitals, schools and roads.', 'And sadly much more...', 'The economic cost in developing countries...', 'Is projected to be 290-580 billion USD by 2030.', 'Not including the non-economic costs.', 'These costs have increased significantly due to COVID-19.', 'Households on the frontlines of climate change…', 'In vulnerable developing countries...', 'Bear most of the costs of reducing and addressing loss and damage.', 'We are trying to change that.', 'By ensuring that vulnerable people, communities and countries.','Have the support they need to...', 'Prepare for a warmer world.', 'And continue to develop and thrive.',], typeSpeed: 75, backSpeed: 10, bindInputFocusEvents: true, loop: true, cursorChar: '_', backDelay: 1000, startDelay: 100 }); </script> </body></html>