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Yuri Harauski - TRIAL International
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srcset="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/CASES_Man_square.png 600w, https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/CASES_Man_square-300x300.png 300w, https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/CASES_Man_square-150x150.png 150w, https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/CASES_Man_square-210x210.png 210w" sizes="(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px" /> </div> <div class="text-header container container-1200 text-xs-center"> <div><span class="live-badge">Case</span> </div> <div> <h1 class="live-title latest-title text-uppercase nospacebelow"> <span class="">Yuri Harauski</span> </h1> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container main-wrapper"> <!-- <div class="container container-breadcrumbs container-1200"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><ul id="breadcrumbs" class="breadcrumbs"><li class="item-home"><a class="bread-link bread-home" href="https://trialinternational.org" title="Home">Home</a></li><li class="separator 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class="latest-body"> <section class="c-block-updates"> <div class="c-block-item" id="live-27641"> <div class="update-date"> 28 September 2023 16:53 <div class="c-Share"> <button class="c-Share-social meta__link orange" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#pop-27641"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="18" height="14" ><path fill="currentColor" d="M10.73.063c-.178-.149-.444-.018-.444.218v3.062C1.89 4.86.3 11.5.002 13.728c-.018.16.1.272.236.272a.253.253 0 0 0 .181-.084C4.595 9.476 8.806 9.14 9.968 9.14c.209 0 .318.01.318.01v3.375c0 .24.27.369.447.215l7.17-6.228a.287.287 0 0 0-.003-.433L10.73.063Z"/></svg> <span class="sr-only">Partage</span> </button> <div class="c-Share-social-container" id="pop-27641"> <ul class="meta__sub" > <li class="meta__icon-sub"> <button type="button" class="js-social meta__link-sub" data-position="feed" data-social="tw" data-url="https://trialinternational.org/case-update/belarus-acquittal-of-lukashenka-regime-henchman-in-switzerland/" 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https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/image_50372353_mit-Unterschrift-768x544.jpg 768w, https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/image_50372353_mit-Unterschrift-1536x1088.jpg 1536w, https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/image_50372353_mit-Unterschrift-2048x1450.jpg 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption"><em>Drawing by Natallia Hersche, a Belarusian artist who was present at the trial of Yuri Harauski on 19-20 September 2023 in St. Gallen, Switzerland.</em></figcaption></figure> <p>Yuri Harauski has been acquitted of the crime of enforced disappearance of three political opponents in 1999 in Belarus. While the Court recognised the responsibility of the regime in the crimes, the judges were not convinced of the involvement of the defendant in the events. The families of the victims remain in a state of uncertainty about the exact circumstances of their loved ones’ disappearances. TRIAL International, FIDH and Viasna regret today’s verdict and will continue to support the victims in their quest for justice, including during the appeal process.</p> <div class="wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex"> <div class="wp-block-button"><a class="wp-block-button__link wp-element-button" href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/belarus-acquittal-of-lukashenka-regime-henchman-in-switzerland/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Read our press release</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="c-block-item" id="live-27790"> <div class="update-date"> 20 September 2023 17:21 <div class="c-Share"> <button class="c-Share-social meta__link orange" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#pop-27790"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="18" height="14" ><path fill="currentColor" d="M10.73.063c-.178-.149-.444-.018-.444.218v3.062C1.89 4.86.3 11.5.002 13.728c-.018.16.1.272.236.272a.253.253 0 0 0 .181-.084C4.595 9.476 8.806 9.14 9.968 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<span class="js-label-copied"></span> </span> </button> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="update-titre orange">Accountability for Enforced Disappearances in Belarus: Former member of President Lukashenka’s elite hit squad brought before a Swiss Court </div> <div class="update-content"> <figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Belarus_2003-09-16-Minsk_no-copyright-1024x768.jpg" alt="demonstration in Minsk, Belarus" class="wp-image-25827" srcset="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Belarus_2003-09-16-Minsk_no-copyright-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Belarus_2003-09-16-Minsk_no-copyright-300x225.jpg 300w, https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Belarus_2003-09-16-Minsk_no-copyright-768x576.jpg 768w, https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Belarus_2003-09-16-Minsk_no-copyright-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Belarus_2003-09-16-Minsk_no-copyright.jpg 1600w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption"><em>Demonstration in Minsk in September 2003, on the pictures from left to right: Yuri Zakharenko, Dzmitry Zavadski, Anatoli Krasouski, Viktar Hanchar.</em></figcaption></figure> <p>Yuri Harauski, former member of President Aliaksandr Lukashenka’s SOBR unit will stand before a criminal court in St. Gallen, Switzerland on 19-20 September 2023. He is accused of having participated in the enforced disappearances of three major political opponents in 1999. The proceeding follows the criminal claims by relatives of two of the victims and is supported by FIDH, TRIAL International and Viasna, which concurrently filed a criminal complaint.</p> <div class="wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex"> <div class="wp-block-button"><a class="wp-block-button__link wp-element-button" href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/belarus-accountability-for-enforced-disappearances-before-swiss-court/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Read our press release</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> <div class="tab-pane fade tab__content--fact" id="context" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="context-tab"> <div class="sidebar-update"> <div class="sidebar-update-header"> Context </div> <div class="sidebar-update-content"> <p>Yuri Harauski is a Belarusian citizen, former member of an elite unit of the Troops of the Belarusian Ministry of Internal Affairs (SOBR), which was created by President Lukashenka in 1998. <strong>Harauski is accused of having participated in the enforced disappearances of two emblematic figures of the opposition to the Lukashenka regime and of a businessman</strong>, who disappeared in 1999, allegedly at the hands of SOBR.</p> <p>Harauski appeared in the media in 2019, reporting in a Deutsche Welle <a href="https://www.dw.com/en/belarus-how-death-squads-targeted-opposition-politicians/a-51685204">article</a> that he had been involved in the three disappearances in 1999. He provided extensive details both on the context of the kidnappings and on the killings of the victims. According to the information available, he arrived in the Switzerland to seek asylum, arguing that his life was at risk in Belarus given his will to speak out about his past involvement within SOBR.</p> <p><strong>In Spring 2021, two relatives of the victims, along with TRIAL International, the Fédération International pour les droits humains (FIDH) and the Human Rights Center “Viasna”, filed criminal complaints for the crime of <a href="https://trialinternational.org/topics-post/enforced-disappearance/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">enforced disappearances</a></strong> with the office of the Prosecutor of St. Gallen (Swiss Canton where the suspect was residing). On 2 May 2022, the Office of the Prosecutor concluded the investigation and charged the suspect in court.</p> <p><a href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/belarus-accountability-for-enforced-disappearances-before-swiss-court/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Yuri Harauski’s trial took place before the District Court of Rorschach (canton of St. Gallen, Switzerland) on 19-20 September 2023</a>. <strong>On 28 September 2023 <a href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/belarus-acquittal-of-lukashenka-regime-henchman-in-switzerland/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">the court acqutted Yuri Harauski</a> of the crime of enforced disappearance of the three political opponents in 1999</strong>. While it recognised the responsibility of the regime in the crimes, the judges were not convinced of the involvement of the defendant in the events.</p> <p>HISTORICAL BACKGROUND</p> <p>Since his first election as president of Belarus in 1994, Aliaksandr Lukashenka has been ruling with an iron fist. For three decades, political opponents, human rights activists, lawyers, journalists and ordinary citizens have been deprived of their fundamental rights and subjected to massive and systematic state violence, ill-treatment, <a href="https://trialinternational.org/topics-post/torture/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">torture</a>, <a href="https://trialinternational.org/topics-post/arbitrary-detention/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">arbitrary arrest and detention</a>. Enforced disappearances have been one of the tools used by the government to shut down any contestation.</p> <p>In 1998, Lukashenka created the SOBR unit composed of elite troops of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, which received orders from the highest government levels, unofficially tasked with surveilling, kidnapping, and eliminating political opponents.</p> <p>Between May and September 1999, in Minsk, several leading figures of the opposition disappeared allegedly after being seized by members of the SOBR in circumstances that are still not clear. Amongst them were Yury Zakharenka, former Minister of Interior; Viktar Hanchar, former Deputy Prime Minister during the early years of Lukashenka’s presidency; and Anatoly Krasouski, a businessman and close friend of Hanchar.</p> <p style="text-align: center;">***</p> <p>>> You can read more about <a href="https://ujim.trialinternational.org/latest-post/27341/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">the case of Yuri Harauski in our <strong>Universal Jurisdiction Interactive Map</strong></a> (UJIM).</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="latest-carousel-section"> <h2 class="text-xs-center text-uppercase"> <span class="title-wrap orange">Other Cases</span> </h2> <div id="latest-carousel" class="carousel slide" data-ride="carousel"> <div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox"> <div class="carousel-item active"> <div class="container container-1200"> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-3 slider-item"> <div class="text-uppercase text-xs-right"> <span class="tag">Case</span> </div> <div class="title"> <h3><a href="https://trialinternational.org/case/donat-kwenga-omari/"> Donat Kwenga Omari</a> </h3> <div><span class="tag tag--ontrial">Ongoing</span> </div> <small>15.11.2024</small> </div> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="country"> <img width="20" src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/themes/tri/assets/images/icons/globe.svg" alt="Globe" /> <a href="https://trialinternational.org/countries-post/democratic-republic-of-the-congo/">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a> </div> <div class="summary"> <p>Kwenga Omari, alias Donat, is a Congolese national and former leader of a Raia Mutomboki militia accused of crimes against humanity, allegedly committed in the territories of Shabunda and Kalehe in the East of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) between 2017 and 2021.</p> <!-- <a href="https://trialinternational.org/case/donat-kwenga-omari/"><i class="fa fa-arrow-right"></i></a> --> </div> <a href="https://trialinternational.org/case/donat-kwenga-omari/"> <img width="1024" height="415" src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Donat_map_final_FEATURED_EN-1024x415.png" class="attachment-article_small size-article_small wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Donat_map_final_FEATURED_EN-1024x415.png 1024w, https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Donat_map_final_FEATURED_EN-300x122.png 300w, https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Donat_map_final_FEATURED_EN-768x311.png 768w, https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Donat_map_final_FEATURED_EN-1536x623.png 1536w, https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Donat_map_final_FEATURED_EN-2048x831.png 2048w, https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Donat_map_final_FEATURED_EN-1800x730.png 1800w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /> </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-3 slider-item"> <div class="text-uppercase text-xs-right"> <span class="tag">Case</span> </div> <div class="title"> <h3><a href="https://trialinternational.org/case/kamonia/">Kamonia</a> </h3> <div><span class="tag tag--ontrial">Closed</span> </div> <small>15.10.2024</small> </div> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="country"> <img width="20" src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/themes/tri/assets/images/icons/globe.svg" alt="Globe" /> <a href="https://trialinternational.org/countries-post/democratic-republic-of-the-congo/">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a> </div> <div class="summary"> <p>On May 20, the trial of a dozen militiamen, local politicians and representatives of the Congolese security forces for war crimes and crimes against humanity committed in the Kamonia territory between 2017 and 2018 opened in Tshikapa (Kasai province, Democratic Republic of Congo).</p> <!-- <a href="https://trialinternational.org/case/kamonia/"><i class="fa fa-arrow-right"></i></a> --> </div> <a href="https://trialinternational.org/case/kamonia/"> <img width="1024" height="415" src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/EN_Kamonia_map_sans-logo--1024x415.png" class="attachment-article_small size-article_small wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/EN_Kamonia_map_sans-logo--1024x415.png 1024w, https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/EN_Kamonia_map_sans-logo--300x122.png 300w, https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/EN_Kamonia_map_sans-logo--768x311.png 768w, https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/EN_Kamonia_map_sans-logo--1536x623.png 1536w, https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/EN_Kamonia_map_sans-logo--2048x831.png 2048w, https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/EN_Kamonia_map_sans-logo--1800x730.png 1800w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /> </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-3 slider-item"> <div class="text-uppercase text-xs-right"> <span class="tag">Case</span> </div> <div class="title"> <h3><a href="https://trialinternational.org/case/michael-correa/">Michael Correa</a> </h3> <div><span class="tag tag--ontrial">Upcoming</span> </div> <small>19.09.2024</small> </div> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="country"> <img width="20" src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/themes/tri/assets/images/icons/globe.svg" alt="Globe" /> <a href="https://trialinternational.org/countries-post/gambia/">The Gambia</a> </div> <div class="summary"> <p>Michael Correa is a Gambian citizen accused of having been part of the “Junglers” death squad that allegedly committed human rights abuses on behalf of former President of The Gambia, Yahya Jammeh. The US Department of Justice <a href="https://cja.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/correa_indictment_filed_0-1.pdfhttps:/cja.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/correa_indictment_filed_0-1.pdf">charged</a> Correa with torture and conspiracy to commit torture of at least six people in 2006. <strong>His trial</strong>, which was set start on 16 September 2024 in Denver, <strong>has been postponed to 7 April 2025</strong>.</p> <!-- <a href="https://trialinternational.org/case/michael-correa/"><i class="fa fa-arrow-right"></i></a> --> </div> <a href="https://trialinternational.org/case/michael-correa/"> <img width="1024" height="404" src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/CASES_Man_featured.png" class="attachment-article_small size-article_small wp-post-image" alt="Anonymous portrait of a man." decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/CASES_Man_featured.png 1024w, https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/CASES_Man_featured-300x118.png 300w, https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/CASES_Man_featured-768x303.png 768w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /> </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-3 slider-item"> <div class="text-uppercase text-xs-right"> <span class="tag">Case</span> </div> <div class="title"> <h3><a href="https://trialinternational.org/case/bai-l/">Bai Lowe</a> </h3> <div><span class="tag tag--ontrial">Ongoing</span> </div> <small>30.07.2024</small> </div> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="country"> <img width="20" src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/themes/tri/assets/images/icons/globe.svg" alt="Globe" /> <a href="https://trialinternational.org/countries-post/gambia/">The Gambia</a> </div> <div class="summary"> <p>Bai Lowe, a former member of the paramilitary unit known as “Junglers” of former Gambian President Yahya Jammeh, <strong>was sentenced to life imprisonment by a German court in November 2023</strong> for two murders and an attempted murder constituting crimes against humanity. This was the first trial held on the basis of universal jurisdiction for crimes committed in The Gambia during the Jammeh era.</p> <!-- <a href="https://trialinternational.org/case/bai-l/"><i class="fa fa-arrow-right"></i></a> --> </div> <a href="https://trialinternational.org/case/bai-l/"> <img width="1024" height="404" src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/CASES_Man_featured.png" class="attachment-article_small size-article_small wp-post-image" alt="Anonymous portrait of a man." decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/CASES_Man_featured.png 1024w, https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/CASES_Man_featured-300x118.png 300w, https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/CASES_Man_featured-768x303.png 768w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="carousel-item "> <div class="container container-1200"> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-3 slider-item"> <div class="text-uppercase text-xs-right"> <span class="tag">Case</span> </div> <div class="title"> <h3><a href="https://trialinternational.org/case/rifaat-al-assad/">Rifaat al-Assad</a> </h3> <div><span class="tag tag--ontrial">Upcoming</span> </div> <small>30.07.2024</small> </div> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="country"> <img width="20" src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/themes/tri/assets/images/icons/globe.svg" alt="Globe" /> <a href="https://trialinternational.org/countries-post/syria/">Syria</a> </div> <div class="summary"> <p>Since December 2013, Rifaat al-Assad has been under investigation for his alleged role in the massacres committed in the Syrian city of Hama in February 1982 by the “Defense brigades”, that he commanded at the time. After issuing an international arrest warrant against him in November 2021, <strong>the OAG indicted him on 11 March 2024 for war crimes and crimes against humanity</strong>.</p> <!-- <a href="https://trialinternational.org/case/rifaat-al-assad/"><i class="fa fa-arrow-right"></i></a> --> </div> <a href="https://trialinternational.org/case/rifaat-al-assad/"> <img width="1024" height="404" src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/CASES_Rifaat_featured-1.png" class="attachment-article_small size-article_small wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/CASES_Rifaat_featured-1.png 1024w, https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/CASES_Rifaat_featured-1-300x118.png 300w, https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/CASES_Rifaat_featured-1-768x303.png 768w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /> </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-3 slider-item"> <div class="text-uppercase text-xs-right"> <span class="tag">Case</span> </div> <div class="title"> <h3><a href="https://trialinternational.org/case/ousman-sonko/">Ousman Sonko</a> </h3> <div><span class="tag tag--ontrial">Ongoing</span> </div> <small>30.07.2024</small> </div> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="country"> <img width="20" src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/themes/tri/assets/images/icons/globe.svg" alt="Globe" /> <a href="https://trialinternational.org/countries-post/gambia/">The Gambia</a> </div> <div class="summary"> <p>Ousman Sonko was Minister of Interior of The Gambia between 2006 and 2016, during the dictatorship of former President Yahya Jammeh. TRIAL International filed a criminal complaint against him in 2017. His trial took place in January and March 2024 before the Swiss Federal Criminal Court. <strong>Ousman Sonko was sentenced to 20 years in prison for crimes against humanity on 15 May 2024</strong>.</p> <!-- <a href="https://trialinternational.org/case/ousman-sonko/"><i class="fa fa-arrow-right"></i></a> --> </div> <a href="https://trialinternational.org/case/ousman-sonko/"> <img width="1024" height="415" src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Sonko_featured-1024x415.png" class="attachment-article_small size-article_small wp-post-image" alt="Portrait of Ousman Sonko, former Minister of Interior of The Gambia" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Sonko_featured-1024x415.png 1024w, https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Sonko_featured-1800x730.png 1800w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /> </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-3 slider-item"> <div class="text-uppercase text-xs-right"> <span class="tag">Case</span> </div> <div class="title"> <h3><a href="https://trialinternational.org/case/khaled-nezzar/">Khaled Nezzar</a> </h3> <div><span class="tag tag--ontrial">Closed</span> </div> <small>30.07.2024</small> </div> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="country"> <img width="20" src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/themes/tri/assets/images/icons/globe.svg" alt="Globe" /> <a href="https://trialinternational.org/countries-post/algeria/">Algeria</a> </div> <div class="summary"> <p>Khaled Nezzar, former Algerian Minister of Defence, was arrested in Geneva in October 2011, following a denunciation by TRIAL International. After lengthy proceedings, the Office of the Attorney General filed an indictment for war crimes against him in August 2023. He died in December 2023. <strong>His trial had been scheduled to take place between 17 June and 19 July 2024</strong>.</p> <!-- <a href="https://trialinternational.org/case/khaled-nezzar/"><i class="fa fa-arrow-right"></i></a> --> </div> <a href="https://trialinternational.org/case/khaled-nezzar/"> <img width="1024" height="404" src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/CASES_Nezzar_featured.png" class="attachment-article_small size-article_small wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/CASES_Nezzar_featured.png 1024w, https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/CASES_Nezzar_featured-300x118.png 300w, https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/CASES_Nezzar_featured-768x303.png 768w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /> </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-3 slider-item"> <div class="text-uppercase text-xs-right"> <span class="tag">Case</span> </div> <div class="title"> <h3><a href="https://trialinternational.org/case/ndarumanga/">Ndarumanga</a> </h3> <div><span class="tag tag--ontrial">On trial</span> </div> <small>28.05.2024</small> </div> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="country"> <img width="20" src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/themes/tri/assets/images/icons/globe.svg" alt="Globe" /> <a href="https://trialinternational.org/countries-post/democratic-republic-of-the-congo/">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a> </div> <div class="summary"> <div class="sidebar-update-content"> <p>Munyololo Mbao, alias Ndarumanga, is the former leader of a faction of the Raia Mutomboki armed group in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Following his arrest in November 2021, Ndarumanga’s crimes were the subject of a judicial investigation by the military prosecutor that led to his indictment in August 2022 for crimes against humanity. His appeal trial began on May 23.</p> </div> <!-- <a href="https://trialinternational.org/case/ndarumanga/"><i class="fa fa-arrow-right"></i></a> --> </div> <a href="https://trialinternational.org/case/ndarumanga/"> <img width="1024" height="404" src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/CASES_Man_featured.png" class="attachment-article_small size-article_small wp-post-image" alt="Anonymous portrait of a man." decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/CASES_Man_featured.png 1024w, https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/CASES_Man_featured-300x118.png 300w, https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/CASES_Man_featured-768x303.png 768w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="carousel-item "> <div class="container container-1200"> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-3 slider-item"> <div class="text-uppercase text-xs-right"> <span class="tag">Case</span> </div> <div class="title"> <h3><a href="https://trialinternational.org/case/roger-lumbala-tshitenga/">Roger Lumbala Tshitenga</a> </h3> <div><span class="tag tag--ontrial">Upcoming</span> </div> <small>19.03.2024</small> </div> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="country"> <img width="20" src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/themes/tri/assets/images/icons/globe.svg" alt="Globe" /> <a href="https://trialinternational.org/countries-post/democratic-republic-of-the-congo/">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a> </div> <div class="summary"> <p>Roger Lumbala Tshitenga is the former leader of the non-state armed group the Congolese Rally for National Democracy (RCD-N). He was indicted in 2023 for his alleged complicity in and conspiracy to commit crimes against humanity including murder, torture, rape, pillage and enslavement, including sexual slavery, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) between 2002 and 2003.</p> <!-- <a href="https://trialinternational.org/case/roger-lumbala-tshitenga/"><i class="fa fa-arrow-right"></i></a> --> </div> <a href="https://trialinternational.org/case/roger-lumbala-tshitenga/"> <img width="1024" height="404" src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/CASES_RL_featured.png" class="attachment-article_small size-article_small wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/CASES_RL_featured.png 1024w, https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/CASES_RL_featured-300x118.png 300w, https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/CASES_RL_featured-768x303.png 768w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container arrows-container"> <a class="arrow-left" href="#latest-carousel" role="button" data-slide="prev"> <i class="slide-prev fa fa-chevron-left"></i> </a> <a class="arrow-right" href="#latest-carousel" role="button" data-slide="next"> <i class="slide-next fa fa-chevron-right"></i> </a> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div class="container container-1200 text-uppercase text-xs-center view-all"> <a href="/cases/">View All</a> </div> </div> <form name="txt_download_form" id="txt_download_form" target="_blank" action="https://trialinternational.org/case/yuri-harauski/" method="post"> <input name="filename" type="hidden" value="yuri-harauski" /> <input name="html_content" id="html_content" type="hidden" value="" /> </form> </main><footer id="footer" class="footer"> <div class="container"> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-3 address orange"> <p>TRIAL International<br /> Rue de Lyon 95<br /> 1203 Geneva<br /> Switzerland </p> <p>t: +41 22 321 61 10<br /> e: info@trialinternational.org<br /> trialinternational.org</p> <p>IBAN: CH85 0900 0000 1716 2954 3</p> </div> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-6 subscribe"> <div class="title orange">Stay up to date </div> <div class="text"> <p>Subscribe to our monthly newsletter on TRIAL International’s activities and the latest developments in international justice.</p> </div> <form class="footer-subscribe-form form-inline" method="get" action="/newsletter"> <input type="email" name="subscribe_email" placeholder="Enter your email" class="form-control"> <button type="submit" class="btn text-uppercase">Submit</button> </form> </div> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-3 stay-connected text-md-right"> <div class="title orange">Stay connected </div> <div class="social"> <a href="//twitter.com/Trial" target="_blank">Twitter <i class="fa fa-twitter"></i></a> </div> <div class="social"> <a href="//linkedin.com/company/trial-international" target="_blank">Linkedin <i class="fa fa-linkedin"></i></a> </div> <div class="social"> <a href="//facebook.com/trial.org" target="_blank">Facebook <i class="fa fa-facebook"></i></a> </div> <div class="social"> <a href="https://trialinternational.org/feed/" target="_blank">RSS Feed <i class="fa fa-rss"></i></a> </div> </div> </div> </footer> <div id="sea-bed" class="sea-bed container"> <span>©2024 trialinternational.org</span> | <span>All rights reserved</span> | <span><a href="https://trialinternational.org/privacy-policy/">Privacy Policy</a></span> | <span><a href="https://trialinternational.org/statutes/">Statutes</a></span> | <span class="acw"><a target="_blank" href="http://acw.uk.com">Designed and Produced by ACW</a></span> </div> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/themes/tri/assets/tether-1.3.1/js/tether.min.js?ver=20160422" id="tri-tether-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/themes/tri/assets/bootstrapv4.0.0-alpha.2/js/bootstrap.min.js?ver=20160421" id="tri-bootstrap-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/themes/tri/assets/js/tri-header.js?ver=20160421" id="tri-header-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/themes/tri/assets/js/tri.js?ver=1728284652" id="tri-js-js"></script> <!-- Cookie Notice plugin v2.5.3 by Hu-manity.co https://hu-manity.co/ --> <div id="cookie-notice" role="dialog" class="cookie-notice-hidden cookie-revoke-hidden cn-position-bottom" aria-label="Cookie Notice" style="background-color: rgba(50,50,58,1);"><div class="cookie-notice-container" style="color: #fff"><span id="cn-notice-text" class="cn-text-container">We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best browsing experience on our website. 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