Authorization Scopes | Apps Script | Google for Developers

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data-category="Workspace top menu navigation" data-label="Tab menu: Resources - Admin console" > <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Admin console </div> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://script.google.com/" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://script.google.com/" track-metadata-position="nav - resources" track-metadata-module="tertiary nav" track-metadata-module_headline="tools" tooltip data-category="Workspace top menu navigation" data-label="Tab menu: Resources - Apps Script dashboard" target="_blank" > <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Apps Script dashboard </div> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://console.cloud.google.com/workspace-api" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://console.cloud.google.com/workspace-api" track-metadata-position="nav - resources" track-metadata-module="tertiary nav" track-metadata-module_headline="tools" tooltip target="console" data-label="Tab menu: Resources - Google Cloud console" data-category="Workspace top menu navigation" > <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Google Cloud console </div> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://developers.google.com/workspace/explore" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://developers.google.com/workspace/explore" track-metadata-position="nav - resources" track-metadata-module="tertiary nav" track-metadata-module_headline="tools" tooltip data-label="Tab menu: Resources - APIs Explorer" data-category="Workspace top menu navigation" > <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> APIs Explorer </div> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://addons.gsuite.google.com/uikit/builder" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://addons.gsuite.google.com/uikit/builder" track-metadata-position="nav - resources" track-metadata-module="tertiary nav" track-metadata-module_headline="tools" tooltip data-category="Workspace top menu navigation" target="_blank" data-label="Tab menu: Resources - Card Builder" > <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Card Builder </div> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="devsite-tabs-dropdown-column "> <ul class="devsite-tabs-dropdown-section "> <li class="devsite-nav-title" role="heading" tooltip>Training & support</li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://developers.google.com/workspace/guides/get-started" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://developers.google.com/workspace/guides/get-started" track-metadata-position="nav - resources" track-metadata-module="tertiary nav" track-metadata-module_headline="training & support" tooltip data-label="Tab menu: Resources - How to get started" data-category="Workspace top menu navigation" > <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> How to get started </div> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://codelabs.developers.google.com/?product=googleworkspace" track-type="nav" 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<li class="devsite-nav-title" role="heading" tooltip>Updates</li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://developers.googleblog.com/search/?query=Google+Workspace" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://developers.googleblog.com/search/?query=Google+Workspace" track-metadata-position="nav - resources" track-metadata-module="tertiary nav" track-metadata-module_headline="updates" tooltip data-category="Workspace top menu navigation" target="_blank" data-label="Tab menu: Resources - Blog" > <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Blog </div> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://developers.google.com/workspace/preview" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://developers.google.com/workspace/preview" track-metadata-position="nav - resources" track-metadata-module="tertiary nav" track-metadata-module_headline="updates" tooltip data-label="Tab menu: Resources - Developer previews" data-category="Workspace top menu navigation" > <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Developer Previews </div> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://developers.google.com/workspace/newsletters" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://developers.google.com/workspace/newsletters" track-metadata-position="nav - resources" track-metadata-module="tertiary nav" track-metadata-module_headline="updates" tooltip data-label="Tab menu: Resources - Newsletter" data-category="Workspace top menu navigation" > <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Newsletter </div> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://twitter.com/workspacedevs" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://twitter.com/workspacedevs" track-metadata-position="nav - resources" track-metadata-module="tertiary nav" track-metadata-module_headline="updates" tooltip target="_blank" data-category="Workspace top menu navigation" data-label="Tab menu: Resources - X (Twitter)" > <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> X (Twitter) </div> </a> 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M140.89,29.92l3.93,2.62c-1.27,1.88-4.32,5.11-9.61,5.11c-6.55,0-11.28-5.07-11.28-11.53c0-6.86,4.77-11.53,10.71-11.53c5.98,0,8.91,4.76,9.87,7.34l0.52,1.31l-15.42,6.38c1.18,2.31,3.01,3.49,5.59,3.49C137.79,33.11,139.58,31.84,140.89,29.92zM128.79,25.77l10.31-4.28c-0.57-1.44-2.27-2.45-4.28-2.45C132.24,19.04,128.66,21.31,128.79,25.77z"/> </svg>Workspace </a> </li> </ul> </span> </div> </div> <div class="devsite-book-nav-wrapper"> <div class="devsite-mobile-nav-top"> <ul class="devsite-nav-list"> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/workspace" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Home" track-name="home" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Home" track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Home </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/apps-script" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event devsite-nav-active" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Apps Script" track-name="apps script" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Apps Script" track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Apps Script </span> </a> <ul class="devsite-nav-responsive-tabs"> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/apps-script" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event devsite-nav-has-children " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Overview" track-name="overview" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Overview" track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Overview </span> <span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="forward" > </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a 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track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Support </span> <span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="forward" > </span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/workspace/products-menu" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: All products" track-name="all products" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: All products" track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > All products </span> </a> <ul class="devsite-nav-responsive-tabs devsite-nav-has-menu "> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <span class="devsite-nav-title" tooltip data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: All products" track-name="all products" > <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip menu="All products"> More </span> <span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="forward" menu="All products"> </span> </span> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/workspace/resources-menu" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Resources" track-name="resources" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Resources" track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Resources </span> </a> <ul class="devsite-nav-responsive-tabs devsite-nav-has-menu "> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <span class="devsite-nav-title" tooltip data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Resources" track-name="resources" > <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip menu="Resources"> More </span> <span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="forward" menu="Resources"> </span> </span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="devsite-mobile-nav-bottom"> <ul class="devsite-nav-list" menu="_book"> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/overview" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/overview" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/overview" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Overview</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/dashboard" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/dashboard" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/dashboard" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Apps Script dashboard</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable devsite-nav-accordion"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Explore the development environment</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/projects" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/projects" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/projects" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Script projects</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/concepts/manifests" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/concepts/manifests" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/concepts/manifests" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manifests</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/concepts/scopes" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/concepts/scopes" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/concepts/scopes" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Scopes</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/concepts/deployments" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/concepts/deployments" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/concepts/deployments" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Deployments</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/cloud-platform-projects" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/cloud-platform-projects" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/cloud-platform-projects" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Google Cloud projects</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/logging" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/logging" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/logging" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Logging</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/client-verification" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/client-verification" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/client-verification" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>OAuth client verification</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/libraries" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/libraries" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/libraries" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Libraries</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/versions" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/versions" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/versions" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Versions</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/collaborating" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/collaborating" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/collaborating" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Collaboration</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/clasp" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/clasp" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/clasp" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Command line interface</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable devsite-nav-accordion"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Apps Script runtimes</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/v8-runtime" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/v8-runtime" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/v8-runtime" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>V8 Runtime overview</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/v8-runtime/migration" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/v8-runtime/migration" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/v8-runtime/migration" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Migrating to the V8 runtime</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable devsite-nav-accordion"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Google services and external APIs</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/services" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/services" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/services" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Built-in Google services</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/services/advanced" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/services/advanced" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/services/advanced" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Advanced Google services</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/services/authorization" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/services/authorization" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/services/authorization" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Authorization</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/services/external" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/services/external" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/services/external" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>External APIs</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable devsite-nav-accordion"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Types of scripts</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/standalone" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/standalone" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/standalone" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Standalone</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/bound" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/bound" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/bound" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Bound to Google Workspace documents</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable devsite-nav-accordion"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Extend Google Workspace</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Google Docs</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/docs" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/docs" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/docs" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Overview</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/docs/tabs" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/docs/tabs" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/docs/tabs" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Work with tabs</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Google Sheets</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/sheets" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/sheets" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/sheets" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Overview</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/sheets/functions" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/sheets/functions" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/sheets/functions" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Custom functions</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/sheets/macros" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/sheets/macros" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/sheets/macros" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Macros</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/sheets/connected-sheets" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/sheets/connected-sheets" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/sheets/connected-sheets" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Connected Sheets</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Google Slides</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/slides" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/slides" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/slides" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Overview</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/slides/presentations" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/slides/presentations" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/slides/presentations" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Structure of a presentation</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/slides/moving-elements" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/slides/moving-elements" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/slides/moving-elements" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Sizing and positioning page elements</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/slides/selecting" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/slides/selecting" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/slides/selecting" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Selecting items in a presentation</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/slides/editing-styling" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/slides/editing-styling" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/slides/editing-styling" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Editing and styling text</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/slides/lifecycle" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/slides/lifecycle" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/slides/lifecycle" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Life cycle of an update</span></a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable devsite-nav-accordion"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Menus, dialogs, and sidebars</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/menus" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/menus" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/menus" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Custom Menus in Google Workspace</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/dialogs" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/dialogs" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/dialogs" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Dialogs and sidebars in Google Workspace</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable devsite-nav-accordion"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>User interfaces</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/html" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/html" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/html" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create and serve HTML</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/html/communication" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/html/communication" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/html/communication" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Client-to-server communication</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/html/templates" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/html/templates" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/html/templates" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Templated HTML</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/html/restrictions" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/html/restrictions" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/html/restrictions" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Restrictions</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/migration/iframe" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/migration/iframe" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/migration/iframe" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Migrate to IFRAME</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/web" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/web" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/web" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Web apps</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/html/best-practices" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/html/best-practices" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/html/best-practices" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Best practices</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable devsite-nav-accordion"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Store and serve data</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/properties" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/properties" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/properties" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Script, user, and document properties</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/jdbc" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/jdbc" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/jdbc" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>External databases via JDBC</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/content" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/content" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/content" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Content service</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable devsite-nav-accordion"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Admin management</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/admin/assign-cloud-permissions" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/admin/assign-cloud-permissions" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/admin/assign-cloud-permissions" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Assign permissions for Google Cloud projects</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/admin/monitor-restrict-oauth-scopes" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/admin/monitor-restrict-oauth-scopes" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/admin/monitor-restrict-oauth-scopes" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Monitor and restrict data access</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/admin/monitor-use" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/admin/monitor-use" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/admin/monitor-use" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Monitor and control Apps Script use</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/admin/view-cloud-projects" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/admin/view-cloud-projects" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/admin/view-cloud-projects" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>View or edit Google Cloud projects</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable devsite-nav-accordion"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Convert VBA Macros to Apps Script</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/macro-converter/overview" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/macro-converter/overview" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/macro-converter/overview" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Overview</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/macro-converter/compatibility-report" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/macro-converter/compatibility-report" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/macro-converter/compatibility-report" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Determine VBA compatibility</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/macro-converter/convert-files" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/macro-converter/convert-files" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/macro-converter/convert-files" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Convert VBA macros to Apps Script</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/macro-converter/fix-conversion-errors" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/macro-converter/fix-conversion-errors" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/macro-converter/fix-conversion-errors" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Fix conversion errors</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/macro-converter/address-conversion-issues" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/macro-converter/address-conversion-issues" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/macro-converter/address-conversion-issues" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Address common issues</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/macro-converter/tutorials" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/macro-converter/tutorials" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/macro-converter/tutorials" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Watch video tutorials</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/macro-converter/compatible-vba-apis" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/macro-converter/compatible-vba-apis" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/macro-converter/compatible-vba-apis" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>View list of compatible VBA APIs</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable devsite-nav-accordion"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use the REST API</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/api/concepts" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/api/concepts" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/api/concepts" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Introduction</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Quickstarts</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/api/quickstart/js" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/api/quickstart/js" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/api/quickstart/js" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>JavaScript</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/api/quickstart/go" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/api/quickstart/go" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/api/quickstart/go" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Go</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/api/quickstart/java" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/api/quickstart/java" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/api/quickstart/java" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Java</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/api/quickstart/nodejs" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/api/quickstart/nodejs" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/api/quickstart/nodejs" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Node.js</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/api/quickstart/python" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/api/quickstart/python" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/api/quickstart/python" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Python</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Concepts</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/api/concepts/processes" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/api/concepts/processes" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/api/concepts/processes" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Processes</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>How To...</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/api/how-tos/enable" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/api/how-tos/enable" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/api/how-tos/enable" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Enable script authorization and access</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/api/how-tos/manage-projects" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/api/how-tos/manage-projects" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/api/how-tos/manage-projects" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage script projects</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/api/how-tos/manage-deployments" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/api/how-tos/manage-deployments" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/api/how-tos/manage-deployments" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage script deployments</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/api/how-tos/manage-versions" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/api/how-tos/manage-versions" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/api/how-tos/manage-versions" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage script versions</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/api/how-tos/view-processes" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/api/how-tos/view-processes" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/api/how-tos/view-processes" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>View process information</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/api/how-tos/execute" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/api/how-tos/execute" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/api/how-tos/execute" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Execute a function</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/api/troubleshoot-authentication-authorization" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/api/troubleshoot-authentication-authorization" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/api/troubleshoot-authentication-authorization" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot authentication & authorization</span></a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li> </ul> <ul class="devsite-nav-list" menu="All products" aria-label="Side menu" hidden> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"> <span class="devsite-nav-title" tooltip > <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Google Workspace apps </span> </span> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/admin-sdk" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Admin console" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Admin console </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/cloud-search" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Cloud Search" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Cloud Search </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/gmail" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Gmail" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Gmail </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/calendar" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Google Calendar" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Google Calendar </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/workspace/chat" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Google Chat" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Google Chat </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/classroom" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Google Classroom" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Google Classroom </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/docs" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Google Docs" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Google Docs </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/drive" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Google Drive" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Google Drive </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"> <span class="devsite-nav-title" tooltip > <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > </span> </span> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/workspace/forms" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Google Forms" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Google Forms </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/keep" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Google Keep" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Google Keep </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/meet" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Google Meet" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Google Meet </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/sheets" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Google Sheets" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Google Sheets </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/workspace/sites" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Google Sites" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Google Sites </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/slides" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Google Slides" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Google Slides </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/tasks" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Google Tasks" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Google Tasks </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/vault" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Google Vault" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Google Vault </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"> <span class="devsite-nav-title" tooltip > <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Extend, automate & share </span> </span> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/workspace/add-ons" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Add-ons" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Add-ons </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/apps-script" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Apps Script" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Apps Script </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/workspace/chat/overview" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Chat apps" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Chat apps </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/drive/api/guides/about-apps" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Drive apps" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Drive apps </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/workspace/marketplace" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Marketplace" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Marketplace </span> </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="devsite-nav-list" menu="Resources" aria-label="Side menu" hidden> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"> <span class="devsite-nav-title" tooltip > <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Tools </span> </span> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://admin.google.com/" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Admin console" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Admin console </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://script.google.com/" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Apps Script dashboard" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Apps Script dashboard </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://console.cloud.google.com/workspace-api" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Google Cloud console" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Google Cloud console </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/workspace/explore" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: APIs Explorer" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > APIs Explorer </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://addons.gsuite.google.com/uikit/builder" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Card Builder" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Card Builder </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"> <span class="devsite-nav-title" tooltip > <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Training & support </span> </span> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/workspace/guides/get-started" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: How to get started" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > How to get started </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://codelabs.developers.google.com/?product=googleworkspace" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Codelabs" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Codelabs </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/workspace/support" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Developer support" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Developer support </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"> <span class="devsite-nav-title" tooltip > <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Updates </span> </span> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://developers.googleblog.com/search/?query=Google+Workspace" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Blog" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Blog </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/workspace/preview" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Developer Previews" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Developer Previews </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/workspace/newsletters" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Newsletter" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Newsletter </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://twitter.com/workspacedevs" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: X (Twitter)" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > X (Twitter) </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUcg6az6etU_gRtZVAhBXaw" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: YouTube" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > YouTube </span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </devsite-book-nav> <section id="gc-wrapper"> <main role="main" id="main-content" class="devsite-main-content" has-book-nav > <devsite-content> <article class="devsite-article"> <div class="devsite-article-meta nocontent" role="navigation"> <ul class="devsite-breadcrumb-list" aria-label="Breadcrumb"> <li class="devsite-breadcrumb-item "> <a href="https://developers.google.com/" class="devsite-breadcrumb-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Breadcrumbs" data-value="1" track-type="globalNav" track-name="breadcrumb" track-metadata-position="1" track-metadata-eventdetail="" > Home </a> </li> <li class="devsite-breadcrumb-item "> <div class="devsite-breadcrumb-guillemet material-icons" aria-hidden="true"></div> <a href="https://developers.google.com/workspace" class="devsite-breadcrumb-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Breadcrumbs" data-value="2" track-type="globalNav" track-name="breadcrumb" track-metadata-position="2" track-metadata-eventdetail="Google Workspace" > Google Workspace </a> </li> <li class="devsite-breadcrumb-item "> <div class="devsite-breadcrumb-guillemet material-icons" aria-hidden="true"></div> <a href="https://developers.google.com/apps-script" class="devsite-breadcrumb-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Breadcrumbs" data-value="3" track-type="globalNav" track-name="breadcrumb" track-metadata-position="3" track-metadata-eventdetail="Google Apps Script" > Apps Script </a> </li> <li class="devsite-breadcrumb-item "> <div class="devsite-breadcrumb-guillemet material-icons" aria-hidden="true"></div> <a href="https://developers.google.com/apps-script/overview" class="devsite-breadcrumb-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Breadcrumbs" data-value="4" track-type="globalNav" track-name="breadcrumb" track-metadata-position="4" track-metadata-eventdetail="" > Guides </a> </li> </ul> <devsite-thumb-rating position="header"> </devsite-thumb-rating> </div> <devsite-feedback position="header" project-name="Apps Script" product-id="717201" bucket="apps-script" context="" version="t-devsite-webserver-20250211-r00-rc00.466928320959134316" data-label="Send Feedback Button" track-type="feedback" track-name="sendFeedbackLink" track-metadata-position="header" class="nocontent" project-feedback-url="https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/new?component=191640&template=824113" project-icon="https://www.gstatic.com/images/branding/product/2x/apps_script_48dp.png" project-support-url="https://developers.google.com/apps-script/support" > <button> Send feedback </button> </devsite-feedback> <h1 class="devsite-page-title" tabindex="-1"> Authorization Scopes </h1> <devsite-feature-tooltip ack-key="AckCollectionsBookmarkTooltipDismiss" analytics-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" analytics-action-show="Callout Profile displayed" analytics-action-close="Callout Profile dismissed" analytics-label="Create Collection Callout" class="devsite-page-bookmark-tooltip nocontent" dismiss-button="true" id="devsite-collections-dropdown" dismiss-button-text="Dismiss" close-button-text="Got it"> <devsite-bookmark></devsite-bookmark> <span slot="popout-heading"> Stay organized with collections </span> <span slot="popout-contents"> Save and categorize content based on your preferences. </span> </devsite-feature-tooltip> <devsite-key-takeaways></devsite-key-takeaways> <div class="devsite-page-title-meta"><devsite-view-release-notes></devsite-view-release-notes></div> <devsite-toc class="devsite-nav" depth="2" devsite-toc-embedded > </devsite-toc> <div class="devsite-article-body clearfix "> <p>Users must authorize script projects that access their data or act on their behalf. When a user runs a script that requires authorization for the first time, the UI presents a prompt to start the authorization flow.</p> <p>During this flow, the UI tells the user what the script wants permission to do. For example, a script might want permission to read the user's email messages or create events in their calendar. The script project defines these individual permissions as <em>OAuth scopes</em>.</p> <p>For most scripts, Apps Script automatically detects what scopes are needed for you; you can <a href="#view-scopes">view the scopes</a> a script uses at any time. You can also <a href="#set-explicit">set scopes explicitly</a> in your <a href="/apps-script/concepts/manifests">manifest</a> using URL strings. Setting scopes explicitly is sometimes required for certain applications like <a href="/workspace/add-ons/overview">add-ons</a>, since published applications should always use the narrowest scopes possible.</p> <p>During the authorization flow, Apps Script presents human-readable descriptions of the required scopes to the user. For example, if your script needs read-only access to your spreadsheets, the manifest may have the scope <code translate="no" dir="ltr">https://www.googleapis.com/auth/spreadsheets.readonly</code>. During the authorization flow, a script with this scope asks the user to allow this application to "View your Google Spreadsheets".</p> <p>Some scopes are inclusive of others. For example, when authorized the scope <code translate="no" dir="ltr">https://www.googleapis.com/auth/spreadsheets</code> allows read and write access to spreadsheets.</p> <p>For some surfaces where scripts run, such as running a script directly from the Apps Script IDE, users are presented with the granular OAuth consent screen. This lets users select specific permissions to grant rather than granting all permissions at once. It's important to design your script to <a href="#handle-granular">handle granular OAuth permissions</a>.</p> <h2 id="view-scopes" data-text="View scopes" tabindex="-1">View scopes</h2> <p>You can see the scopes your script project currently requires by doing the following:</p> <ol> <li>Open the script project.</li> <li>At the left, click <strong>Overview</strong> <span class="material-icons" aria-hidden="true" translate="no">info_outline</span>.</li> <li>View the scopes under <strong>Project OAuth Scopes</strong>.</li> </ol> <h2 id="set-explicit" data-text="Set explicit scopes" tabindex="-1">Set explicit scopes</h2> <p>Apps Script automatically determines what scopes a script needs by scanning its code for function calls that require them. For most scripts this is sufficient and saves you time, but for published add-ons, web apps, Google Chat apps, and calls to Google Chat API you must exercise more direct control of the scopes.</p> <p>Apps Script sometimes automatically assigns projects very permissive scopes. This can mean your script asks the user for more than it needs, which is bad practice. For published scripts, you must replace broad scopes with a more limited set that cover the script's needs and no more.</p> <aside class="warning"><strong>Warning:</strong><span> Always use the least permissive scope set possible. To protect user information, add-ons and other published applications should <em>never</em> ask for more scope permissions than they absolutely need.</span></aside> <p>You can explicitly set the scopes your script project uses by editing its <a href="/apps-script/concepts/manifests">manifest</a> file. The manifest field <code translate="no" dir="ltr">oauthScopes</code> is an array of all scopes used by the project. To set your project's scopes, do the following:</p> <ol> <li>Open the script project.</li> <li>At the left, click <strong>Project Settings</strong> <span class="material-icons" aria-hidden="true" translate="no">settings</span>.</li> <li>Select the <strong>Show "appsscript.json" manifest file in editor</strong> checkbox.</li> <li>At the left, click <strong>Editor</strong> <span class="material-icons" aria-hidden="true" translate="no">code</span>.</li> <li>At the left, click the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">appsscript.json</code> file.</li> <li>Locate the top-level field labeled <code translate="no" dir="ltr">oauthScopes</code>. If it's not present, you can add it.</li> <li>The <code translate="no" dir="ltr">oauthScopes</code> field specifies an array of strings. To set the scopes your project uses, replace the contents of this array with the scopes you want it to use. For example: <div></div><devsite-code><pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded syntax="Text only"> { ... "oauthScopes": [ "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/spreadsheets.readonly", "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/userinfo.email" ], ... }</pre></devsite-code></li> <li>At the top, click Save <span class="material-icons" aria-hidden="true" translate="no">save</span>.</li> </ol> <h2 id="handle-granular" data-text="Handle granular OAuth permissions" tabindex="-1">Handle granular OAuth permissions</h2> <aside class="note"><strong>Note:</strong><span> The granular OAuth consent screen was first launched to the Apps Script IDE for users executing a script directly from Apps Script. The consent screen will progressively roll out to the remaining surfaces, such as macros, trigger executions, and add-ons over time. For more information, see <a href="https://workspaceupdates.googleblog.com/2025/01/granular-oauth-consent-in-google-apps-script.html">Granular OAuth consent in Google Apps Script IDE executions</a>.</span></aside> <p>The granular OAuth consent screen lets users specify which individual OAuth scopes they want to authorize. Granular OAuth permissions give users more fine-grained control over what account data they choose to share with each script. For example, imagine you develop a script that requests permission for both email and calendar scopes. Your users might want to use your script only for its capabilities with Google Calendar, but not Gmail. With granular OAuth permissions, users can choose to only grant Calendar permission, but not Gmail.</p> <p>The following sections describe the main ways to handle granular OAuth permissions.</p> <h3 id="require-permission" data-text="Automatically require permission for necessary scopes" tabindex="-1">Automatically require permission for necessary scopes</h3> <p>If an execution flow needs permission for scopes in order to work, you can require users to grant those permissions before they can use it. Your script can check if the user has already given permission and, if not, automatically ask them for it.</p> <p>The following methods from the <a href="/apps-script/reference/script/script-app"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">ScriptApp</code> class</a> let you validate permission for required scopes and automatically render the authorization prompt to request any missing permissions:</p> <ul> <li><a href="/apps-script/reference/script/script-app#requirescopesauthmode,-oauthscopes"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">requireScopes(authMode, oAuthScopes)</code></a>: Use this method for execution flows that rely on one or more scopes, but not all the scopes used by your script.</li> <li><a href="/apps-script/reference/script/script-app#requireallscopesauthmode"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">requireAllScopes(authMode)</code></a>: Use this method if an execution flow relies on all of the scopes used by your script.</li> </ul> <h4 id="example" data-text="Example" tabindex="-1">Example</h4> <p>The following example shows how to call the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">requireScopes(authMode, oAuthScopes)</code> and <code translate="no" dir="ltr">requireAllScopes(authMode)</code> methods. The script uses scopes for Gmail, Sheets, and Calendar. The <code translate="no" dir="ltr">sendEmail()</code> function requires only the scopes for Gmail and Sheets while the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">createEventSendEmail()</code> function requires all scopes used by the script.</p> <div></div><devsite-code><pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded syntax="JavaScript"><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><span class="devsite-syntax-c1">// This function requires the Gmail and Sheets scopes.</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-kd">function</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">sendEmail</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">()</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">{</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-c1">// Validates that the user has granted permission for the Gmail and Sheets scopes.</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-c1">// If not, the execution ends and prompts the user for authorization.</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">ScriptApp</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">.</span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">requireScopes</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">(</span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">ScriptApp</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">.</span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">AuthMode</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">.</span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">FULL</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">,</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">[</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-s1">'https://mail.google.com/'</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">,</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-s1">'https://www.googleapis.com/auth/spreadsheets'</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">]);</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-c1">// Sends an email.</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">GmailApp</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">.</span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">sendEmail</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">(</span><span class="devsite-syntax-s2">"dana@example.com"</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">,</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-s2">"Subject"</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">,</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-s2">"Body"</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">);</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">Logger</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">.</span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">log</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">(</span><span class="devsite-syntax-s2">"Email sent successfully!"</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">);</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-c1">// Opens a spreadsheet and sheet to track the sent email.</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-kd">const</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">ss</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-o">=</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">SpreadsheetApp</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">.</span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">openById</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">(</span><span class="devsite-syntax-s2">"abc1234567"</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">);</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-kd">const</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">sheet</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-o">=</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">ss</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">.</span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">getSheetByName</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">(</span><span class="devsite-syntax-s2">"Email Tracker"</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">)</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-c1">// Gets the last row of the sheet.</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-kd">const</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">lastRow</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-o">=</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">sheet</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">.</span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">getLastRow</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">();</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-c1">// Adds "Sent" to column E of the last row of the spreadsheet.</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">sheet</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">.</span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">getRange</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">(</span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">lastRow</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">,</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-mf">5</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">).</span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">setValue</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">(</span><span class="devsite-syntax-s2">"Sent"</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">);</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">Logger</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">.</span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">log</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">(</span><span class="devsite-syntax-s2">"Sheet updated successfully!"</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">);</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-p">}</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-c1">// This function requires all scopes used by the script (Gmail,</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-c1">// Calendar, and Sheets).</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-kd">function</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">createEventSendEmail</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">()</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">{</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-c1">// Validates that the user has granted permission for all scopes used by the</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-c1">// script. If not, the execution ends and prompts the user for authorization.</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">ScriptApp</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">.</span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">requireAllScopes</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">(</span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">ScriptApp</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">.</span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">AuthMode</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">.</span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">FULL</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">);</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-c1">// Creates an event.</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">CalendarApp</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">.</span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">getDefaultCalendar</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">().</span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">createEvent</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">(</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-s2">"Meeting"</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">,</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-ow">new</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-nb">Date</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">(</span><span class="devsite-syntax-s2">"November 28, 2024 10:00:00"</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">),</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-ow">new</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-nb">Date</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">(</span><span class="devsite-syntax-s2">"November 28, 2024 11:00:00"</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">)</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">);</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">Logger</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">.</span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">log</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">(</span><span class="devsite-syntax-s2">"Calendar event created successfully!"</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">);</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-c1">// Sends an email.</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">GmailApp</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">.</span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">sendEmail</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">(</span><span class="devsite-syntax-s2">"dana@example.com"</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">,</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-s2">"Subject 2"</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">,</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-s2">"Body 2"</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">);</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">Logger</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">.</span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">log</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">(</span><span class="devsite-syntax-s2">"Email sent successfully!"</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">);</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-c1">// Opens a spreadsheet and sheet to track the created meeting and sent email.</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-kd">const</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">ss</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-o">=</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">SpreadsheetApp</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">.</span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">openById</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">(</span><span class="devsite-syntax-s2">"abc1234567"</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">);</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-kd">const</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">sheet</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-o">=</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">ss</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">.</span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">getSheetByName</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">(</span><span class="devsite-syntax-s2">"Email and Meeting Tracker"</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">)</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-c1">// Gets the last row</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-kd">const</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">lastRow</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-o">=</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">sheet</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">.</span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">getLastRow</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">();</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-c1">// Adds "Sent" to column E of the last row</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">sheet</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">.</span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">getRange</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">(</span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">lastRow</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">,</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-mf">5</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">).</span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">setValue</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">(</span><span class="devsite-syntax-s2">"Sent"</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">);</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-c1">// Adds "Meeting created" to column F of the last row</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">sheet</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">.</span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">getRange</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">(</span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">lastRow</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">,</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-mf">6</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">).</span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">setValue</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">(</span><span class="devsite-syntax-s2">"Meeting created"</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">);</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">Logger</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">.</span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">log</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">(</span><span class="devsite-syntax-s2">"Sheet updated successfully!"</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">);</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-p">}</span> </code></pre></devsite-code> <h3 id="custom" data-text="Create a custom experience for missing scopes" tabindex="-1">Create a custom experience for missing scopes</h3> <p>You can get the permission details of the user running your script and design a custom experience based on their permission status. For example, you might decide to turn off specific features of your script that require permissions that the user hasn't granted, or present a custom dialog explaining the missing permissions. The following methods get an object with the user's permission information that includes which scopes the user has authorized and a URL to let you request any missing scopes:</p> <ul> <li><a href="/apps-script/reference/script/script-app#getauthorizationinfoauthmode,-oauthscopes"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">getAuthorizationInfo(authMode, oAuthScopes)</code></a>: Use this method to check the permission status for specific scopes.</li> <li><a href="/apps-script/reference/script/script-app#getauthorizationinfoauthmode"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">getAuthorizationInfo(authMode)</code></a>: Use this method to check the permission status for all scopes used by your script.</li> </ul> <p>To get the permission details from the authorization info object, such as a list of which scopes have been authorized and a URL to request missing permissions, use the methods from the <a href="/apps-script/reference/script/authorization-info"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">AuthorizationInfo</code> class</a>.</p> <h4 id="example-2" data-text="Example" tabindex="-1">Example</h4> <p>The following example shows how to call the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">getAuthorizationInfo(authMode, oAuthScopes)</code> method to skip specific features within an execution flow where the required scopes haven't been granted. This lets the rest of the execution flow continue without having to prompt for authorization of the missing scopes.</p> <div></div><devsite-code><pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded syntax="JavaScript"><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><span class="devsite-syntax-c1">// This function uses the Gmail scope and skips the email</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-c1">// capabilities if the scope for Gmail hasn't been granted.</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-kd">function</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">myFunction</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">()</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">{</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-kd">const</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">authInfo</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-o">=</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">ScriptApp</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">.</span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">getAuthorizationInfo</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">(</span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">ScriptApp</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">.</span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">AuthMode</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">.</span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">FULL</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">,</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">[</span><span class="devsite-syntax-s1">'https://mail.google.com/'</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">]);</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-k">if</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">(</span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">authInfo</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">.</span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">getAuthorizationStatus</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">()</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-o">===</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">ScriptApp</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">.</span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">AuthorizationStatus</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">.</span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">NOT_REQUIRED</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">)</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">{</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">GmailApp</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">.</span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">sendEmail</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">(</span><span class="devsite-syntax-s2">"dana@example.com"</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">,</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-s2">"Subject"</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">,</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-s2">"Body"</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">);</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">Logger</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">.</span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">log</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">(</span><span class="devsite-syntax-s2">"Email sent successfully!"</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">);</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">}</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-k">else</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">{</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-kd">const</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">scopesGranted</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-o">=</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">ScriptApp</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">.</span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">getAuthorizationInfo</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">(</span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">ScriptApp</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">.</span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">AuthMode</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">.</span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">FULL</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">).</span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">getAuthorizedScopes</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">();</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">console</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">.</span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">warn</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">(</span><span class="devsite-syntax-sb">`Authorized scopes: </span><span class="devsite-syntax-si">${</span><span class="devsite-syntax-nx">scopesGranted</span><span class="devsite-syntax-si">}</span><span class="devsite-syntax-sb"> not enough to send mail, skipping.`</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">);</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">}</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-c1">// Continue the rest of the execution flow...</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-p">}</span> </code></pre></devsite-code> <h2 id="oauth-verification" data-text="OAuth verification" tabindex="-1">OAuth verification</h2> <p>Certain OAuth scopes are <em>sensitive</em> because they allow access to Google User Data. If your script project uses scopes that allow access to user data, the project must go through <a href="/apps-script/guides/client-verification">OAuth client verification</a> before you can publish it publicly as a web app or <a href="/workspace/add-ons/overview">add-on</a>. For more information, see the following guides:</p> <ul> <li><a href="/apps-script/guides/client-verification">OAuth client verification for Apps Script</a></li> <li><a href="https://support.google.com/cloud/answer/7454865">Unverifed apps</a></li> <li><a href="https://support.google.com/cloud/answer/9110914">OAuth verification FAQ</a></li> <li><a href="/terms/api-services-user-data-policy">Google APIs Service: User Data Policy</a></li> </ul> <h2 id="restricted-scopes" data-text="Restricted scopes" tabindex="-1">Restricted scopes</h2> <p>In addition to sensitive scopes, certain scopes are classified as <a href="https://support.google.com/cloud/answer/9110914#restricted-scopes"><em>restricted</em></a> and subject to additional rules that help protect user data. If you intend to publish a web app or <a href="/workspace/add-ons/overview">add-on</a> that uses one or more restricted scopes, the app must comply with all the specified restrictions before it can be published.</p> <p>Review the <a href="https://support.google.com/cloud/answer/9110914#restricted-scopes">full list of restricted scopes</a> before you attempt to publish. If your app uses any of them, you must comply with the <a href="/terms/api-services-user-data-policy#additional_requirements_for_specific_api_scopes">Additional Requirements for Specific API scopes</a> prior to publishing.</p> <aside class="note"><strong>Note:</strong><span> Avoid using restricted scopes in your app if you can—it is easier to pass review for public publication if you don't use them. You can use restricted scopes freely for non-public apps and scripts.</span></aside> <devsite-hats-survey class="nocontent" hats-id="tebPb3nt10eGRuQsCn30V3hnH7RQ" listnr-id="717201"></devsite-hats-survey> </div> <devsite-thumb-rating position="footer"> </devsite-thumb-rating> <devsite-feedback position="footer" project-name="Apps Script" product-id="717201" bucket="apps-script" context="" version="t-devsite-webserver-20250211-r00-rc00.466928320959134316" data-label="Send Feedback Button" track-type="feedback" track-name="sendFeedbackLink" track-metadata-position="footer" class="nocontent" project-feedback-url="https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/new?component=191640&template=824113" project-icon="https://www.gstatic.com/images/branding/product/2x/apps_script_48dp.png" project-support-url="https://developers.google.com/apps-script/support" > <button> Send feedback </button> </devsite-feedback> <div class="devsite-floating-action-buttons"> </div> </article> <devsite-content-footer class="nocontent"> <p>Except as otherwise noted, the content of this page is licensed under the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License</a>, and code samples are licensed under the <a href="https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache 2.0 License</a>. 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