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<li id="toc-Development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Name" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Name"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Name</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Name-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Research_and_design" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Research_and_design"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>Research and design</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Research_and_design-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Launch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Launch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Launch</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Launch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Discontinuation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Discontinuation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Discontinuation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Discontinuation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Timeline_of_Lisa_models" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Timeline_of_Lisa_models"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Timeline of Lisa models</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Timeline_of_Lisa_models-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Overview" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overview"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Overview</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Overview-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Overview subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Overview-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hardware" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hardware"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Hardware</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hardware-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lisa_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lisa_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Lisa 2</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lisa_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Macintosh_XL" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Macintosh_XL"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1.1</span> <span>Macintosh XL</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Macintosh_XL-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Software" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Software"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Software</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Software-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lisa_OS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lisa_OS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Lisa OS</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lisa_OS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-MacWorks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#MacWorks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>MacWorks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-MacWorks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Third-party_software" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Third-party_software"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.3</span> <span>Third-party software</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Third-party_software-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Reception</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Apple Lisa</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 36 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-36" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">36 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%84_%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A7" title="أبل ليزا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أبل ليزا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Lisa" title="Apple Lisa – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Apple Lisa" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Lisa" title="Apple Lisa – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Apple Lisa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Lisa" title="Apple Lisa – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Apple Lisa" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Lisa" title="Apple Lisa – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Apple Lisa" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Lisa" title="Apple Lisa – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Apple Lisa" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Lisa" title="Apple Lisa – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Apple Lisa" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Lisa" title="Apple Lisa – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Apple Lisa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84_%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="اپل لیسا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اپل لیسا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Lisa" title="Apple Lisa – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Apple Lisa" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Lisa" title="Apple Lisa – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Apple Lisa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%A0%ED%94%8C_%EB%A6%AC%EC%82%AC" title="애플 리사 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="애플 리사" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Lisa" title="Apple Lisa – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Apple Lisa" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Lisa" title="Apple Lisa – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Apple Lisa" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Lisa" title="Apple Lisa – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="Apple Lisa" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Lisa" title="Apple Lisa – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Apple Lisa" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Lisa" title="Apple Lisa – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Apple Lisa" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Lisa" title="Apple Lisa – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Apple Lisa" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BE_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8" title="ആപ്പിൾ ലിസ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ആപ്പിൾ ലിസ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Lisa" title="Apple Lisa – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Apple Lisa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Lisa" title="Apple Lisa – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Apple Lisa" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisa_(%E3%82%B3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%94%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BF)" title="Lisa (コンピュータ) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Lisa (コンピュータ)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Lisa" title="Apple Lisa – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Apple Lisa" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisa" title="Lisa – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Lisa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Lisa" title="Apple Lisa – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Apple Lisa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Lisa" title="Apple Lisa – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Apple Lisa" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Lisa" title="Apple Lisa – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Apple Lisa" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Lisa" title="Apple Lisa – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Apple Lisa" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Lisa" title="Apple Lisa – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Apple Lisa" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Lisa" title="Apple Lisa – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Apple Lisa" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Lisa" title="Apple Lisa – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Apple Lisa" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Lisa" title="Apple Lisa – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Apple Lisa" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Lisa" title="Apple Lisa – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Apple Lisa" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Lisa" title="Apple Lisa – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="Apple Lisa" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Lisa" title="Apple Lisa – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="Apple Lisa" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Lisa" title="Apple Lisa – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Apple Lisa" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q371482#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Apple+Lisa%22">"Apple Lisa"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Apple+Lisa%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Apple+Lisa%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Apple+Lisa%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Apple+Lisa%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Apple+Lisa%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Original_research plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Original_research" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>possibly contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">original research</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Apple_Lisa&action=edit">improve it</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifying</a> the claims made and adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a>. 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41 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1983-01-19</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Introductory price</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="white-space: nowrap">US$9,995</span> (equivalent to $30,600 in 2023)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Discontinued</th><td class="infobox-data">August 1, 1986<span class="noprint">; 38 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend">1986-08-01</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Units sold</th><td class="infobox-data">10,000<sup id="cite_ref-ogrady_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ogrady-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating system</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="#Lisa_OS">Lisa OS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xenix" title="Xenix">Xenix</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Central_processing_unit" title="Central processing unit">CPU</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Motorola_68000" title="Motorola 68000">Motorola 68000</a> <span class="nowrap">@ 5 <a href="/wiki/Hertz" title="Hertz">MHz</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Memory</th><td class="infobox-data">1 MB RAM,<br />16 KB Boot ROM</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Display</th><td class="infobox-data">12 in (30 cm) monochrome 720×364</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Input</th><td class="infobox-data">Keyboard and mouse</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mass</th><td class="infobox-data">48 lb (22 kg)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Apple_II_Plus" title="Apple II Plus">Apple II Plus</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Apple_III" title="Apple III">Apple III</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_XL" title="Macintosh XL">Macintosh XL</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_128K" title="Macintosh 128K">Macintosh</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Lisa</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Desktop_computer" title="Desktop computer">desktop computer</a> developed by <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a>, produced from January 19, 1983 to August 1, 1986, and succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Mac_(computer)" title="Mac (computer)">Macintosh</a>. It is generally considered the first mass-market <a href="/wiki/Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">personal computer</a> operable through a <a href="/wiki/Graphical_user_interface" title="Graphical user interface">graphical user interface</a> (GUI). In 1983, a machine like the Lisa was still so expensive that it was primarily marketed to individual and small and medium-sized businesses as a groundbreaking new alternative to much bigger and more expensive <a href="/wiki/Mainframe" class="mw-redirect" title="Mainframe">mainframes</a> or <a href="/wiki/Minicomputer" title="Minicomputer">minicomputers</a> such as from <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>, that either require additional, expensive consultancy from the supplier, hiring specially trained personnel, or at least, a much steeper learning curve to maintain and operate. Earlier GUI-controlled personal computers were not mass-marketed; for example, <a href="/wiki/Xerox_PARC" class="mw-redirect" title="Xerox PARC">Xerox PARC</a> manufactured its <a href="/wiki/Xerox_Alto" title="Xerox Alto">Alto</a> workstation only for <a href="/wiki/Xerox" title="Xerox">Xerox</a> and select partners from the early to mid-1970s. </p><p>Development of project "LISA" began in 1978.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It underwent many changes and shipped at <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$9,995</span> (equivalent to $30,600 in 2023) with a five-megabyte <a href="/wiki/Hard_disk_drive" title="Hard disk drive">hard drive</a>. It was affected by its high price, insufficient software, unreliable <a href="/wiki/Apple_FileWare" title="Apple FileWare">FileWare</a> (<a href="/wiki/Codename" class="mw-redirect" title="Codename">codename</a> Twiggy) <a href="/wiki/Floppy_disk" title="Floppy disk">floppy disks</a>, and the imminent release of the cheaper and faster <a href="/wiki/Macintosh_128K" title="Macintosh 128K">Macintosh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AC_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AC-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 79">: 79 </span></sup> Only 60,000 Lisa units were sold in two years.<sup id="cite_ref-AC_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AC-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 77">: 77 </span></sup> </p><p>Lisa was considered a commercial failure but with technical acclaim, introducing several advanced features that reappeared on the Macintosh and eventually <a href="/wiki/IBM_PC_compatible" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM PC compatible">IBM PC compatibles</a>. These include an <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating system</a> with <a href="/wiki/Memory_protection" title="Memory protection">memory protection</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a document-oriented workflow. The <a href="/wiki/Computer_hardware" title="Computer hardware">hardware</a> is more advanced overall than the following Macintosh, including hard disk drive support, up to 2 <a href="/wiki/Megabyte" title="Megabyte">megabytes</a> (MB) of <a href="/wiki/Random-access_memory" title="Random-access memory">random-access memory</a> (RAM), expansion slots, and a larger, higher-resolution display. </p><p>Lisa's CPU and the storage system were strained by the complexity of the operating system and applications, especially its <a href="/wiki/Productivity_software#Office_suite" title="Productivity software">office suite</a>, and by the ad hoc protected memory implementation, due to the lack of a Motorola <a href="/wiki/Memory_management_unit" title="Memory management unit">memory management unit</a>. Cost-cutting measures that target the consumer market, and the delayed availability of the 68000 processor and its impact on the design process, made the user experience sluggish. The <a href="/wiki/Workstation" title="Workstation">workstation</a>-tier high price and lack of a technical software application library made it a difficult sale for all markets. The IBM PC's popularity and Apple's decision to compete with itself through the lower-priced Macintosh also hindered Lisa's acceptance. </p><p>In 1982, after <a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs">Steve Jobs</a> was forced out of the Lisa project by Apple's board of directors,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he appropriated the Macintosh project from <a href="/wiki/Jef_Raskin" title="Jef Raskin">Jef Raskin</a>, who had conceived it as a sub-<span style="white-space: nowrap">$1,000</span> (equivalent to $4,200 in 2023) text-based appliance computer in 1979. Jobs immediately redefined Macintosh to be graphical, but as a less expensive and more focused alternative to Lisa. </p><p>Macintosh's launch in January 1984 quickly surpassed Lisa's underwhelming sales. Jobs began assimilating increasing numbers of Lisa staff, as he had done with the <a href="/wiki/Apple_II" title="Apple II">Apple II</a> division upon taking Raskin's project. Newer Lisa models addressed its shortcomings but, even with a major price reduction, the platform failed to achieve sales volumes comparable to the much less expensive Mac. The Lisa 2/10 is the final model, then rebranded as the high-end <a href="/wiki/Macintosh_XL" title="Macintosh XL">Macintosh XL</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AC_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AC-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 79">: 79 </span></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apple_Lisa&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Development">Development</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apple_Lisa&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Name">Name</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apple_Lisa&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Though the original documentation only refers to it as "The Lisa", Apple officially stated that the name was an <a href="/wiki/Acronym" title="Acronym">acronym</a> for "Local Integrated Software Architecture".<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because Steve Jobs's first daughter was named <a href="/wiki/Lisa_Brennan-Jobs" title="Lisa Brennan-Jobs">Lisa</a> (born in 1978), it was sometimes inferred that the name also had a personal association, and perhaps that the acronym was a <a href="/wiki/Backronym" title="Backronym">backronym</a> contrived later to fit the name. <a href="/wiki/Andy_Hertzfeld" title="Andy Hertzfeld">Andy Hertzfeld</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> said that the acronym was reverse-engineered from the name "Lisa" in late 1982 by the Apple marketing team after they had hired a marketing consultancy firm to find names to replace "Lisa" and "Macintosh" (at the time considered by <a href="/wiki/Jef_Raskin" title="Jef Raskin">Jef Raskin</a> to be merely internal project codenames) and then rejected all of the suggestions. Privately, Hertzfeld and the other software developers used "Lisa: Invented Stupid Acronym", a <a href="/wiki/Recursive_acronym" title="Recursive acronym">recursive backronym</a>, and computer industry <a href="/wiki/Pundit" title="Pundit">pundits</a> coined the term "Let's Invent Some Acronym" to fit Lisa's name. Decades later, Jobs told his biographer <a href="/wiki/Walter_Isaacson" title="Walter Isaacson">Walter Isaacson</a>: "Obviously it was named for my daughter."<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Research_and_design">Research and design</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apple_Lisa&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Research and design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The project began in 1978 as an effort to create a more modern version of the then-conventional design epitomized by the <a href="/wiki/Apple_II" title="Apple II">Apple II</a>. A ten-person team occupied its first dedicated office at 20863 Stevens Creek Boulevard next to the <a href="/wiki/Good_Earth_(restaurant_chain)" title="Good Earth (restaurant chain)">Good Earth</a> restaurant, and nicknamed "the Good Earth building".<sup id="cite_ref-Good_Earth_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Good_Earth-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Initial team leader Ken Rothmuller was soon replaced by <a href="/wiki/John_Couch_(American_executive)" title="John Couch (American executive)">John Couch</a>, under whose direction the project evolved into the "<a href="/wiki/WIMP_(computing)" title="WIMP (computing)">window-and-mouse-driven</a>" form of its eventual release. <a href="/wiki/Trip_Hawkins" title="Trip Hawkins">Trip Hawkins</a> and Jef Raskin contributed to this change in design.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Apple's co-founder Steve Jobs was involved in the concept. </p><p>At Xerox's <a href="/wiki/PARC_(company)" title="PARC (company)">Palo Alto Research Center</a> (PARC), research had already been underway for several years to create a new humanized way to organize the computer screen, which became known as the <a href="/wiki/Desktop_metaphor" title="Desktop metaphor">desktop metaphor</a>. Steve Jobs visited PARC in 1979 and was absorbed and excited by the revolutionary mouse-driven GUI of the <a href="/wiki/Xerox_Alto" title="Xerox Alto">Alto</a>. By late 1979, Jobs successfully negotiated a sale of Apple stock to Xerox, in exchange for his Lisa team receiving two demonstrations of ongoing research projects at PARC. When the Apple team saw the demonstration of the Alto computer, they were able to see in action the basic elements of what constituted a workable GUI. The Lisa team put a great deal of work into making the graphical interface a mainstream commercial product. </p><p>The Lisa was a major project at Apple, which reportedly spent more than <span style="white-space: nowrap">$50 million</span> on its development.<sup id="cite_ref-williams198302_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-williams198302-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More than 90 people participated in the design, plus more in the sales and marketing effort, to launch the machine. <a href="/wiki/Byte_(magazine)" title="Byte (magazine)"><i>BYTE</i></a> magazine credited <a href="/wiki/Wayne_Rosing" title="Wayne Rosing">Wayne Rosing</a> with being the most important person in the development of the computer's hardware until the machine went into production, at which point he became the technical lead for the entire Lisa project. The hardware development team was headed by Robert Paratore.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The industrial design, product design, and mechanical packaging were headed by Bill Dresselhaus, the Principal Product Designer of Lisa, with his team of internal product designers and contract product designers from the firm that eventually became IDEO. <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Daniels" title="Bruce Daniels">Bruce Daniels</a> was in charge of applications development, and <a href="/wiki/Larry_Tesler" title="Larry Tesler">Larry Tesler</a> was in charge of system software.<sup id="cite_ref-byte198302_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-byte198302-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The user interface was designed in six months, after which the hardware, operating system, and applications were all created in parallel. </p><p>In 1982, Steve Jobs was forced out of the Lisa project,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESimonYoung2006_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimonYoung2006-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and he appropriated <a href="/wiki/Jef_Raskin" title="Jef Raskin">Jef Raskin</a>'s existing <a href="/wiki/Macintosh_128K" title="Macintosh 128K">Macintosh</a> project. Raskin had conceived and led Macintosh since 1979 as a text-based appliance computer. Jobs redefined Macintosh as a cheaper and more usable form of Lisa's concepts, and led the <a href="/wiki/Skunkworks_project" title="Skunkworks project">skunkworks project</a> with substantial motivation to compete in parallel with the Lisa team. </p><p>In September 1981, below the announcement of the <a href="/wiki/IBM_Personal_Computer" title="IBM Personal Computer">IBM PC</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/InfoWorld" title="InfoWorld">InfoWorld</a></i> reported on Lisa, "McIntosh", and another Apple computer secretly under development "to be ready for release within a year". It described Lisa as having a 68000 processor and 128KB RAM, and "designed to compete with the new <a href="/wiki/Xerox_Star" title="Xerox Star">Xerox Star</a> at a considerably lower price".<sup id="cite_ref-freiberger19810914_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-freiberger19810914-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 1982, the magazine reported that "Apple's yet-to-be-announced Lisa 68000 network work station is also widely rumored to have <a href="/wiki/Apple_Mouse#Lisa_Mouse_(A9M0050)" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple Mouse">a mouse</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-markoff19820510_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-markoff19820510-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Apple Confidential</i> said, "Finally, and perhaps most damaging, even before the Lisa began shipping in June, the press was full of intentionally-leaked rumors about a fall release of a 'baby Lisa' that would work in much the same way, only faster and cheaper. Its name: Macintosh."<sup id="cite_ref-AC_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AC-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 79">: 79 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Launch">Launch</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apple_Lisa&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Launch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lisa was launched on January 19, 1983.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its low sales were quickly surpassed by the January 1984 launch of the Macintosh. Newer versions of the Lisa were introduced that addressed its faults and lowered its price considerably, but it failed to achieve sales comparable to the much less expensive Mac. The Macintosh project assimilated a lot more Lisa staff. The final revision, the Lisa 2/10, was modified and sold as the <a href="/wiki/Macintosh_XL" title="Macintosh XL">Macintosh XL</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AC_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AC-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 79">: 79 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Discontinuation">Discontinuation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apple_Lisa&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Discontinuation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The high cost and the delays in its release date contributed to the Lisa's discontinuation although it was repackaged and sold at <span style="white-space: nowrap">$4,995</span>, as the Lisa 2. In 1986, the entire Lisa platform was discontinued. </p><p>In 1987, <a href="/wiki/Sun_Remarketing" title="Sun Remarketing">Sun Remarketing</a> purchased about 5,000 <a href="/wiki/Macintosh_XL" title="Macintosh XL">Macintosh XLs</a> and upgraded them. In 1989, with the help of Sun Remarketing, Apple disposed of approximately 2,700 unsold Lisa units in a guarded landfill in <a href="/wiki/Logan,_Utah" title="Logan, Utah">Logan, Utah</a>, to receive a tax write-off on the unsold inventory.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some leftover Lisa computers and spare parts were available until Cherokee Data (which purchased Sun Remarketing) went out of business.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (January 2017)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Timeline_of_Lisa_models">Timeline of Lisa models</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Apple_Inc._products" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of Apple Inc. products">Timeline of Apple Inc. products</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Apple_II_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of the Apple II family">Timeline of the Apple II family</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Apple_Macintosh_models" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of Apple Macintosh models">Timeline of Apple Macintosh models</a></div> <div class="timeline-wrapper"><map name="timeline_2htygw9z9scp7f4mq4xw2v290wky1l4"><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Pentium" coords="824,116,910,137" title="Pentium" alt="Pentium" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Windows_3.1" coords="769,116,855,137" title="Windows 3.1" alt="Windows 3.1" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Linux" coords="715,116,790,137" title="Linux" alt="Linux" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/NeXT" coords="606,116,670,137" title="NeXT" alt="NeXT" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/IBM_Personal_System/2" coords="506,116,570,137" title="IBM Personal System/2" alt="IBM Personal System/2" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" coords="434,116,525,137" title="Microsoft Windows" alt="Microsoft Windows" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/HP_LaserJet" coords="334,116,437,137" title="HP LaserJet" alt="HP LaserJet" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/IBM_PC" coords="207,116,282,137" title="IBM PC" alt="IBM PC" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Xerox_Star" coords="175,116,239,137" title="Xerox Star" alt="Xerox Star" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Atari_800" coords="62,116,154,137" title="Atari 800" alt="Atari 800" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Commodore_PET" coords="34,116,87,137" title="Commodore PET" alt="Commodore PET" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/TRS%2D80" coords="8,116,66,137" title="TRS-80" alt="TRS-80" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/System_7" coords="737,98,823,119" title="System 7" alt="System 7" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Macintosh_LC" coords="701,98,748,119" title="Macintosh LC" alt="Macintosh LC" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/System_6" coords="570,98,656,119" title="System 6" alt="System 6" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Macintosh_II" coords="511,98,613,119" title="Macintosh II" alt="Macintosh II" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Hierarchical_File_System" coords="425,98,483,119" title="Hierarchical File System" alt="Hierarchical File System" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Compact_Macintosh" coords="334,98,420,119" title="Compact Macintosh" alt="Compact Macintosh" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Sun_Remarketing" coords="406,62,526,83" title="Sun Remarketing" alt="Sun Remarketing" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Macintosh_XL" coords="388,62,436,83" title="Macintosh XL" alt="Macintosh XL" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Apple_Lisa" coords="334,62,403,83" title="Apple Lisa" alt="Apple Lisa" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Apple_Lisa" coords="280,62,338,83" title="Apple Lisa" alt="Apple Lisa" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/GS/OS" coords="588,26,657,47" title="GS/OS" alt="GS/OS" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/MousePaint" coords="366,8,463,29" title="MousePaint" alt="MousePaint" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Apple_IIGS" coords="479,26,571,47" title="Apple IIGS" alt="Apple IIGS" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/ProDOS" coords="320,8,395,29" title="ProDOS" alt="ProDOS" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Apple_IIe" coords="280,8,332,29" title="Apple IIe" alt="Apple IIe" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/III_Plus" coords="329,26,410,47" title="III Plus" alt="III Plus" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Apple_II_Plus" coords="84,8,165,29" title="Apple II Plus" alt="Apple II Plus" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Apple_SOS" coords="193,26,257,47" title="Apple SOS" alt="Apple SOS" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Apple_DOS" coords="53,8,117,29" title="Apple DOS" alt="Apple DOS" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Apple_III" coords="153,26,239,47" title="Apple III" alt="Apple III" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Apple_II" coords="8,8,99,29" title="Apple II" alt="Apple II" /></map><img usemap="#timeline_2htygw9z9scp7f4mq4xw2v290wky1l4" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/timeline/2htygw9z9scp7f4mq4xw2v290wky1l4.png" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apple_Lisa&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hardware">Hardware</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apple_Lisa&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Hardware"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apple_Lisa_IO_board.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Apple_Lisa_IO_board.JPG/220px-Apple_Lisa_IO_board.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Apple_Lisa_IO_board.JPG/330px-Apple_Lisa_IO_board.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Apple_Lisa_IO_board.JPG/440px-Apple_Lisa_IO_board.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4232" data-file-height="3323" /></a><figcaption>This Lisa I/O board has a <a href="/wiki/Macintosh_XL" title="Macintosh XL">Macintosh XL</a> UV-EPROM installed.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Lisa was first introduced on January 19, 1983. It is one of the first personal computer systems with a <a href="/wiki/Graphical_user_interface" title="Graphical user interface">graphical user interface</a> (GUI) to be sold commercially. It uses a <a href="/wiki/Motorola_68000" title="Motorola 68000">Motorola 68000</a> <a href="/wiki/Central_processing_unit" title="Central processing unit">CPU</a> clocked at 5 MHz and has 1 MB of RAM. It can be upgraded to 2 MB and later shipped with as little as 512 kilobytes. The CPU speed and model were not changed from the release of the Lisa 1 to the repackaging of the hardware as Macintosh XL. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Real-time_clock" title="Real-time clock">real-time clock</a> uses a 4-bit integer and the base year is defined as 1980; the software won't accept any value below 1981, so the only valid range is 1981–1995.<sup id="cite_ref-mcqk_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mcqk-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The real-time clock depends on a <span class="nowrap">4<span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span>×<span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><a href="/wiki/AA_battery" title="AA battery">AA-cell</a></span> <a href="/wiki/Nickel%E2%80%93cadmium_battery" title="Nickel–cadmium battery">NiCd</a> pack of batteries that only lasts for a few hours when main power is not present. Prone to failure over time, the battery packs could leak corrosive alkaline <a href="/wiki/Electrolyte" title="Electrolyte">electrolyte</a> and ruin the circuit boards.<sup id="cite_ref-mcqk_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mcqk-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The integrated monochrome black-on-white monitor has <span class="nowrap">720<span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span>×<span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span>364</span> rectangular pixels on a 12-inch (30 cm) screen. </p><p>Lisa's printer support includes Apple's <a href="/wiki/Apple_Dot_Matrix_Printer" title="Apple Dot Matrix Printer">Dot Matrix</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apple_Daisy_Wheel_Printer" title="Apple Daisy Wheel Printer">Daisy Wheel</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Apple_ImageWriter" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple ImageWriter">ImageWriter</a> <a href="/wiki/Dot_matrix_printing" title="Dot matrix printing">dot matrix</a> printers, and <a href="/wiki/Canon_Inc." title="Canon Inc.">Canon</a>'s new color <a href="/wiki/Inkjet_printing" title="Inkjet printing">inkjet</a> technology. </p><p>The original Lisa, later called the Lisa 1, has two <a href="/wiki/Apple_FileWare" title="Apple FileWare">FileWare</a> 5.25-inch double-sided variable-speed <a href="/wiki/Floppy_disk" title="Floppy disk">floppy disk</a> drives, more commonly known by Apple's <a href="/wiki/Codename" class="mw-redirect" title="Codename">codename</a> "Twiggy".<sup id="cite_ref-AC_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AC-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 77–78">: 77–78 </span></sup> They have what was then a very high capacity of approximately 871 kB each, but are unreliable<sup id="cite_ref-AC_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AC-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 78">: 78 </span></sup> and use proprietary diskettes. Competing systems with high diskette data storage have much larger 8" floppy disks, seen as cumbersome and old-fashioned for a consumer system. </p><p>Lisa 1's innovations include <a href="/wiki/Block_(data_storage)" title="Block (data storage)">block</a> sparing, to reserve blocks in case of bad blocks, even on floppy disks.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Critical operating system information has <a href="/wiki/Redundancy_(engineering)" title="Redundancy (engineering)">redundant</a> storage, for recovery in case of corruption. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lisa_2">Lisa 2</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apple_Lisa&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Lisa 2"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apple_Lisa2-IMG_1517.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Apple_Lisa2-IMG_1517.jpg/220px-Apple_Lisa2-IMG_1517.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Apple_Lisa2-IMG_1517.jpg/330px-Apple_Lisa2-IMG_1517.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Apple_Lisa2-IMG_1517.jpg/440px-Apple_Lisa2-IMG_1517.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="5000" /></a><figcaption>Lisa 2</figcaption></figure> <p>The first hardware revision, the Lisa 2, was released in January 1984 and was priced between <span style="white-space: nowrap">$3,495</span> and <span style="white-space: nowrap">$5,495</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-AC_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AC-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 79">: 79 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was much less expensive than the original model, and dropped the Twiggy floppy drives in favor of a single <a href="/wiki/Macintosh_External_Disk_Drive#400K" title="Macintosh External Disk Drive">400K Sony microfloppy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-infoworld_lisa2_intro_pg65_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-infoworld_lisa2_intro_pg65-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Lisa 2 has as little as 512 KB of RAM. The <b>Lisa 2/5</b> consists of a Lisa 2 bundled with an external 5- or 10-megabyte hard drive.<sup id="cite_ref-mac_repair_secrets_pg236_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mac_repair_secrets_pg236-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1984, at the same time the Macintosh was officially announced, Apple offered free upgrades to the Lisa 2/5 to all Lisa 1 owners, by replacing the pair of Twiggy drives with a single 3.5-inch drive,<sup id="cite_ref-infoworld_lisa2_intro_pg65_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-infoworld_lisa2_intro_pg65-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and updating the boot ROM and I/O ROM. In addition, the Lisa 2's new front faceplate accommodates the reconfigured floppy disk drive, and it includes the new inlaid Apple logo and the first <a href="/wiki/Snow_White_design_language" title="Snow White design language">Snow White design language</a> elements. The <b>Lisa 2/10</b> has a 10 MB internal hard drive, no parallel port, and a standard configuration of <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7006800000000000000♠"></span>1 MB</span> of RAM.<sup id="cite_ref-mac_repair_secrets_pg236_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mac_repair_secrets_pg236-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Developing early Macintosh software required a Lisa<span class="nowrap"> </span>2.<sup id="cite_ref-dacruz19840611_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dacruz19840611-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were relatively few third-party hardware offerings for the Lisa, as compared to the earlier <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Apple_II" title="Apple II">Apple II</a><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>—<span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span></span><a href="/wiki/AST_Research" title="AST Research">AST</a> offered a <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7007120000000000000♠"></span>1.5 <a href="/wiki/Megabyte" title="Megabyte">MB</a></span> memory board which, when combined with the standard Apple <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7006409600000000000♠"></span>512 <a href="/wiki/Kilobyte" title="Kilobyte">KB</a></span> memory board, expanded the Lisa to a total of <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7007160000000000000♠"></span>2 MB</span> of memory, the maximum amount that the <a href="/wiki/Memory_management_unit" title="Memory management unit">MMU</a> can address. </p><p>Late in the product life of the Lisa, there were third-party hard disk drives, <a href="/wiki/SCSI_host_adapter" class="mw-redirect" title="SCSI host adapter">SCSI controllers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Double-sided_disk" title="Double-sided disk">double-sided 3.5-inch floppy-disk</a> upgrades. Unlike the original Macintosh, the Lisa has expansion slots. The Lisa 2 motherboard has a very basic <a href="/wiki/Backplane" title="Backplane">backplane</a> with virtually no electronic components, but plenty of <a href="/wiki/Edge_connector" title="Edge connector">edge connector</a> sockets and slots. There are two RAM slots, one CPU upgrade slot, and one <a href="/wiki/Input/output" title="Input/output">I/O</a> slot, all in parallel. At the other end are three Lisa slots in parallel. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Macintosh_XL">Macintosh XL</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apple_Lisa&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Macintosh XL"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Macintosh_XL_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Macintosh_XL_1.jpg/220px-Macintosh_XL_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Macintosh_XL_1.jpg/330px-Macintosh_XL_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Macintosh_XL_1.jpg/440px-Macintosh_XL_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1992" data-file-height="1722" /></a><figcaption>Macintosh XL</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Macintosh_XL" title="Macintosh XL">Macintosh XL</a></div> <p>In January 1985, following the Macintosh, the Lisa 2/10 (with integrated 10 MB hard drive) was rebranded as Macintosh XL. It was given a hardware and software kit, enabling it to reboot into Macintosh mode and positioning it as the high-end Macintosh. The price was lowered yet again, to $4,000, and sales tripled, but CEO <a href="/wiki/John_Sculley" title="John Sculley">John Sculley</a> said that Apple would have lost money increasing production to meet the new demand.<sup id="cite_ref-Infoworld_June_3,_1985_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Infoworld_June_3,_1985-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Apple discontinued the Macintosh XL, leaving an eight-month void in Apple's high-end product line until the <a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Plus" title="Macintosh Plus">Macintosh Plus</a> was introduced in 1986. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Software">Software</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apple_Lisa&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Software"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apple_Lisa_Office_System_3.1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/52/Apple_Lisa_Office_System_3.1.png/220px-Apple_Lisa_Office_System_3.1.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/52/Apple_Lisa_Office_System_3.1.png/330px-Apple_Lisa_Office_System_3.1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/52/Apple_Lisa_Office_System_3.1.png 2x" data-file-width="365" data-file-height="273" /></a><figcaption>Lisa Office System 3.1</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lisa_OS">Lisa OS</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apple_Lisa&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Lisa OS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Apple_Lisa&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2019</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The Lisa <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating system</a> features <a href="/wiki/Memory_protection" title="Memory protection">protected memory</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> enabled by a crude hardware circuit compared to the <a href="/wiki/Sun-1" title="Sun-1">Sun-1</a> workstation (c. 1982), which features a full memory management unit. <a href="/wiki/Motorola" title="Motorola">Motorola</a> did not have an MMU (memory-management unit) for the <a href="/wiki/Motorola_68000" title="Motorola 68000">68000</a> ready in time, so third parties developed their own. Apple's is also the result of a cost-cutting compromise, with sluggish performance. Based, in part, on elements from the <a href="/wiki/Apple_III" title="Apple III">Apple III</a> <a href="/wiki/Apple_SOS" title="Apple SOS">SOS</a> operating system released three years earlier, Lisa's <a href="/wiki/Disk_operating_system" title="Disk operating system">disk operating system</a> also organizes its files in hierarchical directories. <a href="/wiki/File_system" title="File system">File system</a> directories correspond to GUI folders, as with previous Xerox PARC computers from which Lisa borrowed heavily. Lisa was designed around a hard drive, unlike the first Macintosh. </p><p>Lisa has two main user modes: the Lisa Office System and the Workshop. The Lisa Office System is the GUI environment for end users. The Workshop is a program development environment and is almost entirely text-based, though it uses a GUI text editor. The Lisa Office System was eventually renamed 7/7 which refers to the seven supplied application programs: LisaWrite, LisaCalc, LisaDraw, LisaGraph, <a href="/wiki/LisaProject" title="LisaProject">LisaProject</a>, LisaList, and LisaTerminal. </p><p>Apple's warranty said that this software works precisely as stated, and Apple refunded an unspecified number of users, in full, for their systems. These operating system frailties, and costly recalls, combined with the very high price point, led to the failure of the Lisa in the marketplace. NASA purchased Lisa machines, mainly to use the LisaProject program. </p><p>In 2018, the Computer History Museum announced it would be releasing the source code for Lisa OS, following a check by Apple to ensure this would not impact other intellectual property. For copyright reasons, this release does not include the American Heritage dictionary.<sup id="cite_ref-OpenElectronics_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OpenElectronics-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For its 40th anniversary on January 19, 2023, Lisa OS Software version 3.1's source code is available under an Apple Academic License Agreement.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="MacWorks">MacWorks</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apple_Lisa&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: MacWorks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/MacWorks" class="mw-redirect" title="MacWorks">MacWorks</a></div> <p>In April 1984, following the Macintosh launch, Apple introduced MacWorks, a software emulation environment enabling Lisa to run Macintosh System software and applications.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> MacWorks improved Lisa's market appeal. After the early Macintosh operating system first gained hard disk support, MacWorks also gained access to Lisa's hard disk in September. In January 1985, MacWorks was re-branded MacWorks XL as the primary system application, to convert the Lisa into the <a href="/wiki/Macintosh_XL" title="Macintosh XL">Macintosh XL</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Third-party_software">Third-party software</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apple_Lisa&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Third-party software"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apple_Lisa_Workshop.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Apple_Lisa_Workshop.png/220px-Apple_Lisa_Workshop.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Apple_Lisa_Workshop.png/330px-Apple_Lisa_Workshop.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Apple_Lisa_Workshop.png/440px-Apple_Lisa_Workshop.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>Lisa Workshop</figcaption></figure> <p>The launch version of Lisa Office System can not be used for programming, requiring the separate development OS called Lisa Workshop to be toggled and booted. Lisa Workshop was also used to develop Macintosh software for its first few years, until a Macintosh-native development system was released.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (November 2024)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> For most of its lifetime, the Lisa only had the original seven applications that Apple had deemed enough to "do everything".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> UniPress Software released <a href="/wiki/UNIX_System_III" title="UNIX System III">UNIX System III</a> for <span style="white-space: nowrap">$495</span> (equivalent to $1,500 in 2023).<sup id="cite_ref-byte198312_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-byte198312-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_Operation" title="Santa Cruz Operation">Santa Cruz Operation</a> (SCO) published <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> <a href="/wiki/Xenix" title="Xenix">Xenix</a> (version 3), a <a href="/wiki/Unix-like" title="Unix-like">Unix-like</a> <a href="/wiki/Command-line_interface" title="Command-line interface">command-line</a> operating system for the Lisa 2, and Microsoft's <a href="/wiki/Multiplan" title="Multiplan">Multiplan</a> 2.1 spreadsheet for Xenix.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other Lisa Xenix apps include Quadratron's Q-Office suite.<sup id="cite_ref-stmac198407_quadratron_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stmac198407_quadratron-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apple_Lisa&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apple_Computer,_1983_(Lisa).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Apple_Computer%2C_1983_%28Lisa%29.jpg/220px-Apple_Computer%2C_1983_%28Lisa%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Apple_Computer%2C_1983_%28Lisa%29.jpg/330px-Apple_Computer%2C_1983_%28Lisa%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Apple_Computer%2C_1983_%28Lisa%29.jpg/440px-Apple_Computer%2C_1983_%28Lisa%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="432" /></a><figcaption>An original Lisa is at work at the Apple Convention in Boston, in early 1983.</figcaption></figure> <p><i><a href="/wiki/BYTE" class="mw-redirect" title="BYTE">BYTE</a></i> previewed the Lisa and wrote in February 1983 that it was "the most important development in computers in the last five years, easily outpacing [the <a href="/wiki/IBM_Personal_Computer" title="IBM Personal Computer">IBM PC</a>]". It acknowledged that the <span style="white-space: nowrap">$9,995</span> price was high, and concluded "Apple ... is not unaware that most people would be incredibly interested in a similar but less expensive machine. We'll see what happens".<sup id="cite_ref-williams198302_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-williams198302-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Lisa was a commercial failure, the company's largest since the <a href="/wiki/Apple_III" title="Apple III">Apple III</a> of 1980. Apple sold a total of approximately 10,000<sup id="cite_ref-ogrady_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ogrady-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lisa machines at <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$9,995</span> (equivalent to about $30,600 in 2023) each,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> generating total sales of <span style="white-space: nowrap">$100 million</span> against a development cost of more than <span style="white-space: nowrap">$150 million</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-ogrady_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ogrady-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The largest Lisa customer was <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>, which used <a href="/wiki/LisaProject" title="LisaProject">LisaProject</a> for project management.<sup id="cite_ref-Steve_Jobs_by_Walter_Isaacson_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Steve_Jobs_by_Walter_Isaacson-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Lisa 2 and its <a href="/wiki/Old_World_ROM" title="Old World ROM">Mac ROM</a>-enabled <a href="/wiki/Macintosh_XL" title="Macintosh XL">Macintosh XL</a> version are the final two releases in the Lisa line, which was discontinued in April 1985.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Macintosh XL is a hardware and software conversion kit to effectively reboot Lisa into Macintosh mode. In 1986, Apple offered all Lisa and XL owners the opportunity to return their computer and pay <span style="white-space: nowrap">$1,498</span>, in exchange for a <a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Plus" title="Macintosh Plus">Macintosh Plus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hard_Disk_20" title="Hard Disk 20">Hard Disk 20</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reportedly, 2,700 working but unsold Lisa computers were buried in a landfill.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apple_Lisa&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Macintosh_128K" title="Macintosh 128K">Macintosh</a> project, led by Steve Jobs, borrowed heavily from Lisa's GUI paradigm and directly took many of its staff, to create Apple's flagship platform of the next several decades. The <a href="/wiki/Miller_columns" title="Miller columns">column-based interface</a>, for instance, utilized by Mac OS X, had originally been developed for Lisa.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> It had been discarded in favor of the icon view. </p><p>Apple's culture of <a href="/wiki/Object-oriented_programming" title="Object-oriented programming">object-oriented programming</a> on Lisa contributed to the 1988 conception of <a href="/wiki/Taligent#Pink_system" title="Taligent">Pink</a>, the first attempt to re-architect the operating system of Macintosh. </p><p>In 1989, after Wayne Rosing had moved to <a href="/wiki/Sun_Microsystems" title="Sun Microsystems">Sun Microsystems</a>, he reflected on his time at Apple, recalling that building the Lisa had been hard work. He said the system's hard disk and RAM was a requirement and not a luxury, but that the system remains slow. He noted that, by 1989, Lisa's level of integration between applications had not yet been repeated by Apple.<sup id="cite_ref-macweek19890307_rosing_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-macweek19890307_rosing-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Original "Twiggy" based Lisa 1 systems command high prices at auction due to the scarcity of surviving examples. The auction record for a Lisa 1 was set on September 10, 2024, when a Lisa from the estate of Microsoft co-founder <a href="/wiki/Paul_Allen" title="Paul Allen">Paul Allen</a> was sold for $882,000.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apple_Lisa&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg/25px-Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg/38px-Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg/51px-Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="530" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:1980s" title="Portal:1980s">1980s portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Atkinson" title="Bill Atkinson">Bill Atkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rich_Page" title="Rich Page">Rich Page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brad_Silverberg" title="Brad Silverberg">Brad Silverberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_graphical_user_interface" title="History of the graphical user interface">History of the graphical user interface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cut,_copy,_and_paste" title="Cut, copy, and paste">Cut, copy, and paste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visi_On" title="Visi On">Visi On</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GEMDOS" class="mw-redirect" title="GEMDOS">GEMDOS</a> (adaptation for Lisa 2/5)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apple_Lisa&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ogrady-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ogrady_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ogrady_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ogrady_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFO'Grady2009" class="citation book cs1">O'Grady, Jason D. (2009). <i>Apple Inc</i>. ABC-CLIO. p. 72. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780313362446" title="Special:BookSources/9780313362446"><bdi>9780313362446</bdi></a>. <q>By most accounts, Lisa was a failure, selling only 10,000 units. It reportedly cost Apple more than <span style="white-space: nowrap">$150 million</span> to develop Lisa (<span style="white-space: nowrap">$100 million</span> in software, <span style="white-space: nowrap">$50 million</span> in hardware), and it only brought in <span style="white-space: nowrap">$100 million</span> in sales for a net <span style="white-space: nowrap">$50</span>-million loss.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Apple+Inc.&rft.pages=72&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9780313362446&rft.aulast=O%27Grady&rft.aufirst=Jason+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApple+Lisa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristoph_Dernbach2007" class="citation web cs1">Christoph Dernbach (October 12, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mac-history.net/apple-lisa/2007-10-12/apple-lisa">"Apple Lisa"</a>. Mac History<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 15,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Apple+Lisa&rft.pub=Mac+History&rft.date=2007-10-12&rft.au=Christoph+Dernbach&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mac-history.net%2Fapple-lisa%2F2007-10-12%2Fapple-lisa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApple+Lisa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AC-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AC_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AC_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AC_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AC_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AC_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AC_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AC_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AC_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLinzmayer2004" class="citation book cs1">Linzmayer, Owen W. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mXnw5tM8QRwC&pg=PA79"><i>Apple confidential 2.0: the definitive history of the world's most colorful company</i></a> (2nd ed.). <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="San Francisco, California">San Francisco, California</a>: No Starch Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1593270100" title="Special:BookSources/978-1593270100"><bdi>978-1593270100</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1194892877">1194892877</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 6,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=iCon+%3A+Steve+Jobs%2C+the+greatest+second+act+in+the+history+of+business&rft.place=Hoboken%2C+New+Jersey&rft.edition=Newly+updated.&rft.date=2006-04-14&rft.isbn=978-0471787846&rft.aulast=Simon&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey+S.&rft.au=Young%2C+William+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQv6RHwAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApple+Lisa" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRogers1983" class="citation journal cs1">Rogers, Michael (February 1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/PersonalComputing198302/page/n89/mode/2up">"The Birth of LISA"</a>. <i>Personal Computing</i>: 89.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Personal+Computing&rft.atitle=The+Birth+of+LISA&rft.pages=89&rft.date=1983-02&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FPersonalComputing198302%2Fpage%2Fn89%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApple+Lisa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeiglinConklin1984" class="citation book cs1">Weiglin, Peter C.; Conklin, Joyce (May 1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vintageapple.org/apple_ii/pdf/The_Practical_Guide_to_the_Apple_IIc_1984.pdf"><i>The Practical Guide to the Apple IIc</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company. p. 21. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-201-09660-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-201-09660-9"><bdi>0-201-09660-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Practical+Guide+to+the+Apple+IIc&rft.pages=21&rft.pub=Addison-Wesley+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1984-05&rft.isbn=0-201-09660-9&rft.aulast=Weiglin&rft.aufirst=Peter+C.&rft.au=Conklin%2C+Joyce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvintageapple.org%2Fapple_ii%2Fpdf%2FThe_Practical_Guide_to_the_Apple_IIc_1984.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApple+Lisa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndy_Hertzfeld2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Andy_Hertzfeld" title="Andy Hertzfeld">Andy Hertzfeld</a> (2005). 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O'Reilly. p. 36. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-596-00719-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-596-00719-1"><bdi>0-596-00719-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bicycle&rft.btitle=Revolution+in+the+Valley&rft.pages=36&rft.pub=O%27Reilly&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-596-00719-1&rft.au=Andy+Hertzfeld&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApple+Lisa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIsaacson2011" class="citation book cs1">Isaacson, Walter (2011). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/stevejobs00isaa/page/93"><i>Steve Jobs</i></a></span>. Simon & Schuster. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/stevejobs00isaa/page/93">93</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4516-4853-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4516-4853-9"><bdi>978-1-4516-4853-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Steve+Jobs&rft.pages=93&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-4516-4853-9&rft.aulast=Isaacson&rft.aufirst=Walter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstevejobs00isaa%2Fpage%2F93&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApple+Lisa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Good_Earth-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Good_Earth_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHertzfeld1980" class="citation web cs1">Hertzfeld, Andy (October 1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.folklore.org/StoryView.py?project=Macintosh&story=Good_Earth.txt&sortOrder=Sort+by+Date">"Good Earth"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 19,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BYTE&rft.atitle=The+Lisa+Computer+System&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=33-50&rft.date=1983-02&rft.au=Williams%2C+Gregg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbyte-magazine-1983-02%2Fpage%2Fn32%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApple+Lisa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.linkedin.com/in/rparatore">"Robert Paratore"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Robert+Paratore&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.linkedin.com%2Fin%2Frparatore&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApple+Lisa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-byte198302-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-byte198302_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorgan,_ChrisWilliams,_GreggLemmons,_Phil1983" class="citation magazine cs1">Morgan, Chris; Williams, Gregg; Lemmons, Phil (February 1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/byte-magazine-1983-02/page/n91/mode/1up">"An Interview with Wayne Rosing, Bruce Daniels, and Larry Tesler"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Byte_(magazine)" title="Byte (magazine)">BYTE</a></i>. 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No. 26. March 12, 1986. p. 13. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.semaphorecorp.com/ss/ss26.html">the original</a> on November 19, 1997.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Semaphore+Signal&rft.atitle=Votes+For+And+Against+The+NetWorkers&rft.issue=26&rft.pages=13&rft.date=1986-03-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semaphorecorp.com%2Fss%2Fss26.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApple+Lisa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTiwari2016" class="citation web cs1">Tiwari, Aditya (April 21, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230118185742/https://fossbytes.com/why-2700-apple-lisa-computers-are-buried-in-a-landfill/">"Why Are 2700 Apple Lisa Computers Buried in a Landfill?"</a>. <i>Fossbytes</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fossbytes.com/why-2700-apple-lisa-computers-are-buried-in-a-landfill/">the original</a> on January 18, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fossbytes&rft.atitle=Why+Are+2700+Apple+Lisa+Computers+Buried+in+a+Landfill%3F&rft.date=2016-04-21&rft.aulast=Tiwari&rft.aufirst=Aditya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffossbytes.com%2Fwhy-2700-apple-lisa-computers-are-buried-in-a-landfill%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApple+Lisa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-macweek19890307_rosing-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-macweek19890307_rosing_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarber1989" class="citation magazine cs1">Farber, Daniel (March 7, 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mac-week-v-3-n-10/page/n53/mode/1up">"Rosing outlines Sun's strategy"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/MacWEEK" title="MacWEEK">MacWEEK</a></i>. p. 54<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 1,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MacWEEK&rft.atitle=Rosing+outlines+Sun%27s+strategy&rft.pages=54&rft.date=1989-03-07&rft.aulast=Farber&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmac-week-v-3-n-10%2Fpage%2Fn53%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApple+Lisa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://press.christies.com/gen-one-innovations-from-the-paul-g-allen-collection-totals-16816840">https://press.christies.com/gen-one-innovations-from-the-paul-g-allen-collection-totals-16816840</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apple_Lisa&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Apple_Lisa" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Apple Lisa">Apple Lisa</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a4BlmsN4q2I"><span class="plainlinks">Tech: Apple Lisa Demo (1984)</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lowendmac.com/hodges/07/0402.html">Using Apple's Lisa for Real Work</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oldcomputers.net/lisa.html">Lisa 2/5 info.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mprove.de/visionreality/text/3.1.8_lisa.html">mprove: Graphical User Interface of Apple Lisa</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050921031925/http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~jasonh/cs39i-seminar/p40-perkins.pdf">"Inventing the Lisa User Interface by Rod Perkins, Dan Keller and Frank Ludolph (1 MB PDF)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~jasonh/cs39i-seminar/p40-perkins.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on September 21, 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 10,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Inventing+the+Lisa+User+Interface+by+Rod+Perkins%2C+Dan+Keller+and+Frank+Ludolph+%281+MB+PDF%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cs.berkeley.edu%2F~jasonh%2Fcs39i-seminar%2Fp40-perkins.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApple+Lisa" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F_VVRAIaCWY"><span class="plainlinks">Apple Lisa Memorial Exhibition at Dongdaemun Design Plaza, Seoul, Korea</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://info.computerhistory.org/apple-lisa-code">Lisa Source Code</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist 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(computer)">Computers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Apple_II" title="Apple II">Apple II</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_I" title="Apple I">I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_II_(original)" title="Apple II (original)">II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_II_Plus" title="Apple II Plus">II Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_IIe" title="Apple IIe">IIe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_IIc" title="Apple IIc">IIc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_IIc_Plus" title="Apple IIc Plus">IIc Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_IIGS" title="Apple IIGS">IIGS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_III" title="Apple III">III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Compact_Macintosh" title="Compact Macintosh">Compact Macintosh</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_128K" title="Macintosh 128K">128K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_512K" title="Macintosh 512K">512K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_512Ke" title="Macintosh 512Ke">512Ke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Plus" title="Macintosh Plus">Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_SE" title="Macintosh SE">SE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_SE/30" title="Macintosh SE/30">SE/30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Classic" title="Macintosh Classic">Classic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Classic_II" title="Macintosh Classic II">Classic II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Color_Classic" title="Macintosh Color Classic">Color Classic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_II_family" title="Macintosh II family">Macintosh II</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_II" title="Macintosh II">II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_IIx" title="Macintosh IIx">IIx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_IIcx" title="Macintosh IIcx">IIcx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_IIci" title="Macintosh IIci">IIci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_IIfx" title="Macintosh IIfx">IIfx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_IIsi" title="Macintosh IIsi">IIsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_IIvi" title="Macintosh IIvi">IIvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_IIvx" title="Macintosh IIvx">IIvx</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_LC_family" title="Macintosh LC family">Macintosh LC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_LC" title="Macintosh LC">LC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_LC_II" title="Macintosh LC II">LC II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_LC_III" title="Macintosh LC III">LC III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_LC_500_series" title="Macintosh LC 500 series">LC 500 series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_TV" title="Macintosh TV">Macintosh TV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Quadra" title="Macintosh Quadra">Macintosh Quadra</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Quadra_700" title="Macintosh Quadra 700">700</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Quadra_900" title="Macintosh Quadra 900">900</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Quadra_950" title="Macintosh Quadra 950">950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Quadra_800" title="Macintosh Quadra 800">800</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Quadra_840AV" title="Macintosh Quadra 840AV">840AV</a></li> <li>600 series <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Quadra_610" title="Macintosh Quadra 610">610</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Quadra_650" title="Macintosh Quadra 650">650</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Quadra_660AV" title="Macintosh Quadra 660AV">660AV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Quadra_605" title="Macintosh Quadra 605">605</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Quadra_630" title="Macintosh Quadra 630">630</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/PowerBook" title="PowerBook">PowerBook</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>68k-based PowerBooks <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_100_series" title="PowerBook 100 series">100 series</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_100" title="PowerBook 100">100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_140" title="PowerBook 140">140</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_170" title="PowerBook 170">170</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_160" title="PowerBook 160">160</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_180" title="PowerBook 180">180</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_150" title="PowerBook 150">150</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_190" title="PowerBook 190">190</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_Duo" title="PowerBook Duo">Duo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_Duo_210" title="PowerBook Duo 210">210</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_Duo_230" title="PowerBook Duo 230">230</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_500_series" title="PowerBook 500 series">500 series</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerPC" title="PowerPC">PowerPC</a>-based PowerBooks <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_5300" title="PowerBook 5300">5300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_1400" title="PowerBook 1400">1400</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_3400c" title="PowerBook 3400c">3400c</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_2400c" title="PowerBook 2400c">2400c</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_G3" title="PowerBook G3">G3</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh" title="Power Macintosh">Power Macintosh</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_4400" title="Power Macintosh 4400">4400 and 7220</a></li> <li>5000 series <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_5200_LC" title="Power Macintosh 5200 LC">5200 LC and 5300 LC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_5260" title="Power Macintosh 5260">5260</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_5400" title="Power Macintosh 5400">5400</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_5500" title="Power Macintosh 5500">5500</a></li></ul></li> <li>6000 series <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_6100" title="Power Macintosh 6100">6100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_6200" title="Power Macintosh 6200">6200 and 6300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_6400" title="Power Macintosh 6400">6400</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_6500" title="Power Macintosh 6500">6500</a></li></ul></li> <li>7000 series <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_7100" title="Power Macintosh 7100">7100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_7200" title="Power Macintosh 7200">7200 and 8200</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_7300" title="Power Macintosh 7300">7300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_7500" title="Power Macintosh 7500">7500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_7600" title="Power Macintosh 7600">7600</a></li></ul></li> <li>8000 series <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_8100" title="Power Macintosh 8100">8100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_8500" title="Power Macintosh 8500">8500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_8600" title="Power Macintosh 8600">8600</a></li></ul></li> <li>9000 series <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_9500" title="Power Macintosh 9500">9500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_9600" title="Power Macintosh 9600">9600</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_G3" title="Power Macintosh G3">Power Macintosh G3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Apple Lisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Mac_(computer)" title="Big Mac (computer)">Big Mac and Baby Mac</a> (cancelled)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_XL" title="Macintosh XL">Macintosh XL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Portable" title="Macintosh Portable">Macintosh Portable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Performa" title="Macintosh Performa">Macintosh Performa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Centris" title="Macintosh Centris">Macintosh Centris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_IIe_Card" title="Apple IIe Card">Apple IIe Card</a> (Macintosh PDS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Processor_Upgrade_Card" title="Macintosh Processor Upgrade Card">Macintosh Processor Upgrade Card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Workgroup_Server" title="Apple Workgroup Server">Apple Workgroup Server</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Workgroup_Server_9150" title="Workgroup Server 9150">9150</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Network_Server" title="Apple Network Server">Apple Network Server</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twentieth_Anniversary_Macintosh" title="Twentieth Anniversary Macintosh">Twentieth Anniversary Macintosh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Peripherals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Apple_displays" title="Apple displays">Displays</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Monitor_II" title="Apple Monitor II">Monitor II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Monitor_III" title="Apple Monitor III">Monitor III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_AudioVision_14_Display" title="Apple AudioVision 14 Display">AudioVision 14</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">External drives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disk_II" title="Disk II">Disk II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_FileWare" title="Apple FileWare">FileWare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_External_Disk_Drive" title="Macintosh External Disk Drive">Macintosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_ProFile" title="Apple ProFile">ProFile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_Disk_20" title="Hard Disk 20">Hard Disk 20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_Disk_20SC" title="Hard Disk 20SC">Hard Disk 20SC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AppleCD" title="AppleCD">AppleCD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerCD" title="PowerCD">PowerCD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Tape_Backup_40SC" title="Apple Tape Backup 40SC">Tape Drive 40SC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Input devices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_keyboards" title="Apple keyboards">Keyboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Desktop_Bus" title="Apple Desktop Bus">Desktop Bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Extended_Keyboard" title="Apple Extended Keyboard">Extended Keyboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Adjustable_Keyboard" title="Apple Adjustable Keyboard">Adjustable Keyboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_pointing_devices" title="Apple pointing devices">Mouse and other pointing devices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Scanner" title="Apple Scanner">Scanner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_QuickTake" title="Apple QuickTake">QuickTake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Networking</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_II_serial_cards" title="Apple II serial cards">Apple II serial cards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LocalTalk" title="LocalTalk">LocalTalk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Communication_Slot" title="Apple Communication Slot">Apple Communication Slot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GeoPort" title="GeoPort">GeoPort</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Apple_printers" title="List of Apple printers">Printers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Silentype" title="Apple Silentype">Silentype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Dot_Matrix_Printer" title="Apple Dot Matrix Printer">Dot Matrix Printer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Daisy_Wheel_Printer" title="Apple Daisy Wheel Printer">Daisy Wheel Printer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ImageWriter" title="ImageWriter">ImageWriter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LaserWriter" title="LaserWriter">LaserWriter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_410_Color_Plotter" title="Apple 410 Color Plotter">410 Color Plotter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_LaserWriter" title="Color LaserWriter">Color LaserWriter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/StyleWriter" title="StyleWriter">StyleWriter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Apple_Newton" title="Apple Newton">Newton</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MessagePad" title="MessagePad">MessagePad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EMate_300" title="EMate 300">eMate 300</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Interactive_Television_Box" title="Apple Interactive Television Box">Interactive Television Box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_NC" title="Mac NC">Mac NC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Paladin" title="Apple Paladin">Paladin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Pippin" title="Apple Pippin">Pippin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Bandai_Pippin" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple Bandai Pippin">Bandai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wizzy_Active_Lifestyle_Telephone" title="Wizzy Active Lifestyle Telephone">W.A.L.T.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>See also template: <a href="/wiki/Template:Apple_hardware_since_1998" title="Template:Apple hardware since 1998">Apple hardware since 1998</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Apple_hardware" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Apple_hardware" title="Template:Apple hardware"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Apple_hardware" title="Template talk:Apple hardware"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Apple_hardware" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Apple hardware"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Apple_hardware" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a> hardware</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Apple_II_series" title="Timeline of the Apple II series">Apple II <br />family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_I" title="Apple I">Apple I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_II" title="Apple II">Apple II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_II_(1977_computer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple II (1977 computer)">II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_II_Plus" title="Apple II Plus">II Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_IIe" title="Apple IIe">IIe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_IIe_Card" title="Apple IIe Card">IIe Card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Processor_Direct_Slot" title="Processor Direct Slot">Processor Direct Slot</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_IIc" title="Apple IIc">IIc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_IIc_Plus" title="Apple IIc Plus">IIc Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_IIGS" title="Apple IIGS">IIGS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_III" title="Apple III">Apple III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mac_(computer)" title="Mac (computer)">Mac</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Desktops</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lisa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_XL" title="Macintosh XL">Macintosh XL</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compact_Macintosh" title="Compact Macintosh">Compact</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_128K" title="Macintosh 128K">128K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_512K" title="Macintosh 512K">512K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_512Ke" title="Macintosh 512Ke">512Ke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Plus" title="Macintosh Plus">Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_SE" title="Macintosh SE">SE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_SE/30" title="Macintosh SE/30">SE/30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Classic" title="Macintosh Classic">Classic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Classic_II" title="Macintosh Classic II">Classic II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Color_Classic" title="Macintosh Color Classic">Color Classic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_II_family" title="Macintosh II family">II family</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_II" title="Macintosh II">II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_IIx" title="Macintosh IIx">IIx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_IIcx" title="Macintosh IIcx">IIcx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_IIci" title="Macintosh IIci">IIci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_IIfx" title="Macintosh IIfx">IIfx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_IIsi" title="Macintosh IIsi">IIsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_IIvi" title="Macintosh IIvi">IIvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_IIvx" title="Macintosh IIvx">IIvx</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_LC_family" title="Macintosh LC family">LC family</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_LC" title="Macintosh LC">LC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_LC_II" title="Macintosh LC II">LC II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_LC_III" title="Macintosh LC III">LC III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Quadra_605" title="Macintosh Quadra 605">LC 475</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_LC_500_series" title="Macintosh LC 500 series">LC 500 series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Quadra_630" title="Macintosh Quadra 630">LC 630</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_5200_LC" title="Power Macintosh 5200 LC">5200 LC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_TV" title="Macintosh TV">Macintosh TV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Quadra" title="Macintosh Quadra">Quadra</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Quadra_610" title="Macintosh Quadra 610">610</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Quadra_650" title="Macintosh Quadra 650">650</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Quadra_660AV" title="Macintosh Quadra 660AV">660AV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Quadra_605" title="Macintosh Quadra 605">605</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Quadra_630" title="Macintosh Quadra 630">630</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Quadra_700" title="Macintosh Quadra 700">700</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Quadra_900" title="Macintosh Quadra 900">900</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Quadra_950" title="Macintosh Quadra 950">950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Quadra_800" title="Macintosh Quadra 800">800</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Quadra_840AV" title="Macintosh Quadra 840AV">840AV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Performa" title="Macintosh Performa">Performa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Centris" title="Macintosh Centris">Centris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh" title="Power Macintosh">Power Macintosh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_4400" title="Power Macintosh 4400">4400 and 7220</a></li> <li>5000 series <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_5200_LC" title="Power Macintosh 5200 LC">5200 LC and 5300 LC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_5260" title="Power Macintosh 5260">5260</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_5400" title="Power Macintosh 5400">5400</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_5500" title="Power Macintosh 5500">5500</a></li></ul></li> <li>6000 series <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_6100" title="Power Macintosh 6100">6100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_6200" title="Power Macintosh 6200">6200 and 6300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_6400" title="Power Macintosh 6400">6400</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_6500" title="Power Macintosh 6500">6500</a></li></ul></li> <li>7000 series <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_7100" title="Power Macintosh 7100">7100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_7200" title="Power Macintosh 7200">7200 and 8200</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_7300" title="Power Macintosh 7300">7300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_7500" title="Power Macintosh 7500">7500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_7600" title="Power Macintosh 7600">7600</a></li></ul></li> <li>8000 series <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_8100" title="Power Macintosh 8100">8100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_8500" title="Power Macintosh 8500">8500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_8600" title="Power Macintosh 8600">8600</a></li></ul></li> <li>9000 series <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_9500" title="Power Macintosh 9500">9500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_9600" title="Power Macintosh 9600">9600</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_G3" title="Power Macintosh G3">G3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Mac_G4" title="Power Mac G4">G4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Mac_G4_Cube" title="Power Mac G4 Cube">G4 Cube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Mac_G5" title="Power Mac G5">G5</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twentieth_Anniversary_Macintosh" title="Twentieth Anniversary Macintosh">20th Anniversary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMac" title="IMac">iMac</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IMac_G3" title="IMac G3">G3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMac_G4" title="IMac G4">G4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMac_G5" title="IMac G5">G5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMac_(Intel-based)" title="IMac (Intel-based)">Intel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMac_Pro" title="IMac Pro">Pro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMac_(Apple_silicon)" title="IMac (Apple silicon)">Apple silicon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EMac" title="EMac">eMac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_Pro" title="Mac Pro">Mac Pro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_Mini" title="Mac Mini">Mac Mini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_Studio" title="Mac Studio">Mac Studio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Laptops</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Portable" title="Macintosh Portable">Macintosh Portable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook" title="PowerBook">PowerBook</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_100_series" title="PowerBook 100 series">100 series</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_100" title="PowerBook 100">100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_140" title="PowerBook 140">140</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_170" title="PowerBook 170">170</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_160" title="PowerBook 160">160</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_180" title="PowerBook 180">180</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_150" title="PowerBook 150">150</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_190" title="PowerBook 190">190</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_Duo" title="PowerBook Duo">Duo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_Duo_210" title="PowerBook Duo 210">210</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_Duo_230" title="PowerBook Duo 230">230</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_500_series" title="PowerBook 500 series">500 series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_5300" title="PowerBook 5300">5300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_1400" title="PowerBook 1400">1400</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_3400c" title="PowerBook 3400c">3400c</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_2400c" title="PowerBook 2400c">2400c</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_G3" title="PowerBook G3">G3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_G4" title="PowerBook G4">G4</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBook" title="IBook">iBook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacBook" title="MacBook">MacBook</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MacBook_(2006%E2%80%932012)" title="MacBook (2006–2012)">2006–2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12-inch_MacBook" title="12-inch MacBook">2015–2019</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacBook_Air" title="MacBook Air">MacBook Air</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MacBook_Air_(Intel-based)" title="MacBook Air (Intel-based)">Intel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacBook_Air_(Apple_silicon)" title="MacBook Air (Apple silicon)">Apple silicon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacBook_Pro" title="MacBook Pro">MacBook Pro</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MacBook_Pro_(Intel-based)" title="MacBook Pro (Intel-based)">Intel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacBook_Pro_(Apple_silicon)" title="MacBook Pro (Apple silicon)">Apple silicon</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Servers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Workgroup_Server" title="Apple Workgroup Server">Workgroup Server</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Workgroup_Server_9150" title="Workgroup Server 9150">9150</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Network_Server" title="Apple Network Server">Network Server</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xserve" title="Xserve">Xserve</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Devices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/IPhone" title="IPhone">iPhone</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_(1st_generation)" title="IPhone (1st generation)">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_3G" title="IPhone 3G">3G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_3GS" title="IPhone 3GS">3GS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_4" title="IPhone 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_4S" class="mw-redirect" title="IPhone 4S">4S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_5" title="IPhone 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_5C" class="mw-redirect" title="IPhone 5C">5C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_5S" class="mw-redirect" title="IPhone 5S">5S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_6" title="IPhone 6">6 / 6 Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_6S" class="mw-redirect" title="IPhone 6S">6S / 6S Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_7" title="IPhone 7">7 / 7 Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_8" title="IPhone 8">8 / 8 Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_X" title="IPhone X">X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_XR" title="IPhone XR">XR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_XS" title="IPhone XS">XS / XS Max</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_11" title="IPhone 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_11_Pro" title="IPhone 11 Pro">11 Pro / 11 Pro Max</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_12" title="IPhone 12">12 / 12 Mini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_12_Pro" title="IPhone 12 Pro">12 Pro / 12 Pro Max</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_13" title="IPhone 13">13 / 13 Mini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_13_Pro" title="IPhone 13 Pro">13 Pro / 13 Pro Max</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_14" title="IPhone 14">14 / 14 Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_14_Pro" title="IPhone 14 Pro">14 Pro / 14 Pro Max</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_15" title="IPhone 15">15 / 15 Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_15_Pro" title="IPhone 15 Pro">15 Pro / 15 Pro Max</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_16" title="IPhone 16">16 / 16 Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_16_Pro" title="IPhone 16 Pro">16 Pro / 16 Pro Max</a></li> <li>iPhone SE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_SE_(1st_generation)" title="IPhone SE (1st generation)">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_SE_(2nd_generation)" title="IPhone SE (2nd generation)">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_SE_(3rd_generation)" title="IPhone SE (3rd generation)">3rd</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/IPad" title="IPad">iPad</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IPad_(1st_generation)" title="IPad (1st generation)">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_2" title="IPad 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_(3rd_generation)" title="IPad (3rd generation)">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_(4th_generation)" title="IPad (4th generation)">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_(5th_generation)" title="IPad (5th generation)">5th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_(6th_generation)" title="IPad (6th generation)">6th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_(7th_generation)" title="IPad (7th generation)">7th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_(8th_generation)" title="IPad (8th generation)">8th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_(9th_generation)" title="IPad (9th generation)">9th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_(10th_generation)" title="IPad (10th generation)">10th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Air" class="mw-redirect" title="IPad Air">iPad Air</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Air_(1st_generation)" title="IPad Air (1st generation)">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Air_2" title="IPad Air 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Air_(3rd_generation)" title="IPad Air (3rd generation)">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Air_(4th_generation)" title="IPad Air (4th generation)">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Air_(5th_generation)" title="IPad Air (5th generation)">5th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Air_(6th_generation)" title="IPad Air (6th generation)">6th</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Mini" title="IPad Mini">iPad Mini</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Mini_(1st_generation)" title="IPad Mini (1st generation)">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Mini_2" title="IPad Mini 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Mini_3" title="IPad Mini 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Mini_4" title="IPad Mini 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Mini_(5th_generation)" title="IPad Mini (5th generation)">5th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Mini_(6th_generation)" title="IPad Mini (6th generation)">6th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Mini_(7th_generation)" title="IPad Mini (7th generation)">7th</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Pro" title="IPad Pro">iPad Pro</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Pro_(1st_generation)" title="IPad Pro (1st generation)">9.7 / 12.9 (1st)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Pro_(2nd_generation)" title="IPad Pro (2nd generation)">10.5 / 12.9 (2nd)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Pro_(3rd_generation)" title="IPad Pro (3rd generation)">11 (1st) / 12.9 (3rd)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Pro_(4th_generation)" title="IPad Pro (4th generation)">11 (2nd) / 12.9 (4th)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Pro_(5th_generation)" title="IPad Pro (5th generation)">11 (3rd) / 12.9 (5th)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Pro_(6th_generation)" title="IPad Pro (6th generation)">11 (4th) / 12.9 (6th)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Pro_(7th_generation)" title="IPad Pro (7th generation)">11 (5th) / 13</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/IPod" title="IPod">iPod</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IPod_Classic" title="IPod Classic">Classic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPod_Mini" title="IPod Mini">Mini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPod_Nano" title="IPod Nano">Nano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPod_Shuffle" title="IPod Shuffle">Shuffle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPod_Touch" title="IPod Touch">Touch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IPod_Touch_(1st_generation)" title="IPod Touch (1st generation)">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPod_Touch_(2nd_generation)" title="IPod Touch (2nd generation)">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPod_Touch_(3rd_generation)" title="IPod Touch (3rd generation)">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPod_Touch_(4th_generation)" title="IPod Touch (4th generation)">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPod_Touch_(5th_generation)" title="IPod Touch (5th generation)">5th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPod_Touch_(6th_generation)" title="IPod Touch (6th generation)">6th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPod_Touch_(7th_generation)" title="IPod Touch (7th generation)">7th</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_TV" title="Apple TV">Apple TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Watch" title="Apple Watch">Apple Watch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Watch_Ultra" title="Apple Watch Ultra">Ultra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beddit" title="Beddit">Beddit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Newton" title="Apple Newton">Newton</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MessagePad" title="MessagePad">MessagePad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EMate_300" title="EMate 300">eMate 300</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Paladin" title="Apple Paladin">Paladin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Pippin" title="Apple Pippin">Pippin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Bandai_Pippin" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple Bandai Pippin">Bandai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerCD" title="PowerCD">PowerCD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_QuickTake" title="Apple QuickTake">QuickTake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Vision_Pro" title="Apple Vision Pro">Vision Pro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unreleased</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AirPower_(Apple)" title="AirPower (Apple)">AirPower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Interactive_Television_Box" title="Apple Interactive Television Box">Interactive Television Box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_NC" title="Mac NC">Mac NC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wizzy_Active_Lifestyle_Telephone" title="Wizzy Active Lifestyle Telephone">W.A.L.T.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Accessories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Audio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AirPods" title="AirPods">AirPods</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AirPods_Pro" title="AirPods Pro">Pro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AirPods_Max" title="AirPods Max">Max</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beats_Electronics" title="Beats Electronics">Beats</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beats_Pill" title="Beats Pill">Pill</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_headphones" title="Apple headphones">Headphones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_speakers" title="Apple speakers">Speakers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IPod_Hi-Fi" title="IPod Hi-Fi">iPod Hi-Fi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SoundSticks" title="SoundSticks">SoundSticks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HomePod" title="HomePod">HomePod</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HomePod_Mini" title="HomePod Mini">Mini</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Apple_displays" title="Apple displays">Displays</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Monitor_III" title="Apple Monitor III">Monitor III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Monitor_II" title="Apple Monitor II">Monitor II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ColorMonitor_IIe/AppleColor_Composite_Monitor_IIe" class="mw-redirect" title="ColorMonitor IIe/AppleColor Composite Monitor IIe">AppleColor Composite IIe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AppleColor_High-Resolution_RGB_Monitor" class="mw-redirect" title="AppleColor High-Resolution RGB Monitor">AppleColor High-Resolution RGB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Macintosh_Color_Display" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple Macintosh Color Display">Color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_AudioVision_14_Display" title="Apple AudioVision 14 Display">AudioVision 14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Multiple_Scan_14_Display" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple Multiple Scan 14 Display">Multiple Scan 14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_ColorSync/AppleVision_750_Display" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple ColorSync/AppleVision 750 Display">ColorSync 750</a></li> <li>Studio <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Studio_Display_(1998%E2%80%932004)" title="Apple Studio Display (1998–2004)">1998–2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Studio_Display" title="Apple Studio Display">2022</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Cinema_Display" title="Apple Cinema Display">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Thunderbolt_Display" title="Apple Thunderbolt Display">Thunderbolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pro_Display_XDR" title="Pro Display XDR">Pro Display XDR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Apple_drives" title="List of Apple drives">Drives</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disk_II" title="Disk II">Disk II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_External_Disk_Drive" title="Macintosh External Disk Drive">Macintosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_ProFile" title="Apple ProFile">ProFile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_Disk_20" title="Hard Disk 20">Hard Disk 20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_Disk_20SC" title="Hard Disk 20SC">Hard Disk 20SC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AppleCD" title="AppleCD">AppleCD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerCD" title="PowerCD">PowerCD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Tape_Backup_40SC" title="Apple Tape Backup 40SC">Tape Drive 40SC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SuperDrive" title="SuperDrive">SuperDrive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xserve_RAID" title="Xserve RAID">Xserve RAID</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Input</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Desktop_Bus" title="Apple Desktop Bus">Desktop Bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_iPad_accessories" title="List of iPad accessories">iPad accessories</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Pencil" title="Apple Pencil">Pencil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISight" title="ISight">iSight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_keyboards" title="Apple keyboards">Keyboards</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Extended_Keyboard" title="Apple Extended Keyboard">Extended</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Adjustable_Keyboard" title="Apple Adjustable Keyboard">Adjustable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Wireless_Keyboard" title="Apple Wireless Keyboard">Wireless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_Keyboard_(Mac)" title="Magic Keyboard (Mac)">Magic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_pointing_devices" title="Apple pointing devices">Mice and trackpads</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hockey_puck_mouse" title="Hockey puck mouse">USB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Mighty_Mouse" title="Apple Mighty Mouse">Mighty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_Mouse" title="Magic Mouse">Magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_Trackpad" title="Magic Trackpad">Magic Trackpad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Remote" title="Apple Remote">Remote</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siri_Remote" title="Siri Remote">Siri Remote</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Scanner" title="Apple Scanner">Scanner</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_OneScanner" title="Apple OneScanner">OneScanner</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">iPod</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IPod_click_wheel" title="IPod click wheel">Click wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nike%2BiPod" title="Nike+iPod">Nike+iPod</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Networking</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AirPort" title="AirPort">AirPort</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AirPort_Express" title="AirPort Express">Express</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AirPort_Extreme" title="AirPort Extreme">Extreme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AirPort_Time_Capsule" title="AirPort Time Capsule">Time Capsule</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_II_serial_cards" title="Apple II serial cards">Apple II serial cards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_USB_Modem" title="Apple USB Modem">USB Modem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LocalTalk" title="LocalTalk">LocalTalk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Communication_Slot" title="Apple Communication Slot">Communication Slot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GeoPort" title="GeoPort">GeoPort</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Apple_printers" title="List of Apple printers">Printers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Silentype" title="Apple Silentype">Silentype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Dot_Matrix_Printer" title="Apple Dot Matrix Printer">Dot Matrix Printer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Daisy_Wheel_Printer" title="Apple Daisy Wheel Printer">Letter Quality Printer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ImageWriter" title="ImageWriter">ImageWriter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LaserWriter" title="LaserWriter">LaserWriter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_410_Color_Plotter" title="Apple 410 Color Plotter">410 Color Plotter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_LaserWriter" title="Color LaserWriter">Color LaserWriter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/StyleWriter" title="StyleWriter">StyleWriter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Security</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/AirTag" title="AirTag">AirTag</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Apple_silicon" title="Apple silicon">Silicon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="A_series" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">A series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_A4" title="Apple A4">A4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_A5" title="Apple A5">A5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_A5X" title="Apple A5X">A5X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_A6" title="Apple A6">A6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_A6X" title="Apple A6X">A6X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_A7" title="Apple A7">A7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_A8" title="Apple A8">A8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_A8X" title="Apple A8X">A8X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_A9" title="Apple A9">A9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_A9X" title="Apple A9X">A9X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_A10" title="Apple A10">A10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_A10X" title="Apple A10X">A10X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_A11" title="Apple A11">A11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_A12" title="Apple A12">A12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_A12X" title="Apple A12X">A12X/A12Z</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_A13" title="Apple A13">A13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_A14" title="Apple A14">A14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_A15" title="Apple A15">A15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_A16" title="Apple A16">A16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_A17" title="Apple A17">A17 Pro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_A18" title="Apple A18">A18 / A18 Pro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">M series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_M1" title="Apple M1">M1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_M2" title="Apple M2">M2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_M3" title="Apple M3">M3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_M4" title="Apple M4">M4</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">S series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_S1" title="Apple S1">S1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_S1P" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple S1P">S1P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_S2" title="Apple S2">S2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_S3" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple S3">S3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_S4" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple S4">S4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_S5" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple S5">S5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_S6" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple S6">S6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_S7" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple S7">S7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_S8" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple S8">S8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_S9" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple S9">S9</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>H series <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_H1" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple H1">H1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_H2" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple H2">H2</a></li></ul></li> <li>R series <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_R1" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple R1">R1</a></li></ul></li> <li>T series <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_T1" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple T1">T1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_T2" title="Apple T2">T2</a></li></ul></li> <li>U series <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_U1" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple U1">U1</a></li></ul></li> <li>W series <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_W1" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple W1">W1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_W2" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple W2">W2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_W3" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple W3">W3</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Hardware lists <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mac_models" title="List of Mac models">Macs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_iPhone_models" title="List of iPhone models">iPhones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_iPad_models" title="List of iPad models">iPads</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Apple_Inc._products" class="mw-redirect" 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