CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "dl.acm.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '92d683a218bf44a7',cH: 'fOBHkoBj8DTlU1l2cR5P7nY5WeAjUhOCqheAfoJFixk-1744165110-1.2.1.1-kQlEN07v6JGqpmt5uYZANDG9MrKwiVxQCUVwYht76X.OBmh4.klluDFqcobYmwQS',cUPMDTk: "\/doi\/10.1145\/3305268?__cf_chl_tk=5w.Xe7WIKtJszYGVtCYyE39x2xgTNPy01YMCnbBHWWU-1744165110-1.0.1.1-avkNavtksqEyaixEUVR7YfoGIM4weZvvA_gpJbw.les",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1744165110',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "unsupported_browser_beacon",fa: "\/doi\/10.1145\/3305268?__cf_chl_f_tk=5w.Xe7WIKtJszYGVtCYyE39x2xgTNPy01YMCnbBHWWU-1744165110-1.0.1.1-avkNavtksqEyaixEUVR7YfoGIM4weZvvA_gpJbw.les",md: "6O.m6lueny0KqHccnOUc5JyUdGe3acz8WHlQgFI2qtE-1744165110-1.2.1.1-kottdScbEGvmdbYwANi.X3oy34xsAjDwOGE8bsiUSCf0l0m5_CTzj6Ehm1UbYTpgHwSZseDDT6bStEyA75sWZF14qGE6n8xv3B7NNg9w6vp6L.8j69.b7myiK8VvsFBxJQQNV.yutQUXzUrR7Gg3rkUsDmSMOXCS8pmHih0w7zkCfq9rcE00IV.QvCsejiGcJB5NlkLmbVugB_C5.tdaEvyZWvx5C1HZwAG9PD3fzIJFQysweXXqUlbY1_m2ZMXDtxiLoMArtQOUIUT1Oq87vPuSHOFENvtGPTZd.La7.I9gsx1_8SjSKncHPfxMUNHzNKWErv8GZ4yyWq5xHrMefmjGqsRgpYMtFLC1XQZd.b2cUXlN1jNX0.Vd6i5e7d5Z5iXYzjx.xGNb0sK0aL_0Nxio7IthSbnew8jIzjuxUhm.FL8PI2OmaeGq9T3JBqMrvPPfMaIv2paTMv0Pl5kkS_szzYYOH24Lc18FfFX_AdjS9mg.lW7NVPshjEfMtVKC.IfDgMsmVQ0nilRjreKcYN327akH4N1t7zvcE7eblLsoiHNad6zQPWG8ufwSszRsXAidEgCwcQ54rp4pGJ3ekfs18T_Hv9_ipBjPGpX6vvibs2Kt1Swj1eebpMskyP9f177w85xjHRU2dioZrjijohh2smt1mDQT_XZPYFvuR6QCUZ3YLyQjYVvx.aHM8YD2YAQyWt8w8K2kh082Kw3CZ7MC5h009HAszINVpe8kKrp9OvrsE3VMAFQefTCClZS_rzrh2jkEd.aQJhE6SkbY6Q1soSD_59.V0tLeYpA1kLQ8LDhC_zmYF7J1WAdfrA_bDpFkhuajZkf1wKFkhxqoAQrKGzUlIt11mLtPEROqJty4qGoB99D1hrdYLQH5QuOKGQSzDjA0b.NpA3khel6AdoGBLK3kXrWr_iq1I3ujT9WYpiCR0Iy2wkMtcLekVkVzBemMVSym6_21QxZGkrApGaTGtgN7znYCDQSToLuYEbu71K8LljSFpj0W7o7FQIDVqOaXfPnAIK9BcJdNVuJHbBI8swtSn9PNkrLF_FnFE5WYDD4R8CCnmADr6N3lEOQNdzrb425XbdA2B2Ckg1BJvwq2w26cKrqpMmqRRvufLnpMbgV3KBzYmsfq_kxcgtr.G7db45CEUhblkUhqp1Ho_C3qS.KRQiElMj8h1V40.2Hnf8yMFcDaySnF9_0sr.TCm9dMW8cec_qUbbznkZUp8R5dVoSIH8KdE2GrfKf9.5u58CALfGvEgWRD5tjFxP0w",mdrd: "5_Ulj2saW6adaodRvi2g16_ajiZ1wDIcACwc5RoRKuA-1744165110-1.2.1.1-GcqpYzX8cHSfYDiMnpiwcU6XyaZsvBv9DopxRd9rFuS7Ur4hsKGw4cjKESpdb4jNMV8hEAgr.ebi6f1pQBwkNTz_NCmPSJnS3RyaJAJpZZSW1yvyzNZziQjRsRTWbKabll.wXyx36I_0XEJg9QdTQU0TeUEbmkLeQg2UdXo9Jcrv4N0wch_qw8Z2Qj.4n5TOBI4mO5Sz5IDayJ1XoQGVYdjnOzY6nqKvbqhY8y26EjShqrt..yjK4w3oIzmYPWxQw3AOecd19ghGrueGmmOdPSJtsu.Qm7hExAu4_bXhmuFIKVByn1EAMspHgev20xhCeWe24zUcLaT7RN0vgkpWfApBS_3BycXMAu2OnAmsGlT38AWMtKrBHAUmpuiezd87AblEFfTwhHYnJSMCbP16H3M1ycLmK.DEfLd3D9LGfDiKz6HqodHiQbJrmLh_xHluP.0fmBkinVlJW2j5cxWDZCKnqzlfHHhkyKOVBhrX1iYuSj8hHSvuFWXNChGBaz.vSvSQ8b0VOBkZ6uw0X0dweJM.rUnMiTjgdVG98opD37_ATJw9g6vbQnGlaNrppOT8Dcid4_Ek7M0N4StY_kDFuWF6oDyL9lmiLJtMlz9.EgrBSrmVGwoZhti3Qu4XF8mxGgAHL4r06KzGqejtJgJ96KzMd45pQBYpU7Hj_XIPY5NFXqYO7R8iLYewtPSgVLf5juDZlQGccvS8vhhZqRRr8Sb.Zw1LrjpFpFxE_NMYCqwDKnbn3yB4UlxWlE5kirurHDRyK1mXLiM154pqVHNKL2_hpwEw5DdEmgA4oLfmzlqcGsbw.esTTFXE9YosqrF5rp_blxQusiseXpIsupYvvRvPv5OTA5LxQqCxtTlUlKarHbMwjMQkpsIO4qKPYQ0c8XWRPCPL8lQOwsaadExsSd50IEQhj.d9MvWzqyS57D5605KD2dh7j_9Eo7E.JJU41Kqg6MhrrM5qf0Bxh36PLd7e3s_5EDDyMpSuheY83UNMfiH4DBBY0YjxIxBaW65rYHagwrdyrudAExWYaW_ipNqrbB6tP3LGmMhD_XhsgXf_lDIXSHX3GPtmoBrTD_AXWvaPlQz.KdkuvUg2araBg2koRZDNjcavDG2gAQJIbmnybmNap3ZbUMM9PU8Ti4WJRSOQD15ytjzUMKD8wGUggnARTRR9B7Q3bla2tWRIJ.LxGYVG551uV5_hBXNg59cjCz38MLYNPcdw6vHrR6gMfh.xP.riYDXBwLqN66r5AWV.mah9Pk82wnuYqjZM2UU8XOT_oI66F3fpAviddNobDLs6puzGB2_8ZGeR1vZ.Cl2iYDLVDhTCPRgI9_tQP_ooHok_wXTp_AU3.3WEk2et4xhiipssHY6fm3Qg1OQJWNw.dOBTEcjDVP5b4y5GGFP3LlqicQVAwjhbZBhQkFwX47XzyytwfzaU6za1zg4GQNQJNXqm3IkdkBao7ZadWOdp1XmIzWc0.AlwkcwBoA1YOBVIwWuvpXo_dAMNIekTfGf.XUockXUztHUU1UqEVJgDqJXQtDYV.oPl7kMzQoEfhdon80t4sV4tV8Bg.UpcdJ5XZbbbTi6HGr_Si1dQIT_RfRr3koyM0AhI2bVJ0CqRBSIqphUNcoL261SPpvA4hjGoyHH_n122nSj6T1CAqJewFr7uksa2fu4Genl28vAcie_oeQQp.uzy.uq9tdU.DmJdiZ9O0gAW5tKMdSFuo_TQGJgS_opvETbGEXSuJ26_SMAINAmkM75U4XlmLL1QDQsTvEEaALzEPuq6qxPebRrrWI75f_GWojL.CvFWFetJre53s8fQ7IZVVno26k_reim1bbWqvK8HMK3jXjT0C5GDni7dEnIoC.h7u6SV_ShBjEYZSfYPIs1ad9z06_Gx4Vb_fZCxNuPbxz8vKtfuTVEkl5C4rsOxBpCpfDp39t3ZKdMkULifArItqSjPYHiUKA6pbGlZgoGvawutTK1BFOux1t_5LYF9dbGILl2eZKgqnfpON5zjQWL.EZUU.4lSh4eerDEtrhujQRnnKQAnKvpo"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=92d683a218bf44a7';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/doi\/10.1145\/3305268?__cf_chl_rt_tk=5w.Xe7WIKtJszYGVtCYyE39x2xgTNPy01YMCnbBHWWU-1744165110-1.0.1.1-avkNavtksqEyaixEUVR7YfoGIM4weZvvA_gpJbw.les" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>