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class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Mussoorie" title="Mussoorie">Mussoorie</a>.</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the U.S. state. For the river, see <a href="/wiki/Missouri_River" title="Missouri River">Missouri River</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Missouri_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Missouri (disambiguation)">Missouri (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style>Missouri (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/mɪˈzʊəri/</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui='{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/f\/f0\/En-us-Missouri.ogg\/En-us-Missouri.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"En-us-Missouri.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}'><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f0/En-us-Missouri.ogg/En-us-Missouri.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:En-us-Missouri.ogg" title="File:En-us-Missouri.ogg">ⓘ</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">mih-ZOOR-ee</a>) is a <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">state</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwestern</a> region of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> Ranking <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_area" title="List of U.S. states and territories by area">21st in land area</a>, it borders <a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a> to the north, <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a> to the east, <a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a> to the south and <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">Nebraska</a> to the west. In the south are the <a href="/wiki/Ozarks" title="Ozarks">Ozarks</a>, a forested highland, providing timber, minerals, and recreation. At 1.5 billion years old, the <a href="/wiki/St._Francois_Mountains" title="St. Francois Mountains">St. Francois Mountains</a> are among the oldest in the world. The <a href="/wiki/Missouri_River" title="Missouri River">Missouri River</a>, after which the state is named, flows through the center and into the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi River</a>, which makes up the eastern border. With over six million residents, it is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_population" title="List of U.S. states and territories by population">18th-most populous</a> state of the country. The largest urban areas are <a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri" title="Kansas City, Missouri">Kansas City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Missouri" title="Springfield, Missouri">Springfield</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Columbia,_Missouri" title="Columbia, Missouri">Columbia</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">capital</a> is <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_City,_Missouri" title="Jefferson City, Missouri">Jefferson City</a>. <table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Missouri</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Missouri.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Missouri"><img alt="Flag of Missouri" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Missouri.svg/125px-Flag_of_Missouri.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Missouri.svg/188px-Flag_of_Missouri.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Missouri.svg/250px-Flag_of_Missouri.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1400"></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Missouri" title="Flag of Missouri">Flag</a></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_Missouri.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Missouri"><img alt="Official seal of Missouri" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Seal_of_Missouri.svg/100px-Seal_of_Missouri.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Seal_of_Missouri.svg/150px-Seal_of_Missouri.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Seal_of_Missouri.svg/200px-Seal_of_Missouri.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Seal_of_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="Seal of Missouri">Seal</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_nicknames" title="List of U.S. state and territory nicknames">Nicknames</a>: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">Show Me State, Cave State, and Mother of the West</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_mottos" title="List of U.S. state and territory mottos">Motto</a>: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname"><a href="/wiki/Salus_populi_suprema_lex_esto" title="Salus populi suprema lex esto">Salus populi suprema lex esto</a> (<a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>) Let the good of the people be the supreme law</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_songs" title="List of U.S. state songs">Anthem:</a> "<a href="/wiki/Missouri_Waltz" title="Missouri Waltz">Missouri Waltz</a>"</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Missouri_in_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of the United States with Missouri highlighted"><img alt="Map of the United States with Missouri highlighted" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Missouri_in_United_States.svg/300px-Missouri_in_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Missouri_in_United_States.svg/450px-Missouri_in_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Missouri_in_United_States.svg/600px-Missouri_in_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="731"></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Map of the United States with Missouri highlighted</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Before statehood</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Missouri_Territory" title="Missouri Territory">Missouri Territory</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_date_of_admission_to_the_Union" title="List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union">Admitted to the Union</a></th><td class="infobox-data">August 10, 1821 (24th)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_capitals_in_the_United_States" title="List of capitals in the United States">Capital</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_City,_Missouri" title="Jefferson City, Missouri">Jefferson City</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_cities_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_population" title="List of largest cities of U.S. states and territories by population">Largest city</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri" title="Kansas City, Missouri">Kansas City</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_most_populous_counties_by_U.S._state" title="List of the most populous counties by U.S. state">Largest county or equivalent</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_County,_Missouri" title="St. Louis County, Missouri">St. Louis</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Statistical_area_(United_States)" title="Statistical area (United States)">Largest metro</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_urban_areas" title="List of United States urban areas">urban</a> areas</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Greater_St._Louis" title="Greater St. Louis">Greater St. Louis</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Missouri">Governor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Parson" title="Mike Parson">Mike Parson</a> (<a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">R</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Missouri" title="Lieutenant Governor of Missouri">Lieutenant governor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Kehoe" title="Mike Kehoe">Mike Kehoe</a> (R)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">Legislature</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Missouri_General_Assembly" title="Missouri General Assembly">General Assembly</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Upper_house" title="Upper house">Upper house</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Missouri_Senate" title="Missouri Senate">Senate</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Lower_house" title="Lower house">Lower house</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Missouri_House_of_Representatives" title="Missouri House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary" title="Judiciary">Judiciary</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Missouri" title="Supreme Court of Missouri">Supreme Court of Missouri</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Missouri" title="List of United States senators from Missouri">U.S. senators</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Josh_Hawley" title="Josh Hawley">Josh Hawley</a> (R) <a href="/wiki/Eric_Schmitt" title="Eric Schmitt">Eric Schmitt</a> (R)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Missouri" title="List of United States representatives from Missouri">U.S. House delegation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">6 Republicans 2 <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democrats</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_delegations_from_Missouri" title="United States congressional delegations from Missouri">list</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">69,715 sq mi (180,560 km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Land</th><td class="infobox-data">68,886 sq mi (179,015 km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_area" title="List of U.S. states and territories by area">21st</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Dimensions<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Length</th><td class="infobox-data">300 mi (480 km)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Width</th><td class="infobox-data">240 mi (390 km)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">800 ft (244 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (<a href="/wiki/Taum_Sauk_Mountain" title="Taum Sauk Mountain">Taum Sauk Mountain</a><a href="#cite_note-USGS-1">[1]</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,772 ft (540 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lowest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (<a href="/wiki/St._Francis_River" title="St. Francis River">St. Francis River</a> at <a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a> border)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">230 ft (70 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2020)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">6,160,281<a href="#cite_note-Bureau_2021-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_population" title="List of U.S. states and territories by population">18th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">88.2/sq mi (34.1/km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_and_territories_of_the_United_States_by_population_density" title="List of states and territories of the United States by population density">30th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Household_income_in_the_United_States" title="Household income in the United States">Median household income</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">$53,578<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Income rank<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_income#States_and_territories_ranked_by_median_household_income" title="List of U.S. states and territories by income">38th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Missourian</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Language<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_United_States" title="Languages of the United States">Official language</a></th><td class="infobox-data">English</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_United_States" title="Languages of the United States">Spoken language</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li>English 93.9%</li> <li>Spanish 2.6%</li> <li>German 0.4%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_French" title="Missouri French">Missouri French</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9206:00" title="UTC−06:00">UTC−06:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_Time_Zone_(North_America)" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Time Zone (North America)">Central</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9205:00" title="UTC−05:00">UTC−05:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_Daylight_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Daylight Time">CDT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_abbreviations" title="List of U.S. state and territory abbreviations">USPS abbreviation</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">MO</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:US" title="ISO 3166-2:US">US-MO</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_abbreviations" title="List of U.S. state and territory abbreviations">Traditional abbreviation</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Mo.</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Latitude</th><td class="infobox-data">36° 0′ N to 40° 37′ N</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Longitude</th><td class="infobox-data">89° 6′ W to 95° 46′ W</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mo.gov">mo.gov</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1141396924">.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-none{float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-center{float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols .infobox-title{font-size:120%}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols .infobox-subheader{font-weight:bold;background-color:#cddeff}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-island{font-weight:bold;background-color:#cef2e0}</style><table class="infobox ib-region-symbols"><caption class="infobox-title">State symbols of Missouri</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:85%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Missouri_state_symbols" title="List of Missouri state symbols">List of state symbols</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Missouri.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Missouri.svg/250px-Flag_of_Missouri.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Missouri.svg/375px-Flag_of_Missouri.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Missouri.svg/500px-Flag_of_Missouri.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1400"></a><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Missouri" title="Flag of Missouri">Flag of Missouri</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_Missouri.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Seal_of_Missouri.svg/150px-Seal_of_Missouri.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Seal_of_Missouri.svg/225px-Seal_of_Missouri.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Seal_of_Missouri.svg/300px-Seal_of_Missouri.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></a><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Seal_of_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="Seal of Missouri">Seal of Missouri</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_songs" title="List of U.S. state songs">Song</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Missouri_Waltz" title="Missouri Waltz">Missouri Waltz</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid">Living insignia</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_amphibians" title="List of U.S. state amphibians">Amphibian</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/American_bullfrog" title="American bullfrog">American bullfrog</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_birds" title="List of U.S. state birds">Bird</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_bluebird" title="Eastern bluebird">Eastern bluebird</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_fish" title="List of U.S. state fish">Fish</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Channel_catfish" title="Channel catfish">Channel catfish</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_flowers" title="List of U.S. state and territory flowers">Flower</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Crataegus_punctata" title="Crataegus punctata">White hawthorn</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fruit</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Asimina_triloba" title="Asimina triloba">Paw-paw</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_grasses" title="List of U.S. state grasses">Grass</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Big_bluestem" class="mw-redirect" title="Big bluestem">Big bluestem</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_mammals" title="List of U.S. state mammals">Horse breed</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Missouri_Fox_Trotter" title="Missouri Fox Trotter">Missouri Fox Trotter</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_insects" title="List of U.S. state insects">Insect</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Western_honey_bee" title="Western honey bee">Western honey bee</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_mammals" title="List of U.S. state mammals">Mammal</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mule" title="Mule">Missouri Mule</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_trees" title="List of U.S. state and territory trees">Tree</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Flowering_Dogwood" class="mw-redirect" title="Flowering Dogwood">Flowering Dogwood</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid">Inanimate insignia</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_dances" title="List of U.S. state dances">Dance</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Square_dance" title="Square dance">Square dance</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_dinosaurs" title="List of U.S. state dinosaurs">Dinosaur</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hypsibema_missouriensis" title="Hypsibema missouriensis">Hypsibema missouriensis</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_foods" title="List of U.S. state foods">Food</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Dessert: <a href="/wiki/Ice_cream" title="Ice cream">Ice cream</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_fossils" title="List of U.S. state fossils">Fossil</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Crinoid" title="Crinoid">Crinoid</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_minerals,_rocks,_stones_and_gemstones" title="List of U.S. state minerals, rocks, stones and gemstones">Gemstone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Beryl" title="Beryl">Beryl</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_instruments" title="List of U.S. state instruments">Instrument</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fiddle" title="Fiddle">Fiddle</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_minerals,_rocks,_stones_and_gemstones" title="List of U.S. state minerals, rocks, stones and gemstones">Mineral</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Galena" title="Galena">Galena</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_minerals,_rocks,_stones_and_gemstones" title="List of U.S. state minerals, rocks, stones and gemstones">Rock</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mozarkite" title="Mozarkite">Mozarkite</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_soils" title="List of U.S. state soils">Soil</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Menfro" title="Menfro">Menfro</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid"><a href="/wiki/Numbered_highways_in_the_United_States#State_highways" title="Numbered highways in the United States">State route marker</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:MO-5.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Route marker"><img alt="Route marker" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/MO-5.svg/85px-MO-5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/MO-5.svg/128px-MO-5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/MO-5.svg/170px-MO-5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid"><a href="/wiki/50_State_quarters" title="50 State quarters">State quarter</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:2003_MO_Proof.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Missouri quarter dollar coin"><img alt="Missouri quarter dollar coin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/2003_MO_Proof.png/85px-2003_MO_Proof.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/2003_MO_Proof.png/128px-2003_MO_Proof.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/2003_MO_Proof.png/169px-2003_MO_Proof.png 2x" data-file-width="1119" data-file-height="1123"></a><div>Released in 2003</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_United_States_state_symbols" title="Lists of United States state symbols">Lists of United States state symbols</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Humans have inhabited present-day Missouri for at least 12,000 years. The <a href="/wiki/Mississippian_culture" title="Mississippian culture">Mississippian culture</a>, which emerged in the ninth century, built cities and <a href="/wiki/Mound_Builders" title="Mound Builders">mounds</a> before declining in the 14th century. The Indigenous <a href="/wiki/Osage_Nation" title="Osage Nation">Osage</a> and <a href="/wiki/Missouria" title="Missouria">Missouria</a> nations inhabited the area when European people arrived in the 17th century. The French incorporated the territory into <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_(New_France)" title="Louisiana (New France)">Louisiana</a>, founding <a href="/wiki/Ste._Genevieve,_Missouri" title="Ste. Genevieve, Missouri">Ste. Genevieve</a> in 1735 and <a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis</a> in 1764. After a brief period of <a href="/wiki/New_Spain" title="New Spain">Spanish rule</a>, the United States acquired Missouri as part of the <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Purchase" title="Louisiana Purchase">Louisiana Purchase</a> in 1803. Americans from the <a href="/wiki/Upland_South" title="Upland South">Upland South</a> rushed into the new <a href="/wiki/Missouri_Territory" title="Missouri Territory">Missouri Territory</a>; Missouri played a central role in the westward expansion of the United States.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> Missouri was admitted as a slave state as part of the <a href="/wiki/Missouri_Compromise" title="Missouri Compromise">Missouri Compromise of 1820</a>. As a <a href="/wiki/Border_states_(American_Civil_War)" title="Border states (American Civil War)">border state</a>, <a href="/wiki/Missouri_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Missouri in the American Civil War">Missouri's role</a> in the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a> was complex, and it was subject to rival governments, raids, and guerilla warfare. After the war, both <a href="/wiki/Greater_St._Louis" title="Greater St. Louis">Greater St. Louis</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_metropolitan_area" title="Kansas City metropolitan area">Kansas City metropolitan area</a> became large centers of industrialization and business. Today the state is divided into <a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Missouri" title="List of counties in Missouri">114 counties</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Independent_city_(United_States)" title="Independent city (United States)">independent city</a> of St. Louis. Missouri has been called the "Mother of the West", the "Cave State", and the "Show Me State".<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> Its culture blends elements of the Midwestern and <a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">Southern United States</a>. It is the birthplace of the musical genres <a href="/wiki/Ragtime" title="Ragtime">ragtime</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_jazz" title="Kansas City jazz">Kansas City jazz</a> and <a href="/wiki/St._Louis_blues_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Louis blues (music)">St. Louis blues</a>. The well-known <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City-style_barbecue" class="mw-redirect" title="Kansas City-style barbecue">Kansas City-style barbecue</a>, and the lesser-known <a href="/wiki/St._Louis-style_barbecue" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Louis-style barbecue">St. Louis-style barbecue</a>, can be found across the state and beyond. Missouri is a major center of beer brewing and has some of the most permissive <a href="/wiki/Missouri%27s_alcohol_laws" class="mw-redirect" title="Missouri's alcohol laws">alcohol laws</a> in the U.S.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> It is home to <a href="/wiki/Anheuser-Busch" title="Anheuser-Busch">Anheuser-Busch</a>, the world's largest beer producer, and produces <a href="/wiki/Missouri_wine" title="Missouri wine">Missouri wine</a>, especially in the <a href="/wiki/Missouri_Rhineland" title="Missouri Rhineland">Missouri Rhineland</a>. Outside the state's major cities, popular tourist destinations include the <a href="/wiki/Lake_of_the_Ozarks" title="Lake of the Ozarks">Lake of the Ozarks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Table_Rock_Lake" title="Table Rock Lake">Table Rock Lake</a> and <a href="/wiki/Branson,_Missouri" title="Branson, Missouri">Branson</a>. Some of the largest companies based in the state include <a href="/wiki/Cerner" class="mw-redirect" title="Cerner">Cerner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Express_Scripts" title="Express Scripts">Express Scripts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monsanto" title="Monsanto">Monsanto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emerson_Electric" title="Emerson Electric">Emerson Electric</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Jones_Investments" title="Edward Jones Investments">Edward Jones</a>, <a href="/wiki/H%26R_Block" title="H&R Block">H&R Block</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wells_Fargo_Advisors" title="Wells Fargo Advisors">Wells Fargo Advisors</a>, <a href="/wiki/Centene_Corporation" title="Centene Corporation">Centene Corporation</a>, and <a href="/wiki/O%27Reilly_Auto_Parts" title="O'Reilly Auto Parts">O'Reilly Auto Parts</a>. Well-known universities in Missouri include the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Missouri" title="University of Missouri">University of Missouri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Louis_University" title="Saint Louis University">Saint Louis University</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Washington_University_in_St._Louis" title="Washington University in St. Louis">Washington University in St. Louis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Etymology_and_pronunciation">1 Etymology and pronunciation</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Nicknames">1.1 Nicknames</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#History">2 History</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Early_history">2.1 Early history</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#19th_century">2.2 19th century</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Admission_as_a_state_in_1821">2.3 Admission as a state in 1821</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#American_Civil_War">2.4 American Civil War</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Reconstruction_period_and_later_19th_century">2.5 Reconstruction period and later 19th century</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#20th_century">2.6 20th century</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#21st_century">2.7 21st century</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#Geography">3 Geography</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Topography">3.1 Topography</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Climate">3.2 Climate</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Wildlife">3.3 Wildlife</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Forests">3.4 Forests</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#Demographics">4 Demographics</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#Birth_data">4.1 Birth data</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Language">4.2 Language</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="#Religion">4.3 Religion</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="#Economy">5 Economy</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="#Taxation">5.1 Taxation</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="#Energy">5.2 Energy</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23"><a href="#Transportation">6 Transportation</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="#Airports">6.1 Airports</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="#Rail">6.2 Rail</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="#Bus">6.3 Bus</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27"><a href="#Rivers">6.4 Rivers</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-28"><a href="#Roads">6.5 Roads</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-29"><a href="#Government_and_politics">7 Government and politics</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-30"><a href="#Former_status_as_a_political_bellwether">7.1 Former status as a political bellwether</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-31"><a href="#Laissez-faire_alcohol_and_tobacco_laws">7.2 Laissez-faire alcohol and tobacco laws</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-32"><a href="#Cannabis_laws">7.3 Cannabis laws</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-33"><a href="#Counties">7.4 Counties</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-34"><a href="#Cities_and_towns">8 Cities and towns</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-35"><a href="#Education">9 Education</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-36"><a href="#Missouri_State_Board_of_Education">9.1 Missouri State Board of Education</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-37"><a href="#Primary_and_secondary_schools">9.2 Primary and secondary schools</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-38"><a href="#Colleges_and_universities">9.3 Colleges and universities</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-39"><a href="#Culture">10 Culture</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-40"><a href="#Music">10.1 Music</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-41"><a href="#Literature">10.2 Literature</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-42"><a href="#Sports">10.3 Sports</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-43"><a href="#See_also">11 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-44"><a href="#References">12 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-45"><a href="#External_links">13 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="Etymology_and_pronunciation">Etymology and pronunciation</h2></div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> The state is named for the <a href="/wiki/Missouri_River" title="Missouri River">Missouri River</a>, which was named after the indigenous <a href="/wiki/Missouria" title="Missouria">Missouria</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Siouan_languages" title="Siouan languages">Siouan-language</a> tribe. French colonists adapted a form of the <a href="/wiki/Illinois_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Illinois language">Illinois language</a>-name for the people: Wimihsoorita. Their name means "One who has dugout canoes".<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> The name Missouri has several different pronunciations even among its present-day inhabitants,<a href="#cite_note-wheaton20121013-12">[12]</a> the two most common being <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/mɪˈzɜːri/</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui='{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/f\/f0\/En-us-Missouri.ogg\/En-us-Missouri.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"En-us-Missouri.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}'><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f0/En-us-Missouri.ogg/En-us-Missouri.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:En-us-Missouri.ogg" title="File:En-us-Missouri.ogg">ⓘ</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">mih-ZUR-ee</a> and <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/mɪˈzɜːrə/</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-3" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui='{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/b\/b2\/En-us-Missouri-2.ogg\/En-us-Missouri-2.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"En-us-Missouri-2.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}'><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b2/En-us-Missouri-2.ogg/En-us-Missouri-2.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:En-us-Missouri-2.ogg" title="File:En-us-Missouri-2.ogg">ⓘ</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">mih-ZUR-ə</a>.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-lance2003-14">[14]</a> Further pronunciations also exist in Missouri or elsewhere in the United States, involving the realization of the medial consonant as either <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/z/</a> or <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/s/</a>; the vowel in the second syllable as either <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ɜːr/</a> or <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ʊər/</a>;<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> and the third syllable as <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/i/</a> or <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ə/</a>.<a href="#cite_note-lance2003-14">[14]</a> Any combination of these phonetic realizations may be observed coming from speakers of <a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">American English</a>. In British <a href="/wiki/Received_pronunciation" class="mw-redirect" title="Received pronunciation">received pronunciation</a>, the preferred variant is <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/mɪˈzʊəri/</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/mɪˈsʊəri/</a> being a possible alternative.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> Donald M. Lance, a professor of English at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Missouri" title="University of Missouri">University of Missouri</a>, stated that no pronunciation could be declared correct, nor could any be clearly defined as native or outsider, rural or urban, southern or northern, educated or otherwise.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> Politicians often employ multiple pronunciations, even during a single speech, to appeal to a greater number of listeners.<a href="#cite_note-wheaton20121013-12">[12]</a> In informal contexts respellings of the state's name, such as "Missour-ee" or "Missour-uh", are occasionally used to distinguish pronunciations phonetically. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nicknames">Nicknames</h3></div> There is no official state nickname.<a href="#cite_note-Slogan-19">[19]</a> However, Missouri's unofficial nickname is the "Show Me State", which appears on its <a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Missouri" title="Vehicle registration plates of Missouri">license plates</a>. This phrase has several origins. One is popularly ascribed to a speech by Congressman <a href="/wiki/Willard_Vandiver" class="mw-redirect" title="Willard Vandiver">Willard Vandiver</a> in 1899, who declared that "I come from a state that raises corn and cotton, <a href="/wiki/Cocklebur" class="mw-redirect" title="Cocklebur">cockleburs</a> and Democrats, and frothy eloquence neither convinces nor satisfies me. I'm from Missouri, and you have got to show me." This is in keeping with the saying "I'm from Missouri", which means "I'm skeptical of the matter and not easily convinced."<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> However, according to researchers, the phrase "show me" was already in use before the 1890s.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> Another one states that it is a reference to Missouri miners who were taken to <a href="/wiki/Leadville,_Colorado" title="Leadville, Colorado">Leadville, Colorado</a> to replace striking workers. Since the new miners were unfamiliar with the mining methods, they required frequent instruction.<a href="#cite_note-Slogan-19">[19]</a> Other nicknames for Missouri include "The Lead State", "The Bullion State", "The Ozark State", "The Mother of the West", "The Iron Mountain State", and "Pennsylvania of the West".<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> It is also known as the "Cave State"<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a>: 53 because there are more than 7,300 recorded caves in the state (second to <a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a>). <a href="/wiki/Perry_County,_Missouri" title="Perry County, Missouri">Perry County</a> is the county with the most caves and the single longest cave.<a href="#cite_note-MSS-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> The official state motto is "Salus Populi Suprema Lex Esto", <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> for "Let the welfare of the people be the supreme law."<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Missouri" title="Special:EditPage/Missouri">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2017) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Missouri" title="History of Missouri">History of Missouri</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="width: 210px; clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External videos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Westminster_College_gym_from_NE_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Westminster_College_gym_from_NE_1.jpg/210px-Westminster_College_gym_from_NE_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="117" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2282" data-file-height="1269"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 210px;height: 117px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Westminster_College_gym_from_NE_1.jpg/210px-Westminster_College_gym_from_NE_1.jpg" data-width="210" data-height="117" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Westminster_College_gym_from_NE_1.jpg/315px-Westminster_College_gym_from_NE_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Westminster_College_gym_from_NE_1.jpg/420px-Westminster_College_gym_from_NE_1.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><noscript><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 16px;height: 16px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" data-alt="video icon" data-width="16" data-height="16" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Hr9gyOVJYM&list=TL4qgywHm9Vt3C-vp93BZxQK7D55YBIGI_">Missouri</a>, Westminster College Gymnasium in Fulton, Missouri</td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3></div> <a href="/wiki/Archaeology" title="Archaeology">Archaeological</a> excavations along river valleys have shown continuous habitation since about 9000 BCE.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> Beginning before 1000 <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">CE</a>, the people of the <a href="/wiki/Mississippian_culture" title="Mississippian culture">Mississippian culture</a> created regional political centers at present-day <a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis</a> and across the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi River</a> at <a href="/wiki/Cahokia" title="Cahokia">Cahokia</a>, near present-day <a href="/wiki/Collinsville,_Illinois" title="Collinsville, Illinois">Collinsville, Illinois</a>. Their large cities included thousands of individual residences. Still, they are known for their surviving massive <a href="/wiki/Earthwork_(archaeology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Earthwork (archaeology)">earthwork mounds</a>, built for religious, political and social reasons, in <a href="/wiki/Platform_mound" title="Platform mound">platform</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ridge" title="Ridge">ridgetop</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cone_(geometry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cone (geometry)">conical</a> shapes. Cahokia was the center of a regional trading network that reached from the <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes" title="Great Lakes">Great Lakes</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Mexico" title="Gulf of Mexico">Gulf of Mexico</a>. The civilization declined by 1400 CE, and most descendants left the area long before the arrival of Europeans. St. Louis was at one time known as Mound City by the European Americans because of the numerous surviving prehistoric mounds since lost to urban development. The Mississippian culture left mounds throughout the middle Mississippi and Ohio river valleys, extending into the southeast and the upper river. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gateway_Arch_edit1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Gateway_Arch_edit1.jpg/170px-Gateway_Arch_edit1.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 227px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Gateway_Arch_edit1.jpg/170px-Gateway_Arch_edit1.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="227" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Gateway_Arch_edit1.jpg/255px-Gateway_Arch_edit1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Gateway_Arch_edit1.jpg/340px-Gateway_Arch_edit1.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Gateway_Arch" title="Gateway Arch">Gateway Arch</a> in St. Louis</figcaption></figure> The land that became the state of Missouri was part of numerous different territories, possessed changing and often indeterminate borders, and had many different <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a> and European names between the 1600s and statehood. For much of the first half of the 1700s, the west bank of the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi River</a> that would become Missouri was mostly uninhabited, something of a no man's land that kept peace between the <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a> on the east bank of the Mississippi River and to the North, and the Osage and Missouri Indians of the lower Missouri Valley. In the early 1700s, French traders and missionaries explored the whole of the Mississippi Valley, and named the region "Louisiana". Around the same time, a different group of French Canadians established five villages on the east bank of the Mississippi River and identified their settlements as being in le pays des Illinois, "the country of the Illinois". When settlers of <a href="/wiki/French_Canadians" title="French Canadians">French Canadian</a> descent began crossing the Mississippi River to establish settlements such as Ste. Genevieve, they continued to identify their settlements as being in the Illinois Country. At the same time, the French settlements on both sides of the Mississippi River were part of the French province of <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a>. To distinguish the settlements in the Middle Mississippi Valley from French settlements in the lower Mississippi Valley around New Orleans, French officials and inhabitants referred to the Middle Mississippi Valley as La Haute Louisiane, "The High Louisiana", or "Upper Louisiana". The first European settlers were mostly ethnic <a href="/wiki/French_Canadian" class="mw-redirect" title="French Canadian">French Canadians</a>, who created their first settlement in Missouri at present-day <a href="/wiki/Ste._Genevieve,_Missouri" title="Ste. Genevieve, Missouri">Ste. Genevieve</a>, about 45 miles (72 km) south of St. Louis. They had migrated in about 1750 from the <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a> Country. They came from colonial villages on the east side of the Mississippi River, where soils were becoming exhausted and there was insufficient river bottom land for the growing population. The early Missouri <a href="/wiki/Human_settlement" title="Human settlement">settlements</a> included many enslaved Africans and Native Americans, and slave labor was central to both commercial agriculture and the fur trade. Sainte-Geneviève became a thriving agricultural center, producing enough surplus wheat, <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">corn</a> and tobacco to ship tons of grain annually downriver to Lower Louisiana for trade. Grain production in the Illinois Country was critical to the survival of Lower Louisiana and especially the city of New Orleans. St. Louis was founded on February 14, 1764, by French fur traders <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Antoine_de_St._Maxent" title="Gilbert Antoine de St. Maxent">Gilbert Antoine de St. Maxent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Lacl%C3%A8de" title="Pierre Laclède">Pierre Laclède</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Auguste_Chouteau" title="Auguste Chouteau">Auguste Chouteau</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Cazorla_et_al-28">[28]</a> From 1764 to 1803, European control of the area west of the Mississippi to the northernmost part of the Missouri River basin, called Louisiana, was assumed by the Spanish as part of the Viceroyalty of <a href="/wiki/New_Spain" title="New Spain">New Spain</a>, due to <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Fontainebleau_(1762)" title="Treaty of Fontainebleau (1762)">Treaty of Fontainebleau</a><a href="#cite_note-foley_1989_26-29">[29]</a> (in order to have Spain join with France in the war against England). The arrival of the Spanish in St. Louis was in September 1767. St. Louis became the center of a regional <a href="/wiki/Fur_trade" title="Fur trade">fur trade</a> with Native American tribes that extended up the Missouri and Mississippi rivers, dominating the regional economy for decades. Trading partners of major firms shipped their furs from St. Louis by river down to New Orleans for export to Europe. They provided a variety of goods to traders for sale and trade with their Native American clients. The fur trade and associated businesses made St. Louis an early financial center and provided the wealth for some to build fine houses and import luxury items. Its location near the confluence of the Illinois River meant it also handled produce from the agricultural areas. River traffic and trade along the Mississippi were integral to the state's economy. As the area's first major city, St. Louis expanded greatly after the invention of the <a href="/wiki/Steamboat" title="Steamboat">steamboat</a> and the increased river trade. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19th_century">19th century</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Caleb_Bingham_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/George_Caleb_Bingham_001.jpg/220px-George_Caleb_Bingham_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3697" data-file-height="2938"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 175px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/George_Caleb_Bingham_001.jpg/220px-George_Caleb_Bingham_001.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="175" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/George_Caleb_Bingham_001.jpg/330px-George_Caleb_Bingham_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/George_Caleb_Bingham_001.jpg/440px-George_Caleb_Bingham_001.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fur_Traders_Descending_the_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="Fur Traders Descending the Missouri">Fur Traders Descending the Missouri</a> by Missouri painter <a href="/wiki/George_Caleb_Bingham" title="George Caleb Bingham">George Caleb Bingham</a></figcaption></figure> Napoleon Bonaparte had gained Louisiana for French ownership from Spain in 1800 under the <a href="/wiki/Third_Treaty_of_San_Ildefonso" title="Third Treaty of San Ildefonso">Treaty of San Ildefonso</a> after it had been a Spanish colony since 1762, but the treaty was kept secret. Louisiana remained nominally under Spanish control until a transfer of power to France on November 30, 1803, just three weeks before the cession to the United States. Part of the 1803 <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Purchase" title="Louisiana Purchase">Louisiana Purchase</a> by the United States, Missouri earned the nickname Gateway to the West because it served as a significant departure point for expeditions and settlers heading to the West during the 19th century. <a href="/wiki/St._Charles,_Missouri" title="St. Charles, Missouri">St. Charles</a>, just west of St. Louis, was the starting point and the return destination of the <a href="/wiki/Lewis_and_Clark_Expedition" title="Lewis and Clark Expedition">Lewis and Clark Expedition</a>, which ascended the Missouri River in 1804, to explore the western lands to the Pacific Ocean. For decades, <a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis</a> was a major supply point for parties of settlers heading west. As many of the early settlers in western Missouri migrated from the <a href="/wiki/Upper_South" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper South">Upper South</a>, they brought enslaved <a href="/wiki/African_American" class="mw-redirect" title="African American">African Americans</a> as agricultural laborers, and they desired to continue their culture and the institution of <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the United States">slavery</a>. They settled predominantly in 17 counties along the <a href="/wiki/Missouri_River" title="Missouri River">Missouri River</a>, in an area of flatlands that enabled <a href="/wiki/Plantations_in_the_American_South" class="mw-redirect" title="Plantations in the American South">plantation</a> agriculture and became known as "<a href="/wiki/Little_Dixie_(Missouri)" title="Little Dixie (Missouri)">Little Dixie</a>". The state was rocked by the <a href="/wiki/1811%E2%80%9312_New_Madrid_earthquakes" class="mw-redirect" title="1811–12 New Madrid earthquakes">1811–12 New Madrid earthquakes</a>. Casualties were few due to the sparse population. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Admission_as_a_state_in_1821">Admission as a state in 1821</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_slavery_in_Missouri" title="History of slavery in Missouri">History of slavery in Missouri</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:United_States_1821-08-1822.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/United_States_1821-08-1822.png/330px-United_States_1821-08-1822.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="223" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="677"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 330px;height: 223px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/United_States_1821-08-1822.png/330px-United_States_1821-08-1822.png" data-width="330" data-height="223" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/United_States_1821-08-1822.png/495px-United_States_1821-08-1822.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/United_States_1821-08-1822.png/660px-United_States_1821-08-1822.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The states and territories of the United States as a result of Missouri's admission as a state on August 10, 1821. The remainder of the former <a href="/wiki/Missouri_Territory" title="Missouri Territory">Missouri Territory</a> became unorganized territory.</figcaption></figure> In 1821, the former Missouri Territory was admitted as a <a href="/wiki/Slave_and_free_states" class="mw-redirect" title="Slave and free states">slave state</a>, under the <a href="/wiki/Missouri_Compromise" title="Missouri Compromise">Missouri Compromise</a>, and with a temporary state capital in St. Charles. In 1826, the <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">capital</a> was shifted to its permanent location of <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_City,_Missouri" title="Jefferson City, Missouri">Jefferson City</a>, also on the Missouri River. Originally the state's western border was a straight line, defined as the meridian passing through the Kawsmouth,<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> the point where the <a href="/wiki/Kansas_River" title="Kansas River">Kansas River</a> enters the Missouri River. The river has moved since this designation. This line is known as the Osage Boundary.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> In 1836 the <a href="/wiki/Platte_Purchase" title="Platte Purchase">Platte Purchase</a> was added to the northwest corner of the state after purchase of the land from the native tribes, making the Missouri River the border north of the Kansas River. This addition increased the land area of what was already the largest state in the Union at the time (about 66,500 square miles (172,000 km2) to Virginia's 65,000 square miles, which then included West Virginia).<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> In the early 1830s, <a href="/wiki/Mormon" class="mw-redirect" title="Mormon">Mormon</a> migrants from northern states and Canada began settling near <a href="/wiki/Independence,_Missouri" title="Independence, Missouri">Independence</a> and areas just north of there. Conflicts over religion and slavery arose between the 'old settlers' (mainly from the South) and the Mormons (mainly from the North). The <a href="/wiki/Mormon_War_(1838)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mormon War (1838)">Mormon War</a> erupted in 1838. By 1839, with the help of an "Extermination Order" by Governor <a href="/wiki/Lilburn_Boggs" title="Lilburn Boggs">Lilburn Boggs</a>, the old settlers forcibly expelled the Mormons from Missouri and confiscated their lands. Conflicts over slavery exacerbated border tensions among the states and territories. From 1838 to 1839, a border dispute with <a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a> over the so-called <a href="/wiki/Honey_Lands" class="mw-redirect" title="Honey Lands">Honey Lands</a> resulted in both states' calling-up of <a href="/wiki/Militia_(United_States)" title="Militia (United States)">militias</a> along the border. With increasing migration, from the 1830s to the 1860s, Missouri's population almost doubled with every decade. Most newcomers were American-born, but many Irish and German immigrants arrived in the late 1840s and 1850s. As a majority were <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a>, they set up their own religious institutions in the state, which had been mostly <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a>. Many settled in cities, creating a regional and then state network of Catholic churches and schools. 19th-century German immigrants created the wine industry along the Missouri River and the beer industry in St. Louis. While many German immigrants were strongly anti-slavery,<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-34">[34]</a> many Irish immigrants living in cities were pro-slavery, fearing that liberating African-American slaves would create a glut of unskilled labor, driving wages down.<a href="#cite_note-:1-34">[34]</a> Most Missouri farmers practiced <a href="/wiki/Subsistence_farming" class="mw-redirect" title="Subsistence farming">subsistence farming</a> before the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>. The majority of those who held slaves had fewer than five each. <a href="/wiki/Planter_(plantation_owner)" class="mw-redirect" title="Planter (plantation owner)">Planters</a>, defined by some historians as those holding 20 slaves or more, were concentrated in the counties known as "<a href="/wiki/Little_Dixie_(Missouri)" title="Little Dixie (Missouri)">Little Dixie</a>", in the central part of the state along the <a href="/wiki/Missouri_River" title="Missouri River">Missouri River</a>. The tensions over slavery chiefly had to do with the future of the state and nation. In 1860, enslaved <a href="/wiki/African_American" class="mw-redirect" title="African American">African Americans</a> made up less than 10% of the state's population of 1,182,012.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> In order to control the flooding of farmland and low-lying villages along the Mississippi, the state had completed construction of 140 miles (230 km) of <a href="/wiki/Levee" title="Levee">levees</a> along the river by 1860.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="American_Civil_War">American Civil War</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Ordinance_of_Secession" title="Ordinance of Secession">Ordinance of Secession</a>, <a href="/wiki/Missouri_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Missouri in the American Civil War">Missouri in the American Civil War</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Confederate_government_of_Missouri" title="Confederate government of Missouri">Confederate government of Missouri</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NPS_CW_at_a_Glance_Western_1864.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/NPS_CW_at_a_Glance_Western_1864.jpg/330px-NPS_CW_at_a_Glance_Western_1864.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="190" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="317"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 330px;height: 190px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/NPS_CW_at_a_Glance_Western_1864.jpg/330px-NPS_CW_at_a_Glance_Western_1864.jpg" data-width="330" data-height="190" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/NPS_CW_at_a_Glance_Western_1864.jpg/495px-NPS_CW_at_a_Glance_Western_1864.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/NPS_CW_at_a_Glance_Western_1864.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Price%27s_Raid" class="mw-redirect" title="Price's Raid">Price's Raid</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Trans-Mississippi_Theater_of_the_American_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Trans-Mississippi Theater of the American Civil War">Trans-Mississippi Theater</a>, 1864</figcaption></figure> After the secession of Southern states began in 1861, the Missouri legislature called for the election of a special convention on secession. This convention voted against secession, but also qualified their support of the Union. In the aftermath of <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Sumter" title="Battle of Fort Sumter">Battle of Fort Sumter</a> Pro-Southern Governor <a href="/wiki/Claiborne_F._Jackson" class="mw-redirect" title="Claiborne F. Jackson">Claiborne F. Jackson</a> ordered the mobilization of several hundred members of the state militia who had gathered in a camp in <a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis</a> for training. In secret, he also requested Confederate arms and artillery to help take the <a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Arsenal" title="St. Louis Arsenal">St. Louis Arsenal</a>. Alarmed at this action, and discovering the Confederate aid, General <a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Lyon" title="Nathaniel Lyon">Nathaniel Lyon</a> struck first, encircling the camp and forcing the state troops to surrender. Lyon directed his soldiers, largely non-English-speaking German <a href="/wiki/Immigrants" class="mw-redirect" title="Immigrants">immigrants</a>, to march the prisoners through the streets, and this led to riot by pro-secession citizens. While it is disputed how it started, this riot led to violence and Union soldiers killed by St. Louis civilians. The event as a whole, is called the <a href="/wiki/Camp_Jackson_Affair" class="mw-redirect" title="Camp Jackson Affair">Camp Jackson Affair</a>. These events sharpened the divisions within the state. Governor Jackson appointed <a href="/wiki/Sterling_Price" title="Sterling Price">Sterling Price</a>, president of the convention on secession, as head of the new <a href="/wiki/Missouri_State_Guard" title="Missouri State Guard">Missouri State Guard</a>. In the face of Union General Lyon's rapid advance through the state, Jackson and Price were forced to flee the capital of <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Jefferson City">Jefferson City</a> on June 14, 1861. In <a href="/wiki/Neosho,_Missouri" title="Neosho, Missouri">Neosho, Missouri</a>, Jackson called the state legislature into session to call for secession. However, the elected legislative body was split between pro-Union and pro-Confederate. As such, few of the pro-unionist attended the session called in Neosho, and the ordinance of secession was quickly adopted. The Confederacy recognized Missouri secession on October 30, 1861. With the elected governor absent from the capital and the legislators largely dispersed, the state convention was reassembled with most of its members present, save twenty who fled south with Jackson's forces. The convention declared all offices vacant and installed <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Gamble" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamilton Gamble">Hamilton Gamble</a> as the new governor of Missouri. President Lincoln's administration immediately recognized Gamble's government as the legal Missouri government. The federal government's decision enabled raising pro-Union militia forces for service within the state and volunteer regiments for the Union Army. Fighting ensued between Union forces and a combined army of General Price's Missouri State Guard and Confederate troops from <a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a> and Texas under General <a href="/wiki/Ben_McCulloch" class="mw-redirect" title="Ben McCulloch">Ben McCulloch</a>. After winning victories at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wilson%27s_Creek" title="Battle of Wilson's Creek">battle of Wilson's Creek</a> and the siege of <a href="/wiki/Lexington,_Missouri" title="Lexington, Missouri">Lexington, Missouri</a> and suffering losses elsewhere, the Confederate forces retreated to Arkansas and later <a href="/wiki/Marshall,_Texas" title="Marshall, Texas">Marshall, Texas</a>, in the face of a largely reinforced Union Army. Though regular Confederate troops staged some large-scale raids into Missouri, the fighting in the state for the next three years consisted chiefly of <a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_warfare" title="Guerrilla warfare">guerrilla warfare</a>. "Citizen soldiers" or insurgents such as Captain <a href="/wiki/William_Quantrill" title="William Quantrill">William Quantrill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frank_James" title="Frank James">Frank</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jesse_James" title="Jesse James">Jesse James</a>, the <a href="/wiki/James-Younger_gang" class="mw-redirect" title="James-Younger gang">Younger brothers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/William_T._Anderson" title="William T. Anderson">William T. Anderson</a> made use of quick, small-unit tactics. Pioneered by the Missouri Partisan Rangers, such insurgencies also arose in portions of the Confederacy occupied by the Union during the Civil War. Historians have portrayed stories of the James brothers' outlaw years as an American "Robin Hood" myth.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> The vigilante activities of the <a href="/wiki/Bald_Knobbers" title="Bald Knobbers">Bald Knobbers</a> of the Ozarks in the 1880s were an unofficial continuation of insurgent mentality long after the official end of the war, and they are a favorite theme in <a href="/wiki/Branson,_Missouri" title="Branson, Missouri">Branson's self-image</a>.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reconstruction_period_and_later_19th_century">Reconstruction period and later 19th century</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs expansion. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk%3AMissouri&preload=Template%3ASubmit+an+edit+request%2Fpreload&action=edit&section=new&editintro=Template%3AEdit+protected%2Feditintro&preloadtitle=Protected+edit+request+on+29+November+2024&preloadparams%5B%5D=edit+fully-protected&preloadparams%5B%5D=Missouri">making an edit request</a><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Missouri&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a> . (July 2024)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PASSENGERS_JAM_THE_INTERIOR_OF_THE_ST._LOUIS,_MISSOURI,_UNION_STATION_IN_A_COPYRIGHTED_PICTURE_TAKEN_BY_B.A._ATWATER..._-_NARA_-_556056.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/PASSENGERS_JAM_THE_INTERIOR_OF_THE_ST._LOUIS%2C_MISSOURI%2C_UNION_STATION_IN_A_COPYRIGHTED_PICTURE_TAKEN_BY_B.A._ATWATER..._-_NARA_-_556056.jpg/220px-PASSENGERS_JAM_THE_INTERIOR_OF_THE_ST._LOUIS%2C_MISSOURI%2C_UNION_STATION_IN_A_COPYRIGHTED_PICTURE_TAKEN_BY_B.A._ATWATER..._-_NARA_-_556056.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2039"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/PASSENGERS_JAM_THE_INTERIOR_OF_THE_ST._LOUIS%2C_MISSOURI%2C_UNION_STATION_IN_A_COPYRIGHTED_PICTURE_TAKEN_BY_B.A._ATWATER..._-_NARA_-_556056.jpg/220px-PASSENGERS_JAM_THE_INTERIOR_OF_THE_ST._LOUIS%2C_MISSOURI%2C_UNION_STATION_IN_A_COPYRIGHTED_PICTURE_TAKEN_BY_B.A._ATWATER..._-_NARA_-_556056.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/PASSENGERS_JAM_THE_INTERIOR_OF_THE_ST._LOUIS%2C_MISSOURI%2C_UNION_STATION_IN_A_COPYRIGHTED_PICTURE_TAKEN_BY_B.A._ATWATER..._-_NARA_-_556056.jpg/330px-PASSENGERS_JAM_THE_INTERIOR_OF_THE_ST._LOUIS%2C_MISSOURI%2C_UNION_STATION_IN_A_COPYRIGHTED_PICTURE_TAKEN_BY_B.A._ATWATER..._-_NARA_-_556056.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/PASSENGERS_JAM_THE_INTERIOR_OF_THE_ST._LOUIS%2C_MISSOURI%2C_UNION_STATION_IN_A_COPYRIGHTED_PICTURE_TAKEN_BY_B.A._ATWATER..._-_NARA_-_556056.jpg/440px-PASSENGERS_JAM_THE_INTERIOR_OF_THE_ST._LOUIS%2C_MISSOURI%2C_UNION_STATION_IN_A_COPYRIGHTED_PICTURE_TAKEN_BY_B.A._ATWATER..._-_NARA_-_556056.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Union_Station_(St._Louis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Station (St. Louis)">Union Station</a> in St. Louis was the world's largest and busiest train station when it opened in 1894.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Child_workers_in_Kirksville,_MO.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Child_workers_in_Kirksville%2C_MO.jpg/220px-Child_workers_in_Kirksville%2C_MO.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="565" data-file-height="398"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 155px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Child_workers_in_Kirksville%2C_MO.jpg/220px-Child_workers_in_Kirksville%2C_MO.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="155" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Child_workers_in_Kirksville%2C_MO.jpg/330px-Child_workers_in_Kirksville%2C_MO.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Child_workers_in_Kirksville%2C_MO.jpg/440px-Child_workers_in_Kirksville%2C_MO.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Child shoe workers in <a href="/wiki/Kirksville,_Missouri" title="Kirksville, Missouri">Kirksville, Missouri</a>, 1910</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Era" title="Progressive Era">Progressive Era</a> (1890s to 1920s) saw numerous prominent leaders from Missouri trying to end corruption and modernize politics, government, and society. <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Folk" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Folk">Joseph "Holy Joe" Folk</a> was a key leader who made a strong appeal to the middle class and rural evangelical Protestants. Folk was elected governor as a progressive reformer and <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="History of the Democratic Party (United States)">Democrat</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Missouri_gubernatorial_election,_1904" class="mw-redirect" title="Missouri gubernatorial election, 1904">1904 election</a>. He promoted what he called "the Missouri Idea", the concept of Missouri as a leader in public morality through popular control of law and strict enforcement. He successfully conducted antitrust prosecutions, ended free railroad passes for state officials, extended bribery statutes, improved election laws, required formal registration for lobbyists, made racetrack gambling illegal and enforced the Sunday-closing law. He helped enact Progressive legislation, including an initiative and referendum provision, regulation of elections, education, employment and child labor, railroads, food, business, and public utilities. Several efficiency-oriented examiner boards and commissions were established during Folk's administration, including many agricultural boards and the Missouri library commission.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:General_John_Joseph_Pershing_head_on_shoulders.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/General_John_Joseph_Pershing_head_on_shoulders.jpg/170px-General_John_Joseph_Pershing_head_on_shoulders.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="204" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3779" data-file-height="4526"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 204px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/General_John_Joseph_Pershing_head_on_shoulders.jpg/170px-General_John_Joseph_Pershing_head_on_shoulders.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="204" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/General_John_Joseph_Pershing_head_on_shoulders.jpg/255px-General_John_Joseph_Pershing_head_on_shoulders.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/General_John_Joseph_Pershing_head_on_shoulders.jpg/340px-General_John_Joseph_Pershing_head_on_shoulders.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>General John J. Pershing, commander of the <a href="/wiki/American_Expeditionary_Forces" title="American Expeditionary Forces">American Expeditionary Forces</a> in World War I, was raised in <a href="/wiki/Laclede,_Missouri" title="Laclede, Missouri">Laclede, Missouri</a>.</figcaption></figure> Between the Civil War and the end of World War II, Missouri transitioned from a rural economy to a hybrid industrial-service-agricultural economy as the Midwest rapidly industrialized. The expansion of railroads to the West transformed Kansas City into a major transportation hub within the nation. The growth of the Texas cattle industry along with this increased rail infrastructure and the invention of the <a href="/wiki/Refrigerated_boxcar" class="mw-redirect" title="Refrigerated boxcar">refrigerated boxcar</a> also made Kansas City a major <a href="/wiki/Meatpacking" class="mw-redirect" title="Meatpacking">meatpacking</a> center, as large <a href="/wiki/Cattle_drives" class="mw-redirect" title="Cattle drives">cattle drives</a> from Texas brought herds of cattle to <a href="/wiki/Dodge_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Dodge City">Dodge City</a> and other Kansas towns. There, the cattle were loaded onto trains destined for Kansas City, where they were butchered and distributed to the eastern markets. The first half of the 20th century was the height of Kansas City's prominence, and its downtown became a showcase for stylish <a href="/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Deco</a> <a href="/wiki/Skyscrapers" class="mw-redirect" title="Skyscrapers">skyscrapers</a> as construction boomed. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boy_resting_on_bed_in_attic_of_sharecropper_shack,_New_Madrid_County,_Missouri.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Boy_resting_on_bed_in_attic_of_sharecropper_shack%2C_New_Madrid_County%2C_Missouri.jpg/220px-Boy_resting_on_bed_in_attic_of_sharecropper_shack%2C_New_Madrid_County%2C_Missouri.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="617"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 179px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Boy_resting_on_bed_in_attic_of_sharecropper_shack%2C_New_Madrid_County%2C_Missouri.jpg/220px-Boy_resting_on_bed_in_attic_of_sharecropper_shack%2C_New_Madrid_County%2C_Missouri.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="179" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Boy_resting_on_bed_in_attic_of_sharecropper_shack%2C_New_Madrid_County%2C_Missouri.jpg/330px-Boy_resting_on_bed_in_attic_of_sharecropper_shack%2C_New_Madrid_County%2C_Missouri.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Boy_resting_on_bed_in_attic_of_sharecropper_shack%2C_New_Madrid_County%2C_Missouri.jpg/440px-Boy_resting_on_bed_in_attic_of_sharecropper_shack%2C_New_Madrid_County%2C_Missouri.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>African American boy in a <a href="/wiki/Sharecropping#United_States" title="Sharecropping">sharecropper</a> shack, <a href="/wiki/New_Madrid_County" class="mw-redirect" title="New Madrid County">New Madrid County</a>, 1938.</figcaption></figure> In 1930, there was a <a href="/wiki/Diphtheria" title="Diphtheria">diphtheria</a> epidemic in the area around Springfield, which killed approximately 100 people. Serum was rushed to the area, and medical personnel stopped the epidemic. During the mid-1950s and 1960s, St. Louis and Kansas City suffered deindustrialization and loss of jobs in railroads and manufacturing, as did other <a href="/wiki/Midwestern" class="mw-redirect" title="Midwestern">Midwestern</a> industrial cities. <a href="/wiki/St._Charles,_Missouri" title="St. Charles, Missouri">St. Charles</a> claims to be the site of the first <a href="/wiki/Interstate_Highway_System" title="Interstate Highway System">interstate</a> highway project in 1956.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> Such highway construction made it easy for middle-class residents to leave the city for newer housing developed in the suburbs, often former farmland where land was available at lower prices. These major cities have gone through decades of readjustment to develop different economies and adjust to demographic changes. Suburban areas have developed separate job markets, both in knowledge industries and services, such as major retail malls. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century">21st century</h3></div> In 2014, Missouri received national attention for the <a href="/wiki/Ferguson_unrest" title="Ferguson unrest">protests and riots</a> that followed the <a href="/wiki/Shooting_of_Michael_Brown" class="mw-redirect" title="Shooting of Michael Brown">shooting of Michael Brown</a> by a police officer of <a href="/wiki/Ferguson,_Missouri" title="Ferguson, Missouri">Ferguson</a>,<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> which led Governor <a href="/wiki/Jay_Nixon" title="Jay Nixon">Jay Nixon</a> to call out the <a href="/wiki/Missouri_National_Guard" title="Missouri National Guard">Missouri National Guard</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NYTaug19-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Grand_juries_in_the_United_States" title="Grand juries in the United States">grand jury</a> declined to <a href="/wiki/Indict" class="mw-redirect" title="Indict">indict</a> the officer, and the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Justice" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of Justice">U.S. Department of Justice</a> concluded, after careful investigation, that the police officer legitimately feared for his safety.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> However, in a separate investigation, the Department of Justice also found that the Ferguson Police Department and the City of Ferguson relied on unconstitutional practices in order to balance the city's budget through racially motivated excessive fines and punishments,<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> that the Ferguson police "had used excessive and dangerous force and had disproportionately targeted blacks,"<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> and that the municipal court "emphasized revenue over public safety, leading to routine breaches of citizens' constitutional guarantees of due process and equal protection under the law."<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> <a href="/wiki/2015%E2%80%9316_University_of_Missouri_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2015–16 University of Missouri protests">A series of student protests</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Missouri" title="University of Missouri">University of Missouri</a> against what the protesters viewed as poor response by the administration to racist incidents on campus began in September 2015.<a href="#cite_note-colu_Stud-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-them_Seco-51">[51]</a> On June 7, 2017, the <a href="/wiki/National_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Colored_People" class="mw-redirect" title="National Association for the Advancement of Colored People">National Association for the Advancement of Colored People</a> issued a warning to prospective African-American travelers to Missouri. This is the first NAACP warning ever covering an entire state.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> According to a 2018 report by the <a href="/wiki/Missouri_Attorney_General" title="Missouri Attorney General">Missouri Attorney General</a>'s office, for the past 18 years, "African Americans, Hispanics and other people of color are disproportionately affected by stops, searches and arrests."<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> The same report found that the biggest discrepancy was in 2017, when "black motorists were 85% more likely to be pulled over in traffic stops".<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> In 2018 the USDA announced its plans to relocate Economic Research Service (ERS) and National Institute of Food & Agriculture (NIFA) to Kansas City. They have since decided on a specific location in downtown Kansas City, Missouri.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> With the addition of the KC Streetcar project and construction of the Sprint Center Arena, the downtown area in KC has attracted investment in new offices, hotels, and residential complexes. Both Kansas City and St. Louis are undergoing a rebirth in their downtown areas with the addition of the new Power & Light (KC) and Ballpark Village (STL) districts and the renovation of existing historical buildings in each downtown area.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> The 2019 announcement of an MLS expansion team in St. Louis is driving even more development in the downtown west area of St. Louis.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> Kansas City has experienced a boom in population, with new developments such as Three Light apartments being centered in <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Kansas_City" title="Downtown Kansas City">Downtown Kansas City</a>,<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> as well as suburban development in the <a href="/wiki/Northland,_Kansas_City" title="Northland, Kansas City">Northland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2></div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Missouri" title="Geography of Missouri">Geography of Missouri</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:National-atlas-missouri.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/National-atlas-missouri.png/330px-National-atlas-missouri.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="250" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="771" data-file-height="584"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 330px;height: 250px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/National-atlas-missouri.png/330px-National-atlas-missouri.png" data-width="330" data-height="250" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/National-atlas-missouri.png/495px-National-atlas-missouri.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/National-atlas-missouri.png/660px-National-atlas-missouri.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> Missouri borders eight different states, a figure equaled only by its neighbor, Tennessee. Missouri is bounded by <a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a> on the north; by <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a> across the Mississippi River on the east; on the south by <a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a>; and by <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">Nebraska</a> (the last across the Missouri River) on the west. Whereas the northern and southern boundaries are straight lines, the <a href="/wiki/Missouri_Bootheel" title="Missouri Bootheel">Missouri Bootheel</a> extends south between the <a href="/wiki/St._Francis_River" title="St. Francis River">St. Francis</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi</a> rivers. The two largest rivers are the Mississippi (which defines the eastern boundary of the state) and the Missouri River (which flows from west to east through the state), essentially connecting the two largest metros of Kansas City and St. Louis. Although today it is usually considered part of the <a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwest</a>,<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> Missouri was historically seen by many as a <a href="/wiki/Border_states_(American_Civil_War)" title="Border states (American Civil War)">border state</a>, chiefly because of the settlement of migrants from the South and its status as a slave state before the Civil War, balanced by the influence of St. Louis. The counties that made up "<a href="/wiki/Little_Dixie_(Missouri)" title="Little Dixie (Missouri)">Little Dixie</a>" were those along the Missouri River in the center of the state, settled by Southern migrants who held the greatest concentration of slaves. In 2005, Missouri received 16,695,000 visitors to its national parks and other recreational areas totaling 101,000 acres (410 km2), giving it $7.41 million in annual revenues, 26.6% of its operating expenditures.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-63">[63]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Topography">Topography</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_mo_physiographic_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/US_mo_physiographic_map.jpg/220px-US_mo_physiographic_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="190" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="310" data-file-height="268"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 190px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/US_mo_physiographic_map.jpg/220px-US_mo_physiographic_map.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="190" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/US_mo_physiographic_map.jpg 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>A physiographic map of Missouri</figcaption></figure> North of, and in some cases just south of, the Missouri River lie the Northern Plains that stretch into Iowa, Nebraska, and Kansas. Here, rolling hills remain from the <a href="/wiki/Glaciation" class="mw-redirect" title="Glaciation">glaciation</a> that once extended from the Canadian Shield to the Missouri River. Missouri has many large river bluffs along the Mississippi, Missouri, and <a href="/wiki/Meramec_River" title="Meramec River">Meramec Rivers</a>. Southern Missouri rises to the <a href="/wiki/Ozark_Mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="Ozark Mountains">Ozark Mountains</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Dissected_plateau" title="Dissected plateau">dissected plateau</a> surrounding the <a href="/wiki/Precambrian" title="Precambrian">Precambrian</a> <a href="/wiki/Igneous" class="mw-redirect" title="Igneous">igneous</a> <a href="/wiki/St._Francois_Mountains" title="St. Francois Mountains">St. Francois Mountains</a>. This region also hosts <a href="/wiki/Karst_topography" class="mw-redirect" title="Karst topography">karst topography</a> characterized by high limestone content with the formation of sinkholes and caves.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bell_Mountain.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Bell_Mountain.jpg/350px-Bell_Mountain.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="97" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="6622" data-file-height="1837"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 350px;height: 97px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Bell_Mountain.jpg/350px-Bell_Mountain.jpg" data-width="350" data-height="97" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Bell_Mountain.jpg/525px-Bell_Mountain.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Bell_Mountain.jpg/700px-Bell_Mountain.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Bell_Mountain_Wilderness" title="Bell Mountain Wilderness">Bell Mountain Wilderness</a> of southern Missouri's <a href="/wiki/Mark_Twain_National_Forest" title="Mark Twain National Forest">Mark Twain National Forest</a></figcaption></figure> The southeastern part of the state is known as the <a href="/wiki/Missouri_Bootheel" title="Missouri Bootheel">Missouri Bootheel</a> region, which is part of the Mississippi Alluvial Plain or <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_embayment" title="Mississippi embayment">Mississippi embayment</a>. This region is the lowest, flattest, warmest, and wettest part of the state. It is also among the poorest, as the economy there is mostly agricultural.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> It is also the most fertile, with cotton and rice crops predominant. The Bootheel was the epicenter of the four <a href="/wiki/1811%E2%80%9312_New_Madrid_earthquakes" class="mw-redirect" title="1811–12 New Madrid earthquakes">New Madrid Earthquakes of 1811 and 1812</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Missouri" title="Climate of Missouri">Climate of Missouri</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Missouri_K%C3%B6ppen.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Missouri_K%C3%B6ppen.svg/220px-Missouri_K%C3%B6ppen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="272" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="1224"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 272px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Missouri_K%C3%B6ppen.svg/220px-Missouri_K%C3%B6ppen.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="272" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Missouri_K%C3%B6ppen.svg/330px-Missouri_K%C3%B6ppen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Missouri_K%C3%B6ppen.svg/440px-Missouri_K%C3%B6ppen.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Köppen climate types of Missouri</figcaption></figure> Missouri generally has a <a href="/wiki/Humid_continental_climate" title="Humid continental climate">humid continental climate</a> with cool, sometimes cold, winters and hot, humid, and wet summers. In the southern part of the state, particularly in the <a href="/wiki/Missouri_Bootheel" title="Missouri Bootheel">Bootheel</a>, the climate becomes <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate" title="Humid subtropical climate">humid subtropical</a>. Located in the interior United States, Missouri often experiences extreme temperatures. Without high mountains or oceans nearby to moderate temperature, its climate is alternately influenced by air from the cold Arctic and the hot and humid Gulf of Mexico. Missouri's highest recorded temperature is 118 °F (48 °C) at <a href="/wiki/Warsaw,_Missouri" title="Warsaw, Missouri">Warsaw</a> and <a href="/wiki/Union,_Missouri" title="Union, Missouri">Union</a> on July 14, 1954, while the lowest recorded temperature is −40 °F (−40 °C) also at Warsaw on February 13, 1905. Located in <a href="/wiki/Tornado_Alley" title="Tornado Alley">Tornado Alley</a>, Missouri also receives extreme weather in the form of severe thunderstorms and tornadoes. On May 22, 2011, a <a href="/wiki/2011_Joplin_tornado" title="2011 Joplin tornado">massive EF-5 tornado</a> killed 158 people and destroyed roughly one-third of the city of <a href="/wiki/Joplin,_Missouri" title="Joplin, Missouri">Joplin</a>. The tornado caused an estimated $1–3 billion in damages, killed 159 people and injured more than a thousand. It was the first EF5 to hit the state since 1957 and the deadliest in the U.S. since 1947, making it the seventh deadliest tornado in American history and 27th deadliest in the world. <a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis</a> and its suburbs also have a history of experiencing particularly severe tornadoes, the most recent one of note being an EF4 that damaged <a href="/wiki/Lambert-St._Louis_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Lambert-St. Louis International Airport">Lambert-St. Louis International Airport</a> on April 22, 2011. <a href="/wiki/1896_St._Louis%E2%80%93East_St._Louis_tornado" title="1896 St. Louis–East St. Louis tornado">One of the worst tornadoes in American history</a> struck St. Louis on May 27, 1896, killing at least 255 people and causing $10 million in damage (equivalent to $3.9 billion in 2009 or $5.54 billion in today's dollars). <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="16" style="text-align:center;font-size:120%;background:#E8EAFA;">Monthly normal high and low temperatures for various Missouri cities in °F (°C). </td></tr> <tr> <th>City</th> <th>Avg.</th> <th>Jan</th> <th>Feb</th> <th>Mar</th> <th>Apr</th> <th>May</th> <th>Jun</th> <th>Jul</th> <th>Aug</th> <th>Sep</th> <th>Oct</th> <th>Nov</th> <th>Dec</th> <th>Year</th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Columbia,_Missouri" title="Columbia, Missouri">Columbia</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">High </td> <td style="background:#F4F4FF; font-size:100%;">37 (3) </td> <td style="background:#FFE9E1; font-size:100%;">44 (7) </td> <td style="background:#FFAC8C; font-size:100%;">55 (13) </td> <td style="background:#FF6F38; font-size:100%;">66 (19) </td> <td style="background:#FF3D00; font-size:100%;">75 (24) </td> <td style="background:#CD0B00;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:100%;">84 (29) </td> <td style="background:#AA0000;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:100%;">89 (32) </td> <td style="background:#B80000;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:100%;">87 (31) </td> <td style="background:#F02600;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:100%;">79 (26) </td> <td style="background:#FF6429; font-size:100%;">68 (20) </td> <td style="background:#FFB79C; font-size:100%;">53 (12) </td> <td style="background:#FFF4F0; font-size:100%;">42 (6) </td> <td style="background:#FF7440; font-size:100%;">65.0 (18.3) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Columbia </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Low </td> <td style="background:#B5B5FF; font-size:100%;">18 (−8) </td> <td style="background:#C6C6FF; font-size:100%;">23 (−5) </td> <td style="background:#E7E7FF; font-size:100%;">33 (1) </td> <td style="background:#FFEEE8; font-size:100%;">43 (6) </td> <td style="background:#FFB79C; font-size:100%;">53 (12) </td> <td style="background:#FF8557; font-size:100%;">62 (17) </td> <td style="background:#FF6F38; font-size:100%;">66 (19) </td> <td style="background:#FF7A47; font-size:100%;">64 (18) </td> <td style="background:#FFAC8C; font-size:100%;">55 (13) </td> <td style="background:#FFE9E1; font-size:100%;">44 (7) </td> <td style="background:#E7E7FF; font-size:100%;">33 (1) </td> <td style="background:#C2C2FF; font-size:100%;">22 (−6) </td> <td style="background:#FFEEE8; font-size:100%;">43.0 (6.1) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri" title="Kansas City, Missouri">Kansas City</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">High </td> <td style="background:#F1F1FF; font-size:100%;">36 (2) </td> <td style="background:#FFEEE8; font-size:100%;">43 (6) </td> <td style="background:#FFB194; font-size:100%;">54 (12) </td> <td style="background:#FF7440; font-size:100%;">65 (18) </td> <td style="background:#FF3D00; font-size:100%;">75 (24) </td> <td style="background:#CD0B00;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:100%;">84 (29) </td> <td style="background:#AA0000;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:100%;">89 (32) </td> <td style="background:#B80000;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:100%;">87 (31) </td> <td style="background:#F02600;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:100%;">79 (26) </td> <td style="background:#FF6429; font-size:100%;">68 (20) </td> <td style="background:#FFBCA3; font-size:100%;">52 (11) </td> <td style="background:#FEFEFF; font-size:100%;">40 (4) </td> <td style="background:#FF7744; font-size:100%;">64.4 (18.0) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Kansas City </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Low </td> <td style="background:#B5B5FF; font-size:100%;">18 (−8) </td> <td style="background:#C6C6FF; font-size:100%;">23 (−5) </td> <td style="background:#E7E7FF; font-size:100%;">33 (1) </td> <td style="background:#FFE9E1; font-size:100%;">44 (7) </td> <td style="background:#FFB194; font-size:100%;">54 (12) </td> <td style="background:#FF7F4F; font-size:100%;">63 (17) </td> <td style="background:#FF6429; font-size:100%;">68 (20) </td> <td style="background:#FF6F38; font-size:100%;">66 (19) </td> <td style="background:#FFA17D; font-size:100%;">57 (14) </td> <td style="background:#FFDED1; font-size:100%;">46 (8) </td> <td style="background:#E7E7FF; font-size:100%;">33 (1) </td> <td style="background:#C2C2FF; font-size:100%;">22 (−6) </td> <td style="background:#FFE9E1; font-size:100%;">44.0 (6.7) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Missouri" title="Springfield, Missouri">Springfield</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">High </td> <td style="background:#FFF4F0; font-size:100%;">42 (6) </td> <td style="background:#FFD3C2; font-size:100%;">48 (9) </td> <td style="background:#FF9B75; font-size:100%;">58 (14) </td> <td style="background:#FF6429; font-size:100%;">68 (20) </td> <td style="background:#FF3700; font-size:100%;">76 (24) </td> <td style="background:#C60500;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:100%;">85 (29) </td> <td style="background:#A20000;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:100%;">90 (32) </td> <td style="background:#A20000;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:100%;">90 (32) </td> <td style="background:#E21B00;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:100%;">81 (27) </td> <td style="background:#FF5312; font-size:100%;">71 (22) </td> <td style="background:#FFA685; font-size:100%;">56 (13) </td> <td style="background:#FFDED1; font-size:100%;">46 (8) </td> <td style="background:#FF662C; font-size:100%;">67.6 (19.8) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Springfield </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Low </td> <td style="background:#C2C2FF; font-size:100%;">22 (−6) </td> <td style="background:#D0D0FF; font-size:100%;">26 (−3) </td> <td style="background:#EEEEFF; font-size:100%;">35 (2) </td> <td style="background:#FFE9E1; font-size:100%;">44 (7) </td> <td style="background:#FFB79C; font-size:100%;">53 (12) </td> <td style="background:#FF8557; font-size:100%;">62 (17) </td> <td style="background:#FF6931; font-size:100%;">67 (19) </td> <td style="background:#FF6F38; font-size:100%;">66 (19) </td> <td style="background:#FFA17D; font-size:100%;">57 (14) </td> <td style="background:#FFDED1; font-size:100%;">46 (8) </td> <td style="background:#EEEEFF; font-size:100%;">35 (2) </td> <td style="background:#D0D0FF; font-size:100%;">26 (−3) </td> <td style="background:#FFE3D9; font-size:100%;">45.0 (7.2) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">High </td> <td style="background:#FEFEFF; font-size:100%;">40 (4) </td> <td style="background:#FFE3D9; font-size:100%;">45 (7) </td> <td style="background:#FFA685; font-size:100%;">56 (13) </td> <td style="background:#FF6931; font-size:100%;">67 (19) </td> <td style="background:#FF3700; font-size:100%;">76 (24) </td> <td style="background:#C60500;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:100%;">85 (29) </td> <td style="background:#AA0000;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:100%;">89 (32) </td> <td style="background:#B10000;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:100%;">88 (31) </td> <td style="background:#E92100;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:100%;">80 (27) </td> <td style="background:#FF5E21; font-size:100%;">69 (21) </td> <td style="background:#FFA685; font-size:100%;">56 (13) </td> <td style="background:#FFEEE8; font-size:100%;">43 (6) </td> <td style="background:#FF6D37; font-size:100%;">66.2 (19.0) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">St. Louis </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Low </td> <td style="background:#C9C9FF; font-size:100%;">24 (−4) </td> <td style="background:#D6D6FF; font-size:100%;">28 (−2) </td> <td style="background:#F4F4FF; font-size:100%;">37 (3) </td> <td style="background:#FFD8CA; font-size:100%;">47 (8) </td> <td style="background:#FFA17D; font-size:100%;">57 (14) </td> <td style="background:#FF6931; font-size:100%;">67 (19) </td> <td style="background:#FF5312; font-size:100%;">71 (22) </td> <td style="background:#FF5E21; font-size:100%;">69 (21) </td> <td style="background:#FF8A5E; font-size:100%;">61 (16) </td> <td style="background:#FFCDBA; font-size:100%;">49 (9) </td> <td style="background:#F8F8FF; font-size:100%;">38 (3) </td> <td style="background:#D3D3FF; font-size:100%;">27 (−3) </td> <td style="background:#FFD3C2; font-size:100%;">48.0 (8.9) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="16" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;background:#E8EAFA;">Source:<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lake_of_the_Ozarks_-_Missouri_(40533516433).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Lake_of_the_Ozarks_-_Missouri_%2840533516433%29.jpg/220px-Lake_of_the_Ozarks_-_Missouri_%2840533516433%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4874" data-file-height="3117"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 141px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Lake_of_the_Ozarks_-_Missouri_%2840533516433%29.jpg/220px-Lake_of_the_Ozarks_-_Missouri_%2840533516433%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="141" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Lake_of_the_Ozarks_-_Missouri_%2840533516433%29.jpg/330px-Lake_of_the_Ozarks_-_Missouri_%2840533516433%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Lake_of_the_Ozarks_-_Missouri_%2840533516433%29.jpg/440px-Lake_of_the_Ozarks_-_Missouri_%2840533516433%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Lake_of_the_Ozarks" title="Lake of the Ozarks">Lake of the Ozarks</a> is one of several man-made lakes in Missouri, created by the damming of several rivers and tributaries. The lake has a surface area of 54,000 acres and 1,150 miles of shoreline and has become a popular tourist destination.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wildlife">Wildlife</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Missouri" title="Wildlife of Missouri">Wildlife of Missouri</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lower_Missouri_River.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Lower_Missouri_River.jpg/220px-Lower_Missouri_River.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2576" data-file-height="1932"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Lower_Missouri_River.jpg/220px-Lower_Missouri_River.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Lower_Missouri_River.jpg/330px-Lower_Missouri_River.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Lower_Missouri_River.jpg/440px-Lower_Missouri_River.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Missouri River near <a href="/wiki/Rocheport,_Missouri" title="Rocheport, Missouri">Rocheport, Missouri</a></figcaption></figure> Missouri is home to diverse <a href="/wiki/Flora" title="Flora">flora</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fauna" title="Fauna">fauna</a>, including several <a href="/wiki/Endemism" title="Endemism">endemic</a> species.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> There is a large amount of <a href="/wiki/Fresh_water" title="Fresh water">fresh water</a> present due to the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Missouri_River" title="Missouri River">Missouri River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Table_Rock_Lake" title="Table Rock Lake">Table Rock Lake</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lake_of_the_Ozarks" title="Lake of the Ozarks">Lake of the Ozarks</a>, with numerous smaller tributary rivers, streams, and lakes. North of the Missouri River, the state is primarily rolling hills of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Plains" title="Great Plains">Great Plains</a>, whereas south of the Missouri River, the state is dominated by the Oak-Hickory <a href="/wiki/Central_U.S._hardwood_forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Central U.S. hardwood forest">Central U.S. hardwood forest</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Forests">Forests</h3></div> Recreational and commercial uses of public forests, including grazing, logging, and mining, increased after World War II. Fishermen, hikers, campers, and others started lobbying to protect forest areas with a "wilderness character". During the 1930s and 1940s, <a href="/wiki/Aldo_Leopold" title="Aldo Leopold">Aldo Leopold</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Carhart" title="Arthur Carhart">Arthur Carhart</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bob_Marshall_(wilderness_activist)" title="Bob Marshall (wilderness activist)">Bob Marshall</a> developed a "wilderness" policy for the Forest Service. Their efforts bore fruit with the <a href="/wiki/Wilderness_Act_of_1964" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilderness Act of 1964">Wilderness Act of 1964</a>, which designated wilderness areas "where the earth and its community of life are untrammeled by men, where man himself is a visitor and does not remain." This included <a href="/wiki/Secondary_forest" title="Secondary forest">second growth</a> public forests like the <a href="/wiki/Mark_Twain_National_Forest" title="Mark Twain National Forest">Mark Twain National Forest</a>.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2></div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Missouri_population_map_(2000).png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Missouri_population_map_%282000%29.png/350px-Missouri_population_map_%282000%29.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="260" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="490"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 350px;height: 260px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Missouri_population_map_%282000%29.png/350px-Missouri_population_map_%282000%29.png" data-width="350" data-height="260" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Missouri_population_map_%282000%29.png/525px-Missouri_population_map_%282000%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/Missouri_population_map_%282000%29.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Missouri population density map</figcaption></figure><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Missouri" title="African Americans in Missouri">African Americans in Missouri</a></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224496135">.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop{border-spacing:1px;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:0.3em;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop caption{background-color:lavender;color:black;padding-right:0.2em;padding-left:0.2em;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-bottom:none}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop th[scope=col]{border-bottom:1px solid black}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(2){text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td.us-census-pop-estimate{padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(3){padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(4){padding-left:0.5em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-footnote{border-top:1px solid black;font-size:85%;text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-right{float:right;clear:right;margin:0 0 1em 1em}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-none{float:none;margin:0 1em 1em 0}}</style> <table class="us-census-pop us-census-pop-right"> <caption>Historical population</caption> <tbody><tr><th scope="col">Census</th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr></th><th scope="col"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1152813436">.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap}</style>Note</th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Percent change">%±</abbr></th></tr> <tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1810_United_States_census" title="1810 United States census">1810</a></th><td>19,783</td><td></td><td>—</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1820_United_States_census" title="1820 United States census">1820</a></th><td>66,586</td><td></td><td>236.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1830_United_States_census" title="1830 United States census">1830</a></th><td>140,455</td><td></td><td>110.9%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1840_United_States_census" title="1840 United States census">1840</a></th><td>383,702</td><td></td><td>173.2%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1850_United_States_census" title="1850 United States census">1850</a></th><td>682,044</td><td></td><td>77.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1860_United_States_census" title="1860 United States census">1860</a></th><td>1,182,012</td><td></td><td>73.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1870_United_States_census" title="1870 United States census">1870</a></th><td>1,721,295</td><td></td><td>45.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1880_United_States_census" title="1880 United States census">1880</a></th><td>2,168,380</td><td></td><td>26.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1890_United_States_census" title="1890 United States census">1890</a></th><td>2,679,185</td><td></td><td>23.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1900_United_States_census" title="1900 United States census">1900</a></th><td>3,106,665</td><td></td><td>16.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1910_United_States_census" title="1910 United States census">1910</a></th><td>3,293,335</td><td></td><td>6.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_census" title="1920 United States census">1920</a></th><td>3,404,055</td><td></td><td>3.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1930_United_States_census" title="1930 United States census">1930</a></th><td>3,629,367</td><td></td><td>6.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_census" title="1940 United States census">1940</a></th><td>3,784,664</td><td></td><td>4.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1950_United_States_census" title="1950 United States census">1950</a></th><td>3,954,653</td><td></td><td>4.5%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_census" title="1960 United States census">1960</a></th><td>4,319,813</td><td></td><td>9.2%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_census" title="1970 United States census">1970</a></th><td>4,676,501</td><td></td><td>8.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_census" title="1980 United States census">1980</a></th><td>4,916,686</td><td></td><td>5.1%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1990_United_States_census" title="1990 United States census">1990</a></th><td>5,117,073</td><td></td><td>4.1%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_census" title="2000 United States census">2000</a></th><td>5,595,211</td><td></td><td>9.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010</a></th><td>5,988,927</td><td></td><td>7.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020</a></th><td>6,154,913</td><td></td><td>2.8%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" class="us-census-pop-footnote" style="text-align: center">Source: 1910–2020<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a></td></tr> </tbody></table> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a> estimates that the population of Missouri was 6,137,428 on July 1, 2019, a 2.48% increase since the <a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 United States Census">2010 United States census</a>.<a href="#cite_note-PopEstUS-70">[70]</a> Missouri had a population of 5,988,927, according to the 2010 census; an increase of 137,525 (2.3 percent) since the year 2010. From 2010 to 2018, this includes a natural increase of 137,564 people since the last census (480,763 births less 343,199 deaths) and an increase of 88,088 people due to net <a href="/wiki/Human_migration" title="Human migration">migration</a> into the state. <a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Immigration to the United States">Immigration</a> from outside the United States resulted in a net increase of 50,450 people, and migration within the country produced a net increase of 37,638 people. More than half of Missourians (3,294,936 people, or 55.0%) live within the state's two largest metropolitan areas—<a href="/wiki/Missouri_census_statistical_areas" class="mw-redirect" title="Missouri census statistical areas">St. Louis and Kansas City</a>. The state's population density of 86.9 people per square mile in 2009, was also <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_population_density" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U.S. states by population density">closer to the national average (86.8 in 2009) than any other state</a>. The top countries of origin for Missouri's immigrants in 2018 were <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a>.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development" title="United States Department of Housing and Urban Development">HUD</a>'s 2022 <a href="/wiki/Annual_Homeless_Assessment_Report_to_Congress" title="Annual Homeless Assessment Report to Congress">Annual Homeless Assessment Report</a>, there were an estimated 5,992 <a href="/wiki/Homelessness" title="Homelessness">homeless</a> people in Missouri.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> <table class="wikitable sortable collapsible"> <caption>Missouri racial breakdown of population </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Racial composition</th> <th>1990<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a></th> <th>2000<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a></th> <th>2010<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a></th> <th>2020<a href="#cite_note-2020DP1-77">[77]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/White_American" class="mw-redirect" title="White American">White</a></td> <td>87.7%</td> <td>84.9%</td> <td>82.8%</td> <td>77.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/African_American" class="mw-redirect" title="African American">Black</a></td> <td>10.7%</td> <td>11.3%</td> <td>11.6%</td> <td>11.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian American">Asian</a></td> <td>0.8%</td> <td>1.1%</td> <td>1.6%</td> <td>2.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native</a></td> <td>0.4%</td> <td>0.4%</td> <td>0.5%</td> <td>0.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Native_Hawaiian" class="mw-redirect" title="Native Hawaiian">Native Hawaiian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander" title="Pacific Islander">other Pacific Islander</a></td> <td>–</td> <td>0.1%</td> <td>0.1%</td> <td>0.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States Census">Other race</a></td> <td>0.4%</td> <td>0.8%</td> <td>1.3%</td> <td>2.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Multiracial_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Multiracial American">Two or more races</a></td> <td>–</td> <td>1.5%</td> <td>2.1%</td> <td>6.7% </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US-Population-Center-Illinois-and-Missouri.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/US-Population-Center-Illinois-and-Missouri.png/220px-US-Population-Center-Illinois-and-Missouri.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="230" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="639" data-file-height="669"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 230px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/US-Population-Center-Illinois-and-Missouri.png/220px-US-Population-Center-Illinois-and-Missouri.png" data-width="220" data-height="230" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/US-Population-Center-Illinois-and-Missouri.png/330px-US-Population-Center-Illinois-and-Missouri.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/US-Population-Center-Illinois-and-Missouri.png/440px-US-Population-Center-Illinois-and-Missouri.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The population center for the United States has been in Missouri since 1980. As of 2020, it is near <a href="/wiki/Interstate_44_in_Missouri" title="Interstate 44 in Missouri">Interstate 44 in Missouri</a> as it approaches <a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Missouri" title="Springfield, Missouri">Springfield</a>.</figcaption></figure> The U.S. census of 2010 found that the <a href="/wiki/Mean_center_of_United_States_population" class="mw-redirect" title="Mean center of United States population">population center</a> of the United States is in <a href="/wiki/Texas_County,_Missouri" title="Texas County, Missouri">Texas County</a>, while the 2000 census found the mean population center to be in <a href="/wiki/Phelps_County,_Missouri" title="Phelps County, Missouri">Phelps County</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Center_of_population" title="Center of population">center of population</a> of Missouri is in <a href="/wiki/Osage_County,_Missouri" title="Osage County, Missouri">Osage County</a>, in the city of <a href="/wiki/Westphalia,_Missouri" title="Westphalia, Missouri">Westphalia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> In 2004, the population included 194,000 foreign-born people (3.4 percent of the state population). The five largest ancestry groups in Missouri are: <a href="/wiki/German_American" class="mw-redirect" title="German American">German</a> (27.4 percent), <a href="/wiki/Irish_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish American">Irish</a> (14.8 percent), <a href="/wiki/English_American" class="mw-redirect" title="English American">English</a> (10.2 percent), <a href="/wiki/American_ancestry" title="American ancestry">American</a> (8.5 percent) and <a href="/wiki/French_American" class="mw-redirect" title="French American">French</a> (3.7 percent). <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ethnic_Origins_in_Missouri.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Ethnic_Origins_in_Missouri.png/220px-Ethnic_Origins_in_Missouri.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="248" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4438" data-file-height="5000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 248px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Ethnic_Origins_in_Missouri.png/220px-Ethnic_Origins_in_Missouri.png" data-width="220" data-height="248" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Ethnic_Origins_in_Missouri.png/330px-Ethnic_Origins_in_Missouri.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Ethnic_Origins_in_Missouri.png/440px-Ethnic_Origins_in_Missouri.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Ethnic origins in Missouri</figcaption></figure> German Americans are an ancestry group present throughout Missouri. African Americans are a substantial part of the population in St. Louis (56.6% of African Americans in the state lived in <a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis</a> or <a href="/wiki/St._Louis_County,_Missouri" title="St. Louis County, Missouri">St. Louis County</a> as of the 2010 census), Kansas City, Boone County and in the southeastern Bootheel and some parts of the Missouri River Valley, where plantation agriculture was once important. Missouri <a href="/wiki/Creole_peoples" title="Creole peoples">Creoles</a> of French ancestry are concentrated in the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Mississippi River Valley">Mississippi River Valley</a> south of St. Louis (see <a href="/wiki/Missouri_French" title="Missouri French">Missouri French</a>). Kansas City is home to large and growing immigrant communities from Latin America esp. <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> and <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a>, Africa (i.e. <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a>, Somalia and <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>), and Southeast Asia including China and the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>; and Europe like the former <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Bosnian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosnian American">Bosnian American</a>). A notable <a href="/wiki/Cherokee" title="Cherokee">Cherokee</a> Indian population exists in Missouri, and 30,518 identified as being Native American alone in 2020, while 152,917 did in combination with one or more other races.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> In 2004, 6.6 percent of the state's population was reported as younger than 5, 25.5 percent younger than 18, and 13.5 percent 65 or older. Females were approximately 51.4 percent of the population. 81.3 percent of Missouri residents were high school graduates (more than the national average), and 21.6 percent had a bachelor's degree or higher. 3.4 percent of Missourians were foreign-born, and 5.1 percent reported speaking a language other than English at home. In 2010, there were 2,349,955 households in Missouri, with 2.45 people per household. The homeownership rate was 70.0 percent, and the median value of an owner-occupied housing unit was $137,700. The median household income for 2010 was $46,262, or $24,724 per capita. There was 14.0 percent (1,018,118) of Missourians living below the poverty line in 2010. The mean commute time to work was 23.8 minutes. <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Missouri_counties_by_race.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Missouri_counties_by_race.svg/172px-Missouri_counties_by_race.svg.png" decoding="async" width="172" height="152" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="285" data-file-height="252"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 172px;height: 152px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Missouri_counties_by_race.svg/172px-Missouri_counties_by_race.svg.png" data-width="172" data-height="152" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Missouri_counties_by_race.svg/258px-Missouri_counties_by_race.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Missouri_counties_by_race.svg/344px-Missouri_counties_by_race.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Map of counties in Missouri by racial plurality, per the 2020 U.S. census<div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Legend</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> Non-Hispanic White <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"> 50–60%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> 60–70%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> 70–80%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> 80–90%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> 90%+</div> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> Black or African American <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> 40–50%</div> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </li></ul> </div></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Birth_data">Birth data</h3></div> In 2011, 28.1% of Missouri's population younger than age 1 were minorities.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> Note: Births in table do not add up, because Hispanics are counted both by their ethnicity and by their race, giving a higher overall number. <table class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;"> <caption>Live Births by Single Race/Ethnicity of Mother </caption> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States Census">Race</a> </th> <th>2013<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> </th> <th>2014<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> </th> <th>2015<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> </th> <th>2016<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> </th> <th>2017<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> </th> <th>2018<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> </th> <th>2019<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> </th> <th>2020<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> </th> <th>2021<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> </th> <th>2022<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/White_Americans" title="White Americans">White</a>: </td> <td>61,097 (81.1%) </td> <td>60,968 (80.9%) </td> <td>60,913 (81.1%) </td> <td>... </td> <td>... </td> <td>... </td> <td>... </td> <td>... </td> <td>... </td> <td>... </td></tr> <tr> <td>> <a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_whites" title="Non-Hispanic whites">Non-Hispanic White</a> </td> <td>57,361 (76.2%) </td> <td>57,150 (75.8%) </td> <td>57,092 (76.1%) </td> <td>55,455 (74.2%) </td> <td>53,800 (73.7%) </td> <td>53,697 (73.3%) </td> <td>52,523 (72.8%) </td> <td>50,190 (72.4%) </td> <td>50,705 (73.0%) </td> <td>49,846 (72.3%) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">Black</a> </td> <td>11,722 (15.6%) </td> <td>11,783 (15.6%) </td> <td>11,660 (15.5%) </td> <td>10,445 (14.0%) </td> <td>10,495 (14.4%) </td> <td>10,589 (14.4%) </td> <td>10,501 (14.6%) </td> <td>10,156 (14.6%) </td> <td>9,443 (13.6%) </td> <td>9,188 (13.3%) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian</a> </td> <td>2,075 (2.8%) </td> <td>2,186 (2.9%) </td> <td>2,129 (2.8%) </td> <td>1,852 (2.5%) </td> <td>1,773 (2.4%) </td> <td>1,698 (2.3%) </td> <td>1,814 (2.5%) </td> <td>1,610 (2.3%) </td> <td>1,625 (2.3%) </td> <td>1,684 (2.4%) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islands_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Islands Americans">Pacific Islander</a> </td> <td>... </td> <td>... </td> <td>... </td> <td>199 (0.3%) </td> <td>183 (0.3%) </td> <td>199 (0.3%) </td> <td>228 (0.3%) </td> <td>249 (0.3%) </td> <td>246 (0.3%) </td> <td>265 (0.4%) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">American Indian</a> </td> <td>402 (0.5%) </td> <td>423 (0.6%) </td> <td>359 (0.5%) </td> <td>156 (0.2%) </td> <td>167 (0.2%) </td> <td>140 (0.2%) </td> <td>145 (0.2%) </td> <td>163 (0.2%) </td> <td>184 (0.2%) </td> <td>160 (0.2%) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic</a> (of any race) </td> <td>3,931 (5.2%) </td> <td>3,959 (5.3%) </td> <td>4,042 (5.4%) </td> <td>4,136 (5.5%) </td> <td>4,156 (5.7%) </td> <td>4,409 (6.0%) </td> <td>4,386 (6.1%) </td> <td>4,469 (6.4%) </td> <td>4,606 (6.6%) </td> <td>5,224 (7.6%) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Total Missouri </td> <td>75,296 (100%) </td> <td>75,360 (100%) </td> <td>75,061 (100%) </td> <td>74,705 (100%) </td> <td>73,034 (100%) </td> <td>73,269 (100%) </td> <td>72,127 (100%) </td> <td>69,285 (100%) </td> <td>69,453 (100%) </td> <td>68,985 (100%) </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>Since 2016, data for births of <a href="/wiki/White_Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="White Hispanic and Latino Americans">White Hispanic</a> origin are not collected, but included in one Hispanic group; persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language">Language</h3></div> The vast majority of people in Missouri speak English. Approximately 5.1% of the population reported speaking a language other than English at home. The Spanish language is spoken in small Latino communities in the St. Louis and Kansas City Metro areas.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> Missouri is home to an endangered dialect of the French language known as <a href="/wiki/Missouri_French" title="Missouri French">Missouri French</a>. Speakers of the dialect, who call themselves <a href="/wiki/Creole_peoples" title="Creole peoples">Créoles</a>, are descendants of the French pioneers who settled the area then known as the <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Country" title="Illinois Country">Illinois Country</a> beginning in the late 17th century. It developed in isolation from French speakers in Canada and <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a>, becoming quite distinct from the varieties of <a href="/wiki/Canadian_French" title="Canadian French">Canadian French</a> and <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_French" title="Louisiana French">Louisiana French</a>. Once widely spoken throughout the area, Missouri French is now nearly extinct, with only a few elderly speakers able to use it.<a href="#cite_note-Ammon-92">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3></div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:Orange; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 791.58150883059px; border-left-color:Gold"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Gold"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Gold"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 524.21835811132px; border-left-color:Honeydew"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Honeydew"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Honeydew"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 12.632937844611px; border-left-color:Aquamarine"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Aquamarine"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Aquamarine"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 3.2162452993533E-14px; border-left-color:DeepSkyBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:DeepSkyBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:DeepSkyBlue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:99.802672842827px 6.2790519529313px 0 0; border-top-color:#d4213d"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#d4213d"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:48.175367410172px 87.630668004386px 0 0; border-top-color:DodgerBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:DodgerBlue"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> Religion in Missouri (2014)<a href="#cite_note-pew2014-94">[94]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a> (58%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism">Roman Catholicism</a> (16%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> <a href="/wiki/Mormonism" title="Mormonism">Mormonism</a> (1%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> Other Christian (2%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> <a href="/wiki/Irreligious" class="mw-redirect" title="Irreligious">No religion</a> (20%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> (1%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> Other religion (2%)</div> </div> </div></div> According to a Pew Research study<a href="#cite_note-pew2014-94">[94]</a> conducted in 2014, 80% of Missourians identify with a religion. 77% affiliate with Christianity and its various denominations and the other 3% are adherents of non-Christian religions. The remaining 20% have no religion, with 2% specifically identifying as atheists and 3% identifying as agnostics (the other 15% do not identify as "anything in particular"). The religious demographics of Missouri are as follows: <ul><li>Christian 77% <ul><li>Protestant 58% <ul><li>Evangelical Protestant 36%</li> <li>Mainline Protestant 16%</li> <li>Historically Black Protestant 6%</li></ul></li> <li>Catholic 16%</li> <li>Mormon 1%</li> <li>Orthodox Christian <1%</li> <li>Jehovah's Witness <1%</li> <li>Other Christian <1%</li></ul></li> <li>Non-Christian Religions 3% <ul><li>Jewish <1%</li> <li>Muslim <1%</li> <li>Buddhist 1%</li> <li>Hindu <1%</li> <li>Other World Religions <1%</li></ul></li> <li>Unaffiliated (No religion) 20% <ul><li>Atheist 2%</li> <li>Agnostic 3%</li> <li>Nothing in particular 15%</li></ul></li> <li>Don't know <1%</li></ul> The largest denominations by number of adherents in 2010 were the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Baptist_Convention" title="Southern Baptist Convention">Southern Baptist Convention</a> with 749,685; the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a> with 724,315; and the <a href="/wiki/United_Methodist_Church" title="United Methodist Church">United Methodist Church</a> with 226,409.<a href="#cite_note-www.thearda.com-95">[95]</a> Among the other denominations there are approximately 93,000 Mormons in 253 congregations, 25,000 Jewish adherents in 21 <a href="/wiki/Synagogue" title="Synagogue">synagogues</a>, 12,000 Muslims in 39 <a href="/wiki/Masjid" class="mw-redirect" title="Masjid">masjids</a>, 7,000 Buddhists in 34 temples, 20,000 Hindus in 17 temples, 2,500 <a href="/wiki/Unitarian_Universalism" title="Unitarian Universalism">Unitarians</a> in nine congregations, 2,000 of the <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí Faith</a> in 17 temples, five <a href="/wiki/Sikh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh">Sikh</a> temples, a <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrian" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoroastrian">Zoroastrian</a> temple, a <a href="/wiki/Jain" class="mw-redirect" title="Jain">Jain</a> temple and an uncounted number of <a href="/wiki/Neopagans" class="mw-redirect" title="Neopagans">neopagans</a>.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> Several religious organizations have headquarters in Missouri, including the <a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Church%E2%80%93Missouri_Synod" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod">Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod</a>, which has its headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Kirkwood,_Missouri" title="Kirkwood, Missouri">Kirkwood</a>, as well as the <a href="/wiki/United_Pentecostal_Church_International" title="United Pentecostal Church International">United Pentecostal Church International</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hazelwood,_Missouri" title="Hazelwood, Missouri">Hazelwood</a>, both outside St. Louis. <a href="/wiki/Independence,_Missouri" title="Independence, Missouri">Independence</a>, near Kansas City, is the headquarters for the <a href="/wiki/Community_of_Christ" title="Community of Christ">Community of Christ</a> (formerly the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints), the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Christ_(Temple_Lot)" title="Church of Christ (Temple Lot)">Church of Christ (Temple Lot)</a> and the group <a href="/wiki/Remnant_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter_Day_Saints" title="Remnant Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints">Remnant Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a>. This area and other parts of Missouri are also of significant religious and historical importance to <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a> (LDS Church), which maintains several sites and visitor centers. <a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Missouri" title="Springfield, Missouri">Springfield</a> is the headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Assemblies_of_God_USA" title="Assemblies of God USA">Assemblies of God USA</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Baptist_Bible_Fellowship_International" title="Baptist Bible Fellowship International">Baptist Bible Fellowship International</a>. The <a href="/wiki/General_Association_of_General_Baptists" title="General Association of General Baptists">General Association of General Baptists</a> has its headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Poplar_Bluff,_Missouri" title="Poplar Bluff, Missouri">Poplar Bluff</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Unity_Church" title="Unity Church">Unity Church</a> is headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Unity_Village,_Missouri" title="Unity Village, Missouri">Unity Village</a>. Springfield is particularly known as a Christian center in the state<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> and is considered by some to be a "buckle" of the <a href="/wiki/Bible_Belt" title="Bible Belt">Bible Belt</a>.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Hindu_Temple_of_St._Louis" title="Hindu Temple of St. Louis">Hindu Temple of St. Louis</a> is the largest Hindu Temple in Missouri, serving more than 14,000 Hindus. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2></div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Missouri_locations_by_per_capita_income" class="mw-redirect" title="Missouri locations by per capita income">Missouri locations by per capita income</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Missouri_quarter,_reverse_side,_2003.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Missouri_quarter%2C_reverse_side%2C_2003.jpg/170px-Missouri_quarter%2C_reverse_side%2C_2003.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="169" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1154" data-file-height="1147"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 169px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Missouri_quarter%2C_reverse_side%2C_2003.jpg/170px-Missouri_quarter%2C_reverse_side%2C_2003.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="169" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Missouri_quarter%2C_reverse_side%2C_2003.jpg/255px-Missouri_quarter%2C_reverse_side%2C_2003.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Missouri_quarter%2C_reverse_side%2C_2003.jpg/340px-Missouri_quarter%2C_reverse_side%2C_2003.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Missouri State quarter featuring the <a href="/wiki/Lewis_and_Clark_Expedition" title="Lewis and Clark Expedition">Lewis and Clark Expedition</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Total employment in 2016: 2,494,720</li> <li>Total Number of employer establishments in 2016: 160,912<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a></li></ul> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Commerce" title="United States Department of Commerce">U.S. Department of Commerce</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Economic_Analysis" title="Bureau of Economic Analysis">Bureau of Economic Analysis</a> estimated Missouri's <a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">gross state product</a> was $422 billion in 2023.<a href="#cite_note-GDPByState-101">[101]</a> <a href="/wiki/Per_capita_personal_income_in_the_United_States" title="Per capita personal income in the United States">Per capita personal income</a> in 2023 was $61,302, ranking 34th in the nation.<a href="#cite_note-r095-102">[102]</a> Major industries include <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agriculture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aerospace" title="Aerospace">aerospace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vehicles" class="mw-redirect" title="Vehicles">transportation equipment</a>, <a href="/wiki/Food_processing" title="Food processing">food processing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chemical_industry" title="Chemical industry">chemicals</a>, printing/publishing, <a href="/wiki/Electrical_equipment" class="mw-redirect" title="Electrical equipment">electrical equipment</a>, <a href="/wiki/Light_manufacturing" class="mw-redirect" title="Light manufacturing">light manufacturing</a>, and financial services. The agriculture products of the state are beef, <a href="/wiki/Soybeans" class="mw-redirect" title="Soybeans">soybeans</a>, pork, <a href="/wiki/Dairy_products" class="mw-redirect" title="Dairy products">dairy products</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hay" title="Hay">hay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">corn</a>, poultry, <a href="/wiki/Sorghum" title="Sorghum">sorghum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cotton" title="Cotton">cotton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rice" title="Rice">rice</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Egg_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Egg (food)">eggs</a>. Missouri is ranked 6th in the nation for the production of hogs and 7th for cattle. Missouri is ranked in the top five states in the nation for production of soy beans, and it is ranked fourth in the nation for the production of rice. In 2001, there were 108,000 farms, the second-largest number in any state after Texas. Missouri actively promotes its rapidly growing <a href="/wiki/Missouri_wine" title="Missouri wine">wine industry</a>. According to the Missouri Partnership, Missouri's agriculture industry contributes $33 billion in GDP to Missouri's economy, and generates $88 billion in sales and more than 378,000 jobs.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Greatestshowunderearth.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/20/Greatestshowunderearth.jpg/220px-Greatestshowunderearth.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/20/Greatestshowunderearth.jpg/220px-Greatestshowunderearth.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/20/Greatestshowunderearth.jpg/330px-Greatestshowunderearth.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/20/Greatestshowunderearth.jpg/440px-Greatestshowunderearth.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Meramec_Caverns" title="Meramec Caverns">Meramec Caverns</a></figcaption></figure> Missouri has vast quantities of <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a>. Other resources mined are lead, coal, and crushed <a href="/wiki/Rock_(geology)" title="Rock (geology)">stone</a>. Missouri produces the most lead of all the states. Most of the lead mines are in the <a href="/wiki/Lead_Belt" class="mw-redirect" title="Lead Belt">central eastern portion</a> of the state. Missouri also ranks first or near first in the production of <a href="/wiki/Lime_(mineral)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lime (mineral)">lime</a>, a key ingredient in <a href="/wiki/Portland_cement" title="Portland cement">Portland cement</a>. Missouri also has a growing science, agricultural technology, and biotechnology field. <a href="/wiki/Monsanto" title="Monsanto">Monsanto</a>, formerly one of the largest biotech companies in America, was based in <a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis</a> until it was acquired by <a href="/wiki/Bayer_AG" class="mw-redirect" title="Bayer AG">Bayer AG</a> in 2018. It is now part of the Crop Science Division of <a href="/wiki/Bayer_Corporation" title="Bayer Corporation">Bayer Corporation</a>, Bayer's U.S. subsidiary. Tourism, services, and wholesale/retail trade follow manufacturing in importance—tourism benefits from the many rivers, lakes, caves, parks, etc., throughout the state. In addition to a network of state parks, Missouri is home to <a href="/wiki/Gateway_Arch_National_Park" title="Gateway Arch National Park">Gateway Arch National Park</a> in St. Louis and the <a href="/wiki/Ozark_National_Scenic_Riverways" title="Ozark National Scenic Riverways">Ozark National Scenic Riverways</a>. A much-visited show cave is <a href="/wiki/Meramec_Caverns" title="Meramec Caverns">Meramec Caverns</a> in <a href="/wiki/Stanton,_Missouri" title="Stanton, Missouri">Stanton</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:New_Federal_Reserve_Bank_Kansas_City_MO.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/New_Federal_Reserve_Bank_Kansas_City_MO.jpg/220px-New_Federal_Reserve_Bank_Kansas_City_MO.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1109" data-file-height="898"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 178px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/New_Federal_Reserve_Bank_Kansas_City_MO.jpg/220px-New_Federal_Reserve_Bank_Kansas_City_MO.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="178" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/New_Federal_Reserve_Bank_Kansas_City_MO.jpg/330px-New_Federal_Reserve_Bank_Kansas_City_MO.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/New_Federal_Reserve_Bank_Kansas_City_MO.jpg/440px-New_Federal_Reserve_Bank_Kansas_City_MO.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Missouri is the only state to have two main <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Bank" title="Federal Reserve Bank">Federal Reserve Banks</a> (<a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Bank_of_Kansas_City" title="Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City">Kansas City</a> bank pictured).</figcaption></figure> Missouri is the only state in the Union to have two <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Bank" title="Federal Reserve Bank">Federal Reserve Banks</a>: one in <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Bank_of_Kansas_City" title="Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City">Kansas City</a> (serving western Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, Oklahoma, Colorado, northern New Mexico, and Wyoming) and one in <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Bank_of_St._Louis" title="Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis">St. Louis</a> (serving eastern Missouri, southern Illinois, southern Indiana, western Kentucky, western Tennessee, northern Mississippi, and all of Arkansas).<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> The state's seasonally adjusted unemployment rate in April 2017 was 3.9 percent.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> In 2017, Missouri became a right-to-work state,<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> but in August 2018, Missouri voters rejected a <a href="/wiki/Right-to-work_law" title="Right-to-work law">right-to-work law</a> with 67% to 33%.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Taxation">Taxation</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Missouri" title="Taxation in Missouri">Taxation in Missouri</a></div> Personal <a href="/wiki/Income_tax" title="Income tax">income</a> is taxed in ten different earning brackets, ranging from 1.5% to 6.0%. Missouri's <a href="/wiki/Sales_tax" title="Sales tax">sales tax</a> rate for most items is 4.225%, with some additional local levies. More than 2,500 Missouri local governments rely on <a href="/wiki/Property_tax" title="Property tax">property taxes</a> levied on real property (real estate) and <a href="/wiki/Personal_property" title="Personal property">personal property</a>. Most personal property is exempt, except for motorized vehicles. Exempt real estate includes property owned by governments and property used as nonprofit cemeteries, exclusively for religious worship, for schools and colleges, and purely charitable purposes. There is no <a href="/wiki/Inheritance_tax" title="Inheritance tax">inheritance tax</a> and limited Missouri <a href="/wiki/Estate_tax" class="mw-redirect" title="Estate tax">estate tax</a> related to <a href="/wiki/Estate_tax_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Estate tax (United States)">federal estate tax</a> collection. In 2017, the Tax Foundation rated Missouri as having the 5th-best corporate tax index,<a href="#cite_note-:0-110">[110]</a> and the 15th-best overall tax climate.<a href="#cite_note-:0-110">[110]</a> Missouri's corporate income tax rate is 6.25%; however, 50% of federal income tax payments may be deducted before computing taxable income, leading to an effective rate of 5.2%.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Energy">Energy</h3></div> In 2012, Missouri had roughly 22,000 MW of installed electricity generation capacity.<a href="#cite_note-EIAMissouri-112">[112]</a> In 2011, 82% of Missouri's electricity was generated by <a href="/wiki/Fossil-fuel_power_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Fossil-fuel power station">coal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-113">[113]</a> Ten percent was generated from the state's only <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_plant" title="Nuclear power plant">nuclear power plant</a>,<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-113">[113]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Callaway_Nuclear_Generating_Station" title="Callaway Nuclear Generating Station">Callaway Plant</a> in Callaway County, northeast of <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Jefferson City">Jefferson City</a>. Five percent was generated by <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">natural gas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-113">[113]</a> One percent was generated by <a href="/wiki/Hydroelectric" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydroelectric">hydroelectric</a> sources,<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-113">[113]</a> such as the dams for <a href="/wiki/Truman_Reservoir" title="Truman Reservoir">Truman Lake</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lake_of_the_Ozarks" title="Lake of the Ozarks">Lake of the Ozarks</a>. Missouri has a small but growing amount of wind and solar power—wind capacity increased from 309 MW in 2009 to 459 MW in 2011, while photovoltaics have increased from 0.2 MW to 1.3 MW over the same period.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sherwood,_Larry-115">[115]</a> As of 2016, Missouri's solar installations had reached 141 MW.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> <a href="/wiki/Oil_well" title="Oil well">Oil wells</a> in Missouri produced 120,000 barrels of <a href="/wiki/Crude_oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Crude oil">crude oil</a> in fiscal 2012.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> There are no oil refineries in Missouri.<a href="#cite_note-Sherwood,_Larry-115">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2></div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Airports">Airports</h3></div> Missouri has two major airport hubs: <a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Lambert_International_Airport" title="St. Louis Lambert International Airport">St. Louis Lambert International Airport</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_International_Airport" title="Kansas City International Airport">Kansas City International Airport</a>. Southern Missouri has the <a href="/wiki/Springfield%E2%80%93Branson_National_Airport" title="Springfield–Branson National Airport">Springfield–Branson National Airport</a> (SGF) with multiple non-stop destinations.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> Residents of Mid-Missouri use <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Regional_Airport" title="Columbia Regional Airport">Columbia Regional Airport</a> (COU) to fly to Chicago (ORD), Dallas (DFW) or Denver (DEN).<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rail">Rail</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1249493202">.mw-parser-output .RMbox{box-shadow:0 2px 2px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 1px 5px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.12),0 3px 1px -2px rgba(0,0,0,.2)}.mw-parser-output .RMinline{float:none;width:100%;margin:0;border:none}.mw-parser-output table.routemap{padding:0;border:0;border-collapse:collapse;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;line-height:1.2;margin:auto}.mw-parser-output table.routemap 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.RMbw{width:200px;min-width:200px}.mw-parser-output .RMir .RM_bw{width:220px;min-width:220px}.mw-parser-output .RMir .RMsw{width:240px;min-width:240px}.mw-parser-output .RMir .RM_sw{width:260px;min-width:260px}.mw-parser-output .RMir .RMbsw{width:280px;min-width:280px}.mw-parser-output .RMir .RM_bsw{width:300px;min-width:300px}.mw-parser-output .RMsplit{font-weight:inherit;color:black;background:transparent;margin-top:-3px;margin-bottom:-3px;width:initial!important;box-sizing:initial;display:inline-table;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output table.routemap .RMl>.RMsplit,.mw-parser-output table.routemap .RMr>.RMsplit{font-size:90%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .RMbox{background:inherit!important;color:white}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .RMbox img{filter:contrast(0.4)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets a abbr{color:white!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .RMbox th{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-bottom:solid 1px #be2d2c}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .RMbox small{color:white}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .RMsplit{color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .RMbox img{filter:contrast(0.4)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets a abbr{color:white!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .RMbox{background:inherit!important;color:white}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .RMbox th{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-bottom:solid 1px #be2d2c}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .RMbox small{color:white}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .RMsplit{color:white}}</style> <table class="collapsible collapsed RMbox" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="float:right;clear:right;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:1em;empty-cells:show;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa);color:inherit;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="color:#FFF;background:#27404E;text-align:center;padding:5px"><div><div style="white-space:nowrap;margin-right:55px;margin-left:55px;font-size:113.63636363636%">Missouri passenger rail stations</div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="line-height:normal;padding:4px 5px"><div class="selfreference noprint" style="text-align:right;font-size:97%"><a href="/wiki/Template:Railway_line_legend" title="Template:Railway line legend">Legend</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0px 6px"> <table class="nogrid routemap" style="font-size:107.95454545455%"> <tbody><tr> <td class="RMl" colspan="2"><div class="RMsi"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249493202"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="RMsplit" style="text-align:inherit;font-style:italic;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align:inherit;padding:0;line-height:.9;font-size:inherit"><a href="/wiki/Southwest_Chief" title="Southwest Chief">Southwest Chief</a></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:inherit;padding:0;line-height:.9;font-size:inherit">to <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Union_Station" title="Chicago Union Station">Chicago</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </td> <td class="RMl1"> </td> <td class="RMir"><div><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/BSicon_CONTg.svg/20px-BSicon_CONTg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/BSicon_CONTg.svg/20px-BSicon_CONTg.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/BSicon_CONTg.svg/30px-BSicon_CONTg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/BSicon_CONTg.svg/40px-BSicon_CONTg.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div><div class="RM_"></div><div><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/BSicon_CONTg.svg/20px-BSicon_CONTg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/BSicon_CONTg.svg/20px-BSicon_CONTg.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/BSicon_CONTg.svg/30px-BSicon_CONTg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/BSicon_CONTg.svg/40px-BSicon_CONTg.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div> </td> <td class="RMr1"> </td> <td class="RMr" colspan="2"><div class="RMsi"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249493202"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="RMsplit" style="text-align:inherit;font-style:italic;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align:inherit;padding:0;line-height:.9;font-size:inherit"><a href="/wiki/Texas_Eagle" title="Texas Eagle">Texas Eagle</a></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:inherit;padding:0;line-height:.9;font-size:inherit">to <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Union_Station" title="Chicago Union Station">Chicago</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="RMl" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/La_Plata_station" title="La Plata station">La Plata</a> </td> <td class="RMl1"> </td> <td class="RMir"><div><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/BSicon_HSTACC.svg/20px-BSicon_HSTACC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/BSicon_HSTACC.svg/20px-BSicon_HSTACC.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/BSicon_HSTACC.svg/30px-BSicon_HSTACC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/BSicon_HSTACC.svg/40px-BSicon_HSTACC.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div><div class="RM_"></div><div><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/BSicon_INTACC.svg/20px-BSicon_INTACC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/BSicon_INTACC.svg/20px-BSicon_INTACC.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/BSicon_INTACC.svg/30px-BSicon_INTACC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/BSicon_INTACC.svg/40px-BSicon_INTACC.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div> </td> <td class="RMr1"> </td> <td class="RMr" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Gateway_Transportation_Center" title="Gateway Transportation Center">St. Louis</a> <div class="RMsi"><a href="/wiki/MetroLink_(St._Louis)" title="MetroLink (St. Louis)"><noscript><img alt="MetroLink (St. Louis)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/St_Louis_MetroLink_Logo.svg/16px-St_Louis_MetroLink_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 16px;height: 16px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/St_Louis_MetroLink_Logo.svg/16px-St_Louis_MetroLink_Logo.svg.png" data-alt="MetroLink (St. Louis)" data-width="16" data-height="16" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/St_Louis_MetroLink_Logo.svg/24px-St_Louis_MetroLink_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/St_Louis_MetroLink_Logo.svg/32px-St_Louis_MetroLink_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="RMl" colspan="2"> </td> <td class="RMl1"> </td> <td class="RMir"><div><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/BSicon_STR.svg/20px-BSicon_STR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/BSicon_STR.svg/20px-BSicon_STR.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/BSicon_STR.svg/30px-BSicon_STR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/BSicon_STR.svg/40px-BSicon_STR.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div><div><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/BSicon_KRW%2Bl_cerulean.svg/20px-BSicon_KRW%2Bl_cerulean.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/BSicon_KRW%2Bl_cerulean.svg/20px-BSicon_KRW%2Bl_cerulean.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/BSicon_KRW%2Bl_cerulean.svg/30px-BSicon_KRW%2Bl_cerulean.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/BSicon_KRW%2Bl_cerulean.svg/40px-BSicon_KRW%2Bl_cerulean.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div><div><div class="RMov"><div class="RMic"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/BSicon_STR.svg/20px-BSicon_STR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/BSicon_STR.svg/20px-BSicon_STR.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/BSicon_STR.svg/30px-BSicon_STR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/BSicon_STR.svg/40px-BSicon_STR.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div></div><div><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/BSicon_KRWr_cerulean.svg/20px-BSicon_KRWr_cerulean.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/BSicon_KRWr_cerulean.svg/20px-BSicon_KRWr_cerulean.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/BSicon_KRWr_cerulean.svg/30px-BSicon_KRWr_cerulean.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/BSicon_KRWr_cerulean.svg/40px-BSicon_KRWr_cerulean.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div></div> </td> <td class="RMr1"> </td> <td class="RMr" colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="RMl" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Kirkwood_station_(Missouri)" title="Kirkwood station (Missouri)">Kirkwood</a> </td> <td class="RMl1"> </td> <td class="RMir"><div><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/BSicon_STR.svg/20px-BSicon_STR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/BSicon_STR.svg/20px-BSicon_STR.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/BSicon_STR.svg/30px-BSicon_STR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/BSicon_STR.svg/40px-BSicon_STR.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div><div><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/BSicon_HSTACC_cerulean.svg/20px-BSicon_HSTACC_cerulean.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/BSicon_HSTACC_cerulean.svg/20px-BSicon_HSTACC_cerulean.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/BSicon_HSTACC_cerulean.svg/30px-BSicon_HSTACC_cerulean.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/BSicon_HSTACC_cerulean.svg/40px-BSicon_HSTACC_cerulean.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div><div><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/BSicon_HSTACC.svg/20px-BSicon_HSTACC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/BSicon_HSTACC.svg/20px-BSicon_HSTACC.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/BSicon_HSTACC.svg/30px-BSicon_HSTACC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/BSicon_HSTACC.svg/40px-BSicon_HSTACC.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div> </td> <td class="RMr1"> </td> <td class="RMr" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Arcadia_Valley_station" title="Arcadia Valley station">Arcadia Valley</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="RMl" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Washington_station_(Missouri)" title="Washington station (Missouri)">Washington</a> </td> <td class="RMl1"> </td> <td class="RMir"><div><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/BSicon_STR.svg/20px-BSicon_STR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/BSicon_STR.svg/20px-BSicon_STR.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/BSicon_STR.svg/30px-BSicon_STR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/BSicon_STR.svg/40px-BSicon_STR.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div><div><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/BSicon_HSTACC_cerulean.svg/20px-BSicon_HSTACC_cerulean.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/BSicon_HSTACC_cerulean.svg/20px-BSicon_HSTACC_cerulean.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/BSicon_HSTACC_cerulean.svg/30px-BSicon_HSTACC_cerulean.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/BSicon_HSTACC_cerulean.svg/40px-BSicon_HSTACC_cerulean.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div><div><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/BSicon_HSTACC.svg/20px-BSicon_HSTACC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/BSicon_HSTACC.svg/20px-BSicon_HSTACC.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/BSicon_HSTACC.svg/30px-BSicon_HSTACC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/BSicon_HSTACC.svg/40px-BSicon_HSTACC.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div> </td> <td class="RMr1"> </td> <td class="RMr" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Poplar_Bluff_station" title="Poplar Bluff station">Poplar Bluff</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="RMl" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Hermann_station_(Missouri)" title="Hermann station (Missouri)">Hermann</a> </td> <td class="RMl1"> </td> <td class="RMir"><div><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/BSicon_STR.svg/20px-BSicon_STR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/BSicon_STR.svg/20px-BSicon_STR.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/BSicon_STR.svg/30px-BSicon_STR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/BSicon_STR.svg/40px-BSicon_STR.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div><div><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/BSicon_HSTACC_cerulean.svg/20px-BSicon_HSTACC_cerulean.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/BSicon_HSTACC_cerulean.svg/20px-BSicon_HSTACC_cerulean.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/BSicon_HSTACC_cerulean.svg/30px-BSicon_HSTACC_cerulean.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/BSicon_HSTACC_cerulean.svg/40px-BSicon_HSTACC_cerulean.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div><div><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/BSicon_CONT2%2Bg.svg/20px-BSicon_CONT2%2Bg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/BSicon_CONT2%2Bg.svg/20px-BSicon_CONT2%2Bg.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/BSicon_CONT2%2Bg.svg/30px-BSicon_CONT2%2Bg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/BSicon_CONT2%2Bg.svg/40px-BSicon_CONT2%2Bg.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div> </td> <td class="RMr1"> </td> <td class="RMr" colspan="2"><div class="RMsi"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249493202"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="RMsplit" style="text-align:inherit;font-style:italic;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align:inherit;padding:0;line-height:.9;font-size:inherit"><a href="/wiki/Texas_Eagle" title="Texas Eagle">Texas Eagle</a></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:inherit;padding:0;line-height:.9;font-size:inherit">to <a href="/wiki/San_Antonio_station_(Texas)" title="San Antonio station (Texas)">San Antonio</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="RMl" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_City_station" title="Jefferson City station">Jefferson City</a> </td> <td class="RMl1"> </td> <td class="RMir"><div><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/BSicon_STR.svg/20px-BSicon_STR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/BSicon_STR.svg/20px-BSicon_STR.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/BSicon_STR.svg/30px-BSicon_STR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/BSicon_STR.svg/40px-BSicon_STR.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div><div><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/BSicon_ACC_cerulean.svg/20px-BSicon_ACC_cerulean.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/BSicon_ACC_cerulean.svg/20px-BSicon_ACC_cerulean.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/BSicon_ACC_cerulean.svg/30px-BSicon_ACC_cerulean.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/BSicon_ACC_cerulean.svg/40px-BSicon_ACC_cerulean.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div><div class="RM_"></div> </td> <td class="RMr1"> </td> <td class="RMr" colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="RMl" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Sedalia_station" title="Sedalia station">Sedalia</a> </td> <td class="RMl1"> </td> <td class="RMir"><div><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/BSicon_STR.svg/20px-BSicon_STR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/BSicon_STR.svg/20px-BSicon_STR.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/BSicon_STR.svg/30px-BSicon_STR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/BSicon_STR.svg/40px-BSicon_STR.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div><div><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/BSicon_HST_cerulean.svg/20px-BSicon_HST_cerulean.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/BSicon_HST_cerulean.svg/20px-BSicon_HST_cerulean.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/BSicon_HST_cerulean.svg/30px-BSicon_HST_cerulean.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/BSicon_HST_cerulean.svg/40px-BSicon_HST_cerulean.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div><div class="RM_"></div> </td> <td class="RMr1"> </td> <td class="RMr" colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="RMl" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Warrensburg_station" title="Warrensburg station">Warrensburg</a> </td> <td class="RMl1"> </td> <td class="RMir"><div><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/BSicon_STR.svg/20px-BSicon_STR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/BSicon_STR.svg/20px-BSicon_STR.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/BSicon_STR.svg/30px-BSicon_STR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/BSicon_STR.svg/40px-BSicon_STR.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div><div><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/BSicon_HSTACC_cerulean.svg/20px-BSicon_HSTACC_cerulean.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/BSicon_HSTACC_cerulean.svg/20px-BSicon_HSTACC_cerulean.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/BSicon_HSTACC_cerulean.svg/30px-BSicon_HSTACC_cerulean.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/BSicon_HSTACC_cerulean.svg/40px-BSicon_HSTACC_cerulean.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div><div class="RM_"></div> </td> <td class="RMr1"> </td> <td class="RMr" colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="RMl" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Lee%27s_Summit_station" title="Lee's Summit station">Lee's Summit</a> </td> <td class="RMl1"> </td> <td class="RMir"><div><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/BSicon_STR.svg/20px-BSicon_STR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/BSicon_STR.svg/20px-BSicon_STR.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/BSicon_STR.svg/30px-BSicon_STR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/BSicon_STR.svg/40px-BSicon_STR.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div><div><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/BSicon_HSTACC_cerulean.svg/20px-BSicon_HSTACC_cerulean.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/BSicon_HSTACC_cerulean.svg/20px-BSicon_HSTACC_cerulean.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/BSicon_HSTACC_cerulean.svg/30px-BSicon_HSTACC_cerulean.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/BSicon_HSTACC_cerulean.svg/40px-BSicon_HSTACC_cerulean.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div><div class="RM_"></div> </td> <td class="RMr1"> </td> <td class="RMr" colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="RMl" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Independence_station" title="Independence station">Independence</a> </td> <td class="RMl1"> </td> <td class="RMir"><div><div class="RMov"><div class="RMic"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/BSicon_STR.svg/20px-BSicon_STR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/BSicon_STR.svg/20px-BSicon_STR.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/BSicon_STR.svg/30px-BSicon_STR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/BSicon_STR.svg/40px-BSicon_STR.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div><div class="RMic"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/BSicon_lHST~L_cerulean.svg/20px-BSicon_lHST~L_cerulean.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/BSicon_lHST~L_cerulean.svg/20px-BSicon_lHST~L_cerulean.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/BSicon_lHST~L_cerulean.svg/30px-BSicon_lHST~L_cerulean.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/BSicon_lHST~L_cerulean.svg/40px-BSicon_lHST~L_cerulean.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div></div><div><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/BSicon_KRW%2Bl_cerulean.svg/20px-BSicon_KRW%2Bl_cerulean.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/BSicon_KRW%2Bl_cerulean.svg/20px-BSicon_KRW%2Bl_cerulean.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/BSicon_KRW%2Bl_cerulean.svg/30px-BSicon_KRW%2Bl_cerulean.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/BSicon_KRW%2Bl_cerulean.svg/40px-BSicon_KRW%2Bl_cerulean.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div></div><div><div class="RMov"><div class="RMic"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/BSicon_lHST~R_cerulean.svg/20px-BSicon_lHST~R_cerulean.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/BSicon_lHST~R_cerulean.svg/20px-BSicon_lHST~R_cerulean.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/BSicon_lHST~R_cerulean.svg/30px-BSicon_lHST~R_cerulean.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/BSicon_lHST~R_cerulean.svg/40px-BSicon_lHST~R_cerulean.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div></div><div><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/BSicon_KRWr_cerulean.svg/20px-BSicon_KRWr_cerulean.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/BSicon_KRWr_cerulean.svg/20px-BSicon_KRWr_cerulean.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/BSicon_KRWr_cerulean.svg/30px-BSicon_KRWr_cerulean.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/BSicon_KRWr_cerulean.svg/40px-BSicon_KRWr_cerulean.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div></div><div class="RM_"></div> </td> <td class="RMr1"> </td> <td class="RMr" colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="RMl" colspan="2"><div class="RMsi"><a href="/wiki/KC_Streetcar" title="KC Streetcar"><noscript><img alt="KC Streetcar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/BSicon_TRAM.svg/14px-BSicon_TRAM.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 14px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/BSicon_TRAM.svg/14px-BSicon_TRAM.svg.png" data-alt="KC Streetcar" data-width="14" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/BSicon_TRAM.svg/21px-BSicon_TRAM.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/BSicon_TRAM.svg/28px-BSicon_TRAM.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_Union_Station" title="Kansas City Union Station">Kansas City</a> </td> <td class="RMl1"> </td> <td class="RMir"><div><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/BSicon_INTACC.svg/20px-BSicon_INTACC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/BSicon_INTACC.svg/20px-BSicon_INTACC.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/BSicon_INTACC.svg/30px-BSicon_INTACC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/BSicon_INTACC.svg/40px-BSicon_INTACC.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div><div class="RM_"></div><div class="RM_"></div> </td> <td class="RMr1"> </td> <td class="RMr" colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="RMl" colspan="2"><div class="RMsi"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249493202"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="RMsplit" style="text-align:inherit;font-style:italic;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align:inherit;padding:0;line-height:.9;font-size:inherit"><a href="/wiki/Southwest_Chief" title="Southwest Chief">Southwest Chief</a></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:inherit;padding:0;line-height:.9;font-size:inherit">to <a href="/wiki/Union_Station_(Los_Angeles)" title="Union Station (Los Angeles)">Los Angeles</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </td> <td class="RMl1"> </td> <td class="RMir"><div><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/BSicon_CONTf.svg/20px-BSicon_CONTf.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/BSicon_CONTf.svg/20px-BSicon_CONTf.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/BSicon_CONTf.svg/30px-BSicon_CONTf.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/BSicon_CONTf.svg/40px-BSicon_CONTf.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div><div class="RM_"></div><div class="RM_"></div> </td> <td class="RMr1"> </td> <td class="RMr" colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0 3px 0 0;"> </td> <td> </td> <td class="RMl1"> </td> <td> </td> <td class="RMr1"> </td> <td> </td> <td style="padding:0 0 0 3px;"> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="border-top: 5px solid var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa);border-bottom: 5px solid var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa);padding:3px 5px;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;color:#252525;background:#EEEEEE"><div style="margin:0;font-size:113.63636363636%">Key</div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0px 6px 6px"> <table class="nogrid routemap" style="font-size:107.95454545455%"> <tbody><tr> <td class="RMl" colspan="2"> </td> <td class="RMl1"> </td> <td class="RMir"><div><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/BSicon_BHFq.svg/20px-BSicon_BHFq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/BSicon_BHFq.svg/20px-BSicon_BHFq.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/BSicon_BHFq.svg/30px-BSicon_BHFq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/BSicon_BHFq.svg/40px-BSicon_BHFq.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div> </td> <td class="RMr1"> </td> <td class="RMr" colspan="2">Long-distance <a href="/wiki/Amtrak" title="Amtrak">Amtrak</a> routes </td></tr> <tr> <td class="RMl" colspan="2"> </td> <td class="RMl1"> </td> <td class="RMir"><div><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/BSicon_BHFq_cerulean.svg/20px-BSicon_BHFq_cerulean.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/BSicon_BHFq_cerulean.svg/20px-BSicon_BHFq_cerulean.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/BSicon_BHFq_cerulean.svg/30px-BSicon_BHFq_cerulean.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/BSicon_BHFq_cerulean.svg/40px-BSicon_BHFq_cerulean.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div> </td> <td class="RMr1"> </td> <td class="RMr" colspan="2">Amtrak <a href="/wiki/Missouri_River_Runner" title="Missouri River Runner">Missouri River Runner</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0 3px 0 0;"> </td> <td> </td> <td class="RMl1"> </td> <td> </td> <td class="RMr1"> </td> <td> </td> <td style="padding:0 0 0 3px;"> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="line-height:normal;padding:0px 5px 3px;text-align:center"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist">This diagram: <ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Missouri_rail_network" title="Template:Missouri rail network">view</a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Missouri_rail_network" title="Template talk:Missouri rail network">talk</a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Missouri_rail_network" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Missouri rail network">edit</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kirkwood_Train_Station.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Kirkwood_Train_Station.jpg/250px-Kirkwood_Train_Station.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 167px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Kirkwood_Train_Station.jpg/250px-Kirkwood_Train_Station.jpg" data-width="250" data-height="167" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Kirkwood_Train_Station.jpg/375px-Kirkwood_Train_Station.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Kirkwood_Train_Station.jpg/500px-Kirkwood_Train_Station.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Amtrak station in <a href="/wiki/Kirkwood,_Missouri" title="Kirkwood, Missouri">Kirkwood</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KC_Streetcar_(26813012241).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/KC_Streetcar_%2826813012241%29.jpg/220px-KC_Streetcar_%2826813012241%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1328"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/KC_Streetcar_%2826813012241%29.jpg/220px-KC_Streetcar_%2826813012241%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/KC_Streetcar_%2826813012241%29.jpg/330px-KC_Streetcar_%2826813012241%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/KC_Streetcar_%2826813012241%29.jpg/440px-KC_Streetcar_%2826813012241%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Kansas City Streetcar near <a href="/wiki/Union_Station_(Kansas_City)" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Station (Kansas City)">Union Station</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Southwest_Missouri_Railroad_Company_c_1907.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Map_of_Southwest_Missouri_Railroad_Company_c_1907.png/220px-Map_of_Southwest_Missouri_Railroad_Company_c_1907.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="192" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1290" data-file-height="1124"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 192px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Map_of_Southwest_Missouri_Railroad_Company_c_1907.png/220px-Map_of_Southwest_Missouri_Railroad_Company_c_1907.png" data-width="220" data-height="192" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Map_of_Southwest_Missouri_Railroad_Company_c_1907.png/330px-Map_of_Southwest_Missouri_Railroad_Company_c_1907.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Map_of_Southwest_Missouri_Railroad_Company_c_1907.png/440px-Map_of_Southwest_Missouri_Railroad_Company_c_1907.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Map of Southwest Missouri Railroad Company c 1907</figcaption></figure> Two of the nation's three busiest rail centers are in Missouri. <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri" title="Kansas City, Missouri">Kansas City</a> is a major railroad hub for <a href="/wiki/BNSF_Railway" title="BNSF Railway">BNSF Railway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Southern_Railway" title="Norfolk Southern Railway">Norfolk Southern Railway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_Southern_Railway" title="Kansas City Southern Railway">Kansas City Southern Railway</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Union_Pacific_Railroad" title="Union Pacific Railroad">Union Pacific Railroad</a>, and every class 1 railroad serves Missouri. Kansas City is the second-largest freight rail center in the U.S. (but is first in the amount of tonnage handled). Like Kansas City, St. Louis is a major destination for train freight. Springfield remains an operational hub for BNSF Railway. <a href="/wiki/Amtrak" title="Amtrak">Amtrak</a> passenger trains serve <a href="/wiki/Union_Station_(Kansas_City,_Missouri)" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Station (Kansas City, Missouri)">Kansas City</a>, <a href="/wiki/La_Plata_(Amtrak_station)" class="mw-redirect" title="La Plata (Amtrak station)">La Plata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_City_station" title="Jefferson City station">Jefferson City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gateway_Multimodal_Transportation_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Gateway Multimodal Transportation Center">St. Louis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lee%27s_Summit,_Missouri" title="Lee's Summit, Missouri">Lee's Summit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Independence_(Amtrak_station)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independence (Amtrak station)">Independence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Warrensburg,_Missouri" title="Warrensburg, Missouri">Warrensburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hermann,_Missouri" title="Hermann, Missouri">Hermann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington,_Missouri" title="Washington, Missouri">Washington</a>, Kirkwood, <a href="/wiki/Sedalia,_Missouri" title="Sedalia, Missouri">Sedalia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Poplar_Bluff,_Missouri" title="Poplar Bluff, Missouri">Poplar Bluff</a>. A proposed <a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail" title="High-speed rail">high-speed rail</a> route in Missouri as part of the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Hub_Network" title="Chicago Hub Network">Chicago Hub Network</a> has received $31 million in funding.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">Parts of this article (those related to reference from 2010 about Chicago Hub Network high-speed rail) need to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (June 2023)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> The only urban light rail/subway system operating in Missouri is <a href="/wiki/MetroLink_(St._Louis)" title="MetroLink (St. Louis)">MetroLink</a>, which connects the city of St. Louis with suburbs in Illinois and St. Louis County. It is one of the largest systems (by track mileage) in the United States. The <a href="/wiki/KC_Streetcar" title="KC Streetcar">KC Streetcar</a> in downtown Kansas City opened in May 2016.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Gateway_Multimodal_Transportation_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Gateway Multimodal Transportation Center">Gateway Multimodal Transportation Center</a> in St. Louis is the largest active multi-use transportation center in the state. It is in downtown St. Louis, next to the historic <a href="/wiki/Union_Station_(St._Louis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Station (St. Louis)">Union Station</a> complex. It serves as a hub center/station for MetroLink, the <a href="/wiki/St._Louis_MetroBus" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Louis MetroBus">MetroBus</a> regional bus system, <a href="/wiki/Greyhound_Lines" title="Greyhound Lines">Greyhound</a>, Amtrak, and taxi services. In 2018, a <a href="/wiki/Missouri_Hyperloop" title="Missouri Hyperloop">Missouri Hyperloop</a> was proposed to connect St. Louis, Kansas City, and Columbia, reducing travel time across the entire state to around a half hour.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> The project stalled in December, 2023, with the shutdown of the corporate partner <a href="/wiki/Hyperloop_One" title="Hyperloop One">Hyperloop One</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bus">Bus</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mississippi_from_Cardiff_Hill_in_Hannibal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Mississippi_from_Cardiff_Hill_in_Hannibal.jpg/250px-Mississippi_from_Cardiff_Hill_in_Hannibal.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 166px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Mississippi_from_Cardiff_Hill_in_Hannibal.jpg/250px-Mississippi_from_Cardiff_Hill_in_Hannibal.jpg" data-width="250" data-height="166" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Mississippi_from_Cardiff_Hill_in_Hannibal.jpg/375px-Mississippi_from_Cardiff_Hill_in_Hannibal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Mississippi_from_Cardiff_Hill_in_Hannibal.jpg/500px-Mississippi_from_Cardiff_Hill_in_Hannibal.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi River</a> at <a href="/wiki/Hannibal,_Missouri" title="Hannibal, Missouri">Hannibal</a></figcaption></figure> Many cities have regular fixed-route systems, and many rural counties have rural public transit services. <a href="/wiki/Greyhound_Lines" title="Greyhound Lines">Greyhound</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trailways" class="mw-redirect" title="Trailways">Trailways</a> provide inter-city bus service in Missouri. <a href="/wiki/Megabus_(North_America)" title="Megabus (North America)">Megabus</a> serves St. Louis, but discontinued service to Columbia and Kansas City in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rivers">Rivers</h3></div> The Mississippi River and Missouri River are commercially navigable over their entire lengths in Missouri. The Missouri was channelized through dredging and jetties, and the Mississippi was given a series of <a href="/wiki/Lock_(water_transport)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lock (water transport)">locks</a> and dams to avoid rocks and deepen the river. St. Louis is a major destination for barge traffic on the Mississippi. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roads">Roads</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Missouri_State_Highway_System" title="Missouri State Highway System">Missouri State Highway System</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Interstate_Highways_in_Missouri" title="List of Interstate Highways in Missouri">List of Interstate Highways in Missouri</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._Routes_in_Missouri" title="List of U.S. Routes in Missouri">List of U.S. Routes in Missouri</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_state_highways_in_Missouri" title="List of state highways in Missouri">List of state highways in Missouri</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Missouri_supplemental_route" title="Missouri supplemental route">Missouri supplemental route</a></div> Following the passage of Amendment 3 in late 2004, the <a href="/wiki/Missouri_Department_of_Transportation" title="Missouri Department of Transportation">Missouri Department of Transportation</a> (MoDOT) began its Smoother, Safer, Sooner road-building program with a goal of bringing 2,200 miles (3,500 km) of highways up to good condition by December 2007. From 2006 to 2011 traffic deaths have decreased annually from 1,257 in 2005, to 1,096 in 2006, to 992 in 2007, to 960 in 2008, to 878 in 2009, to 821 in 2010, to 786 in 2011.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="Government_and_politics">Government and politics</h2></div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Missouri" title="Government of Missouri">Government of Missouri</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Missouri" title="List of governors of Missouri">List of governors of Missouri</a></div> <table class="toccolours floatright" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="font-size: 80%"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ccccff;text-align:center;">Missouri Government </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Missouri" title="List of governors of Missouri">Governor of Missouri</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mike_Parson" title="Mike Parson">Mike Parson</a> (<a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican Party of the United States">R</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Missouri" title="Lieutenant Governor of Missouri">Lieutenant Governor of Missouri</a>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mike_Kehoe" title="Mike Kehoe">Mike Kehoe</a> (<a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican Party of the United States">R</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_Missouri_secretaries_of_state" title="List of Missouri secretaries of state">Missouri Secretary of State</a>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jay_Ashcroft" title="Jay Ashcroft">Jay Ashcroft</a> (<a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican Party of the United States">R</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Missouri" title="Cabinet of Missouri">Cabinet of Missouri</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/State_Auditor_of_Missouri" title="State Auditor of Missouri">Missouri State Auditor</a>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Scott_Fitzpatrick" title="Scott Fitzpatrick">Scott Fitzpatrick</a> (<a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican Party of the United States">R</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/State_Treasurer_of_Missouri" title="State Treasurer of Missouri">Missouri State Treasurer</a>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vivek_Malek" title="Vivek Malek">Vivek Malek</a> (<a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican Party of the United States">R</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_attorneys_general_of_Missouri" title="List of attorneys general of Missouri">Missouri Attorney General</a>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Bailey_(politician)" title="Andrew Bailey (politician)">Andrew Bailey</a> (<a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican Party of the United States">R</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senator</a>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Josh_Hawley" title="Josh Hawley">Josh Hawley</a> (<a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican Party of the United States">R</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senator</a>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eric_Schmitt" title="Eric Schmitt">Eric Schmitt</a> (<a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican Party of the United States">R</a>) </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MissouriCapitol.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/MissouriCapitol.jpg/220px-MissouriCapitol.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="913"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 126px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/MissouriCapitol.jpg/220px-MissouriCapitol.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="126" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/MissouriCapitol.jpg/330px-MissouriCapitol.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/MissouriCapitol.jpg/440px-MissouriCapitol.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Missouri_State_Capitol" title="Missouri State Capitol">Missouri State Capitol</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_City,_Missouri" title="Jefferson City, Missouri">Jefferson City</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Missouri-governor-mansion.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Missouri-governor-mansion.jpg/220px-Missouri-governor-mansion.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Missouri-governor-mansion.jpg/220px-Missouri-governor-mansion.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Missouri-governor-mansion.jpg/330px-Missouri-governor-mansion.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Missouri-governor-mansion.jpg/440px-Missouri-governor-mansion.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Missouri_Governor%27s_Mansion" title="Missouri Governor's Mansion">Missouri Governor's Mansion</a> is included in the <a href="/wiki/Missouri_State_Capitol_Historic_District" title="Missouri State Capitol Historic District">Missouri State Capitol Historic District</a>.</figcaption></figure> The Constitution of Missouri, the fourth constitution for the state, was adopted in 1945. It provides for three branches of government: the legislative, judicial, and executive branches. The legislative branch consists of two bodies: the <a href="/wiki/Missouri_House_of_Representatives" title="Missouri House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Missouri_Senate" title="Missouri Senate">Senate</a>. These bodies comprise the <a href="/wiki/Missouri_General_Assembly" title="Missouri General Assembly">Missouri General Assembly</a>. The House of Representatives has 163 members apportioned based on the last <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Census">decennial census</a>. The Senate consists of 34 members from districts of approximately equal populations. The judicial department comprises the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Missouri" title="Supreme Court of Missouri">Supreme Court of Missouri</a>, which has seven judges, the <a href="/wiki/Missouri_Court_of_Appeals" title="Missouri Court of Appeals">Missouri Court of Appeals</a> (an intermediate <a href="/wiki/Appellate_court" title="Appellate court">appellate court</a> divided into three districts), sitting in Kansas City, St. Louis, and Springfield, and 45 Circuit Courts which function as local trial courts. The executive branch is headed by the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governors of Missouri">Governor of Missouri</a> and includes five other statewide elected offices. Following the departure from office of State Auditor <a href="/wiki/Nicole_Galloway" title="Nicole Galloway">Nicole Galloway</a> on January 9, 2023, there are no Democrats holding statewide elected positions in Missouri.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> <a href="/wiki/Harry_S_Truman" class="mw-redirect" title="Harry S Truman">Harry S Truman</a> (1884–1972), the 33rd President of the United States (Democrat, 1945–1953), was born in <a href="/wiki/Lamar,_Missouri" title="Lamar, Missouri">Lamar</a>. He was a judge in <a href="/wiki/Jackson_County,_Missouri" title="Jackson County, Missouri">Jackson County</a> and then <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States Senators from Missouri">represented the state</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a> for ten years, before being elected vice-president in <a href="/wiki/1944_United_States_presidential_election" title="1944 United States presidential election">1944</a>. He lived in Independence after retiring as president in 1953. In a 2020 study, Missouri was ranked as 48th on the <a href="/wiki/Cost_of_Voting_Index" title="Cost of Voting Index">Cost of Voting Index</a> with only Texas and Georgia ranking higher.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> Missouri retains the <a href="/wiki/Death_penalty" class="mw-redirect" title="Death penalty">death penalty</a>. Authorized methods of execution include the <a href="/wiki/Gas_chamber" title="Gas chamber">gas chamber</a>.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> <a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Missouri" title="Abortion in Missouri">Abortion</a> is near-completely banned in Missouri.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Former_status_as_a_political_bellwether">Former status as a political bellwether</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Missouri_bellwether" title="Missouri bellwether">Missouri bellwether</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Political_party_strength_in_Missouri" title="Political party strength in Missouri">Political party strength in Missouri</a></div> Prior to 2008, Missouri had been widely regarded as a bellwether in American politics, often making it a <a href="/wiki/Swing_state" title="Swing state">swing state</a>. The state had a longer stretch of supporting the winning presidential candidate than any other state, having voted with the nation in every election from 1904 to 2004 with a single exception: <a href="/wiki/1956_United_States_presidential_election" title="1956 United States presidential election">1956</a> when Democratic candidate <a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_II" title="Adlai Stevenson II">Adlai Stevenson</a> of neighboring Illinois lost the election despite carrying Missouri. However, since 2000, Missouri has voted for the Republican Presidential candidate, with the last Democrat winning the state's electoral votes being <a href="/wiki/1996_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1996 United States presidential election in Missouri">Bill Clinton in 1996</a>. Missouri rejected Democrat <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> of neighboring Illinois in both of his successful campaigns in 2008 and 2012. Missouri voted for <a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney" title="Mitt Romney">Mitt Romney</a> by nearly 10% in 2012 and voted for <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> by over 18% in 2016 and 2024, and 15% in 2020. On October 24, 2012, there were 4,190,936 registered voters.<a href="#cite_note-registered-130">[130]</a> At the state level, both Democratic Senator <a href="/wiki/Claire_McCaskill" title="Claire McCaskill">Claire McCaskill</a> and Democratic Governor <a href="/wiki/Jay_Nixon" title="Jay Nixon">Jay Nixon</a> were re-elected. On November 3, 2020, there were 4,318,758 registered voters, with 3,026,028 voting (70.1%).<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> By this time, the state had favored more Republican candidates for federal offices. The offices held by Democratic party officials a decade before were subsequently held by Republican Senator <a href="/wiki/Josh_Hawley" title="Josh Hawley">Josh Hawley</a> and Republican Governor <a href="/wiki/Mike_Parson" title="Mike Parson">Mike Parson</a>. Missouri's accuracy rate for the last 29 presidential elections is now 89.66%. This percentage is on par with that of Ohio, which has voted for the winner of every presidential election since 1896, except in <a href="/wiki/1944_United_States_presidential_election" title="1944 United States presidential election">1944</a>, <a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_presidential_election" title="1960 United States presidential election">1960</a> and <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020</a>, with no Republican ever winning the White House without the state. <table class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible floatright" style="font-size: 95%;"> <caption>United States presidential election results for Missouri<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" rowspan="2">Year </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> / <a href="/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States)" title="Whig Party (United States)">Whig</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Third_party_(U.S._politics)" title="Third party (U.S. politics)">Third party(ies)</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>No. </th> <th scope="col">%</th> <th scope="col">No. </th> <th scope="col">%</th> <th scope="col">No. </th> <th scope="col">% </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="2024 United States presidential election in Missouri">2024</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">1,739,041 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">58.54% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">1,190,820 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">40.09% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">40,711 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">1.37% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="2020 United States presidential election in Missouri">2020</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">1,718,736 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">56.71% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">1,253,014 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">41.34% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">58,998 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">1.95% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="2016 United States presidential election in Missouri">2016</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">1,594,511 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">56.38% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">1,071,068 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">37.87% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">162,687 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">5.75% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="2012 United States presidential election in Missouri">2012</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">1,482,440 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">53.64% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">1,223,796 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">44.28% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">57,453 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">2.08% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="2008 United States presidential election in Missouri">2008</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">1,445,814 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">49.36% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">1,441,911 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">49.23% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">41,386 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">1.41% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="2004 United States presidential election in Missouri">2004</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">1,455,713 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">53.30% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">1,259,171 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">46.10% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">16,480 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0.60% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="2000 United States presidential election in Missouri">2000</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">1,189,924 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">50.42% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">1,111,138 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">47.08% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">58,830 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">2.49% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/1996_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1996 United States presidential election in Missouri">1996</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">890,016 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">41.24% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">1,025,935 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">47.54% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">242,114 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">11.22% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1992 United States presidential election in Missouri">1992</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">811,159 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">33.92% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">1,053,873 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">44.07% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">526,533 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">22.02% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/1988_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1988 United States presidential election in Missouri">1988</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">1,084,953 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">51.83% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">1,001,619 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">47.85% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">6,656 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0.32% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/1984_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1984 United States presidential election in Missouri">1984</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">1,274,188 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">60.02% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">848,583 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">39.98% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0.00% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1980 United States presidential election in Missouri">1980</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">1,074,181 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">51.16% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">931,182 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">44.35% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">94,461 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">4.50% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1976 United States presidential election in Missouri">1976</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">927,443 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">47.47% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">998,387 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">51.10% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">27,770 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">1.42% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/1972_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1972 United States presidential election in Missouri">1972</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">1,154,058 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">62.29% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">698,531 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">37.71% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0.00% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1968 United States presidential election in Missouri">1968</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">811,932 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">44.87% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">791,444 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">43.74% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">206,126 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">11.39% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/1964_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1964 United States presidential election in Missouri">1964</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">653,535 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">35.95% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">1,164,344 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">64.05% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0.00% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1960 United States presidential election in Missouri">1960</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">962,221 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">49.74% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">972,201 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">50.26% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0.00% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/1956_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1956 United States presidential election in Missouri">1956</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">914,289 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">49.89% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">918,273 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">50.11% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0.00% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/1952_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1952 United States presidential election in Missouri">1952</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">959,429 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">50.71% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">929,830 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">49.14% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">2,803 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0.15% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1948 United States presidential election in Missouri">1948</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">655,039 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">41.49% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">917,315 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">58.11% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">6,274 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0.40% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/1944_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1944 United States presidential election in Missouri">1944</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">761,524 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">48.43% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">807,804 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">51.37% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">3,146 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0.20% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1940 United States presidential election in Missouri">1940</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">871,009 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">47.50% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">958,476 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">52.27% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">4,244 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0.23% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/1936_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1936 United States presidential election in Missouri">1936</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">697,891 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">38.16% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">1,111,043 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">60.76% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">19,701 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">1.08% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/1932_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1932 United States presidential election in Missouri">1932</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">564,713 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">35.08% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">1,025,406 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">63.69% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">19,775 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">1.23% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/1928_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1928 United States presidential election in Missouri">1928</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">834,080 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">55.58% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">662,562 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">44.15% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">4,079 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0.27% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/1924_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1924 United States presidential election in Missouri">1924</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">648,486 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">49.58% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">572,753 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">43.79% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">86,719 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">6.63% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1920 United States presidential election in Missouri">1920</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">727,162 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">54.56% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">574,799 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">43.13% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">30,839 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">2.31% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/1916_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1916 United States presidential election in Missouri">1916</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">369,339 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">46.94% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">398,032 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">50.59% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">19,398 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">2.47% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1912 United States presidential election in Missouri">1912</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">207,821 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">29.75% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">330,746 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">47.35% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">159,999 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">22.90% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/1908_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1908 United States presidential election in Missouri">1908</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">347,203 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">48.50% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">346,574 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">48.41% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">22,150 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">3.09% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/1904_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1904 United States presidential election in Missouri">1904</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">321,449 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">49.93% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">296,312 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">46.02% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">26,100 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">4.05% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/1900_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1900 United States presidential election in Missouri">1900</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">314,092 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">45.94% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">351,922 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">51.48% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">17,642 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">2.58% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/1896_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1896 United States presidential election in Missouri">1896</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">304,940 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">45.25% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">363,667 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">53.96% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">5,299 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0.79% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/1892_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1892 United States presidential election in Missouri">1892</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">227,646 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">42.03% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">268,400 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">49.56% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">45,537 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">8.41% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/1888_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1888 United States presidential election in Missouri">1888</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">236,252 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">45.31% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">261,943 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">50.24% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">23,165 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">4.44% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/1884_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1884 United States presidential election in Missouri">1884</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">203,081 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">46.02% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">236,023 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">53.49% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">2,164 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0.49% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/1880_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1880 United States presidential election in Missouri">1880</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">153,647 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">38.67% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">208,600 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">52.51% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">35,042 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">8.82% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/1876_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1876 United States presidential election in Missouri">1876</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">145,027 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">41.36% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">202,086 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">57.64% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">3,497 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">1.00% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/1872_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1872 United States presidential election in Missouri">1872</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">119,196 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">43.65% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">151,434 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">55.46% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">2,429 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0.89% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/1868_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1868 United States presidential election in Missouri">1868</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">86,860 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">56.96% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">65,628 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">43.04% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0.00% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/1864_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1864 United States presidential election in Missouri">1864</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">72,750 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">69.72% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">31,596 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">30.28% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0.00% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/1860_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1860 United States presidential election in Missouri">1860</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">17,028 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">10.28% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">58,801 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">35.52% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">89,734 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">54.20% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1856 United States presidential election in Missouri">1856</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">0 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">0.00% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">57,964 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">54.43% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">48,522 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">45.57% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/1852_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1852 United States presidential election in Missouri">1852</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#F0C862">29,984 </td> <td style="background-color:#F0C862">43.58% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">38,817 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">56.42% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0.00% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/1848_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1848 United States presidential election in Missouri">1848</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#F0C862">32,671 </td> <td style="background-color:#F0C862">44.91% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">40,077 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">55.09% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0.00% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/1844_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1844 United States presidential election in Missouri">1844</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#F0C862">31,200 </td> <td style="background-color:#F0C862">43.02% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">41,322 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">56.98% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0.00% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/1840_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1840 United States presidential election in Missouri">1840</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#F0C862">22,954 </td> <td style="background-color:#F0C862">43.37% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">29,969 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">56.63% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0.00% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/1836_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1836 United States presidential election in Missouri">1836</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#F0C862">7,337 </td> <td style="background-color:#F0C862">40.02% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">10,995 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">59.98% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0.00% </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Laissez-faire_alcohol_and_tobacco_laws">Laissez-faire alcohol and tobacco laws</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_laws_of_Missouri" title="Alcohol laws of Missouri">Alcohol laws of Missouri</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_smoking_bans_in_the_United_States#Missouri" title="List of smoking bans in the United States">List of smoking bans in the United States § Missouri</a></div> Missouri has been known for its population's generally "stalwart, conservative, noncredulous" attitude toward regulatory regimes, which is one of the origins of the state's unofficial nickname, the "Show-Me State".<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> As a result, and combined with the fact that Missouri is one of America's leading alcohol states, regulation of alcohol and tobacco in Missouri is among the most <a href="/wiki/Laissez-faire" title="Laissez-faire">laissez-faire</a> in America. For 2013, the annual "Freedom in the 50 States" study prepared by the <a href="/wiki/Mercatus_Center" title="Mercatus Center">Mercatus Center</a> at <a href="/wiki/George_Mason_University" title="George Mason University">George Mason University</a> ranked Missouri as #3 in America for alcohol freedom and #1 for tobacco freedom (#7 for freedom overall).<a href="#cite_note-gmufreedom-134">[134]</a> The study notes that Missouri's "alcohol regime is one of the least restrictive in the United States, with no <a href="/wiki/Blue_laws" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue laws">blue laws</a> and taxes well below average", and that "Missouri ranks best in the nation on tobacco freedom".<a href="#cite_note-gmufreedom-134">[134]</a> Missouri law makes it "an improper employment practice" for an employer to refuse to hire, to fire, or otherwise to disadvantage any person because that person lawfully uses alcohol or tobacco products outside of work.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> With a large German immigrant population and the development of a brewing industry, Missouri always has had among the most permissive <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_laws_of_the_United_States_by_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcohol laws of the United States by state">alcohol laws in the United States</a>. It has never enacted statewide <a href="/wiki/Prohibition_in_the_United_States" title="Prohibition in the United States">prohibition</a>. Missouri voters rejected prohibition in three separate referendums in 1910, 1912, and 1918. Alcohol regulation did not begin in Missouri until 1934. Today, alcohol laws are controlled by the state government, and local jurisdictions are prohibited from going beyond those state laws. Missouri has no statewide <a href="/wiki/United_States_open_container_laws" class="mw-redirect" title="United States open container laws">open container law</a> or prohibition on <a href="/wiki/Drinking_in_public" title="Drinking in public">drinking in public</a>, no alcohol-related <a href="/wiki/Blue_law" title="Blue law">blue laws</a>, no <a href="/wiki/Local_option" title="Local option">local option</a>, no precise locations for selling liquor by the package (allowing even <a href="/wiki/Drug_store" class="mw-redirect" title="Drug store">drug stores</a> and <a href="/wiki/Filling_station" title="Filling station">filling stations</a> to sell any kind of liquor), and no differentiation of laws based on alcohol percentage. State law protects persons from arrest or criminal penalty for <a href="/wiki/Public_intoxication" title="Public intoxication">public intoxication</a>.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> Missouri law expressly prohibits any jurisdiction from going <a href="/wiki/Dry_county" title="Dry county">dry</a>.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> Missouri law also expressly allows parents and guardians to serve alcohol to their children.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Power_%26_Light_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Power & Light District">Power & Light District</a> in Kansas City is one of the few places in the United States where a state law explicitly allows persons over 21 to possess and consume open containers of alcohol in the street (as long as the beverage is in a plastic cup).<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> As for tobacco (as of July 2016), Missouri has the lowest cigarette excise taxes in the United States, at 17 cents per pack,<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> and the state electorate voted in 2002, 2006, 2012, and twice in 2016 to keep it that way.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> In 2007, <a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a> named Missouri's largest metropolitan area, <a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis</a>, America's "best city for smokers".<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a>, in 2008 Missouri had the fourth highest percentage of adult smokers among U.S. states, at 24.5%.<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> Although federal law prohibits the sale of tobacco to persons under 21, tobacco products can be distributed to persons under 21 by family members on private property.<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> No statewide <a href="/wiki/Smoking_ban" title="Smoking ban">smoking ban</a> ever has been seriously entertained before the <a href="/wiki/Missouri_General_Assembly" title="Missouri General Assembly">Missouri General Assembly</a>, and in October 2008, a statewide survey by the Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services found that only 27.5% of Missourians support a statewide ban on smoking in all bars and restaurants.<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> Missouri state law permits restaurants seating less than 50 people, bars, bowling alleys, and billiard parlors to decide their own smoking policies, without limitation.<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri,_2016.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri%2C_2016.svg/220px-United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri%2C_2016.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="243" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2904" data-file-height="3201"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 243px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri%2C_2016.svg/220px-United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri%2C_2016.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="243" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri%2C_2016.svg/330px-United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri%2C_2016.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri%2C_2016.svg/440px-United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri%2C_2016.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Treemap" class="mw-redirect" title="Treemap">Treemap</a> of the popular vote by county, 2016 presidential election</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cannabis_laws">Cannabis laws</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Missouri" title="Cannabis in Missouri">Cannabis in Missouri</a></div> In 2014, a Republican-led legislature and Democratic governor <a href="/wiki/Jay_Nixon" title="Jay Nixon">Jay Nixon</a> enacted a series of laws to partially decriminalize possession of cannabis by making first-time possession of up to 10 grams no longer punishable with jail time and legalizing <a href="/wiki/Cannabidiol" title="Cannabidiol">CBD</a> oil. In November 2018, <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Missouri" title="Cannabis in Missouri">66% of voters approved</a> a constitutional amendment that established a right to medical marijuana and a system for licensing, regulating, and taxing medical marijuana. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Counties">Counties</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Missouri" title="List of counties in Missouri">List of counties in Missouri</a></div> Missouri has 114 counties and one <a href="/wiki/Independent_city_(United_States)" title="Independent city (United States)">independent city</a>, St. Louis, which is Missouri's most densely populated—5,140 people per square mile. The largest counties by population are <a href="/wiki/St._Louis_County,_Missouri" title="St. Louis County, Missouri">St. Louis</a> (996,726), <a href="/wiki/Jackson_County,_Missouri" title="Jackson County, Missouri">Jackson</a> (698,895), and <a href="/wiki/St._Charles_County,_Missouri" title="St. Charles County, Missouri">St. Charles</a> (395,504). Worth County is the smallest (2,057). The largest counties by size are <a href="/wiki/Texas_County,_Missouri" title="Texas County, Missouri">Texas</a> (1,179 square miles) and <a href="/wiki/Shannon_County,_Missouri" title="Shannon County, Missouri">Shannon</a> (1,004). <a href="/wiki/Worth_County,_Missouri" title="Worth County, Missouri">Worth County</a> is the smallest (266). </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="Cities_and_towns">Cities and towns</h2></div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Missouri" title="List of cities in Missouri">List of cities in Missouri</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_and_villages_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="List of towns and villages in Missouri">List of towns and villages in Missouri</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1219497266">.mw-parser-output .largestCities-table-background{background:#f9f9f9;color:#222}.mw-parser-output .largestCities-cell-background{background:#f0f0f0;color:#222}</style> <div> <table style="font-size:88%;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 100%; border: 1px solid darkgray;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="10" style="padding:0.3em 0.75em;"><div style="float:right; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div><div style="float:left; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div> <div style="height:2.6em;line-height:1.3em;">Largest cities or towns in Missouri <div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal;">Source:<a href="#cite_note-largest-149">[149]</a></div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <th></th> <th>Rank </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Missouri" title="List of cities in Missouri">Name</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="Counties of Missouri">County</a> </th> <th>Pop. </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:Kansas_City,_Missouri,_USA_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kansas City"><noscript><img alt="Kansas City" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Kansas_City%2C_Missouri%2C_USA_-_panoramio.jpg/120px-Kansas_City%2C_Missouri%2C_USA_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="87" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2608" data-file-height="1890"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 87px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Kansas_City%2C_Missouri%2C_USA_-_panoramio.jpg/120px-Kansas_City%2C_Missouri%2C_USA_-_panoramio.jpg" data-alt="Kansas City" data-width="120" data-height="87" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Kansas_City%2C_Missouri%2C_USA_-_panoramio.jpg/180px-Kansas_City%2C_Missouri%2C_USA_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Kansas_City%2C_Missouri%2C_USA_-_panoramio.jpg/240px-Kansas_City%2C_Missouri%2C_USA_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri" title="Kansas City, Missouri">Kansas City</a> <a href="/wiki/File:St_Louis_night_expblend.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="St. Louis"><noscript><img alt="St. Louis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/St_Louis_night_expblend.jpg/120px-St_Louis_night_expblend.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="77" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1929"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 77px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/St_Louis_night_expblend.jpg/120px-St_Louis_night_expblend.jpg" data-alt="St. Louis" data-width="120" data-height="77" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/St_Louis_night_expblend.jpg/180px-St_Louis_night_expblend.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/St_Louis_night_expblend.jpg/240px-St_Louis_night_expblend.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/St._Louis,_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Louis, Missouri">St. Louis</a> </td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">1</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri" title="Kansas City, Missouri">Kansas City</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri" title="Kansas City, Missouri">Jackson, Clay, Platte, and Cass</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">509,297 </td> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:ParkCentralSquarefountainbyCVBCS.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Springfield"><noscript><img alt="Springfield" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/ParkCentralSquarefountainbyCVBCS.jpg/120px-ParkCentralSquarefountainbyCVBCS.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2917" data-file-height="1945"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 80px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/ParkCentralSquarefountainbyCVBCS.jpg/120px-ParkCentralSquarefountainbyCVBCS.jpg" data-alt="Springfield" data-width="120" data-height="80" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/ParkCentralSquarefountainbyCVBCS.jpg/180px-ParkCentralSquarefountainbyCVBCS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/ParkCentralSquarefountainbyCVBCS.jpg/240px-ParkCentralSquarefountainbyCVBCS.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Missouri" title="Springfield, Missouri">Springfield</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Mizzou_Jesse_Thumb.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Columbia"><noscript><img alt="Columbia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Mizzou_Jesse_Thumb.jpg/120px-Mizzou_Jesse_Thumb.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="85" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="351" data-file-height="248"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 85px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Mizzou_Jesse_Thumb.jpg/120px-Mizzou_Jesse_Thumb.jpg" data-alt="Columbia" data-width="120" data-height="85" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Mizzou_Jesse_Thumb.jpg/180px-Mizzou_Jesse_Thumb.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Mizzou_Jesse_Thumb.jpg/240px-Mizzou_Jesse_Thumb.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Columbia,_Missouri" title="Columbia, Missouri">Columbia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">2</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/St._Louis,_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Louis, Missouri">St. Louis</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/St._Louis,_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Louis, Missouri">Independent city</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">286,578 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">3</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Missouri" title="Springfield, Missouri">Springfield</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Greene_County,_Missouri" title="Greene County, Missouri">Greene</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">170,067 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">4</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Columbia,_Missouri" title="Columbia, Missouri">Columbia</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Boone_County,_Missouri" title="Boone County, Missouri">Boone</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">128,555 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">5</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Independence,_Missouri" title="Independence, Missouri">Independence</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Jackson_County,_Missouri" title="Jackson County, Missouri">Jackson</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">121,202 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">6</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Lee%27s_Summit,_Missouri" title="Lee's Summit, Missouri">Lee's Summit</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Jackson_County,_Missouri" title="Jackson County, Missouri">Jackson and Cass</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">103,465 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">7</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/O%27Fallon,_Missouri" title="O'Fallon, Missouri">O'Fallon</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Saint_Charles_County,_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Charles County, Missouri">St. Charles</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">93,663 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">8</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/St._Charles,_Missouri" title="St. Charles, Missouri">St. Charles</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Saint_Charles_County,_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Charles County, Missouri">St. Charles</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">71,184 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">9</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/St._Joseph,_Missouri" title="St. Joseph, Missouri">St. Joseph</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Buchanan_County,_Missouri" title="Buchanan County, Missouri">Buchanan</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">70,656 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">10</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Blue_Springs,_Missouri" title="Blue Springs, Missouri">Blue Springs</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Jackson_County,_Missouri" title="Jackson County, Missouri">Jackson</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">59,518 </td></tr> </tbody></table></div> Jefferson City is the capital city of Missouri, while the state's five largest cities are Kansas City, St. Louis, Springfield, <a href="/wiki/Columbia,_Missouri" title="Columbia, Missouri">Columbia</a>, and Independence.<a href="#cite_note-largest-149">[149]</a> St. Louis is the principal city of the largest metropolitan area in Missouri, composed of 17 counties and the independent city of St. Louis; eight of its counties are in Illinois. As of 2022, St. Louis was the <a href="/wiki/United_States_metropolitan_area#Top" class="mw-redirect" title="United States metropolitan area">21st-largest metropolitan area</a> in the nation with 2.80 million people. If ranked using <a href="/wiki/Combined_Statistical_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Combined Statistical Area">Combined Statistical Area</a>, it is also the <a href="/wiki/Table_of_United_States_Combined_Statistical_Areas" class="mw-redirect" title="Table of United States Combined Statistical Areas">21st-largest with 2.91 million people</a> in 2022. Some of the major cities making up the St. Louis metro area in Missouri are <a href="/wiki/O%27Fallon,_Missouri" title="O'Fallon, Missouri">O'Fallon</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._Charles,_Missouri" title="St. Charles, Missouri">St. Charles</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._Peters,_Missouri" title="St. Peters, Missouri">St. Peters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Florissant,_Missouri" title="Florissant, Missouri">Florissant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chesterfield,_Missouri" title="Chesterfield, Missouri">Chesterfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wentzville,_Missouri" title="Wentzville, Missouri">Wentzville</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wildwood,_Missouri" title="Wildwood, Missouri">Wildwood</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_City,_Missouri" title="University City, Missouri">University City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ballwin,_Missouri" title="Ballwin, Missouri">Ballwin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kirkwood,_Missouri" title="Kirkwood, Missouri">Kirkwood</a>. Kansas City is Missouri's largest city and the principal city of the fourteen-county <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_Metropolitan_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Kansas City Metropolitan Area">Kansas City Metropolitan Statistical Area</a>, including five counties in the state of Kansas. As of 2022, it was the 31st-largest metropolitan area in the U.S., with 2.21 million people. In the <a href="/wiki/Combined_Statistical_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Combined Statistical Area">Combined Statistical Area</a> in 2022, it ranked 29th with 2.55 million. Some of the other major cities comprising the Kansas City metro area in Missouri include <a href="/wiki/Independence,_Missouri" title="Independence, Missouri">Independence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lee%27s_Summit,_Missouri" title="Lee's Summit, Missouri">Lee's Summit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blue_Springs,_Missouri" title="Blue Springs, Missouri">Blue Springs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liberty,_Missouri" title="Liberty, Missouri">Liberty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raytown,_Missouri" title="Raytown, Missouri">Raytown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gladstone,_Missouri" title="Gladstone, Missouri">Gladstone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grandview,_Missouri" title="Grandview, Missouri">Grandview</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Belton,_Missouri" title="Belton, Missouri">Belton</a>. Springfield is Missouri's third-largest city and the principal city of the <a href="/wiki/Springfield-Branson,_Missouri_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Springfield-Branson, Missouri metropolitan area">Springfield-Branson Metropolitan Area</a>, which has a population of 549,423 and includes seven counties in southwestern Missouri. <a href="/wiki/Branson,_Missouri" title="Branson, Missouri">Branson</a> is a major tourist attraction in the <a href="/wiki/The_Ozarks" class="mw-redirect" title="The Ozarks">Ozarks</a> in southwest Missouri. Some of the other major cities comprising the Springfield-Branson metro area include <a href="/wiki/Nixa,_Missouri" title="Nixa, Missouri">Nixa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ozark,_Missouri" title="Ozark, Missouri">Ozark</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Republic,_Missouri" title="Republic, Missouri">Republic</a>. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2></div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Missouri" title="Special:EditPage/Missouri">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2020) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Missouri" title="Education in Missouri">Education in Missouri</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Missouri_Virtual_Instruction_Program" title="Missouri Virtual Instruction Program">Missouri Virtual Instruction Program</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Missouri_State_Board_of_Education">Missouri State Board of Education</h3></div> The <a href="/wiki/Missouri_State_Board_of_Education" title="Missouri State Board of Education">Missouri State Board of Education</a> has general authority over all public education in the state of Missouri. It is made up of eight citizens appointed by the governor and confirmed by the Missouri Senate. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary_and_secondary_schools">Primary and secondary schools</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_school_districts_in_Missouri" title="List of school districts in Missouri">List of school districts in Missouri</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_high_schools_in_Missouri" title="List of high schools in Missouri">List of high schools in Missouri</a></div> Education is compulsory from ages seven to seventeen. It is required that any parent, guardian, or another person with custody of a child between the ages of seven and seventeen, the compulsory attendance age for the district, must ensure the child is enrolled in and regularly attends public, private, parochial school, home school or a combination of schools for the full term of the school year. Compulsory attendance also ends when children complete sixteen credits in high school. Children in Missouri between the ages of five and seven are not required to be enrolled in school. However, if they are enrolled in a public school, their parent, guardian, or custodian must ensure they regularly attend. Missouri schools are commonly but not exclusively divided into three tiers of primary and secondary education: elementary school, <a href="/wiki/Middle_school" title="Middle school">middle school</a> or <a href="/wiki/Junior_high_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Junior high school">junior high school</a> and high school. The public school system includes kindergarten to 12th grade. District territories are often complex in structure. In some cases, elementary, middle, and junior high schools of a single district feed into high schools in another district. As another example, special education and related services for students in the twenty-two school districts of St. Louis County are provided by staff employed by a special school district, a local education agency that serves students county-wide. High school athletics and competitions are governed by the <a href="/wiki/Missouri_State_High_School_Activities_Association" title="Missouri State High School Activities Association">Missouri State High School Activities Association</a> (MSHSAA). <a href="/wiki/Homeschooling" title="Homeschooling">Homeschooling</a> is legal in Missouri and is an option to meet the compulsory education requirement. It is neither monitored nor regulated by the state's Department of Elementary and Secondary Education.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> Another gifted school is the <a href="/wiki/Missouri_Academy_of_Science,_Mathematics_and_Computing" class="mw-redirect" title="Missouri Academy of Science, Mathematics and Computing">Missouri Academy of Science, Mathematics and Computing</a>, which is at the <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Missouri_State_University" title="Northwest Missouri State University">Northwest Missouri State University</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colleges_and_universities">Colleges and universities</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_colleges_and_universities_in_Missouri" title="List of colleges and universities in Missouri">List of colleges and universities in Missouri</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_defunct_colleges_and_universities_in_Missouri" title="List of defunct colleges and universities in Missouri">List of defunct colleges and universities in Missouri</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:University_of_Missouri_-_Jesse_Hall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/University_of_Missouri_-_Jesse_Hall.jpg/220px-University_of_Missouri_-_Jesse_Hall.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/University_of_Missouri_-_Jesse_Hall.jpg/220px-University_of_Missouri_-_Jesse_Hall.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/University_of_Missouri_-_Jesse_Hall.jpg/330px-University_of_Missouri_-_Jesse_Hall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/University_of_Missouri_-_Jesse_Hall.jpg/440px-University_of_Missouri_-_Jesse_Hall.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Hall" title="Jesse Hall">Jesse Hall</a> on the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Missouri" title="University of Missouri">University of Missouri</a> campus</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brookings.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Brookings.jpg/220px-Brookings.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1157" data-file-height="744"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 141px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Brookings.jpg/220px-Brookings.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="141" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Brookings.jpg/330px-Brookings.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Brookings.jpg/440px-Brookings.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Brookings Hall at <a href="/wiki/Washington_University_in_St._Louis" title="Washington University in St. Louis">Washington University in St. Louis</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Missouri_System" title="University of Missouri System">University of Missouri System</a> is Missouri's statewide public university system. The flagship institution and largest university in the state is the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Missouri" title="University of Missouri">University of Missouri</a> in <a href="/wiki/Columbia,_Missouri" title="Columbia, Missouri">Columbia</a>. The others in the system are <a href="/wiki/University_of_Missouri%E2%80%93Kansas_City" title="University of Missouri–Kansas City">University of Missouri–Kansas City</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Missouri%E2%80%93St._Louis" title="University of Missouri–St. Louis">University of Missouri–St. Louis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Missouri_University_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Missouri University of Science and Technology">Missouri University of Science and Technology</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rolla,_Missouri" title="Rolla, Missouri">Rolla</a>. During the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, the state established a series of <a href="/wiki/Normal_school" title="Normal school">normal schools</a> in each region of the state, originally named after the geographic districts: Northeast Missouri State University (now <a href="/wiki/Truman_State_University" title="Truman State University">Truman State University</a>) (1867), Central Missouri State University (now the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Central_Missouri" title="University of Central Missouri">University of Central Missouri</a>) (1871), <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Missouri_State_University" title="Southeast Missouri State University">Southeast Missouri State University</a> (1873), Southwest Missouri State University (now <a href="/wiki/Missouri_State_University" title="Missouri State University">Missouri State University</a>) (1905), <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Missouri_State_University" title="Northwest Missouri State University">Northwest Missouri State University</a> (1905), <a href="/wiki/Missouri_Western_State_University" title="Missouri Western State University">Missouri Western State University</a> (1915), <a href="/wiki/Maryville_University" title="Maryville University">Maryville University</a> (1872) and <a href="/wiki/Missouri_Southern_State_University" title="Missouri Southern State University">Missouri Southern State University</a> (1937). <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_University_(Missouri)" title="Lincoln University (Missouri)">Lincoln University</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harris%E2%80%93Stowe_State_University" title="Harris–Stowe State University">Harris–Stowe State University</a> were established in the mid-nineteenth century and are <a href="/wiki/Historically_black_colleges_and_universities" title="Historically black colleges and universities">historically black colleges and universities</a>. Among private institutions <a href="/wiki/Washington_University_in_St._Louis" title="Washington University in St. Louis">Washington University in St. Louis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saint_Louis_University" title="Saint Louis University">Saint Louis University</a> are two top ranked schools in the US.<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> There are numerous junior colleges, trade schools, church universities and other private universities in the state. <a href="/wiki/A.T._Still_University" title="A.T. Still University">A.T. Still University</a> was the first <a href="/wiki/Osteopathic" class="mw-redirect" title="Osteopathic">osteopathic</a> medical school in the world. <a href="/wiki/Hannibal%E2%80%93LaGrange_University" title="Hannibal–LaGrange University">Hannibal–LaGrange University</a> in Hannibal, Missouri, was one of the first colleges west of the Mississippi (founded 1858 in LaGrange, Missouri, and moved to Hannibal in 1928).<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> The state funds a $3000, renewable merit-based scholarship, <a href="/wiki/Bright_Flight_(Missouri_scholarship)" title="Bright Flight (Missouri scholarship)">Bright Flight</a>, given to the top three percent of Missouri high school graduates who attend a university in-state. The 19th-century border wars between Missouri and Kansas have continued as a sports rivalry between the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Missouri" title="University of Missouri">University of Missouri</a> and <a href="/wiki/University_of_Kansas" title="University of Kansas">University of Kansas</a>. The rivalry was chiefly expressed through football and basketball games between the two universities, but since Missouri left the <a href="/wiki/Big_12_Conference" title="Big 12 Conference">Big 12 Conference</a> in 2012, the teams no longer regularly play one another. It was the oldest college rivalry west of the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi River</a> and the second-oldest in the nation. Each year when the universities met to play, the game was coined the "Border War". Following the game, an exchange occurred where the winner took a historic Indian War Drum, which had been passed back and forth for decades. Though Missouri and Kansas no longer have an annual game after the University of Missouri moved to the <a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Conference" title="Southeastern Conference">Southeastern Conference</a>, rivalry still exists between them. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2></div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Missouri" title="Music of Missouri">Music of Missouri</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Gem_Theatre.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/The_Gem_Theatre.jpg/220px-The_Gem_Theatre.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/The_Gem_Theatre.jpg/220px-The_Gem_Theatre.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/The_Gem_Theatre.jpg/330px-The_Gem_Theatre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/The_Gem_Theatre.jpg/440px-The_Gem_Theatre.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The historic Gem Theatre, located in Kansas City's renowned <a href="/wiki/18th_and_Vine_Jazz_District" class="mw-redirect" title="18th and Vine Jazz District">18th and Vine Jazz District</a></figcaption></figure> Many well-known musicians were born or have lived in Missouri. These include guitarist and rock pioneer <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Berry" title="Chuck Berry">Chuck Berry</a>, singer and actress <a href="/wiki/Josephine_Baker" title="Josephine Baker">Josephine Baker</a>, "Queen of Rock" <a href="/wiki/Tina_Turner" title="Tina Turner">Tina Turner</a>, pop singer-songwriter <a href="/wiki/Sheryl_Crow" title="Sheryl Crow">Sheryl Crow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_McDonald_(singer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael McDonald (singer)">Michael McDonald</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Doobie_Brothers" class="mw-redirect" title="Doobie Brothers">Doobie Brothers</a>, rap producer <a href="/wiki/Metro_Boomin" title="Metro Boomin">Metro Boomin</a>, and rappers <a href="/wiki/Nelly" title="Nelly">Nelly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chingy" title="Chingy">Chingy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Akon" title="Akon">Akon</a>, all of whom are either current or former residents of St. Louis. Country singers from Missouri include Perryville native <a href="/wiki/Chris_Janson" title="Chris Janson">Chris Janson</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Franklin,_Missouri" title="New Franklin, Missouri">New Franklin</a> native <a href="/wiki/Sara_Evans" title="Sara Evans">Sara Evans</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._Francois_County,_Missouri" title="St. Francois County, Missouri">Cantwell</a> native <a href="/wiki/Ferlin_Husky" title="Ferlin Husky">Ferlin Husky</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Plains,_Missouri" title="West Plains, Missouri">West Plains</a> native <a href="/wiki/Porter_Wagoner" title="Porter Wagoner">Porter Wagoner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tyler_Farr" title="Tyler Farr">Tyler Farr</a> of <a href="/wiki/Garden_City,_Missouri" title="Garden City, Missouri">Garden City</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mora,_Missouri" title="Mora, Missouri">Mora</a> native <a href="/wiki/Leroy_Van_Dyke" title="Leroy Van Dyke">Leroy Van Dyke</a>, along with bluegrass musician <a href="/wiki/Rhonda_Vincent" title="Rhonda Vincent">Rhonda Vincent</a>, a native of <a href="/wiki/Greentop,_Missouri" title="Greentop, Missouri">Greentop</a>. Rapper <a href="/wiki/Eminem" title="Eminem">Eminem</a> was born in St. Joseph and also lived in Savannah and Kansas City. Ragtime composer <a href="/wiki/Scott_Joplin" title="Scott Joplin">Scott Joplin</a> lived in St. Louis and Sedalia. Jazz saxophonist <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Parker" title="Charlie Parker">Charlie Parker</a> lived in Kansas City. Rock and Roll singer <a href="/wiki/Steve_Walsh_(musician)" title="Steve Walsh (musician)">Steve Walsh</a> of the group <a href="/wiki/Kansas_(band)" title="Kansas (band)">Kansas</a> was born in St. Louis and grew up in St. Joseph. The <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_Symphony" title="Kansas City Symphony">Kansas City Symphony</a> and the <a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Symphony_Orchestra" title="St. Louis Symphony Orchestra">St. Louis Symphony Orchestra</a> are the state's major orchestras. The latter is the nation's second-oldest symphony orchestra and achieved prominence in recent years under conductor <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Slatkin" title="Leonard Slatkin">Leonard Slatkin</a>. <a href="/wiki/Branson,_Missouri" title="Branson, Missouri">Branson</a> is well known for its music theaters, most of which bear the name of a star performer or musical group. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3></div> Missouri is the native state of <a href="/wiki/Mark_Twain" title="Mark Twain">Mark Twain</a>. His novels <a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Tom_Sawyer" title="The Adventures of Tom Sawyer">The Adventures of Tom Sawyer</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Huckleberry_Finn" class="mw-redirect" title="The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn">The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn</a> are set in his boyhood hometown of <a href="/wiki/Hannibal,_Missouri" title="Hannibal, Missouri">Hannibal</a>. Authors <a href="/wiki/Kate_Chopin" title="Kate Chopin">Kate Chopin</a>, <a href="/wiki/T._S._Eliot" title="T. S. Eliot">T. S. Eliot</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Williams" title="Tennessee Williams">Tennessee Williams</a> were from St. Louis. Kansas City-born writer <a href="/wiki/William_Least_Heat-Moon" title="William Least Heat-Moon">William Least Heat-Moon</a> resides in <a href="/wiki/Rocheport,_Missouri" title="Rocheport, Missouri">Rocheport</a>. He is best known for <a href="/wiki/Blue_Highways" title="Blue Highways">Blue Highways</a>, a chronicle of his travels to small towns across America, which was on The New York Times Bestseller list for 42 weeks in 1982–1983. Novelist <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Woodrell" title="Daniel Woodrell">Daniel Woodrell</a>, known for depicting life in the Missouri Ozarks, was born in Springfield and lives in West Plains. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mark_Twain%27s_Boyhood_Home;_Hannibal,_MO.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Mark_Twain%27s_Boyhood_Home%3B_Hannibal%2C_MO.jpg/220px-Mark_Twain%27s_Boyhood_Home%3B_Hannibal%2C_MO.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="913" data-file-height="738"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 178px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Mark_Twain%27s_Boyhood_Home%3B_Hannibal%2C_MO.jpg/220px-Mark_Twain%27s_Boyhood_Home%3B_Hannibal%2C_MO.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="178" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Mark_Twain%27s_Boyhood_Home%3B_Hannibal%2C_MO.jpg/330px-Mark_Twain%27s_Boyhood_Home%3B_Hannibal%2C_MO.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Mark_Twain%27s_Boyhood_Home%3B_Hannibal%2C_MO.jpg/440px-Mark_Twain%27s_Boyhood_Home%3B_Hannibal%2C_MO.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Mark Twain's boyhood home in <a href="/wiki/Hannibal,_Missouri" title="Hannibal, Missouri">Hannibal</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Missouri" title="Sports in Missouri">Sports in Missouri</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Major_sports_by_state.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Major_sports_by_state.svg/250px-Major_sports_by_state.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="216" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="927" data-file-height="800"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 216px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Major_sports_by_state.svg/250px-Major_sports_by_state.svg.png" data-width="250" data-height="216" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Major_sports_by_state.svg/375px-Major_sports_by_state.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Major_sports_by_state.svg/500px-Major_sports_by_state.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Missouri has five major sports teams: the <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_Royals" title="Kansas City Royals">Royals</a> and <a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Cardinals" title="St. Louis Cardinals">Cardinals</a> of <a href="/wiki/MLB" class="mw-redirect" title="MLB">MLB</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._Louis_City_SC" title="St. Louis City SC">St. Louis City SC</a> of <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Soccer" title="Major League Soccer">MLS</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_Chiefs" title="Kansas City Chiefs">Chiefs</a> of the <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">NFL</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Blues" title="St. Louis Blues">Blues</a> of the <a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">NHL</a>.</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Art_Wall_KC_Chiefs_Westport_Alehouse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Art_Wall_KC_Chiefs_Westport_Alehouse.jpg/220px-Art_Wall_KC_Chiefs_Westport_Alehouse.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1174" data-file-height="880"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Art_Wall_KC_Chiefs_Westport_Alehouse.jpg/220px-Art_Wall_KC_Chiefs_Westport_Alehouse.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Art_Wall_KC_Chiefs_Westport_Alehouse.jpg/330px-Art_Wall_KC_Chiefs_Westport_Alehouse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Art_Wall_KC_Chiefs_Westport_Alehouse.jpg/440px-Art_Wall_KC_Chiefs_Westport_Alehouse.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>A mural honoring the Kansas City Chiefs on the wall of the Westport Alehouse in Kansas City, MO.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Busch_Pano_2022.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Busch_Pano_2022.jpg/220px-Busch_Pano_2022.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="109" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="7915" data-file-height="3918"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 109px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Busch_Pano_2022.jpg/220px-Busch_Pano_2022.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="109" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Busch_Pano_2022.jpg/330px-Busch_Pano_2022.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Busch_Pano_2022.jpg/440px-Busch_Pano_2022.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Busch_Stadium" title="Busch Stadium">Busch Stadium</a>, where the <a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Cardinals" title="St. Louis Cardinals">St. Louis Cardinals</a> play.</figcaption></figure> Missouri hosted the <a href="/wiki/1904_Summer_Olympics" title="1904 Summer Olympics">1904 Summer Olympics</a> at <a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis</a>, the first time the games were hosted in the United States. Professional major league teams: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">MLB</a>: <a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Cardinals" title="St. Louis Cardinals">St. Louis Cardinals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_Royals" title="Kansas City Royals">Kansas City Royals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">NFL</a>: <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_Chiefs" title="Kansas City Chiefs">Kansas City Chiefs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">NHL</a>: <a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Blues" title="St. Louis Blues">St. Louis Blues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_League_Soccer" title="Major League Soccer">MLS</a>: <a href="/wiki/St._Louis_City_SC" title="St. Louis City SC">St. Louis City SC</a></li></ul> Former professional major league teams: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">National Football League</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Cardinals_(NFL)" title="St. Louis Cardinals (NFL)">St. Louis Cardinals</a> (moved from Chicago in 1960; moved to <a href="/wiki/Tempe,_Arizona" title="Tempe, Arizona">Tempe, Arizona</a>, in 1988 and are now the <a href="/wiki/Arizona_Cardinals" title="Arizona Cardinals">Arizona Cardinals</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_All_Stars" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Louis All Stars">St. Louis All Stars</a> (active in 1923 only)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_Blues/Cowboys" class="mw-redirect" title="Kansas City Blues/Cowboys">Kansas City Blues/Cowboys</a> (active 1924–1926, folded)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Gunners" title="St. Louis Gunners">St. Louis Gunners</a> (independent team, joined the NFL for the last three weeks of the 1934 season and folded thereafter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Rams" title="St. Louis Rams">St. Louis Rams</a> 1995–2015 moved from Los Angeles and then back to Los Angeles</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a> (<a href="/wiki/American_League" title="American League">American League</a>): <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Browns" title="St. Louis Browns">St. Louis Browns</a> (moved from <a href="/wiki/Milwaukee" title="Milwaukee">Milwaukee</a> in 1902; moved to <a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a>, Maryland after the 1953 season and are now the <a href="/wiki/Baltimore_Orioles" title="Baltimore Orioles">Baltimore Orioles</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_Athletics" title="Kansas City Athletics">Kansas City Athletics</a> (moved from <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> in 1955; moved to <a href="/wiki/Oakland" class="mw-redirect" title="Oakland">Oakland</a>, California after the 1967 season and are now the <a href="/wiki/Oakland_Athletics" title="Oakland Athletics">Oakland Athletics</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Basketball_Association" title="National Basketball Association">National Basketball Association</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Bombers_(NBA)" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Louis Bombers (NBA)">St. Louis Bombers</a> (charter <a href="/wiki/Basketball_Association_of_America" title="Basketball Association of America">BAA</a> franchise in 1946, joined the NBA when it formed in 1949; ceased operations in 1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Hawks" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Louis Hawks">St. Louis Hawks</a> (moved from <a href="/wiki/Milwaukee" title="Milwaukee">Milwaukee</a> in 1955; moved to <a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a> in 1968 and are now the <a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Hawks" title="Atlanta Hawks">Atlanta Hawks</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_Kings" class="mw-redirect" title="Kansas City Kings">Kansas City Kings</a> (moved from <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">Cincinnati</a> in 1972; moved to <a href="/wiki/Sacramento,_California" title="Sacramento, California">Sacramento</a> in 1985 and are now the <a href="/wiki/Sacramento_Kings" title="Sacramento Kings">Sacramento Kings</a>; prior to locating in Kansas City, they were known as the <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_Royals" class="mw-redirect" title="Cincinnati Royals">Cincinnati Royals</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">National Hockey League</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_Scouts" title="Kansas City Scouts">Kansas City Scouts</a> (1974 expansion team, moved to <a href="/wiki/Denver" title="Denver">Denver</a>, Colorado in 1976 and became the <a href="/wiki/Colorado_Rockies_(NHL)" title="Colorado Rockies (NHL)">Colorado Rockies</a>, and would move again to <a href="/wiki/Newark,_New_Jersey" title="Newark, New Jersey">Newark, New Jersey</a>; now called the <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Devils" title="New Jersey Devils">New Jersey Devils</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Eagles" title="St. Louis Eagles">St. Louis Eagles</a> (1934 relocation of the <a href="/wiki/Ottawa_Senators_(original)" title="Ottawa Senators (original)">original Ottawa Senators</a>, folded after the 1934–35 season)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_League_Soccer" title="Major League Soccer">Major League Soccer</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sporting_Kansas_City#Early_years_(1996%E2%80%931999)" title="Sporting Kansas City">Kansas City Wiz/Kansas City Wizards</a> (founded in 1995, but moved from <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri" title="Kansas City, Missouri">Kansas City, Missouri</a>, to <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City,_Kansas" title="Kansas City, Kansas">Kansas City, Kansas</a>, in 2010 and became <a href="/wiki/Sporting_Kansas_City" title="Sporting Kansas City">Sporting Kansas City</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div><section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><noscript><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Missouri.svg/32px-Flag_of_Missouri.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1400"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 32px;height: 19px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Missouri.svg/32px-Flag_of_Missouri.svg.png" data-alt="flag" data-width="32" data-height="19" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Missouri.svg/48px-Flag_of_Missouri.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Missouri.svg/64px-Flag_of_Missouri.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Missouri" title="Portal:Missouri">Missouri portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><noscript><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 32px;height: 17px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" data-alt="flag" data-width="32" data-height="17" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Missouri-related_articles" title="Index of Missouri-related articles">Index of Missouri-related articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Missouri" title="List of people from Missouri">List of people from Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Missouri" title="Outline of Missouri">Outline of Missouri</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div><section class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-12"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-USGS-1"><a href="#cite_ref-USGS_1-0">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111015012701/http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html">"Elevations and Distances in the United States"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">United States Geological Survey</a>. 2001. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html">the original</a> on October 15, 2011. Retrieved October 24, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Elevations+and+Distances+in+the+United+States&rft.pub=United+States+Geological+Survey&rft.date=2001&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fegsc.usgs.gov%2Fisb%2Fpubs%2Fbooklets%2Felvadist%2Felvadist.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMissouri" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bureau_2021-2"><a href="#cite_ref-Bureau_2021_2-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBureau2021" class="citation web cs1">Bureau, US Census (April 26, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/data/tables/2020/dec/2020-apportionment-data.html">"2020 Census Apportionment Results"</a>. The United States Census Bureau. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210426210008/https://www.census.gov/data/tables/2020/dec/2020-apportionment-data.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 26, 2021. Retrieved April 27, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+United+States+Census+Bureau&rft.atitle=2020+Census+Apportionment+Results&rft.date=2021-04-26&rft.aulast=Bureau&rft.aufirst=US+Census&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fdata%2Ftables%2F2020%2Fdec%2F2020-apportionment-data.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMissouri" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: <code class="cs1-code">|last=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161220091007/http://kff.org/other/state-indicator/median-annual-income/?currentTimeframe=0">"Median Annual Household Income"</a>. The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kff.org/other/state-indicator/median-annual-income/?currentTimeframe=0">the original</a> on December 20, 2016. Retrieved December 9, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Henry+J.+Kaiser+Family+Foundation&rft.atitle=Median+Annual+Household+Income&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkff.org%2Fother%2Fstate-indicator%2Fmedian-annual-income%2F%3FcurrentTimeframe%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMissouri" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070930153715/http://www.moga.state.mo.us/statutes/C000-099/0100000095.HTM">"Missouri Revised Statutes Chapter 10 State Emblems Section 10.095"</a>. State of Missouri. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.moga.state.mo.us/statutes/C000-099/0100000095.HTM">the original</a> on September 30, 2007. Retrieved July 10, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Missouri+Revised+Statutes+Chapter+10+State+Emblems+Section+10.095&rft.pub=State+of+Missouri&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.moga.state.mo.us%2Fstatutes%2FC000-099%2F0100000095.HTM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMissouri" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/govt-and-politics/missouri-governor-declares-not-just-any-bourbon-can-be-called/article_28300047-38b6-5d2c-8029-b8f61d91ea9f.html">"Missouri Governor declares not just any Bourbon can be called Missouri bourbon"</a>. <a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Post-Dispatch" title="St. Louis Post-Dispatch">St. Louis Post-Dispatch</a>. July 12, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190724225710/https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/govt-and-politics/missouri-governor-declares-not-just-any-bourbon-can-be-called/article_28300047-38b6-5d2c-8029-b8f61d91ea9f.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 24, 2019. Retrieved July 24, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=St.+Louis+Post-Dispatch&rft.atitle=Missouri+Governor+declares+not+just+any+Bourbon+can+be+called+Missouri+bourbon&rft.date=2019-07-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stltoday.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fgovt-and-politics%2Fmissouri-governor-declares-not-just-any-bourbon-can-be-called%2Farticle_28300047-38b6-5d2c-8029-b8f61d91ea9f.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMissouri" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/const/regionmap.pdf">"Census Regions of the United States"</a> (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170201215949/http://www.census.gov/const/regionmap.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on February 1, 2017. Retrieved January 9, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Census+Regions+of+the+United+States&rft.pub=U.S.+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fconst%2Fregionmap.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMissouri" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFeUs" class="citation web cs1">Fe, Mailing Address: National Trails Intermountain Region Pony Express National Historic Trail PO Box 728 Santa; Us, NM 87504 Phone:741-1012 Contact. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/poex/index.htm">"Pony Express National Historic Trail (U.S. National Park Service)"</a>. www.nps.gov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190223120436/https://www.nps.gov/poex/index.htm">Archived</a> from the original on February 23, 2019. Retrieved February 5, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nps.gov&rft.atitle=Pony+Express+National+Historic+Trail+%28U.S.+National+Park+Service%29&rft.aulast=Fe&rft.aufirst=Mailing+Address%3A+National+Trails+Intermountain+Region+Pony+Express+National+Historic+Trail+PO+Box+728+Santa&rft.au=Us%2C+NM+87504+Phone%3A741-1012+Contact&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fpoex%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMissouri" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ksdk.com/article/entertainment/television/show-me-st-louis/hey-heidi-how-did-the-show-me-state-come-about/63-204374324">"Hey Heidi: How did the Show Me State come about?"</a>. 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Retrieved April 17, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ksdk.com&rft.atitle=Hey+Heidi%3A+How+did+the+Show+Me+State+come+about%3F&rft.date=2016-05-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ksdk.com%2Farticle%2Fentertainment%2Ftelevision%2Fshow-me-st-louis%2Fhey-heidi-how-did-the-show-me-state-come-about%2F63-204374324&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMissouri" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatthews" class="citation news cs1">Matthews, Christopher. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://business.time.com/2013/12/05/the-3-best-and-3-worst-states-in-america-for-drinking/">"The 3 Best and 3 Worst States in America for Drinking"</a>. 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Census.gov.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Census.gov&rft.atitle=Race+and+Ethnicity+in+the+United+States%3A+2010+Census+and+2020+Census&rft.aulast=Bureau&rft.aufirst=US+Census&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Flibrary%2Fvisualizations%2Finteractive%2Frace-and-ethnicity-in-the-united-state-2010-and-2020-census.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMissouri" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: <code class="cs1-code">|last=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFExner2012" class="citation news cs1">Exner, Rich (June 3, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cleveland.com/datacentral/index.ssf/2012/06/americas_under_age_1_populatio.html">"Americans under age 1 now mostly minorities, but not in Ohio: Statistical Snapshot"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Plain_Dealer" title="The Plain Dealer">The Plain Dealer</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160714084214/http://www.cleveland.com/datacentral/index.ssf/2012/06/americas_under_age_1_populatio.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 14, 2016. 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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180926014027/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr67/nvsr64_12.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on September 26, 2018. Retrieved September 25, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention&rft.atitle=data&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fnchs%2Fdata%2Fnvsr%2Fnvsr67%2Fnvsr64_12.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMissouri" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr67/nvsr66_01.pdf">"data"</a> (PDF). 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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190201210916/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr67/nvsr67_08-508.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on February 1, 2019. Retrieved February 21, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention&rft.atitle=Births%3A+Final+Data+for+2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fnchs%2Fdata%2Fnvsr%2Fnvsr67%2Fnvsr67_08-508.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMissouri" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr68/nvsr68_13-508.pdf">"Data"</a> (PDF). 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0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Missouri at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 27px;height: 27px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="27" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Missouri" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Missouri">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</li><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 27px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="20" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Missouri" class="extiw" title="c:Missouri">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 27px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="27" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Missouri" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Missouri">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 27px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Missouri" class="extiw" title="q:Missouri">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 26px;height: 27px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="26" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Missouri" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Missouri">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 27px;height: 27px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="27" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Missouri" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Missouri">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</li><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 27px;height: 22px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="27" data-height="22" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Missouri" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Missouri">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</li><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 27px;height: 27px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="27" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Missouri" class="extiw" title="voy:Missouri">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mo.gov/">Missouri Government</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Missouri+Government&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mo.gov%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMissouri" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sos.mo.gov/mdh/">Missouri Digital Heritage</a>, Missouri Government, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210215020057/https://www.sos.mo.gov/mdh">archived</a> from the original on February 15, 2021, retrieved December 4, 2009</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Missouri+Digital+Heritage&rft.pub=Missouri+Government&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sos.mo.gov%2Fmdh%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMissouri" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/states/missouri/index.html">Missouri State Guide, from the Library of Congress</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191201181904/https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/states/missouri/index.html">Archived</a> December 1, 2019, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visitmo.com/">Missouri State Tourism Office</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210217110347/https://www.visitmo.com/">archived</a> from the original on February 17, 2021, retrieved July 31, 2010</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Missouri+State+Tourism+Office&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.visitmo.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMissouri" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101229184317/http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/state/state_energy_profiles.cfm?sid=MO">Energy & Environmental Data for Missouri</a>, US: DoE, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/state/state_energy_profiles.cfm?sid=MO">the original</a> on December 29, 2010, retrieved December 6, 2018</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Energy+%26+Environmental+Data+for+Missouri&rft.place=US&rft.pub=DoE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftonto.eia.doe.gov%2Fstate%2Fstate_energy_profiles.cfm%3Fsid%3DMO&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMissouri" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/state-fact-sheets/state-data.aspx?StateFIPS=29&Statestate=Missouri#.U8Us1rEXtQs">Missouri State Facts</a>, USDA</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Missouri+State+Facts&rft.pub=USDA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ers.usda.gov%2Fdata-products%2Fstate-fact-sheets%2Fstate-data.aspx%3FStateFIPS%3D29%26Statestate%3DMissouri%23.U8Us1rEXtQs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMissouri" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://godort.libguides.com/missouridbs">"American Library Association Government Documents Roundtable"</a>, List of searchable databases produced by Missouri state agencies, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201031020958/https://godort.libguides.com/missouridbs">archived</a> from the original on October 31, 2020, retrieved April 2, 2018</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=List+of+searchable+databases+produced+by+Missouri+state+agencies&rft.atitle=American+Library+Association+Government+Documents+Roundtable&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgodort.libguides.com%2Fmissouridbs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMissouri" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digital.library.umsystem.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=umlib;cc=umlib;tpl=home.tpl">Missouri History, Geology, Culture</a>, UM system, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160326222421/http://digital.library.umsystem.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=umlib;cc=umlib;tpl=home.tpl">archived</a> from the original on March 26, 2016, retrieved March 14, 2011</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Missouri+History%2C+Geology%2C+Culture&rft.pub=UM+system&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigital.library.umsystem.edu%2Fcgi%2Ft%2Ftext%2Ftext-idx%3Fc%3Dumlib%3Bcc%3Dumlib%3Btpl%3Dhome.tpl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMissouri" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110410001038/http://digital.library.umsystem.edu/cgi/i/image/image-idx?page=index%3Bc%3Dumcscsanic">Historic Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps of Missouri</a>, UM system, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digital.library.umsystem.edu/cgi/i/image/image-idx?page=index;c=umcscsanic">the original</a> on April 10, 2011</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historic+Sanborn+Fire+Insurance+Maps+of+Missouri&rft.pub=UM+system&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigital.library.umsystem.edu%2Fcgi%2Fi%2Fimage%2Fimage-idx%3Fpage%3Dindex%3Bc%3Dumcscsanic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMissouri" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digital.library.umsystem.edu/cgi/i/image/image-idx?c=platic;">1930 Platbooks of Missouri Counties</a>, UM system, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161021135427/http://digital.library.umsystem.edu/cgi/i/image/image-idx?c=platic;">archived</a> from the original on October 21, 2016, retrieved March 14, 2011</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1930+Platbooks+of+Missouri+Counties&rft.pub=UM+system&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigital.library.umsystem.edu%2Fcgi%2Fi%2Fimage%2Fimage-idx%3Fc%3Dplatic%3B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMissouri" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_American" title="Scientific American">Scientific American</a>, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6ok9AQAAIAAJ">Ancient Man in Missouri</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230112202810/https://books.google.com/books?id=6ok9AQAAIAAJ">Archived</a> January 12, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", September 11, 1880, p. 169</li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_date_of_admission_to_the_Union" title="List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union">List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union</a> Admitted on August 10, 1821 (24th) </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox 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.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Missouri&params=38_N_92_W_dim:300000_region:US-MO_type:adm1st&title=State+of+Missouri">38°N 92°W / 38°N 92°W / 38; -92 (State of Missouri)</a>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=mobile" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Missouri&oldid=1260242039">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Missouri&oldid=1260242039</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Missouri&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 29 November 2024, at 18:03 </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Missouri" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%9A%E1%8B%99%E1%88%AA" title="ሚዙሪ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሚዙሪ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Missouri" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Missouri" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="ميزوري – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ميزوري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Missouri" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A1%DC%9D%DC%99%DC%98%DC%AA%DC%9D" title="ܡܝܙܘܪܝ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܡܝܙܘܪܝ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target">ܐܪܡܝܐ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%AB" title="Միսուրի – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Միսուրի" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri_(%C3%88tat)" title="Missouri (Ètat) – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Missouri (Ètat)" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Missouri" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mis%C3%BAri" title="Misúri – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Misúri" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri_suyu" title="Missouri suyu – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Missouri suyu" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missuri" title="Missuri – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Missuri" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="میزوری – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="میزوری" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Missouri" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8C%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF" title="মিসৌরি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মিসৌরি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Missouri" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Миссури – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Миссури" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B_(%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Місуры (штат) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Місуры (штат)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B_(%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Мізуры (штат) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Мізуры (штат)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="मिसौरी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="मिसौरी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Missouri" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Missouri" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8_(%D1%89%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Мисури (щат) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мисури (щат)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Missouri" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Missouri" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri_(stad)" title="Missouri (stad) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Missouri (stad)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Миссури – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Миссури" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Missouri" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8_(%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Миссури (штат) – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Миссури (штат)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri_(estado)" title="Missouri (estado) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Missouri (estado)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri_(st%C3%A1t)" title="Missouri (stát) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Missouri (stát)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Missouri" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chavacano de Zamboanga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Missouri" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Missouri" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Missouri" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dagbanli</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Missouri" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="ميسوري – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="ميسوري" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Missouri" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Missouri" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deitsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Missouri" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dz%C3%ADgaii_Ch%CA%BC%C3%AD%C5%84l%C4%AF%CC%81_Hahoodzo" title="Dzígaii Chʼíńlį́ Hahoodzo – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Dzígaii Chʼíńlį́ Hahoodzo" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Diné bizaad</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri_osariik" title="Missouri osariik – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Missouri osariik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B9%CE%B6%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%81%CE%B9_(%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B1)" title="Μιζούρι (πολιτεία) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μιζούρι (πολιτεία)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Missouri" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misuri" title="Misuri – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Misuri" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misurio" title="Misurio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Misurio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Missouri" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="میزوری – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="میزوری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Missouri" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Missouri" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri_(%C3%89tat)" title="Missouri (État) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Missouri (État)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missoery_(steat)" title="Missoery (steat) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Missoery (steat)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Missouri" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Missouri" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Missouri" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Missouri" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagauz</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Missouri" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Missouri" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%9D%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%80" title="મિઝોરી – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="મિઝોરી" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BC%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%B6%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B4%F0%90%8C%B9" title="𐌼𐌹𐌶𐌿𐍂𐌴𐌹 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌼𐌹𐌶𐌿𐍂𐌴𐌹" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target">𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Missouri" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EC%A3%BC%EB%A6%AC%EC%A3%BC" title="미주리주 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="미주리주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri_(jiha)" title="Missouri (jiha) – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Missouri (jiha)" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikouli" title="Mikouli – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Mikouli" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%BD%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%AB" title="Միսսուրի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Միսսուրի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="मिज़ूरी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मिज़ूरी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Missouri" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Missouri" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mizur%E1%BB%8B" title="Mizurị – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Mizurị" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Missouri" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8C%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF" title="মিসৌরি – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="মিসৌরি" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Missouri" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Missouri" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Missouri" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misuri" title="Misuri – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Misuri" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target">Iñupiatun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8_(%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Миссури (штат) – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Миссури (штат)" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMizuri" title="IMizuri – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="IMizuri" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiXhosa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Missouri" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Missouri" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%96%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99" title="מיזורי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מיזורי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Missouri" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misuurii" title="Misuurii – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Misuurii" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8C%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF" title="ಮಿಸೌರಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮಿಸೌರಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Missouri" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="მისურის შტატი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მისურის შტატი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8_(%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Миссури (штат) – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Миссури (штат)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Missouri" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Missouri" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misouri_(eta)" title="Misouri (eta) – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Misouri (eta)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Missouri" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8_(%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Миссури (штат) – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Миссури (штат)" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8_(%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Миссури (штат) – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Миссури (штат)" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Missouri" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misuri" title="Misuri – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Misuri" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missuria" title="Missuria – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Missuria" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mis%C5%ABri_(%C5%A1tats)" title="Misūri (štats) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Misūri (štats)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Missouri" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mis%C5%ABris" title="Misūris – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Misūris" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Missouri" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Missouri" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Missouri" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Missouri" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri_(%C3%A1llam)" title="Missouri (állam) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Missouri (állam)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="मिसौरी – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="मिसौरी" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Мисури – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Мисури" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Missouri" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF" title="മിസോറി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മിസോറി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merore" title="Merore – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Merore" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="मिसूरी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मिसूरी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="მისურიშ შტატი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მისურიშ შტატი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%89" title="ميزورى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ميزورى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="میزوری – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="میزوری" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Missouri" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A7%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A4" title="ꯃꯤꯁꯁꯧꯔꯤ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯃꯤꯁꯁꯧꯔꯤ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Missouri" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Миссури – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Миссури" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%86%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AE%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA" title="မစ်ဆိုရီပြည်နယ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မစ်ဆိုရီပြည်နယ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri_(staat)" title="Missouri (staat) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Missouri (staat)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Missouri" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="मिसौरी – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="मिसौरी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="मिजौरी – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="मिजौरी" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9F%E3%82%BA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AA%E5%B7%9E" title="ミズーリ州 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ミズーリ州" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8_(%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Миссури (штат) – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Миссури (штат)" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri_(Stoot)" title="Missouri (Stoot) – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Missouri (Stoot)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Missouri" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Missouri" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri_(%C3%A9tat)" title="Missouri (état) – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Missouri (état)" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nouormand</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missor%C3%AD_(estat)" title="Missorí (estat) – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Missorí (estat)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8_(%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Миссури (штат) – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Миссури (штат)" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missuri" title="Missuri – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Missuri" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80" title="ਮਿਜ਼ੂਰੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਿਜ਼ੂਰੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="मिसौरी – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="मिसौरी" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="مسوری – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مسوری" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Missouri" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D8%A2%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="میسوري آیالات – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="میسوري آیالات" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri_(%C3%89tat)" title="Missouri (État) – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Missouri (État)" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Missouri" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri_(Bundsstaat)" title="Missouri (Bundsstaat) – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Missouri (Bundsstaat)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri_(stan)" title="Missouri (stan) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Missouri (stan)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Missouri" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missuri" title="Missuri – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Missuri" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Missouri" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri_(stadi)" title="Missouri (stadi) – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Missouri (stadi)" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri_suyu" title="Missouri suyu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Missouri suyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8_(%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Миссури (штат) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Миссури (штат)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misuri" title="Misuri – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Misuri" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagana Samoa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="मिसूरी – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="मिसूरी" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Missouri" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Missouri" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri_(Buundesstoat)" title="Missouri (Buundesstoat) – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Missouri (Buundesstoat)" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mizuri" title="Mizuri – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Mizuri" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Missouri" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Missouri" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="مسوري – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="مسوري" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri_(%C5%A1t%C3%A1t_USA)" title="Missouri (štát USA) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Missouri (štát USA)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misuri" title="Misuri – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Misuri" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri_(sztat)" title="Missouri (sztat) – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Missouri (sztat)" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="میزوری – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="میزوری" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Мисури – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мисури" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Missouri" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Missouri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Missouri" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Missouri" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF" title="மிசூரி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மிசூரி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Missouri" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8_(%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Миссури (штат) – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Миссури (штат)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5" title="รัฐมิสซูรี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รัฐมิสซูรี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D3%A3" title="Миссурӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Миссурӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Missouri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%81%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D1%96_(%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Міссурі (штат) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Міссурі (штат)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="مسوری – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مسوری" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misori_Shitati" title="Misori Shitati – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="Misori Shitati" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Missouri" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Missouri" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Missouri" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E8%98%87%E9%87%8C%E5%B7%9E" title="密蘇里州 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="密蘇里州" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Missouri" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Missouri" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E8%8B%8F%E9%87%8C%E5%B7%9E" title="密苏里州 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="密苏里州" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%96%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99" title="מיזורי – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מיזורי" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Cp%C3%ADnl%E1%BA%B9%CC%80_Missouri" title="Ìpínlẹ̀ Missouri – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ìpínlẹ̀ Missouri" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E8%98%87%E9%87%8C%E5%B7%9E" title="密蘇里州 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="密蘇里州" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Missouri" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Missouri" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%97s%C5%ABris" title="Mėsūris – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Mėsūris" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E8%98%87%E9%87%8C%E5%B7%9E" title="密蘇里州 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="密蘇里州" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Missouri" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kumoring</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missuri" title="Missuri – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Missuri" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tolışi</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 29 November 2024, at 18:03 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li 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