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id="toc-MP/M_platforms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-MP/M-80" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#MP/M-80"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>MP/M-80</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-MP/M-80-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-MP/M-86" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#MP/M-86"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>MP/M-86</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-MP/M-86-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-MP/M_8-16" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#MP/M_8-16"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>MP/M 8-16</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-MP/M_8-16-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-MP/M-286" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#MP/M-286"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>MP/M-286</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-MP/M-286-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Commands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-CP/NET,_CP/NOS,_MP/NET_and_MP/NOS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#CP/NET,_CP/NOS,_MP/NET_and_MP/NOS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>CP/NET, CP/NOS, MP/NET and MP/NOS</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-CP/NET,_CP/NOS,_MP/NET_and_MP/NOS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output 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print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Primary_sources plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Primary_sources" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>relies excessively on <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">references</a> to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">primary sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please improve this article by adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">secondary or tertiary sources</a>. <br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22MP%2FM%22">"MP/M"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22MP%2FM%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22MP%2FM%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22MP%2FM%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22MP%2FM%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22MP%2FM%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2009</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Network I/O System" redirects here. For the Network Basic Input/Output System, see <a href="/wiki/NetBIOS" title="NetBIOS">NetBIOS</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Discontinued family of computer operating systems</div> <p> <span class="anchor" id="XIOS"></span><span class="anchor" id="XDOS"></span><span class="anchor" id="TMP"></span><span class="anchor" id="RSP"></span> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Operating system</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">MP/M</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Digital_Research" title="Digital Research">Digital Research, Inc.</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tom_Rolander" title="Tom Rolander">Tom Rolander</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-itchc_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-itchc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IEEE_2014_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IEEE_2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Shustek_2016_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shustek_2016-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kildall_1993_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kildall_1993-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Gary_Kildall" title="Gary Kildall">Gary Kildall</a>, Frank Holsworth<sup id="cite_ref-Wein_2002_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wein_2002-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Holsworth_2006_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holsworth_2006-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">OS family</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/CP/M" title="CP/M">CP/M</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Working state</th><td class="infobox-data">Discontinued</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Source model</th><td class="infobox-data">Originally <a href="/wiki/Closed_source" class="mw-redirect" title="Closed source">closed source</a>, since <a href="/wiki/Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">open sourced</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data">1979<span class="noprint">; 45 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1979</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-mpm1_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mpm1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MP/M_1.0_1979_Spec_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MP/M_1.0_1979_Spec-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Latest release</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2.1 / 1982<span class="noprint">; 42 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1982</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Natural_language" title="Natural language">Available in</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Platforms</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Intel_8080" title="Intel 8080">8080</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intel_8085" title="Intel 8085">8085</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zilog_Z80" title="Zilog Z80">Z80</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intel_8086" title="Intel 8086">8086</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intel_80286" title="Intel 80286">80286</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kernel_(operating_system)" title="Kernel (operating system)">Kernel</a> type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Monolithic_kernel" title="Monolithic kernel">Monolithic kernel</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/User_interface" title="User interface">Default<br />user interface</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Command-line_interface" title="Command-line interface">Command-line interface</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Originally <a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">proprietary</a>, now <a href="/wiki/BSD_licenses" title="BSD licenses">BSD</a>-like</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/CP/M" title="CP/M">CP/M</a>, <a href="/wiki/CP/M-86" title="CP/M-86">CP/M-86</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Concurrent_CP/M" class="mw-redirect" title="Concurrent CP/M">Concurrent CP/M</a>, <a href="/wiki/Concurrent_CP/M-86" class="mw-redirect" title="Concurrent CP/M-86">Concurrent CP/M-86</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Official website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cpm.z80.de/">www<wbr />.cpm<wbr />.z80<wbr />.de</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>MP/M</b> (<b>Multi-Programming Monitor Control Program</b><sup id="cite_ref-MP/M_1.0_1979_Spec_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MP/M_1.0_1979_Spec-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is a discontinued multi-user version of the <a href="/wiki/CP/M" title="CP/M">CP/M</a> <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating system</a>, created by <a href="/wiki/Digital_Research" title="Digital Research">Digital Research</a> developer <a href="/wiki/Tom_Rolander" title="Tom Rolander">Tom Rolander</a> in 1979.<sup id="cite_ref-itchc_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-itchc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mpm1_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mpm1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MP/M_1.0_1979_Spec_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MP/M_1.0_1979_Spec-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Evans_2004_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Evans_2004-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IEEE_2014_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IEEE_2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Shustek_2016_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shustek_2016-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kildall_1993_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kildall_1993-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It allowed multiple users to connect to a single computer, each using a separate <a href="/wiki/Computer_terminal" title="Computer terminal">terminal</a>. </p><p>MP/M was a fairly advanced operating system for its era, at least on <a href="/wiki/Microcomputer" title="Microcomputer">microcomputers</a>. It included a priority-scheduled <a href="/wiki/Computer_multitasking" title="Computer multitasking">multitasking</a> <a href="/wiki/Kernel_(operating_system)" title="Kernel (operating system)">kernel</a> (before such a name was used, the kernel was referred to as the <i>nucleus</i>) with memory protection, concurrent <a href="/wiki/Input/output" title="Input/output">input/output</a> (<b>XIOS</b>) and support for spooling and queueing. It also allowed for each user to run multiple programs, and switch between them. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="MP/M_platforms"><span id="MP.2FM_platforms"></span>MP/M platforms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MP/M&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: MP/M platforms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="MP/M-80"><span id="MP.2FM-80"></span><span class="anchor" id="MP/M_I"></span><span class="anchor" id="1.0"></span><span class="anchor" id="1.1"></span><span class="anchor" id="MP/M_II"></span><span class="anchor" id="2.0"></span><span class="anchor" id="2.1"></span>MP/M-80</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MP/M&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: MP/M-80"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 8-bit system required a <a href="/wiki/8080" class="mw-redirect" title="8080">8080</a> (or <a href="/wiki/Z80" class="mw-redirect" title="Z80">Z80</a>) CPU and a minimum of 32 <a href="/wiki/Kilobyte" title="Kilobyte">KB</a> of <a href="/wiki/Random_Access_Memory" class="mw-redirect" title="Random Access Memory">RAM</a> to run, but this left little memory for user applications. In order to support reasonable setups, MP/M allowed for memory to be switched in and out of the machine's "real memory" area. So for instance a program might be loaded into a "bank" of RAM that was not addressable by the <a href="/wiki/Central_processing_unit" title="Central processing unit">CPU</a>, and when it was time for the program to run that bank of RAM would be "switched" to appear in low memory (typically the lower 32 or 48 KB) and thus become visible to the OS. This technique, known as <a href="/wiki/Bank_switching" title="Bank switching">bank switching</a> was subsequently added to the single user version of CP/M with version 3.0. </p><p>One of the primary uses of MP/M, perhaps to the surprise of DRI, was as a "power user" version of CP/M for a single user. The ability to run several programs at the same time and address large amounts of memory made the system worth the extra price. </p><p><b>MP/M II 2.0</b> added file sharing capabilities in 1981,<sup id="cite_ref-DRI_MP/M-II_2.1_1982_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DRI_MP/M-II_2.1_1982-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MP/M_II_1981_UG_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MP/M_II_1981_UG-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MP/M_II_1981_PG_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MP/M_II_1981_PG-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <b>MP/M II 2.1</b> came with extended file locking in January 1982.<sup id="cite_ref-DRI_MP/M-II_2.1_1982_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DRI_MP/M-II_2.1_1982-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Versions: </p> <ul><li>MP/M 1.0 (1979)<sup id="cite_ref-MP/M_1981_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MP/M_1981-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>MP/M 1.1<sup id="cite_ref-DRI_MP/M-II_2.1_1982_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DRI_MP/M-II_2.1_1982-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (January 1980)</li> <li>MP/M II 2.0 (July 1981,<sup id="cite_ref-MP/M_II_1981_UG_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MP/M_II_1981_UG-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MP/M_II_1981_PG_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MP/M_II_1981_PG-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> added: file sharing)<sup id="cite_ref-DRI_MP/M-II_2.1_1982_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DRI_MP/M-II_2.1_1982-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>MP/M II 2.1 (January 1982, added: extended file locking)<sup id="cite_ref-DRI_MP/M-II_2.1_1982_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DRI_MP/M-II_2.1_1982-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="MP/M-86"><span id="MP.2FM-86"></span><span class="anchor" id="CCP/M"></span><span class="anchor" id="CCP/M-86"></span>MP/M-86</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MP/M&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: MP/M-86"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Like CP/M, MP/M was eventually ported to the 16-bit <a href="/wiki/Intel_8086" title="Intel 8086">Intel 8086</a>, and appeared as <b>MP/M-86 2.0</b> in September 1981.<sup id="cite_ref-DRI_1981_MP/M-86_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DRI_1981_MP/M-86-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MP/M_1981_UG_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MP/M_1981_UG-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MP/M-86_1981_PG_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MP/M-86_1981_PG-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Main developers of the system include Francis "Frank" R. Holsworth,<sup id="cite_ref-Wein_2002_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wein_2002-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Holsworth_2006_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holsworth_2006-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> later a director of marketing at Digital Research. Known revisions of MP/M-86 2.0 were dated 25 September 1981 and 5 October 1981. There also was an <b>MP/M-86 2.1</b> dated 20 July 1982.<sup id="cite_ref-MP/M-86_2.1_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MP/M-86_2.1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>MP/M-86 2.1 absorbed some of the technology of <a href="/wiki/CP/M-86_1.1" class="mw-redirect" title="CP/M-86 1.1">CP/M-86 1.1</a> (BDOS 2.2) to become <b>Concurrent CP/M-86</b> 3.0<sup id="cite_ref-NB_CCPM_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NB_CCPM-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (BDOS 3.0) in late 1982,<sup id="cite_ref-Kildall_1982_8-bit_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kildall_1982_8-bit-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which also added support for "virtual screens".<sup id="cite_ref-Kildall_1982_8-bit_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kildall_1982_8-bit-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Kathryn_Strutynski" title="Kathryn Strutynski">Kathryn Strutynski</a>, the project manager for CP/M-86, continued as project manager for Concurrent CP/M-86. In December 1983,<sup id="cite_ref-DRI_1984_PCMODE_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DRI_1984_PCMODE-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a DOS emulator named <a href="/wiki/PC-MODE" class="mw-redirect" title="PC-MODE">PC-MODE</a> became available as an optional module for Concurrent CP/M-86 3.1 (BDOS 3.1), shipping on 21 February 1984,<sup id="cite_ref-DRI_1984_CCPM31_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DRI_1984_CCPM31-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the system was further developed into the <a href="/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS">MS-DOS</a> compatible <a href="/wiki/Concurrent_DOS" class="mw-redirect" title="Concurrent DOS">Concurrent DOS</a> (BDOS 3.1 and higher).<sup id="cite_ref-DRI_1984_CDOS31_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DRI_1984_CDOS31-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This in turn continued to evolve into <a href="/wiki/FlexOS" title="FlexOS">FlexOS</a> and <a href="/wiki/Multiuser_DOS" title="Multiuser DOS">Multiuser DOS</a> and as such is still in use in some industrial applications. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Multiuser_DOS#Concurrent_CP/M-86" title="Multiuser DOS">Concurrent CP/M-86</a> and <a href="/wiki/Concurrent_DOS" class="mw-redirect" title="Concurrent DOS">Concurrent DOS</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="MP/M_8-16"><span id="MP.2FM_8-16"></span>MP/M 8-16</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MP/M&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: MP/M 8-16"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>MP/M 8-16</b> (sometimes also referred to as <i>MP/M-8/16</i><sup id="cite_ref-Kildall_1982_8-bit_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kildall_1982_8-bit-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) was <a href="/wiki/CompuPro" class="mw-redirect" title="CompuPro">CompuPro</a>'s name for a combination of the multi-user 16-bit MP/M-86 to perform single-user, single-stream CP/M functions, along with multi-user, multi-tasking 8-bit MP/M operations<sup id="cite_ref-Kildall_1982_8-bit_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kildall_1982_8-bit-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> running on the <a href="/wiki/Multi-processor" class="mw-redirect" title="Multi-processor">multi-processor</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=CompuPro_System_816&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CompuPro System 816 (page does not exist)">CompuPro System 816</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compupro_System_816" class="extiw" title="sr:Compupro System 816">sr</a>]</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-Compupro816_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Compupro816-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later on, this system was also able to run <a href="/wiki/Concurrent_DOS_3.1" class="mw-redirect" title="Concurrent DOS 3.1">Concurrent DOS 3.1</a>. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/CP/M_8-16" class="mw-redirect" title="CP/M 8-16">CP/M 8-16</a>, <a href="/wiki/CP/M-86/80" class="mw-redirect" title="CP/M-86/80">CP/M-86/80</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Concurrent_CP/M-86/80" class="mw-redirect" title="Concurrent CP/M-86/80">Concurrent CP/M-86/80</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="MP/M-286"><span id="MP.2FM-286"></span>MP/M-286</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MP/M&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: MP/M-286"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1982, Digital Research announced plans to develop <b>MP/M-286</b> to take advantage of the 16-bit <a href="/wiki/Intel_80286" title="Intel 80286">Intel 80286</a>'s new memory management and protection features to run existing MP/M-86 and CP/M-86 applications.<sup id="cite_ref-Swaine_1982_MPM286_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Swaine_1982_MPM286-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was apparently never published "as is", but was further developed into <a href="/w/index.php?title=Concurrent_CP/M-286&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Concurrent CP/M-286 (page does not exist)">Concurrent CP/M-286</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Bidmead_1985_CCPM286_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bidmead_1985_CCPM286-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which seems to have formed the basis for the later <a href="/wiki/Concurrent_DOS_286" class="mw-redirect" title="Concurrent DOS 286">Concurrent DOS 286</a> in 1985<sup id="cite_ref-Bidmead_1985_CCPM286_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bidmead_1985_CCPM286-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/FlexOS_286" class="mw-redirect" title="FlexOS 286">FlexOS 286</a> in 1986. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Concurrent_CP/M-286&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Concurrent CP/M-286 (page does not exist)">Concurrent CP/M-286</a> and <a href="/wiki/Concurrent_DOS_286" class="mw-redirect" title="Concurrent DOS 286">Concurrent DOS 286</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Commands">Commands</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MP/M&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Commands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following list of <a href="/wiki/Command_(computing)" title="Command (computing)">commands</a> are supported by the MP/M II Console Command Processor CCP:<sup id="cite_ref-MP/M_II_1982_UG_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MP/M_II_1982_UG-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 9em;"> <ul><li>ABORT</li> <li>ATTACH</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembler_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Assembler (computing)">ASM</a></li> <li>CONSOLE</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DDT_(CP/M_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="DDT (CP/M command)">DDT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DIR_(CP/M_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="DIR (CP/M command)">DIR</a></li> <li>DSKRESET</li> <li>DUMP</li> <li>ED</li> <li>ERA</li> <li>ERAQ</li> <li>GENHEX</li> <li>GENMOD</li> <li>GENSYS</li> <li>LIB</li> <li>LINK</li> <li>LOAD</li> <li>MPMLDR</li> <li>MPMSTAT</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PIP_(CP/M_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="PIP (CP/M command)">PIP</a></li> <li>PRINTER</li> <li>PRLCOM</li> <li>RDT</li> <li><a href="/wiki/REN_(CP/M_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="REN (CP/M command)">REN</a></li> <li>RMAC</li> <li>SCHED</li> <li>SDIR</li> <li>SET</li> <li>SHOW</li> <li>SPOOL</li> <li>STAT</li> <li>STOPSPL</li> <li>SUBMIT</li> <li>TOD</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TYPE_(CP/M_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="TYPE (CP/M command)">TYPE</a></li> <li>USER</li> <li>XREF</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="CP/NET,_CP/NOS,_MP/NET_and_MP/NOS"><span id="CP.2FNET.2C_CP.2FNOS.2C_MP.2FNET_and_MP.2FNOS"></span><span class="anchor" id="CP/NET"></span><span class="anchor" id="CP/NOS"></span><span class="anchor" id="MP/NET"></span><span class="anchor" id="MP/NOS"></span><span class="anchor" id="NIOS"></span><span class="anchor" id="SNIOS"></span><span class="anchor" id="NDOS"></span>CP/NET, CP/NOS, MP/NET and MP/NOS</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MP/M&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: CP/NET, CP/NOS, MP/NET and MP/NOS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the early 1980s Digital Research also developed networking software named CP/NET used to connect an MP/M server with multiple CP/NET clients (named requesters) running CP/M.<sup id="cite_ref-Kildall_1981_CP/M_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kildall_1981_CP/M-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was originally developed by Tom Rolander.<sup id="cite_ref-IEEE_2014_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IEEE_2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>MP/NET was an MP/M system with networking allowing the MP/M system to function as both requester and server with CP/M requesters.<sup id="cite_ref-Kildall_1981_CP/M_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kildall_1981_CP/M-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The CP/NET clients could also be run in a diskless configuration with the system stored in ROM, then named CP/NOS (with NOS for Network Operating System). Similar, MP/NOS contained MP/M without local disk facilities. Like CP/NOS, MP/NOS performed the disk functions through the network.<sup id="cite_ref-Kildall_1981_CP/M_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kildall_1981_CP/M-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The system allowed to share files and printers and send electronic messages. </p> <ul><li>NIOS – Network I/O System<sup id="cite_ref-CP/NET_1982_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CP/NET_1982-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>SNIOS – Slave Network I/O System<sup id="cite_ref-CP/NET_1982_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CP/NET_1982-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>NDOS – Network Disk Operating System<sup id="cite_ref-CP/NET_1982_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CP/NET_1982-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>CP/NET existed in versions 1.0, 1.1 and 1.2 in versions for 8080 and Z80 processors. CP/NET-86 for 8086 was available as well. </p><p>Later incarnations were <a href="/w/index.php?title=DR_Net&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DR Net (page does not exist)">DR Net</a> and <a href="/wiki/FlexNet_(Novell)" class="mw-redirect" title="FlexNet (Novell)">FlexNet</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MP/M&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Caldera_(company)" title="Caldera (company)">Caldera</a> permitted the redistribution and modification of all original Digital Research files, including source code, related to the CP/M and MP/M families through <a href="/wiki/Tim_Olmstead_(CP/M)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tim Olmstead (CP/M)">Tim Olmstead</a>'s "The Unofficial CP/M Web site" since 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-Olmstead_1997_1_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Olmstead_1997_1-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Olmstead_1997_2_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Olmstead_1997_2-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Caldera_1997_CP/M_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Caldera_1997_CP/M-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After Olmstead's death on 12 September 2001,<sup id="cite_ref-Olmstead_2001_Death_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Olmstead_2001_Death-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the free distribution license was refreshed and expanded by <a href="/wiki/Lineo" title="Lineo">Lineo</a>, who had meanwhile become the owner of those Digital Research assets, on 19 October 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-Sparks_2001_CP/M_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sparks_2001_CP/M-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Chaudry_2001_CP/M_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chaudry_2001_CP/M-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gasperson_2001_Collection_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gasperson_2001_Collection-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Swaine_2004_CP/M_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Swaine_2004_CP/M-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MP/M&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-NB_CCPM-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NB_CCPM_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Since there was apparently no 8-bit version of Concurrent CP/M, the 16-bit version Concurrent CP/M-86 was also referred to simply as Concurrent CP/M.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="This still needs better proof. (January 2020)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MP/M&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 40em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-itchc-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-itchc_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-itchc_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.computerhistory.org/corphist/view.php?s=events&id=1816">"Catalog Search | Computer History Museum"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-01-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MP%2FM+1.0+-+A+Multi-Programming+Monitor+Control+Program+for+Microcomputer+System+Development+-+FUNCTIONAL+SPECIFICATION&rft.date=1979-08-09&rft.au=Digital+Research&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbitsavers.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de%2Fpdf%2FdigitalResearch%2Fmpm_I%2FMPM_1.0_Specification_Aug79.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMP%2FM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Evans_2004-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Evans_2004_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvansBucklandLefer2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Harold_Evans" title="Harold Evans">Evans, Harold</a>; Buckland, Gail; <a href="/wiki/David_Lefer" title="David Lefer">Lefer, David</a> (2004). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/theymadeamericaf00evan"><i>They Made America: From the Steam Engine to the Search Engine: Two Centuries of Innovators</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Little,_Brown_and_Co." class="mw-redirect" title="Little, Brown and Co.">Little, Brown and Co.</a> <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-316-27766-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-316-27766-2"><bdi>978-0-316-27766-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=They+Made+America%3A+From+the+Steam+Engine+to+the+Search+Engine%3A+Two+Centuries+of+Innovators&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown+and+Co.&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-316-27766-2&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=Harold&rft.au=Buckland%2C+Gail&rft.au=Lefer%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftheymadeamericaf00evan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMP%2FM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DRI_MP/M-II_2.1_1982-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DRI_MP/M-II_2.1_1982_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DRI_MP/M-II_2.1_1982_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DRI_MP/M-II_2.1_1982_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DRI_MP/M-II_2.1_1982_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DRI_MP/M-II_2.1_1982_10-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDigital_Research1982" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Digital_Research" title="Digital Research">Digital Research</a> (January 1982), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bitsavers_digitalReseleaseNotes1982_1174682"><i>MP/M II Operating System Release 2.1 Release Notes</i></a>, Pacific Grove, CA, USA: <a href="/wiki/Digital_Research" title="Digital Research">Digital Research</a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-01-04</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=MP%2FM+II+Operating+System+Release+2.1+Release+Notes&rft.place=Pacific+Grove%2C+CA%2C+USA&rft.pub=Digital+Research&rft.date=1982-01&rft.au=Digital+Research&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbitsavers_digitalReseleaseNotes1982_1174682&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMP%2FM" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://bitsavers.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/pdf/digitalResearch/mpm_II/MPMII_2.1_RelNotes.pdf">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://bitsavers.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/pdf/digitalResearch/mpm_II/MPM_II_2.1_Release_Notes_1982.pdf">[2]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MP/M_II_1981_UG-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MP/M_II_1981_UG_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MP/M_II_1981_UG_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDigital_Research1981" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Digital_Research" title="Digital Research">Digital Research</a> (August 1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bitsavers.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/pdf/digitalResearch/mpm_II/MPM_II_User_Guide_1981.pdf"><i>MP/M II Operating System - User's Guide</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (1 ed.). Pacific Grove, CA, USA: <a href="/wiki/Digital_Research" title="Digital Research">Digital Research</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170104230718/http://bitsavers.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/pdf/digitalResearch/mpm_II/MPM_II_User_Guide_1981.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2017-01-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Pacific Grove, CA, USA: <a href="/wiki/Digital_Research" title="Digital Research">Digital Research</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170104230836/http://bitsavers.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/pdf/digitalResearch/mpm_II/MPM_II_Programmers_Guide_1981.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2017-01-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-01-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=MP%2FM+-+Multi-Programming+Monitor+Control+Program+-+User%27s+Guide&rft.edition=3&rft.pub=Digital+Research&rft.date=1981-03&rft.au=Digital+Research&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbitsavers.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de%2Fpdf%2FdigitalResearch%2Fmpm_II%2FMPM_Users_Guide_Mar81.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMP%2FM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DRI_1981_MP/M-86-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DRI_1981_MP/M-86_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDigital_Research1981" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Digital_Research" title="Digital Research">Digital Research</a> (October 1981) [September 1981]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cpm.z80.de/manuals/mpm86sg.pdf"><i>MP/M-86 Operating System - System Guide</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (corrected 1st ed.). Pacific Grove, CA, USA: <a href="/wiki/Digital_Research" title="Digital Research">Digital Research</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170104172741/http://corphist.computerhistory.org/corphist/documents/doc-4468e75a9255a.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2017-01-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Pacific Grove, CA, USA: <a href="/wiki/Digital_Research" title="Digital Research">Digital Research</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bitsavers.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/pdf/digitalResearch/mpm-86/MPM-86_Users_Guide_Sep81.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2017-01-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Pacific Grove, CA, USA: <a href="/wiki/Digital_Research" title="Digital Research">Digital Research</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170104211018/http://bitsavers.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/pdf/digitalResearch/mpm-86/MPM86_pgmr_Sep81.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2017-01-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-01-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=MP%2FM-86+Operating+System+-+Programmer%27s+Guide&rft.place=Pacific+Grove%2C+CA%2C+USA&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=Digital+Research&rft.date=1981-09&rft.au=Digital+Research&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbitsavers.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de%2Fpdf%2FdigitalResearch%2Fmpm-86%2FMPM86_pgmr_Sep81.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMP%2FM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MP/M-86_2.1-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MP/M-86_2.1_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cpm.z80.de/download/mpm86-21.zip">"MP/M-86 2.1 disk contents"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-01-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MP%2FM-86+2.1+disk+contents&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cpm.z80.de%2Fdownload%2Fmpm86-21.zip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMP%2FM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kildall_1982_8-bit-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kildall_1982_8-bit_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kildall_1982_8-bit_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kildall_1982_8-bit_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kildall_1982_8-bit_19-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKildall1982" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gary_Arlen_Kildall" class="mw-redirect" title="Gary Arlen Kildall">Kildall, Gary Arlen</a> (1982-09-16). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/access/text/2016/12/102762506-05-01-acc.pdf">"Running 8-bit software on dual-processor computers"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Electronic_Design" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic Design">Electronic Design</a></i>: 157. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170819183737/http://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/access/text/2016/12/102762506-05-01-acc.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2017-08-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-08-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Electronic+Design&rft.atitle=Running+8-bit+software+on+dual-processor+computers&rft.pages=157&rft.date=1982-09-16&rft.aulast=Kildall&rft.aufirst=Gary+Arlen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.computerhistory.org%2Fresources%2Faccess%2Ftext%2F2016%2F12%2F102762506-05-01-acc.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMP%2FM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DRI_1984_PCMODE-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DRI_1984_PCMODE_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDigital_Research1984" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Digital_Research" title="Digital Research">Digital Research</a> (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://corphist.computerhistory.org/corphist/view.php?s=documents&id=1008">"PC-Mode bridges CP/M and PC DOS"</a>. <i>Digital Dialogue - Employee Newsletter of Digital Research Inc</i>. <b>3</b> (1): 3. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170104174356/http://corphist.computerhistory.org/corphist/documents/doc-4468e75a9255a.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2017-01-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-01-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Digital+Dialogue+-+Employee+Newsletter+of+Digital+Research+Inc.&rft.atitle=PC-Mode+bridges+CP%2FM+and+PC+DOS&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1984&rft.au=Digital+Research&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcorphist.computerhistory.org%2Fcorphist%2Fview.php%3Fs%3Ddocuments%26id%3D1008&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMP%2FM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DRI_1984_CCPM31-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DRI_1984_CCPM31_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDigital_Research1984" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Digital_Research" title="Digital Research">Digital Research</a> (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://corphist.computerhistory.org/corphist/view.php?s=documents&id=1008">"Concurrent CP/M ships early in response to team effort"</a>. <i>Digital Dialogue - Employee Newsletter of Digital Research Inc</i>. <b>3</b> (1): 1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170104183231/http://corphist.computerhistory.org/corphist/documents/doc-4468e75a9255a.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2017-01-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-01-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Digital+Dialogue+-+Employee+Newsletter+of+Digital+Research+Inc.&rft.atitle=Concurrent+CP%2FM+ships+early+in+response+to+team+effort&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1984&rft.au=Digital+Research&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcorphist.computerhistory.org%2Fcorphist%2Fview.php%3Fs%3Ddocuments%26id%3D1008&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMP%2FM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DRI_1984_CDOS31-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DRI_1984_CDOS31_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDigital_Research1984" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Digital_Research" title="Digital Research">Digital Research</a> (May 1984). "Concurrent DOS bridges PC DOS, CP/M". <i>Digital Research News - for Digital Research Users Everywhere</i>. <b>4</b> (2): 3. <q>[…] "Concurrent DOS Release 3.1 is rapidly gaining momentum and support from a wide range of microcomputer manufacturers," Wandryk said. "Some 60 hardware companies have licensed the product since it was released in early March." […]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Digital+Research+News+-+for+Digital+Research+Users+Everywhere&rft.atitle=Concurrent+DOS+bridges+PC+DOS%2C+CP%2FM&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1984-05&rft.au=Digital+Research&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMP%2FM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Compupro816-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Compupro816_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160103062455/http://www.old-computers.com/museum/computer.asp?st=1&c=651">"Compupro 8/16"</a>. <i>oldcomputers.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.old-computers.com/museum/computer.asp?c=651&st=1">the original</a> on 2016-01-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-07-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=oldcomputers.com&rft.atitle=Compupro+8%2F16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.old-computers.com%2Fmuseum%2Fcomputer.asp%3Fc%3D651%26st%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMP%2FM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Swaine_1982_MPM286-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Swaine_1982_MPM286_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwaine1982" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Swaine_(technical_author)" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Swaine (technical author)">Swaine, Michael</a> (1982-04-05). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZjAEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA4">"Homebrew Computer Club views Intel's superchip"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/InfoWorld" title="InfoWorld">InfoWorld</a></i>. <b>4</b> (13). Palo Alto, CA, USA: 4. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200107223947/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZjAEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA4&lpg=PA4">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-01-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-01-07</span></span>. <q>[…] <a href="/wiki/Digital_Research" title="Digital Research">Digital Research</a> is producing an operating system for the <a href="/wiki/Intel_80286" title="Intel 80286">286</a>. MP/M-286 will take advantage of the processor's memory management and protection and virtual memory support. Digital Research is promising "complete" compatibility with its MP/M-86 and <a href="/wiki/CP/M-86" title="CP/M-86">CP/M-86</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Intel_8086" title="Intel 8086">8086</a> processor. <a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a> is supplying Digital Research with the hardware to develop and test MP/M-286. […]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=InfoWorld&rft.atitle=Homebrew+Computer+Club+views+Intel%27s+superchip&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=13&rft.pages=4&rft.date=1982-04-05&rft.aulast=Swaine&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZjAEAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMP%2FM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bidmead_1985_CCPM286-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bidmead_1985_CCPM286_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bidmead_1985_CCPM286_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBidmead2006" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_H._Bidmead" title="Christopher H. Bidmead">Bidmead, Christopher H.</a> (2006-05-09) [1985-03-25]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bidmeadia.blogspot.com/2006/05/surviving-big-blue.html">"Surviving Big Blue"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Who_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctor Who (magazine)">Doctor Who</a></i>. Which Computer?. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200107223658/http://bidmeadia.blogspot.com/2006/05/surviving-big-blue.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-01-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-01-07</span></span>. <q>[…] Paul Bailey of <a href="/wiki/Digital_Research" title="Digital Research">Digital Research</a> keenly promotes this approach; it is his company that is supplying <a href="/wiki/International_Computers_Limited" title="International Computers Limited">ICL</a> and others with <a href="/wiki/Concurrent_DOS_286" class="mw-redirect" title="Concurrent DOS 286">Concurrent Dos-286</a>. This chameleon operating system allows ICL and other <a href="/wiki/Intel_80286" title="Intel 80286">80286</a> manufacturers to build machines that will be able to cope with all the existing body of IBM-PC software -- and at the same time promise multi-tasking, windowing and true concurrency, three features that together allow a single micro to do several things at once. […] Although no firm announcements have been made, it seems certain that by the end of the year <a href="/wiki/Applied_Computer_Techniques" class="mw-redirect" title="Applied Computer Techniques">ACT</a> will be offering a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Concurrent_CP/M-286&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Concurrent CP/M-286 (page does not exist)">Concurrent CP/M 286</a> machine to fuel its drive into the corporate market. But by this time it will have to contend with <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>'s own 80286 office micro, the PC/AT. […] IBM also have a software product in the offing that could pull the rug out from under the Concurrent contenders. Some 180K in size, <a href="/wiki/TopView" class="mw-redirect" title="TopView">TopView</a> is a program for IBM PC's and AT's that beefs up the operating system to provide windowing facilities for existing 'well behaved' standard packages. […]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Doctor+Who&rft.atitle=Surviving+Big+Blue&rft.date=2006-05-09&rft.aulast=Bidmead&rft.aufirst=Christopher+H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbidmeadia.blogspot.com%2F2006%2F05%2Fsurviving-big-blue.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMP%2FM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MP/M_II_1982_UG-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MP/M_II_1982_UG_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDigital_Research1982" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Digital_Research" title="Digital Research">Digital Research</a> (August 1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cpm.z80.de/manuals/mpm2ug.pdf"><i>MP/M II Operating System - User's Guide</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (2 ed.). Pacific Grove, CA, USA: <a href="/wiki/Digital_Research" title="Digital Research">Digital Research</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191020124021/http://www.cpm.z80.de/manuals/mpm2ug.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2019-10-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-01-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=MP%2FM+II+Operating+System+-+User%27s+Guide&rft.place=Pacific+Grove%2C+CA%2C+USA&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Digital+Research&rft.date=1982-08&rft.au=Digital+Research&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cpm.z80.de%2Fmanuals%2Fmpm2ug.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMP%2FM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kildall_1981_CP/M-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kildall_1981_CP/M_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kildall_1981_CP/M_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kildall_1981_CP/M_27-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKildall1981" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gary_Arlen_Kildall" class="mw-redirect" title="Gary Arlen Kildall">Kildall, Gary Arlen</a> (June 1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.digitalresearch.biz/GARY&CPM.HTM">"CP/M: A Family of 8-and 16-Bit Operating Systems"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BYTE" class="mw-redirect" title="BYTE">BYTE</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-09-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BYTE&rft.atitle=CP%2FM%3A+A+Family+of+8-and+16-Bit+Operating+Systems&rft.date=1981-06&rft.aulast=Kildall&rft.aufirst=Gary+Arlen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.digitalresearch.biz%2FGARY%26CPM.HTM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMP%2FM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CP/NET_1982-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CP/NET_1982_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CP/NET_1982_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CP/NET_1982_28-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.autometer.de/unix4fun/z80pack/cpnet/cpnet.htm"><i>CP/NET - Network Operating System - Reference Manual</i></a> (5 ed.). <a href="/wiki/Digital_Research" title="Digital Research">Digital Research</a>. November 1982 [1980]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161124221147/http://www.autometer.de/unix4fun/z80pack/cpnet/cpnet.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-11-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-11-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=CP%2FNET+-+Network+Operating+System+-+Reference+Manual&rft.edition=5&rft.pub=Digital+Research&rft.date=1982-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.autometer.de%2Funix4fun%2Fz80pack%2Fcpnet%2Fcpnet.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMP%2FM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Olmstead_1997_1-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Olmstead_1997_1_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlmstead1997" class="citation newsgroup cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tim_Olmstead_(CP/M)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tim Olmstead (CP/M)">Olmstead, Tim</a> (1997-08-10). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170901022510/http://z80cpu.eu/files/archive/news/comp.os.cpm/threads/e088021c97ffcb09.html">"CP/M Web site needs a host"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Usenet_newsgroup" title="Usenet newsgroup">Newsgroup</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="news:comp.os.cpm">comp.os.cpm</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://z80cpu.eu/files/archive/news/comp.os.cpm/threads/e088021c97ffcb09.html">the original</a> on 2017-09-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-09-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CP%2FM+Web+site+needs+a+host&rft.pub=comp.os.cpm&rft.date=1997-08-10&rft.aulast=Olmstead&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fz80cpu.eu%2Ffiles%2Farchive%2Fnews%2Fcomp.os.cpm%2Fthreads%2Fe088021c97ffcb09.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMP%2FM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Olmstead_1997_2-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Olmstead_1997_2_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlmstead1997" class="citation newsgroup cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tim_Olmstead_(CP/M)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tim Olmstead (CP/M)">Olmstead, Tim</a> (1997-08-29). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170901150920/http://z80cpu.eu/roche-pages/78-data-articles/projects/75-comp-os-cpm">"ANNOUNCE: Caldera CP/M site is now up"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Usenet_newsgroup" title="Usenet newsgroup">Newsgroup</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="news:comp.os.cpm">comp.os.cpm</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://z80cpu.eu/roche-pages/78-data-articles/projects/75-comp-os-cpm">the original</a> on 2017-09-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-09-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ANNOUNCE%3A+Caldera+CP%2FM+site+is+now+up&rft.pub=comp.os.cpm&rft.date=1997-08-29&rft.aulast=Olmstead&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fz80cpu.eu%2Froche-pages%2F78-data-articles%2Fprojects%2F75-comp-os-cpm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMP%2FM" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20011006110826/http://cdl.uta.edu/cpm">[3]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Caldera_1997_CP/M-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Caldera_1997_CP/M_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20180908191417/http://www.retroarchive.org/cpm/archive/unofficial/lisence.html">"License Agreement"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Caldera,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Caldera, Inc.">Caldera, Inc.</a> 1997-08-28. Archived from the original on 2018-09-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-09-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=License+Agreement&rft.pub=Caldera%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1997-08-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.retroarchive.org%2Fcpm%2Farchive%2Funofficial%2Flisence.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMP%2FM" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="ftp://ftp.uni-bayreuth.de/pub/pc/caldera/cpm2.2/README.license.txt">[4]</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged December 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="ftp://ftp.uni-bayreuth.de/pub/pc/caldera/cpm2.2/">[5]</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged December 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Olmstead_2001_Death-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Olmstead_2001_Death_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllison2001" class="citation newsgroup cs1">Allison (2001-09-12). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://groups.google.com/d/msg/comp.os.cpm/jESCg1Nt6GQ/MiR-UcFqhecJ">"Tim Olmstead"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Usenet_newsgroup" title="Usenet newsgroup">Newsgroup</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="news:comp.os.cpm">comp.os.cpm</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tim+Olmstead&rft.pub=comp.os.cpm&rft.date=2001-09-12&rft.au=Allison&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgroups.google.com%2Fd%2Fmsg%2Fcomp.os.cpm%2FjESCg1Nt6GQ%2FMiR-UcFqhecJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMP%2FM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sparks_2001_CP/M-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sparks_2001_CP/M_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSparks2001" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bryan_Wayne_Sparks" class="mw-redirect" title="Bryan Wayne Sparks">Sparks, Bryan Wayne</a> (2001-10-19). Chaudry, Gabriele "Gaby" (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20180908185132/http://www.cpm.z80.de/license.html">"License agreement for the CP/M material presented on this site"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Lineo,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Lineo, Inc.">Lineo, Inc.</a> Archived from the original on 2018-09-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-09-09</span></span>. <q>[…] Let this email represent a right to use, distribute, modify, enhance and otherwise make available in a nonexclusive manner the CP/M technology as part of the "Unofficial CP/M Web Site" with its maintainers, developers and community. I further state that as Chairman and CEO of <a href="/wiki/Lineo,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Lineo, Inc.">Lineo, Inc.</a> that I have the right to do offer such a license. […] <a href="/wiki/Bryan_Wayne_Sparks" class="mw-redirect" title="Bryan Wayne Sparks">Bryan Sparks</a> […]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=License+agreement+for+the+CP%2FM+material+presented+on+this+site&rft.pub=Lineo%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2001-10-19&rft.aulast=Sparks&rft.aufirst=Bryan+Wayne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cpm.z80.de%2Flicense.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMP%2FM" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chaudry_2001_CP/M-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Chaudry_2001_CP/M_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChaudry" class="citation web cs1">Chaudry, Gabriele "Gaby" (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cpm.z80.de/">"The Unofficial CP/M Web Site"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160203184144/http://www.cpm.z80.de/">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-02-03.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Unofficial+CP%2FM+Web+Site&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cpm.z80.de%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMP%2FM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gasperson_2001_Collection-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gasperson_2001_Collection_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGasperson2001" class="citation web cs1">Gasperson, Tina (2001-11-26). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theregister.co.uk/2001/11/26/cp_m_collection_is_back/">"CP/M collection is back online with an Open Source licence - Walk down memory lane"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Register" title="The Register">The Register</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170901000720/https://www.theregister.co.uk/2001/11/26/cp_m_collection_is_back/">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-09-01.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Register&rft.atitle=CP%2FM+collection+is+back+online+with+an+Open+Source+licence+-+Walk+down+memory+lane&rft.date=2001-11-26&rft.aulast=Gasperson&rft.aufirst=Tina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theregister.co.uk%2F2001%2F11%2F26%2Fcp_m_collection_is_back%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMP%2FM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Swaine_2004_CP/M-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Swaine_2004_CP/M_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwaine2004" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Swaine_(technical_author)" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Swaine (technical author)">Swaine, Michael</a> (2004-06-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180909035748/http://www.drdobbs.com/cpm-and-drm/184405699">"CP/M and DRM"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dr._Dobb%27s_Journal" title="Dr. Dobb's Journal">Dr. Dobb's Journal</a></i>. <b>29</b> (6). <a href="/wiki/CMP_Media_LLC" class="mw-redirect" title="CMP Media LLC">CMP Media LLC</a>: 71–73. #361. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.drdobbs.com/cpm-and-drm/184405699">the original</a> on 2018-09-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-09-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dr.+Dobb%27s+Journal&rft.atitle=CP%2FM+and+DRM&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=71-73&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.aulast=Swaine&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drdobbs.com%2Fcpm-and-drm%2F184405699&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMP%2FM" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://epdf.pub/dr-dobbs-journal-june.html">[6]</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Resource_construction_set" title="Resource construction set">Resource construction set</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ViewMAX" title="ViewMAX">ViewMAX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XLT86" class="mw-redirect" title="XLT86">XLT86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero_page_(CP/M)" title="Zero page (CP/M)">Zero page</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating systems</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CP/M" title="CP/M">CP/M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CP/M-86" title="CP/M-86">CP/M-86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DOS_Plus" title="DOS Plus">DOS Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DR-DOS" title="DR-DOS">DR-DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FlexOS" title="FlexOS">FlexOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMDOS" title="IMDOS">IMDOS</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">MP/M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiuser_DOS" title="Multiuser DOS">Multiuser DOS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CPMulator" title="CPMulator">CPMulator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek_project" title="Star Trek project">Star Trek project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_computers_running_CP/M" title="List of computers running CP/M">List of computers running CP/M</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Digital_Research" title="Category:Digital Research">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Disk_operating_systems_(DOS)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Disk_operating_systems" title="Template:Disk operating systems"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Disk_operating_systems" title="Template talk:Disk operating systems"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Disk_operating_systems" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Disk operating systems"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Disk_operating_systems_(DOS)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Disk_operating_system" title="Disk operating system">Disk operating systems</a> (DOS)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">MS-DOS, IBM PC DOS,<br />compatible systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="*API_*Timeline_*Comparison_*Commands_*Games"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DOS_API" title="DOS API">API</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_DOS_operating_systems" title="Timeline of DOS operating systems">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_DOS_operating_systems" title="Comparison of DOS operating systems">Comparison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_DOS_commands" title="List of DOS commands">Commands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_DOS_games" title="Index of DOS games">Games</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS">MS-DOS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MS-DOS_4.0_(multitasking)" title="MS-DOS 4.0 (multitasking)">Multitasking MS-DOS 4.0/4.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MS-DOS_7" title="MS-DOS 7">MS-DOS 7</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_PC_DOS" title="IBM PC DOS">IBM PC DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DOS/V" title="DOS/V">DOS/V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DR-DOS" title="DR-DOS">DR-DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H-DOS" class="mw-redirect" title="H-DOS">H-DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novell_DOS" class="mw-redirect" title="Novell DOS">Novell DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ROM-DOS" class="mw-redirect" title="ROM-DOS">ROM-DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SISNE_plus" title="SISNE plus">SISNE plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PTS-DOS" title="PTS-DOS">PTS-DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FreeDOS" title="FreeDOS">FreeDOS</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other <a href="/wiki/X86" title="X86">x86</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_4680_OS" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM 4680 OS">4680 OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4690_OS" class="mw-redirect" title="4690 OS">4690 OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/86-DOS" title="86-DOS">86-DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADOS_(Russian_operating_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="ADOS (Russian operating system)">ADOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concurrent_CP/M-86" class="mw-redirect" title="Concurrent CP/M-86">Concurrent CP/M-86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concurrent_DOS" class="mw-redirect" title="Concurrent DOS">Concurrent DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CP/M-86" title="CP/M-86">CP/M-86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CP/K" class="mw-redirect" title="CP/K">CP/K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datapac_System_Manager" class="mw-redirect" title="Datapac System Manager">Datapac System Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DOS_Plus" title="DOS Plus">DOS Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K8918-OS" class="mw-redirect" title="K8918-OS">K8918-OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FlexOS" title="FlexOS">FlexOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MP/M-86" class="mw-redirect" title="MP/M-86">MP/M-86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiuser_DOS" title="Multiuser DOS">Multiuser DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetWare_PalmDOS" class="mw-redirect" title="NetWare PalmDOS">NetWare PalmDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novell_DOS" class="mw-redirect" title="Novell DOS">Novell DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenDOS" class="mw-redirect" title="OpenDOS">OpenDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PC-MOS/386" title="PC-MOS/386">PC-MOS/386</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/REAL/32" class="mw-redirect" title="REAL/32">REAL/32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SB-86" class="mw-redirect" title="SB-86">SB-86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCP1700" class="mw-redirect" title="SCP1700">SCP1700</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Towns_OS" class="mw-redirect" title="Towns OS">Towns OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TurboDOS" title="TurboDOS">TurboDOS</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other platforms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AmigaDOS" title="AmigaDOS">AmigaDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMSDOS" title="AMSDOS">AMSDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANDOS" title="ANDOS">ANDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_DOS" title="Apple DOS">Apple DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_ProDOS" title="Apple ProDOS">Apple ProDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_SOS" title="Apple SOS">Apple SOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_DOS" title="Atari DOS">Atari DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_TOS" title="Atari TOS">Atari TOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BW-DOS" class="mw-redirect" title="BW-DOS">BW-DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodore_DOS" title="Commodore DOS">Commodore DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concurrent_DOS_68K" class="mw-redirect" title="Concurrent DOS 68K">Concurrent DOS 68K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concurrent_DOS_V60" class="mw-redirect" title="Concurrent DOS V60">Concurrent DOS V60</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CP/M" title="CP/M">CP/M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cromemco_DOS" title="Cromemco DOS">Cromemco DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSI-DOS" title="CSI-DOS">CSI-DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DEC_BATCH-11/DOS-11" title="DEC BATCH-11/DOS-11">DEC BATCH-11/DOS-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DIP_DOS" class="mw-redirect" title="DIP DOS">DIP DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DOS/360" class="mw-redirect" title="DOS/360">DOS/360</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DOS_XL" title="DOS XL">DOS XL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edos" title="Edos">Edos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EOS_(8-bit_operating_system)" title="EOS (8-bit operating system)">EOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FLEX_(operating_system)" title="FLEX (operating system)">FLEX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GEMDOS" class="mw-redirect" title="GEMDOS">GEMDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IDEDOS" title="IDEDOS">IDEDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMDOS" title="IMDOS">IMDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IS-DOS" title="IS-DOS">iS-DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISIS_(operating_system)" title="ISIS (operating system)">ISIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myarc_Disk_Operating_System" title="Myarc Disk Operating System">MDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RCA_MicroDOS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RCA MicroDOS (page does not exist)">MicroDOS</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">MP/M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSX-DOS" title="MSX-DOS">MSX-DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MyDOS" class="mw-redirect" title="MyDOS">MyDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NewDos/80" title="NewDos/80">NewDos/80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OS/M" class="mw-redirect" title="OS/M">OS/M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PTDOS" title="PTDOS">PTDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RealDOS" class="mw-redirect" title="RealDOS">RealDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SB-80" class="mw-redirect" title="SB-80">SB-80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_User_Control_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Single User Control Program">SCP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinclair_QDOS" title="Sinclair QDOS">Sinclair QDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_General_RDOS" title="Data General RDOS">RDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SmartDOS" class="mw-redirect" title="SmartDOS">SmartDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpartaDOS" class="mw-redirect" title="SpartaDOS">SpartaDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpartaDOS_X" title="SpartaDOS X">SpartaDOS X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_Support_SuperDOS" class="mw-redirect" title="Technical Support SuperDOS">Technical Support SuperDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top-DOS" class="mw-redirect" title="Top-DOS">Top-DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TR-DOS" title="TR-DOS">TR-DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRSDOS" title="TRSDOS">TRSDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TurboDOS" title="TurboDOS">TurboDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UDOS" class="mw-redirect" title="UDOS">UDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z-DOS" title="Z-DOS">Z-DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z80-RIO" title="Z80-RIO">Z80-RIO</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Disk_operating_systems" title="Category:Disk operating systems">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" 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