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href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ms.wikipedia.org&uselang=ms" class=""><span>Derma</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buka_akaun&returnto=Skala+Richter" title="Anda digalakkan untuk membuka akaun dan melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ianya tidak wajib" class=""><span>Buka akaun</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Log_masuk&returnto=Skala+Richter" title="Anda digalakkan untuk melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ia tidak wajib. 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class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Tapak"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Kandungan" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Kandungan</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Permulaan</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Pembangunan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pembangunan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Pembangunan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pembangunan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Magnitud_Richter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Magnitud_Richter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Magnitud Richter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Magnitud_Richter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_juga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_juga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Lihat juga</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_juga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rujukan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rujukan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Rujukan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rujukan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pautan_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pautan_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Pautan luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pautan_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Kandungan" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Togol isi kandungan" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Togol isi kandungan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Skala Richter</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke rencana dalam bahasa lain. Tersedia dalam 93 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-93" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">93 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richterskaal" title="Richterskaal – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Richterskaal" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="مقياس ريختر – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مقياس ريختر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escala_sismol%C3%B3xica_de_Richter" title="Escala sismolóxica de Richter – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Escala sismolóxica de Richter" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rixter_%C5%9Fkalas%C4%B1" title="Rixter şkalası – Azerbaijan" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Rixter şkalası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="ریشتر سایی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ریشتر سایی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skala_Richter" title="Skala Richter – Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Skala Richter" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80" title="রিখটার মাপনী – Benggali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রিখটার মাপনী" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Benggali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richter_kui-b%C3%B4%CD%98" title="Richter kui-bô͘ – Cina Min Nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Richter kui-bô͘" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Cina Min Nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="रिक्टर पैमाना – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="रिक्टर पैमाना" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richterova_skala" title="Richterova skala – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Richterova skala" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skeuliad_Richter" title="Skeuliad Richter – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Skeuliad Richter" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%85%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Скала на Рихтер – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Скала на Рихтер" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escala_de_Richter" title="Escala de Richter – Catalonia" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Escala de Richter" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richterova_stupnice" title="Richterova stupnice – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Richterova stupnice" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scala_di_Richter" title="Scala di Richter – Corsica" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Scala di Richter" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graddfa_Richter" title="Graddfa Richter – Wales" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Graddfa Richter" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wales" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richterskalaen" title="Richterskalaen – Denmark" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Richterskalaen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Denmark" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richterskala" title="Richterskala – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Richterskala" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richteri_skaala" title="Richteri skaala – Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Richteri skaala" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B1_%CE%A1%CE%AF%CF%87%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%81" title="Κλίμακα Ρίχτερ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κλίμακα Ρίχτερ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richter_scale" title="Richter scale – Inggeris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Richter scale" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggeris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escala_sismol%C3%B3gica_de_Richter" title="Escala sismológica de Richter – Sepanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Escala sismológica de Richter" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sepanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skalo_de_Richter" title="Skalo de Richter – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Skalo de Richter" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richter_eskala" title="Richter eskala – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Richter eskala" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="مقیاس ریشتر – Parsi" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مقیاس ریشتر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Parsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richterstigin" title="Richterstigin – Faroe" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Richterstigin" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89chelle_de_Richter" title="Échelle de Richter – Perancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Échelle de Richter" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Perancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skaal_fan_Richter" title="Skaal fan Richter – Frisian Barat" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Skaal fan Richter" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisian Barat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scjale_Richter" title="Scjale Richter – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Scjale Richter" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sc%C3%A1la_Richter" title="Scála Richter – Ireland" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Scála Richter" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Ireland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escala_de_Richter" title="Escala de Richter – Galicia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Escala de Richter" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%9F%E0%AA%B0_%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%97%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%9F%E0%AA%AF%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%A1_%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%B2" title="રિકટર મેગ્નીટયુડ સ્કેલ – Gujarat" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="રિકટર મેગ્નીટયુડ સ્કેલ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A6%AD%ED%84%B0_%EA%B7%9C%EB%AA%A8" title="릭터 규모 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="릭터 규모" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%AB%D5%AD%D5%BF%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB_%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%AF" title="Ռիխտերի սանդղակ – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռիխտերի սանդղակ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="रिक्टर पैमाना – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रिक्टर पैमाना" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richterova_ljestvica" title="Richterova ljestvica – Croatia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Richterova ljestvica" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skalo_di_Richter" title="Skalo di Richter – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Skalo di Richter" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scala_Richter" title="Scala Richter – Itali" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Scala Richter" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Itali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%9D_%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%98%D7%A8" title="סולם ריכטר – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סולם ריכטר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skala_Richter" title="Skala Richter – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Skala Richter" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%95" title="ರಿಕ್ಟರ್ ಮಾಪಕ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ರಿಕ್ಟರ್ ಮಾಪಕ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%AE%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90" title="რიხტერის სკალა – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რიხტერის სკალა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayitid" title="Mayitid – Kreol Haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Mayitid" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Kreol Haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scala_Richteriana" title="Scala Richteriana – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Scala Richteriana" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rihtera_skala" title="Rihtera skala – Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Rihtera skala" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjaol_van_Richter" title="Sjaol van Richter – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Sjaol van Richter" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richter-sk%C3%A1la" title="Richter-skála – Hungary" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Richter-skála" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungary" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%85%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Рихтерова скала – Macedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Рихтерова скала" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82" title="റിക്ടർ മാനകം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റിക്ടർ മാനകം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%A4" title="रिश्टर मापनपद्धत – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="रिश्टर मापनपद्धत" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%AE%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90" title="რიხტერიშ სკალა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="რიხტერიშ სკალა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="جدول ريختر – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جدول ريختر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%85%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Рихтерийн шаталбар – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Рихтерийн шаталбар" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schaal_van_Richter" title="Schaal van Richter – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Schaal van Richter" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9E%E3%82%B0%E3%83%8B%E3%83%81%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89" title="ローカル・マグニチュード – Jepun" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ローカル・マグニチュード" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richters_skala" title="Richters skala – Bokmal Norway" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Richters skala" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmal Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richterskalaen" title="Richterskalaen – Nynorsk Norway" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Richterskalaen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnitud_d%27un_t%C3%A8rratremol" title="Magnitud d'un tèrratremol – Occitania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Magnitud d'un tèrratremol" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%B0_%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%B2" title="ରିକ୍ଟର ସ୍କେଲ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ରିକ୍ଟର ସ୍କେଲ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zilzila_magnitudasi" title="Zilzila magnitudasi – Uzbekistan" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Zilzila magnitudasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbekistan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B2" title="ਰਿਕਟਰ ਸਕੇਲ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰਿਕਟਰ ਸਕੇਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scala_%C3%ABd_Richter" title="Scala ëd Richter – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Scala ëd Richter" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skala_Richtera" title="Skala Richtera – Poland" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Skala Richtera" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escala_de_Richter" title="Escala de Richter – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Escala de Richter" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scara_de_magnitudine_Richter" title="Scara de magnitudine Richter – Romania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Scara de magnitudine Richter" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%85%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Шкала Рихтера – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Шкала Рихтера" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shkalla_e_Rihterit" title="Shkalla e Rihterit – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Shkalla e Rihterit" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scala_Richter" title="Scala Richter – Sicili" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Scala Richter" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richter_scale" title="Richter scale – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Richter scale" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lok%C3%A1lne_magnit%C3%BAdo" title="Lokálne magnitúdo – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Lokálne magnitúdo" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richterjeva_potresna_lestvica" title="Richterjeva potresna lestvica – Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Richterjeva potresna lestvica" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rikter_Cabir" title="Rikter Cabir – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Rikter Cabir" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%85%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Рихтерова скала магнитуде потреса – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Рихтерова скала магнитуде потреса" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richterova_skala" title="Richterova skala – SerboCroatia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Richterova skala" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="SerboCroatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richterin_asteikko" title="Richterin asteikko – Finland" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Richterin asteikko" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richterskalan" title="Richterskalan – Sweden" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Richterskalan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweden" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskalang_sismolohikong_Richter" title="Eskalang sismolohikong Richter – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Eskalang sismolohikong Richter" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81" title="ரிக்டர் அளவு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ரிக்டர் அளவு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%85%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Рихтер магнитуда шкаласы – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Рихтер магнитуда шкаласы" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="มาตราริกเตอร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มาตราริกเตอร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%99_Richter" title="Độ Richter – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Độ Richter" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B6%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%85%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Ҷадвали Рихтер – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҷадвали Рихтер" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richter_%C3%B6l%C3%A7e%C4%9Fi" title="Richter ölçeği – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Richter ölçeği" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D1%96%D1%85%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Шкала Ріхтера – Ukraine" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Шкала Ріхтера" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraine" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%B9%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%84" title="ریکٹر اسکیل – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ریکٹر اسکیل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sca%C5%82a_sismo%C5%82%C3%B2zega_de_Richter" title="Scała sismołòzega de Richter – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Scała sismołòzega de Richter" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sch%C3%A5le_di_Richter" title="Schåle di Richter – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Schåle di Richter" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richterschoale" title="Richterschoale – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Richterschoale" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escala_hin_magnitud_Richter" title="Escala hin magnitud Richter – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Escala hin magnitud Richter" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a 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href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q38768" title="Pautan ke item repositori data yang bersambung [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Penampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Penampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Daripada Wikipedia, ensiklopedia bebas.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ms" dir="ltr"><p><b>Skala magnitud Richter</b> (atau ringkasnya <b>skala Richter</b>) ialah suatu sistem <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skala_seismos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skala seismos (laman tidak wujud)">skala seismos</a> yang dibangunkan bagi memberikan suatu nombor bagi mewakili tenaga yang dibebaskan semasa suatu <a href="/wiki/Gempa_bumi" title="Gempa bumi">gempa bumi</a>. </p><p>Skala ini ialah suatu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skala_logaritma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skala logaritma (laman tidak wujud)">skala logaritma</a> <a href="/wiki/Perpuluhan" title="Perpuluhan">asas-10</a>. Magnitudnya ditakrifkan sebagai logaritma nisbah <a href="/wiki/Amplitud" title="Amplitud">amplitud</a> gelombang yang diukur oleh <a href="/wiki/Seismometer" title="Seismometer">seismograf</a> kepada suatu amplitud kecil sembarangan. Jadi gempa bumi yang berukuran 5.0 pada skala Richter memiliki amplitud gegaran 10 kali lebih besar daripada gempa yang berukuran 4.0, dan berpadanan dengan keluaran tenaga 31.6 kali lebih besar.<sup id="cite_ref-USGS_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USGS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sejak pertengahan abad ke-20, penggunaan skala magnitud Richter telah mula digantikan oleh <a href="/wiki/Skala_magnitud_momen" title="Skala magnitud momen">skala magnitud momen</a> (MMS) di banyak negara. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pembangunan">Pembangunan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skala_Richter&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bahagian: Pembangunan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skala_Richter&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Pembangunan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Skala Richter dicipta oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Francis_Richter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Francis Richter (laman tidak wujud)">Charles Francis Richter</a> pada 1935: Charles sebelum ini telah mempelajari bidang seismologi di <a href="/wiki/Universiti_Stanford" title="Universiti Stanford">Universiti Stanford</a>. Pada tahun 1927, Beliau mula bekerja di makmal seismologi di Pasadena, California dan setahun kemudian Charles F. Richter telah melanjutkan pengajian ijazah kedoktoran dalam bidang <a href="/wiki/Fizik" title="Fizik">fizik</a> teori di <a href="/wiki/Institut_Teknologi_California" title="Institut Teknologi California">Institut Teknologi California</a> (CalTech) pada tahun 1928. </p><p>Pada tahun 1935, Richter dengan bantuan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Beno_Gutenberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beno Gutenberg (laman tidak wujud)">Beno Gutenberg</a> telah mengembangkan satu sistem untuk mengukur kekuatan gempa bumi yang dikenali sebagai skala Richter sempena namanya dan pada mulanya bertujuan digunakan di <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> sahaja. Skala Richter yang dikembangkannya merupakan gandaan matematik untuk membezakan sesuatu kekuatan <a href="/wiki/Gempa_bumi" title="Gempa bumi">gempa bumi</a> dan diterima pakai secara meluas setelah diubah suai. Kekuatan gempa bumi ditetapkan dengan penggunaan logaritma gandaan (amplitud) gelombang yang dirakamkan oleh mesin seismograf. </p><p>Richter memilih secara sembarangan peristiwa bermagnitud 0 ialah gempa bumi yang menunjukkan <a href="/wiki/Sesaran" title="Sesaran">sesaran</a> mendatar tergabung maksimum sebanyak 1 µm pada seismogram yang direkod menggunakan seismograf kilasan Wood-Anderson 100 km (62 bt) dari <a href="/wiki/Pusat_gempa" title="Pusat gempa">pusat gempa</a>. Gempa bumi terkecil yang boleh direkodkan dan dikenal pasti ketika itu ialah sekitar magnitud 3. Sebagai bandingan, gempa dengan kekuatan 2.0 atau lebih kecil dianggap gempa mikro, biasanya tidak dapat dikesan oleh manusia dan hanya dirakamkan di mesin seismograf tempatan. Gempa bumi dengan kekuatan 4.5 mampu dirakam mesin seismograf di seluruh dunia dan berlaku beribu kali setahun. Kekuatan 5.3 dikelaskan sebagai gempa bumi sederhana dan kekuatan 6.3 dikelaskan sebagai gempa bumi yang kuat.<sup id="cite_ref-USGS_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USGS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gempa bumi besar seperti yang terjadi di <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a> tahun 1964 diukur memiliki magnitud 8.0 atau lebih. Rata-rata satu gempa bumi yang berukuran seperti itu terjadi setiap tahun.<sup id="cite_ref-USGS_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USGS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Magnitud_Richter">Magnitud Richter</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skala_Richter&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bahagian: Magnitud Richter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skala_Richter&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Magnitud Richter"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Magnitud Richter suatu gempa bumi ditentukan daripada <a href="/wiki/Logaritma" title="Logaritma">logaritma</a> <a href="/wiki/Amplitud" title="Amplitud">amplitud</a> gelombang yang direkodkan seismograf (pelarasan dibuat bagi memampas jarak antara seismograf dan <a href="/wiki/Pusat_gempa" title="Pusat gempa">pusat gempa</a>). Formula asal ialah:<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle M_{\mathrm {L} }=\log _{10}A-\log _{10}A_{\mathrm {0} }(\delta )=\log _{10}[A/A_{\mathrm {0} }(\delta )],\ }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">L</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>log</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>10</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>⁡</mo> <mi>A</mi> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mi>log</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>10</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>⁡</mo> <msub> <mi>A</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>δ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>log</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>10</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>⁡</mo> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mi>A</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>A</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>δ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> <mo>,</mo> <mtext> </mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle M_{\mathrm {L} }=\log _{10}A-\log _{10}A_{\mathrm {0} }(\delta )=\log _{10}[A/A_{\mathrm {0} }(\delta )],\ }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7690368e779e6224c83c3ec0a3ae8432a6c05c87" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:46.737ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle M_{\mathrm {L} }=\log _{10}A-\log _{10}A_{\mathrm {0} }(\delta )=\log _{10}[A/A_{\mathrm {0} }(\delta )],\ }"></span></dd></dl> <p>di mana A ialah persiaran maksimum seismograf Wood-Anderson, fungsi empirik A<sub>0</sub> bergantung hanya pada <a href="/wiki/Jarak_epipusat" class="mw-redirect" title="Jarak epipusat">jarak epipusat</a> stesen tersebut, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \delta }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>δ</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \delta }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c5321cfa797202b3e1f8620663ff43c4660ea03a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.049ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \delta }"></span>. Pada praktiknya, purata bacaan daripada semua stesen pencerapan diambil selepas pelarasan bagi mendapat nilai <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle M_{\text{L}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>L</mtext> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle M_{\text{L}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/bfae3211692f0753547d54a10592239a95d3d7bc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.514ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle M_{\text{L}}}"></span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_juga">Lihat juga</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skala_Richter&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bahagian: Lihat juga" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skala_Richter&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Lihat juga"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skala_seismos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skala seismos (laman tidak wujud)">Skala seismos</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Skala_Mercalli" title="Skala Mercalli">Skala Mercalli</a> (skala keamatan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skala_magnitud_momen" title="Skala magnitud momen">Skala magnitud momen</a> ("pengganti" skala Richter)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rujukan">Rujukan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skala_Richter&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bahagian: Rujukan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skala_Richter&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Rujukan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6173370">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-USGS-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-USGS_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USGS_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USGS_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5110723">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/topics/measure.php">"Measuring the Size of an Earthquake"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pemantauan_Geologi_Amerika_Syarikat" title="Pemantauan Geologi Amerika Syarikat">USGS</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">1 Mac</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Measuring+the+Size+of+an+Earthquake&rft.pub=USGS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fearthquake.usgs.gov%2Flearn%2Ftopics%2Fmeasure.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASkala+Richter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_L._Ellsworth1991" class="citation journal cs1">William L. Ellsworth (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.johnmartin.com/earthquakes/eqsafs/safs_693.htm">"The Richter Scale <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle M_{\text{L}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>L</mtext> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle M_{\text{L}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/bfae3211692f0753547d54a10592239a95d3d7bc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.514ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle M_{\text{L}}}"></span>, from The San Andreas Fault System, California (Professional Paper 1515)"</a>. USGS: Bab 6, m/s. 177<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">2009-09-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Richter+Scale+MATH+RENDER+ERROR%2C+from+The+San+Andreas+Fault+System%2C+California+%28Professional+Paper+1515%29&rft.pages=Bab+6%2C+m%2Fs.+177&rft.date=1991&rft.au=William+L.+Ellsworth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.johnmartin.com%2Fearthquakes%2Feqsafs%2Fsafs_693.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASkala+Richter" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-hidden-error error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pautan_luar">Pautan luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skala_Richter&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bahagian: Pautan luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skala_Richter&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Pautan luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="languageicon" style="font-size:0.85em; font-weight:bold; color:#555" title="Bahasa (ms)">(Melayu)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080204160739/http://www.geocities.com/semua_hal/FaktaSkalaRichter.htm">Sumber asal skala Richter.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ukm.my/zuhairi/Pengajaran/internet_projects/stag3042/sesi%202004_05/earthquake2/wan/perbandingan_gempa_bumi.htm">Perbandingan Gempa Bumi</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diambil daripada "<a dir="ltr" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Skala_Richter&oldid=5311041">https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Skala_Richter&oldid=5311041</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Kategori" title="Khas:Kategori">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Ciptaan_Amerika_Syarikat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Ciptaan Amerika Syarikat (laman tidak wujud)">Ciptaan Amerika Syarikat</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Ciptaan_Jerman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Ciptaan Jerman (laman tidak wujud)">Ciptaan Jerman</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Gempa_bumi" title="Kategori:Gempa bumi">Gempa bumi</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Skala_seismos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Skala seismos (laman tidak wujud)">Skala seismos</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Kategori tersembunyi: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_errors:_missing_periodical" title="Kategori:CS1 errors: missing periodical">CS1 errors: missing periodical</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Laman ini kali terakhir disunting pada 20:21, 26 September 2021.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Teks disediakan di bawah <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ms">Lesen Creative Commons Pengiktirafan/Perkongsian Serupa</a>; terma tambahan mungkin digunapakai. 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