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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the British comic, see <a href="/wiki/The_Topper_(comics)" title="The Topper (comics)">The Topper (comics)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Barneygoogle100734.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/64/Barneygoogle100734.jpg" decoding="async" width="275" height="363" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="275" data-file-height="363" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Billy_DeBeck" title="Billy DeBeck">Billy DeBeck</a>'s <i>Barney Google</i> (October 7, 1934), a page featuring two toppers: <i>Bunky</i> and the single-panel <i>Knee-Hi-Knoodles</i>.</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>topper</b> in <a href="/wiki/Comic_strip" title="Comic strip">comic strip</a> parlance is a small secondary strip seen along with a larger <a href="/wiki/Sunday_strip" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunday strip">Sunday strip</a>. In the 1920s and 1930s, leading cartoonists were given full pages in the <a href="/wiki/Sunday_comics" title="Sunday comics">Sunday comics</a> sections, allowing them to add smaller strips and single-panel cartoons to their page. </p><p>Toppers usually were drawn by the same artist as the larger strip. These strips usually were positioned at the top of the page (hence their name), but they sometimes ran beneath the main strip.<sup id="cite_ref-don_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-don-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Topper_(comic_strip)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Toppers were introduced by <a href="/wiki/King_Features_Syndicate" title="King Features Syndicate">King Features Syndicate</a> during the 1920s, enabling newspaper editors to claim more comic strips without adding more pages. The practice allowed newspapers to drop the topper and place another strip or an additional advertisement into the Sunday comics section. They also made it possible to reformat a strip from full-page size to <a href="/wiki/Tabloid_(newspaper_format)" title="Tabloid (newspaper format)">tabloid</a> size.<sup id="cite_ref-don_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-don-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1904, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Opper" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick Opper">Frederick Opper</a> drew his <i><a href="/wiki/And_Her_Name_Was_Maud" title="And Her Name Was Maud">And Her Name Was Maud</a></i>, about the kicking mule Maud, into comic strips, books and animation, but on May 23, 1926, Opper positioned <i>And Her Name Was Maud</i> as the topper to his <i><a href="/wiki/Happy_Hooligan" title="Happy Hooligan">Happy Hooligan</a></i>, and it ran along with <i>Happy Hooligan</i> until both strips came to a conclusion on October 14, 1932. On May 16, 1926, <a href="/wiki/Harold_Knerr" title="Harold Knerr">Harold Knerr</a> began <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinglehoofer_und_His_Dog&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dinglehoofer und His Dog (page does not exist)">Dinglehoofer und His Dog</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinglehoofer_und_His_Dog" class="extiw" title="fr:Dinglehoofer und His Dog">fr</a>]</span></i>, a topper to <i><a href="/wiki/The_Katzenjammer_Kids" title="The Katzenjammer Kids">The Katzenjammer Kids</a></i>, which ran until two years after his death. By 1936, to avoid any association with Hitler, the dog's name was changed from Adolph to Schnappsy (a.k.a. Schnapps).<sup id="cite_ref-don_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-don-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Knerr's strip was reformatted for reprints in <i>Magic Comics</i> in the early 1940s. </p><p>Billy DeBeck's topper for <i><a href="/wiki/Barney_Google" class="mw-redirect" title="Barney Google">Barney Google</a></i> was <i>Parlor Bedroom and Sink</i>, which evolved into <i>Parlor Bedroom and Sink Starring Bunky</i> and eventually was titled simply <i>Bunky</i>. In the mid-1930s, DeBeck added alongside <i>Bunky</i> a single-panel topper, <i>Knee-Hi-Knoodles</i>, depictions of kids' funny remarks (contributed by readers). <i>Bunky</i> spawned the <a href="/wiki/Catchphrase" title="Catchphrase">catchphrase</a>, "Youse is a viper, Fagin." A big fan of <i>Bunky</i> was pulp author <a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Howard" title="Robert E. Howard">Robert E. Howard</a>, who liked to quote from the strip, as noted by his friend Tevis Clyde Smith: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>His affection for Bunker Hill – "Youse is a viper, Fagin." Kept up with the strip, and retold it in a charming way. Liked to talk Brooklynese, and once entered a local dry goods store, and asked to see a shoitel.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Spinoffs">Spinoffs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Topper_(comic_strip)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Spinoffs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Characters in toppers sometimes turned up in the main strip, such as Herby appearing in <i><a href="/wiki/Smitty_(comic_strip)" title="Smitty (comic strip)">Smitty</a></i>, and Kitty Higgins joining the cast of <i><a href="/wiki/Moon_Mullins" title="Moon Mullins">Moon Mullins</a></i>. In a few cases, the topper introduced characters later developed into a successful Sunday page, as happened when <i><a href="/wiki/Krazy_Kat" title="Krazy Kat">Krazy Kat</a></i> became a spin-off from <i>The Family Upstairs</i> and Roy Crane's <i><a href="/wiki/Wash_Tubbs" title="Wash Tubbs">Wash Tubbs</a></i> appeared over <a href="/wiki/J._R._Williams_(cartoonist)" class="mw-redirect" title="J. R. Williams (cartoonist)">J. R. Williams</a>' <i><a href="/wiki/Out_Our_Way" title="Out Our Way">Out Our Way with the Willets</a></i> Sunday strip. The <i>Wash Tubbs</i> Sunday strip ran in that format from 1927 until 1933, when Crane launched <i><a href="/wiki/Captain_Easy" title="Captain Easy">Captain Easy</a></i> as a Sunday page (featuring Wash Tubbs as a secondary character). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Gene_Ahern" title="Gene Ahern">Gene Ahern</a>'s topper <i>The Squirrel Cage</i>, which ran above his <i><a href="/wiki/Room_and_Board_(comic_strip)" title="Room and Board (comic strip)">Room and Board</a></i>, is notable because of the repetitive use of the nonsensical question, "Nov shmoz ka pop?", which was never translated yet became a national <a href="/wiki/Catchphrase" title="Catchphrase">catchphrase</a>. As a consequence, <i>The Squirrel Cage</i> is today better remembered than <i>Room and Board</i>, despite its 17-year run. </p><p>On at least one occasion, a character exited the topper and dropped down into the main strip. This happened on April 17, 1938, when an absent-minded character in the <i>Rosie's Beau</i> topper realized he was in the wrong place and climbed down into the first panel of <i><a href="/wiki/Bringing_Up_Father" title="Bringing Up Father">Bringing Up Father</a></i>, arriving in the living room of Maggie and Jiggs.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the 1940s, <i>Snookums</i> ran as the topper above <i>Bringing Up Father</i>. In the final episode of HBO's <i><a href="/wiki/The_Pacific_(miniseries)" title="The Pacific (miniseries)">The Pacific</a></i> (2010), <a href="/wiki/Robert_Leckie_(author)" title="Robert Leckie (author)">Robert Leckie</a> (<a href="/wiki/James_Badge_Dale" title="James Badge Dale">James Badge Dale</a>) is seen reading <i>Snookums</i>. </p><p>During its long run, <i><a href="/wiki/Pete_the_Tramp" title="Pete the Tramp">Pete the Tramp</a></i> had several topper strips, as detailed by comic strip historian <a href="/wiki/Allan_Holtz" title="Allan Holtz">Allan Holtz</a>: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p><a href="/wiki/Clarence_D._Russell" title="Clarence D. Russell">C. D. Russell</a>'s wonderful <i>Pete the Tramp</i> went through a trio of topper strips on its Sunday pages. The first, <i>Pete's Pup</i>, was a dog strip, sort of a canine counterpart to the <i><a href="/wiki/Mutt_and_Jeff" title="Mutt and Jeff">Mutt and Jeff</a></i> topper, <i>Cicero's Cat</i>. The next was <i>The Topper Twins</i>, my favorite because the name is an in-joke to the industry term "topper". For some reason, Russell alternatively called this strip <i>The Tucker Twins</i>. The last topper was <i>Snorky</i>... It started in 1935 and is believed to have run as late as 1939. Getting an end date on these later toppers can be a Herculean task, because fewer and fewer papers printed the toppers as the decade of the 1930s wore on. In fact, I have no examples of <i>Snorky</i> later than 1937 in my collection; the 1939 date is based on the strip's listing in the <i><a href="/wiki/Editor_%26_Publisher" title="Editor & Publisher">Editor & Publisher</a></i> yearbooks.<sup id="cite_ref-snorky_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-snorky-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Toppers_bottom_out">Toppers bottom out</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Topper_(comic_strip)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Toppers bottom out"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Comic_strip_formats#Half_pages" title="Comic strip formats">half-page</a> format comics, toppers at times appeared at the bottom; if removed, the remaining comic fit in a third page. Some toppers consisted of only a single panel, an example being those that accompanied <i><a href="/wiki/Joe_Palooka" title="Joe Palooka">Joe Palooka</a></i> in the mid-1940s. Holtz notes: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>It is a popular assumption in newspaper strip fan circles that World War II is what killed the toppers. I'll grant you that it was the coup de grace, but toppers were on the wane well before then. 1935 seems to be the last year when toppers are truly ubiquitous, and thereafter many papers started dropping them in favor of half-page versions of the A-list strips. Toppers become decidedly rare as of about 1940, though many cartoonists kept producing them long thereafter. Some later toppers are so rare as to make one wonder if they ever actually ran in any newspaper—the only evidence I've found of some is on original art.<sup id="cite_ref-snorky_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-snorky-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>And further: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>You'll hear historians say that the topper strip was a victim of World War II paper shortages. Don't believe a word of it—it's the ads that killed full-page strips, and that killed the topper. World War II only exacerbated an already bad situation.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Some strips continued to supply toppers into the 1960s, and in a few cases even the 1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Maw Green</i> in <i><a href="/wiki/Little_Orphan_Annie" title="Little Orphan Annie">Little Orphan Annie</a></i> was the last Sunday strip topper, except for the brief use of the topper <a href="/wiki/Parody" title="Parody">parodies</a> <i>Sawdust</i> and <i>The Invisible Tribe</i> in <i><a href="/wiki/Dick_Tracy" title="Dick Tracy">Dick Tracy</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-don_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-don-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many newspapers in the late 1980s ran Jim Davis' <i><a href="/wiki/U.S._Acres" title="U.S. Acres">U.S. Acres</a></i> alongside Davis' own <i><a href="/wiki/Garfield" title="Garfield">Garfield</a></i> (also the most popular comic at the time). However, both were stand-alone strips and sold separately (also, unlike most toppers, <i>U.S. Acres</i> also had a daily strip until very late in its run). </p><p>Some <a href="/wiki/Underground_comix" title="Underground comix">underground</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alternative_comics" title="Alternative comics">alternative</a> comic artists have used toppers in their work, though not in the context of a Sunday strip. The strip <i><a href="/wiki/Fat_Freddy%27s_Cat" class="mw-redirect" title="Fat Freddy's Cat">Fat Freddy's Cat</a></i> appeared as a topper in the underground <a href="/wiki/Comic_book" title="Comic book">comic book</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Fabulous_Furry_Freak_Brothers" class="mw-redirect" title="Fabulous Furry Freak Brothers">The Fabulous Furry Freak Brothers</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Tony_Millionaire" title="Tony Millionaire">Tony Millionaire</a>'s weekly comic strip <i><a href="/wiki/Maakies" title="Maakies">Maakies</a></i> is perhaps the only contemporary syndicated strip to run a topper (which appears at the bottom of the main strip and lacks a consistent title). Toppers have also been used in some comics by <a href="/wiki/Chris_Ware" title="Chris Ware">Chris Ware</a> and <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Clowes" title="Daniel Clowes">Daniel Clowes</a> to mimic the format of a <a href="/wiki/Sunday_comics" title="Sunday comics">Sunday comics</a> page. A variant of the topper, "throwaway" panels containing a "throwaway gag" (inessential to the thrust of the strip) remain common as of 2010<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Topper_(comic_strip)&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, and allow different formats depending on available space. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_toppers">Notable toppers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Topper_(comic_strip)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Notable toppers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Alley_Oop" title="Alley Oop">Alley Oop</a></i> – <i>Dinny's Family Album</i> (1934-1937)<sup id="cite_ref-Holtz_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holtz-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Barney_Google_and_Snuffy_Smith" title="Barney Google and Snuffy Smith">Barney Google</a></i> – <i>Bughouse Fables</i> (1926), <i>Bunky</i> (originally <i>Parlor Bedroom and Sink</i>, 1926-1948), <i>Knee-Hi-Knoodles</i> (single panel, 1934-1935)<sup id="cite_ref-Holtz_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holtz-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Blondie_(comic_strip)" title="Blondie (comic strip)">Blondie</a></i> – <i>The Family Foursome</i> (1930-1935), <i>Colonel Potterby and the Duchess</i> (1935-1958, running as a stand-alone strip until 1963)<sup id="cite_ref-Holtz_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holtz-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Boob_McNutt" title="Boob McNutt">Boob McNutt</a></i> – <i>Bertha the Siberian Cheesehound</i> (1926, started as a topper but soon became a supporting character with Boob)<sup id="cite_ref-Holtz_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holtz-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Boots_and_Her_Buddies" title="Boots and Her Buddies">Boots and Her Buddies</a></i> – <i>Babe 'n' Horace</i> (1939-1968)<sup id="cite_ref-Holtz_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holtz-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bringing_Up_Father" title="Bringing Up Father">Bringing Up Father</a></i> – <i>Rosie's Beau</i> (1926-1944), <i>Snookums</i> (1944-1956)<sup id="cite_ref-Holtz_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holtz-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Bungle_Family" title="The Bungle Family">The Bungle Family</a></i> – <i>Little Brother</i> (1926-1937), <i>Short Stories</i> (1937-1938)<sup id="cite_ref-Holtz_8-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holtz-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Katzenjammer_Kids" title="The Katzenjammer Kids">The Captain and the Kids</a></i> – <i><a href="/wiki/Hawkshaw_the_Detective" title="Hawkshaw the Detective">Hawkshaw the Detective</a></i> (drawn by <a href="/wiki/Gus_Mager" title="Gus Mager">Gus Mager</a>, 1931-1952)<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Connie_(comic_strip)" title="Connie (comic strip)">Connie</a></i> – <i>The Wet Blanket</i> (1931-1936)<sup id="cite_ref-Holtz_8-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holtz-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Count_Screwloose" title="Count Screwloose">Count Screwloose</a></i> – <i>Banana Oil</i>, <i>Babbling Brooks</i>, <i>Otto and Blotto</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dick_Tracy" title="Dick Tracy">Dick Tracy</a></i> – <i>Crimestopper's Textbook</i> (1949-present, now running as a throwaway panel)<sup id="cite_ref-Holtz_8-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holtz-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ella_Cinders" title="Ella Cinders">Ella Cinders</a></i> – <i>Chris Crusty</i> (1931-1941)<sup id="cite_ref-Holtz_8-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holtz-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/George_Herriman" title="George Herriman">The Family Upstairs</a></i> – <i><a href="/wiki/Krazy_Kat" title="Krazy Kat">Krazy Kat</a></i> (bottom, first Krazy Kat appearance)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fabulous_Furry_Freak_Brothers" class="mw-redirect" title="Fabulous Furry Freak Brothers">The Fabulous Furry Freak Brothers</a></i> – <i><a href="/wiki/Fat_Freddy%27s_Cat" class="mw-redirect" title="Fat Freddy's Cat">Fat Freddy's Cat</a></i> (bottom, underground imitation of vintage strip format)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Felix_the_Cat" title="Felix the Cat">Felix the Cat</a></i> – <i>Laura</i> (1926-1935), <i>Bobby Dazzler</i> (1935-1940)<sup id="cite_ref-Holtz_8-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holtz-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Flash_Gordon" title="Flash Gordon">Flash Gordon</a></i> – <i><a href="/wiki/Jungle_Jim" title="Jungle Jim">Jungle Jim</a></i> (1934-1954, sometimes published as separate strip)<sup id="cite_ref-Holtz_8-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holtz-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Freckles_and_His_Friends" title="Freckles and His Friends">Freckles and His Friends</a></i> – <i>Hector</i> (1944-1973)<sup id="cite_ref-Holtz_8-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holtz-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gasoline_Alley_(comic_strip)" title="Gasoline Alley (comic strip)">Gasoline Alley</a></i> – <i>That Phoney Nickel</i> (1930-1933, bottom), <i>Little Brother Hugo</i> (1944-1973)<sup id="cite_ref-Holtz_8-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holtz-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Gumps" title="The Gumps">The Gumps</a></i> – <i>Cousin Juniper</i> (1944-1955)<sup id="cite_ref-Holtz_8-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holtz-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Happy_Hooligan" title="Happy Hooligan">Happy Hooligan</a></i> – <i><a href="/wiki/And_Her_Name_Was_Maud" title="And Her Name Was Maud">And Her Name Was Maud</a></i> (1926-1932)<sup id="cite_ref-Holtz_8-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holtz-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Harold_Teen" title="Harold Teen">Harold Teen</a></i> – <i>Josie</i> (1935 – early 40s)<sup id="cite_ref-Holtz_8-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holtz-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Hollywood Johnnie</i> – <i>Movie Struck</i> (1946-1948)<sup id="cite_ref-Holtz_8-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holtz-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Joe_Palooka" title="Joe Palooka">Joe Palooka</a></i> – <i>Fisher's Looney Legends</i> (1932-1933), <i>Fisher's History of Boxing</i> (1933-1937), <i>Joe Palooka's Album</i> (1938-1943), <i>War Time Anecdotes</i> (1943-1945)<sup id="cite_ref-Holtz_8-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holtz-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Katzenjammer_Kids" title="The Katzenjammer Kids">The Katzenjammer Kids</a></i> – <i>Dinglehoofer und His Dog</i> (1926-1951)<sup id="cite_ref-don_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-don-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Li%27l_Abner" title="Li'l Abner">Li'l Abner</a></i> – <i>Washable Jones</i> (1935), <i>Advice fo' Chillun</i> (1935-1943), <i>Small Change</i> (1942-1944)<sup id="cite_ref-Holtz_8-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holtz-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Little_Annie_Rooney" title="Little Annie Rooney">Little Annie Rooney</a></i> – <i>Ming Foo</i> (1935-1943)<sup id="cite_ref-Holtz_8-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holtz-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Little_Jimmy" title="Little Jimmy">Little Jimmy</a></i> – <i><a href="/wiki/Mr._Jack" title="Mr. Jack">Mr. Jack</a></i> (1926–1935)<sup id="cite_ref-Holtz_8-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holtz-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Little_Joe_(comic_strip)" title="Little Joe (comic strip)">Little Joe</a></i> – <i>Ze Gen'ral</i> (1943-1960s)<sup id="cite_ref-Holtz_8-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holtz-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Little_Orphan_Annie" title="Little Orphan Annie">Little Orphan Annie</a></i> – <i>Maw Green</i> (1933-1973)<sup id="cite_ref-Holtz_8-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holtz-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – ran along the bottom, last Sunday comics topper</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mickey_Finn_(comic_strip)" title="Mickey Finn (comic strip)">Mickey Finn</a></i> – <i>Nippie: He's Often Wrong!</i> (1936-1946)<sup id="cite_ref-Holtz_8-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holtz-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mickey_Mouse" title="Mickey Mouse">Mickey Mouse</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Silly_Symphony_(comic_strip)" title="Silly Symphony (comic strip)"><i>Silly Symphony</i></a> (1932-1945)<sup id="cite_ref-Holtz_8-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holtz-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moon_Mullins" title="Moon Mullins">Moon Mullins</a></i> – <i>Kitty Higgins</i> (1930-1973)<sup id="cite_ref-Holtz_8-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holtz-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mutt_and_Jeff" title="Mutt and Jeff">Mutt and Jeff</a></i> – <i>Cicero's Cat</i> (1933-1972)<sup id="cite_ref-Holtz_8-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holtz-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Our_Boarding_House" title="Our Boarding House">Our Boarding House</a></i> – <i><a href="/wiki/Gene_Ahern#The_Nut_Brothers" title="Gene Ahern">The Nut Bros: Ches and Wal</a></i> (1931-1965)<sup id="cite_ref-Holtz_8-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holtz-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Out_Our_Way" title="Out Our Way">Out Our Way with the Willets</a></i> – <i><a href="/wiki/Wash_Tubbs" title="Wash Tubbs">Wash Tubbs</a></i> (1927-1933)<sup id="cite_ref-Holtz_8-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holtz-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pete_the_Tramp" title="Pete the Tramp">Pete the Tramp</a></i> – <i>Pete's Pup</i> (1932-1935), <i>The Topper Twins</i> (1935), <i>Snorky</i> (1935-1939)<sup id="cite_ref-Holtz_8-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holtz-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Polly_and_Her_Pals" title="Polly and Her Pals">Polly and Her Pals</a></i> – <i>Dot and Dash</i> (1926-1928, originally <i>Damon and Pythias</i>), <i>Belles and Wedding Bells</i> (1930-1943, originally <i>Sweethearts and Wives</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-Holtz_8-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holtz-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prince_Valiant" title="Prince Valiant">Prince Valiant</a></i> – <i>The Medieval Castle</i> (1944-1945)<sup id="cite_ref-Holtz_8-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holtz-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Red_Ryder" title="Red Ryder">Red Ryder</a></i> – <i>Little Beaver</i> (1938-1946)<sup id="cite_ref-Holtz_8-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holtz-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Reg%27lar_Fellers" title="Reg'lar Fellers">Reg'lar Fellers</a></i> – <i>Daisybelle</i> (1934-1940), <i>Zoolie</i> (1944-1949)<sup id="cite_ref-Holtz_8-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holtz-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Room_and_Board_(comic_strip)" title="Room and Board (comic strip)">Room and Board</a></i> – <i>The Squirrel Cage</i> (1936-1947)<sup id="cite_ref-Holtz_8-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holtz-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Skippy_(comic_strip)" title="Skippy (comic strip)">Skippy</a></i> – <i>Always Belittlin</i> (1926-1940)<sup id="cite_ref-Holtz_8-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holtz-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Smitty_(comic_strip)" title="Smitty (comic strip)">Smitty</a></i> – <i>Herby</i> (1931-1974)<sup id="cite_ref-Holtz_8-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holtz-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Smokey_Stover" title="Smokey Stover">Smokey Stover</a></i> – <i>Spooky</i> (1935-1972)<sup id="cite_ref-Holtz_8-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holtz-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Superman_(comic_strip)" title="Superman (comic strip)">Superman</a></i> – <i>Lois Lane Girl Reporter</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Al_Posen" title="Al Posen">Sweeney & Son</a></i> – <i>Jinglet</i> (1933-1960)<sup id="cite_ref-Holtz_8-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holtz-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ferd_Johnson" title="Ferd Johnson">Texas Slim and Dirty Dalton</a></i> – <i>Buzzy</i> (1943-1953)<sup id="cite_ref-Holtz_8-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holtz-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/They%27ll_Do_It_Every_Time" title="They'll Do It Every Time">They'll Do It Every Time</a></i> – <i><a href="/wiki/Little_Iodine" title="Little Iodine">Little Iodine</a></i> (spinoff, 1943-1983), <i>Hatlo's Inferno</i> (1953-1958)<sup id="cite_ref-Holtz_8-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holtz-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thimble_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Thimble Theatre">Thimble Theatre</a></i> – <i>Sappo</i> (1926-1947, originally <i>The 5:15</i>), <i>Popeye's Cartoon Club</i> (1934-1935), <i>Wimpy's Zoo's Who</i> (1938-1940)<sup id="cite_ref-Holtz_8-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holtz-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tillie_the_Toiler" title="Tillie the Toiler">Tillie the Toiler</a></i> – <i>The Van Swaggers Starring Aunt Min</i> (1926-1943)<sup id="cite_ref-Holtz_8-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holtz-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tim_Tyler%27s_Luck" title="Tim Tyler's Luck">Tim Tyler's Luck</a></i> – <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curley_Harper&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Curley Harper (page does not exist)">Curley Harper</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curley_Harper" class="extiw" title="fr:Curley Harper">fr</a>]</span></i> (1935-1945)<sup id="cite_ref-Holtz_8-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holtz-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Toots_and_Casper" title="Toots and Casper">Toots and Casper</a></i> – <i>It's Poppa Who Pays!</i> (1926-1956)<sup id="cite_ref-Holtz_8-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holtz-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Up_Anchor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Up Anchor (page does not exist)">Up Anchor</a></i> – <i>Water Lore</i> (1968-1972)<sup id="cite_ref-Holtz_8-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holtz-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Winnie_Winkle" title="Winnie Winkle">Winnie Winkle</a></i> – <i>Looie</i> (1931-1962)<sup id="cite_ref-Holtz_8-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holtz-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Topper_(comic_strip)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-don-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-don_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-don_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-don_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-don_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-don_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.toonopedia.com">Markstein, Don. Toonopedia</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://twogunblog.blogspot.com/2010/03/adventures-of-two-gun-bob-bunker-hill.html">Smith, Tevis Clyde. <i>Report on a Writing Man</i>, Necronomicon Press, 1991.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thecimmerian.com/?p=12681">The Cimmerian</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HE2_Vam2oZ4C&dq=topper+%22comic+strip%22&pg=PA8">Inge, M. Thomas. <i>Anything Can Happen in a Comic Strip: Centennial Reflections on an American Art Form</i>. University of Mississippi Press, 1995.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-snorky-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-snorky_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-snorky_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://strippersguide.blogspot.com/search?q=Snorky">Holtz, Allan. "Obscurity of the Day: Snorky" March 3, 2006</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://strippersguide.blogspot.com/2008/03/obscurity-of-day-wimpys-zoos-who.html">Holtz, Allan. "Obscurity of the Day: Wimpy's Zoo's Who" March 17, 2008.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://strippersguide.blogspot.com/2007/08/strippers-guide-dictionary-part-1.html">Holtz, Allan. "The Stripper's Guide Dictionary Part 1: Sunday Strips" August 14, 2007.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Holtz-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Holtz_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holtz_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holtz_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holtz_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holtz_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holtz_8-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holtz_8-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holtz_8-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holtz_8-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holtz_8-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holtz_8-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holtz_8-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holtz_8-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holtz_8-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holtz_8-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holtz_8-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holtz_8-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holtz_8-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holtz_8-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holtz_8-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holtz_8-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holtz_8-21"><sup><i><b>v</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holtz_8-22"><sup><i><b>w</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holtz_8-23"><sup><i><b>x</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holtz_8-24"><sup><i><b>y</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holtz_8-25"><sup><i><b>z</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holtz_8-26"><sup><i><b>aa</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holtz_8-27"><sup><i><b>ab</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holtz_8-28"><sup><i><b>ac</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holtz_8-29"><sup><i><b>ad</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holtz_8-30"><sup><i><b>ae</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holtz_8-31"><sup><i><b>af</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holtz_8-32"><sup><i><b>ag</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holtz_8-33"><sup><i><b>ah</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holtz_8-34"><sup><i><b>ai</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holtz_8-35"><sup><i><b>aj</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holtz_8-36"><sup><i><b>ak</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holtz_8-37"><sup><i><b>al</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holtz_8-38"><sup><i><b>am</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holtz_8-39"><sup><i><b>an</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holtz_8-40"><sup><i><b>ao</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holtz_8-41"><sup><i><b>ap</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holtz_8-42"><sup><i><b>aq</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holtz_8-43"><sup><i><b>ar</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holtz_8-44"><sup><i><b>as</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holtz_8-45"><sup><i><b>at</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holtz_8-46"><sup><i><b>au</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holtz_8-47"><sup><i><b>av</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHoltz2012" class="citation book cs1">Holtz, Allan (2012). <i>American Newspaper Comics: An Encyclopedic Reference Guide</i>. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780472117567" title="Special:BookSources/9780472117567"><bdi>9780472117567</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Newspaper+Comics%3A+An+Encyclopedic+Reference+Guide&rft.place=Ann+Arbor&rft.pub=The+University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9780472117567&rft.aulast=Holtz&rft.aufirst=Allan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATopper+%28comic+strip%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://strippersguide.blogspot.com/2010/04/obscurity-of-day-olivers-adventures.html">Holtz, Allan. "Obscurity of the Day: Oliver's Adventures" April 15, 2010.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://strippersguide.blogspot.com/2007/01/obscurity-of-day-lois-lane-girl.html">Holtz, Allan. "Obscurity of the Day: Lois Lane, Girl Reporter" January 11, 2007.</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Topper_(comic_strip)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Robinson, Jerry, <i>The Comics: An Illustrated History of Comic Strip Art</i> (1974) <a href="/wiki/G.P._Putnam%27s_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="G.P. Putnam's Sons">G.P. Putnam's Sons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Horn" title="Maurice Horn">Horn, Maurice</a>, <i>The World Encyclopedia of Comics</i> (1976) <a href="/wiki/Chelsea_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Chelsea House">Chelsea House</a>, (1982) <a href="/wiki/Avon_(publishers)" class="mw-redirect" title="Avon (publishers)">Avon</a></li> <li>Blackbeard, Bill, ed. <i>The Smithsonian Collection of Newspaper Comics</i> (1977) <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian Inst. Press</a>/<a href="/wiki/Harry_Abrams" class="mw-redirect" title="Harry Abrams">Harry Abrams</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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comics terminology">Glossary of comics terminology</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Formats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comic_book" title="Comic book">Comic book</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashcan_comic" title="Ashcan comic">Ashcan comic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limited_series_(comics)" title="Limited series (comics)">Limited series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-shot_(comics)" title="One-shot (comics)">One-shot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ongoing_series" title="Ongoing series">Ongoing series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minicomic" title="Minicomic">Minicomic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_paperback_(comics)" title="Trade paperback (comics)">Trade paperback</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comic_strip" title="Comic strip">Comic strip</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comic_strip_formats" title="Comic strip formats">Comic strip formats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daily_comic_strip" title="Daily comic strip">Daily comic strip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianhuanhua" title="Lianhuanhua">Lianhuanhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunday_comics" title="Sunday comics">Sunday comics</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Topper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yonkoma" title="Yonkoma">Yonkoma</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_comic" title="Digital comic">Digital comics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_comic" title="Mobile comic">Mobile comic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webcomic" title="Webcomic">Webcomic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webtoon" title="Webtoon">Webtoon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gag_cartoon" title="Gag cartoon">Gag cartoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphic_novel" title="Graphic novel">Graphic novel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_cartoon" title="Political cartoon">Political cartoon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Techniques</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Film_comic" title="Film comic">Film comic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_comic" title="Motion comic">Motion comic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photo_comics" title="Photo comics">Photo comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silent_comics" title="Silent comics">Silent comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Text_comics" title="Text comics">Text comics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_comics_creators" title="List of comics creators">Creators</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cartoonist" title="Cartoonist">Cartoonists</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cartoonists" title="List of cartoonists">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorist" title="Colorist">Colorists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Comic_book_editors" title="Category:Comic book editors">Editors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inker" title="Inker">Inkers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letterer" title="Letterer">Letterers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_comics_publishing_companies" title="List of comics publishing companies">Publishing companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Script_(comics)" title="Script (comics)">Writers</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By format</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Editorial_cartoonist" title="Editorial cartoonist">Editorial</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_editorial_cartoonists" title="List of editorial cartoonists">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_minicomics_creators" title="List of minicomics creators">Minicomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_webcomic_creators" title="List of webcomic creators">Webcomics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_comics_creators" title="List of American comics creators">American</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jewish_American_cartoonists" title="List of Jewish American cartoonists">Jewish American</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_comics_creators" title="List of Australian comics creators">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_comics_creators" title="List of Canadian comics creators">Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cuban_comic_creators" title="List of Cuban comic creators">Cuban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Filipino_comics_creators" title="List of Filipino comics creators">Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_manga_artists" title="List of manga artists">Japanese (manga)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Macedonian_comics_creators" title="List of Macedonian comics creators">Macedonian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Female_comics_creators" title="Female comics creators">Female comics creators</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_female_comics_creators" title="List of female comics creators">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_comics" title="History of comics">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_years_in_comics" title="List of years in comics">Years in comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comics_studies" title="Comics studies">Comics historiography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_American_comics" title="History of American comics">American</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Age_of_Comic_Books" title="Golden Age of Comic Books">Golden Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_Age_of_Comic_Books" title="Silver Age of Comic Books">Silver Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age_of_Comic_Books" title="Bronze Age of Comic Books">Bronze Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Age_of_Comic_Books" title="Modern Age of Comic Books">Modern Age</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Events_from_the_Modern_Age_of_Comic_Books" title="Events from the Modern Age of Comic Books">events</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_manga" title="History of manga">Japanese (manga)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_webcomics" title="History of webcomics">Webcomics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Comics_studies" title="Comics studies">Comics studies</a><br />and narratology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Genres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abstract_comics" title="Abstract comics">Abstract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adult_comics" title="Adult comics">Adult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_comics" title="Alternative comics">Alternative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambiguous_image" title="Ambiguous image">Ambiguous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anthropomorphic_comics" title="List of anthropomorphic comics">Anthropomorphic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autobiographical_comics" class="mw-redirect" title="Autobiographical comics">Autobiographical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celebrity_comics" title="Celebrity comics">Celebrity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comics_in_education" title="Comics in education">Comics in education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comics_journalism" title="Comics journalism">Comics journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comics_poetry" title="Comics poetry">Comics poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_comics" title="Crime comics">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dystopian_comics" title="List of dystopian comics">Dystopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotic_comics" title="Erotic comics">Erotic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_comics" title="Fantasy comics">Fantasy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fantasy_comics" title="List of fantasy comics">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gekiga" title="Gekiga">Gekiga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphic_medicine" title="Graphic medicine">Graphic medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_comics" title="Horror comics">Horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-fiction_comics" title="Non-fiction comics">Non-fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romance_comics" title="Romance comics">Romance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_romance_comics" title="List of romance comics">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_comics" title="Science fiction comics">Science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superhero_comics" title="Superhero comics">Superhero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teen_humor_comics" title="Teen humor comics">Teen humor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tijuana_bible" title="Tijuana bible">Tijuana bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_comix" title="Underground comix">Underground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_comics" title="War comics">War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_comics" title="Western comics">Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wrestling-based_comic_books" title="List of wrestling-based comic books">Wrestling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Trope_(literature)" title="Trope (literature)">Tropes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antihero" title="Antihero">Antihero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decompression_(comics)" title="Decompression (comics)">Decompression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talking_animals_in_fiction" title="Talking animals in fiction">Talking animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masking_(comics)" title="Masking (comics)">Masking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogue_(vagrant)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rogue (vagrant)">Rogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superhero" title="Superhero">Superhero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supervillain" title="Supervillain">Supervillain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Widescreen_comics" title="Widescreen comics">Widescreen comics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Themes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_stereotypes_in_comics" title="Ethnic stereotypes in comics">Ethnic stereotypes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_feminist_comic_books" title="List of feminist comic books">Feminist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_and_webcomics" title="Gender and webcomics">Gender and webcomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_themes_in_comics" title="LGBT themes in comics">LGBT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_themes_in_American_mainstream_comics" title="LGBT themes in American mainstream comics">American mainstream</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portrayal_of_black_people_in_comics" title="Portrayal of black people in comics">Portrayal of black people</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_characters_in_comics" title="African characters in comics">African characters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portrayal_of_women_in_American_comics" title="Portrayal of women in American comics">Portrayal of women</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Hawkeye_Initiative" title="The Hawkeye Initiative">The Hawkeye Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Refrigerators" class="mw-redirect" title="Women in Refrigerators">Women in Refrigerators</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_comics_by_country" title="List of comics by country">By country</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_African_comics" title="South African comics">South Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_comics" title="Argentine comics">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_comics" title="Brazilian comics">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_comics" title="Canadian comics">Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_comics" title="Quebec comics">Quebec</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comics_in_Mexico" title="Comics in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_comic_book" title="American comic book">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_comics" title="List of American comics">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manhua" title="Manhua">China and Taiwan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_manhua" title="List of manhua">list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_comics" title="Hong Kong comics">Hong Kong</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_comics" title="Indian comics">India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_comics" title="List of Indian comics">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manga" title="Manga">Japan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_manga" title="Lists of manga">lists</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhwa" title="Manhwa">Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_manhwa" title="List of manhwa">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_comics" title="Malaysian comics">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_comics" title="Pakistani comics">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_comics" title="Philippine comics">Philippines</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Philippine_comics" title="List of Philippine comics">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_comics" title="Thai comics">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_comics" title="Turkish comics">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truy%E1%BB%87n_tranh" class="mw-redirect" title="Truyện tranh">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_comics" title="European comics">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Czech_comics" title="Czech comics">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_comics" title="Croatian comics">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bande_dessin%C3%A9e" title="Bande dessinée">France and Belgium</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Franco-Belgian_comics_series" title="List of Franco-Belgian comics series">list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_comics" title="Belgian comics">Belgium</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_comics" title="German comics">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_comics" title="Hungarian comics">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_comics" title="Irish comics">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_comics" title="Italian comics">Italy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_comics" title="List of Italian comics">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_comics" title="Dutch comics">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_comics" title="Polish comics">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_comics" title="Portuguese comics">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_comics" title="Serbian comics">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_comics" title="Spanish comics">Spain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Spanish_comics" title="List of Spanish comics">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_comics" title="British comics">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Welsh-language_comics" title="Welsh-language comics">Wales</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comics_in_Australia" title="Comics in Australia">Australia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_comics" title="Lists of comics">Lists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By format</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_comic_books" title="List of comic books">Comic books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_newspaper_comic_strips" title="List of newspaper comic strips">Comic strips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_manga_magazines" title="List of manga magazines">Manga magazines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_webcomics" title="Lists of webcomics">Webcomics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By source</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_comics_based_on_fiction" title="List of comics based on fiction">Based on fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_comics_based_on_films" title="List of comics based on films">Based on films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_comics_based_on_television_programs" title="List of comics based on television programs">Based on television programs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_comics_based_on_video_games" title="List of comics based on video games">Based on video games</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_comics_awards" title="List of comics awards">Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_comic_series" title="List of best-selling comic series">Best-selling comic series</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_manga" title="List of best-selling manga">manga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_manga_magazines_by_circulation" title="List of Japanese manga magazines by circulation">manga magazines</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_comic_books_on_CD/DVD" title="List of comic books on CD/DVD">Comic books on CD/DVD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_comics_and_comic_strips_made_into_feature_films" title="List of comics and comic strips made into feature films">Comics and comic strips made into feature films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_comics_solicited_but_never_published" title="List of comics solicited but never published">Comics solicited but never published</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_limited_series" title="List of limited series">Limited series</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Collections and<br /> museums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Comic_Strip_Center" title="Belgian Comic Strip Center">Belgian Comic Strip Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Ireland_Cartoon_Library_%26_Museum" title="Billy Ireland Cartoon Library & Museum">Billy Ireland Cartoon Library & Museum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Cartoon_Museum" title="National Cartoon Museum">National Cartoon Museum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Cartoon_Archive" title="British Cartoon Archive">British Cartoon Archive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caricature_%26_Cartoon_Museum_Basel" class="mw-redirect" title="Caricature & Cartoon Museum Basel">Caricature & Cartoon Museum Basel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartoon_Art_Museum" title="Cartoon Art Museum">Cartoon Art Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Cartoon_Museum" title="The Cartoon Museum">The Cartoon Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Waring#Comic_strip_collection" title="Fred Waring">Fred Waring's Cartoon Collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibiteca_Antonio_Gobbo" title="Gibiteca Antonio Gobbo">Gibiteca Antonio Gobbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_State_University_Libraries#Comic_Art_Collection" title="Michigan State University Libraries">Michigan State University Comic Art Collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Comic_and_Cartoon_Art" title="Museum of Comic and Cartoon Art">Museum of Comic and Cartoon Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ToonSeum" title="ToonSeum">ToonSeum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Words_%26_Pictures_Museum" title="Words & Pictures Museum">Words & Pictures Museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Cartoon_Studies" title="Center for Cartoon Studies">Center for Cartoon Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Kubert_School" title="The Kubert School">The Kubert School</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Professional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Comic_Book_Arts" title="Academy of Comic Book Arts">Academy of Comic Book Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Canadian_Cartoonists" title="Association of Canadian Cartoonists">Association of Canadian Cartoonists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Comics_Magazine_Publishers" title="Association of Comics Magazine Publishers">Association of Comics Magazine Publishers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Cartoonists%27_Association" title="Australian Cartoonists' Association">Australian Cartoonists' Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comic_Art_Professional_Society" title="Comic Art Professional Society">Comic Art Professional Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Cartoonists_Society" title="National Cartoonists Society">National Cartoonists Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samahang_Kartunista_ng_Pilipinas" title="Samahang Kartunista ng Pilipinas">Samahang Kartunista ng Pilipinas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Critical and<br /> academic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_des_Critiques_et_des_journalistes_de_Bande_Dessin%C3%A9e" title="Association des Critiques et des journalistes de Bande Dessinée">Association des Critiques et des journalistes de Bande Dessinée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Comic_Book_Creator_Awards_Association" title="Canadian Comic Book Creator Awards Association">Canadian Comic Book Creator Awards Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Society_for_the_Study_of_Comics" title="Canadian Society for the Study of Comics">Canadian Society for the Study of Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comic_%26_Fantasy_Art_Amateur_Press_Association" title="Comic & Fantasy Art Amateur Press Association">Comic & Fantasy Art Amateur Press Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comics_Studies_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Comics Studies Society">Comics Studies Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sequart_Organization" title="Sequart Organization">Sequart Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svenska_Serieakademien" title="Svenska Serieakademien">Svenska Serieakademien</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Charitable and<br /> outreach</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Comic-Book_Fans_and_Collectors" title="Academy of Comic-Book Fans and Collectors">Academy of Comic-Book Fans and Collectors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Amateur_Press_Association_(comics)" title="British Amateur Press Association (comics)">British Amateur Press Association (comics)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Club_des_bandes_dessin%C3%A9es" title="Le Club des bandes dessinées">Club des bandes dessinées</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comic_Book_Legal_Defense_Fund" title="Comic Book Legal Defense Fund">Comic Book Legal Defense Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comic_Legends_Legal_Defense_Fund" title="Comic Legends Legal Defense Fund">Comic Legends Legal Defense Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Comics_Society" title="Finnish Comics Society">Finnish Comics Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friends_of_Lulu" title="Friends of Lulu">Friends of Lulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hero_Initiative" title="The Hero Initiative">The Hero Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xeric_Foundation" title="Xeric Foundation">Xeric Foundation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikipetan-manga.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Wikipetan-manga.png/32px-Wikipetan-manga.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Wikipetan-manga.png/48px-Wikipetan-manga.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Wikipetan-manga.png/64px-Wikipetan-manga.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="425" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Comics" title="Portal:Comics">Comics portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" 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