CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '913519cdce826016',cH: 'IpHY1cWTarn4kee3fmXsmImfIiFBSqyjN5wCNVxy7h8-1739788213-1.2.1.1-tP7WeCpVTC7p.7kpnEgWkfxuYCbT51N0Xaon.ONpsc8hT5XhVoA4YFMSqc2ectrp',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=A.%20O.%20Dahman&__cf_chl_tk=p_aeTN1xu8R4AbfQvmvYlpDPQQWcWmH3sQt9I0bAuj4-1739788213-1.0.1.1-UjQkwvRp5y6FqyuDep_mj7hNeZDrpHJCn.CW2M1NyKY",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739788213',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=A.%20O.%20Dahman&__cf_chl_f_tk=p_aeTN1xu8R4AbfQvmvYlpDPQQWcWmH3sQt9I0bAuj4-1739788213-1.0.1.1-UjQkwvRp5y6FqyuDep_mj7hNeZDrpHJCn.CW2M1NyKY",md: "VIp.hOB8kKtjexqf246U3z2xnFoKpz7rBel3.BGQ9OU-1739788213-1.2.1.1-2.hyBzP1_DAayNT2qyWcpw1ASkca4sJYbUxeCI.Vkwoyu_4.2UmdJpAVep1igUWcuqKlZvPRoft.i.ns1xwDTD7tV.NXGgrtP8bh2MNq5r3r_QBvrlCM1ma51VDJg4WHako93VuIaZCvn.9.00ywu1R6P5DygLUU7qMEZrmqjm9Ac9y5gofd6odGryvL2Ft7ljqNeHfyf6gOH6K.9SKQfx7DYDnfXf.q67KXIMfOxbpqiURaHB0LIgGBzF4J0LCZuEzmak04XA68.tf1h5.j.D7WMutmF3G_Tfp3tULR5saEa3JPsTuOOUa90JbGGsgUKgQDGxOGCN.66xK4g2x.vK.oSeC5wwKJedvoxOJi6G1qZA.W_HmD7UYqWd5MVqrLDt12ht2u20gUvO.nf_k9AXRo9PJnzYonMDTYIP1hj9_HbQMz5.QrEo5lSejsXU3GvFCb2O82SVTAH89FDA0xb_dGKbhNTBAAnyqTmF_pAGWAJbDLejLuA7m83gU4E6QuQLEcFp4E_7w6NeFtQpYXqcLouoq2R49MS6XijLmv2ntpzClfLWdTuPVU4N7Wr3_bs..m23.XkV.7TIZIQ9DXgcGzdK9N4ZDkZTdrjr_jf4edDWVtwauhT86xamvjCAc1jpS0mrK5BvsbvC2a2zMQHHSNZVKZPF.TLI4q.xiMtmhIdRqfSM.YmN.HgE7w0S6UibkQMyWkRshZ_mrCCBsZgFLDHk4j0r7z1QrRNYctcmfsYhLxbOa07UBQPSNR0uuNyzXDnq05OrJYq4RkIx2TkrUfOyCp21NGZzBxhlX9.WyH3Y1P2ecDlr3huGz1iyC5vnYK4OprHrqmL4oDLUZHcbCevgD4CZVQlew.ULWv0Lz5XrqqtvD50KcATezgJ42Le4YaOQP8LyhOcOi547tTTYrpAxNzP0A.VNNO.fKIDJSl_6LdcpOLJkzB2KabVwCksn3KT1E8WV3TrBgm4QWrh2RdFqMBoJpJ.IL4qyCpjcAnXIiKnd95ACCPVGrfXOkhMFzp6m37Fzwp8jYhlSo9aOmxWMebWVK1P91mNtp4NWS3YR7YuZFqimPBRUwHBDrg0A8u1qO85vnbNsvEtObELhDqs5mt2kymqUiJTFtafbHVST4QIN7teRtDa8g7GoqWk3QKRVcSvq_LIX.YFMZM0RrBhSRNG0TGXVbbb8mHhpgrkz8EoEReiHSJQ_tZUKwqjG4EDLz2y0s6fErQmGaIRt3DEKWBJ5GoFP6W53rBkc7gbCp4j.9zNgL0dr8wkrDQuT8XPSSNqtchLkk8Fwxucbvx6SBYxDOvVaXOvgxqIFarQqY0cqSBMbk1uCvTNkKqdCT8RHSU1_QUf4kC3nYauxcT3k7bTz1cEb9h4_nOMewpNkeX4SIkgNSUSPLwgPA1XfX9eBuf6MM1VdG.4wijO5FCub7XO8fmcCR1vXFwmEZACw0pXa.ba1gxW01jjbYWPe5fLi0mLWKcxC_h7wJ4NEUpHEHe49ltlfr4ocseYO_YiOswYHGaMqdJFPTkE1cHTw.IuJxcW4JoPnLXIyH_QWBtEC_kDH7lGzDyf8fW925pMyoStYoOrL6vjk9ZMdIxlwmO3w_0dAmRJNXF1iKxlpOVMrrP3R4cSzThKLDqNvTtU8g_4I2Y_hZv7zFvEJs9lzQeW6U5QMaGK.dS8cTslvtJjIfaPb2j4I30NMrOEbWovpEGEMP3b_lBCRJ4hbjfUoTLe0.Xnx3DwLyh_l9waTTq2mQ7pAmoibB3z9pg5cwDYA2QJtBtQ5vZcR0Wxaep7aCAIZVv069MvdTjiUW7Lo8PVe_6fc12MvlZRjoJf8ybDbWtHIPuUvuZ6WYSa0BH8y8gtn.aYIz3DmGLcFZBY3xtExkvSDoxCWrd7NLzNbc_s2wPApysTHTw4lqxqtqSk7NVn_i_auUdBQYBShyRvn4j61ZKP8nOaX9gie8vxQE",mdrd: "cHdtsk9VAg3J8hlSCHc4M_i7o3ZLg2tLedSmlvq4_4w-1739788213-1.2.1.1-rb.8U9Ooy6RgMA27F9UsCjmuNyktbCPPjnL_4M4u0Gno1UOcOI0eYBMbTfRg0.koncRgBdeKJbhsnNi1TxV9RmMHawhWJ4VvrKeGtLj3aeFr.wxPR4rnG306kKOgp1PbqIHFrbJyGi2S78FlIt20rqPU8x9sYhpzTNtxTL_q0_1doZ6Nm56V9KhRgug0wyU2r65FfgPRNZVoJmzbqzxw3k6fO2iVVQ8Yhuz82Nyg8Qkj8omYeHM8NC1npQvV7e9NPAoUM.b67VM9rTs4BK1dK3HF8pMw7qTLjA3RP9VZoo8zrTJKJbe82codfzTx_I4JH.ThUAu_dTD_xizgiKexscQzd316CcbbdmSWQD4gRm47iYU3jTvLnaxs7F.57L64_KMWMJnA6aPw_DWsvYbXO2T9gc4ONDblfbgL2fcHG3hegAVHkcfiSd8AVvyhLa1zNMoGgT9gJWt5gm4geE.4iCfFP6RNrkgaloyDxoDicVCRpyFWz5so8D76i8NCO3uyJjP7pg3dxC9nKU0FdXeVGiA6ebu7D7.I1aHrdvFazDV4OjS5KTTV.eFv8vlzfZyH.4rms2Lb6ATbaTACzoIIHFgybkOLMKXGD5w1qCoX38Ago5teDBeZ9emRc0UleU5cGZume1PuKw.icI9YEPEHsqqUHIwud.QH1s_ZoSTSi7di_7.yHgWl6fhGElVm.GiJFeh5pEd6HJcs9j8fGNu.kG19lWCJEbblG1WU_4fXh0osAHUcfLbL_JfUNaINtxbOKeVxZapm6kR2PVg4uMHqXPGFfQ9RxGcr_XPMVyTzOLEskjlYbjSyR0I0HmawgNU4qFVPIarHBjgJu6YWfuAIRvbXdKtvCYxFNNfRijLhzwEMfvjhh4hRoM.B7lssQzBvhEGLIMRdM0h1zgrnqZ7EQVVs_DEncJ8S6E8hlNFXFhG_atZdnWuSPbfGD5TAfBAcdo1IKDfP7CkgKvA.eXIRloXSQ3it3bQAn2ZN1AYYoD_itEM5bJuaJPBSwu1RbMgoex.7HFQqvAxhachVS8gtnihwPBCIRxIsGgeUl7VnJOEgVDtvZ8GwMQ.zGtZTdHuRvqni0Uvoz1PzBEsUUoqAQXnz59k4CGeumCmkKk1ag9LdfR6.hmDHzNswc79MJ2p6AGkK.kWmA_RDbkfrZdHjTnGqMgpaX6xY1D3wyVxgm.Dw..Z2Z.pvKxMVv9zRXVrKDuylAfN6hXQUkMDQ8.rpf6qGNGrCH3TrUEIMM7iMonejKgk3tB.1NfgplnZl48RnoG0Ynk.0cJC2dAR0SzDdF__LIGoX_sF8l0J22rFy5aXCpPIEhSA5AjhZvtU7h9P0rgNo2tJ.xjVQ.ZetNGc.Ic9hRquhWM1.DrxggPbd6hqEBgrHq7zXpXy4wzZzZ4fTjtOyN_G.hLOBP4.oZeWK435P2zojkB49xDKSaQucAtZpqXSxl.zvfbC2KgM3dzo7o3uBlDUpxLOOkSXyM49xF5.iF1F_zjN1SVBSrw5OltRVa9x1Pqo1xFxJirpuGd0lIgot0Oynazvctg2jDWYHZVYX0fTJGRRGHMCdEKuTmXaYBZta32DgA0VsPJvEkS3bzeYN7Mf8bWphd_vZz90XK.3Pr38iH21k6dRVPyL86K9IYg6kUv9jpG__SueGE2k.r5x13eGbvWByPywivYekGVSW_Bp44l9MZoZnCo8yc1a_ScywPTU9DSBPP3eaSvTM4G8fJOqyxPD.ykP_pw3uWd1n6JBvbwqESrSUxktv0vHEX10YbVZF5.8oSVRC38KE9vjePf48q_2OUfDbcrnFSPZrT3ULim7majwDmkFPdv3QFZGyPwiJE0BfzsKlt5xMREZo198hBkmqLJpaJOyHitwLdCmI9iI7x9vVrz72_4uaagOrjDfbvTt2W6n.gRMuo8aWRFeb6Rc.rngqLRwTkJD8aWo5NdRWXmtUagDM48GrjRHqwDb9W.NqW3MMkWbk"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=913519cdce826016';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=A.%20O.%20Dahman&__cf_chl_rt_tk=p_aeTN1xu8R4AbfQvmvYlpDPQQWcWmH3sQt9I0bAuj4-1739788213-1.0.1.1-UjQkwvRp5y6FqyuDep_mj7hNeZDrpHJCn.CW2M1NyKY" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>