CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Falafel - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"e5353a38-ae24-4007-ac51-3d9e44830ace","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Falafel","wgTitle":"Falafel","wgCurRevisionId":1282561044,"wgRevisionId":1282561044,"wgArticleId":164311,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using the Phonos extension","Wikipedia extended-confirmed-protected pages","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Use dmy dates from August 2021","Good articles","Articles containing Arabic-language text","Pages with Arabic IPA","Pages including recorded pronunciations","Articles containing Persian-language text","Articles containing Sanskrit-language text","Articles containing Egyptian Arabic-language text","Commons category link from Wikidata","Chickpea dishes","Middle Eastern cuisine","Arab cuisine","Egyptian cuisine","Israeli cuisine","Palestinian cuisine","Lebanese cuisine","Syrian cuisine","Jordanian cuisine","Iraqi cuisine","Saudi Arabian cuisine","Bahraini cuisine","National dishes","Vegan cuisine","Street food","Vegetarian sandwiches","Fritters","Lenten foods"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Falafel","wgRelevantArticleId":164311,"wgIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRestrictionEdit":["extendedconfirmed"],"wgRestrictionMove":["extendedconfirmed"],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q188788","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false}; RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.phonos.styles":"ready","ext.phonos.icons":"ready","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.phonos.init","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.phonos.icons%2Cstyles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.22"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Falafels_2.jpg/1200px-Falafels_2.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="675"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Falafels_2.jpg/960px-Falafels_2.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="450"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="360"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Falafel - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falafel"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falafel"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="auth.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Falafel rootpage-Falafel skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Falafel" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Falafel" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Falafel" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Falafel" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History_and_distribution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_and_distribution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History and distribution</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History_and_distribution-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History and distribution subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History_and_distribution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Middle_East" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middle_East"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Middle East</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middle_East-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>North America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vegetarianism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vegetarianism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Vegetarianism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vegetarianism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Preparation_and_variations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Preparation_and_variations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Preparation and variations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Preparation_and_variations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nutrition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nutrition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Nutrition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nutrition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politico-cultural_implications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politico-cultural_implications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Politico-cultural implications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politico-cultural_implications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Falafel</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 70 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-70" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">70 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falafel" title="Falafel – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Falafel" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%84" title="فلافل – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فلافل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A1%D6%86%D5%A5%D5%AC" title="Ֆալաֆել – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ֆալաֆել" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falafel" title="Falafel – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Falafel" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2" title="ফালাফেল – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ফালাফেল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Фалафель – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Фалафель" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Фалафел – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Фалафел" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falafel" title="Falafel – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Falafel" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falafel" title="Falafel – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Falafel" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fal%C3%A0fel" title="Falàfel – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Falàfel" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palapel" title="Palapel – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Palapel" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falafel" title="Falafel – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Falafel" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ffalaffel" title="Ffalaffel – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ffalaffel" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falafel" title="Falafel – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Falafel" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falafel" title="Falafel – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Falafel" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falafel" title="Falafel – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Falafel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%AC%CF%86%CE%B5%CE%BB" title="Φαλάφελ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φαλάφελ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fal%C3%A1fel" title="Faláfel – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Faláfel" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kikerbulo" title="Kikerbulo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kikerbulo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falafel" title="Falafel – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Falafel" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%84" title="فلافل – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فلافل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falafel" title="Falafel – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Falafel" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fal%C3%A1fel" title="Faláfel – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Faláfel" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8C%94%EB%9D%BC%ED%8E%A0" title="팔라펠 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="팔라펠" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A1%D6%86%D5%A5%D5%AC" title="Ֆալաֆել – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆալաֆել" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%B2" title="फ़लाफ़ल – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="फ़लाफ़ल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falafel" title="Falafel – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Falafel" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falaflo" title="Falaflo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Falaflo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falafel" title="Falafel – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Falafel" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falafel" title="Falafel – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Falafel" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%9C" title="פלאפל – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פלאפל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falaf%C3%A8l" title="Falafèl – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Falafèl" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AB%E0%B2%BC%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AB%E0%B2%BC%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D" title="ಫ಼ಲಾಫ಼ಲ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಫ಼ಲಾಫ಼ಲ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falafel" title="Falafel – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Falafel" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Фалафель – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Фалафель" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falafel" title="Falafel – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Falafel" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fel%C4%81fels" title="Felāfels – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Felāfels" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falafeliai" title="Falafeliai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Falafeliai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falafel" title="Falafel – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Falafel" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Фалафел – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Фалафел" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%B2" title="फलाफल – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="फलाफल" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%87" title="طعميه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="طعميه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falafel" title="Falafel – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Falafel" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falafel" title="Falafel – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Falafel" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%95%E3%82%A7%E3%83%AB" title="ファラーフェル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ファラーフェル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falafel" title="Falafel – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Falafel" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falafel" title="Falafel – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Falafel" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AB%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B2" title="ਫਲਾਫੇਲ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਫਲਾਫੇਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falafel" title="Falafel – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Falafel" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fal%C3%A1fel" title="Faláfel – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Faláfel" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falafel" title="Falafel – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Falafel" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Фалафель – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фалафель" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falafel" title="Falafel – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Falafel" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falafel" title="Falafel – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Falafel" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falafel" title="Falafel – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Falafel" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Фалафел – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Фалафел" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falafel" title="Falafel – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Falafel" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falafel" title="Falafel – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Falafel" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="பிளாபல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பிளாபல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AB%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D" title="ఫలాఫెల్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఫలాఫెల్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5" title="ฟาลาเฟล – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ฟาลาเฟล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falafel" title="Falafel – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Falafel" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Фалафель – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Фалафель" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%84" title="فلافل – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فلافل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falafel" title="Falafel – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Falafel" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falafel" title="Falafel – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Falafel" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%82%B8%E8%B1%86%E4%B8%B8%E5%AD%90" title="炸豆丸子 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="炸豆丸子" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%9C" title="פאלאפעל – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פאלאפעל" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%A7%92%E8%B1%86%E9%A4%85" title="三角豆餅 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="三角豆餅" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B2%B9%E7%82%B8%E9%B7%B9%E5%98%B4%E8%B1%86%E9%A4%85" title="油炸鷹嘴豆餅 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="油炸鷹嘴豆餅" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q188788#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Falafel" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Falafel" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Falafel"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-viewsource" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Falafel&action=edit" title="This page is protected.
You can view its source [e]" accesskey="e"><span>View source</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Falafel&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Falafel"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-viewsource" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Falafel&action=edit"><span>View source</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Falafel&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Falafel" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Falafel" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Falafel&oldid=1282561044" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Falafel&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Falafel&id=1282561044&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFalafel"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFalafel"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Falafel&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Falafel&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Falafel" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibooks mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook:Falafel" hreflang="en"><span>Wikibooks</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q188788" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-good-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles*" title="This is a good article. Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#extended" title="This article is extended-confirmed-protected."><img alt="Page extended-confirmed-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Middle Eastern fried bean dish</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the Middle Eastern food. For the film, see <a href="/wiki/Falafel_(film)" title="Falafel (film)">Falafel (film)</a>. For the backgammon player, see <a href="/wiki/Matvey_Natanzon" title="Matvey Natanzon">Matvey Natanzon</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox hrecipe adr"><caption class="infobox-title fn"><span>Falafel</span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Falafels_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Falafels_2.jpg/330px-Falafels_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Falafels_2.jpg/500px-Falafels_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Falafels_2.jpg/960px-Falafels_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="2340" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="padding-bottom:0.25em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;">Falafel balls</div></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Alternative names</th><td class="infobox-data">Felafel</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fritter" title="Fritter">Fritter</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Course</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Meze" title="Meze">Meze</a></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Place of origin</th><td class="infobox-data country-name"><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Region or state</th><td class="infobox-data region">Middle East</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Serving temperature</th><td class="infobox-data">Hot</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Main ingredients</th><td class="infobox-data ingredient"><a href="/wiki/Vicia_faba" title="Vicia faba">Broad beans</a> or <a href="/wiki/Chickpea" title="Chickpea">chickpeas</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Other information</th><td class="infobox-data">Unicode <a href="/wiki/Emoji" title="Emoji">emoji</a> 🧆</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-top:0.25em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/20px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook:Falafel" class="extiw" title="b:Cookbook:Falafel">Cookbook: Falafel</a></li><li> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Falafel" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Falafel">Media: Falafel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Falafel</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span><span title="/əl/: 'le' in 'bottle'">əl</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">فلافل</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ar-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Arabic" title="Help:IPA/Arabic">[fæˈlæːfɪl]</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/d\/db\/ArFalafel.ogg\/ArFalafel.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"ArFalafel.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/db/ArFalafel.ogg/ArFalafel.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:ArFalafel.ogg" title="File:ArFalafel.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span>) is a <a href="/wiki/Deep_frying" title="Deep frying">deep-fried</a> ball or patty-shaped <a href="/wiki/Fritter" title="Fritter">fritter</a> of <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_cuisine" title="Egyptian cuisine">Egyptian</a> origin that features in <a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_cuisine" title="Middle Eastern cuisine">Middle Eastern cuisine</a>, particularly <a href="/wiki/Levantine_cuisine" title="Levantine cuisine">Levantine</a> cuisines. It is made from ground <a href="/wiki/Vicia_faba" title="Vicia faba">fava beans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chickpea" title="Chickpea">chickpeas</a>, or both, and mixed with herbs and spices before frying. </p><p>Falafel is often served in a <a href="/wiki/Flatbread" title="Flatbread">flatbread</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Pita" title="Pita">pita</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samoon" title="Samoon">samoon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laffa" title="Laffa">laffa</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Taboon_bread" title="Taboon bread">taboon</a>; "falafel" also frequently refers to a wrapped sandwich that is prepared in this way. The falafel balls may be topped with salads, <a href="/wiki/Pickling" title="Pickling">pickled vegetables</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hot_sauce" title="Hot sauce">hot sauce</a>, and drizzled with <a href="/wiki/Tahini" title="Tahini">tahini-based sauces</a>. Falafel balls may also be eaten alone as a snack or served as part of a <a href="/wiki/Meze" title="Meze">meze</a> tray (assortment of appetizers). </p><p>Falafel is eaten throughout the Middle East and is a common <a href="/wiki/Street_food" title="Street food">street food</a>. Falafel is usually made with <a href="/wiki/Vicia_faba" title="Vicia faba">fava beans</a> in <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Chickpea" title="Chickpea">chickpeas</a> in <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Palestine" title="Palestine">Palestine</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERaviv200320_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERaviv200320-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or either just chickpeas or a combination of both in <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>. The adoption of the Palestinian chickpea version of the falafel into <a href="/wiki/Israeli_cuisine" title="Israeli cuisine">Israeli cuisine</a> and its identification as Israeli is contentious, and has led to accusations of <a href="/wiki/Cultural_appropriation" title="Cultural appropriation">cultural appropriation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gastronationalism" title="Gastronationalism">gastronationalism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Vered-2018_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vered-2018-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div> <p>The word <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">falāfil</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">فلافل</span>) is Arabic and is the plural of <i><span title="American Library Association – Library of Congress transliteration"><i lang="ar-Latn">filfil</i></span></i> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84" class="extiw" title="wikt:فلفل">فلفل</a></span></span>) 'pepper',<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> borrowed from <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> <span title="Persian-language romanization"><i lang="fa-Latn">felfel</i></span> (<span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">فلفل</span></span>),<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> cognate with the <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> word <i><span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">pippalī</i></span></i> (<span title="Sanskrit-language text"><span lang="sa">पिप्पली</span></span>) 'long pepper'; or an earlier <span title="Imperial Aramaic (700-300 BCE)-language romanization"><i lang="arc-Latn">*filfal</i></span>, from Aramaic <span title="Imperial Aramaic (700-300 BCE)-language romanization"><i lang="arc-Latn">pilpāl</i></span> 'small round thing, peppercorn', derived from <i>palpēl</i> 'to be round, roll'.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The name <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">falāfil</i></span> is used world-wide. In English (where it has been written <i>falafel</i>, <i>felafel</i>, <i>filafel</i> and <i>filafil</i>), it is first attested in 1936.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Falafel is known as <span title="Egyptian Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="arz-Latn">taʿmiya</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian Arabic language">Egyptian Arabic</a>: <span lang="arz" dir="rtl">طعمية</span> <i><span title="Egyptian Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="arz-Latn">ṭaʿmiyya</i></span></i>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">IPA:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ar-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Arabic" title="Help:IPA/Arabic">[tˤɑʕˈmejjɑ]</a></span>) in Egypt and Sudan. The word is derived from a <a href="/wiki/Diminutive" title="Diminutive">diminutive</a> form of the Arabic word <i><span title="American Library Association – Library of Congress transliteration"><i lang="ar-Latn">ṭaʿām</i></span></i> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">طعام</span></span>, "food"); the particular form indicates "a unit" of the given <a href="/wiki/Semitic_root" title="Semitic root">root</a> in this case <i><span title="Semitic languages romanization"><i lang="sem-Latn">Ṭ-ʕ-M</i></span></i> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">ط ع م</span></span>, having to do with taste and food), thus meaning "a little piece of food" or "small tasty thing".<sup id="cite_ref-Oxford_Press_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oxford_Press-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Vegetarian_Journal_2001-04-01_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vegetarian_Journal_2001-04-01-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The word <i>falafel</i> can refer to the fritters themselves or to sandwiches filled with them. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_and_distribution">History and distribution</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pita_felafel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A pita filled with vegetables and fritters on a plate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Pita_felafel.jpg/220px-Pita_felafel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Pita_felafel.jpg/330px-Pita_felafel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Pita_felafel.jpg/440px-Pita_felafel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Falafel sandwich in <a href="/wiki/Pita" title="Pita">pita</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Falafel_balls.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Falafel_balls.jpg/220px-Falafel_balls.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Falafel_balls.jpg/330px-Falafel_balls.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Falafel_balls.jpg/440px-Falafel_balls.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a><figcaption>Despite the frying process, the inside of a falafel remains soft.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Falafels_frying_in_egypt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Falafels_frying_in_egypt.jpg/250px-Falafels_frying_in_egypt.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Falafels_frying_in_egypt.jpg/330px-Falafels_frying_in_egypt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Falafels_frying_in_egypt.jpg/500px-Falafels_frying_in_egypt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Egyptian falafel patties frying in oil</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Il_Falafel_di_Ramallah.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A man in a restaurant kitchen making fritters" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Il_Falafel_di_Ramallah.JPG/220px-Il_Falafel_di_Ramallah.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Il_Falafel_di_Ramallah.JPG/330px-Il_Falafel_di_Ramallah.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Il_Falafel_di_Ramallah.JPG/440px-Il_Falafel_di_Ramallah.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2019" data-file-height="1644" /></a><figcaption>Falafel being fried in Ramallah</figcaption></figure> <p>The origin of falafel is uncertain.<sup id="cite_ref-Slow_food_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Slow_food-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The dish most likely originated in <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ynet_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ynet-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lee_2019_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lee_2019-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has been speculated that its history may go back to <a href="/wiki/Pharaonic_Egypt#Dynastic_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharaonic Egypt">Pharaonic Egypt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the earliest written references to falafel from Egyptian sources date to the 19th century,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERaviv2003_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERaviv2003-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-solomonov_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-solomonov-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and oil was probably too expensive to use for deep frying in ancient Egypt.<sup id="cite_ref-solomonov_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-solomonov-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a> is a port city, it was possible to export the dish and its name to other areas in the Middle East.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The dish later migrated northwards to the <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a>, where chickpeas replaced the fava beans, and from there spread to other parts of the Middle East.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERaviv200320_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERaviv200320-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kantor_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kantor-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MacLeod_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MacLeod-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middle_East">Middle East</h3></div> <p>Falafel is a common form of <a href="/wiki/Street_food" title="Street food">street food</a> or <a href="/wiki/Fast_food" title="Fast food">fast food</a> in Egypt, across the <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a>, and in the wider <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoden200862_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoden200862-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The croquettes are regularly eaten as part of <a href="/wiki/Meze" title="Meze">meze</a>. During <a href="/wiki/Ramadan" title="Ramadan">Ramadan</a>, falafel balls are sometimes eaten as part of the <i><a href="/wiki/Iftar" title="Iftar">iftar</a></i>, the meal that breaks the daily fast after sunset.<sup id="cite_ref-Vegetarian_Journal_2001-04-01_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vegetarian_Journal_2001-04-01-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Falafel became so popular that <a href="/wiki/McDonald%27s" title="McDonald's">McDonald's</a> for a time served a "McFalafel" in its breakfast menu in Egypt.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Falafel is still popular in the <a href="/wiki/Copts" title="Copts">Coptic</a> diet, and as such large volumes are cooked during religious holidays.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoden200862_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoden200862-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Falafel is consumed as part of the <a href="/wiki/Lent" title="Lent">Lenten</a> diet by <a href="/wiki/Arab_Christians" title="Arab Christians">Arab Christians</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERaviv200320_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERaviv200320-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoden200862_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoden200862-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaloufMalouf200890_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaloufMalouf200890-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Palestinian chickpea version of the falafel has been <a href="/wiki/Israeli_appropriation_of_Arab_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli appropriation of Arab cuisine">adopted</a> into <a href="/wiki/Israeli_cuisine" title="Israeli cuisine">Israeli cuisine</a>, where it features prominently and has been called a <a href="/wiki/National_dish" title="National dish">national dish</a> of Israel, which Palestinians and other Arabs have criticized and characterized as <a href="/wiki/Cultural_appropriation" title="Cultural appropriation">cultural appropriation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERaviv200320_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERaviv200320-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPilcher2006115_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPilcher2006115-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europe">Europe</h3></div> <p>Waves of migration of Arabs and Turks took falafel through Europe to <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> in particular, where a large Turkish population had put down roots. At first it was a dish consumed principally by migrants. During the early 1970s, the appearance of Turkish food stalls and restaurants made falafel available to the Germans, resulting in a transformation of the recipe.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North_America">North America</h3></div> <p>In North America, prior to the 1970s, falafel was found only in Middle Eastern, Mediterranean and Jewish neighborhoods and restaurants.<sup id="cite_ref-vegtimes1_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vegtimes1-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mouth_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mouth-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ocafd_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ocafd-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-encmah_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encmah-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today, the dish is a common and popular street food in many cities throughout North America.<sup id="cite_ref-atlanta_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atlanta-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-religion_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-religion-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-goodhousekeeping_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-goodhousekeeping-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vegetarianism">Vegetarianism</h3></div> <p>Falafel is popular with vegetarians worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-vegtimes1_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vegtimes1-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Falafel became popular among <a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism" title="Vegetarianism">vegetarians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Veganism" title="Veganism">vegans</a> as an alternative to meat-based street foods.<sup id="cite_ref-vegtimes1_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vegtimes1-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wolfe_2007_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wolfe_2007-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While traditionally thought of as being used to make <a href="/wiki/Veggie_burger" title="Veggie burger">veggie burgers</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-falafel_burgers_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-falafel_burgers-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> its use has expanded as more have adopted it as a source of protein.<sup id="cite_ref-veganvolume_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-veganvolume-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Falafel is used as a meat substitute in some vegetarian recipes for <a href="/wiki/Meatloaf" title="Meatloaf">meatloaf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sloppy_joe" title="Sloppy joe">sloppy joes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spaghetti_and_meatballs" title="Spaghetti and meatballs">spaghetti and meatballs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-vegtimes2_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vegtimes2-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-vegtimes3_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vegtimes3-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Preparation_and_variations">Preparation and variations</h2></div> <p>Falafel is made from <a href="/wiki/Vicia_faba" title="Vicia faba">fava beans</a> or <a href="/wiki/Chickpea" title="Chickpea">chickpeas</a>, or a combination of both.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERaviv200320_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERaviv200320-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Falafel is usually made with <a href="/wiki/Vicia_faba" title="Vicia faba">fava beans</a> in <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_cuisine" title="Egyptian cuisine">Egyptian cuisine</a>, where it most likely originated, with <a href="/wiki/Chickpea" title="Chickpea">chickpeas</a> in <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_cuisine" title="Palestinian cuisine">Palestinian cuisine</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERaviv200320_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERaviv200320-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or just chickpeas or a combination of both in <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> and the wider Middle East.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoden200862_24-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoden200862-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERaviv200320_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERaviv200320-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaloufMalouf200890_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaloufMalouf200890-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Aytop106_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aytop106-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This version is the most popular in the West.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoden200862_24-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoden200862-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When chickpeas are used, they are not cooked prior to use (cooking the chickpeas will cause the falafel to fall apart, requiring adding some flour to use as a binder). Instead they are soaked (sometimes with <a href="/wiki/Sodium_bicarbonate" title="Sodium bicarbonate">baking soda</a>) overnight, then ground together with various ingredients such as parsley, <a href="/wiki/Scallion" title="Scallion">scallions</a>, and garlic.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoden200862_24-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoden200862-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Spices such as <a href="/wiki/Cumin" title="Cumin">cumin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coriander" title="Coriander">coriander</a> are often added to the beans for added flavor.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The dried fava beans are soaked in water and then stone ground with leek, parsley, green coriander, cumin and dry coriander.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mixture is shaped into balls or patties. This can be done by hand or with a tool called an <i>aleb falafel</i> (falafel mould).<sup id="cite_ref-Oxford_Press_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oxford_Press-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mixture is usually <a href="/wiki/Deep_frying" title="Deep frying">deep-fried</a>, or it can be oven-baked. </p><p>Falafel is typically ball-shaped, but is sometimes made in other shapes. The inside of falafel may be green (from green herbs such as parsley or green onion), or tan. Sometimes sesame seeds are added on top of the falafel before frying it. </p><p>The pita falafel <a href="/wiki/Sandwich" title="Sandwich">sandwich</a> was popularized after Israel's independence and in the 1950s by <a href="/wiki/Yemenite_Jews_in_Israel" title="Yemenite Jews in Israel">Jewish Yemeni immigrants</a>. A 19 October 1939 <i><a href="/wiki/The_Palestine_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="The Palestine Post">The Palestine Post</a></i> article is the first mention of the concept of falafels served in a pita bread as a <a href="/wiki/Street_food" title="Street food">street food</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When served as a sandwich, falafel is often wrapped with <a href="/wiki/Flatbread" title="Flatbread">flatbread</a> or stuffed in a hollow <a href="/wiki/Pita" title="Pita">pita</a> bread,<sup id="cite_ref-fluffy_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fluffy-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or it can be served with flat or <a href="/wiki/Unleavened_bread" title="Unleavened bread">unleavened bread</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tomatoes, lettuce, cucumbers, and other garnishes can be added.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWingetChalbi200333_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWingetChalbi200333-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Falafel is commonly accompanied by <a href="/wiki/Tahini_sauce" class="mw-redirect" title="Tahini sauce">tahini sauce</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoden200862_24-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoden200862-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nutrition">Nutrition</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><table class="infobox nowrap"><caption class="infobox-title" style="white-space:normal; padding-bottom:0.15em;">Homemade falafel</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Food_energy" title="Food energy">Energy</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1,393 kJ (333 kcal)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Carbohydrate" title="Carbohydrate">Carbohydrates</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">31.84 g</div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Fat" title="Fat">Fat</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">17.80 g</div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Protein_(nutrient)" title="Protein (nutrient)">Protein</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">13.31 g</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="; ; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="line-height:normal; padding:0.2em; ;"><div style="text-align: center; padding: 0 0.4em; margin: 0 3.3em">Vitamins and minerals</div></th> </tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><b style="margin-left:-0.65em"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin" title="Vitamin">Vitamins</a></b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><b>Quantity</b> <div style="float: right;"><abbr title="Percentage of Daily Value"><b>%DV</b></abbr><sup>†</sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_A" title="Vitamin A">Vitamin A</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">13 IU</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Thiamine" title="Thiamine">Thiamine (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">1</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">12%</div> 0.146 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Riboflavin" title="Riboflavin">Riboflavin (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">2</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">13%</div> 0.166 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Niacin_(nutrient)" class="mw-redirect" title="Niacin (nutrient)">Niacin (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">3</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">7%</div> 1.044 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Pantothenic_acid" title="Pantothenic acid">Pantothenic acid (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">5</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">6%</div> 0.292 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_B6" title="Vitamin B6">Vitamin B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;">6</span></a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">7%</div> 0.125 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Folate" title="Folate">Folate (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">9</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">20%</div> 78 μg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_B12" title="Vitamin B12">Vitamin B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;">12</span></a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">0%</div> 0.00 μg</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><b style="margin-left:-0.65em"><a href="/wiki/Mineral_(nutrient)" title="Mineral (nutrient)">Minerals</a></b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><b>Quantity</b> <div style="float: right;"><abbr title="Percentage of Daily Value"><b>%DV</b></abbr><sup>†</sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Calcium_in_biology#Humans" title="Calcium in biology">Calcium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">4%</div> 54 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Human_iron_metabolism" title="Human iron metabolism">Iron</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">19%</div> 3.42 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_in_biology" title="Magnesium in biology">Magnesium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">20%</div> 82 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Manganese#Human_health_and_nutrition" title="Manganese">Manganese</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">30%</div> 0.691 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus#Biological_role" title="Phosphorus">Phosphorus</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">15%</div> 192 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Potassium_in_biology" title="Potassium in biology">Potassium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">20%</div> 585 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Sodium_in_biology" title="Sodium in biology">Sodium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">13%</div> 294 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Zinc#Biological_role" title="Zinc">Zinc</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">14%</div> 1.50 mg</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><b style="margin-left:-0.65em">Other constituents</b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><b>Quantity</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;">Water</th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">34.62 g</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr /><div class="wrap" style="padding:0.3em;line-height:1.2em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/172455/nutrients">Link to USDA Database entry</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below wrap" style="background:#e0e0e0;padding:0.3em;line-height:1.5em;font-weight:normal;font-size:0.9em"><sup>†</sup>Percentages estimated using <a href="/wiki/Reference_Daily_Intake#Daily_Values" title="Reference Daily Intake">US recommendations</a> for adults,<sup id="cite_ref-FDADailyValues_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDADailyValues-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from <a href="/wiki/National_Academies_of_Sciences,_Engineering,_and_Medicine" title="National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine">the National Academies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NationalAcademiesPotassium_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NationalAcademiesPotassium-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table><p>Homemade falafel is 35% water, 32% <a href="/wiki/Carbohydrate" title="Carbohydrate">carbohydrates</a>, 13% <a href="/wiki/Protein_(nutrient)" title="Protein (nutrient)">protein</a>, and 18% <a href="/wiki/Fat" title="Fat">fat</a> (table). In a reference amount of 100 grams (3.5 oz), homemade falafel supplies 333 <a href="/wiki/Calorie" title="Calorie">calories</a> and is a rich source (20% or more of the <a href="/wiki/Daily_Value" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily Value">Daily Value</a>, DV) of <a href="/wiki/Folate" title="Folate">folate</a> (20% DV), several <a href="/wiki/Mineral_(nutrient)" title="Mineral (nutrient)">dietary minerals</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dietary_fiber" title="Dietary fiber">dietary fiber</a> (table). Falafel can be baked to avoid the high fat content associated with frying in oil.<sup id="cite_ref-vegtimes1_32-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vegtimes1-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWingetChalbi200333_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWingetChalbi200333-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politico-cultural_implications">Politico-cultural implications</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_food_in_the_Arab-Israeli_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of food in the Arab-Israeli conflict">Politics of food in the Arab-Israeli conflict</a></div> <p>Arguments over the relative importance of the dish in various cuisines is an example of <a href="/wiki/Gastronationalism" title="Gastronationalism">gastronationalism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Vered-2018_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vered-2018-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In particular, discussion centers around the adoption of the dish into Israeli cuisine as an example of <a href="/wiki/Cultural_appropriation" title="Cultural appropriation">cultural appropriation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Vered-2018_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vered-2018-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The chickpea version of the falafel has been adopted into <a href="/wiki/Israeli_cuisine" title="Israeli cuisine">Israeli cuisine</a>, where it now features prominently and has been called a <a href="/wiki/National_dish" title="National dish">national dish</a> of Israel – an attribution that Palestinians and other Arabs have criticized.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERaviv200320_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERaviv200320-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPilcher2006115_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPilcher2006115-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While, according to author Claudia Roden, falafel was "never specifically a Jewish dish" in Syria and Egypt, it was consumed by <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Jews" title="Syrian Jews">Syrian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian Jews">Egyptian Jews</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Slow_food_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Slow_food-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kantor_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kantor-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was adopted in the diet of early <a href="/wiki/Aliyah" title="Aliyah">Jewish immigrants</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Yishuv" title="Yishuv">Jewish communities</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Syria" title="Ottoman Syria">Ottoman Syria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPilcher2006115_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPilcher2006115-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As it is plant-based, <a href="/wiki/Kashrut" title="Kashrut">Jewish dietary laws</a> classify it as <a href="/wiki/Pareve" title="Pareve">pareve</a> and thus allow it to be eaten with both meat and dairy meals.<sup id="cite_ref-mouth_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mouth-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Palestinian author <a href="/wiki/Reem_Kassis" title="Reem Kassis">Reem Kassis</a> wrote that the term "Israeli food" (including falafel) has become a proxy for political conflict.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPilcher2006115_30-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPilcher2006115-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Massad" title="Joseph Massad">Joseph Massad</a>, a Jordanian-American professor at <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a>, has characterized falafel and other Arab dishes description in American and European restaurants as Israeli to be part of a broader trend of "<a href="/wiki/Colonialism" title="Colonialism">colonial conquest</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Journalist <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Bar-Adon" title="Dorothy Bar-Adon">Dorothy Kahn Bar-Adon</a> wrote in 1941 that "since the outbreak of war domestic science institutions have been advocating the use of local products" but that there was a "wall of resistance", and that many Eastern Europeans were reluctant to use local foods. Dafna Hirsch of the <a href="/wiki/Open_University_of_Israel" title="Open University of Israel">Open University of Israel</a>, wrote that despite this initial reluctance, "several ingredients from the Palestinian repertoire did penetrate many Jewish kitchens by the early 1940s, mostly vegetables like olives, tomatoes, eggplants, and squashes. Prepared dishes, however, were rarely adopted, except for falafel, which became a popular street food in Tel Aviv by the late 1930s. Excluding consumption by immigrants from Arab countries, both falafel and, later, hummus seem to have been adopted mainly by the first generation of Jews born in the country."<sup id="cite_ref-Hirsch2011_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hirsch2011-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some authors have disagreed on the politics of food and its relative merit as a topic in the conflict.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Association of Lebanese Industrialists in 2008 threatened a lawsuit against Israel seeking damages for lost revenues, claiming <a href="/wiki/Copyright_infringement" title="Copyright infringement">copyright infringement</a> regarding the <a href="/wiki/Branding_(promotional)" class="mw-redirect" title="Branding (promotional)">branding</a> of Israeli falafel, <a href="/wiki/Hummus" title="Hummus">hummus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tabbouleh" title="Tabbouleh">tabbouleh</a>, and other foods.<sup id="cite_ref-Kantor_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kantor-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MacLeod_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MacLeod-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Dugo" title="Operation Dugo">Operation Dugo</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERaviv200320-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERaviv200320_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERaviv200320_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERaviv200320_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERaviv200320_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERaviv200320_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERaviv200320_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERaviv200320_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERaviv200320_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRaviv2003">Raviv 2003</a>, p. 20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vered-2018-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Vered-2018_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vered-2018_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vered-2018_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFVered2018" class="citation news cs1">Vered, Ronit (13 June 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/food/2018-06-13/ty-article-magazine/.premium/which-nation-owns-falafel-and-does-it-matter/0000017f-e498-d7b2-a77f-e79f24d30000">"Israelis or Arabs – Who Owns Falafel - and Does It Matter?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Israelis+or+Arabs+%E2%80%93+Who+Owns+Falafel+-+and+Does+It+Matter%3F&rft.date=2018-06-13&rft.aulast=Vered&rft.aufirst=Ronit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Ffood%2F2018-06-13%2Fty-article-magazine%2F.premium%2Fwhich-nation-owns-falafel-and-does-it-matter%2F0000017f-e498-d7b2-a77f-e79f24d30000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFalafel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=falafel&submit.x=38&submit.y=12">"falafel"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/American_Heritage_Dictionary" class="mw-redirect" title="American Heritage Dictionary">American Heritage Dictionary</a></i> (5th ed.). 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=falafel&rft.btitle=American+Heritage+Dictionary&rft.edition=5th&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fahdictionary.com%2Fword%2Fsearch.html%3Fq%3Dfalafel%26submit.x%3D38%26submit.y%3D12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFalafel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abadis.ir/?lntype=dehkhoda,fatofa,moeen,amid,name,wiki,wikiislamic&word=%D9%BE%D9%84%D9%BE%D9%84&from=ac">"دیکشنری آنلاین - Dehkhoda dictionary - معنی پلپل"</a>. <i>abadis.ir</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210306165047/https://abadis.ir/?lntype=dehkhoda,fatofa,moeen,amid,name,wiki,wikiislamic&word=%D9%BE%D9%84%D9%BE%D9%84&from=ac">Archived</a> from the original on 6 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=abadis.ir&rft.atitle=%D8%AF%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%B1%DB%8C+%D8%A2%D9%86%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86+-+Dehkhoda+dictionary+-+%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%86%DB%8C+%D9%BE%D9%84%D9%BE%D9%84&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabadis.ir%2F%3Flntype%3Ddehkhoda%2Cfatofa%2Cmoeen%2Camid%2Cname%2Cwiki%2Cwikiislamic%26word%3D%25D9%25BE%25D9%2584%25D9%25BE%25D9%2584%26from%3Dac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFalafel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dictionary.com/browse/falafel">"Definition of falafel | Dictionary.com"</a>. <i>www.dictionary.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190106204535/https://www.dictionary.com/browse/falafel">Archived</a> from the original on 6 January 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.dictionary.com&rft.atitle=Definition+of+falafel+%7C+Dictionary.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dictionary.com%2Fbrowse%2Ffalafel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFalafel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The <a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a> (3rd ed., March 2022) has a <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/69033">1936 citation</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oxford_Press-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Oxford_Press_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oxford_Press_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDavidsonJaine,_Tom2006" class="citation book cs1">Davidson, Alan; Jaine, Tom (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JTr-ouCbL2AC&q=falafel&pg=PA287"><i>The Oxford Companion to Food</i></a> (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 287. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-280681-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-280681-9"><bdi>978-0-19-280681-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+Food&rft.pages=287&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-19-280681-9&rft.aulast=Davidson&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft.au=Jaine%2C+Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJTr-ouCbL2AC%26q%3Dfalafel%26pg%3DPA287&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFalafel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vegetarian_Journal_2001-04-01-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Vegetarian_Journal_2001-04-01_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vegetarian_Journal_2001-04-01_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHabeeb2007" class="citation web cs1">Habeeb, Salloum (1 April 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190902204559/https://www.nelsonbrain.com/shop">"Falafel: healthy Middle Eastern hamburgers capture the West"</a>. <i>Vegetarian Journal</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-30704219_ITM">the original</a> on 2 September 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vegetarian+Journal&rft.atitle=Falafel%3A+healthy+Middle+Eastern+hamburgers+capture+the+West.&rft.date=2007-04-01&rft.aulast=Habeeb&rft.aufirst=Salloum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.accessmylibrary.com%2Fcoms2%2Fsummary_0286-30704219_ITM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFalafel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHam2010" class="citation book cs1">Ham, Anthony (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=n-jEEqvIqi4C&pg=PA199"><i>Africa</i></a>. Footscray, Victoria: Lonely Planet. p. 199. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-74104-988-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-74104-988-6"><bdi>978-1-74104-988-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Africa&rft.place=Footscray%2C+Victoria&rft.pages=199&rft.pub=Lonely+Planet&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-74104-988-6&rft.aulast=Ham&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dn-jEEqvIqi4C%26pg%3DPA199&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFalafel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Slow_food-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Slow_food_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Slow_food_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPetriniWatson,_Benjamin2001" class="citation book cs1">Petrini, Carlo; Watson, Benjamin (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KVf94-rwpJ8C&q=Slow%20food:%20collected%20thoughts%20on%20taste,%20tradition,%20and%20the%20honest%20pleasures%20...%20By%20Carlo%20Petrini,%20Benjamin%20Watson&pg=PA55"><i>Slow food : collected thoughts on taste, tradition, and the honest pleasures of food</i></a>. Chelsea Green Publishing. p. 55. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-931498-01-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-931498-01-2"><bdi>978-1-931498-01-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Slow+food+%3A+collected+thoughts+on+taste%2C+tradition%2C+and+the+honest+pleasures+of+food&rft.pages=55&rft.pub=Chelsea+Green+Publishing&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-931498-01-2&rft.aulast=Petrini&rft.aufirst=Carlo&rft.au=Watson%2C+Benjamin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKVf94-rwpJ8C%26q%3DSlow%2520food%3A%2520collected%2520thoughts%2520on%2520taste%2C%2520tradition%2C%2520and%2520the%2520honest%2520pleasures%2520...%2520By%2520Carlo%2520Petrini%2C%2520Benjamin%2520Watson%26pg%3DPA55&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFalafel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHelman2015" class="citation book cs1">Helman, Anat (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-LOlCgAAQBAJ"><i>Jews and Their Foodways</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-049359-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-049359-2"><bdi>978-0-19-049359-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221208211427/https://books.google.com/books?id=-LOlCgAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 8 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 March</span> 2023</span>. <q>The claim that Indian cooking may have influenced the invention of falafel is reasonable. There are many fried foods in India that predate falafel and that are similar in shape and consistency. British soldiers familiar with <i>vada</i>, <i>ambode</i>, <i>dal ke pakode</i> and other fried foods might easily have experimented and encouraged resourceful Egyptian chefs to come up with a local equivalent.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jews+and+Their+Foodways&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-19-049359-2&rft.aulast=Helman&rft.aufirst=Anat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-LOlCgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFalafel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ynet-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ynet_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGalili2007" class="citation news cs1">Galili, Shooky (4 July 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3421119,00.html">"Falafel fact sheet"</a>. Ynet News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110628183259/http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3421119,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Falafel+fact+sheet&rft.date=2007-07-04&rft.aulast=Galili&rft.aufirst=Shooky&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ynetnews.com%2Farticles%2F0%2C7340%2CL-3421119%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFalafel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lee_2019-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lee_2019_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLee2019" class="citation web cs1">Lee, Alexander (1 January 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.historytoday.com/archive/historians-cookbook/falafel">"Historian's Cookbook - Falafel"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/History_Today" title="History Today">History Today</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210103043712/https://www.historytoday.com/archive/historians-cookbook/falafel">Archived</a> from the original on 3 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=History+Today&rft.atitle=Historian%27s+Cookbook+-+Falafel&rft.date=2019-01-01&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.historytoday.com%2Farchive%2Fhistorians-cookbook%2Ffalafel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFalafel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zmescience.com/science/history-falafel-food-feature/">"A short wrap-up of the history of falafel"</a>. <i>ZME Science</i>. 21 July 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210114194037/https://www.zmescience.com/science/history-falafel-food-feature/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ZME+Science&rft.atitle=A+short+wrap-up+of+the+history+of+falafel&rft.date=2020-07-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zmescience.com%2Fscience%2Fhistory-falafel-food-feature%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFalafel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2016/may/04/the-falafel-battle-which-country-cooks-it-best">"The falafel battle: which country cooks it best?"</a>. <i>the Guardian</i>. 4 May 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210126153112/https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2016/may/04/the-falafel-battle-which-country-cooks-it-best">Archived</a> from the original on 26 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=the+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+falafel+battle%3A+which+country+cooks+it+best%3F&rft.date=2016-05-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Flifeandstyle%2F2016%2Fmay%2F04%2Fthe-falafel-battle-which-country-cooks-it-best&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFalafel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWilson1988" class="citation book cs1">Wilson, Hilary (1988). <i>Egyptian food and drink</i>. Shire Egyptology (1. publ ed.). Princes Risborough: Shire. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85263-972-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85263-972-6"><bdi>978-0-85263-972-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Egyptian+food+and+drink&rft.place=Princes+Risborough&rft.series=Shire+Egyptology&rft.edition=1.+publ&rft.pub=Shire&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-85263-972-6&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Hilary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFalafel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERaviv2003-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERaviv2003_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRaviv2003">Raviv 2003</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDenker2003" class="citation book cs1">Denker, Joel (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=S_x6nrkcoUkC&lpg=PA41&vq=falafel&pg=PA41#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>The World on a Plate: A Tour Through the History of America's Ethnic Cuisine</i></a>. U of Nebraska Press. p. 41. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8133-4003-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8133-4003-9"><bdi>0-8133-4003-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World+on+a+Plate%3A+A+Tour+Through+the+History+of+America%27s+Ethnic+Cuisine&rft.pages=41&rft.pub=U+of+Nebraska+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-8133-4003-9&rft.aulast=Denker&rft.aufirst=Joel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DS_x6nrkcoUkC%26lpg%3DPA41%26vq%3Dfalafel%26pg%3DPA41%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFalafel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-solomonov-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-solomonov_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-solomonov_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSolomonov2018" class="citation book cs1">Solomonov, Michael (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7GVwDwAAQBAJ&dq=falafel+copts&pg=PA20"><i>Israeli Soul: Easy, Essential, Delicious</i></a>. Houghton Mifflin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780544970373" title="Special:BookSources/9780544970373"><bdi>9780544970373</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Israeli+Soul%3A+Easy%2C+Essential%2C+Delicious&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=9780544970373&rft.aulast=Solomonov&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7GVwDwAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dfalafel%2Bcopts%26pg%3DPA20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFalafel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLiz_Steinberg" class="citation news cs1">Liz Steinberg. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/food/.premium-food-wars-did-jews-invent-falafel-after-all-1.5429673">"Food Wars: Did Jews Invent Falafel After All?"</a>. <i>Haaretz</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210414213438/https://www.haaretz.com/food/.premium-food-wars-did-jews-invent-falafel-after-all-1.5429673">Archived</a> from the original on 14 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Food+Wars%3A+Did+Jews+Invent+Falafel+After+All%3F&rft.au=Liz+Steinberg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Ffood%2F.premium-food-wars-did-jews-invent-falafel-after-all-1.5429673&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFalafel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGreen2004" class="citation book cs1">Green, Aliza (2004). <i>Beans</i>. Running Press. p. 76. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7624-1931-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7624-1931-9"><bdi>978-0-7624-1931-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beans&rft.pages=76&rft.pub=Running+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-7624-1931-9&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=Aliza&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFalafel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kantor-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kantor_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kantor_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kantor_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKantor,_Jodi2002" class="citation web cs1">Kantor, Jodi (10 July 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2002/07/10/dining/a-history-of-the-mideast-in-the-humble-chickpea.html">"A History of the Mideast in the Humble Chickpea"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200913210032/https://www.nytimes.com/2002/07/10/dining/a-history-of-the-mideast-in-the-humble-chickpea.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=A+History+of+the+Mideast+in+the+Humble+Chickpea&rft.date=2002-07-10&rft.au=Kantor%2C+Jodi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2002%2F07%2F10%2Fdining%2Fa-history-of-the-mideast-in-the-humble-chickpea.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFalafel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MacLeod-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MacLeod_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MacLeod_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMacLeod2008" class="citation news cs1">MacLeod, Hugh (12 October 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theage.com.au/world/lebanon-turns-up-the-heat-as-falafels-fly-in-food-fight-20081011-4yqo.html">"Lebanon turns up the heat as falafels fly in food fight"</a>. <i>The Age</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081014091818/http://www.theage.com.au/world/lebanon-turns-up-the-heat-as-falafels-fly-in-food-fight-20081011-4yqo.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 October 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Age&rft.atitle=Lebanon+turns+up+the+heat+as+falafels+fly+in+food+fight&rft.date=2008-10-12&rft.aulast=MacLeod&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theage.com.au%2Fworld%2Flebanon-turns-up-the-heat-as-falafels-fly-in-food-fight-20081011-4yqo.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFalafel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERoden200862-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoden200862_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoden200862_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoden200862_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoden200862_24-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoden200862_24-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoden200862_24-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoden200862_24-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRoden2008">Roden 2008</a>, p. 62.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKelley2010" class="citation news cs1">Kelley, Leigh (28 January 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210501090256/https://www.blueridgenow.com/article/NC/20100128/News/606056826/HT">"Dining with a Middle Eastern flair"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Times-News_(Hendersonville,_North_Carolina)" title="Times-News (Hendersonville, North Carolina)">Times-News</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.blueridgenow.com/article/NC/20100128/News/606056826/HT">the original</a> on 1 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Times-News&rft.atitle=Dining+with+a+Middle+Eastern+flair&rft.date=2010-01-28&rft.aulast=Kelley&rft.aufirst=Leigh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.blueridgenow.com%2Farticle%2FNC%2F20100128%2FNews%2F606056826%2FHT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFalafel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAllison2009" class="citation news cs1">Allison, Jerry (6 January 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110718075130/http://www.wnewsj.com/main.asp?SectionID=43&SubSectionID=200&ArticleID=172473">"Fast food – Middle Eastern style"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_News_Journal" title="The News Journal">The News Journal</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wnewsj.com/main.asp?SectionID=43&SubSectionID=200&ArticleID=172473">the original</a> on 18 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+News+Journal&rft.atitle=Fast+food+%E2%80%93+Middle+Eastern+style&rft.date=2009-01-06&rft.aulast=Allison&rft.aufirst=Jerry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wnewsj.com%2Fmain.asp%3FSectionID%3D43%26SubSectionID%3D200%26ArticleID%3D172473&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFalafel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFM._Conroy2014" class="citation book cs1">M. Conroy, Thomas (2014). <i>Food and Everyday Life</i>. Lexington Books. p. 73. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780739173114" title="Special:BookSources/9780739173114"><bdi>9780739173114</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Food+and+Everyday+Life&rft.pages=73&rft.pub=Lexington+Books&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9780739173114&rft.aulast=M.+Conroy&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFalafel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDavidson2014" class="citation book cs1">Davidson, Alan (2014). <i>The Oxford Companion to Food</i>. Oxford University Press. p. 295. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780191040726" title="Special:BookSources/9780191040726"><bdi>9780191040726</bdi></a>. <q>Falafel are made for religious festivals, especially among Christian communities during Lent when meat is forbidden.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+Food&rft.pages=295&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9780191040726&rft.aulast=Davidson&rft.aufirst=Alan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFalafel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaloufMalouf200890-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaloufMalouf200890_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaloufMalouf200890_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMaloufMalouf2008">Malouf & Malouf 2008</a>, p. 90.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPilcher2006115-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPilcher2006115_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPilcher2006115_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPilcher2006115_30-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPilcher2006115_30-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPilcher2006">Pilcher 2006</a>, p. 115.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.historytoday.com/archive/historians-cookbook/falafel">"Falafel | History Today"</a>. <i>www.historytoday.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210103043712/https://www.historytoday.com/archive/historians-cookbook/falafel">Archived</a> from the original on 3 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.historytoday.com&rft.atitle=Falafel+%7C+History+Today&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.historytoday.com%2Farchive%2Fhistorians-cookbook%2Ffalafel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFalafel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vegtimes1-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-vegtimes1_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vegtimes1_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vegtimes1_32-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vegtimes1_32-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGrogan,_Bryanna_Clark2003" class="citation web cs1">Grogan, Bryanna Clark (July 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LwcAAAAAMBAJ&q=%22Falafel+Without+the+Fat%22&pg=PA20">"Falafel without fat"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_Times" title="Vegetarian Times">Vegetarian Times</a></i>. pp. 20, 22. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0164-8497">0164-8497</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vegetarian+Times&rft.atitle=Falafel+without+fat&rft.pages=20%2C+22&rft.date=2003-07&rft.issn=0164-8497&rft.au=Grogan%2C+Bryanna+Clark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLwcAAAAAMBAJ%26q%3D%2522Falafel%2BWithout%2Bthe%2BFat%2522%26pg%3DPA20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFalafel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mouth-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mouth_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mouth_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFThorne,_MattThorne,_John2007" class="citation book cs1">Thorne, Matt; Thorne, John (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ze3F_n37NVoC&q=falafel+american&pg=PA181"><i>Mouth Wide Open: A Cook and His Appetite</i></a>. Macmillan. pp. <span class="nowrap">181–</span>187. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86547-628-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86547-628-8"><bdi>978-0-86547-628-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mouth+Wide+Open%3A+A+Cook+and+His+Appetite&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E181-%3C%2Fspan%3E187&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-86547-628-8&rft.au=Thorne%2C+Matt&rft.au=Thorne%2C+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dze3F_n37NVoC%26q%3Dfalafel%2Bamerican%26pg%3DPA181&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFalafel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ocafd-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ocafd_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPerry2007" class="citation book cs1">Perry, Charles (May 2007). "Middle Eastern Influences on American Food". In Smith, Andrew F. (ed.). <i>The Oxford Companion to American Food and Drink</i>. Oxford University Press, USA. p. 384. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-530796-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-530796-2"><bdi>978-0-19-530796-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Middle+Eastern+Influences+on+American+Food&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+American+Food+and+Drink&rft.pages=384&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press%2C+USA&rft.date=2007-05&rft.isbn=978-0-19-530796-2&rft.aulast=Perry&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFalafel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-encmah-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-encmah_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCurtis_IV,_Edward2010" class="citation book cs1">Curtis IV, Edward (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=owZCMZpYamMC&q=falafel+american&pg=PA207"><i>Encyclopedia of Muslim-American History, Volume 1</i></a>. Infobase Publishing. p. 207. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8160-7575-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8160-7575-1"><bdi>978-0-8160-7575-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Muslim-American+History%2C+Volume+1&rft.pages=207&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-8160-7575-1&rft.au=Curtis+IV%2C+Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DowZCMZpYamMC%26q%3Dfalafel%2Bamerican%26pg%3DPA207&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFalafel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-atlanta-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-atlanta_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLenhard,_Elizabeth2006" class="citation journal cs1">Lenhard, Elizabeth (January 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mA8AAAAAMBAJ&q=falafel+american&pg=PA194">"Cuisine of the Month"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlanta Magazine">Atlanta Magazine</a></i>: 194<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atlanta+Magazine&rft.atitle=Cuisine+of+the+Month&rft.pages=194&rft.date=2006-01&rft.au=Lenhard%2C+Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmA8AAAAAMBAJ%26q%3Dfalafel%2Bamerican%26pg%3DPA194&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFalafel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-religion-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-religion_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSchmidtFieldhouse2007" class="citation book cs1">Schmidt, Arno; Fieldhouse, Paul (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ORy2aVD7cEgC&q=falafel+american&pg=PA178"><i>The World Religions Cookbook</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Greenwood_Publishing_Group" title="Greenwood Publishing Group">Greenwood Publishing Group</a>. p. 178. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-33504-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-33504-4"><bdi>978-0-313-33504-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World+Religions+Cookbook&rft.pages=178&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-313-33504-4&rft.aulast=Schmidt&rft.aufirst=Arno&rft.au=Fieldhouse%2C+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DORy2aVD7cEgC%26q%3Dfalafel%2Bamerican%26pg%3DPA178&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFalafel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-goodhousekeeping-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-goodhousekeeping_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWestmoreland,_Susan2004" class="citation book cs1">Westmoreland, Susan, ed. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2fJK8R_x0j8C&q=falafel+american&pg=PT387"><i>The Good Housekeeping Cookbook</i></a>. Hearst Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58816-398-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58816-398-1"><bdi>978-1-58816-398-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Good+Housekeeping+Cookbook&rft.pub=Hearst+Books&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-58816-398-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2fJK8R_x0j8C%26q%3Dfalafel%2Bamerican%26pg%3DPT387&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFalafel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wolfe_2007-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wolfe_2007_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWolfe2007" class="citation book cs1">Wolfe, Frankie Avalon (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=c0S-LmVSYgsC&q=falafel&pg=PA126"><i>The Complete Idiot's Guide to Being Vegetarian</i></a>. Penguin Group. pp. 175, 186. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59257-682-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59257-682-1"><bdi>978-1-59257-682-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Idiot%27s+Guide+to+Being+Vegetarian&rft.pages=175%2C+186&rft.pub=Penguin+Group&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-59257-682-1&rft.aulast=Wolfe&rft.aufirst=Frankie+Avalon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dc0S-LmVSYgsC%26q%3Dfalafel%26pg%3DPA126&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFalafel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-falafel_burgers-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-falafel_burgers_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMurphy2010" class="citation book cs1">Murphy, Jane (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GcjxTyEMNjAC&q=The%20Great%20Big%20Burger%20Book:%20100%20New%20and%20Classic%20Recipes%20for%20Mouth%20Watering%20...%20By%20Jane%20Murphy&pg=PP1"><i>The Great Big Burger Book: 100 New and Classic Recipes for Mouth Watering Burgers Every Day Every Way</i></a>. ReadHowYouWant.com. p. 304. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4587-6463-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4587-6463-8"><bdi>978-1-4587-6463-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+Big+Burger+Book%3A+100+New+and+Classic+Recipes+for+Mouth+Watering+Burgers+Every+Day+Every+Way&rft.pages=304&rft.pub=ReadHowYouWant.com&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-4587-6463-8&rft.aulast=Murphy&rft.aufirst=Jane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGcjxTyEMNjAC%26q%3DThe%2520Great%2520Big%2520Burger%2520Book%3A%2520100%2520New%2520and%2520Classic%2520Recipes%2520for%2520Mouth%2520Watering%2520...%2520By%2520Jane%2520Murphy%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFalafel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-veganvolume-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-veganvolume_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBerkoff_R.D.,_Nancy1999" class="citation book cs1">Berkoff R.D., Nancy (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XzJUBO3Sm_YC&q=%22Falafel%22+vitamin&pg=PA203"><i>Vegan in volume: vegan quantity recipes for every occasion</i></a>. Vegetarian Resource. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-931411-21-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-931411-21-2"><bdi>978-0-931411-21-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vegan+in+volume%3A+vegan+quantity+recipes+for+every+occasion&rft.pub=Vegetarian+Resource&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-931411-21-2&rft.au=Berkoff+R.D.%2C+Nancy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXzJUBO3Sm_YC%26q%3D%2522Falafel%2522%2Bvitamin%26pg%3DPA203&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFalafel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vegtimes2-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vegtimes2_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLeonard,_Joanne1996" class="citation web cs1">Leonard, Joanne (October 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tAQAAAAAMBAJ&q=%22Falafel%22+vegetarian+times&pg=PA36">"New Ways with Falafel: The Middle Eastern favorite has evolved from a high fat sandwich stuffer to a low fat meal magician"</a>. <i>Vegetarian Times</i>. pp. 36, 38<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vegetarian+Times&rft.atitle=New+Ways+with+Falafel%3A+The+Middle+Eastern+favorite+has+evolved+from+a+high+fat+sandwich+stuffer+to+a+low+fat+meal+magician&rft.pages=36%2C+38&rft.date=1996-10&rft.au=Leonard%2C+Joanne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtAQAAAAAMBAJ%26q%3D%2522Falafel%2522%2Bvegetarian%2Btimes%26pg%3DPA36&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFalafel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vegtimes3-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vegtimes3_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWhitney,_Winona1991" class="citation web cs1">Whitney, Winona (June 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JQcAAAAAMBAJ&q=%22Falafel%22+vegetarian+times&pg=PA30">"Minute Meals"</a>. <i>Vegetarian Times</i>. p. 30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vegetarian+Times&rft.atitle=Minute+Meals&rft.pages=30&rft.date=1991-06&rft.au=Whitney%2C+Winona&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJQcAAAAAMBAJ%26q%3D%2522Falafel%2522%2Bvegetarian%2Btimes%26pg%3DPA30&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFalafel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Aytop106-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Aytop106_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAyto1990" class="citation book cs1">Ayto, John (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vAQOAAAAQAAJ&q=syria+falafel+chickpeas&pg=PA106"><i>The glutton's glossary: a dictionary of food and drink terms</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-02647-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-02647-4"><bdi>0-415-02647-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+glutton%27s+glossary%3A+a+dictionary+of+food+and+drink+terms&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-415-02647-4&rft.aulast=Ayto&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvAQOAAAAQAAJ%26q%3Dsyria%2Bfalafel%2Bchickpeas%26pg%3DPA106&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFalafel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBittman2007" class="citation web cs1">Bittman, Mark (4 April 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9401E7D81F30F937A35757C0A9619C8B63">"For the Best Falafel, Do It All Yourself"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110612120635/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9401E7D81F30F937A35757C0A9619C8B63">Archived</a> from the original on 12 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=For+the+Best+Falafel%2C+Do+It+All+Yourself&rft.date=2007-04-04&rft.aulast=Bittman&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Ffullpage.html%3Fres%3D9401E7D81F30F937A35757C0A9619C8B63&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFalafel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKathrynne_Holden" class="citation web cs1">Kathrynne Holden. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scienzavegetariana.it/nutrizione/favabeans.html">"Fava Beans, Levodopa, and Parkinson's Disease"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180722191415/https://www.scienzavegetariana.it/nutrizione/favabeans.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fava+Beans%2C+Levodopa%2C+and+Parkinson%27s+Disease&rft.au=Kathrynne+Holden&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scienzavegetariana.it%2Fnutrizione%2Ffavabeans.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFalafel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRuss_Parsons" class="citation web cs1">Russ Parsons. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201029223716/https://www.southcoasttoday.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/19960529/LIFE/305299944">"The Long History of the Mysterious Fava Bean"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.southcoasttoday.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/19960529/LIFE/305299944">the original</a> on 29 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Long+History+of+the+Mysterious+Fava+Bean&rft.au=Russ+Parsons&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.southcoasttoday.com%2Fapps%2Fpbcs.dll%2Farticle%3FAID%3D%2F19960529%2FLIFE%2F305299944&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFalafel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Encyclopedia of Jewish Food, Gil Marks, HMH, 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fluffy-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fluffy_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMarks2010" class="citation book cs1">Marks, Gil (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ojc4Uker_V0C&q=Encyclopedia+of+Jewish+Food+By+Gil+Marks"><i>Encyclopedia of Jewish food</i></a>. John Wiley & Sons. p. 183. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-470-39130-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-470-39130-3"><bdi>978-0-470-39130-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Jewish+food&rft.pages=183&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-470-39130-3&rft.aulast=Marks&rft.aufirst=Gil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dojc4Uker_V0C%26q%3DEncyclopedia%2Bof%2BJewish%2BFood%2BBy%2BGil%2BMarks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFalafel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBasan2007" class="citation book cs1">Basan, Ghillie (2007). <i>Middle Eastern Kitchen</i>. Hippocrene Books. p. 33. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7818-1190-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7818-1190-3"><bdi>978-0-7818-1190-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Middle+Eastern+Kitchen&rft.pages=33&rft.pub=Hippocrene+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-7818-1190-3&rft.aulast=Basan&rft.aufirst=Ghillie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFalafel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWingetChalbi200333-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWingetChalbi200333_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWingetChalbi200333_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWingetChalbi2003">Winget & Chalbi 2003</a>, p. 33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Claudia Roden, The Book of Jewish Food: An Odyssey from Samarkand to New York, New York, Knopf, 1997, 688 p. (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-394-53258-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-394-53258-9">0-394-53258-9</a>), p. 273.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FDADailyValues-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FDADailyValues_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_Food_and_Drug_Administration2024" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">United States Food and Drug Administration</a> (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fda.gov/food/nutrition-facts-label/daily-value-nutrition-and-supplement-facts-labels">"Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels"</a>. <i>FDA</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240327175201/https://www.fda.gov/food/nutrition-facts-label/daily-value-nutrition-and-supplement-facts-labels">Archived</a> from the original on 27 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FDA&rft.atitle=Daily+Value+on+the+Nutrition+and+Supplement+Facts+Labels&rft.date=2024&rft.au=United+States+Food+and+Drug+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fda.gov%2Ffood%2Fnutrition-facts-label%2Fdaily-value-nutrition-and-supplement-facts-labels&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFalafel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NationalAcademiesPotassium-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NationalAcademiesPotassium_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK545428/table/tab_4_7/">"TABLE 4-7 Comparison of Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in This Report to Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in the 2005 DRI Report"</a>. p. 120.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TABLE+4-7+Comparison+of+Potassium+Adequate+Intakes+Established+in+This+Report+to+Potassium+Adequate+Intakes+Established+in+the+2005+DRI+Report&rft.pages=120&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fbooks%2FNBK545428%2Ftable%2Ftab_4_7%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFalafel" class="Z3988"></span> In: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStallingsHarrisonOria2019" class="citation book cs1">Stallings, Virginia A.; Harrison, Meghan; Oria, Maria, eds. (2019). "Potassium: Dietary Reference Intakes for Adequacy". <i>Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium</i>. pp. <span class="nowrap">101–</span>124. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17226%2F25353">10.17226/25353</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-309-48834-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-309-48834-1"><bdi>978-0-309-48834-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30844154">30844154</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bookshelf_ID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bookshelf ID (identifier)">NCBI</a><span class="nowrap"> </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK545428">NBK545428</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Potassium%3A+Dietary+Reference+Intakes+for+Adequacy&rft.btitle=Dietary+Reference+Intakes+for+Sodium+and+Potassium&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E101-%3C%2Fspan%3E124&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30844154&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17226%2F25353&rft.isbn=978-0-309-48834-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFalafel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFReem_Kassis2020" class="citation news cs1">Reem Kassis (18 February 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/food/heres-why-palestinians-object-to-the-term-israeli-food-it-erases-us-from-history/2020/02/14/96974a74-4d25-11ea-bf44-f5043eb3918a_story.html">"Here's why Palestinians object to the term 'Israeli food': It erases us from history"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210212093607/https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/food/heres-why-palestinians-object-to-the-term-israeli-food-it-erases-us-from-history/2020/02/14/96974a74-4d25-11ea-bf44-f5043eb3918a_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Here%27s+why+Palestinians+object+to+the+term+%27Israeli+food%27%3A+It+erases+us+from+history&rft.date=2020-02-18&rft.au=Reem+Kassis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Flifestyle%2Ffood%2Fheres-why-palestinians-object-to-the-term-israeli-food-it-erases-us-from-history%2F2020%2F02%2F14%2F96974a74-4d25-11ea-bf44-f5043eb3918a_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFalafel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJoseph_Massad2021" class="citation web cs1">Joseph Massad (17 November 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.middleeasteye.net/opinion/israel-palestine-food-colonial-conquest-target-how">"Israel-Palestine: How food became a target of colonial conquest"</a>. Middle East Eye. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230322093553/https://www.middleeasteye.net/opinion/israel-palestine-food-colonial-conquest-target-how">Archived</a> from the original on 22 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Israel-Palestine%3A+How+food+became+a+target+of+colonial+conquest&rft.pub=Middle+East+Eye&rft.date=2021-11-17&rft.au=Joseph+Massad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.middleeasteye.net%2Fopinion%2Fisrael-palestine-food-colonial-conquest-target-how&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFalafel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hirsch2011-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hirsch2011_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHirsch2011" class="citation journal cs1">Hirsch, Dafna (November 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1548-1425.2011.01326.x">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Hummus is best when it is fresh and made by Arabs": The gourmetization of hummus in Israel and the return of the repressed Arab"</a>. <i>American Ethnologist</i>. <b>38</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">619–</span>621. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1548-1425.2011.01326.x">10.1111/j.1548-1425.2011.01326.x</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Ethnologist&rft.atitle=%22Hummus+is+best+when+it+is+fresh+and+made+by+Arabs%22%3A+The+gourmetization+of+hummus+in+Israel+and+the+return+of+the+repressed+Arab&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E619-%3C%2Fspan%3E621&rft.date=2011-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1548-1425.2011.01326.x&rft.aulast=Hirsch&rft.aufirst=Dafna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1548-1425.2011.01326.x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFalafel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAriel2012" class="citation journal cs1">Ariel, Ari (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/gfc.2012.12.1.34">"The Hummus Wars"</a>. <i>Gastronomica</i>. <b>12</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">34–</span>42. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1525%2Fgfc.2012.12.1.34">10.1525/gfc.2012.12.1.34</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1529-3262">1529-3262</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/gfc.2012.12.1.34">10.1525/gfc.2012.12.1.34</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gastronomica&rft.atitle=The+Hummus+Wars&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E34-%3C%2Fspan%3E42&rft.date=2012&rft.issn=1529-3262&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.1525%2Fgfc.2012.12.1.34%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1525%2Fgfc.2012.12.1.34&rft.aulast=Ariel&rft.aufirst=Ari&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.1525%2Fgfc.2012.12.1.34&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFalafel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNahmias2008" class="citation news cs1">Nahmias, Roee (10 June 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ynetnews.com/Ext/Comp/ArticleLayout/CdaArticlePrintPreview/1,2506,L-3605773,00.html">"Lebanon: Israel stole our falafel"</a>. Ynet News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090420082118/http://www.ynetnews.com/Ext/Comp/ArticleLayout/CdaArticlePrintPreview/1,2506,L-3605773,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on 20 April 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Lebanon%3A+Israel+stole+our+falafel&rft.date=2008-06-10&rft.aulast=Nahmias&rft.aufirst=Roee&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ynetnews.com%2FExt%2FComp%2FArticleLayout%2FCdaArticlePrintPreview%2F1%2C2506%2CL-3605773%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFalafel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMaloufMalouf2008" class="citation book cs1">Malouf, Greg; Malouf, Lucy (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0j5c0GMrOdcC&q=egyptian+falafel+spicy&pg=PA90"><i>Artichoke to Za'atar: Modern Middle Eastern Food</i></a>. University of California Press. p. 90. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-25413-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-25413-8"><bdi>978-0-520-25413-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Artichoke+to+Za%27atar%3A+Modern+Middle+Eastern+Food&rft.pages=90&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-520-25413-8&rft.aulast=Malouf&rft.aufirst=Greg&rft.au=Malouf%2C+Lucy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0j5c0GMrOdcC%26q%3Degyptian%2Bfalafel%2Bspicy%26pg%3DPA90&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFalafel" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPilcher2006" class="citation book cs1">Pilcher, Jeffrey M. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lbEVK2DSu3AC&q=falafel"><i>Food in World History</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-31146-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-31146-5"><bdi>978-0-415-31146-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Food+in+World+History&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-415-31146-5&rft.aulast=Pilcher&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlbEVK2DSu3AC%26q%3Dfalafel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFalafel" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRaviv2003" class="citation journal cs1">Raviv, Yael (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2003.3.3.20">"Falafel: A National Icon"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Gastronomica" title="Gastronomica">Gastronomica</a></i>. <b>3</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">20–</span>25. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1525%2Fgfc.2003.3.3.20">10.1525/gfc.2003.3.3.20</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gastronomica&rft.atitle=Falafel%3A+A+National+Icon&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E20-%3C%2Fspan%3E25&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1525%2Fgfc.2003.3.3.20&rft.aulast=Raviv&rft.aufirst=Yael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1525%2Fgfc.2003.3.3.20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFalafel" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRoden2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Claudia_Roden" title="Claudia Roden">Roden, Claudia</a> (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=r723owliVz8C&q=falafel"><i>The New Book of Middle Eastern Food</i></a>. Random House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-375-40506-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-375-40506-8"><bdi>978-0-375-40506-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Book+of+Middle+Eastern+Food&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-375-40506-8&rft.aulast=Roden&rft.aufirst=Claudia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dr723owliVz8C%26q%3Dfalafel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFalafel" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWingetChalbi2003" class="citation book cs1">Winget, Mary; Chalbi, Habib (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yzYgQpdSf7QC"><i>Cooking the North African Way</i></a> (2nd ed.). Twenty-First Century Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8225-4169-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8225-4169-1"><bdi>978-0-8225-4169-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cooking+the+North+African+Way&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Twenty-First+Century+Books&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-8225-4169-1&rft.aulast=Winget&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft.au=Chalbi%2C+Habib&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyzYgQpdSf7QC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFalafel" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Falafel" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Falafel">Falafel</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/120px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikibooks has a book on the topic of: <i><b><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook:Falafel" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Cookbook:Falafel">Cookbook:Falafel</a></b></i></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/120px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/falafel" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/falafel">falafel</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cooking.nytimes.com/recipes/1015257-falafel"><i>Recipe of the Day</i> for 12 February 2008</a> – <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Foodlogo2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/40px-Foodlogo2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/60px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="146" data-file-height="106" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Food" title="Portal:Food">Food</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/MiddleEast_blacky.svg/21px-MiddleEast_blacky.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/MiddleEast_blacky.svg/32px-MiddleEast_blacky.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/MiddleEast_blacky.svg/42px-MiddleEast_blacky.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1551" data-file-height="1402" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Middle_East" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Middle East">Middle East</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Lebanese_cuisine136" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Lebanese_cuisine" title="Template:Lebanese cuisine"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Lebanese_cuisine" title="Template talk:Lebanese cuisine"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lebanese_cuisine" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lebanese cuisine"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lebanese_cuisine136" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_cuisine" title="Lebanese cuisine">Lebanese cuisine</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Beverages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Non-alcoholic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jallab" title="Jallab">Jallab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_coffee" title="Arabic coffee">Arabic coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_coffee" title="Turkish coffee">Turkish coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_coffee" title="White coffee">White coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%B1rra" title="Mırra">Mur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pekmez" title="Pekmez">Dibs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salep" title="Salep">Sahlab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharbat_(beverage)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharbat (beverage)">Sharbat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_tea" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish tea">Turkish tea</a></li></ul></li> <li>Fermented <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ayran" title="Ayran">Ayran</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Lebanon" title="Beer in Lebanon">Beer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Almaza_Beer" class="mw-redirect" title="Almaza Beer">Almaza Beer</a></li></ul></li> <li>Distilled <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arak_(liqueur)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arak (liqueur)">Arak</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_wine" title="Lebanese wine">Wines</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ksara" class="mw-redirect" title="Ksara">Ksara</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Breads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ka%27ak" title="Ka'ak">Ka'ak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kattama" class="mw-redirect" title="Kattama">Katma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manakish" title="Manakish">Manakish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pita" title="Pita">Pita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatayer" title="Fatayer">Fatayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tandoor_bread" title="Tandoor bread">Khubz tannoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markook_(bread)" title="Markook (bread)">Markook</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Meze" title="Meze">Meze</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_salad" title="Arab salad">Arab salad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baba_ghanoush" title="Baba ghanoush">Baba ghanoush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batata_harra" title="Batata harra">Batata harra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasswort_salad" title="Glasswort salad">Glasswort salad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ful_medames" title="Ful medames">Ful medames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hummus" title="Hummus">Hommus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kibbeh" title="Kibbeh">Kibbeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammara" title="Muhammara">Muhammara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarma_(food)" title="Sarma (food)">Sarma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakshouka" title="Shakshouka">Shakshouka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabbouleh" title="Tabbouleh">Tabbouleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogurt" title="Yogurt">Yogurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labneh" class="mw-redirect" title="Labneh">Labneh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cheeses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akkawi" title="Akkawi">Akkawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braided_cheese" title="Braided cheese">Braided cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashkaval" title="Kashkaval">Kashkawan cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halloumi" title="Halloumi">Hallum cheese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Soups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chorba" title="Chorba">Chorba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheep%27s_sorrel_soup" title="Sheep's sorrel soup">Sheep's sorrel soup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lentil_soup" title="Lentil soup">Lentil soup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haleem" title="Haleem">Haleem soup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripe_soup" title="Tripe soup">Tripe soup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogurt_soup" class="mw-redirect" title="Yogurt soup">Yogurt soup</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dishes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stuffed_quinces" title="Stuffed quinces">Stuffed quinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%B6rek" title="Börek">Börek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgur" title="Bulgur">Bulgur</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Falafel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuffed_tomatoes" title="Stuffed tomatoes">Stuffed tomatoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry_meatballs" class="mw-redirect" title="Dry meatballs">Dry meatballs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasolada" title="Fasolada">Fasouliya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moussaka" title="Moussaka">Musaqa‘a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuffed_eggplants" class="mw-redirect" title="Stuffed eggplants">Stuffed eggplants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fried_eggplant" title="Fried eggplant">Fried eggplant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilaf" title="Pilaf">Pilaf</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Grilled meats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kebab" title="Kebab">Kebab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shawarma" title="Shawarma">Shawarma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kofta" title="Kofta">Kofta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Ei%C5%9F_k%C3%B6fte" class="mw-redirect" title="Şiş köfte">Shish kofte</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Desserts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phoenicia_dessert" title="Phoenicia dessert">Phoenicia dessert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baklava" title="Baklava">Baklava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basbousa" title="Basbousa">Basbousa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walnut_stuffed_figs" title="Walnut stuffed figs">Walnut stuffed figs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalburabast%C4%B1" title="Kalburabastı">Hurma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fig_roll" title="Fig roll">Fig roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halva" title="Halva">Halva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qurabiya" title="Qurabiya">Qurabiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanafeh" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanafeh">Kanafeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27amoul" title="Ma'amoul">Ma'amoul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macun" title="Macun">Majun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marron_glac%C3%A9" title="Marron glacé">Marron glacé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhallebi" title="Muhallebi">Muhallebi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quince_dessert" class="mw-redirect" title="Quince dessert">Quince dessert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_pudding" title="Rice pudding">Moghli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flour_kurabiye" title="Flour kurabiye">Flour kurabiye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_delight" title="Turkish delight">Rahat al-halqum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Frequent ingredients</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Vegetables <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bean" title="Bean">Bean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_pepper" title="Bell pepper">Bell pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eggplant" title="Eggplant">Eggplant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leek" title="Leek">Leek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lentil" title="Lentil">Lentil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinach" title="Spinach">Spinach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomato" title="Tomato">Tomato</a></li></ul></li> <li>Herbs & spices <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Almond" title="Almond">Almond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_pepper" title="Black pepper">Black pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chestnut" title="Chestnut">Chestnut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnamon" title="Cinnamon">Cinnamon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumin" title="Cumin">Cumin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dried_apricot" title="Dried apricot">Dried apricot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garlic" title="Garlic">Garlic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazelnut" title="Hazelnut">Hazelnut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peppermint" title="Peppermint">Mint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nut_(food)" title="Nut (food)">Nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olive" title="Olive">Olive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olive_oil" title="Olive oil">Olive oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onion" title="Onion">Onion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregano" title="Oregano">Oregano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paprika" title="Paprika">Paprika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parsley" title="Parsley">Parsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pistachio" title="Pistachio">Pistachio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayenne_pepper" title="Cayenne pepper">Red pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thyme" title="Thyme">Thyme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walnut" title="Walnut">Walnut</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unique instruments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cezve" title="Cezve">Raʾwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazan_(cookware)" title="Kazan (cookware)">Kazan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangal_(barbecue)" title="Mangal (barbecue)">Manqal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related cuisines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_cuisine" title="Arab cuisine">Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levantine_cuisine" title="Levantine cuisine">Levantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_cuisine" title="Mediterranean cuisine">Mediterranean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_cuisine" title="Middle Eastern cuisine">Middle Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_cuisine" title="Armenian cuisine">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_cuisine" title="Cypriot cuisine">Cypriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_cuisine" title="Ottoman cuisine">Ottoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_cuisine" title="Syrian cuisine">Syrian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Egyptian_cuisine119" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Egyptian_cuisine" title="Template:Egyptian cuisine"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Egyptian_cuisine" title="Template talk:Egyptian cuisine"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Egyptian_cuisine" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Egyptian cuisine"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Egyptian_cuisine119" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_cuisine" title="Egyptian cuisine">Egyptian cuisine</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Beverages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-alcoholic beverages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Qamar_al-Din" title="Qamar al-Din">Amar eddin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sugarcane_juice" title="Sugarcane juice">Aseer asab</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Black_tea" title="Black tea">Black tea</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_cuisine#Tea" title="Egyptian cuisine">Kushari</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_cuisine#Tea" title="Egyptian cuisine">Sa‘idi</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Erq_sous" title="Erq sous">Erq sous</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Karkadeh" title="Karkadeh">Karkadeh</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kharob" title="Kharob">Kharob</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Laban_rayeb" title="Laban rayeb">Laban rayeb</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Salep" title="Salep">Sahlab</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sharbat_(beverage)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharbat (beverage)">Sharbat</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sobia_(drink)" title="Sobia (drink)">Sobia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tamr_hindi" title="Tamr hindi">Tamr hindi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Turkish_coffee" title="Turkish coffee">Turkish coffee</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Alcoholic beverages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Egypt" title="Beer in Egypt">Beer in Egypt</a></b> (main article)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouza_(beer)" title="Bouza (beer)">Bouza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stella_(beer)" title="Stella (beer)">Stella</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><b><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_wine" title="Egyptian wine">Egyptian wine</a></b> (main article)</dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/32px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/48px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/64px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Egypt" title="Portal:Egypt">Egypt portal</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Breads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bataw_(bread)" title="Bataw (bread)">Bataw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eish_baladi" title="Eish baladi">Eish baladi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eish_fino" title="Eish fino">Eish fino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eish_merahrah" title="Eish merahrah">Eish merahrah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eish_shamsi" title="Eish shamsi">Eish shamsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feteer_meshaltet" title="Feteer meshaltet">Feteer meshaltet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Starters<br /> and salads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baba_ghanoush" title="Baba ghanoush">Baba ghanoug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuffed_eggplant#In_Egypt" title="Stuffed eggplant">Bedengan mekhalel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duqqa" title="Duqqa">Duqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hummus" title="Hummus">Hummus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salata_baladi" title="Salata baladi">Salata baladi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahini#Egypt" title="Tahini">Tehina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torshi" title="Torshi">Torshi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cheeses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_cheese" title="Egyptian cheese">Egyptian cheese</a></b> (main article)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Areesh_cheese" title="Areesh cheese">Areesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_cheese#Cheese_varieties" title="Egyptian cheese">Baramili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domiati_cheese" class="mw-redirect" title="Domiati cheese">Domiati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_cheese#Cheese_varieties" title="Egyptian cheese">Istanboli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mish" title="Mish">Mish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumi_cheese" title="Rumi cheese">Rumi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Soups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ful_nabet" title="Ful nabet">Ful nabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaware%E2%80%98" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaware‘">Kaware‘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lentil_soup" title="Lentil soup">Shorbet ‘‍‍ads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetable_soup" title="Vegetable soup">Shorbet khodar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dishes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bamia#Egypt" title="Bamia">Bamia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Besarah" class="mw-redirect" title="Besarah">Besarah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eggah" title="Eggah">Eggah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatteh" title="Fatteh">Fatta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fesikh" title="Fesikh">Fesikh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatayer" title="Fatayer">Fatayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feteer" title="Feteer">Feteer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ful_medames" title="Ful medames">Ful medames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gollash" title="Gollash">Gollash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamam_mahshi" title="Hamam mahshi">Hamam mahshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawawshi" title="Hawawshi">Hawawshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kebab#Egypt" title="Kebab">Kabab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamounia" title="Kamounia">Kamounia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kersha" title="Kersha">Kersha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashk#Egypt" title="Kashk">Keshk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koftet_el_hati" title="Koftet el hati">Koftet el hati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koftet_rozz" title="Koftet rozz">Koftet rozz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushari" class="mw-redirect" title="Kushari">Kushari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macarona_bil-bechamel" title="Macarona bil-bechamel">Macarona bil-bechamel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazalika" title="Mazalika">Mazalika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolma" title="Dolma">Mahshi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stuffed_eggplant#In_Egypt" title="Stuffed eggplant">Mahshi bedengan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuffed_peppers#Egypt" title="Stuffed peppers">Mahshi felfel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuffed_squash#Egypt" title="Stuffed squash">Mahshi kosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabbage_roll#Egypt" title="Cabbage roll">Mahshi kromb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarma_(food)#Egypt" title="Sarma (food)">Mahshi waraq enab</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesaqa%E2%80%98ah" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesaqa‘ah">Mesaqa‘ah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulukhiyah" title="Mulukhiyah">Molokhiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mombar" title="Mombar">Mombar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rozz_me%E2%80%98ammar" class="mw-redirect" title="Rozz me‘ammar">Rozz me‘ammar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabanekh" title="Sabanekh">Sabanekh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayadiya" title="Sayadiya">Sayadiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakshouka" title="Shakshouka">Shakshouka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shawarma" title="Shawarma">Shawarma</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ta‘meya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torly" title="Torly">Torly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qolqas" title="Qolqas">Qolqas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Desserts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qatayef" title="Qatayef">Atayef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baklava" title="Baklava">Baqlawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basbousa" title="Basbousa">Basbousa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Couscous#Egypt" title="Couscous">Couscous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aish_as-Saraya" title="Aish as-Saraya">Eish essaraya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fakhfakhina" title="Fakhfakhina">Fakhfakhina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghoriba" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghoriba">Ghorayiba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halva" title="Halva">Halawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kahk" title="Kahk">Kahk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanafeh" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanafeh">Kunafa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lokma" title="Lokma">Luqmet el qadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhallebi" title="Muhallebi">Mehalabiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drag%C3%A9e" title="Dragée">Melabbes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_delight" title="Turkish delight">Malban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Om_Ali" title="Om Ali">Om Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatayef" title="Qatayef">Qatayef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_pudding" title="Rice pudding">Rozz belaban</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Common ingredients</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vegetables</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Artichoke" title="Artichoke">Artichoke</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bean" title="Bean">Bean</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bell_pepper" title="Bell pepper">Bell pepper</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chili_pepper" title="Chili pepper">Chili</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Eggplant" title="Eggplant">Eggplant</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Garlic" title="Garlic">Garlic</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Onion" title="Onion">Onion</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lentil" title="Lentil">Lentil</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Spinach" title="Spinach">Spinach</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tomato" title="Tomato">Tomato</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Herbs & spices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Allspice" title="Allspice">Allspice</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cumin" title="Cumin">Cumin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Coriander" title="Coriander">Coriander</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cardamom" title="Cardamom">Cardamom</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chili_pepper" title="Chili pepper">Chili</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Anise" title="Anise">Aniseed</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bay_leaf" title="Bay leaf">Bay leaves</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dill" title="Dill">Dill</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Parsley" title="Parsley">Parsley</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ginger" title="Ginger">Ginger</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cinnamon" title="Cinnamon">Cinnamon</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lamiaceae" title="Lamiaceae">Mint</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Clove" title="Clove">Cloves</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related cuisines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_cuisine" title="Arab cuisine">Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_cuisine" title="Ancient Egyptian cuisine">Ancient Egyptian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maghreb_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Maghreb cuisine">North African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_cuisine" title="Mediterranean cuisine">Mediterranean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_cuisine" title="Middle Eastern cuisine">Middle Eastern</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Israeli_cuisine274" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cuisine_of_Israel" title="Template:Cuisine of Israel"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cuisine_of_Israel" title="Template talk:Cuisine of Israel"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cuisine_of_Israel" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cuisine of Israel"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Israeli_cuisine274" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Israeli_cuisine" title="Israeli cuisine">Israeli cuisine</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_Israeli_dishes" title="List of Israeli dishes">List of dishes</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Israelite_cuisine" title="Ancient Israelite cuisine">Ancient Israelite cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_cuisine" title="Jewish cuisine">Jewish cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi_Jewish_cuisine" title="Ashkenazi Jewish cuisine">Ashkenazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukharan_Jewish_cuisine" title="Bukharan Jewish cuisine">Bukharan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Jewish_cuisine" title="Ethiopian Jewish cuisine">Ethiopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sephardi_Jewish_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Sephardi Jewish cuisine">Sephardi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizrahi_Jewish_cuisine" title="Mizrahi Jewish cuisine">Mizrahi</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Breads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Babka" title="Babka">Babka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Challah" title="Challah">Challah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jachnun" title="Jachnun">Jachnun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krantz_cake" title="Krantz cake">Krantz cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubaneh" title="Kubaneh">Kubaneh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahoh" title="Lahoh">Lahoh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laffa" title="Laffa">Laffa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawach" title="Malawach">Malawach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rye_bread" title="Rye bread">Rye bread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagel" title="Bagel">Bagel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pain_petri" title="Pain petri">Pain petri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pita" title="Pita">Pita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumpernickel_bread" class="mw-redirect" title="Pumpernickel bread">Pumpernickel bread</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Salads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_salad" title="Israeli salad">Israeli salad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_carrot_salad" class="mw-redirect" title="Moroccan carrot salad">Moroccan carrots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coleslaw" title="Coleslaw">Red cabbage salad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87oban_salatas%C4%B1" title="Çoban salatası">Turkish salad</a></li> <li>Watermelon and feta salad</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dips and condiments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kubbeh" class="mw-redirect" title="Kubbeh">Fried Kubbeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amba_(condiment)" title="Amba (condiment)">Amba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baba_ghanoush" title="Baba ghanoush">Baba ghanoush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourekas" title="Bourekas">Bourekas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolma" title="Dolma">Dolma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fried_cauliflower" title="Fried cauliflower">Fried cauliflower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ful_medames" title="Ful medames">Ful medames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahawiq" title="Sahawiq">Harif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harissa" title="Harissa">Harissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hummus" title="Hummus">Hummus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikra" class="mw-redirect" title="Ikra">Ikra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kibbeh_nayyeh" title="Kibbeh nayyeh">Kibbeh nayyeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matbukha" class="mw-redirect" title="Matbukha">Matboucha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammara" title="Muhammara">Muhammara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatbila" title="Tatbila">Tatbila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogurt" title="Yogurt">Yogurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhoug" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhoug">Zhoug</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sandwiches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Falafel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabich" title="Sabich">Sabich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shawarma" title="Shawarma">Shawarma</a> sandwich</li> <li>Tehina and silan sandwich</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boureka" class="mw-redirect" title="Boureka">Boureka</a> sandwich</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fish</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tuna_salad" title="Tuna salad">Tuna salad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuna_salad_sandwich" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuna salad sandwich">Tuna salad sandwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilapia" title="Tilapia">Tilapia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chraime" title="Chraime">Chraime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anchovies_as_food" title="Anchovies as food">Gavroi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardines_as_food" title="Sardines as food">Sardines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunafish" class="mw-redirect" title="Tunafish">Tunafish</a></li> <li>Barbuniya</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Soups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avgolemono" title="Avgolemono">Avgolemono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicken_soup" title="Chicken soup">Chicken soup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cholent" title="Cholent">Cholent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamin" class="mw-redirect" title="Chamin">Chamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubbe" class="mw-redirect" title="Kubbe">Kubbe</a></li> <li>Yemenite chicken soup</li> <li>Yemenite beef soup</li> <li>Yemenite bean soup</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasolada" title="Fasolada">Maraq Shu'it lebana</a></li> <li>Maraq Shu'it yerooqa</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Meat</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shawarma" title="Shawarma">Shawarma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schnitzel#Israel" title="Schnitzel">Chicken or Turkey schnitzel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kofta" title="Kofta">Kofta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shish_kebab" title="Shish kebab">Shish kebab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shish_taouk" title="Shish taouk">Shish taouk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_mixed_grill" title="Jerusalem mixed grill">Jerusalem mixed grill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sofrito_(stew)" title="Sofrito (stew)">Sofrito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuffed_peppers" title="Stuffed peppers">Stuffed peppers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fried foods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atayef" class="mw-redirect" title="Atayef">Atayef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheese_latke" title="Cheese latke">Cheese latke</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cigarim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cigarim (page does not exist)">Cigarim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_schnitzel" title="Corn schnitzel">Corn schnitzel</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Falafel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fried_chicken" title="Fried chicken">Fried chicken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fried_eggplant" title="Fried eggplant">Fried eggplant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_schnitzel" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli schnitzel">Israeli schnitzel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keftes_de_prasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Keftes de prasa">Keftes de prasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kibbeh" title="Kibbeh">Kibbeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latkes" class="mw-redirect" title="Latkes">Latkes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zalabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Zalabia">Zalabia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pasta</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hilopites" title="Hilopites">Hilopites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lokshen" title="Lokshen">Itriyot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kugel" title="Kugel">Kugel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lokshen_kugel" class="mw-redirect" title="Lokshen kugel">Lokshen kugel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerushalmi_Kugel" title="Yerushalmi Kugel">Yerushalmi Kugel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptitim" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptitim">Ptitim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Grains and side dishes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulgur" title="Bulgur">Bulgur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Couscous" title="Couscous">Couscous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farro" title="Farro">Farro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freekeh" title="Freekeh">Freekeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latke" title="Latke">Levivah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orez_Shu%27it" title="Orez Shu'it">Orez Shu'it</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice" title="Rice">Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_pilaf" class="mw-redirect" title="Rice pilaf">Rice pilaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scorched_rice" title="Scorched rice">Scorched rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mujadara" class="mw-redirect" title="Mujadara">Mujadara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Desserts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Halva" title="Halva">Halva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baklava" title="Baklava">Baklava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basbousa" title="Basbousa">Basbousa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadji_bada" title="Hadji bada">Hadji bada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halva_ice_cream" class="mw-redirect" title="Halva ice cream">Halva ice cream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duvshaniot" title="Duvshaniot">Duvshaniot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufganiyot" class="mw-redirect" title="Sufganiyot">Sufganiyot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugelach" title="Rugelach">Rugelach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamantashen" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamantashen">Hamantashen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malabi" class="mw-redirect" title="Malabi">Malabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27amoul" title="Ma'amoul">Ma'amoul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marunchinos" title="Marunchinos">Marunchinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahini_cookie" title="Tahini cookie">Tahini cookie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Alcohol</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_beer" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli beer">Israeli beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_wine" title="Israeli wine">Israeli wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosher_wine" title="Kosher wine">Kosher wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arak_(drink)" title="Arak (drink)">Arak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tubi_60" title="Tubi 60">Tubi 60</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other drinks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mint_lemonade" title="Mint lemonade">Mint lemonade</a></li> <li>Rimonana</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahlab" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahlab">Sahlab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_coffee" title="Turkish coffee">Kafe shahor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayran" title="Ayran">Ayran</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fruits and vegetables</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple" title="Apple">Apple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artichoke" title="Artichoke">Artichoke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beet" class="mw-redirect" title="Beet">Beet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherry_tomato" title="Cherry tomato">Cherry tomato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabbage" title="Cabbage">Cabbage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cucumber" title="Cucumber">Cucumber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eggplant" title="Eggplant">Eggplant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garlic" title="Garlic">Garlic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horseradish" title="Horseradish">Horseradish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mango" title="Mango">Mango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onion" title="Onion">Onion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomegranate" title="Pomegranate">Pomegranate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potato" title="Potato">Potato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radish" title="Radish">Radish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_cabbage" title="Red cabbage">Red cabbage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_onion" title="Red onion">Red onion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opuntia_ficus-indica" title="Opuntia ficus-indica">Sabra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinach" title="Spinach">Spinach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squash_blossom" title="Squash blossom">Squash blossom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomato" title="Tomato">Tomato</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other ingredients</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_pepper" title="Aleppo pepper">Aleppo pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parsley" title="Parsley">Parsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dill" title="Dill">Dill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honey" title="Honey">Honey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahini" title="Tahini">Tahini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silan" class="mw-redirect" title="Silan">Silan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Date_(fruit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Date (fruit)">Dates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garbanzo_beans" class="mw-redirect" title="Garbanzo beans">Garbanzo beans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowpea" title="Cowpea">Cowpea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_bean" class="mw-redirect" title="Common bean">Common bean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Za%27atar" title="Za'atar">Za'atar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumac_(spice)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sumac (spice)">Sumac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaij" title="Hawaij">Hawaij</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olive_oil" title="Olive oil">Olive oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olive" title="Olive">Olives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregano" title="Oregano">Oregano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baharat" title="Baharat">Baharat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raisin" title="Raisin">Raisin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sachlav" class="mw-redirect" title="Sachlav">Sachlav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semolina" title="Semolina">Semolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thyme" title="Thyme">Thyme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cilantro" class="mw-redirect" title="Cilantro">Cilantro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sesame_seeds" class="mw-redirect" title="Sesame seeds">Sesame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poppy_seed" title="Poppy seed">Poppy seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saffron" title="Saffron">Saffron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardamom" title="Cardamom">Cardamom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cheeses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sirene" title="Sirene">Bulgarit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cottage_cheese" title="Cottage cheese">Cottage cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cream_cheese" title="Cream cheese">Cream cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzfatit" title="Tzfatit">Tzfatit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gvina_levana" title="Gvina levana">Gvina levana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_feta" title="Israeli feta">Feta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halloumi" title="Halloumi">Halloumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labneh" class="mw-redirect" title="Labneh">Labneh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Israeli restaurants domestically and abroad</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_restaurants_in_Israel" title="List of restaurants in Israel">List of restaurants in Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Jerusalem" title="Cuisine of Jerusalem">Cuisine of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bavel_(restaurant)" title="Bavel (restaurant)">Bavel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta%C3%AFm" title="Taïm">Taïm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zahav" title="Zahav">Zahav</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Legume_dishes163" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Legume_dishes" title="Template:Legume dishes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Legume_dishes" title="Template talk:Legume dishes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Legume_dishes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Legume dishes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Legume_dishes163" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_legume_dishes" title="List of legume dishes">Legume dishes</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/15_Bean_Soup" title="15 Bean Soup">15 Bean Soup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acaraj%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Acarajé">Acarajé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amanatt%C5%8D" title="Amanattō">Amanattō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arroz_con_gandules" title="Arroz con gandules">Arroz con gandules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baked_beans" title="Baked beans">Baked beans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandeja_paisa" title="Bandeja paisa">Bandeja paisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bap_(rice_dish)" title="Bap (rice dish)">Bap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bean_dip" title="Bean dip">Bean dip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bean_pie" title="Bean pie">Bean pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bean_salad" title="Bean salad">Bean salad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bigilla" title="Bigilla">Bigilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_peas" title="Black peas">Black peas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_chorba" title="Bob chorba">Bob chorba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boiled_peanuts" title="Boiled peanuts">Boiled peanuts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borracho_beans" title="Borracho beans">Borracho beans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouneschlupp" title="Bouneschlupp">Bouneschlupp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_tofu" title="Burmese tofu">Burmese tofu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caparrones" title="Caparrones">Caparrones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capra_e_fagioli" title="Capra e fagioli">Capra e fagioli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassoulet" title="Cassoulet">Cassoulet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chana_masala" title="Chana masala">Chana masala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapea" title="Chapea">Chapea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocido_lebaniego" title="Cocido lebaniego">Cocido lebaniego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocido_madrile%C3%B1o" title="Cocido madrileño">Cocido madrileño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocido_monta%C3%B1%C3%A9s" title="Cocido montañés">Cocido montañés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowboy_beans" title="Cowboy beans">Cowboy beans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dal" title="Dal">Dal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dal_bati_churma" title="Dal bati churma">Dal bati churma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dal_bhat" title="Dal bhat">Dal bhat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalcha" title="Dalcha">Dalcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep-fried_peanuts" title="Deep-fried peanuts">Deep-fried peanuts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhokla" title="Dhokla">Dhokla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dilly_beans" title="Dilly beans">Dilly beans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doubles_(food)" title="Doubles (food)">Doubles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douzhi" title="Douzhi">Douzhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabada_asturiana" title="Fabada asturiana">Fabada asturiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabes_con_almejas" title="Fabes con almejas">Fabes con almejas</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Falafel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasolada" title="Fasolada">Fasolada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasole_cu_c%C3%A2rna%C8%9Bi" title="Fasole cu cârnați">Fasole cu cârnați</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feijoada" title="Feijoada">Feijoada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frijoles_negros" title="Frijoles negros">Frijoles negros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frijoles_charros" title="Frijoles charros">Frijoles charros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ful_medames" title="Ful medames">Ful medames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallo_pinto" title="Gallo pinto">Gallo pinto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garnaches" class="mw-redirect" title="Garnaches">Garnaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gigandes_plaki" class="mw-redirect" title="Gigandes plaki">Gigandes plaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_bean_casserole" title="Green bean casserole">Green bean casserole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guernsey_Bean_Jar" class="mw-redirect" title="Guernsey Bean Jar">Guernsey Bean Jar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_dou_tang" title="Hong dou tang">Hong dou tang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoppin%27_John" title="Hoppin' John">Hoppin' John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hummus" title="Hummus">Hummus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idli" title="Idli">Idli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jidou_liangfen" class="mw-redirect" title="Jidou liangfen">Jidou liangfen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kongbap" title="Kongbap">Kongbap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuli-kuli" title="Kuli-kuli">Kuli-kuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lablabi" title="Lablabi">Lablabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liangfen" title="Liangfen">Liangfen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linsen_mit_Sp%C3%A4tzle" title="Linsen mit Spätzle">Linsen mit Spätzle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marrowfat_peas" title="Marrowfat peas">Marrowfat peas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matev%C5%BE" title="Matevž">Matevž</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobio" title="Lobio">Lobio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molagoottal" title="Molagoottal">Molagoottal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moros_y_Cristianos_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Moros y Cristianos (food)">Moros y Cristianos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Msabbaha" title="Msabbaha">Msabbaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mujaddara" title="Mujaddara">Mujaddara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murukku" title="Murukku">Murukku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mushy_peas" title="Mushy peas">Mushy peas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nokdumuk" class="mw-redirect" title="Nokdumuk">Nokdumuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pabell%C3%B3n_criollo" title="Pabellón criollo">Pabellón criollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paella" title="Paella">Paella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panelle" class="mw-redirect" title="Panelle">Panelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paripu" class="mw-redirect" title="Paripu">Paripu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasta_e_fagioli" title="Pasta e fagioli">Pasta e fagioli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastizz" title="Pastizz">Pastizz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasulj" title="Pasulj">Pasulj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patbap" class="mw-redirect" title="Patbap">Patbap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patjuk" title="Patjuk">Patjuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pea_soup" title="Pea soup">Pea soup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peabutter" title="Peabutter">Peabutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pease_pudding" title="Pease pudding">Pease pudding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pie_and_peas" title="Pie and peas">Pie and peas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pie_floater" title="Pie floater">Pie floater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pokhemma" title="Pokhemma">Pokhemma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pork_and_beans" title="Pork and beans">Pork and beans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porotos_con_rienda" class="mw-redirect" title="Porotos con rienda">Porotos con rienda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purtumute" title="Purtumute">Purtumute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajma" title="Rajma">Rajma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_bean_cake" title="Red bean cake">Red bean cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_bean_paste" title="Red bean paste">Red bean paste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_beans_and_rice" title="Red beans and rice">Red beans and rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refried_beans" title="Refried beans">Refried beans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revalenta_arabica" title="Revalenta arabica">Revalenta arabica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_and_beans" title="Rice and beans">Rice and beans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_and_peas" title="Rice and peas">Rice and peas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahan_ful" title="Shahan ful">Shahan ful</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiro_(food)" title="Shiro (food)">Shiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiruko" title="Shiruko">Shiruko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soup_beans" title="Soup beans">Soup beans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stew_peas" title="Stew peas">Stew peas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succotash" title="Succotash">Succotash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_caviar" title="Texas caviar">Texas caviar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tav%C4%8De_grav%C4%8De" title="Tavče gravče">Tavče gravče</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umngqusho" title="Umngqusho">Umngqusho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yun_dou_juan" title="Yun dou juan">Yun dou juan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bean_soups" title="List of bean soups">List of bean soups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tofu_dishes" title="List of tofu dishes">List of tofu dishes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Legume_dishes" title="Category:Legume dishes">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Street_food325" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Street_food" title="Template:Street food"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Street_food" title="Template talk:Street food"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Street_food" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Street food"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Street_food325" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Street_food" title="Street food">Street food</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acaraj%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Acarajé">Acarajé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aloo_chaat" class="mw-redirect" title="Aloo chaat">Aloo chaat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aloo_tikki" title="Aloo tikki">Aloo tikki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anticucho" title="Anticucho">Anticucho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apam_balik" title="Apam balik">Apam balik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arancini" title="Arancini">Arancini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arepa" title="Arepa">Arepa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asinan" title="Asinan">Asinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagel" title="Bagel">Bagel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakpau" class="mw-redirect" title="Bakpau">Bakpau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakso" title="Bakso">Bakso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bal%C4%B1k_ekmek" title="Balık ekmek">Balık ekmek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banana_cue" title="Banana cue">Banana cue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1nh_h%E1%BB%8Fi" title="Bánh hỏi">Bánh hỏi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1nh_m%C3%AC" title="Bánh mì">Bánh mì</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1nh_x%C3%A8o" title="Bánh xèo">Bánh xèo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batagor" title="Batagor">Batagor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pares_(food)" title="Pares (food)">Beef Pares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beguni" title="Beguni">Beguni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_waffle" title="Belgian waffle">Belgian waffle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beondegi" title="Beondegi">Beondegi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhel_puri" title="Bhel puri">Bhel puri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binaki" title="Binaki">Binaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binatog" title="Binatog">Binatog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biryani" title="Biryani">Biryani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%B6rek#Greek_bouréki,_bourekáki,_bougatsa,_and_pita" title="Börek">Bourekas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bratwurst" title="Bratwurst">Bratwurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brochette" class="mw-redirect" title="Brochette">Brochette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bublik" title="Bublik">Bublik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bubur_ayam" title="Bubur ayam">Bubur ayam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bun_cha" title="Bun cha">Bun cha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bungeo-ppang" title="Bungeo-ppang">Bungeo-ppang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunny_chow" title="Bunny chow">Bunny chow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burrito" title="Burrito">Burrito</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breakfast_burrito" title="Breakfast burrito">Breakfast burrito</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calzone" title="Calzone">Calzone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squid_as_food#Philippines" title="Squid as food">Calamares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camote_cue" title="Camote cue">Camote cue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cart_noodle" title="Cart noodle">Cart noodle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaat" title="Chaat">Chaat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chebureki" title="Chebureki">Chebureki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiko_Roll" title="Chiko Roll">Chiko Roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chimichanga" title="Chimichanga">Chimichanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_bhel" title="Chinese bhel">Chinese bhel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cockle_(bivalve)" title="Cockle (bivalve)">Cockle (bivalve)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C5%8Dng_y%C3%B3u_b%C7%90ng" class="mw-redirect" title="Cōng yóu bǐng">Cōng yóu bǐng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covrigi" title="Covrigi">Covrigi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coxinha" title="Coxinha">Coxinha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%AApe" title="Crêpe">Crêpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crescia" title="Crescia">Crescia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Currywurst" title="Currywurst">Currywurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dahi_puri" title="Dahi puri">Dahi puri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dak-kkochi" title="Dak-kkochi">Dak-kkochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dim_sum" title="Dim sum">Dim sum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donkey_burger" title="Donkey burger">Donkey burger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dosa_(food)" title="Dosa (food)">Dosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doubles_(food)" title="Doubles (food)">Doubles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douhua" title="Douhua">Douhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empanada" title="Empanada">Empanada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enchilada" title="Enchilada">Enchilada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esquites" title="Esquites">Esquites</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Falafel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farinata" title="Farinata">Farinata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_ball" title="Fish ball">Fish ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focaccia" title="Focaccia">Focaccia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_fries" title="French fries">French fries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_tacos" title="French tacos">French tacos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fried_chicken" title="Fried chicken">Fried chicken</a> (<a href="/wiki/Korean_fried_chicken" title="Korean fried chicken">Korean</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_fried_chicken" title="Taiwanese fried chicken">Taiwanese</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frybread" title="Frybread">Navajo frybread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galette-saucisse" title="Galette-saucisse">Galette-saucisse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginanggang" title="Ginanggang">Ginanggang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorengan" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorengan">Gorengan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghugni" title="Ghugni">Ghugni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gukhwappang" class="mw-redirect" title="Gukhwappang">Gukhwappang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyeranppang" class="mw-redirect" title="Gyeranppang">Gyeranppang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyro_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gyro (food)">Gyro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haleem" title="Haleem">Haleem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_dog" title="Hot dog">Hot dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inihaw" title="Inihaw">Inihaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaw" title="Isaw">Isaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idli" title="Idli">Idli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jambon" title="Jambon">Jambon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jhalmuri" title="Jhalmuri">Jhalmuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaozi" title="Jiaozi">Jiaozi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaassouffl%C3%A9" title="Kaassoufflé">Kaassoufflé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kachori" title="Kachori">Kachori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapsalon" title="Kapsalon">Kapsalon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kati_roll" title="Kati roll">Kati roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karantika" title="Karantika">Karantika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kebab" title="Kebab">Kebab</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chapli_kebab" title="Chapli kebab">Chapli kebab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doner_kebab" title="Doner kebab">Doner kebab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyinkyinga" title="Kyinkyinga">Kyinkyinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shami_kebab" title="Shami kebab">Shami kebab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kebabs" title="List of kebabs">List of kebabs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerak_telor" title="Kerak telor">Kerak telor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketoprak_(dish)" title="Ketoprak (dish)">Ketoprak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khachapuri" title="Khachapuri">Khachapuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanom_Tokyo" title="Khanom Tokyo">Khanom Tokyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngo_hiang" title="Ngo hiang">Kikiam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knish" title="Knish">Knish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokneneng" title="Tokneneng">Kwek Kwek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laksa" title="Laksa">Laksa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A1ngos" title="Lángos">Lángos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luchi" title="Luchi">Luchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malatang" title="Malatang">Malatang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mami_soup" title="Mami soup">Mami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maruya_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maruya (food)">Maruya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masala_puri" title="Masala puri">Masala puri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_pie" title="Meat pie">Meat pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mie_ayam" title="Mie ayam">Mie ayam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murtabak" title="Murtabak">Murtabak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naan" title="Naan">Naan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nem_chua_r%C3%A1n" title="Nem chua rán">Nem chua rán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obwarzanek_krakowski" title="Obwarzanek krakowski">Obwarzanek krakowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pad_thai" title="Pad thai">Pad thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pajeon" title="Pajeon">Pajeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakora" title="Pakora">Pakora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paneer_tikka" title="Paneer tikka">Paneer tikka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pani_c%C3%A2_meusa" title="Pani câ meusa">Pani câ meusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panini_(sandwich)" title="Panini (sandwich)">Panini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panipuri" title="Panipuri">Panipuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panzerotti" title="Panzerotti">Panzerotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papri_chaat" class="mw-redirect" title="Papri chaat">Papri chaat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paratha" title="Paratha">Paratha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasty" title="Pasty">Pasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pav_bhaji" title="Pav bhaji">Pav bhaji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pempek" title="Pempek">Pempek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepito_(sandwich)" title="Pepito (sandwich)">Pepito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peremech" title="Peremech">Peremech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pho" title="Pho">Pho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piadina" class="mw-redirect" title="Piadina">Piadina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picarones" title="Picarones">Picarones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilaf" title="Pilaf">Pilaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinasugbo" title="Pinasugbo">Pinasugbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirozhki" title="Pirozhki">Pirozhki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizza_al_taglio" title="Pizza al taglio">Pizza al taglio</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pizza_by_the_slice" title="Pizza by the slice">Pizza by the slice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizzetta" title="Pizzetta">Pizzetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pl%C4%83cint%C4%83" title="Plăcintă">Plăcintă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pljeskavica" title="Pljeskavica">Pljeskavica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flattened_rice" title="Flattened rice">Poha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poutine" title="Poutine">Poutine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pretzel" title="Pretzel">Pretzel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punugulu" class="mw-redirect" title="Punugulu">Punugulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puri_(food)" title="Puri (food)">Puri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quail_eggs" title="Quail eggs">Quail eggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quesadilla" title="Quesadilla">Quesadilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rat-on-a-stick" title="Rat-on-a-stick">Rat-on-a-stick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ra%C5%BEnji%C4%87i" title="Ražnjići">Ražnjići</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogan_josh" title="Rogan josh">Rogan josh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rojak" title="Rojak">Rojak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roti" title="Roti">Roti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roti_bakar" title="Roti bakar">Roti bakar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roti_john" title="Roti john">Roti john</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roujiamo" title="Roujiamo">Roujiamo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumali_roti" class="mw-redirect" title="Rumali roti">Rumali roti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rustico_(pastry)" title="Rustico (pastry)">Rustico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabich" title="Sabich">Sabich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samosa" title="Samosa">Samosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandwich" title="Sandwich">Sandwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardenara" class="mw-redirect" title="Sardenara">Sardenara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satay" title="Satay">Satay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sausage_roll" title="Sausage roll">Sausage roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scaccia" title="Scaccia">Scaccia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seblak" title="Seblak">Seblak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sevpuri" class="mw-redirect" title="Sevpuri">Sevpuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sfenj" title="Sfenj">Sfenj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shao_Kao" class="mw-redirect" title="Shao Kao">Shao Kao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shashlik" title="Shashlik">Shashlik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shawarma" title="Shawarma">Shawarma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_pizza" title="Sicilian pizza">Sicilian pizza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siomay" title="Siomay">Siomay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soto_(food)" title="Soto (food)">Soto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Souvlaki" title="Souvlaki">Souvlaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stigghiola" title="Stigghiola">Stigghiola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stromboli_(food)" title="Stromboli (food)">Stromboli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taco" title="Taco">Taco</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_taco" title="Korean taco">Korean taco</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahri_(dish)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tahri (dish)">Tahri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahu_gejrot" title="Tahu gejrot">Tahu gejrot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahu_sumedang" title="Tahu sumedang">Tahu sumedang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takoyaki" title="Takoyaki">Takoyaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamale" title="Tamale">Tamale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tandoori_chicken" title="Tandoori chicken">Tandoori chicken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangbao" title="Tangbao">Tangbao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taquito" title="Taquito">Taquito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tauge_goreng" title="Tauge goreng">Tauge goreng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_potato" title="Tornado potato">Tornado potato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turon_(food)" title="Turon (food)">Turon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U%27_pastizz_%27rtunnar" title="U' pastizz 'rtunnar">U' pastizz 'rtunnar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vada_(food)" title="Vada (food)">Vada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vada_pav" title="Vada pav">Vada pav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vastedda" title="Vastedda">Vastedda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_noodles" title="Vietnamese noodles">Vietnamese noodles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X%C3%B4i" title="Xôi">Xôi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakitori" title="Yakitori">Yakitori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapiekanka" title="Zapiekanka">Zapiekanka</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:La_Ranchera_Serving_Side.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A food truck"><img alt="A food truck" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/La_Ranchera_Serving_Side.jpg/120px-La_Ranchera_Serving_Side.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/La_Ranchera_Serving_Side.jpg/250px-La_Ranchera_Serving_Side.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Regional_street_food" title="Regional street food">By location</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_street_food" title="Hong Kong street food">Hong Kong</a></li> <li>India <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Street_food_of_Chennai" title="Street food of Chennai">Chennai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_food_of_Mumbai" title="Street food of Mumbai">Mumbai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_food_of_Indonesia" title="Street food of Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_street_food" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexican street food">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_cuisine#Street_food_and_other_snacks" title="Filipino cuisine">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_food_in_South_Korea" title="Street food in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_cuisine#Night_market_dishes" title="Taiwanese cuisine">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_food_of_Thailand" title="Street food of Thailand">Thailand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mobile_catering" title="Mobile catering">Mobile catering</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Field_kitchen" title="Field kitchen">Field kitchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_booth" title="Food booth">Food booth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_cart" title="Food cart">Food cart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_truck" title="Food truck">Food truck</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Food_truck_rally" title="Food truck rally">Food truck rally</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_dog_cart" title="Hot dog cart">Hot dog cart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_dog_stand" title="Hot dog stand">Hot dog stand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_cream_van" title="Ice cream van">Ice cream van</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%B8lsevogn" title="Pølsevogn">Sausage wagon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taco_stand" title="Taco stand">Taco stand</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yatai_(retail)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yatai (retail)">Yatai</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pojangmacha" title="Pojangmacha">Pojangmacha</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrstelstand" title="Würstelstand">Würstelstand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_street_foods" title="List of street foods">List of street foods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_food_trucks" title="List of food trucks">List of food trucks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Foodlogo2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/40px-Foodlogo2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/60px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/120px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="146" data-file-height="106" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Food" title="Portal:Food">Food portal</a> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Street_food" title="Category:Street food">Category: Street food</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Falafel&oldid=1282561044">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Falafel&oldid=1282561044</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chickpea_dishes" title="Category:Chickpea dishes">Chickpea dishes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Middle_Eastern_cuisine" title="Category:Middle Eastern cuisine">Middle Eastern cuisine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Arab_cuisine" title="Category:Arab cuisine">Arab cuisine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Egyptian_cuisine" title="Category:Egyptian cuisine">Egyptian cuisine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Israeli_cuisine" title="Category:Israeli cuisine">Israeli cuisine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Palestinian_cuisine" title="Category:Palestinian cuisine">Palestinian cuisine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lebanese_cuisine" title="Category:Lebanese cuisine">Lebanese cuisine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Syrian_cuisine" title="Category:Syrian cuisine">Syrian cuisine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Jordanian_cuisine" title="Category:Jordanian cuisine">Jordanian cuisine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Iraqi_cuisine" title="Category:Iraqi cuisine">Iraqi cuisine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Saudi_Arabian_cuisine" title="Category:Saudi Arabian cuisine">Saudi Arabian cuisine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bahraini_cuisine" title="Category:Bahraini cuisine">Bahraini cuisine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:National_dishes" title="Category:National dishes">National dishes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Vegan_cuisine" title="Category:Vegan cuisine">Vegan cuisine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Street_food" title="Category:Street food">Street food</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Vegetarian_sandwiches" title="Category:Vegetarian sandwiches">Vegetarian sandwiches</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fritters" title="Category:Fritters">Fritters</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lenten_foods" title="Category:Lenten foods">Lenten foods</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_Phonos_extension" title="Category:Pages using the Phonos extension">Pages using the Phonos extension</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_extended-confirmed-protected_pages" title="Category:Wikipedia extended-confirmed-protected pages">Wikipedia extended-confirmed-protected pages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_August_2021" title="Category:Use dmy dates from August 2021">Use dmy dates from August 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Good_articles" title="Category:Good articles">Good articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Arabic-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Arabic-language text">Articles containing Arabic-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Arabic_IPA" title="Category:Pages with Arabic IPA">Pages with Arabic IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_including_recorded_pronunciations" title="Category:Pages including recorded pronunciations">Pages including recorded pronunciations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Persian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Persian-language text">Articles containing Persian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Sanskrit-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Sanskrit-language text">Articles containing Sanskrit-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Egyptian_Arabic-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Egyptian Arabic-language text">Articles containing Egyptian Arabic-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 27 March 2025, at 04:51<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Falafel&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://www.wikimedia.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Falafel</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>70 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5df67bdc7b-n6ppg","wgBackendResponseTime":222,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.090","walltime":"1.310","ppvisitednodes":{"value":8093,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":294246,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":4795,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":12,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":270843,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1062.467 1 -total"," 29.88% 317.513 1 Template:Reflist"," 15.40% 163.636 8 Template:Infobox"," 10.23% 108.733 26 Template:Cite_book"," 10.14% 107.780 7 Template:Navbox"," 8.97% 95.340 1 Template:Infobox_food"," 8.52% 90.470 3 Template:Langx"," 8.18% 86.903 8 Template:Cite_news"," 7.27% 77.195 24 Template:Sfn"," 6.56% 69.693 1 Template:Cuisine_of_Lebanon"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.663","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":21192904,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAllison2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAriel2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAyto1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBasan2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBerkoff_R.D.,_Nancy1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBittman2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCurtis_IV,_Edward2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDavidson2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDavidsonJaine,_Tom2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDenker2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGalili2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGreen2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrogan,_Bryanna_Clark2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHabeeb2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHam2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHelman2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHirsch2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJoseph_Massad2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKantor,_Jodi2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKathrynne_Holden\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKelley2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLee2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLenhard,_Elizabeth2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeonard,_Joanne1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLiz_Steinberg\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFM._Conroy2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMacLeod2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMaloufMalouf2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarks2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMurphy2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNahmias2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPerry2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPetriniWatson,_Benjamin2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPilcher2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRaviv2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReem_Kassis2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoden2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRuss_Parsons\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchmidtFieldhouse2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSolomonov2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThorne,_MattThorne,_John2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVered2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWestmoreland,_Susan2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWhitney,_Winona1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilson1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWingetChalbi2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWolfe2007\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 2,\n [\"About\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 25,\n [\"Cite encyclopedia\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 4,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 8,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 15,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 1,\n [\"Cuisine of Egypt\"] = 1,\n [\"Cuisine of Israel\"] = 1,\n [\"Cuisine of Lebanon\"] = 1,\n [\"Good article\"] = 1,\n [\"IPA\"] = 2,\n [\"IPAc-en\"] = 1,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox food\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 5,\n [\"Langx\"] = 3,\n [\"Legume dishes\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 1,\n [\"Nutritional value\"] = 1,\n [\"Portal bar\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 24,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Street food\"] = 1,\n [\"Transliteration\"] = 11,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Wikibooks\"] = 1,\n [\"Wiktionary\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-684955989f-xtpgd","timestamp":"20250331174247","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Falafel","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Falafel","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q188788","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q188788","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-01-02T23:42:04Z","dateModified":"2025-03-27T04:51:55Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/5\/57\/Falafels_2.jpg","headline":"Middle Eastern fried bean dish"}</script> </body> </html>