CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="nb" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Gazastripens kamptunnelsystem – Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )nowikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t."," \t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","januar","februar","mars","april","mai","juni","juli","august","september","oktober","november","desember"],"wgRequestId":"fcdf376c-2ed0-4185-a45b-ce82df2fdb9f","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Gazastripens_kamptunnelsystem","wgTitle":"Gazastripens kamptunnelsystem","wgCurRevisionId":24141583,"wgRevisionId":24141583,"wgArticleId":2152318,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1-vedlikehold: Dato og år","Artikler med offisielle lenker fra Wikidata","Artikler uten autoritetsdatalenker fra Wikidata","Gazastripen","Hamas","Israel–Palestina-konflikten"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"nb","wgPageContentLanguage":"nb","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Gazastripens_kamptunnelsystem","wgRelevantArticleId":2152318,"wgTempUserName":null,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable" :true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"nb","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"nb"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q16132623","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false, "wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.InterProjectLinks":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.tmh.player.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.tmh.player","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.UkensKonkurranse","ext.gadget.link-missing-label", "ext.gadget.new-section","ext.gadget.superinterwiki","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","oojs-ui.styles.icons-media","oojs-ui-core.icons","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=nb&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.tmh.player.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=nb&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=nb&modules=ext.gadget.InterProjectLinks&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=nb&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/IDF_Soldiers_Uncover_Tunnels_in_Gaza_%2814513059999%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="801"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/IDF_Soldiers_Uncover_Tunnels_in_Gaza_%2814513059999%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="534"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/IDF_Soldiers_Uncover_Tunnels_in_Gaza_%2814513059999%29.jpg/640px-IDF_Soldiers_Uncover_Tunnels_in_Gaza_%2814513059999%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="427"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Gazastripens kamptunnelsystem – Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//no.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazastripens_kamptunnelsystem"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Rediger" href="/w/index.php?title=Gazastripens_kamptunnelsystem&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (nb)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//no.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazastripens_kamptunnelsystem"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.no"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom-mating" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Siste_endringer&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Gazastripens_kamptunnelsystem rootpage-Gazastripens_kamptunnelsystem skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Hopp til innhold</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Nettsted"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Hovedmeny" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Hovedmeny</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Hovedmeny</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigasjon </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Forside" title="Gå til hovedsiden [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Forside</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Tilfeldig" title="Vis en tilfeldig side [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Tilfeldig side</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Portal" title="Stedet for å få hjelp"><span>Hjelp</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Siste_endringer" title="Liste over siste endringer på wikien. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Siste endringer</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-prosjekt" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-prosjekt" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Prosjekt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Prosjektportal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Portal"><span>Prosjektportal</span></a></li><li id="n-bidra" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bidra_til_Wikipedia"><span>Hvordan bidra?</span></a></li><li id="n-tinget" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tinget"><span>Tinget</span></a></li><li id="n-torget" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Torget"><span>Torget</span></a></li><li id="n-konkurranser" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Konkurranser"><span>Konkurranser</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Wikipedia" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Wikipedia" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Wikipedia </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-kontakt" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kontakt"><span>Kontakt Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-wmno" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikimedia.no" rel="nofollow" title="Medlemsorganisasjon for wikipedianere"><span>Wikimedia Norge</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Forside" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-no.svg" width="121" height="14" style="width: 7.5625em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:S%C3%B8k" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Søk i Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Søk</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Søk i Wikipedia" aria-label="Søk i Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Søk i Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Spesial:Søk"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Søk</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personlig"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Endre skriftstørrelse, bredde og farge på siden." > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Utseende" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Utseende</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_no.wikipedia.org&uselang=nb" class=""><span>Doner</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Opprett_konto&returnto=Gazastripens+kamptunnelsystem" title="Du oppfordres til å opprette en konto og logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk" class=""><span>Opprett konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Logg_inn&returnto=Gazastripens+kamptunnelsystem" title="Du oppfordres til å logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Logg inn</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out user-links-collapsible-item" title="Flere alternativer" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personlig" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personlig</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Brukermeny" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_no.wikipedia.org&uselang=nb"><span>Doner</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Opprett_konto&returnto=Gazastripens+kamptunnelsystem" title="Du oppfordres til å opprette en konto og logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Opprett konto</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Logg_inn&returnto=Gazastripens+kamptunnelsystem" title="Du oppfordres til å logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logg inn</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Nettsted"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innhold" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innhold</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Til toppen)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Formål" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Formål"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Formål</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Formål-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Historie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tekniske_aspekter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tekniske_aspekter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Tekniske aspekter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tekniske_aspekter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referanser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referanser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Referanser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referanser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Litteratur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Litteratur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Litteratur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Litteratur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_lenker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_lenker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Eksterne lenker</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_lenker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Gazastripens kamptunnelsystem</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikkel på et annet språk. Tilgjengelig på 12 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-12" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">12 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%86%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B9_%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9" title="حرب الأنفاق الفلسطينية في قطاع غزة – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حرب الأنفاق الفلسطينية في قطاع غزة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_tunnel_warfare_in_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Palestinian tunnel warfare in the Gaza Strip – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Palestinian tunnel warfare in the Gaza Strip" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_subterr%C3%A1nea_en_la_Franja_de_Gaza" title="Guerra subterránea en la Franja de Gaza – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Guerra subterránea en la Franja de Gaza" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D9%84%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%BA%D8%B2%D9%87" title="تونل‌های نوار غزه – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تونل‌های نوار غزه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunnels_de_combat_dans_la_bande_de_Gaza" title="Tunnels de combat dans la bande de Gaza – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tunnels de combat dans la bande de Gaza" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallerie_militari_nella_striscia_di_Gaza" title="Gallerie militari nella striscia di Gaza – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Gallerie militari nella striscia di Gaza" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%AA_%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%94" title="מנהרות לחימה ברצועת עזה – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מנהרות לחימה ברצועת עזה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palesztin_alag%C3%BAth%C3%A1bor%C3%BA_a_G%C3%A1zai_%C3%B6vezetben" title="Palesztin alagútháború a Gázai övezetben – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Palesztin alagútháború a Gázai övezetben" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunnelstelsel_in_de_Gazastrook" title="Tunnelstelsel in de Gazastrook – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tunnelstelsel in de Gazastrook" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C_%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%A5%D0%90%D0%9C%D0%90%D0%A1_%D0%B2_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5" title="Сеть туннелей ХАМАС в Газе – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сеть туннелей ХАМАС в Газе" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cu%E1%BB%99c_chi%E1%BA%BFn_t%E1%BB%AB_%C4%91%E1%BB%8Ba_%C4%91%E1%BA%A1o_c%E1%BB%A7a_ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_Hamas_%E1%BB%9F_d%E1%BA%A3i_Gaza" title="Cuộc chiến từ địa đạo của người Hamas ở dải Gaza – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cuộc chiến từ địa đạo của người Hamas ở dải Gaza" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%B2%99%E9%9A%A7%E9%81%93" title="加沙隧道 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="加沙隧道" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q16132623#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Rediger lenker til artikkelen på andre språk" class="wbc-editpage">Rediger lenker</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Navnerom"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Gazastripens_kamptunnelsystem" title="Vis innholdssiden [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskusjon:Gazastripens_kamptunnelsystem&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Diskusjon om innholdssiden (ikke skrevet ennå) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskusjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Bytt språkvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">norsk bokmål</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visninger"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Gazastripens_kamptunnelsystem"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gazastripens_kamptunnelsystem&veaction=edit" title="Rediger siden [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Rediger</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gazastripens_kamptunnelsystem&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne siden [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kilde</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gazastripens_kamptunnelsystem&action=history" title="Tidligere sideversjoner av denne siden [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Vis historikk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verktøy" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Verktøy</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Verktøy</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Flere alternativer" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Handlinger </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Gazastripens_kamptunnelsystem"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gazastripens_kamptunnelsystem&veaction=edit" title="Rediger siden [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Rediger</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gazastripens_kamptunnelsystem&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne siden [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kilde</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gazastripens_kamptunnelsystem&action=history"><span>Vis historikk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generelt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Lenker_hit/Gazastripens_kamptunnelsystem" title="Liste over alle wikisider som lenker hit [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Lenker hit</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Relaterte_endringer/Gazastripens_kamptunnelsystem" rel="nofollow" title="Siste endringer i sider som blir lenket fra denne siden [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Relaterte endringer</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=no" title="Last opp filer [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Last opp fil</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Spesialsider" title="Liste over alle spesialsider [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Spesialsider</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gazastripens_kamptunnelsystem&oldid=24141583" title="Permanent lenke til denne versjonen av siden"><span>Permanent lenke</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gazastripens_kamptunnelsystem&action=info" title="Mer informasjon om denne siden"><span>Sideinformasjon</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Siteringshjelp&page=Gazastripens_kamptunnelsystem&id=24141583&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasjon om hvordan denne siden kan siteres"><span>Siter denne siden</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fno.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGazastripens_kamptunnelsystem"><span>Hent forkortet URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fno.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGazastripens_kamptunnelsystem"><span>Last ned QR-kode</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Skriv ut / eksporter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Gazastripens_kamptunnelsystem&action=show-download-screen"><span>Last ned som PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gazastripens_kamptunnelsystem&printable=yes" title="Utskriftsvennlig versjon av denne siden [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Utskriftsvennlig versjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> På andre prosjekter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Palestinian_tunnel_warfare_in_the_Gaza_Strip" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q16132623" title="Lenke til koblet dataregisterelement [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-element</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utseende</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">skjul</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Fra Wikipedia, den frie encyklopedi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nb" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:IDF_Soldiers_Uncover_Tunnels_in_Gaza_(14513059999).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/IDF_Soldiers_Uncover_Tunnels_in_Gaza_%2814513059999%29.jpg/250px-IDF_Soldiers_Uncover_Tunnels_in_Gaza_%2814513059999%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/IDF_Soldiers_Uncover_Tunnels_in_Gaza_%2814513059999%29.jpg/375px-IDF_Soldiers_Uncover_Tunnels_in_Gaza_%2814513059999%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/IDF_Soldiers_Uncover_Tunnels_in_Gaza_%2814513059999%29.jpg/500px-IDF_Soldiers_Uncover_Tunnels_in_Gaza_%2814513059999%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="534" /></a><figcaption>Israelsk soldat ved en oppdaget kamptunnel på Gazastripen.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:IDF_Soldiers_Uncover_Tunnels_in_Gaza_(14696537151).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/IDF_Soldiers_Uncover_Tunnels_in_Gaza_%2814696537151%29.jpg/250px-IDF_Soldiers_Uncover_Tunnels_in_Gaza_%2814696537151%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/IDF_Soldiers_Uncover_Tunnels_in_Gaza_%2814696537151%29.jpg/375px-IDF_Soldiers_Uncover_Tunnels_in_Gaza_%2814696537151%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/IDF_Soldiers_Uncover_Tunnels_in_Gaza_%2814696537151%29.jpg/500px-IDF_Soldiers_Uncover_Tunnels_in_Gaza_%2814696537151%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="534" /></a><figcaption>Tunnelsjakt oppdaget av israelerne på Gaza i 2014</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Illustration_to_IDF_operation_to_thwart_Hamas%27_metro_project%2C_May_2021.webm/250px--Illustration_to_IDF_operation_to_thwart_Hamas%27_metro_project%2C_May_2021.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="250" height="141" data-durationhint="27" data-mwtitle="Illustration_to_IDF_operation_to_thwart_Hamas'_metro_project,_May_2021.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/Fil:Illustration_to_IDF_operation_to_thwart_Hamas%27_metro_project,_May_2021.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/23/Illustration_to_IDF_operation_to_thwart_Hamas%27_metro_project%2C_May_2021.webm/Illustration_to_IDF_operation_to_thwart_Hamas%27_metro_project%2C_May_2021.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/23/Illustration_to_IDF_operation_to_thwart_Hamas%27_metro_project%2C_May_2021.webm/Illustration_to_IDF_operation_to_thwart_Hamas%27_metro_project%2C_May_2021.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Illustration_to_IDF_operation_to_thwart_Hamas%27_metro_project%2C_May_2021.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/23/Illustration_to_IDF_operation_to_thwart_Hamas%27_metro_project%2C_May_2021.webm/Illustration_to_IDF_operation_to_thwart_Hamas%27_metro_project%2C_May_2021.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/23/Illustration_to_IDF_operation_to_thwart_Hamas%27_metro_project%2C_May_2021.webm/Illustration_to_IDF_operation_to_thwart_Hamas%27_metro_project%2C_May_2021.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/23/Illustration_to_IDF_operation_to_thwart_Hamas%27_metro_project%2C_May_2021.webm/Illustration_to_IDF_operation_to_thwart_Hamas%27_metro_project%2C_May_2021.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/23/Illustration_to_IDF_operation_to_thwart_Hamas%27_metro_project%2C_May_2021.webm/Illustration_to_IDF_operation_to_thwart_Hamas%27_metro_project%2C_May_2021.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/23/Illustration_to_IDF_operation_to_thwart_Hamas%27_metro_project%2C_May_2021.webm/Illustration_to_IDF_operation_to_thwart_Hamas%27_metro_project%2C_May_2021.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>Israelsk animasjon om tunnelnettverket, og av israelsk angrep med et spesielt utviklet og tilpasset <a href="/wiki/Missil" title="Missil">missil</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Palestinian_Tunnel,_uncovered_December_2017,_near_Gaza_Strip_(Kissufim)_in_Israeli_side_of_the_border.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Palestinian_Tunnel%2C_uncovered_December_2017%2C_near_Gaza_Strip_%28Kissufim%29_in_Israeli_side_of_the_border.jpg/250px-Palestinian_Tunnel%2C_uncovered_December_2017%2C_near_Gaza_Strip_%28Kissufim%29_in_Israeli_side_of_the_border.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Palestinian_Tunnel%2C_uncovered_December_2017%2C_near_Gaza_Strip_%28Kissufim%29_in_Israeli_side_of_the_border.jpg/375px-Palestinian_Tunnel%2C_uncovered_December_2017%2C_near_Gaza_Strip_%28Kissufim%29_in_Israeli_side_of_the_border.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Palestinian_Tunnel%2C_uncovered_December_2017%2C_near_Gaza_Strip_%28Kissufim%29_in_Israeli_side_of_the_border.jpg/500px-Palestinian_Tunnel%2C_uncovered_December_2017%2C_near_Gaza_Strip_%28Kissufim%29_in_Israeli_side_of_the_border.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1279" /></a><figcaption>Palestinsk tunnel oppdaget 10. desember 2017 på israelsk side av grensebarrieren, mellom <a href="/wiki/Kibbutz" title="Kibbutz">kibbutzene</a> <a href="/wiki/Kissufim" title="Kissufim">Kissufim</a> og <a href="/wiki/Nirim" title="Nirim">Nirim</a> (men over 1 km fra hver av dem)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Gazastripens kamptunnelsystem</b>, med kallenavnet <b>Gaza Metro</b>, er et nettverk av <a href="/wiki/Tunnel" title="Tunnel">tunneler</a> utviklet av palestinske væpnede grupper på <a href="/wiki/Gazastripen" title="Gazastripen">Gazastripen</a>. </p><p>Lengde og dimensjoneringer av tunnelsystemet er ikke kjent, idet ingen av de berørte parter ønsker å opplyse (<a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a>) eller røpe hvor meget de vet (<a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaddad201871_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaddad201871-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFiliu2014323_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFiliu2014323-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESlesinger20187_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESlesinger20187-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tidligere statsminister av <a href="/wiki/Den_palestinske_selvstyremyndighet" class="mw-redirect" title="Den palestinske selvstyremyndighet">Den palestinske selvstyremyndighet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ismail_Haniyeh" title="Ismail Haniyeh">Ismail Haniyeh</a>, mente i 2016 at tunnelnettverket var dobbelt så omfattende som <a href="/wiki/C%E1%BB%A7_Chi_tunnelene" class="mw-redirect" title="Củ Chi tunnelene">Củ Chi-tunnelnettverket</a> bygd av <a href="/wiki/Front_national_de_libert%C3%A9" title="Front national de liberté">FNL</a> under <a href="/wiki/Vietnamkrigen" title="Vietnamkrigen">Vietnamkrigen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaddad201871_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaddad201871-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I februar 2015 skrev Daniel Rubinstein at Israel var kjent med 100 km tunneler fra <a href="/wiki/Gazakrigen_i_2014" class="mw-redirect" title="Gazakrigen i 2014">Gazakrigen i 2014</a>, hvorav en tredel løp inn under israelsk territorium.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERubenstein2015127_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERubenstein2015127-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ynet" title="Ynet">Ynets</a> Alex Fishman rapporterte set samme tallet i 017.<sup id="cite_ref-Fishman2017_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fishman2017-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a>-reporter Yaniv Kubovich skrev i juni 2021 at Hamas bygde «hundrevis av kilometer tunneler» på Gazastripen etter at noen av dem var blitt skadet under <i><a href="/wiki/Operation_Guardian_of_the_Walls" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Guardian of the Walls">Operation Guardian of the Walls</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kubovich20210616_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kubovich20210616-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Formål"><span id="Form.C3.A5l"></span>Formål</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gazastripens_kamptunnelsystem&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Rediger avsnitt: Formål" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gazastripens_kamptunnelsystem&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Formål"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Det opprinnelige formål fra 1980-årene med <a href="/wiki/Gazastripens_smuglertunneler" title="Gazastripens smuglertunneler">tunneler var smugling under grensen</a> mellom Gazastripen og <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ifølge israelske etterretningstjenester ble strategien med landangrep mot Israel via tunneler initiert av <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Deif" title="Mohammed Deif">Mohammed Deif</a>, sjef for den væpnede fløy av <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ifølge Hamas-talsmannen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Obaida_(Hamas)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Obaida (Hamas) (ikke skrevet ennå)">Abu Obaida</a> var et av målene for byggingen av tunnelene å fange israelske soldater for å bytte dem ut med palestinske fanger som ble holdt av <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tunnelene skjuler våpenfabrikker, utstyr og operasjonssentraler samtidig som de lar palestinske væpnede grupper gjemme seg og bevege seg trygt for israelske angrep.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historie">Historie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gazastripens_kamptunnelsystem&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Rediger avsnitt: Historie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gazastripens_kamptunnelsystem&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Historie"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Byggingen av kamptunneler begynte på 2000-tallet under <a href="/wiki/Den_andre_intifadaen" class="mw-redirect" title="Den andre intifadaen">den andre intifadaen</a>, før Israel trakk ut sine tropper og <a href="/wiki/Israelske_bosetninger" title="Israelske bosetninger">bosettere</a> fra Gazastripen i 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Disse konstruksjonene skjøt fart etter valget av Hamas i Gaza i 2006 og <a href="/wiki/Blokaden_av_Gazastripen" title="Blokaden av Gazastripen">blokaden</a> ledet av Israel og Egypt fra 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>I 2006 infiltrerte en palestinsk kommando Israel gjennom en tunnel for å drepe to israelske soldater og kidnappe en tredje, <a href="/wiki/Gilad_Shalit" title="Gilad Shalit">Gilad Shalit</a>, løslatt fem år senere i bytte mot 1027 palestinske fanger.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>I 2014 startet <a href="/wiki/Den_israelske_h%C3%A6r" class="mw-redirect" title="Den israelske hær">den israelske hæren</a> militæroperasjonen <i>«Protective Edge»</i>, hvis uttalte mål var å ødelegge Hamas’ «angrepstunneler».<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>I 2021 hevdet Israel å ha ødelagt mer enn 100 kilometer med tunneler ved å bruke en ny type bombe som bryter opp bakken før den eksploderer lenger nede.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tekniske_aspekter">Tekniske aspekter</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gazastripens_kamptunnelsystem&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Rediger avsnitt: Tekniske aspekter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gazastripens_kamptunnelsystem&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Tekniske aspekter"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tunnelene kan løpe opptil 30 eller 40 meter under jorden, tilgjengelige gjennom sjakter og innganger som finnes i urbane områder, med innganger under buskas, eller i private hjem, moskéer, under byggverker og offentlige bygninger, ofte i hjertet av <a href="/wiki/Gaza_by" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaza by">Gaza by</a><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Men det er tunneler fra eller under mange steder av Gazastripen, som for eksempel <a href="/wiki/Khan_Yunis" class="mw-redirect" title="Khan Yunis">Khan Yunis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jabalia" title="Jabalia">Jabalia</a> og <a href="/wiki/Al-Shati_(flyktningleir)" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Shati (flyktningleir)">flyktningleiren al-Shati</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dette vanskeliggjør deres oppdagelse ved de forskjellige fototeknikker fra stor høyde eller <a href="/wiki/Drone" title="Drone">droner</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeizman2007255_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeizman2007255-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESlesinger201814_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESlesinger201814-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>I 2020 kunngjorde <a href="/wiki/Israels_forsvar" title="Israels forsvar">den israelske hæren</a> at den hadde oppdaget en tunnel under bygging på 70 meters dybde.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rakettbatterier er skjult noen meter under overflaten og kan oppdages ved hjelp av et system av sensorer.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tunnelene er generelt smale, mens andre er brede nok til å la kjøretøy benytte dem.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Noen av dem er utstyrt med strøm og har et kommunikasjonssystem uavhengig av Gazas generelle strømnett.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Den israelske hæren anslår (2021) at nettverket av tunneler til å være flere hundre kilometer langt.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hamas hevder å ha boret mer enn 500 kilometer med underjordiske ganger.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referanser">Referanser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gazastripens_kamptunnelsystem&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Rediger avsnitt: Referanser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gazastripens_kamptunnelsystem&action=edit&section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Referanser"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/Arab-Israeli-Conflict/IDF-neutralizes-cross-border-Hamas-terror-tunnel-second-in-recent-weeks-517583">«WATCH: IDF destroys cross-border Hamas tunnel, second in recent weeks»</a>. <i>The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AGazastripens+kamptunnelsystem&rft.atitle=WATCH%3A+IDF+destroys+cross-border+Hamas+tunnel%2C+second+in+recent+weeks&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post+%7C+JPost.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FArab-Israeli-Conflict%2FIDF-neutralizes-cross-border-Hamas-terror-tunnel-second-in-recent-weeks-517583&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaddad201871-2"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaddad201871_2-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaddad201871_2-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHaddad2018">Haddad 2018</a>, s. 71.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFiliu2014323-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFiliu2014323_3-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFiliu2014">Filiu 2014</a>, s. 323.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESlesinger20187-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESlesinger20187_4-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSlesinger2018">Slesinger 2018</a>, s. 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERubenstein2015127-5"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERubenstein2015127_5-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRubenstein2015">Rubenstein 2015</a>, s. 127.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fishman2017-6"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fishman2017_6-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Fishman, Alex (7. mars 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4931788,00.html">«What is Israel doing about the Gaza tunnels today?»</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ynet" title="Ynet">Ynet</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AGazastripens+kamptunnelsystem&rft.atitle=What+is+Israel+doing+about+the+Gaza+tunnels+today%3F&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft.aulast=Fishman&rft.date=2017-03-07&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ynet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ynetnews.com%2Farticles%2F0%2C7340%2CL-4931788%2C00.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kubovich20210616-7"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kubovich20210616_7-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Kubovich, Yaniv (16. juni 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/middle-east-news/palestinians/2021-06-16/ty-article/.premium/israels-neglect-enabled-construction-of-hamas-tunnels-new-reports-reveal/0000017f-e968-df5f-a17f-fbfe609d0000">«Israeli Oversight Lets Hamas Build Tunnels, New Reports Reveal»</a>. <i>Haaretz</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AGazastripens+kamptunnelsystem&rft.atitle=Israeli+Oversight+Lets+Hamas+Build+Tunnels%2C+New+Reports+Reveal&rft.aufirst=Yaniv&rft.aulast=Kubovich&rft.date=2021-06-16&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fmiddle-east-news%2Fpalestinians%2F2021-06-16%2Fty-article%2F.premium%2Fisraels-neglect-enabled-construction-of-hamas-tunnels-new-reports-reveal%2F0000017f-e968-df5f-a17f-fbfe609d0000&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Serge Dumont: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/proche-orient/article/2007/06/19/la-contrebande-d-armes-entre-l-egypte-et-la-bande-de-gaza-via-le-couloir-de-philadelphie_925425_3218.html"><i>La contrebande d'armes entre l'Egypte et la bande de Gaza via le "couloir de Philadelphie"</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Le_Monde" title="Le Monde">Le Monde</a>, 19. juni 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Joshua Nevett: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/afrique/monde-57307548"><i>Conflit israélo-palestinen : Mohammed Deif, l'insasissable chef borgne du Hamas dans le collimateur d'Israël</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>, 5. august 2021</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.liberation.fr/planete/2013/10/21/le-hamas-creuse-des-tunnels-pour-kidnapper-des-soldats-israeliens_941166/"><i>Le Hamas creuse des tunnels pour kidnapper des soldats israéliens</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Lib%C3%A9ration" title="Libération">Libération</a>, 21. oktober 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lepoint.fr/monde/premiere-visite-guidee-d-un-des-tunnels-entre-gaza-et-israel-26-07-2014-1849313_24.php"><i>Première visite guidée d'un des tunnels entre Gaza et Israël</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Le_Point" title="Le Point">Le Point</a>, 26. juli 2014</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Patrick Saint-Paul: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lefigaro.fr/actualite/2007/02/24/01001-20070224ARTFIG90686-dans_les_tunnels_de_la_peur_a_gaza.php"><i>Dans les tunnels de la peur à Gaza</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Le_Figaro" title="Le Figaro">Le Figaro</a>, februar 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Camille Bouza: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ouest-france.fr/leditiondusoir/2023-10-17/que-cache-l-immense-reseau-de-tunnels-secrets-construit-par-le-hamas-sous-la-bande-de-gaza-ee0542b1-eba8-42ce-857c-6b0af60983a1"><i>Que cache l'immense réseau de tunnels secrets construit par le Hamas sous la bande de Gaza ?</i></a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ouest_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ouest France (ikke skrevet ennå)">Ouest France</a>, 17. oktober 2023</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Mélanie Meloche-Holubowski: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelle/2019885/tunnels-gaza-israel-hamas-guerre"><i>Voici pourquoi les tunnels sous Gaza posent un problème majeur à l’armée israélienne</i></a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_Radio-Canada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Société Radio-Canada (ikke skrevet ennå)">Radio-Canada</a>, 21. oktober 2023</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.europe1.fr/international/Gaza-le-Hamas-revendique-l-usage-de-tunnels-740326"><i>Gaza : le Hamas revendique l'usage de tunnels</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Europe_1" title="Europe 1">Europe 1</a>, 21. oktober 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Adrien Jaulmes: [<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.lefigaro.fr/international/2012/10/18/01003-20121018ARTFIG00535-gilad-shalit-raconte-ses-cinq-ans-de-captivite.php">https://www.lefigaro.fr/international/2012/10/18/01003-20121018ARTFIG00535-gilad-shalit-raconte-ses-cinq-ans-de-captivite.php</a> <i>Gilad Shalit raconte ses cinq ans de captivité</i>, <a href="/wiki/Le_Figaro" title="Le Figaro">Le Figaro</a>, 18. oktober 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Nathalie Hamou: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lesechos.fr/2014/07/la-defense-israelienne-a-lepreuve-des-tunnels-du-hamas-307129"><i>La défense israélienne à l’épreuve des tunnels du Hamas</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Les_%C3%89chos" title="Les Échos">Les Échos</a>, 23. juli 2014</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Frédéric Métézeau: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceinter/israel-dit-avoir-detruit-plus-de-100-km-du-metro-de-gaza-un-reseau-de-tunnels-construits-par-le-hamas-6741683"><i>Israël dit avoir détruit plus de 100 km du "métro de Gaza", un réseau de tunnels construits par le Hamas</i></a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=France_Inter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="France Inter (ikke skrevet ennå)">France Inter</a>, 20. mai 2021</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Vincent Gibert: [<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.huffingtonpost.fr/international/article/attaques-du-hamas-contre-israel-le-metro-de-gaza-des-tunnels-strategiques-pour-les-combattants-palestiniens_224294.html">https://www.huffingtonpost.fr/international/article/attaques-du-hamas-contre-israel-le-metro-de-gaza-des-tunnels-strategiques-pour-les-combattants-palestiniens_224294.html</a> <i>=Attaques du Hamas contre Israël : Le « métro de Gaza », des tunnels stratégiques pour les combattants palestiniens</i>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_HuffPost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Le HuffPost (ikke skrevet ennå)">Le HuffPost</a>, 11. oktober 2023</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Piven, Ben (23. juli 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2014/7/23/gaza-undergroundhamastunnels.html">«Gaza's underground: A vast tunnel network that empowers Hamas»</a>. Al Jazeera America.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AGazastripens+kamptunnelsystem&rft.atitle=Gaza%27s+underground%3A+A+vast+tunnel+network+that+empowers+Hamas&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft.aulast=Piven&rft.date=2014-07-23&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Famerica.aljazeera.com%2Farticles%2F2014%2F7%2F23%2Fgaza-undergroundhamastunnels.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeizman2007255-21"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeizman2007255_21-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWeizman2007">Weizman 2007</a>, s. 255.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESlesinger201814-22"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESlesinger201814_22-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSlesinger2018">Slesinger 2018</a>, s. 14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fr.timesofisrael.com/70m-sous-terre-tsahal-revele-le-tunnel-du-hamas-le-plus-profond-jamais-decouvert/"><i>70m sous terre : Tsahal révèle le tunnel du Hamas le plus profond jamais</i> </a> =<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Times_of_Israel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Times of Israel (ikke skrevet ennå)">The Times of Israel</a>|, 3. april 2022</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Bahar Makooi og Marc Daou: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/fr/moyen-orient/20231014-gaza-les-tunnels-du-hamas-dans-le-viseur-de-l-arm%C3%A9e-isra%C3%A9lienne-pr%C3%AAte-%C3%A0-lancer-l-assaut-terrestre"><i>Gaza : les tunnels du Hamas dans le viseur de l'armée israélienne, prête à lancer l'assaut terrestre</i></a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=France_24&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="France 24 (ikke skrevet ennå)">France 24</a>, 14. oktober 2023</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Jean-Christophe Laurence: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lapresse.ca/international/moyen-orient/2023-10-22/detruire-les-tunnels-pour-detruire-le-hamas.php"><i>Détruire les tunnels pour détruire le Hamas</i></a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Presse_(Montr%C3%A9al)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="La Presse (Montréal) (ikke skrevet ennå)">La Presse</a>, 22. oktober 2023</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Serge Dumont: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.letemps.ch/monde/israel-se-lance-guerre-tunnels"><i>Israël se lance dans la guerre des tunnels</i></a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Temps_(Sveits)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Le Temps (Sveits) (ikke skrevet ennå)">Le Temps</a>, 18. juli 2014</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Marc Daou: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/fr/moyen-orient/20210519-gaza-les-tunnels-souterrains-du-hamas-dans-le-viseur-de-l-arm%C3%A9e-isra%C3%A9lienne"><i>Gaza : les tunnels souterrains du Hamas dans le viseur de l'armée israélienne</i></a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=France_24&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="France 24 (ikke skrevet ennå)">France 24</a>, 19. mai 2021</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Jean-Philippe Rémy: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2023/10/17/avant-l-assaut-sur-gaza-l-armee-israelienne-s-interroge-sur-les-capacites-du-hamas_6194981_3210.html"><i>Avant l’assaut sur Gaza, l’armée israélienne s’interroge sur les capacités du Hamas</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Le_Monde" title="Le Monde">Le Monde</a>, 17. oktober 2023</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Litteratur">Litteratur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gazastripens_kamptunnelsystem&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Rediger avsnitt: Litteratur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gazastripens_kamptunnelsystem&action=edit&section=5" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Litteratur"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation book">Black, Ian (2017). <i>Enemies and Neighbors: Arabs and Jews in Palestine and Israel, 1917-2017</i>. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AGazastripens+kamptunnelsystem&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft.aulast=Black&rft.btitle=Enemies+and+Neighbors%3A+Arabs+and+Jews+in+Palestine+and+Israel%2C+1917-2017&rft.date=2017&rft.genre=book&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Atlantic+Monthly+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Cohen, Raphael S.; Johnson, David E.; Thaler, David E.; Allen, Brenna; Bartels, Elizabeth M.; Cahill, James; Efron, Shira (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR1888.html"><i>From Cast Lead to Protective Edge: Lessons from Israel's War in Gaza</i></a>. Santa Monica, California: <a href="/wiki/RAND_Corporation" title="RAND Corporation">RAND Corporation</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/978-0-8330-9787-3" title="Spesial:Bokkilder/978-0-8330-9787-3">978-0-8330-9787-3</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230507082627/https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RR1800/RR1888/RAND_RR1888.pdf">Arkivert</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> fra originalen 7. mai 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AGazastripens+kamptunnelsystem&rft.au=Allen%2C+Brenna&rft.au=Bartels%2C+Elizabeth+M.&rft.au=Cahill%2C+James&rft.au=Efron%2C+Shira&rft.au=Johnson%2C+David+E.&rft.au=Thaler%2C+David+E.&rft.aufirst=Raphael+S.&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.btitle=From+Cast+Lead+to+Protective+Edge%3A+Lessons+from+Israel%27s+War+in+Gaza&rft.date=2017&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-8330-9787-3&rft.place=Santa+Monica%2C+California&rft.pub=RAND+Corporation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rand.org%2Fpubs%2Fresearch_reports%2FRR1888.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Filiu, Jean-Pierre (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gazahistory0000fili"><i>Gaza: A History</i></a>. New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/9780190201890" title="Spesial:Bokkilder/9780190201890">9780190201890</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AGazastripens+kamptunnelsystem&rft.aufirst=Jean-Pierre&rft.aulast=Filiu&rft.btitle=Gaza%3A+A+History&rft.date=2014&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780190201890&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgazahistory0000fili&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Haddad, Toufic (Juni 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archiv.ub.uni-marburg.de/ep/0003/article/view/7594">«Insurgent Infrastructure: Tunnels of the Gaza Strip»</a>. <i>Middle East - Topics & Arguments</i>: 71–85. <a href="/wiki/Digital_objektidentifikator" title="Digital objektidentifikator">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17192%2Fmeta.2018.10.7594">10.17192/meta.2018.10.7594</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AGazastripens+kamptunnelsystem&rft.atitle=Insurgent+Infrastructure%3A+Tunnels+of+the+Gaza+Strip&rft.aufirst=Toufic&rft.aulast=Haddad&rft.date=2018-06&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+-+Topics+%26+Arguments&rft.pages=71-85&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchiv.ub.uni-marburg.de%2Fep%2F0003%2Farticle%2Fview%2F7594&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17192%2Fmeta.2018.10.7594&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">CS1-vedlikehold: Dato og år (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1-vedlikehold:_Dato_og_%C3%A5r" title="Kategori:CS1-vedlikehold: Dato og år">link</a>)</span></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Lichtenwald, Terrance G.; Perri, Frank S. (17. juni 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lifescienceglobal.com/pms/index.php/ijcs/article/view/1200">«Terrorist Use of Smuggling Tunnels»</a>. <i>International Journal of Criminology and Sociology</i>. 2: 210–226. <a href="/wiki/Digital_objektidentifikator" title="Digital objektidentifikator">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.6000%2F1929-4409.2013.02.21">10.6000/1929-4409.2013.02.21</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AGazastripens+kamptunnelsystem&rft.atitle=Terrorist+Use+of+Smuggling+Tunnels&rft.au=Perri%2C+Frank+S.&rft.aufirst=Terrance+G.&rft.aulast=Lichtenwald&rft.date=2013-06-17&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Criminology+and+Sociology&rft.pages=210-226&rft.volume=2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flifescienceglobal.com%2Fpms%2Findex.php%2Fijcs%2Farticle%2Fview%2F1200&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.6000%2F1929-4409.2013.02.21&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Pelham, Nicholas (Sommeren 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-palestine-studies_summer-2012_41_4/page/n7">«Gaza's Tunnel Phenomenon: The Unintended Dynamics of Israel's Siege»</a>. <i>Journal of Palestine Studies</i>. University of California Press. 41 (4): 6–31. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/jps.2012.XLI.4.6">10.1525/jps.2012.XLI.4.6</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_objektidentifikator" title="Digital objektidentifikator">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1525%2Fjps.2012.xli.4.6">10.1525/jps.2012.xli.4.6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AGazastripens+kamptunnelsystem&rft.atitle=Gaza%27s+Tunnel+Phenomenon%3A+The+Unintended+Dynamics+of+Israel%27s+Siege&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft.aulast=Pelham&rft.date=2012&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=4&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Palestine+Studies&rft.pages=6-31&rft.ssn=sommeren&rft.volume=41&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.1525%2Fjps.2012.XLI.4.6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_journal-of-palestine-studies_summer-2012_41_4%2Fpage%2Fn7&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1525%2Fjps.2012.xli.4.6&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">CS1-vedlikehold: Dato og år (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1-vedlikehold:_Dato_og_%C3%A5r" title="Kategori:CS1-vedlikehold: Dato og år">link</a>)</span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Rodman, David (2019). <i>Combined Arms Warfare in Israeli Military History: From the War of Independence to Operation Protective Edge</i>. Sussex Academic Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/9781845199678" title="Spesial:Bokkilder/9781845199678">9781845199678</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AGazastripens+kamptunnelsystem&rft.aufirst=David&rft.aulast=Rodman&rft.btitle=Combined+Arms+Warfare+in+Israeli+Military+History%3A+From+the+War+of+Independence+to+Operation+Protective+Edge&rft.date=2019&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9781845199678&rft.pub=Sussex+Academic+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Rubenstein, Daniel (2015). «Hamas' Tunnel Network: A Massacre in the Making». <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jcpa.org/pdf/The-Gaza-War-2014-Site.pdf"><i>The Gaza War 2014: The War Israel Did Not Want and the Disaster It Averted</i></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs. s. 119–129. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/9789652181251" title="Spesial:Bokkilder/9789652181251">9789652181251</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230816004308/https://jcpa.org/pdf/The-Gaza-War-2014-Site.pdf">Arkivert</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> fra originalen 16. august 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AGazastripens+kamptunnelsystem&rft.atitle=Hamas%27+Tunnel+Network%3A+A+Massacre+in+the+Making&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.aulast=Rubenstein&rft.btitle=The+Gaza+War+2014%3A+The+War+Israel+Did+Not+Want+and+the+Disaster+It+Averted&rft.date=2015&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=9789652181251&rft.pages=119-129&rft.pub=Jerusalem+Center+for+Public+Affairs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjcpa.org%2Fpdf%2FThe-Gaza-War-2014-Site.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Shamir, Eitan; Hecht, Eado (1. desember 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://press.armywarcollege.edu/parameters/vol44/iss4/10/">«Gaza 2014: Israel's Attrition vs Hamas' Exhaustion»</a>. <i>The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters</i>. 44 (4): 81–90. <a href="/wiki/Digital_objektidentifikator" title="Digital objektidentifikator">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.55540%2F0031-1723.2972">10.55540/0031-1723.2972</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AGazastripens+kamptunnelsystem&rft.atitle=Gaza+2014%3A+Israel%27s+Attrition+vs+Hamas%27+Exhaustion&rft.au=Hecht%2C+Eado&rft.aufirst=Eitan&rft.aulast=Shamir&rft.date=2014-12-01&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=4&rft.jtitle=The+US+Army+War+College+Quarterly%3A+Parameters&rft.pages=81-90&rft.volume=44&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpress.armywarcollege.edu%2Fparameters%2Fvol44%2Fiss4%2F10%2F&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.55540%2F0031-1723.2972&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Shapir, Yiftah S.; Perel, Gal (2014). «Subterranean Warfare: A New-Old Challenge». <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.inss.org.il/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/systemfiles/Subterranean%20Warfare_%20A%20New-Old%20Challenge.pdf"><i>The Lessons of Operation Protective Edge</i></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Institute for National Security Studies (INSS). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211027153451/https://www.inss.org.il/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/systemfiles/Subterranean%20Warfare_%20A%20New-Old%20Challenge.pdf">Arkivert</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> fra originalen 27. oktober 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AGazastripens+kamptunnelsystem&rft.atitle=Subterranean+Warfare%3A+A+New-Old+Challenge&rft.au=Perel%2C+Gal&rft.aufirst=Yiftah+S.&rft.aulast=Shapir&rft.btitle=The+Lessons+of+Operation+Protective+Edge&rft.date=2014&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.pub=Institute+for+National+Security+Studies+%28INSS%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.inss.org.il%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F2%2Fsystemfiles%2FSubterranean%2520Warfare_%2520A%2520New-Old%2520Challenge.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Slesinger, Ian (8. februar 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/14650045.2017.1399878">«A Cartography of the Unknowable: Technology, Territory and Subterranean Agencies in Israel's Management of the Gaza Tunnels»</a>. <i>Geopolitics</i>. 25: 71–85. <a href="/wiki/Digital_objektidentifikator" title="Digital objektidentifikator">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14650045.2017.1399878">10.1080/14650045.2017.1399878</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AGazastripens+kamptunnelsystem&rft.atitle=A+Cartography+of+the+Unknowable%3A+Technology%2C+Territory+and+Subterranean+Agencies+in+Israel%27s+Management+of+the+Gaza+Tunnels&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft.aulast=Slesinger&rft.date=2018-02-08&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geopolitics&rft.pages=71-85&rft.volume=25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Fpdf%2F10.1080%2F14650045.2017.1399878&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F14650045.2017.1399878&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Weizman, Eyal (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hollowlandisrael00weiz"><i>Hollow Land: Israel's Architecture of Occupation</i></a>. New York: Verso. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/978-1-78663-448-1" title="Spesial:Bokkilder/978-1-78663-448-1">978-1-78663-448-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AGazastripens+kamptunnelsystem&rft.aufirst=Eyal&rft.aulast=Weizman&rft.btitle=Hollow+Land%3A+Israel%27s+Architecture+of+Occupation&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-78663-448-1&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Verso&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhollowlandisrael00weiz&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_lenker">Eksterne lenker</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gazastripens_kamptunnelsystem&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Rediger avsnitt: Eksterne lenker" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gazastripens_kamptunnelsystem&action=edit&section=6" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Eksterne lenker"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="bjeller languageicon" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Palestinian_tunnel_warfare_in_the_Gaza_Strip" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Palestinian tunnel warfare in the Gaza Strip">Palestinian tunnel warfare in the Gaza Strip</a> – kategori av bilder, video eller lyd på <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Commons</a> <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p373"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16132623?uselang=nb#P373" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23230704">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24561737">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="22x18px&#124;border&#124;alt=Israels_flagg&#124;lenke=Israel_Emner_om_Israel" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23230704"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24561741">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-vis"><a href="/wiki/Mal:Israel" title="Mal:Israel"><abbr title="Vis denne malen">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-diskuter"><a href="/wiki/Maldiskusjon:Israel" title="Maldiskusjon:Israel"><abbr title="Diskuter denne malen">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-rediger"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Rediger_side/Mal:Israel" title="Spesial:Rediger side/Mal:Israel"><abbr title="Rediger denne malen">r</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="22x18px&#124;border&#124;alt=Israels_flagg&#124;lenke=Israel_Emner_om_Israel" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagg"><span><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israels flagg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/22px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/33px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/44px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span></span> Emner om <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Israels_historie" title="Israels historie">Historie</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hoved</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oldtidens_Israels_og_Judeas_historie" title="Oldtidens Israels og Judeas historie">Oldtid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B8disk_historie" title="Jødisk historie">Jødisk historie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akamenidedynastiet" title="Akamenidedynastiet">Persisk styre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romerriket" title="Romerriket">Romerriket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B8deoppr%C3%B8rene" title="Jødeopprørene">Jødeopprørene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%98stromerriket" title="Østromerriket">Det bysantiske riket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umajjadene" title="Umajjadene">Umajjadene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbasidene" title="Abbasidene">Abbasidene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatimidene" title="Fatimidene">Fatimidene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korstog" title="Korstog">Korstogene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korsfarerstat" title="Korsfarerstat">Korsfarerstater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajjubidedynastiet" title="Ajjubidedynastiet">Ajjubidene</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolske_invasjoner_av_Palestina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mongolske invasjoner av Palestina (ikke skrevet ennå)">Mongolske invasjoner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamelukk" title="Mamelukk">Mamelukkene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Det_osmanske_rike" title="Det osmanske rike">Osmanerne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sionisme" title="Sionisme">Sionisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aliyah" title="Aliyah">Innvandring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israels_historie#1917–1945:_Britisk_mandat:_Jødenes_nasjonale_hjem" title="Israels historie">Britisk mandat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinamandatet" title="Palestinamandatet">Palestinamandatet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balfourerkl%C3%A6ringen_i_1917" title="Balfourerklæringen i 1917">Balfourerklæringen i 1917</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haganah" title="Haganah">Haganah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israels_historie#1945–1948:_Jødisk_opprør_mot_britisk_styre" title="Israels historie">Opprør mot britisk styre (1945–1948)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FNs_delingsplan_for_Palestina" title="FNs delingsplan for Palestina">FNs delingsplan for Palestina (1948)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_israelske_selvstendighetserkl%C3%A6ringen" title="Den israelske selvstendighetserklæringen">Selvstendighetserklæringen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israels_historie#Israels_historie" title="Israels historie">1949: Staten Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suezkrisen" title="Suezkrisen">Suezkrisen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_David-avtalen" title="Camp David-avtalen">Camp David-avtalen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_egyptisk-israelske_fredsavtalen" title="Den egyptisk-israelske fredsavtalen">Den egyptisk-israelske fredsavtalen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulfkrigen" title="Gulfkrigen">Gulfkrigen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oslo-avtalen" title="Oslo-avtalen">Oslo-avtalen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israels_historie#Direktevalg_av_statsminister_1996.E2.80.932005" title="Israels historie">1996 – I dag</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Konflikt</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Midt%C3%B8sten-konflikten" title="Midtøsten-konflikten">Israelsk-arabisk</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Den_arabisk-israelske_krig_i_1948" title="Den arabisk-israelske krig i 1948">Arabisk-israelsk krig 1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_gr%C3%B8nne_linje" title="Den grønne linje">Den grønne linje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suezkrisen" title="Suezkrisen">Suezkrisen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seksdagerskrigen" title="Seksdagerskrigen">Seksdagerskrigen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israels_okkuperte_omr%C3%A5der" title="Israels okkuperte områder">Israels okkuperte områder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FNs_sikkerhetsr%C3%A5ds_resolusjon_242" title="FNs sikkerhetsråds resolusjon 242">FNs sikkerhetsråds resolusjon 242</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utmattelseskrigen" title="Utmattelseskrigen">Utmattelseskrigen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jom_kippur-krigen" title="Jom kippur-krigen">Jom kippur-krigen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konflikten_i_S%C3%B8r-Libanon_1978" title="Konflikten i Sør-Libanon 1978">Invasjon av Sør-Libanon 1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libanon-krigen_1982" title="Libanon-krigen 1982">Invasjon av Libanon 1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libanon-krigen_(2006)" title="Libanon-krigen (2006)">Libanon-krigen 2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libanon-krigen_2024" title="Libanon-krigen 2024">Libanon-krigen 2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_over_fredsavtaler_i_Midt%C3%B8sten" title="Liste over fredsavtaler i Midtøsten">Fredsavtaler</a> (<a href="/wiki/Den_egyptisk-israelske_fredsavtalen" title="Den egyptisk-israelske fredsavtalen">med Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_israelsk-jordanske_fredsavtalen" title="Den israelsk-jordanske fredsavtalen">med Jordan</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Palestina-konflikten" title="Israel–Palestina-konflikten">Israelsk-palestinsk</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nakba" title="Nakba">Nakba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tostatsl%C3%B8sningen" title="Tostatsløsningen">Tostatsløsningen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israelske_bosetninger" title="Israelske bosetninger">Israelske bosetninger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%B8rste_intifada" title="Første intifada">Første intifada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andre_intifada" title="Andre intifada">Andre intifada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gazakrigen_2008%E2%80%932009" title="Gazakrigen 2008–2009">Gazakrigen 2008–2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bordingen_av_Gaza-konvoien_i_2010" title="Bordingen av Gaza-konvoien i 2010">Bordingen av Gaza-konvoien i 2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gazakrigen_2014" title="Gazakrigen 2014">Gazakrigen 2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Palestina-konflikten_(2021)" title="Israel–Palestina-konflikten (2021)">Militær konflikt 2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamas%E2%80%99_angrep_p%C3%A5_Israel_oktober_2023" title="Hamas’ angrep på Israel oktober 2023">Hamas-angrep 2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krigen_i_Gaza_2023%E2%80%932024" title="Krigen i Gaza 2023–2024">Krigen i Gaza 2023–2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israels_barriere_p%C3%A5_Vestbredden" title="Israels barriere på Vestbredden">Barriere på Vestbredden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_palestinske_territoriene" title="De palestinske territoriene">Palestinske territorier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blokaden_av_Gazastripen" title="Blokaden av Gazastripen">Blokaden av Gazastripen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vestbredden_og_Gazastripens_politiske_status" title="Vestbredden og Gazastripens politiske status">Vestbredden og Gazastripens politiske status</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gazastripens kamptunnelsystem</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Israels_geografi" title="Israels geografi">Geografi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liste_over_byer_i_Israel" title="Liste over byer i Israel">Byer</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israels_distrikter" title="Israels distrikter">Distrikter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Fjell_i_Israel" title="Kategori:Fjell i Israel">Fjell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Israels_politiske_system" title="Israels politiske system">Politikk</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Myndighet</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Knesset" title="Knesset">Nasjonalforsamling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israels_statsminister" title="Israels statsminister">Statsminister</a> (<a href="/wiki/Israels_statsminister#Liste_over_Israels_statsministre" title="Israels statsminister">Liste</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israels_president" title="Israels president">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Politiske_partier_i_Israel" title="Kategori:Politiske partier i Israel">Politiske partier</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Israels_rettsvesen" title="Israels rettsvesen">Rettsvesen</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Loven_om_tilbakevending" title="Loven om tilbakevending">Loven om tilbakevending</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem-loven" title="Jerusalem-loven">Jerusalem-loven</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Israelske_sikkerhetsstyrker" title="Israelske sikkerhetsstyrker">Sikkerhet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israels_forsvar" title="Israels forsvar">Militærvesen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_over_kriger_Israel_har_deltatt_i" title="Liste over kriger Israel har deltatt i">Kriger siden 1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mossad" title="Mossad">Mossad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Israels_%C3%B8konomi" title="Israels økonomi">Næringsliv</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israels_%C3%B8konomi" title="Israels økonomi">Økonomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israels_bankvesen" title="Israels bankvesen">Bankvesen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Israels_kultur" title="Israels kultur">Kultur</a> og samfunn</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_i_Israel" title="Religion i Israel">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utdanning_i_Israel" title="Utdanning i Israel">Utdanning</a> (<a href="/wiki/Liste_over_universiteter_og_h%C3%B8yskoler_i_Israel" title="Liste over universiteter og høyskoler i Israel">Universiteter og høyskoler</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israels_flagg" title="Israels flagg">Flagg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israels_riksv%C3%A5pen" title="Israels riksvåpen">Riksvåpen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kibbutz" title="Kibbutz">Kibbutz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebraisk" title="Hebraisk">Hebraisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabisk" title="Arabisk">Arabisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israelsk_litteratur" title="Israelsk litteratur">Litteratur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_i_Israel" title="Sport i Israel">Sport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Israels_demografi" title="Israels demografi">Demografi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B8der" title="Jøder">Jøder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israelere" title="Israelere">Israelere</a> (<a href="/wiki/Israelske_arabere" title="Israelske arabere">Arabere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israelske_j%C3%B8der" title="Israelske jøder">Jøder</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Israels_utenriks-_og_sikkerhetspolitikk" title="Israels utenriks- og sikkerhetspolitikk">Utenrikspolitikk</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Relasjoner_mellom_Norge_og_Israel" title="Relasjoner mellom Norge og Israel">Israel og Norge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oslo-avtalen" title="Oslo-avtalen">Oslo-avtalen 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interimsavtalen" title="Interimsavtalen">Oslo-avtalen 2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Relaterte artikler</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israels_land" title="Israels land">Israels land</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/18px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/27px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/36px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Israel" title="Portal:Israel"><b>Portal</b></a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/18px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/27px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/36px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="31" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Kategori:Israel" title="Kategori:Israel"><b>Kategori</b></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="ve-conditional-display-block">Autoritetsdata</div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Hentet fra «<a dir="ltr" href="https://no.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gazastripens_kamptunnelsystem&oldid=24141583">https://no.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gazastripens_kamptunnelsystem&oldid=24141583</a>»</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Kategorier" title="Kategori:Kategorier">Kategorier</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Gazastripen" title="Kategori:Gazastripen">Gazastripen</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Hamas" title="Kategori:Hamas">Hamas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Israel%E2%80%93Palestina-konflikten" title="Kategori:Israel–Palestina-konflikten">Israel–Palestina-konflikten</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Skjulte kategorier: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1-vedlikehold:_Dato_og_%C3%A5r" title="Kategori:CS1-vedlikehold: Dato og år">CS1-vedlikehold: Dato og år</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikler_med_offisielle_lenker_fra_Wikidata" title="Kategori:Artikler med offisielle lenker fra Wikidata">Artikler med offisielle lenker fra Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikler_uten_autoritetsdatalenker_fra_Wikidata" title="Kategori:Artikler uten autoritetsdatalenker fra Wikidata">Artikler uten autoritetsdatalenker fra Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Denne siden ble sist redigert 21. des. 2023 kl. 23:35.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Innholdet er tilgjengelig under <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.no">Creative Commons-lisensen Navngivelse-DelPåSammeVilkår</a>, men ytterligere betingelser kan gjelde. Se <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">bruksvilkårene</a> for detaljer.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Personvern</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Om">Om Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Generelle_forbehold">Forbehold</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Atferdsnorm</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Utviklere</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/no.wikipedia.org">Statistikk</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Erklæring om informasjonskapsler</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//no.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gazastripens_kamptunnelsystem&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobilvisning</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-sqbd2","wgBackendResponseTime":184,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.481","walltime":"0.575","ppvisitednodes":{"value":16005,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":105125,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":15852,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":15,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":1,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":25603,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":2,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 468.817 1 -total"," 32.85% 154.017 5 Mal:Navboks"," 31.82% 149.182 5 Mal:Navbox"," 26.34% 123.505 1 Mal:Israel"," 15.40% 72.186 7 Mal:Sfn"," 15.34% 71.900 4 Mal:Cite_news"," 14.39% 67.455 4 Mal:Kilde_avis"," 14.38% 67.407 7 Mal:Cite_book"," 13.38% 62.720 7 Mal:Kilde_bok"," 11.76% 55.112 5 Mal:Cite_journal"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.229","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":4229357,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFBlack2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCohenJohnsonThalerAllen2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFiliu2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFishman2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHaddad2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKubovich2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLichtenwaldPerri2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPelham2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPiven2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRodman2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRubenstein2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShamirHecht2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShapirPerel2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSlesinger2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeizman2007\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 1,\n [\"Autoritetsdata\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 7,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 5,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 4,\n [\"Israel\"] = 1,\n [\"Offisielle\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 7,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-648bd44df8-z86qh","timestamp":"20241116094804","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Gazastripens kamptunnelsystem","url":"https:\/\/no.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gazastripens_kamptunnelsystem","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q16132623","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q16132623","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Bidragsytere til Wikimedia-prosjektene"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2023-10-28T07:36:06Z","dateModified":"2023-12-21T22:35:32Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/f\/f8\/IDF_Soldiers_Uncover_Tunnels_in_Gaza_%2814513059999%29.jpg"}</script> </body> </html>