CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: inorganic</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: inorganic"> <meta name="keywords" content="inorganic"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="inorganic" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/committees" rel="nofollow">Committees</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdownPublications" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Publications </a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdownPublications"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/page/support" title="Support">Support</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <main> <div class="container mt-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9 mx-auto"> <form method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="inorganic"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 465</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: inorganic</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">465</span> Acidity and Aridity: Soil Carbon Storage and Myeloablation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tom%20Spears">Tom Spears</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zotique%20Laframboise"> Zotique Laframboise</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Soil inorganic carbon is the most common form of carbon in arid and semiarid regions, and has a very long turnover time. However, little is known about dissolved inorganic carbon storage and its turnover time in these soils. With 81 arid soil samples taken from 6 profiles in the Nepean Desert, Canada, we investigated the soil inorganic carbon (SIC) and the soil dissolved inorganic carbon (SDIC) in whole profiles of saline and alkaline soils by analyzing their contents and ages with radiocarbon dating. The results showed that there is considerable SDIC content in SIC, and the variations of SDIC and SIC contents in the saline soil profile were much larger than that in the alkaline profile. We investigated the possible implications for tectonic platelet activity but identified none. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil" title="soil">soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20storage" title=" carbon storage"> carbon storage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acidity" title=" acidity"> acidity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20inorganic%20carbon%20%28SIC%29" title=" soil inorganic carbon (SIC)"> soil inorganic carbon (SIC)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15564/acidity-and-aridity-soil-carbon-storage-and-myeloablation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15564.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">490</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">464</span> Synthesis of an Organic-Inorganic Salt of (C2H5NO2) 2H4SiW12O40 and Investigation of Its Anti-Viral Effect on the Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahboobeh%20Mohadeszadeh">Mahboobeh Mohadeszadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Majid%20Saghi"> Majid Saghi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Polyoxometalates (POMs) are important inorganic compounds that have been considered specifically in recent years due to abundant attributes and applications. Those POMs that have one central tetrahedral atom called keggin. The binding Amino-acid groups to keggin structure give the antivirus effect to these compounds. A new organic-inorganic hybrid structure, with formula (Gly)2H4SiW12O40 was synthesized. Investigation on Anti-viral effect of this compound showed the (Gly)2H4SiW12O40 prevents infection of Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) on the Nicotianatabacum plants. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Polyoxometalate" title="Polyoxometalate">Polyoxometalate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Keggin" title=" Keggin"> Keggin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Organic-inorganic%20salt" title=" Organic-inorganic salt"> Organic-inorganic salt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TMV" title=" TMV"> TMV</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21483/synthesis-of-an-organic-inorganic-salt-of-c2h5no2-2h4siw12o40-and-investigation-of-its-anti-viral-effect-on-the-tobacco-mosaic-virus-tmv" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21483.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">288</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">463</span> Synthesis of an Organic- Inorganic Salt of (C2H5NO2)2H4SiW12O40 and Investigation of Its Anti-Viral Effect on the Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahboobeh%20Mohadeszadeh">Mahboobeh Mohadeszadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Majid%20Saghi"> Majid Saghi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Polyoxometalates (POMs) are important inorganic compounds that have been considered specifically in recent years due to abundant attributes and applications. Those POMs that have one central tetrahedral atom called keggin. The binding Amino-acid groups to keggin structure give the antivirus effect to these compounds. A new organic-inorganic hybrid structure, with formula (Gly)2H4SiW12O40 was synthesized. Investigation on Anti-viral effect of this compound showed the (Gly)2H4SiW12O40 prevents infection of Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) on the Nicotianatabacum plants. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyoxometalate" title="polyoxometalate">polyoxometalate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=keggin" title=" keggin"> keggin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic-inorganic%20salt" title=" organic-inorganic salt"> organic-inorganic salt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TMV" title=" TMV "> TMV </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21481/synthesis-of-an-organic-inorganic-salt-of-c2h5no22h4siw12o40-and-investigation-of-its-anti-viral-effect-on-the-tobacco-mosaic-virus-tmv" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21481.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">421</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">462</span> Synthesis of an Organic-Inorganic Salt of 12-Silicotungstate, (C2H5NO2)2H4SiW12O40 and Investigation of Its Anti-Viral Effect on the Tobacco Mosaic Virus</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahboobeh%20Mohadeszadeh">Mahboobeh Mohadeszadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Majid%20Saghi"> Majid Saghi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Polyoxometalates (POMs) are important inorganic compounds that have been considered specifically in recent years due to abundant attributes and applications. Those POMs that have one central tetrahedral atom called keggin. The binding Amino-acid groups to keggin structure give the antivirus effect to these compounds. A new organic-inorganic hybrid structure, with formula (Gly)2H4SiW12O40, was synthesized. Investigation on the anti-viral effect of this compound showed the (Gly)2H4SiW12O40 prevents infection of Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) on the Nicotianatabacum plants. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyoxometalate" title="polyoxometalate">polyoxometalate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=keggin" title=" keggin"> keggin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic-inorganic%20salt" title=" organic-inorganic salt"> organic-inorganic salt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TMV" title=" TMV"> TMV</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21662/synthesis-of-an-organic-inorganic-salt-of-12-silicotungstate-c2h5no22h4siw12o40-and-investigation-of-its-anti-viral-effect-on-the-tobacco-mosaic-virus" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21662.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">290</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">461</span> Effect of Epoxy-ZrP Nanocomposite Top Coating on Inorganic Barrier Layer </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haesook%20Kim">Haesook Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ha%20Na%20Ra"> Ha Na Ra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mansu%20Kim"> Mansu Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyun%20Gi%20Kim"> Hyun Gi Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sung%20Soo%20Kim"> Sung Soo Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Epoxy-ZrP (α-zirconium phosphate) nanocomposites were coated on inorganic barrier layer such as sputtering and atomic layer deposition (ALD) to improve the barrier properties and protect the layer. ZrP nanoplatelets were synthesized using a reflux method and exfoliated in the polymer matrix. The barrier properties of coating layer were characterized by measuring water vapor transmission rate (WVTR). The WVTR dramatically decreased after epoxy-ZrP nanocomposite coating, while maintaining the optical properties. It was also investigated the effect of epoxy-ZrP coating on inorganic layer after bending and reliability test. The optimal structure composed of inorganic and epoxy-ZrP nanocomposite layers was used in organic light emitting diodes (OLED) encapsulation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CE%B1-zirconium%20phosphate" title="α-zirconium phosphate">α-zirconium phosphate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=barrier%20properties" title=" barrier properties"> barrier properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epoxy%20nanocomposites" title=" epoxy nanocomposites"> epoxy nanocomposites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OLED%20encapsulation" title=" OLED encapsulation"> OLED encapsulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67636/effect-of-epoxy-zrp-nanocomposite-top-coating-on-inorganic-barrier-layer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67636.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">357</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">460</span> Evaluation of Different Fertilization Practices and Their Impacts on Soil Chemical and Microbial Properties in Two Agroecological Zones of Ghana</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ansong%20Richard%20Omari">Ansong Richard Omari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yosei%20Oikawa"> Yosei Oikawa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yoshiharu%20Fujii"> Yoshiharu Fujii</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dorothea%20Sonoko%20Bellingrath-Kimura"> Dorothea Sonoko Bellingrath-Kimura</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Renewed interest in soil management aimed at improving the productive capacity of Sub Saharan Africa (SSA) soils has called for the need to analyse the long term effect of different fertilization systems on soil. This study was conducted in two agroecological zones (i.e., Guinea Savannah (GS) and Deciduous forest (DF)) of Ghana to evaluate the impacts of long term (> 5 years) fertilization schemes on soil chemical and microbial properties. Soil samples under four different fertilization schemes (inorganic, inorganic and organic, organic, and no fertilization) were collected from 20 farmers` field in both agroecological zones. Soil analyses were conducted using standard procedures. All average soil quality parameters except extractable C, potential mineralizable nitrogen and CEC were significantly higher in DF sites compared to GS. Inorganic fertilization proved superior in soil chemical and microbial biomass especially in GS zone. In GS, soil deterioration index (DI) revealed that soil quality deteriorated significantly (−26%) under only organic fertilization system whereas soil improvement was observed under inorganic and no fertilization sites. In DF, either inorganic or organic and inorganic fertilization showed significant positive effects on soil quality. The high soil chemical composition and enhanced microbial biomass in DF were associated with the high rate of inorganic fertilization. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deterioration%20index" title="deterioration index">deterioration index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fertilization%20scheme" title=" fertilization scheme"> fertilization scheme</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbial%20biomass" title=" microbial biomass"> microbial biomass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tropical%20agroecological%20zone" title=" tropical agroecological zone"> tropical agroecological zone</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61689/evaluation-of-different-fertilization-practices-and-their-impacts-on-soil-chemical-and-microbial-properties-in-two-agroecological-zones-of-ghana" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61689.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">406</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">459</span> Device Modelling and Analysis of Eco-friendly Inverted Solar Cell Structure Using Valency Ordered Inorganic Double Perovskite Material</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sindhu%20S%20Nair">Sindhu S Nair</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atul%20Thakur"> Atul Thakur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Preeti%20Thakur"> Preeti Thakur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Trukhanov%20Alex"> Trukhanov Alex</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Perovskite-based absorbing materials that are organic, inorganic, or hybrid have gained interest as an appealing candidate for the development of solar cell devices. Lead-based perovskites are among the most promising materials, but their application is plagued with toxicity and stability concerns. Most of the perovskite solar cell consists of conventional (n-i-p) structure with organic or inorganic charge transport materials. The commercial application of such device is limited due to higher J-V hysteresis and the need for high temperature during fabrication. This numerical analysis primarily directs to investigate the performance of various inorganic lead-free valency ordered double perovskite absorber materials and to develop an inverted perovskite solar cell device structure. Simulation efforts using SCAPS-1D was carried out with various organic and inorganic charge transport materials with absorber layer materials, and their performance has been evaluated for various factors of thickness, absorber thickness, absorber defect density, and interface defect density to achieve the optimized structure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perovskite%20materials" title="perovskite materials">perovskite materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20cell" title=" solar cell"> solar cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inverted%20solar%20cell" title=" inverted solar cell"> inverted solar cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inorganic%20perovskite%20solar%20cell%20materials" title=" inorganic perovskite solar cell materials"> inorganic perovskite solar cell materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell%20efficiency" title=" cell efficiency"> cell efficiency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166962/device-modelling-and-analysis-of-eco-friendly-inverted-solar-cell-structure-using-valency-ordered-inorganic-double-perovskite-material" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166962.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">83</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">458</span> Morphological Characteristic of Hybrid Thin Films</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azyuni%20Aziz">Azyuni Aziz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syed%20A.%20Malik"> Syed A. Malik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahrul%20Kadri%20Ayop"> Shahrul Kadri Ayop</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatin%20Hana%20Naning"> Fatin Hana Naning</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Currently, organic-inorganic hybrid thin films have attracted researchers to explore them, where these thin films can give a lot of benefits. Hybrid thin films are thin films that consist of inorganic and organic materials. Inorganic and organic materials give high efficiency and low manufacturing cost in some applications such as solar cells application, furthermore, organic materials are environment-friendly. In this study, poly (3-hexylthiophene) was choosing as organic material which combined with inorganic nanoparticles, Cadmium Sulfide (CdS) quantum dots. Samples were prepared using new technique, Angle Lifting Deposition (ALD) at different weight percentage. All prepared samples were then characterized by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) with Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) to study surface of samples and determine their surface roughness. Results show that these inorganic nanoparticles have affected the surface of samples and surface roughness of samples increased due to increasing of weight percentage of CdS in the thin films samples. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AFM" title="AFM">AFM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CdS" title=" CdS"> CdS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FESEM-EDX" title=" FESEM-EDX"> FESEM-EDX</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20thin%20films" title=" hybrid thin films"> hybrid thin films</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P3HT" title=" P3HT"> P3HT</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17329/morphological-characteristic-of-hybrid-thin-films" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17329.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">502</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">457</span> Agronomic Response of Fluted Pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis Hook. f.) to Planting Densities and Fertilizer Application</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Falodun%20E.%20J.">Falodun E. J.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ogbeifun%20S.%20O."> Ogbeifun S. O.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objectives of this study were to investigate the yield, nutrient concentration, and uptake of fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis Hook. f.) in response to spacing and fertilizer application. Two fluted pumpkin plant populations (10,000 and 20,000 plants ha⁻¹), D1 and D2, were evaluated at three levels of NPK fertilizer (F₁, 20 t ha⁻¹ poultry manure, F₂, 300 kg ha⁻¹ NPK 15:15:15 and F₃, 10 t ha⁻¹ poultry manure + 150 kg ha⁻¹ NPK 15:15:15) using a factorial arrangement in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Leaf length, breadth, and the number of leaves were significantly increased at a lower plant population of 10,000 plants ha⁻¹ while herbage yield increased with a higher plant population of 20,000 plants ha⁻¹ using 300 kg ha⁻¹ inorganic NPK 15:15:15 or a combination of 10 t ha⁻¹ poultry manure + 150 kg ha⁻¹ inorganic NPK 15:15:15. Potassium (K) concentration was significantly (p < 0.05) higher at 10,000 plants ha⁻¹ and Iron (Fe) uptake was higher with combine application of organic and inorganic fertilizer (F3). To maximize the good herbage yield of fluted pumpkins, farmers in this locality should adopt a plant population of 20,000 plants ha⁻¹ using 300 kg ha⁻¹ inorganic NPK 15:15:15 (D2F2) or a combination of 10 t ha⁻¹ poultry manure + 150 kg ha⁻¹ inorganic NPK 15:15:15 (D2F3). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fertilizers" title="fertilizers">fertilizers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluted%20pumpkin" title=" fluted pumpkin"> fluted pumpkin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=herbage%20yield" title=" herbage yield"> herbage yield</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plant%20population" title=" plant population"> plant population</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154894/agronomic-response-of-fluted-pumpkin-telfairia-occidentalis-hook-f-to-planting-densities-and-fertilizer-application" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154894.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">188</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">456</span> Design and Synthesis of Gradient Nanocomposite Materials</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pu%20Ying-Chih">Pu Ying-Chih</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yang%20Yin-Ju"> Yang Yin-Ju</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hang%20Jian-Yi"> Hang Jian-Yi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jang%20Guang-Way"> Jang Guang-Way </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Organic-Inorganic hybrid materials consisting of graded distributions of inorganic nano particles in organic polymer matrices were successfully prepared by the sol-gel process. Optical and surface properties of the resulting nano composites can be manipulated by changing their compositions and nano particle distribution gradients. Applications of gradient nano composite materials include sealants for LED packaging and screen lenses for smartphones. Optical transparency, prism coupler, TEM, SEM, Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer (EDX), Izod impact strength, conductivity, pencil hardness, and thermogravimetric characterizations of the nano composites were performed and the results will be presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gradient" title="Gradient">Gradient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hybrid" title=" Hybrid"> Hybrid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nanocomposite" title=" Nanocomposite"> Nanocomposite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Organic-Inorganic" title=" Organic-Inorganic"> Organic-Inorganic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25011/design-and-synthesis-of-gradient-nanocomposite-materials" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25011.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">506</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">455</span> Transient Electrical Resistivity and Elastic Wave Velocity of Sand-Cement-Inorganic Binder Mixture</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kiza%20Rusati%20Pacifique">Kiza Rusati Pacifique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ki-il%20Song"> Ki-il Song</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The cement milk grout has been used for ground improvement. Due to the environmental issues related to cement, the reduction of cement usage is requesting. In this study, inorganic binder is introduced to reduce the use of cement contents for ground improvement. To evaluate transient electrical and mechanical properties of sand-cement-inorganic binder mixture, two non-destructive testing (NDT) methods, Electrical Resistivity (ER) and Free Free Resonant Column (FFRC) tests were adopted in addition to unconfined compressive strength test. Electrical resistivity, longitudinal wave velocity and damping ratio of sand-cement admixture samples improved with addition of inorganic binders were measured. Experimental tests were performed considering four different mixing ratios and three different cement contents depending on the curing time. Results show that mixing ratio and curing time have considerable effects on electrical and mechanical properties of mixture. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) decreases as the cement content decreases. However, sufficient grout strength can be obtained with increase of content of inorganic binder. From the results, it is found that the inorganic binder can be used to enhance the mechanical properties of mixture and reduce the cement content. It is expected that data and trends proposed in this study can be used as reference in predicting grouting quality in the field. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=damping%20ratio" title="damping ratio">damping ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20resistivity" title=" electrical resistivity"> electrical resistivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ground%20improvement" title=" ground improvement"> ground improvement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inorganic%20binder" title=" inorganic binder"> inorganic binder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=longitudinal%20wave%20velocity" title=" longitudinal wave velocity"> longitudinal wave velocity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unconfined%20compression%20strength" title=" unconfined compression strength"> unconfined compression strength</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78919/transient-electrical-resistivity-and-elastic-wave-velocity-of-sand-cement-inorganic-binder-mixture" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78919.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">344</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">454</span> Estimation of Serum Levels of Calcium and Inorganic Phosphorus in Breast Cancer Patients</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Safa%20Safdar">Safa Safdar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Breast cancer is a type of cancer which is developed by the formation of a tumor on the breast. This tumor invades and causes different electrolyte imbalance. The present study was designed to measure the serum calcium and inorganic phosphorous levels and to check the frequency of hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia in breast cancer patients. Serum calcium and phosphorous levels of fifty breast cancer women of 18-70 years of age group and fifty healthy women of same age group were measured by using semi-automated chemistry analyzer ( Humalyzer 3000, Human, Germany ). Significant variation in these levels was observed. The mean calcium value in BC patients was higher 9.398 mg/dl as compared to controls which were 8.694 mg/dl. Whereas the mean value of inorganic phosphorus level was lower 4.060 mg/dl in BC patients as compared to controls having 4.456 mg/dl. In this study, the frequency of hypercalcemia in Breast cancer patients was 10% i.e. only 10 out of 50 Breast cancer patients were suffering from hypercalcemia. Whereas the frequency of hypophosphatemia in this study was only 2 % i.e. only 1 out of 50 patients was suffering from hypophosphatemia. Thus it is concluded that there is a significant change in serum calcium and inorganic phosphorous levels in Breast cancer patients as the disease progresses. So, this study will be helpful for the clinicians to maintain serum calcium and phosphorous levels in Breast cancer patients and also preventing them from further complications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=serum%20analysis" title="serum analysis">serum analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calcium" title=" calcium"> calcium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inorganic%20phosphorus" title=" inorganic phosphorus"> inorganic phosphorus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hpercalcemia%20hypophosphatemia" title=" hpercalcemia hypophosphatemia"> hpercalcemia hypophosphatemia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65717/estimation-of-serum-levels-of-calcium-and-inorganic-phosphorus-in-breast-cancer-patients" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65717.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">293</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">453</span> Adoption of Inorganic Insecticides and Resistant Varieties among Cowpea Producers in Mubi Zone, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sabo%20Elizabeth">Sabo Elizabeth</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cowpea production is presently mainly done with inorganic insecticides, but the growing environmental problems linked with their use and the rising costs of the chemicals are stimulating all categories of stakeholders towards the adoption of less impacting practices. 611 respondents were interviewed between 2008 and 2009. Respondents are young adults and are fairly educated. Awareness is high about insecticide use, but is low for bio-pesticides and resistant varieties. Adoption of inorganic insecticides is related to age, educational level, and contacts with dealers. Low adoption rate for resistant varieties is associated with inadequate information and poor extension service. To adopt IPM techniques with limited health hazards and compatible with the environment, a properly designed extension program is consequently needed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vigna%20unguiculata" title="Vigna unguiculata">Vigna unguiculata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IPM" title=" IPM"> IPM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bio-pesticides" title=" bio-pesticides"> bio-pesticides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resistant%20varieties" title=" resistant varieties"> resistant varieties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extension" title=" extension"> extension</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29754/adoption-of-inorganic-insecticides-and-resistant-varieties-among-cowpea-producers-in-mubi-zone-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29754.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">331</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">452</span> Performance Evaluation of an Inventive Co2 Gas Separation Inorganic Ceramic Membrane System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ngozi%20Claribelle%20Nwogu">Ngozi Claribelle Nwogu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Nasir%20Kajama"> Mohammed Nasir Kajama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oyoh%20Kechinyere"> Oyoh Kechinyere</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edward%20Gobina"> Edward Gobina</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Atmospheric carbon dioxide emissions are considered as the greatest environmental challenge the world is facing today. The challenges to control the emissions include the recovery of CO2 from flue gas. This concern has been improved due to recent advances in materials process engineering resulting in the development of inorganic gas separation membranes with excellent thermal and mechanical stability required for most gas separations. This paper therefore evaluates the performance of a highly selective inorganic membrane for CO2 recovery applications. Analysis of results obtained is in agreement with experimental literature data. Further results show the prediction performance of the membranes for gas separation and the future direction of research. The materials selection and the membrane preparation techniques are discussed. Method of improving the interface defects in the membrane and its effect on the separation performance has also been reviewed and in addition advances to totally exploit the potential usage of this innovative membrane. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20dioxide" title="carbon dioxide">carbon dioxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20separation" title=" gas separation"> gas separation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inorganic%20ceramic%20membrane" title=" inorganic ceramic membrane"> inorganic ceramic membrane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=permselectivity" title=" permselectivity"> permselectivity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25961/performance-evaluation-of-an-inventive-co2-gas-separation-inorganic-ceramic-membrane-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25961.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">344</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">451</span> A Ratiometric Inorganic Phosphate Sensor Based on CdSe/ZnS QDs and Rhodamine 6G-Doped Nanofibers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hong%20Dinh%20Duong">Hong Dinh Duong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jong%20Il%20Rhee"> Jong Il Rhee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, a ratiometric inorganic phosphate sensor was fabricated by a double layer of the rhodamine 6G-doped nanofibers and the CdSe/ZnS QDs-captured polymer. In which, CdSe/ZnS QDs with emission wavelengths of 595nm were synthesized and ligands on their surface were exchanged with mercaptopropionic acid (MPA). The synthesized MPA-QDs were combined with the mixture of sol-gel of 3-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane (GPTMS), 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS) and polyurethane (PU) to build a layer for sensing inorganic phosphate. Another sensing layer was of nanofibers doped R6G which were produced from poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) by electrospining. The ratio of fluorescence intensities between rhodamin 6G (R6G) and CdSe/ZnS QDs exposed at different phosphate concentrations was used for calculating a linear phosphate concentration range of 0-10mM. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanofiber" title="nanofiber">nanofiber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=QDs" title=" QDs"> QDs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ratiometric%20phosphate%20sensor" title=" ratiometric phosphate sensor"> ratiometric phosphate sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rhodamine%206G" title=" rhodamine 6G"> rhodamine 6G</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sol-gel" title=" sol-gel"> sol-gel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36346/a-ratiometric-inorganic-phosphate-sensor-based-on-cdsezns-qds-and-rhodamine-6g-doped-nanofibers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36346.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">409</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">450</span> Water Vapor Oxidization of NiO for a Hole Transport Layer in All Inorganic QD-LED</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaeun%20Park">Jaeun Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daekyoung%20Kim"> Daekyoung Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ho%20Kyoon%20Chung"> Ho Kyoon Chung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heeyeop%20Chae"> Heeyeop Chae</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Quantum dots light-emitting diodes (QD-LEDs) have been considered as the next generation display and lighting devices due to their excellent color purity, photo-stability solution process possibility and good device stability. Currently typical quantum dot light emitting diodes contain organic layers such as PEDOT:PSS and PVK for charge transport layers. To make quantum dot light emitting diodes (QD-LED) more stable, it is required to replace those acidic and relatively unstable organic charge transport layers with inorganic materials. Therefore all inorganic and solution processed quantum dot light emitting diodes can potentially be a solution to stable and cost-effective display devices. We studied solution processed NiO films to replace organic charge transport layers that are required for stable all-inorganic based light emitting diodes. The transition metal oxides can be made by various vacuum and solution processes, but the solution processes are considered more cost-effective than vacuum processes. In this work we investigated solution processed NiOx for a hole transport layer (HTL). NiOx, has valence band energy levels of 5.3eV and they are easy to make sol-gel solutions. Water vapor oxidation process was developed and applied to solution processed all-inorganic QD-LED. Turn-on voltage, luminance and current efficiency of QD in this work were 5V, 1800Cd/m2 and 0.5Cd/A, respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=QD-LED" title="QD-LED">QD-LED</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal%20oxide%20solution" title=" metal oxide solution"> metal oxide solution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NiO" title=" NiO"> NiO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=all-inorganic%20QD-LED%20device" title=" all-inorganic QD-LED device"> all-inorganic QD-LED device</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17283/water-vapor-oxidization-of-nio-for-a-hole-transport-layer-in-all-inorganic-qd-led" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17283.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">750</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">449</span> Microbiological Analysis of Soil from Onu-Ebonyi Contaminated with Inorganic Fertilizer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20N.%20Alo">M. N. Alo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=U.%20C.%20C.%20Egbule"> U. C. C. Egbule</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20O.%20Orji"> J. O. Orji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20J.%20Aneke"> C. J. Aneke</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Microbiological analysis of soil from Onu-Ebonyi Izzi local government area of Ebonyi State, Nigeria contaminated with inorganic fertilizer was carried out with a view to determine the effect of the fertilizer on the microbial flora of the soil. soil samples were analyzed for microbial burden. the result showed that the following organisms were isolated with their frequency of their occurrence as follows:pseudomonas species (33.3%) and aspergillus species (54.4%) had the highest frequncy of occurence in the whole sample of batches, while streptococcus species had 6.0% and Geotrichum species (5.3%) had the least and other predominant microorganism isolated: bacillus species,staphylococcus species and vibrio species, Escherichia species, rhzizopus species, mucor species and fusaruim species. From the result, it could be concluded that the soil was contaminated and this could affect adversely the fertility of the soil . <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil" title="soil">soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bacteria" title=" bacteria"> bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fungi" title=" fungi"> fungi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inorganic%20fertilizer" title=" inorganic fertilizer"> inorganic fertilizer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Onu-%20Ebonyi" title=" Onu- Ebonyi "> Onu- Ebonyi </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15269/microbiological-analysis-of-soil-from-onu-ebonyi-contaminated-with-inorganic-fertilizer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15269.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">512</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">448</span> Changes in Inorganic Element Contents in Potamogeton Natans Exposed to Cement Factory Pollution</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yavuz%20Demir">Yavuz Demir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mucip%20Genisel"> Mucip Genisel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hulya%20Turk"> Hulya Turk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Turgay%20Sisman"> Turgay Sisman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Serkan%20Erdal"> Serkan Erdal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, the changes in contents of inorganic elements in the aquatic plant (Potamogeton natans) as a reflection of the impact of chemical nature pollution in a cement factory region (CFR) was evaluated. For this purpose, P, S, K, Ca, Fe, Cl, Mn, Cu, Zn, Mo, Ni, Si, Al, and Cd concentrations were measured in the aquatic plant (Potamogeton natans) taken from a CFR. As a control, aquatic plant was collected at a distance of 2000 m from the outer zone of the cement factory. Inorganic element compositions were measured by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (EDXRF). Three aquatic plant exhibited similar changes in contents of microelements and macroelements in their leaves. P, S, K, Cl, Ca, and Mo contents in plant grown in the CFR were reduced significantly compared to control plant, whereas their contents of Al, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn and Cd were very high. According to these findings, it is possible that aquatic plant (Potamogeton natans) inhabiting in the vicinity of cement factory sustains the deficiency of important essential elements like P, S, K, Ca, and Mo and greatly accumulate heavy metals like Al, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Cd. In addition, results of water analysis showed that heavy metal content such as Cu, Pb, Zn, Co, and Al of water taken from CFR was remarkably high than that of outer zone of CFR. These findings with relation to changes in inorganic composition can contribute to be elucidated of effect mechanism on growth and development of aquatic plant (Potamogeton natans) of pollution resulted from cement factories. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aquatic%20plant" title="aquatic plant">aquatic plant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cement%20factory" title=" cement factory"> cement factory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metal%20pollution" title=" heavy metal pollution"> heavy metal pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inorganic%20element" title=" inorganic element"> inorganic element</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Potamogeton%20natans" title=" Potamogeton natans "> Potamogeton natans </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45228/changes-in-inorganic-element-contents-in-potamogeton-natans-exposed-to-cement-factory-pollution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45228.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">274</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">447</span> Upcycling of Inorganic Waste: Lessons Learned and Outlook for the Future</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miroslava%20Hujov%C3%A1">Miroslava Hujová</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Patricia%20%20Rabello%20Monich"> Patricia Rabello Monich</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jozef%20%20Kraxner"> Jozef Kraxner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dusan%20Galusek"> Dusan Galusek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Enrico%20Bernardo"> Enrico Bernardo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Inorganic waste upcycling offers a solution how to avoid landfilling and how to save raw materials at the same time. However, its practical implementations in Slovakia and elsewhere in Europe, are rather limited despite the potential smaller countries like Slovakia have their advantage in closely-knitted inorganic materials industry. One part of discussion should include an overview of wastes that can be possibly used for upcycling, i.e. fly ashes, red mud, glass cullets, vitrified bottom ashes etc. These wastes can be processed by a variety of strategies, the one of our choice, alkali activation, opens the possibility for the formation of novel materials at almost negligible energetic expense. In the research, these materials are characterized by comprehensive means (X-Ray Fluorescece, Diffraction methods, Thermal Analysis, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Mechanical tests and Chemical stability), which time and time again demonstrate their competitive properties against traditional materials available at the market. It is just a question for discussion why these materials do not receive more significant attention from industry and there is pressing interest for the solution of standing situation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=upcycling" title="upcycling">upcycling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inorganic%20wastes" title=" inorganic wastes"> inorganic wastes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glass%20ceramics" title=" glass ceramics"> glass ceramics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alkali-activation" title=" alkali-activation"> alkali-activation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133986/upcycling-of-inorganic-waste-lessons-learned-and-outlook-for-the-future" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133986.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">137</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">446</span> A Comparative Analysis of the Private and Social Benefit-Cost Ratios of Organic and Inorganic Rice Farming: Case Study of Smallholder Farmers in the Aveyime Community, Ghana</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jerome%20E.%20Abiemo">Jerome E. Abiemo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Takeshi%20Mizunoya"> Takeshi Mizunoya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Aveyime community in the Volta region of Ghana is one of the major hubs for rice production. In the past, rice farmers applied organic pesticides to control pests, and compost as a soil amendment to improve fertility and productivity. However, the introduction of chemical pesticides and fertilizers have led many farmers to convert to inorganic system of rice production, without considering the social costs (e.g. groundwater contamination and health costs) related to the use of pesticides. The study estimates and compares the private and social BCRs of organic and inorganic systems of rice production. Both stratified and simple random sampling techniques were employed to select 300 organic and inorganic rice farmers and 50 pesticide applicators. The respondents were interviewed with pre-tested questionnaires. The Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) which elucidates organic farmers` Willingness-to-Pay (WTP) was employed to estimate the cost of groundwater contamination. The Cost of Illness (COI) analysis was used to estimate the health cost of pesticide-induced poisoning of applicators. The data collated, was analyzed with the aid of Microsoft excel. The study found that high private benefit (e.g. increase in farm yield and income) was the most influential factor for the rapid adoption of pesticides among rice farmers. The study also shows that the social costs of inorganic rice production were high. As such the social BCR of inorganic farming (0.2) was low as compared to organic farming (0.7). Based on the results, it was recommended that government should impose pesticide environmental tax, review current agricultural policies to favour organic farming and promote extension education to farmers on pesticide risk, to ensure agricultural and environmental sustainability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=benefit-cost-ratio%20%28BCR%29" title="benefit-cost-ratio (BCR)">benefit-cost-ratio (BCR)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inorganic%20farming" title=" inorganic farming"> inorganic farming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pesticides" title=" pesticides"> pesticides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20cost" title=" social cost"> social cost</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68341/a-comparative-analysis-of-the-private-and-social-benefit-cost-ratios-of-organic-and-inorganic-rice-farming-case-study-of-smallholder-farmers-in-the-aveyime-community-ghana" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68341.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">477</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">445</span> Detoxification of Hazardous Organic/Inorganic Contaminants in Automobile Shredder Residue by Multi-Functioned Nano-Size Metallic Calcium Composite</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Srinivasa%20Reddy%20Mallampati">Srinivasa Reddy Mallampati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Byoung%20Ho%20Lee"> Byoung Ho Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yoshiharu%20Mitoma"> Yoshiharu Mitoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Simion%20Cristian"> Simion Cristian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, environmental nanotechnology has risen to the forefront and the new properties and enhanced reactivates offered by nanomaterial may offer a new, low-cost paradigm to solving complex environmental pollution problems. This study assessed the synthesis and application of multi-functioned nano-size metallic calcium (nMC) composite for detoxification of hazardous inorganic (heavy metals (HMs)/organic chlorinated/brominated compound (CBCs) contaminants in automobile shredder residue (ASR). ASR residues ball milled with nMC composite can achieve about 90-100% of HMs immobilization and CBCs decomposition. The results highlight the low quantity of HMs leached from ASR residues after treatment with nMC, which was found to be lower than the standard regulatory limit for hazardous waste landfills. The use of nMC composite in a mechanochemical process to treat hazardous ASR (dry conditions) is a simple and innovative approach to remediate hazardous inorganic/organic cross-contaminates in ASR. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano-sized%20metallic%20calcium" title="nano-sized metallic calcium">nano-sized metallic calcium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automobile%20shredder%20residue" title=" automobile shredder residue"> automobile shredder residue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%2Finorganic%20contaminants" title=" organic/inorganic contaminants"> organic/inorganic contaminants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immobilization" title=" immobilization"> immobilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=detoxification" title=" detoxification"> detoxification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72507/detoxification-of-hazardous-organicinorganic-contaminants-in-automobile-shredder-residue-by-multi-functioned-nano-size-metallic-calcium-composite" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72507.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">227</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">444</span> First-Principles Study of Inter-Cage Interactions in Inorganic Molecular Crystals</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Majid">Abdul Majid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alia%20Jabeen"> Alia Jabeen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nimra%20Zulifqar"> Nimra Zulifqar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The inorganic molecular crystal (IMCs) due to their unusual structure has grabbed a lot of attention due to anisotropy in crystal structure. The IMCs consist of the molecular structures joined together via weak forces. Therefore, a difference between the bonding between the inter-cage and intra-cage interactions exists. To look closely at the bonding and interactions, we investigated interactions between two cages of Sb2O3 structure. The interactions were characterized via Extended Transition State-Natural Orbital for Chemical Valence-method (ETS-NOCV), Natural Bond Orbitals (NBO) and Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM). The results revealed strong intra-cage covalent bonding while weak van der Waals (vdWs) interactions along inter-cages exits. This structure cannot be termed as layered material although they have anisotropy in bonding and presence of weak vdWs interactions but its bulk is termed as inorganic layered clusters. This is due to the fact that the free standing sheet/films with these materials are not possible. This type of structures may be the most feasible to be used for the system to deal with high pressures and stress bearing materials. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inorganic%20molecular%20crystals" title="inorganic molecular crystals">inorganic molecular crystals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=density%20functional%20theory" title=" density functional theory"> density functional theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cages" title=" cages"> cages</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interactions" title=" interactions"> interactions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161848/first-principles-study-of-inter-cage-interactions-in-inorganic-molecular-crystals" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161848.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">93</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">443</span> Influence of Different Ripening Agents on the Shelf-Life and Microbial Load of Organic and Inorganic Musaceae, during the Ripening Process, and the Health Implication for Food Security</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wisdom%20Robert%20Duruji">Wisdom Robert Duruji</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Local farmers and fruit processors in developing countries of West Africa use different ripening agents to accelerate the ripening process of plantain and banana. This study reports on the influence of different ripening agents on the shelf-life and microbial load of organic and inorganic plantain (Musa paradisiaca) and banana (Musa sapientum) during ripening process and the health implication for food security in Nigeria. The experiment consisted of four treatments, namely: Calcium carbide, Irvingia gabonensis fruits, Newbouldia laevis leaves and a control, where no ripening agent was applied to the fingers of plantain and banana. The unripe and ripened plantain and banana were subjected to microbial analysis by isolating their micro flora (Bacteria, Yeast and Mould) using pour plate method. Microbes present in the samples were enumerated, characterized and classified to genera and species. The result indicated that the microbial load of inorganic plantain from (Urban day) open market in Ile-Ife increased from 8.00 for unripe to 12.11 cfu/g for ripened; and the microbial load of organic plantain from Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching and Research Farm (OAUTRF) increased from 6.00 for unripe to 11.60 cfu/g for ripened. Also, the microbial load of inorganic banana from (Urban day) open market in Ile-Ife increased from 8.00 for unripe to 11.50 cfu/g for ripened; while the microbial load of organic banana from OAUTRF increased from 6.50 for unripe to 9.40 cfu/g for ripened. The microbial effects of the ripening agents increased from 10.00 for control to 16.00 cfu/g for treated (ripened) organic and inorganic plantain; while that of organic and inorganic banana increased from 7.50 for control to 14.50 cfu/g for ripened. Visual observation for the presence of fungal colonies and deterioration rates were monitored till seven days after the plantain and banana fingers have fully ripened. Inorganic plantain and banana from (Urban day) open market in Ile-Ife are more contaminated than organic plantain and banana fingers from OAUTRF. The ripening accelerators reduced the shelf life, increased senescence, and microbial load of plantain and banana. This study concluded that organic Agriculture is better and microbial friendlier than inorganic farming. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20agriculture" title="organic agriculture">organic agriculture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20security" title=" food security"> food security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Musaceae" title=" Musaceae"> Musaceae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calcium%20carbide" title=" calcium carbide"> calcium carbide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irvingia%20gabonensis" title=" Irvingia gabonensis"> Irvingia gabonensis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Newbouldia%20laevis" title=" Newbouldia laevis"> Newbouldia laevis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45640/influence-of-different-ripening-agents-on-the-shelf-life-and-microbial-load-of-organic-and-inorganic-musaceae-during-the-ripening-process-and-the-health-implication-for-food-security" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45640.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">584</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">442</span> Impact of Organic Fertilizer, Inorganic Fertilizer and Soil Conditioner on Growth and Yield of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) in Sudan Savannah, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Bello%20Sokoto">Mohammed Bello Sokoto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adewumi%20Babatunde%20Adebayo"> Adewumi Babatunde Adebayo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ajit%20Singh"> Ajit Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The field experiment was conducted at the dry land Teaching and Research Farm of Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, during the 2023 rainy season to determine the effects of organic, inorganic, soil conditioner and integrated use of soil conditioners (Agzyme) with organic (super gro) and inorganic fertilizers on the growth and yield of cowpea varieties. The research consisted of two cowpea varieties (SAMPEA-20-T and ex-GidanYunfa) and six combinations of organic and inorganic fertilizers and soil conditioners factorially combined and laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) replicated three times. Data were collected on plant height, leaf area index, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, days to 50% flowering, grain yield, and 100 seed weight. Results indicated that the 100% inorganic fertilizer had a significantly increased growth parameter such as plant height and number of leaves, while combined application of the organic fertilizer and soil conditioner resulted in a significant increase in yield parameters such as number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, 100 seed weight and grain yield. The study observed that the use of soil conditioner in combination with fertilizers supports sustainable cowpea production. Application of 50% recommended inorganic + 50% soil conditioner or 50% liquid organic + 50% soil conditioner was better in increasing the number of pods/plant, seeds/pod, 100 seed weight and grain yield. The ex-Gidan Yunfa cowpea variety generally performed better in most parameters measured, such as plant height, days to 50% flowering, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, 100 seed weight and grain yield. Therefore, the combined application of 50% recommended inorganic + 50% soil conditioner or 50% liquid organic + 50% soil conditioner is effective for the sustainable production of cowpeas. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integrated" title="integrated">integrated</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fertilizers" title=" fertilizers"> fertilizers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=growth" title=" growth"> growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yield" title=" yield"> yield</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cowpea" title=" cowpea"> cowpea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sudan%20Savannah" title=" Sudan Savannah"> Sudan Savannah</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186529/impact-of-organic-fertilizer-inorganic-fertilizer-and-soil-conditioner-on-growth-and-yield-of-cowpea-vigna-unguiculata-l-walp-in-sudan-savannah-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186529.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">46</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">441</span> Slow and Controlled Release Fertilizer Technology via Application of Plant-available Inorganic Coatings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eugene%20Rybin">Eugene Rybin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Reduction of nutrient losses when using mineral fertilizers is a very important and urgent challenge, which is of both economic and environmental significance. This paper shows the production of slow- and controlled release fertilizers through application of inorganic coatings, which make the released nutrients plant-available. The method of production of coated fertilizers with inorganic cover material is an alternative to other methods where polymer coatings are used. The method is based on spraying an aqueous slurry onto the surface of granules with simultaneous drying in drums under certain conditions and subsequent cooling of granules. This method of production of slow- and controlled-release fertilizers is more ecofriendly compared with others because inorganic materials are used to create a membrane. That is why the coating material is definitely biodegradable. There is also shown the effect of these coatings on the properties of fertilizers, as well as on the agrochemical efficiency and nutrient efficiency/ availability to the plants. The agrochemical tests have proved the increase of nutrient efficiency for every nutrient in compound fertilizers (NPK, NPS) for 3 consecutive years by 10-20 % and by 25-28% for urea, as well as an increase in crop yield, by 10-15% in general, and its quality. Moreover, the decrease in caking by almost 70% was proven as well as slowing down the release rate of nutrients from fertilizers. Control of the release rate was achieved by regulation of thickness and contents of coating materials. All of those characteristics were researched according to the standard-used methods. The performed research has developed the fertilizer technology of slow- and controlled release of nutrients through applying of plant-available inorganic coatings. It leads to a better synchronization of nutrient release rate and plants needs, as well as reduces the harmful effects on the environment from the fertilizers applied. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=controlled%20release" title="controlled release">controlled release</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fertilizers" title=" fertilizers"> fertilizers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutrients" title=" nutrients"> nutrients</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plant-available%20coatings" title=" plant-available coatings"> plant-available coatings</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159617/slow-and-controlled-release-fertilizer-technology-via-application-of-plant-available-inorganic-coatings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159617.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">97</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">440</span> Optical and Dielectric Properties of Self-Assembled 0D Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Insulator</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Kassou">S. Kassou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20El%20Mrabet"> R. El Mrabet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Belaaraj"> A. Belaaraj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Guionneau"> P. Guionneau</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Hadi"> N. Hadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Lamcharfi"> T. Lamcharfi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite-like [C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>]<sub>2</sub>ZnCl<sub>4</sub> (PEA-ZnCl<sub>4</sub>) was synthesized by saturated solutions method. X-ray powder diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, UV-visible transmittance, and capacitance meter measurements have been used to characterize the structure, the functional groups, the optical parameters, and the dielectric constants of the material. The material has a layered structure. The optical transmittance (T %) was recorded and applied to deduce the absorption coefficient (α) and optical band gap (Eg). The hybrid shows an insulator character with a direct band gap about 4.46 eV, and presents high dielectric constants up to a frequency of about 10<sup>5</sup> Hz, which suggests a ferroelectric behavior. The reported optical and dielectric properties can help to understand the fundamental properties of perovskite materials and also to be used for optimizing or designing new devices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dielectric%20constants" title="dielectric constants">dielectric constants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20band%20gap%20%28eg%29" title=" optical band gap (eg)"> optical band gap (eg)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20parameters" title=" optical parameters"> optical parameters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raman%20spectroscopy" title=" Raman spectroscopy"> Raman spectroscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-assembly%20organic%20inorganic%20hybrid" title=" self-assembly organic inorganic hybrid"> self-assembly organic inorganic hybrid</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65237/optical-and-dielectric-properties-of-self-assembled-0d-hybrid-organic-inorganic-insulator" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65237.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">404</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">439</span> Efficiency of an Algae-Zinc Complex Compared to Inorganic Zinc Sulfate on Broilers Performance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Boulmane">R. Boulmane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Alleno"> C. Alleno</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Marzin"> D. Marzin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Trace minerals play an essential role in vital processes and are essential to many biological and physiological functions of the animal. They are usually incorporated in the form of inorganic salts such as sulfates and oxides. Most of these inorganic salts are excreted undigested by the animal causing economic losses as well as environmental pollution. In this context, the use of alternative organic trace minerals with higher bioavailability is emerging. This study was set up to evaluate the effect of using an algae-zinc complex in replacement of zinc sulfate in the feed, on growth performance of broiler chickens. One-thousand-two-hundred 1-day-old chicks were randomly distributed to 30 pens, allocated to 1 of 3 groups receiving different diets: the standard diet containing 35ppm of inorganic zinc sulfate (C+), a test diet containing 35ppm of algae-based zinc (T+), and a test diet containing half dose (16ppm) of algae-based zinc (T-). Three different feeds were distributed from D0-D11, D11-D21 and D21-D35. Individual weighing of the animals (D21 and D35), feed consumption (D11, D21 and D35) and pododermatitis occurrence (D35) were monitored. Data were submitted to analysis of variance. Results show that in finishing period the ADWG of the T+ and T- groups are significantly higher than the control C+ (+6%, P = 0.03). On the other hand, the FCR for the total period is lower for both the T+ and T- groups than the control C+ (-1.2%, P = 0.04). Pododermatitis scoring also shows less lesions for the test groups with algae-based zinc compared to the control group receiving inorganic one. In the end, this study shows a positive effect of the algae zinc-complex on growth performance of broilers compared to inorganic zinc, both when using full dose (35 ppm) or half dose (16 ppm). The use of algae-zinc complex in the premix shows to be a good alternative to reduce zinc excretion while maintaining performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=algae-zinc%20complex" title="algae-zinc complex">algae-zinc complex</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=broiler%20performance" title=" broiler performance"> broiler performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20trace%20minerals" title=" organic trace minerals"> organic trace minerals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zinc%20sulfate" title=" zinc sulfate"> zinc sulfate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93314/efficiency-of-an-algae-zinc-complex-compared-to-inorganic-zinc-sulfate-on-broilers-performance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93314.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">241</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">438</span> Evaluation of Different Cropping Systems under Organic, Inorganic and Integrated Production Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sidramappa%20Gaddnakeri">Sidramappa Gaddnakeri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lokanath%20Malligawad"> Lokanath Malligawad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Any kind of research on production technology of individual crop / commodity /breed has not brought sustainability or stability in crop production. The sustainability of the system over years depends on the maintenance of the soil health. Organic production system includes use of organic manures, biofertilizers, green manuring for nutrient supply and biopesticides for plant protection helps to sustain the productivity even under adverse climatic condition. The study was initiated to evaluate the performance of different cropping systems under organic, inorganic and integrated production systems at The Institute of Organic Farming, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad (Karnataka-India) under ICAR Network Project on Organic Farming. The trial was conducted for four years (2013-14 to 2016-17) on fixed site. Five cropping systems viz., sequence cropping of cowpea – safflower, greengram– rabi sorghum, maize-bengalgram, sole cropping of pigeonpea and intercropping of groundnut + cotton were evaluated under six nutrient management practices. The nutrient management practices are NM1 (100% Organic farming (Organic manures equivalent to 100% N (Cereals/cotton) or 100% P2O5 (Legumes), NM2 (75% Organic farming (Organic manures equivalent to 75% N (Cereals/cotton) or 100% P2O5 (Legumes) + Cow urine and Vermi-wash application), NM3 (Integrated farming (50% Organic + 50% Inorganic nutrients, NM4 (Integrated farming (75% Organic + 25% Inorganic nutrients, NM5 (100% Inorganic farming (Recommended dose of inorganic fertilizers)) and NM6 (Recommended dose of inorganic fertilizers + Recommended rate of farm yard manure (FYM). Among the cropping systems evaluated for different production systems indicated that the Groundnut + Hybrid cotton (2:1) intercropping system found more remunerative as compared to Sole pigeonpea cropping system, Greengram-Sorghum sequence cropping system, Maize-Chickpea sequence cropping system and Cowpea-Safflower sequence cropping system irrespective of the production systems. Production practices involving application of recommended rates of fertilizers + recommended rates of organic manures (Farmyard manure) produced higher net monetary returns and higher B:C ratio as compared to integrated production system involving application of 50 % organics + 50 % inorganic and application of 75 % organics + 25 % inorganic and organic production system only Both the two organic production systems viz., 100 % Organic production system (Organic manures equivalent to 100 % N (Cereals/cotton) or 100 % P2O5 (Legumes) and 75 % Organic production system (Organic manures equivalent to 75 % N (Cereals) or 100 % P2O5 (Legumes) + Cow urine and Vermi-wash application) are found to be on par. Further, integrated production system involving application of organic manures and inorganic fertilizers found more beneficial over organic production systems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cropping%20systems" title="cropping systems">cropping systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=production%20systems" title=" production systems"> production systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cowpea" title=" cowpea"> cowpea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=safflower" title=" safflower"> safflower</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=greengram" title=" greengram"> greengram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pigeonpea" title=" pigeonpea"> pigeonpea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=groundnut" title=" groundnut"> groundnut</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cotton" title=" cotton"> cotton</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81225/evaluation-of-different-cropping-systems-under-organic-inorganic-and-integrated-production-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81225.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">199</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">437</span> Micro-Filtration with an Inorganic Membrane</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benyamina">Benyamina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ouldabess"> Ouldabess</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bensalah"> Bensalah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study is to use membrane technique for filtration of a coloring solution. the preparation of the micro-filtration membranes is based on a natural clay powder with a low cost, deposited on macro-porous ceramic supports. The micro-filtration membrane provided a very large permeation flow. Indeed, the filtration effectiveness of membrane was proved by the total discoloration of bromothymol blue solution with initial concentration of 10-3 mg/L after the first minutes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20inorganic%20membrane" title="the inorganic membrane">the inorganic membrane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro-filtration" title=" micro-filtration"> micro-filtration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coloring%20solution" title=" coloring solution"> coloring solution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20clay%20powder" title=" natural clay powder"> natural clay powder</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25743/micro-filtration-with-an-inorganic-membrane" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25743.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">513</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">436</span> The Effects of Organic or Inorganic Zinc and Microbial Phytase, Alone or in Combination, on the Performance, Biochemical Parameters and Nutrient Utilization of Broilers Fed a Diet Low in Available Phosphorus</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mustafa%20Midilli">Mustafa Midilli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mustafa%20Salman"> Mustafa Salman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omer%20Hakan%20Muglali"> Omer Hakan Muglali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T%C3%BClay%20%C3%96gretmen"> Tülay Ögretmen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sena%20Cenesiz"> Sena Cenesiz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neslihan%20Ormanci"> Neslihan Ormanci</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study examined the effects of zinc (Zn) from different sources and microbial phytase on the broiler performance, biochemical parameters and digestibility of nutrients when they were added to broiler diets containing low available phosphorus. A total of 875, 1-day-old male broilers of the Ross 308 strain were randomly separated into two control groups (positive and negative) and five treatment groups each containing 125 birds; each group was divided into 5 replicates of 25 birds. The positive control (PC) group was fed a diet containing adequate concentration (0.45%) of available phosphorus due to mineral premix (except zinc) and feeds. The negative control (NC) group was fed a basal diet including low concentration (0.30%) of available phosphorus due to mineral premix (except zinc) and feeds. The basal diet was supplemented with 0.30% phosphorus and 500 FTU phytase (PH); 0.30% phosphorus and organic zinc (OZ; 75mg/kg of Zn from Zn-proteinate); 0.30% phosphorus and inorganic zinc (IZ; 75 mg/kg of Zn from ZnSO4); 0.30% phosphorus, organic zinc and 500 FTU phytase (OZ + PH); and 0.30% phosphorus, inorganic zinc and 500 FTU phytase (IZ + PH) in the treatment groups 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, respectively. The lowest value for mean body weight was in the negative control group on a diet containing low available phosphorus. The use of supplementation with organic and inorganic zinc alone or in combination with microbial phytase significantly (P<0.05) increased the digestibility of Zn in the male broilers. Supplementation of those diets with OZ + PH or IZ + PH was very effective for increasing the body weight, body weight gain and the feed conversion ratio. In conclusion, the effects on broilers of diets with low phosphorus levels may be overcome by the addition of inorganic or organic zinc compounds in combination with microbial phytase. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=broiler" title="broiler">broiler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance" title=" performance"> performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phytase" title=" phytase"> phytase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phosphorus" title=" phosphorus"> phosphorus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zinc" title=" zinc"> zinc</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6134/the-effects-of-organic-or-inorganic-zinc-and-microbial-phytase-alone-or-in-combination-on-the-performance-biochemical-parameters-and-nutrient-utilization-of-broilers-fed-a-diet-low-in-available-phosphorus" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6134.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">433</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inorganic&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inorganic&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inorganic&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inorganic&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inorganic&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inorganic&page=7">7</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inorganic&page=8">8</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inorganic&page=9">9</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inorganic&page=10">10</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">...</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inorganic&page=15">15</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inorganic&page=16">16</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inorganic&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>