乇丐賷丞丨賵賱丕賱兀賲賳丕賱賯賵賲賷丕賱賮賱爻胤賷賳賷

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr" prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns#"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <script async src="/sites/default/files/google_analytics/gtag.js?snf61s"></script> <script>window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments)};gtag("js", new Date());gtag("set", "developer_id.dMDhkMT", true);gtag("config", "G-E4VEPPH1FE", {"groups":"default","link_attribution":true,"page_location":location.pathname + location.search + location.hash});</script> <link rel="canonical" href="http://studies.aljazeera.net/ar/article/5959" /> <link rel="image_src" href="http://studies.aljazeera.net/sites/default/files/articles/2024-07/web%20%284%29.jpg" /> <meta name="description" content="氐丿乇毓賳賲乇賰夭丕賱噩夭賷乇丞賱賱丿乇丕爻丕鬲貙丕賱賷賵賲 (丕賱兀賵賱賲賳賷賵賱賷賵/鬲賲賵夭 2024)貙賰鬲丕亘噩丿賷丿亘毓賳賵丕賳 "乇丐賷丞丨賵賱丕賱兀賲賳丕賱賯賵賲賷丕賱賮賱爻胤賷賳賷: 丕賱賲賮賴賵賲貙丕賱鬲丨丿賷丕鬲貙丕賱賮乇氐貙爻亘賱丕賱鬲毓夭賷夭"貙賱賲丐賱賮賴貙丕賱亘丕丨孬丕賱賮賱爻胤賷賳賷貙毓賱丕亍丕賱賳噩丕乇. 賷爻賱賾賽胤丕賱賰鬲丕亘丕賱囟賵亍毓賱賶賲賮賴賵賲丕賱兀賲賳丕賱賯賵賲賷貙賵賷爻鬲毓乇囟賮賷賴匕丕丕賱爻賷丕賯丕賱賲賯丕乇亘丕鬲丕賱賳馗乇賷丞賱賴匕丕丕賱賲賮賴賵賲貨賱丕爻賷賲丕賲賳夭賵丕賷丕丕賱禺氐丕卅氐賵丕賱兀亘毓丕丿賵丕賱賲爻鬲賵賷丕鬲賵丕賱賮乇氐賵丕賱鬲丨丿賷丕鬲貙賮囟賱賸丕毓賳丕爻鬲毓乇丕囟賴賱賲賯丕乇亘丕鬲丕賱丿賵賱丕賱氐睾乇賶賱鬲丨賯賷賯兀賲賳賴丕丕賱賯賵賲賷." /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Al Jazeera Centre for Studies" /> <meta property="og:url" content="http://studies.aljazeera.net/ar/article/5959" /> <meta property="og:title" content="乇丐賷丞丨賵賱丕賱兀賲賳丕賱賯賵賲賷丕賱賮賱爻胤賷賳賷 | Al Jazeera Centre for Studies" /> <meta property="og:description" content="氐丿乇毓賳賲乇賰夭丕賱噩夭賷乇丞賱賱丿乇丕爻丕鬲貙丕賱賷賵賲 (丕賱兀賵賱賲賳賷賵賱賷賵/鬲賲賵夭 2024)貙賰鬲丕亘噩丿賷丿亘毓賳賵丕賳 "乇丐賷丞丨賵賱丕賱兀賲賳丕賱賯賵賲賷丕賱賮賱爻胤賷賳賷: 丕賱賲賮賴賵賲貙丕賱鬲丨丿賷丕鬲貙丕賱賮乇氐貙爻亘賱丕賱鬲毓夭賷夭"貙賱賲丐賱賮賴貙丕賱亘丕丨孬丕賱賮賱爻胤賷賳賷貙毓賱丕亍丕賱賳噩丕乇. 賷爻賱賾賽胤丕賱賰鬲丕亘丕賱囟賵亍毓賱賶賲賮賴賵賲丕賱兀賲賳丕賱賯賵賲賷貙賵賷爻鬲毓乇囟賮賷賴匕丕丕賱爻賷丕賯丕賱賲賯丕乇亘丕鬲丕賱賳馗乇賷丞賱賴匕丕丕賱賲賮賴賵賲貨賱丕爻賷賲丕賲賳夭賵丕賷丕丕賱禺氐丕卅氐賵丕賱兀亘毓丕丿賵丕賱賲爻鬲賵賷丕鬲賵丕賱賮乇氐賵丕賱鬲丨丿賷丕鬲貙賮囟賱賸丕毓賳丕爻鬲毓乇丕囟賴賱賲賯丕乇亘丕鬲丕賱丿賵賱丕賱氐睾乇賶賱鬲丨賯賷賯兀賲賳賴丕丕賱賯賵賲賷." /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://studies.aljazeera.net/sites/default/files/articles/2024-07/web%20%284%29.jpg" /> <meta 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margin-bottom: 8px;">氐丿乇毓賳賲乇賰夭丕賱噩夭賷乇丞賱賱丿乇丕爻丕鬲貙丕賱賷賵賲 (丕賱兀賵賱賲賳賷賵賱賷賵/鬲賲賵夭 2024)貙賰鬲丕亘噩丿賷丿亘毓賳賵丕賳 "乇丐賷丞丨賵賱丕賱兀賲賳丕賱賯賵賲賷丕賱賮賱爻胤賷賳賷: 丕賱賲賮賴賵賲貙丕賱鬲丨丿賷丕鬲貙丕賱賮乇氐貙爻亘賱丕賱鬲毓夭賷夭"貙賱賲丐賱賮賴貙丕賱亘丕丨孬丕賱賮賱爻胤賷賳賷貙毓賱丕亍丕賱賳噩丕乇.</p> <p class="text-align-justify" dir="RTL">賷爻賱賾賽胤丕賱賰鬲丕亘丕賱囟賵亍毓賱賶賲賮賴賵賲丕賱兀賲賳丕賱賯賵賲賷貙賵賷爻鬲毓乇囟賮賷賴匕丕丕賱爻賷丕賯丕賱賲賯丕乇亘丕鬲丕賱賳馗乇賷丞賱賴匕丕丕賱賲賮賴賵賲貨賱丕爻賷賲丕賲賳夭賵丕賷丕丕賱禺氐丕卅氐賵丕賱兀亘毓丕丿賵丕賱賲爻鬲賵賷丕鬲賵丕賱賮乇氐賵丕賱鬲丨丿賷丕鬲貙賮囟賱賸丕毓賳丕爻鬲毓乇丕囟賴賱賲賯丕乇亘丕鬲丕賱丿賵賱丕賱氐睾乇賶賱鬲丨賯賷賯兀賲賳賴丕丕賱賯賵賲賷.</p> <p class="text-align-justify" dir="RTL">孬賲賷鬲丨丿孬丕賱賰鬲丕亘毓賳丕賱兀賲賳丕賱賯賵賲賷丕賱賮賱爻胤賷賳賷賲賳賳丕丨賷丞賲賮丕賴賷賲賴賵賲乇鬲賰夭丕鬲賴賵兀亘毓丕丿賴貙賲爻鬲毓乇囟賸丕丕賱賵丕賯毓丕賱噩賷賵爻賷丕爻賷丕賱賮賱爻胤賷賳賷貙賵賲乇丕丨賱鬲胤賵乇丕賱毓賲賱丕賱兀賲賳賷丕賱賮賱爻胤賷賳賷貙賵賲丿賶丕賳胤亘丕賯賲賮賴賵賲丕賱兀賲賳丕賱賯賵賲賷毓賱賶丕賱賵丕賯毓丕賱賮賱爻胤賷賳賷賮賷囟賵亍禺氐賵氐賷丕鬲賴匕丕丕賱賵丕賯毓賵丕賱丕禺鬲賱丕賮丨賵賱賵爻丕卅賱鬲丨賯賷賯賴.</p> <p class="text-align-justify" dir="RTL">賰賲丕賷丨丕賵賱丕賱賰鬲丕亘鬲賯丿賷賲賮賴賲賱賱兀賲賳丕賱賯賵賲賷丕賱賮賱爻胤賷賳賷賮賷馗賱丕賱賲賯丕乇亘丕鬲丕賱兀賲賳賷丞丕賱賲禺鬲賱賮丞貙賵賮賷爻賷丕賯丕賱亘賷卅丞丕賱廿爻鬲乇丕鬲賷噩賷丞丕賱賮賱爻胤賷賳賷丞賵鬲丨丿賷丕鬲賴丕丕賱丿丕禺賱賷丞賵丕賱禺丕乇噩賷丞.聽聽</p> <p class="text-align-justify" dir="RTL">賵毓賳丕賱鬲丨丿賷丕鬲丕賱鬲賷鬲賵丕噩賴丕賱兀賲賳丕賱賯賵賲賷丕賱賮賱爻胤賷賳賷賮賯丿賯爻賾賻賲賴丕丕賱賲丐賱賮廿賱賶鬲丨丿賷丕鬲囟賲賳丕賱丿丕卅乇鬲賷賳貙丕賱賮賱爻胤賷賳賷丞賵丕賱廿爻乇丕卅賷賱賷丞貙賵鬲丨丿賷丕鬲兀禺乇賶禺丕乇噩賷丞囟賲賳丕賱丿丕卅乇鬲賷賳貙丕賱廿賯賱賷賲賷丞賵丕賱丿賵賱賷丞. 賮賷丕賱丿丕卅乇鬲賷賳丕賱兀賵賱賷賷賳貙鬲丨丿孬丕賱賰丕鬲亘毓賳兀孬乇丕賱丕賳賯爻丕賲賵兀夭賲丞丕賱賲卮乇賵毓丕賱賵胤賳賷毓賱賶丕賱兀賲賳丕賱賯賵賲賷丕賱賮賱爻胤賷賳賷貙賰賲丕兀卮丕乇廿賱賶賴卮丕卮丞丕賱賳馗丕賲丕賱爻賷丕爻賷賱丕爻賷賲丕賮賷馗賱丕賱丿賵乇丕賱匕賷鬲賲丕乇爻賴丕賱爻賱胤丞丕賱賮賱爻胤賷賳賷丞丨爻亘丕鬲賮丕賯兀賵爻賱賵貙賮囟賱賸丕毓賳廿卮丕乇鬲賴廿賱賶兀夭賲丞丕賱賴賵賷丞丕賱賵胤賳賷丞丕賱賮賱爻胤賷賳賷丞貙賵丕賱賮爻丕丿丕賱賲爻鬲卮乇賷賮賷亘毓囟丕賱賲丐爻爻丕鬲丕賱賮賱爻胤賷賳賷丞貙亘丕賱廿囟丕賮丞廿賱賶丕賱鬲噩夭卅丞丕賱噩睾乇丕賮賷丞丕賱賯爻乇賷丞賱賱卮毓亘丕賱賮賱爻胤賷賳賷賵賲卮賰賱鬲賷丕賱毓賲丕賱丞賵丕賱噩丕爻賵爻賷丞貙賵馗丕賴乇丞賮賵囟賶丕賱爻賱丕丨賵丕賱丕賳賮賱丕鬲丕賱兀賲賳賷.</p> <p class="text-align-justify" dir="RTL">兀賲丕毓賳丕賱鬲丨丿賷丕鬲匕丕鬲丕賱氐賱丞亘丕賱丿丕卅乇丞丕賱廿爻乇丕卅賷賱賷丞賮賯丿鬲丨丿孬丕賱賰丕鬲亘毓賳丕賱鬲賵爻毓丕賱廿爻乇丕卅賷賱賷丕賱賲爻鬲賲乇賱禺丿賲丞丕賱兀賲賳賵賲丕賷鬲亘毓賴賲賳爻賷胤乇丞毓賱賶丕賱兀乇囟丕賱賮賱爻胤賷賳賷丞賵丕賱丨氐丕乇丕賱禺丕賳賯賱賯胤丕毓睾夭丞賵丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓丕鬲丕賱賮賱爻胤賷賳賷丞賮賷丕賱囟賮丞丕賱睾乇亘賷丞貙亘丕賱廿囟丕賮丞廿賱賶丕賱賴賷賲賳丞丕賱廿爻乇丕卅賷賱賷丞毓賱賶丕賱丕賯鬲氐丕丿丕賱賮賱爻胤賷賳賷賵鬲亘毓賷丞丕賱兀禺賷乇賱賴丕.</p> <p class="text-align-justify" dir="RTL">賵賮賷賲丕賷鬲毓賱賯亘丕賱丿丕卅乇鬲賷賳貙丕賱廿賯賱賷賲賷丞賵丕賱丿賵賱賷丞貙賵丕賱鬲丨丿賷丕鬲丕賱賳丕噩賲丞毓賳賴賲丕賵鬲兀孬賷乇賴賲丕毓賱賶丕賱兀賲賳丕賱賯賵賲賷丕賱賮賱爻胤賷賳賷貨賮賯丿兀卮丕乇丕賱賰丕鬲亘廿賱賶賲賵囟賵毓睾賷丕亘丕賱丨賱賷賮丕賱丿賵賱賷丕賱廿爻鬲乇丕鬲賷噩賷賱賱賮賱爻胤賷賳賷賷賳貙賵廿賱賶兀孬乇丕賱鬲丨丕賱賮丕賱廿爻鬲乇丕鬲賷噩賷亘賷賳廿爻乇丕卅賷賱賵丕賱賵賱丕賷丕鬲丕賱賲鬲丨丿丞毓賱賶丕賱兀賲賳丕賱賯賵賲賷丕賱賮賱爻胤賷賳賷貙賮囟賱賸丕毓賳丕賱鬲丨丿賷丕鬲匕丕鬲丕賱氐賱丞亘胤亘賷毓丞丕賱賳馗丕賲丕賱丿賵賱賷賵鬲乇賰賷亘丞賲噩賱爻丕賱兀賲賳丕賱丿賵賱賷賵鬲兀孬賷乇匕賱賰毓賱賶鬲丨賯賷賯丕賱毓丿丕賱丞賵鬲胤亘賷賯丕賱賯賵丕賳賷賳丕賱丿賵賱賷丞賵丕賱賯乇丕乇丕鬲丕賱兀賲賲賷丞匕丕鬲丕賱氐賱丞.</p> <p class="text-align-justify" dir="RTL">賵丕禺鬲鬲賲丕賱賲丐賱賮賰鬲丕亘賴亘丕賱丨丿賷孬毓賳丕賱賮乇囟丕賱賲鬲丕丨丞賱賱兀賲賳丕賱賯賵賲賷丕賱賮賱爻胤賷賳賷貙賵賲賳賴丕: 丕賱毓丕賲賱丕賱丿賷賲睾乇丕賮賷賵丕爻鬲賲乇丕乇賷丞丕賱賲賯丕賵賲丞亘兀卮賰丕賱賴丕丕賱賲鬲賳賵毓丞貙賮囟賱賸丕毓賳賯丿乇丕鬲丕賱卮毓亘丕賱賮賱爻胤賷賳賷賮賷丕賱卮鬲丕鬲貙亘丕賱鬲夭丕賲賳賲毓賲賳毓賮卮賱廿爻乇丕卅賷賱賮賷廿賳賴丕亍丕賱賵噩賵丿丕賱賮賱爻胤賷賳賷賵賲丨丿賵丿賷丞丕賱賯丿乇丕鬲丕賱毓爻賰乇賷丞丕賱廿爻乇丕卅賷賱賷丞賮賷丕賱賲賵丕噩賴丕鬲賵丕賱丨乇賵亘賵丕賱賲毓丕乇賰睾賷乇丕賱賲鬲賲丕孬賱丞 (丨乇賵亘丕賱卮賵丕乇毓賵丕賱兀賳賮丕賯).</p> <p class="text-align-justify" dir="RTL">賰賲丕兀卮丕乇丕賱賰丕鬲亘廿賱賶賲丕賷賲孬賱賴丕賱毓賲賯丕賱毓乇亘賷賵丕賱廿爻賱丕賲賷賲賳賮乇氐賱賱兀賲賳丕賱賯賵賲賷丕賱賮賱爻胤賷賳賷貙賵丕賱丨囟賵乇賵丕賱夭禺賲丕賱匕賷丕賰鬲爻亘鬲賴丕賱賯囟賷丞丕賱賮賱爻胤賷賳賷丞毓賱賶氐毓賷丿丕賱乇兀賷丕賱毓丕賲丕賱毓丕賱賲賷貨賱丕爻賷賲丕亘毓丿丕賱丨乇亘丕賱丿丕卅乇丞丕賱丌賳賮賷睾夭丞賲賳匕丕賱爻丕亘毓賲賳兀賰鬲賵亘乇/鬲卮乇賷賳丕賱兀賵賱丕賱賲丕囟賷.</p> <p class="text-align-justify" 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乇丐賷丞 丨賵賱 丕賱兀賲賳 丕賱賯賵賲賷 丕賱賮賱爻胤賷賳賷 | Al Jazeera Centre for Studies

乇丐賷丞丨賵賱丕賱兀賲賳丕賱賯賵賲賷丕賱賮賱爻胤賷賳賷 | Al Jazeera Centre for Studies