CINXE.COM

Red Hat IT topics

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr" prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns#"> <head> <script>performance.mark('HEAD Start');</script> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <title>Red Hat IT topics</title> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://static.redhat.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://consent.trustarc.com"> <script id="rhdc_js_errors_js">window.sentryOnLoad=function(){Sentry.init({dsn:"https://676ea2c2d4a147c2834066d24c04a9e4@o490301.ingest.sentry.io/5370002",ignoreErrors:[],integrations:[Sentry.browserTracingIntegration()],environment:'prod',tracesSampleRate:0.75,sampleRate:0.75});};</script> <script id="rhdc_analytics_get_top_eddl_pagedata">var pageData = {"pageCategory":"topics","pageName":"rh|topics","pageTitle":"Red Hat IT topics","pageType":"page","pageSubType":"","siteExperience":"","siteLanguage":"en","subsection":"","subsection2":"","subsection3":"","cms":"RH CMS 1.0","analyticsTitle":"","contentID":"380451","contentType":"","destinationURL":"https:\/\/www.redhat.com\/en\/topics","gated":"false","offerID":"","errorType":"","contentPublishDate":"2019-09-27","siteName":"rh","dataObject":"appEventData","pageStatus":"published"};</script> <script id="rhdc_analytics_get_top_eddl_js">!function(e,a){"use strict";e.appEventData=e.appEventData||[],e.pageData=e.pageData||[];var t={event:"Page Load Started",page:pageData};if(a.referrer){var r=a.createElement("a");r.href=a.referrer,t.page.previousPage=r.href}t.page.siteExperience=e.innerWidth<=768?"tablet":"desktop",appEventData.push(t)}(window,document);</script> <script id="dpal" src="https://www.redhat.com/dtm.js" async></script> <script id="trustarc" src="https://static.redhat.com/libs/redhat/marketing/latest/trustarc/trustarc.js" async></script> <script src="https://static.redhat.com/libs/redhat/marketing/latest/trustarc/trustecm/js/trustecm.js" data-domain="www.redhat.com" async></script> <script class="trustecm" data-src="https://static.redhat.com/libs/redhat/marketing/latest/trustarc/trustecm/js/trustecm-functional.js" data-tracker-type="functional"></script> <script class="trustecm" data-src="https://static.redhat.com/libs/redhat/marketing/latest/trustarc/trustecm/js/trustecm-advertising.js" data-tracker-type="advertising"></script> <script type="importmap">{"imports":{"@rhds/elements/":"/modules/contrib/red_hat_shared_libs/dist/rhds-elements/modules/"},"scopes":{}}</script> <script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"path":{"baseUrl":"\/","pathPrefix":"en\/","currentPath":"node\/380451","currentPathIsAdmin":false,"isFront":false,"currentLanguage":"en"},"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"ajaxPageState":{"libraries":"eJyNk8Fy3DAIhl9ovXqI9NjprWcNlliLRhYewJv47YtXno2TTqe9eOD7f4OFMDYj2yLOI-aQYDHidqmw8Woxkya-o2yBGyauF8EcC1i8VXynsWLsxnD4d_xXj67jAmYoLeoCidr0tGqBPaw0apAyGLhU4giKcaUwVR6hvhThGc98ueGLwRfyA-7faSr2jeez4uW90U9FOdO1kZ9OofpbO2fKKc7QYEIJSRAMO0uVsJlbcgr7Y8i4CCbX8wnemO3R4DMYnm1OUj_UH2DQJLSYngRFGyq0aUjMr4QPJfo31s0oaficRsy5xpHNHuf_pxNFWP7HqOSzUARJ5avdZFVz4Zq4qY_pekzwCgt17y_tjY7Sz7SrM7a1C0d93dRwDvstXd5wlOJhy6cwFoTsk-4kgeTovQ2ofUDfjGcU57Ua7ddO6aATuvcjE16XI25w901sr3rkvlSDM5rg8Wt06FsKKfHabMjCS-a39hsNjkdT","theme":"rhdc","theme_token":null},"ajaxTrustedUrl":[],"rh_oidc_manager":{"debug":false,"cookie_settings":{"rh_sso_session_enabled":true},"oidc_settings":{"authority":"https:\/\/sso.redhat.com\/auth\/realms\/redhat-external","client_id":"rhcom","loadUserInfo":true,"post_logout_redirect_uri":"https:\/\/www.redhat.com\/en","redirect_uri":"https:\/\/www.redhat.com\/en","scope":"openid profile_level.rh_events id.email id.idp id.job.title id.job.department id.name id.organization id.sub id.username roles api.graphql","silent_redirect_uri":"https:\/\/www.redhat.com\/en\/silent-renew.html"}},"rhdc_analytics":{"searchTerm":null},"rhdc_bulk_tagging":{"should_skip_product_primary_product_requirement":true,"field_taxonomy_product":{"add":"If there is currently no \u003Cb\u003EPrimary Product\u003C\/b\u003E value before this operation,\n a \u003Cb\u003EProduct\u003C\/b\u003E value will be chosen as the \u003Cb\u003EPrimary Product\u003C\/b\u003E.","remove":"\u003Cul\u003E\n \u003Cli\u003EIf removing all existing \u003Cb\u003EProduct\u003C\/b\u003E value(s), the \u003Cb\u003EPrimary Product\u003C\/b\u003E will also be removed.\u003C\/li\u003E\n \u003Cli\u003EIf not, please choose a new valid \u003Cb\u003EPrimary Product\u003C\/b\u003E in a previous operation\n before removing the \u003Cb\u003EProduct\u003C\/b\u003E.\u003C\/li\u003E\n \u003C\/ul\u003E","replace":"If the \u003Cb\u003EProduct\u003C\/b\u003E that is being replaced is the \u003Cb\u003EPrimary Product\u003C\/b\u003E,\n please change the \u003Cb\u003EPrimary Product\u003C\/b\u003E in a previous operation."},"field_taxonomy_product_primary":{"add":"The \u003Cb\u003EPrimary Product\u003C\/b\u003E that is being added must be a value of an existing \u003Cb\u003EProduct\u003C\/b\u003E value.\n If the \u003Cb\u003EPrimary Product\u003C\/b\u003E value to add is not, please add that \u003Cb\u003EProduct\u003C\/b\u003E in a previous operation.","remove":"You cannot remove the \u003Cb\u003EPrimary Product\u003C\/b\u003E. This operation will be skipped.","replace":"If the new \u003Cb\u003EPrimary Product\u003C\/b\u003E value is not an existing \u003Cb\u003EProduct\u003C\/b\u003E value,\n please add that \u003Cb\u003EProduct\u003C\/b\u003E in a previous operation."}},"rhdcCore":{"webrh":{"version":"1.210.0"}},"rhdc_style":{"flag_myrh_popover":1},"rhdc_solr_listing":{"testmode":false},"csp":{"nonce":"b1dRMPU4P5aYHcx09F_Ecg"},"user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"4737a889089cbdcce048bf0dfd5713f83cd2c1f0062562282543460f381f5099"}}</script> <script src="/rhdc/system-files/js/js_p_41KBG7cZeoagzhXHpTZcq3c8gYqlPB_saMZ-b0siY.js?scope=header&amp;delta=0&amp;language=en&amp;theme=rhdc&amp;include=eJyNUEFuwzAM-1DcPKL33XY2ZFu11TpWJisp-vs5dRBkwIDtJokiJVJS8BYK5JeSr6P8aC2GkK1jVZ4GSZapoVODI8roBUGxz3wmLDrI32KVGqciiE__WUcRlu20g4p2oTFmdpCvSXjC4YlO0jjf0BRYKYISl99UL9ND4-Ve39h7YiqqyVCi8cwPwhNyY1aUXdt9nZCAs6BvpsP5o6XQilIhf8C6syQZ8J6XoiYIz4Gf5cwQDAn0s6L0ZycsS3d_BHPsNnNXhaFRbOPYmmArM7nNmVGIXeJee1R7ikf7DbCNujE"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/rh_oidc_manager/libraries/dist/js/index.min.js?soejlb" type="module"></script> <script src="https://static.redhat.com/libs/@redhat/marketing/latest/rh.mktg.js" async></script> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/rhdc/system-files/css/css_6hniDv0maCk2k6UP7j-5eszb9ljRl-_Wj06HYCXcecU.css?delta=0&amp;language=en&amp;theme=rhdc&amp;include=eJx1UdFuxCAM-6G2fMTtcdovoEBzJRslKITu-vdHd12vm7YXZNmW5RgJ1kFBW8lMkR3ESxCesftEJ8HkK_YJFppAiVMnYfRme_qH90RcmRWlr4kWlPKH9EVYSBBXJV-MSi0K4gfPqWDSYW7ahDJApi7CylXtSMVzy1sNJ_Qc91ZeYUcO0mgDwtjyn8zTZucalbYLye_sJFzzN8aEcigeZDzBn7ltBRspfZROsEmg9hrxRi6ifZQ1e-eN_tdTqsugbY1kSwZPaWqzHB_Q1n6D5ZWmoC88n5Vj1qZ3ngXNKDVDHOAdbr8iLgp3-6e1ag" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="https://static.redhat.com/libs/redhat/marketing/latest/trustarc/trustecm/css/trustecm.css" data-onload-media="all" onload="this.onload=null;this.media=this.dataset.onloadMedia" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/rhdc/system-files/css/css_s48NJOQd_oZu3wVEQfXCnG0SOGMBoKjCFcO9R9TE7-4.css?delta=2&amp;language=en&amp;theme=rhdc&amp;include=eJx1UdFuxCAM-6G2fMTtcdovoEBzJRslKITu-vdHd12vm7YXZNmW5RgJ1kFBW8lMkR3ESxCesftEJ8HkK_YJFppAiVMnYfRme_qH90RcmRWlr4kWlPKH9EVYSBBXJV-MSi0K4gfPqWDSYW7ahDJApi7CylXtSMVzy1sNJ_Qc91ZeYUcO0mgDwtjyn8zTZucalbYLye_sJFzzN8aEcigeZDzBn7ltBRspfZROsEmg9hrxRi6ifZQ1e-eN_tdTqsugbY1kSwZPaWqzHB_Q1n6D5ZWmoC88n5Vj1qZ3ngXNKDVDHOAdbr8iLgp3-6e1ag" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/rhdc/system-files/css/css_2wJEKXJhL4IC4yTWR7eYqKT7y2tE7zKVbFebbQ90KmY.css?delta=3&amp;language=en&amp;theme=rhdc&amp;include=eJx1UdFuxCAM-6G2fMTtcdovoEBzJRslKITu-vdHd12vm7YXZNmW5RgJ1kFBW8lMkR3ESxCesftEJ8HkK_YJFppAiVMnYfRme_qH90RcmRWlr4kWlPKH9EVYSBBXJV-MSi0K4gfPqWDSYW7ahDJApi7CylXtSMVzy1sNJ_Qc91ZeYUcO0mgDwtjyn8zTZucalbYLye_sJFzzN8aEcigeZDzBn7ltBRspfZROsEmg9hrxRi6ifZQ1e-eN_tdTqsugbY1kSwZPaWqzHB_Q1n6D5ZWmoC88n5Vj1qZ3ngXNKDVDHOAdbr8iLgp3-6e1ag" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/rhdc/system-files/css/css_ICWA2jfN7tBnGoSzYQDvwPb1xYO7guG9y2ZiuE5-BUY.css?delta=4&amp;language=en&amp;theme=rhdc&amp;include=eJx1UdFuxCAM-6G2fMTtcdovoEBzJRslKITu-vdHd12vm7YXZNmW5RgJ1kFBW8lMkR3ESxCesftEJ8HkK_YJFppAiVMnYfRme_qH90RcmRWlr4kWlPKH9EVYSBBXJV-MSi0K4gfPqWDSYW7ahDJApi7CylXtSMVzy1sNJ_Qc91ZeYUcO0mgDwtjyn8zTZucalbYLye_sJFzzN8aEcigeZDzBn7ltBRspfZROsEmg9hrxRi6ifZQ1e-eN_tdTqsugbY1kSwZPaWqzHB_Q1n6D5ZWmoC88n5Vj1qZ3ngXNKDVDHOAdbr8iLgp3-6e1ag" /> <link rel="preload" href="/themes/custom/rh_base_ui/src/fonts/red_hat_text/RedHatTextVFModified.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin> <link rel="preload" href="/themes/custom/rh_base_ui/src/fonts/red_hat_display/RedHatDisplayVFModified.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin> <script type="speculationrules">{"prerender": [{"urls": ["/en"]}]}</script> <meta name="description" content="Explore all the topics Red Hat is talking about." /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.redhat.com/en/topics" /> <link rel="image_src" href="https://www.redhat.com/themes/custom/rhdc/img/red-hat-social-share.jpg" /> <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.redhat.com/en/topics" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Red Hat IT topics" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Explore all the topics Red Hat is talking about." /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.redhat.com/themes/custom/rhdc/img/red-hat-social-share.jpg" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Explore all the topics Red Hat is talking about." /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Red Hat IT topics" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.redhat.com/en/topics" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://www.redhat.com/themes/custom/rhdc/img/red-hat-social-share.jpg" /> <meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 10 (https://www.drupal.org)" /> <meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width" /> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" /> <!-- Required styles from dx-utilities. See red_hat_shared_libs_preprocess_html. --> <style>.dx-gap-y,.dx-row{row-gap:32px !important;}.dx-bg-gray-80{background-color:#292929 !important;}.hover\:dx-bg-gray-80:hover{background-color:#292929 !important;}.dx-row+.dx-row{padding-top:32px;}.dx-row{--bs-gutter-x:32px !important;--bs-gutter-y:0 !important;display:flex !important;flex-wrap:wrap !important;margin-top:calc(var(--bs-gutter-y) * -1) !important;margin-right:calc(var(--bs-gutter-x) / -2) !important;margin-left:calc(var(--bs-gutter-x) / -2) !important;}.dx-col-12{flex:0 0 auto !important;width:100% !important;}.dx-items-center{align-items:center !important;}.dx-justify-between{justify-content:space-between !important;}.dx-row>*{box-sizing:border-box;padding-right:calc(var(--bs-gutter-x) / 2);padding-left:calc(var(--bs-gutter-x) / 2);}.dx-container,.dx-container-fluid{padding-right:16px;padding-left:16px;}.dx-container{margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto;}.dx-relative{position:relative !important;}.dx-flex{display:flex !important;}.dx-pb-8{padding-bottom:64px !important;}.dx-pt-8{padding-top:64px !important;}.dx-text-red{color:#e00 !important;}.hover\:dx-text-red:hover{color:#e00 !important;}@media (min-width:576px){.sm\:dx-gap-y,.sm\:dx-row{row-gap:32px !important;}.sm\:dx-bg-gray-80{background-color:#292929 !important;}.sm\:dx-row+.sm\:dx-row{padding-top:32px;}.sm\:dx-row{--bs-gutter-x:32px !important;--bs-gutter-y:0 !important;display:flex !important;flex-wrap:wrap !important;margin-top:calc(var(--bs-gutter-y) * -1) !important;margin-right:calc(var(--bs-gutter-x) / -2) !important;margin-left:calc(var(--bs-gutter-x) / -2) !important;}.sm\:dx-col-12{flex:0 0 auto !important;width:100% !important;}.sm\:dx-items-center{align-items:center !important;}.sm\:dx-justify-between{justify-content:space-between !important;}.sm\:dx-relative{position:relative !important;}.sm\:dx-flex{display:flex !important;}.sm\:dx-pb-8{padding-bottom:64px !important;}.sm\:dx-pt-8{padding-top:64px !important;}.sm\:dx-text-red{color:#e00 !important;}}@media (min-width:768px){.md\:dx-gap-y,.md\:dx-row{row-gap:32px !important;}.md\:dx-bg-gray-80{background-color:#292929 !important;}.md\:dx-row+.md\:dx-row{padding-top:32px;}.md\:dx-row{--bs-gutter-x:32px !important;--bs-gutter-y:0 !important;display:flex !important;flex-wrap:wrap !important;margin-top:calc(var(--bs-gutter-y) * -1) !important;margin-right:calc(var(--bs-gutter-x) / -2) !important;margin-left:calc(var(--bs-gutter-x) / -2) !important;}.md\:dx-col-3{flex:0 0 auto !important;width:25% !important;}.md\:dx-col-4{flex:0 0 auto !important;width:33.333333333333% !important;}.md\:dx-col-5{flex:0 0 auto !important;width:41.666666666667% !important;}.md\:dx-col-12{flex:0 0 auto !important;width:100% !important;}.md\:dx-items-center{align-items:center !important;}.md\:dx-justify-between{justify-content:space-between !important;}.dx-container{max-width:750px;}.md\:dx-relative{position:relative !important;}.md\:dx-flex{display:flex !important;}.md\:dx-pb-8{padding-bottom:64px !important;}.md\:dx-pt-8{padding-top:64px !important;}.md\:dx-text-red{color:#e00 !important;}}@media (min-width:992px){.lg\:dx-gap-y,.lg\:dx-row{row-gap:32px !important;}.lg\:dx-bg-gray-80{background-color:#292929 !important;}.lg\:dx-row+.lg\:dx-row{padding-top:32px;}.lg\:dx-row{--bs-gutter-x:32px !important;--bs-gutter-y:0 !important;display:flex !important;flex-wrap:wrap !important;margin-top:calc(var(--bs-gutter-y) * -1) !important;margin-right:calc(var(--bs-gutter-x) / -2) !important;margin-left:calc(var(--bs-gutter-x) / -2) !important;}.lg\:dx-col-12{flex:0 0 auto !important;width:100% !important;}.lg\:dx-items-center{align-items:center !important;}.lg\:dx-justify-between{justify-content:space-between !important;}.dx-container{max-width:970px;}.lg\:dx-relative{position:relative !important;}.lg\:dx-flex{display:flex !important;}.lg\:dx-pb-8{padding-bottom:64px !important;}.lg\:dx-pt-8{padding-top:64px !important;}.lg\:dx-text-red{color:#e00 !important;}}@media (min-width:1200px){.xl\:dx-gap-y,.xl\:dx-row{row-gap:32px !important;}.xl\:dx-bg-gray-80{background-color:#292929 !important;}.xl\:dx-row+.xl\:dx-row{padding-top:32px;}.xl\:dx-row{--bs-gutter-x:32px !important;--bs-gutter-y:0 !important;display:flex !important;flex-wrap:wrap !important;margin-top:calc(var(--bs-gutter-y) * -1) !important;margin-right:calc(var(--bs-gutter-x) / -2) !important;margin-left:calc(var(--bs-gutter-x) / -2) !important;}.xl\:dx-col-12{flex:0 0 auto !important;width:100% !important;}.xl\:dx-items-center{align-items:center !important;}.xl\:dx-justify-between{justify-content:space-between !important;}.dx-container{max-width:1170px;}.xl\:dx-relative{position:relative !important;}.xl\:dx-flex{display:flex !important;}.xl\:dx-pb-8{padding-bottom:64px !important;}.xl\:dx-pt-8{padding-top:64px !important;}.xl\:dx-text-red{color:#e00 !important;}}@media (min-width:1440px){.\32xl\:dx-gap-y,.\32xl\:dx-row{row-gap:32px !important;}.\32xl\:dx-bg-gray-80{background-color:#292929 !important;}.\32xl\:dx-row+.\32xl\:dx-row{padding-top:32px;}.\32xl\:dx-row{--bs-gutter-x:32px !important;--bs-gutter-y:0 !important;display:flex !important;flex-wrap:wrap !important;margin-top:calc(var(--bs-gutter-y) * -1) !important;margin-right:calc(var(--bs-gutter-x) / -2) !important;margin-left:calc(var(--bs-gutter-x) / -2) !important;}.\32xl\:dx-col-12{flex:0 0 auto !important;width:100% !important;}.\32xl\:dx-items-center{align-items:center !important;}.\32xl\:dx-justify-between{justify-content:space-between !important;}.\32xl\:dx-relative{position:relative !important;}.\32xl\:dx-flex{display:flex !important;}.\32xl\:dx-pb-8{padding-bottom:64px !important;}.\32xl\:dx-pt-8{padding-top:64px !important;}.\32xl\:dx-text-red{color:#e00 !important;}}</style> <!-- End of dx-utilities styles. --><meta http-equiv="content-language" content="en" /> <meta name="last-publish-date" content="Fri, 27 Sep 2019 00:00:00 GMT" /> <meta name="node-type" content="page" /> <meta name="source" content="rhdc_drupal" /> <meta name="rhdc_key" content="61097480678820998db521f8f9c97ca8" /> <meta name="dateline" content="2019-09-27T00:00:00.00Z" /> <meta name="source_title" content="Red Hat IT topics" /> <link rel="icon" href="/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh" href="https://www.redhat.com/zh/topics" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://www.redhat.com/en/topics" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr" href="https://www.redhat.com/fr/topics" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="de" href="https://www.redhat.com/de/topics" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="it" href="https://www.redhat.com/it/topics" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ja" href="https://www.redhat.com/ja/topics" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ko" href="https://www.redhat.com/ko/topics" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="pt-br" href="https://www.redhat.com/pt-br/topics" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="es" href="https://www.redhat.com/es/topics" /> <script>performance.mark('HEAD End'); performance.measure('HEAD Time', 'HEAD Start', 'HEAD End');</script> </head> <body class="path-node rhdc-node-type-page page-node-380451" > <!-- Skip navigation. --><a href="#rhb-main-content" class="visually-hidden skip-link">Skip to content</a><nav id="universal-nav" class="unav" aria-labelledby="unav-label" data-analytics-region="universal-navigation"><h2 id="unav-label" class="unav__visually-hidden">Featured links</h2><div class="unav__wrapper"><ul class="unav__menu"><li><a href="https://access.redhat.com/" class="unav__link" data-analytics-text="Support" data-analytics-category="Featured Links" >Support</a></li><li><a href="https://docs.redhat.com/en" class="unav__link" data-analytics-text="Documentation" data-analytics-category="Featured Links" >Documentation</a></li><li><a href="https://cloud.redhat.com/" class="unav__link" data-analytics-text="Console" data-analytics-category="Featured Links" >Console</a></li><li><a href="https://developers.redhat.com/" class="unav__link" data-analytics-text="Developers" data-analytics-category="Featured Links" >Developers</a></li><li><a href="/en/products/trials" class="unav__link" data-analytics-text="Start a trial" data-analytics-category="Featured Links" >Start a trial</a></li><li><button class="unav__link" data-analytics-text="All Red Hat" data-analytics-category="Featured Links" aria-expanded="false" data-analytics-linktype="tab" > All Red Hat<svg class="unav__arrow" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1024" height="1024" viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M810.642 511.557c0 8.905-3.447 16.776-10.284 23.613L322.31 1013.216c-6.835 6.837-14.706 10.284-23.61 10.284s-16.776-3.447-23.613-10.284l-51.303-51.303c-6.837-6.837-10.284-14.707-10.284-23.612s3.447-16.775 10.284-23.61L626.972 511.5 223.784 108.31c-6.837-6.835-10.284-14.706-10.284-23.61s3.447-16.776 10.284-23.613l51.303-51.303C281.924 2.947 289.794-.5 298.7-.5s16.775 3.447 23.61 10.284L800.36 487.83c6.837 6.837 10.284 14.708 10.284 23.613v.114"/></svg></button><div class="unav__drop-down"><ul><li><span >For customers</span><ul><li><a href="https://access.redhat.com/" data-analytics-category="All Red Hat|For customers" data-analytics-text="Customer support" >Customer support</a></li><li><a href="https://access.redhat.com/management" data-analytics-category="All Red Hat|For customers" data-analytics-text="Subscription management" >Subscription management</a></li><li><a href="https://access.redhat.com/support/cases" data-analytics-category="All Red Hat|For customers" data-analytics-text="Support cases" >Support cases</a></li><li><a href="https://catalog.redhat.com/" data-analytics-category="All Red Hat|For customers" data-analytics-text="Red Hat Ecosystem Catalog" >Red Hat Ecosystem Catalog</a></li><li><a href="https://catalog.redhat.com/partners" data-analytics-category="All Red Hat|For customers" data-analytics-text="Find a partner" >Find a partner</a></li></ul></li><li><span >For partners</span><ul><li><a href="https://connect.redhat.com/partner-admin/dashboard" data-analytics-category="All Red Hat|For partners" data-analytics-text="Partner portal" >Partner portal</a></li><li><a href="https://connect.redhat.com/en/support" data-analytics-category="All Red Hat|For partners" data-analytics-text="Partner support" >Partner support</a></li><li><a href="https://connect.redhat.com/" data-analytics-category="All Red Hat|For partners" data-analytics-text="Become a partner " >Become a partner </a></li></ul></li><li><span >Try, buy, &amp; sell</span><ul><li><a href="https://marketplace.redhat.com/en-us" data-analytics-category="All Red Hat|Try, buy, &amp; sell" data-analytics-text="Red Hat Marketplace" >Red Hat Marketplace</a></li><li><a href="https://www.redhat.com/en/store" data-analytics-category="All Red Hat|Try, buy, &amp; sell" data-analytics-text="Red Hat Store" >Red Hat Store</a></li><li><a href="/en/contact" data-analytics-category="All Red Hat|Try, buy, &amp; sell" data-analytics-text="Contact sales" >Contact sales</a></li><li><a href="/en/products/trials" data-analytics-category="All Red Hat|Try, buy, &amp; sell" data-analytics-text="Start a trial" >Start a trial</a></li></ul></li><li><span >Learning resources</span><ul><li><a href="https://docs.redhat.com/en" data-analytics-category="All Red Hat|Learning resources" data-analytics-text="Documentation" >Documentation</a></li><li><a href="/en/services/training-and-certification" data-analytics-category="All Red Hat|Learning resources" data-analytics-text="Training and certification " >Training and certification </a></li><li><a href="https://cloud.redhat.com/learn" data-analytics-category="All Red Hat|Learning resources" data-analytics-text="Hybrid cloud learning hub" >Hybrid cloud learning hub</a></li><li><a href="/en/interactive-labs" data-analytics-category="All Red Hat|Learning resources" data-analytics-text="Interactive labs" >Interactive labs</a></li><li><a href="https://learn.redhat.com/" data-analytics-category="All Red Hat|Learning resources" data-analytics-text="Learning community" >Learning community</a></li><li><a href="https://tv.redhat.com" data-analytics-category="All Red Hat|Learning resources" data-analytics-text="Red Hat TV" >Red Hat TV</a></li></ul></li><li><span >Open source communities</span><ul><li><a href="https://access.redhat.com/accelerators" data-analytics-category="All Red Hat|Open source communities" data-analytics-text="Global advocacy" >Global advocacy</a></li><li><a href="/en/about/our-community-contributions" data-analytics-category="All Red Hat|Open source communities" data-analytics-text="How we contribute" >How we contribute</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></nav><pfe-navigation search-button-translation="Search" pfe-full-width pfe-sticky pfe-close-on-click="external" mobile-menu-translation=Menu id="pfe-navigation" data-analytics-region="mega menu" lang="en"><nav class="pfe-navigation" aria-label="Main Navigation" data-analytics-region="main nav"><div class="pfe-navigation__logo-wrapper" id="pfe-navigation__logo-wrapper"><a href="/en" class="pfe-navigation__logo-link"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 613 145" class="redhat-logo" style="margin:0; width: 135px; display:block" height="32" width="135" role="img"><title>Red Hat</title><path d="M127.47 83.49c12.51 0 30.61-2.58 30.61-17.46a14 14 0 0 0-.31-3.42l-7.45-32.36c-1.72-7.12-3.23-10.35-15.73-16.6C124.89 8.69 103.76.5 97.51.5 91.69.5 90 8 83.06 8c-6.68 0-11.64-5.6-17.89-5.6-6 0-9.91 4.09-12.93 12.5 0 0-8.41 23.72-9.49 27.16a6.43 6.43 0 0 0-.22 1.94c0 9.22 36.3 39.45 84.94 39.45M160 72.07c1.73 8.19 1.73 9.05 1.73 10.13 0 14-15.74 21.77-36.43 21.77-46.76.03-87.72-27.37-87.72-45.48a18.45 18.45 0 0 1 1.51-7.33C22.27 52 .5 55 .5 74.22c0 31.48 74.59 70.28 133.65 70.28 45.28 0 56.7-20.48 56.7-36.65 0-12.72-11-27.16-30.83-35.78" fill="#e00"/><path d="M160 72.07c1.73 8.19 1.73 9.05 1.73 10.13 0 14-15.74 21.77-36.43 21.77-46.76.03-87.72-27.37-87.72-45.48a18.45 18.45 0 0 1 1.51-7.33l3.66-9.06a6.43 6.43 0 0 0-.22 1.9c0 9.22 36.3 39.45 84.94 39.45 12.51 0 30.61-2.58 30.61-17.46a14 14 0 0 0-.31-3.42Z"/><path d="M579.74 92.8c0 11.89 7.15 17.67 20.19 17.67a52.11 52.11 0 0 0 11.89-1.68V95a24.84 24.84 0 0 1-7.68 1.16c-5.37 0-7.36-1.68-7.36-6.73V68.3h15.56V54.1h-15.56v-18l-17 3.68V54.1h-11.29v14.2h11.25Zm-53 .32c0-3.68 3.69-5.47 9.26-5.47a43.12 43.12 0 0 1 10.1 1.26v7.15a21.51 21.51 0 0 1-10.63 2.63c-5.46 0-8.73-2.1-8.73-5.57m5.2 17.56c6 0 10.84-1.26 15.36-4.31v3.37h16.82V74.08c0-13.56-9.14-21-24.39-21-8.52 0-16.94 2-26 6.1l6.1 12.52c6.52-2.74 12-4.42 16.83-4.42 7 0 10.62 2.73 10.62 8.31v2.73a49.53 49.53 0 0 0-12.62-1.58c-14.31 0-22.93 6-22.93 16.73 0 9.78 7.78 17.24 20.19 17.24m-92.44-.94h18.09V80.92h30.29v28.82H506V36.12h-18.07v28.29h-30.29V36.12h-18.09Zm-68.86-27.9c0-8 6.31-14.1 14.62-14.1A17.22 17.22 0 0 1 397 72.09v19.45A16.36 16.36 0 0 1 385.24 96c-8.2 0-14.62-6.1-14.62-14.09m26.61 27.87h16.83V32.44l-17 3.68v20.93a28.3 28.3 0 0 0-14.2-3.68c-16.19 0-28.92 12.51-28.92 28.5a28.25 28.25 0 0 0 28.4 28.6 25.12 25.12 0 0 0 14.93-4.83ZM320 67c5.36 0 9.88 3.47 11.67 8.83h-23.2C310.15 70.3 314.36 67 320 67m-28.67 15c0 16.2 13.25 28.82 30.28 28.82 9.36 0 16.2-2.53 23.25-8.42l-11.26-10c-2.63 2.74-6.52 4.21-11.14 4.21a14.39 14.39 0 0 1-13.68-8.83h39.65v-4.23c0-17.67-11.88-30.39-28.08-30.39a28.57 28.57 0 0 0-29 28.81M262 51.58c6 0 9.36 3.78 9.36 8.31S268 68.2 262 68.2h-17.89V51.58Zm-36 58.16h18.09V82.92h13.77l13.89 26.82H292l-16.2-29.45a22.27 22.27 0 0 0 13.88-20.72c0-13.25-10.41-23.45-26-23.45H226Z" fill="#fff"/></svg></a></div><pfe-navigation-main role="navigation" aria-label="Main"><ul><li><pfe-navigation-item><div slot="trigger"><a href="https://www.redhat.com/en/technologies/all-products" data-nav-trigger-id="products" data-analytics-text="Products" tabindex="-1">Products</a></div><div slot="tray" hidden><div class="pfe-navigation-grid"><div class="pfe-navigation--column desktop-col-span-4 tablet-col-span-all"><slot name="custom-slot-products"></slot></div></div></div></pfe-navigation-item></li><li><pfe-navigation-item><div slot="trigger"><a href="https://www.redhat.com/en/solutions" data-nav-trigger-id="solutions" data-analytics-text="Solutions" tabindex="-1">Solutions</a></div><div slot="tray" hidden><div class="pfe-navigation-grid"><div class="pfe-navigation--column desktop-col-span-4 tablet-col-span-all"><slot name="custom-slot-solutions"></slot></div></div></div></pfe-navigation-item></li><li><pfe-navigation-item><div slot="trigger"><a href="https://www.redhat.com/en/services" data-nav-trigger-id="training-services" data-analytics-text="Training &amp; services" tabindex="-1">Training & services</a></div><div slot="tray" hidden><div class="pfe-navigation-grid"><div class="pfe-navigation--column desktop-col-span-4 tablet-col-span-all"><slot name="custom-slot-training-services"></slot></div></div></div></pfe-navigation-item></li><li><pfe-navigation-item><div slot="trigger"><a href="https://www.redhat.com/en/resources" data-nav-trigger-id="resources" data-analytics-text="Resources" tabindex="-1">Resources</a></div><div slot="tray" hidden><div class="pfe-navigation-grid"><div class="pfe-navigation--column desktop-col-span-4 tablet-col-span-all"><slot name="custom-slot-resources"></slot></div></div></div></pfe-navigation-item></li><li><pfe-navigation-item><div slot="trigger"><a href="" data-nav-trigger-id="partners" data-analytics-text="Partners" tabindex="-1">Partners</a></div><div slot="tray" hidden><div class="pfe-navigation-grid"><div class="pfe-navigation--column desktop-col-span-4 tablet-col-span-all"><slot name="custom-slot-partners"></slot></div></div></div></pfe-navigation-item></li><li><pfe-navigation-item><div slot="trigger"><a href="https://www.redhat.com/en/about" data-nav-trigger-id="about" data-analytics-text="About" tabindex="-1">About</a></div><div slot="tray" hidden><div class="pfe-navigation-grid"><div class="pfe-navigation--column desktop-col-span-4 tablet-col-span-all"><slot name="custom-slot-about"></slot></div></div></div></pfe-navigation-item></li><li class="universal-nav-link hidden-at-desktop hidden-at-tablet" data-analytics-region="universal-navigation"><pfe-navigation-item><div slot="trigger"><a href="#" data-analytics-text="Explore more" >Explore more</a></div><div slot="tray"><div class="pfe-navigation-item__tray--container"><div class="pfe-navigation-grid"><slot name="custom-slot-explore-more"></slot></div></div></div></pfe-navigation-item></li></ul></pfe-navigation-main></nav><!-- Custom nav slot --><div slot="custom-slot-products" class="custom-nav-slot"><div class="pfe-navigation-grid"><div class="pfe-navigation--column"><div class="pfe-link-list"><div class="pfe-link-list--header nolink"><h3 data-analytics-category="Products" data-analytics-text="Platform products" class="link-header nolink">Platform products</h3></div><ul class="pfe-link-list--group"><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-overview-link" data-analytics-category="Products|Platform products" data-analytics-text="Red Hat Enterprise Linux" href="/en/technologies/linux-platforms/enterprise-linux" ><span class="custom-nav-overview-title">Red Hat Enterprise Linux</span><span class="custom-nav-overview-body">A flexible, stable operating system to support hybrid cloud innovation. </span></a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-overview-link" data-analytics-category="Products|Platform products" data-analytics-text="Red Hat OpenShift" href="/en/technologies/cloud-computing/openshift" ><span class="custom-nav-overview-title">Red Hat OpenShift</span><span class="custom-nav-overview-body">A container platform to build, modernize, and deploy applications at scale. </span></a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-overview-link" data-analytics-category="Products|Platform products" data-analytics-text="Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform" href="/en/technologies/management/ansible" ><span class="custom-nav-overview-title">Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform</span><rh-tag color="blue" variant="filled" size="compact">New version</rh-tag><span class="custom-nav-overview-body">A foundation for implementing enterprise-wide automation. </span></a></li></ul></div></div><div class="pfe-navigation--column"><div class="pfe-link-list"><div class="pfe-link-list--header "><h3 data-analytics-category="Products" data-analytics-text="Try &amp; buy" class="link-header nolink">Try & buy</h3></div><ul class="pfe-link-list--group"><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-overview-link" data-analytics-category="Products|Try &amp; buy" data-analytics-text="Start a trial" href="/en/products/trials" ><span class="custom-nav-overview-title">Start a trial</span><span class="custom-nav-overview-body">Assess a product with a no-cost trial. </span></a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-overview-link" data-analytics-category="Products|Try &amp; buy" data-analytics-text="Buy online" href="https://www.redhat.com/en/store" ><span class="custom-nav-overview-title">Buy online</span><span class="custom-nav-overview-body">Buy select products and services in the Red Hat Store. </span></a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-overview-link" data-analytics-category="Products|Try &amp; buy" data-analytics-text="Integrate with major cloud providers" href="/en/partners/certified-cloud-and-service-providers" ><span class="custom-nav-overview-title">Integrate with major cloud providers</span><span class="custom-nav-overview-body">Buy Red Hat solutions using committed spend from providers, including: <img src="https://www.redhat.com/rhdc/managed-files/cloud-providers-2x.png" alt="Cloud providers: Amazon Web Services, Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud" ></span></a></li></ul></div></div><div class="pfe-navigation--column nav-card-lg"><div class="pfe-link-list"><div class="pfe-link-list--header "><h3 data-analytics-category="Products" data-analytics-text="Featured" class="link-header nolink">Featured</h3></div><ul class="pfe-link-list--group"><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Products|Featured" data-analytics-text="Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI" href="/en/technologies/linux-platforms/enterprise-linux/ai" > Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Products|Featured" data-analytics-text="Red Hat OpenShift AI" href="/en/technologies/cloud-computing/openshift/openshift-ai" > Red Hat OpenShift AI </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Products|Featured" data-analytics-text="Red Hat OpenShift Virtualization" href="/en/technologies/cloud-computing/openshift/virtualization" > Red Hat OpenShift Virtualization </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Products|Featured" data-analytics-text="Red Hat OpenShift Service on AWS" href="/en/technologies/cloud-computing/openshift/aws" > Red Hat OpenShift Service on AWS </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Products|Featured" data-analytics-text="Microsoft Azure Red Hat OpenShift" href="/en/technologies/cloud-computing/openshift/azure" > Microsoft Azure Red Hat OpenShift </a></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="pfe-navigation--footer"><div class="pfe-navigation--column "><pfe-cta pfe-priority="primary" class="PFElement" pfelement has_link><a href="/en/technologies/all-products" data-analytics-category="Products" data-analytics-linkType="cta" data-analytics-text="See all products">See all products </a></pfe-cta></div></div></div><!-- Custom nav slot --><div slot="custom-slot-solutions" class="custom-nav-slot"><div class="pfe-navigation-grid"><div class="pfe-navigation--column"><div class="pfe-link-list"><ul class="pfe-link-list--group"><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-overview-link" data-analytics-category="Solutions" data-analytics-text="Application platform" href="/en/solutions/application-platform" ><span class="custom-nav-overview-title">Application platform</span><span class="custom-nav-overview-body">Simplify the way you build, deploy, manage, and secure apps across the hybrid cloud. </span></a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-overview-link" data-analytics-category="Solutions" data-analytics-text="Artificial intelligence" href="/en/solutions/ai" ><span class="custom-nav-overview-title">Artificial intelligence</span><span class="custom-nav-overview-body">Build, deploy, and monitor AI models and apps with Red Hat's open source platforms. </span></a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-overview-link" data-analytics-category="Solutions" data-analytics-text="Edge computing" href="/en/products/edge" ><span class="custom-nav-overview-title">Edge computing</span><span class="custom-nav-overview-body">Deploy workloads closer to the source with security-focused edge technology. </span></a></li></ul></div></div><div class="pfe-navigation--column"><div class="pfe-link-list"><ul class="pfe-link-list--group"><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-overview-link" data-analytics-category="Solutions" data-analytics-text="IT automation" href="/en/solutions/it-automation" ><span class="custom-nav-overview-title">IT automation</span><span class="custom-nav-overview-body">Unite disparate tech, teams, and environments with 1 comprehensive automation platform. </span></a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-overview-link" data-analytics-category="Solutions" data-analytics-text="Linux standardization" href="/en/solutions/linux-standardization" ><span class="custom-nav-overview-title">Linux standardization</span><span class="custom-nav-overview-body">Get consistency across operating environments with an open, flexible infrastructure. </span></a></li></ul></div></div><div class="pfe-navigation--column"><div class="pfe-link-list"><ul class="pfe-link-list--group"><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-overview-link" data-analytics-category="Solutions" data-analytics-text="Security" href="/en/solutions/trusted-software-supply-chain" ><span class="custom-nav-overview-title">Security</span><span class="custom-nav-overview-body">Deliver software using trusted platforms and real-time security scanning and remediation. </span></a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-overview-link" data-analytics-category="Solutions" data-analytics-text="Virtualization" href="/en/solutions/virtualization" ><span class="custom-nav-overview-title">Virtualization</span><span class="custom-nav-overview-body">Modernize operations using a single platform for virtualized and containerized workloads. </span></a></li></ul></div></div><div class="pfe-navigation--column nav-card"><div class="pfe-link-list"><div class="pfe-link-list--header nolink"><h3 data-analytics-category="Solutions" data-analytics-text="By industry" class="link-header nolink">By industry</h3></div><ul class="pfe-link-list--group"><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Solutions|By industry" data-analytics-text="Automotive" href="/en/solutions/automotive" > Automotive </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Solutions|By industry" data-analytics-text="Financial services" href="/en/solutions/financial-services" > Financial services </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Solutions|By industry" data-analytics-text="Healthcare" href="/en/solutions/healthcare" > Healthcare </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Solutions|By industry" data-analytics-text="Industrial sector" href="/en/solutions/industrial-sector" > Industrial sector </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Solutions|By industry" data-analytics-text="Media and entertainment" href="/en/solutions/media-entertainment" > Media and entertainment </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Solutions|By industry" data-analytics-text="Public sector" href="/en/solutions/public-sector" > Public sector </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Solutions|By industry" data-analytics-text="Telecommunications" href="/en/solutions/telecommunications" > Telecommunications </a></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="pfe-navigation--footer"><div class="pfe-navigation--column pfe-navigation--column-span-2"><pfe-cta pfe-priority="primary" class="PFElement" pfelement has_link><a href="/en/solutions" data-analytics-category="Solutions" data-analytics-linkType="cta" data-analytics-text="Explore solutions">Explore solutions </a></pfe-cta></div></div></div><!-- Custom nav slot --><div slot="custom-slot-training-services" class="custom-nav-slot"><div class="pfe-navigation-grid"><div class="pfe-navigation--column"><div class="pfe-link-list"><div class="pfe-link-list--header "><h3><a href="/en/services" class="link-header" data-analytics-category="Training &amp; services" data-analytics-text="Services" > Services </a></h3></div><ul class="pfe-link-list--group"><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Training &amp; services|Services" data-analytics-text="Consulting" href="/en/services/consulting" > Consulting </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Training &amp; services|Services" data-analytics-text="Services for AI" href="/en/services/consulting/red-hat-consulting-for-ai" > Services for AI </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Training &amp; services|Services" data-analytics-text="Technical Account Management" href="/en/services/support/technical-account-management" > Technical Account Management </a></li></ul></div></div><div class="pfe-navigation--column"><div class="pfe-link-list"><div class="pfe-link-list--header zh-tw"><h3><a href="/en/services/training-and-certification" class="link-header" data-analytics-category="Training &amp; services" data-analytics-text="Training &amp; certification" > Training & certification </a></h3></div><ul class="pfe-link-list--group"><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Training &amp; services|Training &amp; certification" data-analytics-text="All courses and exams" href="/en/services/training/all-courses-exams" > All courses and exams </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Training &amp; services|Training &amp; certification" data-analytics-text="All certifications" href="/en/services/certifications" > All certifications </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Training &amp; services|Training &amp; certification" data-analytics-text="Verify a certification" href="https://www.redhat.com/rhtapps/services/verify/" > Verify a certification </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Training &amp; services|Training &amp; certification" data-analytics-text="Skills assessment" href="https://skills.ole.redhat.com" > Skills assessment </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Training &amp; services|Training &amp; certification" data-analytics-text="Learning subscription" href="/en/services/training/learning-subscription" > Learning subscription </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Training &amp; services|Training &amp; certification" data-analytics-text="Learning community" href="https://learn.redhat.com/" > Learning community </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Training &amp; services|Training &amp; certification" data-analytics-text="Red Hat Academy" href="/en/services/training/red-hat-academy" > Red Hat Academy </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Training &amp; services|Training &amp; certification" data-analytics-text="FAQs" href="/en/services/training-and-certification/faq" > FAQs </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Training &amp; services|Training &amp; certification" data-analytics-text="Connect with learning experts" href="/en/services/training-and-certification/contact-us" > Connect with learning experts </a></li></ul></div></div><div class="pfe-navigation--column"><div class="pfe-link-list"><div class="pfe-link-list--header "><h3 data-analytics-category="Training &amp; services" data-analytics-text="Featured" class="link-header nolink">Featured</h3></div><ul class="pfe-link-list--group"><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Training &amp; services|Featured" data-analytics-text="Ansible Basics: Automation Technical Overview (No cost)" href="/en/services/training/do007-ansible-essentials-simplicity-automation-technical-overview" > Ansible Basics: Automation Technical Overview (No cost) </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Training &amp; services|Featured" data-analytics-text="Containers, Kubernetes and Red Hat OpenShift Technical Overview (No cost)" href="/en/services/training/do080-deploying-containerized-applications-technical-overview" > Containers, Kubernetes and Red Hat OpenShift Technical Overview (No cost) </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Training &amp; services|Featured" data-analytics-text="Red Hat Enterprise Linux Technical Overview (No cost)" href="/en/services/training/rh024-red-hat-linux-technical-overview" > Red Hat Enterprise Linux Technical Overview (No cost) </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Training &amp; services|Featured" data-analytics-text="Red Hat Certified System Administrator exam" href="/en/services/training/ex200-red-hat-certified-system-administrator-rhcsa-exam" > Red Hat Certified System Administrator exam </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Training &amp; services|Featured" data-analytics-text="Red Hat System Administration I" href="/en/services/training/rh124-red-hat-system-administration-i" > Red Hat System Administration I </a></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="pfe-navigation--footer"><div class="pfe-navigation--column pfe-navigation--column-span-2 desktop-col-span-2"><pfe-cta pfe-priority="primary" class="PFElement" pfelement has_link><a href="/en/services" data-analytics-category="Training &amp; services" data-analytics-linkType="cta" data-analytics-text="Explore services">Explore services </a></pfe-cta></div></div></div><!-- Custom nav slot --><div slot="custom-slot-resources" class="custom-nav-slot"><div class="pfe-navigation-grid"><div class="pfe-navigation--column"><div class="pfe-link-list"><div class="pfe-link-list--header "><h3 data-analytics-category="Resources" data-analytics-text="Topics" class="link-header nolink">Topics</h3></div><ul class="pfe-link-list--group"><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Resources|Topics" data-analytics-text="AI" href="/en/topics/ai" > AI </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Resources|Topics" data-analytics-text="Application modernization" href="/en/topics/application-modernization" > Application modernization </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Resources|Topics" data-analytics-text="Automation" href="/en/topics/automation" > Automation </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Resources|Topics" data-analytics-text="Cloud computing" href="/en/topics/cloud-computing" > Cloud computing </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Resources|Topics" data-analytics-text="Cloud-native applications" href="/en/topics/cloud-native-apps" > Cloud-native applications </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Resources|Topics" data-analytics-text="Containers" href="/en/topics/containers" > Containers </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Resources|Topics" data-analytics-text="DevOps" href="/en/topics/devops" > DevOps </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Resources|Topics" data-analytics-text="Edge computing" href="/en/topics/edge-computing" > Edge computing </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Resources|Topics" data-analytics-text="Linux" href="/en/topics/linux" > Linux </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Resources|Topics" data-analytics-text="Virtualization" href="/en/topics/virtualization" > Virtualization </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Resources|Topics" data-analytics-text="See all topics" href="/en/topics" > See all topics </a></li></ul></div></div><div class="pfe-navigation--column"><div class="pfe-link-list"><div class="pfe-link-list--header "><h3 data-analytics-category="Resources" data-analytics-text="Articles" class="link-header nolink">Articles</h3></div><ul class="pfe-link-list--group"><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Resources|Articles" data-analytics-text="What is edge computing?" href="/en/topics/edge-computing/what-is-edge-computing-1" > What is edge computing? </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Resources|Articles" data-analytics-text="Red Hat OpenShift vs. Kubernetes" href="/en/technologies/cloud-computing/openshift/red-hat-openshift-kubernetes-1" > Red Hat OpenShift vs. Kubernetes </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Resources|Articles" data-analytics-text="Learning Ansible basics" href="/en/topics/automation/learning-ansible-tutorial-1" > Learning Ansible basics </a></li></ul></div></div><div class="pfe-navigation--column"><div class="pfe-link-list"><div class="pfe-link-list--header "><h3 data-analytics-category="Resources" data-analytics-text="More to explore" class="link-header nolink">More to explore</h3></div><ul class="pfe-link-list--group"><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Resources|More to explore" data-analytics-text="Blog" href="/en/blog" > Blog </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Resources|More to explore" data-analytics-text="Customer success stories" href="/en/success-stories" > Customer success stories </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Resources|More to explore" data-analytics-text="Events and webinars" href="/en/events" > Events and webinars </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Resources|More to explore" data-analytics-text="Newsroom" href="/en/about/newsroom" > Newsroom </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Resources|More to explore" data-analytics-text="Podcasts and video series" href="/en/red-hat-original-series" > Podcasts and video series </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Resources|More to explore" data-analytics-text="Documentation" href="https://docs.redhat.com/en" > Documentation </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Resources|More to explore" data-analytics-text="Resource library" href="/en/resources" > Resource library </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Resources|More to explore" data-analytics-text="Training and certification" href="/en/services/training-and-certification" > Training and certification </a></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="pfe-navigation--footer"><div class="pfe-navigation--column pfe-navigation--column-span-2"><pfe-cta pfe-priority="primary" class="PFElement" pfelement has_link><a href="/en/resources" data-analytics-category="Resources" data-analytics-linkType="cta" data-analytics-text="Explore resources">Explore resources </a></pfe-cta></div></div></div><!-- Custom nav slot --><div slot="custom-slot-partners" class="custom-nav-slot"><div class="pfe-navigation-grid"><div class="pfe-navigation--column"><div class="pfe-link-list"><div class="pfe-link-list--header "><h3 data-analytics-category="Partners" data-analytics-text="For customers" class="link-header nolink">For customers</h3></div><ul class="pfe-link-list--group"><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Partners|For customers" data-analytics-text="Our partners" href="/en/partners" > Our partners </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Partners|For customers" data-analytics-text="Red Hat Ecosystem Catalog" href="https://catalog.redhat.com/" > Red Hat Ecosystem Catalog </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Partners|For customers" data-analytics-text="Find a partner" href="https://catalog.redhat.com/partners" > Find a partner </a></li></ul></div></div><div class="pfe-navigation--column"><div class="pfe-link-list"><div class="pfe-link-list--header "><h3 data-analytics-category="Partners" data-analytics-text="For partners" class="link-header nolink">For partners</h3></div><ul class="pfe-link-list--group"><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Partners|For partners" data-analytics-text="Partner Connect" href="https://connect.redhat.com" > Partner Connect </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Partners|For partners" data-analytics-text="Become a partner" href="https://connect.redhat.com/en/benefits-of-being-a-partner" > Become a partner </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Partners|For partners" data-analytics-text="Training" href="https://connect.redhat.com/en/training" > Training </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Partners|For partners" data-analytics-text="Support" href="https://connect.redhat.com/en/support" > Support </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Partners|For partners" data-analytics-text="Access the partner portal" href="https://connect.redhat.com/partner-admin/dashboard" > Access the partner portal </a></li></ul></div></div></div></div><!-- Custom nav slot --><div slot="custom-slot-about" class="custom-nav-slot"><div class="pfe-navigation-grid"><div class="pfe-navigation--column"><div class="pfe-link-list"><div class="pfe-link-list--header "><h3 data-analytics-category="About" data-analytics-text="About us" class="link-header nolink">About us</h3></div><ul class="pfe-link-list--group"><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="About|About us" data-analytics-text="Our company" href="/en/about/company" > Our company </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="About|About us" data-analytics-text="How we work" href="/en/about/our-culture" > How we work </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="About|About us" data-analytics-text="Our social impact" href="/en/about/community-social-responsibility" > Our social impact </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="About|About us" data-analytics-text="Development model" href="/en/about/development-model" > Development model </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="About|About us" data-analytics-text="Subscription model" href="/en/about/value-of-Red-Hat" > Subscription model </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="About|About us" data-analytics-text="Product support" href="/en/services/support" > Product support </a></li></ul></div></div><div class="pfe-navigation--column"><div class="pfe-link-list"><div class="pfe-link-list--header "><h3 data-analytics-category="About" data-analytics-text="Open source" class="link-header nolink">Open source</h3></div><ul class="pfe-link-list--group"><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="About|Open source" data-analytics-text="Open source commitments" href="/en/about/open-source" > Open source commitments </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="About|Open source" data-analytics-text="How we contribute" href="/en/about/our-community-contributions" > How we contribute </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="About|Open source" data-analytics-text="Red Hat on GitHub" href="https://github.com/RedHatOfficial" > Red Hat on GitHub </a></li></ul></div></div><div class="pfe-navigation--column"><div class="pfe-link-list"><div class="pfe-link-list--header "><h3 data-analytics-category="About" data-analytics-text="Company details" class="link-header nolink">Company details</h3></div><ul class="pfe-link-list--group"><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="About|Company details" data-analytics-text="Analyst relations" href="/en/about/analysts" > Analyst relations </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="About|Company details" data-analytics-text="Blog" href="/en/blog" > Blog </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="About|Company details" data-analytics-text="Locations" href="/en/about/office-locations" > Locations </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="About|Company details" data-analytics-text="Newsroom" href="/en/about/newsroom" > Newsroom </a></li></ul></div></div><div class="pfe-navigation--column"><div class="pfe-link-list"></div></div></div><div class="pfe-navigation--footer"><div class="pfe-navigation--column tablet-col-span-all"><pfe-cta pfe-priority="primary" class="PFElement" pfelement has_link><a href="/en/about" data-analytics-category="About" data-analytics-linkType="cta" data-analytics-text="Explore Red Hat">Explore Red Hat </a></pfe-cta></div><div class="pfe-navigation--column tablet-col-span-all"><pfe-cta class="PFElement" pfelement has_link><a href="/en/contact" data-analytics-category="About" data-analytics-linkType="cta" data-analytics-text="Contact us">Contact us </a></pfe-cta></div></div></div><div slot="custom-slot-explore-more" class="custom-nav-slot"><div class="pfe-navigation--column"><div class="pfe-link-list"><div class="pfe-link-list--header"><span class="link-header nolink" >For customers</span></div><ul class="pfe-link-list--group"><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a href="https://access.redhat.com/" data-analytics-category="All Red Hat|For customers" data-analytics-text="Customer support" >Customer support</a><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a href="https://access.redhat.com/management" data-analytics-category="All Red Hat|For customers" data-analytics-text="Subscription management" >Subscription management</a><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a href="https://access.redhat.com/support/cases" data-analytics-category="All Red Hat|For customers" data-analytics-text="Support cases" >Support cases</a><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a href="https://catalog.redhat.com/" data-analytics-category="All Red Hat|For customers" data-analytics-text="Red Hat Ecosystem Catalog" >Red Hat Ecosystem Catalog</a><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a href="https://catalog.redhat.com/partners" data-analytics-category="All Red Hat|For customers" data-analytics-text="Find a partner" >Find a partner</a></ul></div></div><div class="pfe-navigation--column"><div class="pfe-link-list"><div class="pfe-link-list--header"><span class="link-header nolink" >For partners</span></div><ul class="pfe-link-list--group"><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a href="https://connect.redhat.com/partner-admin/dashboard" data-analytics-category="All Red Hat|For partners" data-analytics-text="Partner portal" >Partner portal</a><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a href="https://connect.redhat.com/en/support" data-analytics-category="All Red Hat|For partners" data-analytics-text="Partner support" >Partner support</a><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a href="https://connect.redhat.com/" data-analytics-category="All Red Hat|For partners" data-analytics-text="Become a partner " >Become a partner </a></ul></div></div><div class="pfe-navigation--column"><div class="pfe-link-list"><div class="pfe-link-list--header"><span class="link-header nolink" >Try, buy, &amp; sell</span></div><ul class="pfe-link-list--group"><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a href="https://marketplace.redhat.com/en-us" data-analytics-category="All Red Hat|Try, buy, &amp; sell" data-analytics-text="Red Hat Marketplace" >Red Hat Marketplace</a><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a href="https://www.redhat.com/en/store" data-analytics-category="All Red Hat|Try, buy, &amp; sell" data-analytics-text="Red Hat Store" >Red Hat Store</a><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a href="/en/contact" data-analytics-category="All Red Hat|Try, buy, &amp; sell" data-analytics-text="Contact sales" >Contact sales</a><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a href="/en/products/trials" data-analytics-category="All Red Hat|Try, buy, &amp; sell" data-analytics-text="Start a trial" >Start a trial</a></ul></div></div><div class="pfe-navigation--column"><div class="pfe-link-list"><div class="pfe-link-list--header"><span class="link-header nolink" >Learning resources</span></div><ul class="pfe-link-list--group"><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a href="https://docs.redhat.com/en" data-analytics-category="All Red Hat|Learning resources" data-analytics-text="Documentation" >Documentation</a><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a href="/en/services/training-and-certification" data-analytics-category="All Red Hat|Learning resources" data-analytics-text="Training and certification " >Training and certification </a><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a href="https://cloud.redhat.com/learn" data-analytics-category="All Red Hat|Learning resources" data-analytics-text="Hybrid cloud learning hub" >Hybrid cloud learning hub</a><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a href="/en/interactive-labs" data-analytics-category="All Red Hat|Learning resources" data-analytics-text="Interactive labs" >Interactive labs</a><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a href="https://learn.redhat.com/" data-analytics-category="All Red Hat|Learning resources" data-analytics-text="Learning community" >Learning community</a><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a href="https://tv.redhat.com" data-analytics-category="All Red Hat|Learning resources" data-analytics-text="Red Hat TV" >Red Hat TV</a></ul></div></div><div class="pfe-navigation--column"><div class="pfe-link-list"><div class="pfe-link-list--header"><span class="link-header nolink" >Open source communities</span></div><ul class="pfe-link-list--group"><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a href="https://access.redhat.com/accelerators" data-analytics-category="All Red Hat|Open source communities" data-analytics-text="Global advocacy" >Global advocacy</a><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a href="/en/about/our-community-contributions" data-analytics-category="All Red Hat|Open source communities" data-analytics-text="How we contribute" >How we contribute</a></ul></div></div></div><!-- For you. --><div slot="secondary-links" class="for-you hidden-at-mobile"><button class="pfe-navigation__secondary-link" data-analytics-category="For you" data-analytics-text="For you"><pfe-icon icon="rh-icon-paper-lined" aria-hidden="true"></pfe-icon> For you <span class="newitem-dot visually-hidden"><span class="visually-hidden">New</span></span></button><pfe-navigation-dropdown dropdown-width="single"><h3 data-analytics-category="For you" data-analytics-text="Recommendations">Recommendations</h3><div class="at" id="for-you-mbox"><div class="one-column"><div class="dx-relative content-region"><p>As you browse redhat.com, we'll recommend resources you may like. For now, try these.</p><hr><ul><li><a href="/en/technologies/all-products" data-analytics-category="For you" data-analytics-level="3" data-analytics-text="All Red Hat products">All Red Hat products</a></li><li><a href="/en/topics" data-analytics-category="For you" data-analytics-level="3" data-analytics-text="Tech topics">Tech topics</a></li><li><a href="/en/resources" data-analytics-category="For you" data-analytics-level="3" data-analytics-text="Red Hat resources">Red Hat resources</a></li></ul></div></div></div><button class="for-you-close"><img src="https://static.redhat.com/libs/redhat/rh-iconfont/latest/svg/web-icon-close.svg" alt="close"></button></pfe-navigation-dropdown></div><!-- JS snippet for initializing mbox div. --><script>window.appEventData=window.appEventData||[];window.appEventData.push({event:"Inline Mbox Rendered",targetInlineMbox:{latest_inline_mbox:{name:"for-you-mbox",selector:"#for-you-mbox"},},__adobe:{target:{"lang":document.documentElement.lang,"taxonomyTopic":window._rhTarget?.util?.arrayToString(pageData?.taxonomyTopic),"taxonomyProduct":window._rhTarget?.util?.arrayToString(pageData?.taxonomyProduct),"taxonomyPrimaryProduct":document.querySelector('meta[name="taxonomy-primary-product-tid"]')?.content||"","taxonomySubType":window._rhTarget?.util?.arrayToString(pageData?.taxonomySubType),"taxonomyChallenge":window._rhTarget?.util?.arrayToString(pageData?.taxonomyChallenge)}}})</script><div slot="secondary-links"><!-- Mobile buttons & contact us. --><div class="hidden-at-desktop hidden-at-tablet buttons"><a href="https://access.redhat.com/" data-analytics-category="More Red Hat" data-analytics-text="Support" class="" >Support</a><a href="https://docs.redhat.com/en" data-analytics-category="More Red Hat" data-analytics-text="Documentation" class="" >Documentation</a><a href="https://cloud.redhat.com/" data-analytics-category="More Red Hat" data-analytics-text="Console" class="" >Console</a><a href="https://developers.redhat.com/" data-analytics-category="More Red Hat" data-analytics-text="Developers" class="" >Developers</a><a href="/en/products/trials" data-analytics-category="More Red Hat" data-analytics-text="Start a trial" class="" >Start a trial</a><!-- Mobile contact button. --><a href="/en/contact" data-analytics-category="More Red Hat" data-analytics-text="Contact" >Contact</a></div><!-- Mobile language select. --><div class="hidden-at-desktop hidden-at-tablet mobile-lang-select"><label for="lang_selection">Select a language</label><select id="lang_selection"><option value="/zh/topics">简体中文</option><option value="/en/topics" selected>English</option><option value="/fr/topics">Français</option><option value="/de/topics">Deutsch</option><option value="/it/topics">Italiano</option><option value="/ja/topics">日本語</option><option value="/ko/topics">한국어</option><option value="/pt-br/topics">Português</option><option value="/es/topics">Español</option></select></div><!-- Desktop contact us link. --><a href="/en/contact" data-analytics-text="contact" class="hidden-at-mobile"><pfe-icon icon="local-talk-bubble" pfe-size="md" aria-hidden="true"></pfe-icon> Contact us </a></div><!-- Language --><div slot="secondary-links" id="utility-globe" class="hidden-at-mobile"><button class="pfe-navigation__secondary-link" data-analytics-text="English"><pfe-icon icon="web-globe" size="sm" aria-hidden="true"></pfe-icon> English </button><pfe-navigation-dropdown dropdown-width="full"><div class="pfe-navigation-item__tray--container"><div class="language-picker hidden-at-mobile"><h3 class="pfe-headline-2" data-analytics-category="English" data-analytics-text="Select a language">Select a language</h3><ul><li><a href="/zh/topics" class="language-link" xml:lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-analytics-category="Language" data-analytics-text="Chinese">简体中文</a></li><li><a href="/en/topics" class="language-link" xml:lang="en" hreflang="en" data-analytics-category="Language" data-analytics-text="English">English</a></li><li><a href="/fr/topics" class="language-link" xml:lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-analytics-category="Language" data-analytics-text="French">Français</a></li><li><a href="/de/topics" class="language-link" xml:lang="de" hreflang="de" data-analytics-category="Language" data-analytics-text="German">Deutsch</a></li><li><a href="/it/topics" class="language-link" xml:lang="it" hreflang="it" data-analytics-category="Language" data-analytics-text="Italian">Italiano</a></li><li><a href="/ja/topics" class="language-link" xml:lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-analytics-category="Language" data-analytics-text="Japanese">日本語</a></li><li><a href="/ko/topics" class="language-link" xml:lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-analytics-category="Language" data-analytics-text="Korean">한국어</a></li><li><a href="/pt-br/topics" class="language-link" xml:lang="pt-br" hreflang="pt-br" data-analytics-category="Language" data-analytics-text="Portuguese">Português</a></li><li><a href="/es/topics" class="language-link" xml:lang="es" hreflang="es" data-analytics-category="Language" data-analytics-text="Spanish">Español</a></li></ul></div></div></pfe-navigation-dropdown></div><template><div class="hidden-at-desktop hidden-at-tablet mobile-lang-select"><label for="lang_selection" >Select a language</label><select id="lang_selection"><option value="/zh/topics">简体中文</option><option value="/en/topics" selected>English</option><option value="/fr/topics">Français</option><option value="/de/topics">Deutsch</option><option value="/it/topics">Italiano</option><option value="/ja/topics">日本語</option><option value="/ko/topics">한국어</option><option value="/pt-br/topics">Português</option><option value="/es/topics">Español</option></select></div></template><form slot="search" class="search-form rhb-search-tray--form" autocomplete="off" action="https://www.redhat.com/en/search/node" method="post" id="rhdc_search_form" accept-charset="UTF-8"><div><div class="form-wrapper" id="edit-basic"><div class="form-item form-type-textfield form-item-search-field"><input maxlength="128" size="15" placeholder="What are you looking for?" type="text" data-drupal-selector="edit-search-field" id="edit-search-field" name="search_field" value="" class="form-text" aria-label="Search"></div><div class="form-actions form-wrapper" id="edit-actions"><input type="submit" data-drupal-selector="edit-submit" id="edit-submit" name="op" value="Search" class="form-submit rhb-search-tray--submit" data-analytics-linktype="cta" data-analytics-text="Search" data-analytics-category="Search"></div></div></div></form><rh-account-dropdown slot="account" lang="en" login-link="https://sso.redhat.com" ></rh-account-dropdown></pfe-navigation><nav class="pfe-nav-light-dom"><!-- Use <img> to load the icons needed for the nav sooner. --><img src="/themes/custom/rh_base_ui/dist/img/talk-bubble.svg" alt="" style="display: none" /><img src="https://static.redhat.com/libs/redhat/rh-iconfont/4/svg/web-icon-globe.svg" alt="" style="display: none" /><img src="https://static.redhat.com/libs/redhat/rh-iconfont/4/svg/web-icon-user.svg" alt="" style="display: none" /><img src="https://static.redhat.com/libs/redhat/rh-iconfont/4/svg/web-icon-search.svg" alt="" style="display: none" /><!-- site logo --><div class="pfe-nav-light-dom__logo"><a href="/en" class="pfe-nav-light-dom__logo-link"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 613 145" class="redhat-logo" style="margin:0; width: 135px; display:block" height="32" width="135" role="img"><title>Red Hat</title><path d="M127.47 83.49c12.51 0 30.61-2.58 30.61-17.46a14 14 0 0 0-.31-3.42l-7.45-32.36c-1.72-7.12-3.23-10.35-15.73-16.6C124.89 8.69 103.76.5 97.51.5 91.69.5 90 8 83.06 8c-6.68 0-11.64-5.6-17.89-5.6-6 0-9.91 4.09-12.93 12.5 0 0-8.41 23.72-9.49 27.16a6.43 6.43 0 0 0-.22 1.94c0 9.22 36.3 39.45 84.94 39.45M160 72.07c1.73 8.19 1.73 9.05 1.73 10.13 0 14-15.74 21.77-36.43 21.77-46.76.03-87.72-27.37-87.72-45.48a18.45 18.45 0 0 1 1.51-7.33C22.27 52 .5 55 .5 74.22c0 31.48 74.59 70.28 133.65 70.28 45.28 0 56.7-20.48 56.7-36.65 0-12.72-11-27.16-30.83-35.78" fill="#e00"/><path d="M160 72.07c1.73 8.19 1.73 9.05 1.73 10.13 0 14-15.74 21.77-36.43 21.77-46.76.03-87.72-27.37-87.72-45.48a18.45 18.45 0 0 1 1.51-7.33l3.66-9.06a6.43 6.43 0 0 0-.22 1.9c0 9.22 36.3 39.45 84.94 39.45 12.51 0 30.61-2.58 30.61-17.46a14 14 0 0 0-.31-3.42Z"/><path d="M579.74 92.8c0 11.89 7.15 17.67 20.19 17.67a52.11 52.11 0 0 0 11.89-1.68V95a24.84 24.84 0 0 1-7.68 1.16c-5.37 0-7.36-1.68-7.36-6.73V68.3h15.56V54.1h-15.56v-18l-17 3.68V54.1h-11.29v14.2h11.25Zm-53 .32c0-3.68 3.69-5.47 9.26-5.47a43.12 43.12 0 0 1 10.1 1.26v7.15a21.51 21.51 0 0 1-10.63 2.63c-5.46 0-8.73-2.1-8.73-5.57m5.2 17.56c6 0 10.84-1.26 15.36-4.31v3.37h16.82V74.08c0-13.56-9.14-21-24.39-21-8.52 0-16.94 2-26 6.1l6.1 12.52c6.52-2.74 12-4.42 16.83-4.42 7 0 10.62 2.73 10.62 8.31v2.73a49.53 49.53 0 0 0-12.62-1.58c-14.31 0-22.93 6-22.93 16.73 0 9.78 7.78 17.24 20.19 17.24m-92.44-.94h18.09V80.92h30.29v28.82H506V36.12h-18.07v28.29h-30.29V36.12h-18.09Zm-68.86-27.9c0-8 6.31-14.1 14.62-14.1A17.22 17.22 0 0 1 397 72.09v19.45A16.36 16.36 0 0 1 385.24 96c-8.2 0-14.62-6.1-14.62-14.09m26.61 27.87h16.83V32.44l-17 3.68v20.93a28.3 28.3 0 0 0-14.2-3.68c-16.19 0-28.92 12.51-28.92 28.5a28.25 28.25 0 0 0 28.4 28.6 25.12 25.12 0 0 0 14.93-4.83ZM320 67c5.36 0 9.88 3.47 11.67 8.83h-23.2C310.15 70.3 314.36 67 320 67m-28.67 15c0 16.2 13.25 28.82 30.28 28.82 9.36 0 16.2-2.53 23.25-8.42l-11.26-10c-2.63 2.74-6.52 4.21-11.14 4.21a14.39 14.39 0 0 1-13.68-8.83h39.65v-4.23c0-17.67-11.88-30.39-28.08-30.39a28.57 28.57 0 0 0-29 28.81M262 51.58c6 0 9.36 3.78 9.36 8.31S268 68.2 262 68.2h-17.89V51.58Zm-36 58.16h18.09V82.92h13.77l13.89 26.82H292l-16.2-29.45a22.27 22.27 0 0 0 13.88-20.72c0-13.25-10.41-23.45-26-23.45H226Z" fill="#fff"/></svg></a></div><ul class="pfe-nav-light-dom__primary"><li><a href="https://www.redhat.com/en/technologies/all-products">Products</a></li><li><a href="https://www.redhat.com/en/solutions">Solutions</a></li><li><a href="https://www.redhat.com/en/services">Training & services</a></li><li><a href="https://www.redhat.com/en/resources">Resources</a></li><li><a href="">Partners</a></li><li><a href="https://www.redhat.com/en/about">About</a></li></ul><div class="pfe-nav-light-dom__secondary"><a class="pfe-nav-light-dom__secondary-link pfe-nav-light-dom__burger" href="#mobile-menu"><div class="pfe-nav-light-dom__burger-icon"></div><span class="pfe-nav-light-dom__mobile-text">Menu</span></a><a class="pfe-nav-light-dom__secondary-link display-at-desktop" href="/en/search"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 17 17" class="white-fill" width="18" height="18"><path d="M15.85 15.153l-5.13-5.13a5.51 5.51 0 1 0-.708.708l5.13 5.13a.507.507 0 0 0 .707 0 .5.5 0 0 0 0-.707zM6.5 11.007a4.5 4.5 0 1 1 4.5-4.5 4.505 4.505 0 0 1-4.5 4.5z"/></svg> Search </a><a class="pfe-nav-light-dom__secondary-link display-at-desktop"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 36 36" class="white-fill" width="28" height="28"><path d="M26.75 29V7a.75.75 0 0 0-.75-.73H14a.63.63 0 0 0-.19 0h-.07a.66.66 0 0 0-.22.15l-4 4a.86.86 0 0 0-.15.22.64.64 0 0 0 0 .07.58.58 0 0 0 0 .19V29a.76.76 0 0 0 .75.75H26a.76.76 0 0 0 .75-.75zM13.25 8.83v1.44h-1.44zm12 19.44h-14.5v-16.5H14a.76.76 0 0 0 .75-.75V7.77h10.5z"/><path d="M12.25 14a.76.76 0 0 0 .75.75h5a.75.75 0 0 0 0-1.5h-5a.75.75 0 0 0-.75.75zM12.25 17a.76.76 0 0 0 .75.75h10a.75.75 0 0 0 0-1.5H13a.75.75 0 0 0-.75.75zM23 19.27H13a.75.75 0 1 0 0 1.5h10a.75.75 0 0 0 0-1.5zM23 22.27H13a.75.75 0 1 0 0 1.5h10a.75.75 0 0 0 0-1.5z"/></svg> For you </a><a class="pfe-nav-light-dom__secondary-link display-at-desktop" href="/en/contact" data-analytics-text="contact"><svg viewBox="0 0 29 29" width="18" height="18" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xml:space="preserve" fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-miterlimit="10"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h29v29H0z"/><path d="M31.7 23.1H14.8c-.2 0-.4.1-.5.2l-5.2 5.2v-4.7c0-.2-.1-.4-.2-.5-.1-.1-.3-.2-.5-.2H4.3V6.5h27.4v16.6Z" fill="none" stroke="#fff" stroke-width="1.4" transform="matrix(1 0 0 1 -3.507 -.472)"/></svg> Contact us </a><a class="pfe-nav-light-dom__secondary-link display-at-desktop" href="#switch-language"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 17 17" class="white-fill" width="18" height="18"><path d="M8.5 1A7.5 7.5 0 1 0 16 8.5 7.508 7.508 0 0 0 8.5 1zm0 13.73a9.636 9.636 0 0 1-1.94-3.723h3.88A9.647 9.647 0 0 1 8.5 14.73zm-2.148-4.723a9.688 9.688 0 0 1 0-3.007h4.3a9.75 9.75 0 0 1 0 3.007zM2 8.5A6.45 6.45 0 0 1 2.182 7h3.153a10.74 10.74 0 0 0 0 3.007H2.182A6.515 6.515 0 0 1 2 8.5zM10.442 6H6.557A9.636 9.636 0 0 1 8.5 2.268 9.625 9.625 0 0 1 10.442 6zm1.222 1h3.154a6.268 6.268 0 0 1 0 3.007h-3.155a10.78 10.78 0 0 0 0-3.007zM14.5 6h-3.026a10.62 10.62 0 0 0-1.82-3.89A6.513 6.513 0 0 1 14.5 6zM7.34 2.11A10.61 10.61 0 0 0 5.525 6H2.5a6.52 6.52 0 0 1 4.84-3.89zM2.5 11.006h3.028a10.6 10.6 0 0 0 1.82 3.887A6.5 6.5 0 0 1 2.5 11.007zm7.153 3.884a10.6 10.6 0 0 0 1.82-3.883H14.5a6.518 6.518 0 0 1-4.847 3.884z"/></svg> English </a><a class="pfe-nav-light-dom__secondary-link" href="https://sso.redhat.com/auth/realms/redhat-external/protocol/saml/clients/legacy-idp-servlets"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 17 17" class="white-fill" width="18" height="18"><path d="M10.7 8.343a4 4 0 1 0-4.4 0A7.51 7.51 0 0 0 1 15.507a.5.5 0 1 0 1 0 6.5 6.5 0 1 1 13 0 .5.5 0 1 0 1 0 7.51 7.51 0 0 0-5.3-7.164zM5.5 5.007a3 3 0 1 1 3 3 3 3 0 0 1-3-3z"/></svg> Log in </a></div></nav><ul class="pfe-nav-light-dom-mobile-menu" id="mobile-menu"><li class="pfe-nav-light-dom-mobile-menu__item"><a class="pfe-nav-light-dom-mobile-menu__link" href="https://www.redhat.com/en/technologies/all-products">Products</a></li><li class="pfe-nav-light-dom-mobile-menu__item"><a class="pfe-nav-light-dom-mobile-menu__link" href="https://www.redhat.com/en/solutions">Solutions</a></li><li class="pfe-nav-light-dom-mobile-menu__item"><a class="pfe-nav-light-dom-mobile-menu__link" href="https://www.redhat.com/en/services">Training & services</a></li><li class="pfe-nav-light-dom-mobile-menu__item"><a class="pfe-nav-light-dom-mobile-menu__link" href="https://www.redhat.com/en/resources">Resources</a></li><li class="pfe-nav-light-dom-mobile-menu__item"><a class="pfe-nav-light-dom-mobile-menu__link" href="">Partners</a></li><li class="pfe-nav-light-dom-mobile-menu__item"><a class="pfe-nav-light-dom-mobile-menu__link" href="https://www.redhat.com/en/about">About</a></li><li class="pfe-nav-light-dom-mobile-menu__item"><a class="pfe-nav-light-dom-mobile-menu__link" href="/en/contact">Contact us</a></li></ul><div class="pfe-nav-light-dom-switcher" id="switch-language"><div class="language-picker hidden-at-mobile"><h3 class="pfe-headline-2" data-analytics-category="English" data-analytics-text="Select a language">Select a language</h3><ul><li><a href="/zh/topics" class="language-link" xml:lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-analytics-category="Language" data-analytics-text="Chinese">简体中文</a></li><li><a href="/en/topics" class="language-link" xml:lang="en" hreflang="en" data-analytics-category="Language" data-analytics-text="English">English</a></li><li><a href="/fr/topics" class="language-link" xml:lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-analytics-category="Language" data-analytics-text="French">Français</a></li><li><a href="/de/topics" class="language-link" xml:lang="de" hreflang="de" data-analytics-category="Language" data-analytics-text="German">Deutsch</a></li><li><a href="/it/topics" class="language-link" xml:lang="it" hreflang="it" data-analytics-category="Language" data-analytics-text="Italian">Italiano</a></li><li><a href="/ja/topics" class="language-link" xml:lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-analytics-category="Language" data-analytics-text="Japanese">日本語</a></li><li><a href="/ko/topics" class="language-link" xml:lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-analytics-category="Language" data-analytics-text="Korean">한국어</a></li><li><a href="/pt-br/topics" class="language-link" xml:lang="pt-br" hreflang="pt-br" data-analytics-category="Language" data-analytics-text="Portuguese">Português</a></li><li><a href="/es/topics" class="language-link" xml:lang="es" hreflang="es" data-analytics-category="Language" data-analytics-text="Spanish">Español</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="rhb-region rhb-region--highlighted"><div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div></div> <div class="rhdc-header--background-image"></div> <div class="rhb-region rhb-region--content" id="rhb-main-content" role="main"> <article> <div> <section data-rh-theme="dark" id="custom-hero" class="dx-bg-gray-80 dx-pt-8 dx-pb-8" section-properties-enabled> <div class="dx-container dx-relative"> <div class="dx-row dx-justify-between dx-items-center "> <div class="dx-col-12 md:dx-col-5 rhpb-region dx-flex" style="flex-direction:column"> <!-- Pattern | custom_hero --> <div class="rh-band--layout" data-rh-background="transparent"> <div class="rh-band-container"data-rh-layout="stacked" ><section class="rh-band-main" data-rh-layout="stacked" ><header class="rh-band-header" data-rh-layout="only8" data-rh-theme=""> <!-- Component | Nav_links --> <ul class="rh-navigation-link--component" data-rh-nav-type="breadcrumb" ><li class="rh-navigation-link-container"><a class="rh-navigation-link-item" href="/en/home-page" > Home </a></li><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" width="11" height="11" viewBox="0 -18 1024 1055"><path d="M810.642 511.557c0 8.905-3.447 16.776-10.284 23.613L322.31 1013.216c-6.835 6.837-14.706 10.284-23.61 10.284s-16.776-3.447-23.613-10.284l-51.303-51.303c-6.837-6.837-10.284-14.707-10.284-23.612s3.447-16.775 10.284-23.61L626.972 511.5 223.784 108.31c-6.837-6.835-10.284-14.706-10.284-23.61s3.447-16.776 10.284-23.613l51.303-51.303C281.924 2.947 289.794-.5 298.7-.5s16.775 3.447 23.61 10.284L800.36 487.83c6.837 6.837 10.284 14.708 10.284 23.613v.114" stroke-width="25" stroke="black"/></svg><li class="rh-navigation-link-container"> Topics </li></ul> </header><div class="rh-band-content" data-rh-layout=" flex left" ><!-- Sub pattern | hero_text_box --> <!-- Group layout --> <div class="rh-group--layout" data-rh-layout="stacked" > <div class="rh-group-body" data-rh-layout="min-stacked" > <!-- Component | Band_header --> <div class="rh-band-header--component" data-rh-align=left ><h1 class="rh-band-header-hero-headline" >Technology topics</h1> </div> <!-- Component | Generic --> <div class="rh-generic--component" data-rh-align="left" > <p>Learn more about the products, concepts, and processes that interest you most.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div></section></div> </div> </div> <div class="dx-col-12 md:dx-col-3 rhpb-region dx-flex" style="flex-direction:column"> </div> <div class="dx-col-12 md:dx-col-4 rhpb-region dx-flex" style="flex-direction:column"> <!-- Subpattern | card_flex --> <div class="rh-card--layout card-flex--subpattern" data-at-card="flex" data-rh-background="white" data-rh-justify="justify" data-rh-layout="min-stacked" data-rh-theme="light" data-rh-bg-align="cover" > <div class="rh-card-content" data-rh-layout="min-stacked"> <!-- Subpattern | text_basic --> <!-- Group layout --> <div class="rh-group--layout" data-at-card=&quot;flex&quot; data-rh-layout="stacked" > <div class="rh-group-body" data-rh-layout="min-stacked" > <!-- Component | Generic --> <div class="rh-generic--component" data-rh-align="left" > <p class="rc-title dx-text-red">Featured topic</p><h4><a href="/en/topics/ai/what-is-instructlab" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="f8517a0a-1b93-432e-b389-8e5b5d89bde5" data-entity-substitution="canonical" title="What is InstructLab?">InstructLab</a></h4><p>InstructLab is an open source project for enhancing large language models (LLMs).</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <footer class="rh-card-footer" data-rh-layout=""> <!-- Group layout --> <div class="rh-group--layout" > <div class="rh-group-body" > <!-- Component | Cta_multi_basic --> <div class="rh-cta-multi-basic--component" data-rh-align="left" data-rh-display="stacked" > <!-- Subpattern | simple_cta --> <!-- Component | CTA --> <span class="rh-cta--component" data-rh-cta-type="secondary" > <a class="rh-cta-link" href="/en/topics/ai/what-is-instructlab" data-analytics-linkType="cta" data-analytics-text="Read the article" data-analytics-category="Hero" >Read the article<span aria-hidden="true"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 36 36"> <path d="M31.58 18.24a.64.64 0 0 0-.14-.68l-9-9c-.56-.58-1.47.32-.88.88l7.93 7.94H5a.62.62 0 1 0 0 1.24h24.49l-7.93 7.94a.62.62 0 0 0 .88.88l9-9a.72.72 0 0 0 .14-.2Z"/> </svg> </span></a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </footer> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <div class="one-column"> <div class="dx-relative content-region"> <!-- Pattern | custom_band --> <!-- This custom band with the headline "Featured topics" is set to hidden via the 'Hide section' checkbox. To show it, please go into the UI and uncheck it. --> <!-- Pattern | multi_cta_band --> <!-- Set alignment of CTA's based on body.align selected --> <div class="rh-band--layout" data-rh-unique-id="1387221" data-rh-background="white"> <div class="rh-band-container"data-rh-layout="stacked" ><section class="rh-band-main" data-rh-layout="stacked" ><header class="rh-band-header" data-rh-layout="only8" data-rh-theme=""> <!-- Component | Band_header --> <div class="rh-band-header--component" data-rh-align=left ><h2 class="rh-band-header-subsection-headline" >All topics</h2> </div> </header><div class="rh-band-content" data-rh-layout="gallery4" ><!-- Subpattern | simple_cta --> <!-- Component | CTA --> <span class="rh-cta--component" data-rh-align="center" data-rh-cta-type="brick" > <a class="rh-cta-link" href="/en/topics/5g-networks" title="topic | 5G networks" data-analytics-linkType="cta" >5G networks</a> </span> <!-- Subpattern | simple_cta --> <!-- Component | CTA --> <span class="rh-cta--component" data-rh-align="center" data-rh-cta-type="brick" > <a class="rh-cta-link" href="/en/topics/ai" target="_self" data-analytics-linkType="cta" data-analytics-text="AI" data-analytics-category="All topics|AI" >AI</a> </span> <!-- Subpattern | simple_cta --> <!-- Component | CTA --> <span class="rh-cta--component" data-rh-align="center" data-rh-cta-type="brick" > <a class="rh-cta-link" href="/en/topics/api" title="Understanding APIs" data-analytics-linkType="cta" >APIs</a> </span> <!-- Subpattern | simple_cta --> <!-- Component | CTA --> <span class="rh-cta--component" data-rh-align="center" data-rh-cta-type="brick" > <a class="rh-cta-link" href="/en/topics/application-modernization" title="Understanding application modernization" data-analytics-linkType="cta" >Application modernization</a> </span> <!-- Subpattern | simple_cta --> <!-- Component | CTA --> <span class="rh-cta--component" data-rh-align="center" data-rh-cta-type="brick" > <a class="rh-cta-link" href="/en/topics/automation" title="Understanding Automation" data-analytics-linkType="cta" >Automation</a> </span> <!-- Subpattern | simple_cta --> <!-- Component | CTA --> <span class="rh-cta--component" data-rh-align="center" data-rh-cta-type="brick" > <a class="rh-cta-link" href="/en/topics/big-data" title="topic | Understanding big data" data-analytics-linkType="cta" >Big data</a> </span> <!-- Subpattern | simple_cta --> <!-- Component | CTA --> <span class="rh-cta--component" data-rh-align="center" data-rh-cta-type="brick" > <a class="rh-cta-link" href="/en/topics/cloud-computing" title="Understanding clouds" data-analytics-linkType="cta" >Cloud computing</a> </span> <!-- Subpattern | simple_cta --> <!-- Component | CTA --> <span class="rh-cta--component" data-rh-align="center" data-rh-cta-type="brick" > <a class="rh-cta-link" href="/en/topics/cloud-native-apps" title="Understanding cloud-native applications" data-analytics-linkType="cta" >Cloud-native apps</a> </span> <!-- Subpattern | simple_cta --> <!-- Component | CTA --> <span class="rh-cta--component" data-rh-align="center" data-rh-cta-type="brick" > <a class="rh-cta-link" href="/en/topics/cloud-computing/what-are-cloud-services" target="_self" data-analytics-linkType="cta" data-analytics-text="Cloud services" data-analytics-category="All topics|Cloud services" >Cloud services</a> </span> <!-- Subpattern | simple_cta --> <!-- Component | CTA --> <span class="rh-cta--component" data-rh-align="center" data-rh-cta-type="brick" > <a class="rh-cta-link" href="/en/topics/containers" title="Understanding Linux containers" data-analytics-linkType="cta" >Containers</a> </span> <!-- Subpattern | simple_cta --> <!-- Component | CTA --> <span class="rh-cta--component" data-rh-align="center" data-rh-cta-type="brick" > <a class="rh-cta-link" href="/en/topics/data-services" title="topic | understanding data services" data-analytics-linkType="cta" >Data services </a> </span> <!-- Subpattern | simple_cta --> <!-- Component | CTA --> <span class="rh-cta--component" data-rh-align="center" data-rh-cta-type="brick" > <a class="rh-cta-link" href="/en/topics/data-storage" data-analytics-linkType="cta" >Data storage</a> </span> <!-- Subpattern | simple_cta --> <!-- Component | CTA --> <span class="rh-cta--component" data-rh-align="center" data-rh-cta-type="brick" > <a class="rh-cta-link" href="/en/topics/devops" title="Understanding DevOps" data-analytics-linkType="cta" >DevOps</a> </span> <!-- Subpattern | simple_cta --> <!-- Component | CTA --> <span class="rh-cta--component" data-rh-align="center" data-rh-cta-type="brick" > <a class="rh-cta-link" href="/en/topics/digital-transformation" title="Topic | Understanding digital transformation" data-analytics-linkType="cta" >Digital transformation</a> </span> <!-- Subpattern | simple_cta --> <!-- Component | CTA --> <span class="rh-cta--component" data-rh-align="center" data-rh-cta-type="brick" > <a class="rh-cta-link" href="/en/topics/edge-computing" title="Understanding edge computing" data-analytics-linkType="cta" >Edge computing</a> </span> <!-- Subpattern | simple_cta --> <!-- Component | CTA --> <span class="rh-cta--component" data-rh-align="center" data-rh-cta-type="brick" > <a class="rh-cta-link" href="/en/topics/emerging-technology" target="_self" data-analytics-linkType="cta" data-analytics-text="Emerging technology" >Emerging technology</a> </span> <!-- Subpattern | simple_cta --> <!-- Component | CTA --> <span class="rh-cta--component" data-rh-align="center" data-rh-cta-type="brick" > <a class="rh-cta-link" href="/en/topics/healthcare-it" title="Understanding healthcare IT" data-analytics-linkType="cta" >Healthcare IT</a> </span> <!-- Subpattern | simple_cta --> <!-- Component | CTA --> <span class="rh-cta--component" data-rh-align="center" data-rh-cta-type="brick" > <a class="rh-cta-link" href="/en/topics/hyperconverged-infrastructure" title="Understanding hyperconverged infrastructure" data-analytics-linkType="cta" >Hyperconverged infrastructure</a> </span> <!-- Subpattern | simple_cta --> <!-- Component | CTA --> <span class="rh-cta--component" data-rh-align="center" data-rh-cta-type="brick" > <a class="rh-cta-link" href="/en/topics/ai/what-is-instructlab" target="_self" data-analytics-linkType="cta" data-analytics-text="InstructLab" >InstructLab</a> </span> <!-- Subpattern | simple_cta --> <!-- Component | CTA --> <span class="rh-cta--component" data-rh-align="center" data-rh-cta-type="brick" > <a class="rh-cta-link" href="/en/topics/integration" title="Understanding enterprise integration" data-analytics-linkType="cta" >Integration</a> </span> <!-- Subpattern | simple_cta --> <!-- Component | CTA --> <span class="rh-cta--component" data-rh-align="center" data-rh-cta-type="brick" > <a class="rh-cta-link" href="/en/topics/internet-of-things" title="topic | internet of things (iot)" data-analytics-linkType="cta" >Internet of Things</a> </span> <!-- Subpattern | simple_cta --> <!-- Component | CTA --> <span class="rh-cta--component" data-rh-align="center" data-rh-cta-type="brick" > <a class="rh-cta-link" href="/en/topics/management" title="Understanding IT management" data-analytics-linkType="cta" >IT management</a> </span> <!-- Subpattern | simple_cta --> <!-- Component | CTA --> <span class="rh-cta--component" data-rh-align="center" data-rh-cta-type="brick" > <a class="rh-cta-link" href="/en/topics/linux" title="Understanding Linux" data-analytics-linkType="cta" >Linux</a> </span> <!-- Subpattern | simple_cta --> <!-- Component | CTA --> <span class="rh-cta--component" data-rh-align="center" data-rh-cta-type="brick" > <a class="rh-cta-link" href="/en/topics/microservices" title="Understanding microservices" data-analytics-linkType="cta" >Microservices</a> </span> <!-- Subpattern | simple_cta --> <!-- Component | CTA --> <span class="rh-cta--component" data-rh-align="center" data-rh-cta-type="brick" > <a class="rh-cta-link" href="/en/topics/middleware" title="Understanding middleware" data-analytics-linkType="cta" >Middleware</a> </span> <!-- Subpattern | simple_cta --> <!-- Component | CTA --> <span class="rh-cta--component" data-rh-align="center" data-rh-cta-type="brick" > <a class="rh-cta-link" href="/en/topics/financial-services/what-is-payments-infrastructure" title="Topics | Modernizing payments infrastructure" data-analytics-linkType="cta" >Modernizing payments infrastructure</a> </span> <!-- Subpattern | simple_cta --> <!-- Component | CTA --> <span class="rh-cta--component" data-rh-align="center" data-rh-cta-type="brick" > <a class="rh-cta-link" href="/en/topics/mobile" title="Understanding mobile technologies" data-analytics-linkType="cta" >Mobile</a> </span> <!-- Subpattern | simple_cta --> <!-- Component | CTA --> <span class="rh-cta--component" data-rh-align="center" data-rh-cta-type="brick" > <a class="rh-cta-link" href="/en/topics/open-culture" title="topic | understanding open organizational culture" data-analytics-linkType="cta" >Open culture</a> </span> <!-- Subpattern | simple_cta --> <!-- Component | CTA --> <span class="rh-cta--component" data-rh-align="center" data-rh-cta-type="brick" > <a class="rh-cta-link" href="/en/topics/open-source" target="_self" data-analytics-linkType="cta" data-analytics-text="Open source" >Open source</a> </span> <!-- Subpattern | simple_cta --> <!-- Component | CTA --> <span class="rh-cta--component" data-rh-align="center" data-rh-cta-type="brick" > <a class="rh-cta-link" href="/en/topics/openstack" title="Understanding OpenStack" data-analytics-linkType="cta" >OpenStack</a> </span> <!-- Subpattern | simple_cta --> <!-- Component | CTA --> <span class="rh-cta--component" data-rh-align="center" data-rh-cta-type="brick" > <a class="rh-cta-link" href="/en/topics/organizational-transformation" title="Topic | Understanding organizational transformation" data-analytics-linkType="cta" >Organizational transformation</a> </span> <!-- Subpattern | simple_cta --> <!-- Component | CTA --> <span class="rh-cta--component" data-rh-align="center" data-rh-cta-type="brick" > <a class="rh-cta-link" href="/en/topics/security" title="Understanding IT security" data-analytics-linkType="cta" >Security</a> </span> <!-- Subpattern | simple_cta --> <!-- Component | CTA --> <span class="rh-cta--component" data-rh-align="center" data-rh-cta-type="brick" > <a class="rh-cta-link" href="/en/topics/virtualization" title="Understanding virtualization" data-analytics-linkType="cta" data-analytics-text="Virtualization" >Virtualization</a> </span> </div></section></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <rh-footer data-analytics-region="page-footer"><a slot="logo" href="/en" data-analytics-category="Footer" data-analytics-text="Logo"><img src="https://static.redhat.com/libs/redhat/brand-assets/2/corp/logo--on-dark.svg" alt="Red Hat logo" loading="lazy" width="135" height="32"/></a><rh-footer-social-link slot="social-links" icon="linkedin"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/red-hat" data-analytics-category="Footer|social-links" data-analytics-text="" data-analytics-region="social-links-exit" >LinkedIn</a></rh-footer-social-link><rh-footer-social-link slot="social-links" icon="youtube"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/RedHatVideos" data-analytics-category="Footer|social-links" data-analytics-text="" data-analytics-region="social-links-exit" >YouTube</a></rh-footer-social-link><rh-footer-social-link slot="social-links" icon="facebook"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/redhatinc" data-analytics-category="Footer|social-links" data-analytics-text="" data-analytics-region="social-links-exit" >Facebook</a></rh-footer-social-link><rh-footer-social-link slot="social-links" icon="x"><a href="https://twitter.com/RedHat" data-analytics-category="Footer|social-links" data-analytics-text="X" data-analytics-region="social-links-exit" >X</a></rh-footer-social-link><h3 slot="links" data-analytics-text="Products" >Products</h3><ul slot="links"><li><a href="/en/technologies/linux-platforms/enterprise-linux" data-analytics-category="Footer|Products" data-analytics-text="Red Hat Enterprise Linux" >Red Hat Enterprise Linux</a></li><li><a href="/en/technologies/cloud-computing/openshift" data-analytics-category="Footer|Products" data-analytics-text="Red Hat OpenShift" >Red Hat OpenShift</a></li><li><a href="/en/technologies/management/ansible" data-analytics-category="Footer|Products" data-analytics-text="Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform" >Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform</a></li><li><a href="/en/technologies/cloud-computing/openshift/cloud-services" data-analytics-category="Footer|Products" data-analytics-text="Cloud services" >Cloud services</a></li><li><a href="/en/technologies/all-products" data-analytics-category="Footer|Products" data-analytics-text="See all products" >See all products</a></li></ul><h3 slot="links" data-analytics-text="Tools" >Tools</h3><ul slot="links"><li><a href="/en/services/training-and-certification" data-analytics-category="Footer|Tools" data-analytics-text="Training and certification" >Training and certification</a></li><li><a href="https://www.redhat.com/wapps/ugc/protected/personalInfo.html" data-analytics-category="Footer|Tools" data-analytics-text="My account" >My account</a></li><li><a href="https://access.redhat.com" data-analytics-category="Footer|Tools" data-analytics-text="Customer support" >Customer support</a></li><li><a href="https://developers.redhat.com/" data-analytics-category="Footer|Tools" data-analytics-text="Developer resources" >Developer resources</a></li><li><a href="https://catalog.redhat.com/partners" data-analytics-category="Footer|Tools" data-analytics-text="Find a partner" >Find a partner</a></li><li><a href="https://catalog.redhat.com/" data-analytics-category="Footer|Tools" data-analytics-text="Red Hat Ecosystem Catalog" >Red Hat Ecosystem Catalog</a></li><li><a href="/en/solutions/value-calculator" data-analytics-category="Footer|Tools" data-analytics-text="Red Hat value calculator" >Red Hat value calculator</a></li><li><a href="https://docs.redhat.com/en" data-analytics-category="Footer|Tools" data-analytics-text="Documentation" >Documentation</a></li></ul><h3 slot="links" data-analytics-text="Try buy &amp; sell" >Try, buy, &amp; sell</h3><ul slot="links"><li><a href="/en/products/trials" data-analytics-category="Footer|Try buy &amp; sell" data-analytics-text="Product trial center" >Product trial center</a></li><li><a href="https://marketplace.redhat.com" data-analytics-category="Footer|Try buy &amp; sell" data-analytics-text="Red Hat Marketplace" >Red Hat Marketplace</a></li><li><a href="https://www.redhat.com/en/store" data-analytics-category="Footer|Try buy &amp; sell" data-analytics-text="Red Hat Store" >Red Hat Store</a></li><li><a href="https://www.redhat.com/en/about/japan-buy" data-analytics-category="Footer|Try buy &amp; sell" data-analytics-text="Buy online (Japan)" >Buy online (Japan)</a></li><li><a href="https://cloud.redhat.com/" data-analytics-category="Footer|Try buy &amp; sell" data-analytics-text="Console" >Console</a></li></ul><h3 slot="links" data-analytics-text="Communicate" >Communicate</h3><ul slot="links"><li><a href="/en/contact/sales" data-analytics-category="Footer|Communicate" data-analytics-text="Contact sales" >Contact sales</a></li><li><a href="/en/contact/customer-service" data-analytics-category="Footer|Communicate" data-analytics-text="Contact customer service" >Contact customer service</a></li><li><a href="/en/services/training-and-certification/contact-us" data-analytics-category="Footer|Communicate" data-analytics-text="Contact training" >Contact training</a></li><li><a href="/en/about/social" data-analytics-category="Footer|Communicate" data-analytics-text="Social" >Social</a></li></ul><rh-footer-block slot="main-secondary"><h3 slot="header" data-analytics-text="About Red Hat">About Red Hat</h3><p>We’re the world’s leading provider of enterprise open source solutions—including Linux, cloud, container, and Kubernetes. We deliver hardened solutions that make it easier for enterprises to work across platforms and environments, from the core datacenter to the network edge.</p></rh-footer-block><rh-footer-block slot="main-secondary"><h3 slot="header">Select a language</h3><button id="footer-language-toggle"><img src="https://static.redhat.com/libs/redhat/rh-iconfont/4/svg/web-icon-globe.svg" width="21" height="21" alt=""/>English<span class="down"></span></button><div id="footer-language-picker"><ul><li><a href="/zh/topics" class="language-link" xml:lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-analytics-category="Footer|Language" data-analytics-text="Chinese" >简体中文</a></li><li><a href="/en/topics" class="language-link" xml:lang="en" hreflang="en" data-analytics-category="Footer|Language" data-analytics-text="English" >English</a></li><li><a href="/fr/topics" class="language-link" xml:lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-analytics-category="Footer|Language" data-analytics-text="French" >Français</a></li><li><a href="/de/topics" class="language-link" xml:lang="de" hreflang="de" data-analytics-category="Footer|Language" data-analytics-text="German" >Deutsch</a></li><li><a href="/it/topics" class="language-link" xml:lang="it" hreflang="it" data-analytics-category="Footer|Language" data-analytics-text="Italian" >Italiano</a></li><li><a href="/ja/topics" class="language-link" xml:lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-analytics-category="Footer|Language" data-analytics-text="Japanese" >日本語</a></li><li><a href="/ko/topics" class="language-link" xml:lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-analytics-category="Footer|Language" data-analytics-text="Korean" >한국어</a></li><li><a href="/pt-br/topics" class="language-link" xml:lang="pt-br" hreflang="pt-br" data-analytics-category="Footer|Language" data-analytics-text="Portuguese" >Português</a></li><li><a href="/es/topics" class="language-link" xml:lang="es" hreflang="es" data-analytics-category="Footer|Language" data-analytics-text="Spanish" >Español</a></li></ul></div></rh-footer-block><rh-footer-universal slot="universal"><h3 slot="links-primary" hidden data-analytics-text="Red Hat legal and privacy links" >Red Hat legal and privacy links</h3><ul slot="links-primary" data-analytics-region="page-footer-bottom-primary"><li><a href="/en/about/company" data-analytics-category="Footer|Corporate" data-analytics-text="About Red Hat" >About Red Hat</a></li><li><a href="/en/jobs" data-analytics-category="Footer|Corporate" data-analytics-text="Jobs" >Jobs</a></li><li><a href="/en/events" data-analytics-category="Footer|Corporate" data-analytics-text="Events" >Events</a></li><li><a href="/en/about/office-locations" data-analytics-category="Footer|Corporate" data-analytics-text="Locations" >Locations</a></li><li><a href="/en/contact" data-analytics-category="Footer|Corporate" data-analytics-text="Contact Red Hat" >Contact Red Hat</a></li><li><a href="/en/blog" data-analytics-category="Footer|Corporate" data-analytics-text="Red Hat Blog" >Red Hat Blog</a></li><li><a href="/en/about/our-culture/diversity-equity-inclusion" data-analytics-category="Footer|Corporate" data-analytics-text="" >Diversity, equity, and inclusion</a></li><li><a href="https://coolstuff.redhat.com/" data-analytics-category="Footer|Corporate" data-analytics-text="Cool Stuff Store" >Cool Stuff Store</a></li><li><a href="https://www.redhat.com/en/summit" data-analytics-category="Footer|Corporate" data-analytics-text="Red Hat Summit" >Red Hat Summit</a></li></ul><rh-footer-copyright slot="links-secondary">&copy; 2024 Red Hat, Inc.</rh-footer-copyright><h3 slot="links-secondary" hidden data-analytics-text="Red Hat legal and privacy links" >Red Hat legal and privacy links</h3><ul slot="links-secondary" data-analytics-region="page-footer-bottom-secondary"><li><a href="/en/about/privacy-policy" data-analytics-category="Footer|Red Hat legal and privacy links" data-analytics-text="Privacy statement" >Privacy statement</a></li><li><a href="/en/about/terms-use" data-analytics-category="Footer|Red Hat legal and privacy links" data-analytics-text="Terms of use" >Terms of use</a></li><li><a href="/en/about/all-policies-guidelines" data-analytics-category="Footer|Red Hat legal and privacy links" data-analytics-text="All policies and guidelines" >All policies and guidelines</a></li><li><a href="/en/about/digital-accessibility" data-analytics-category="Footer|Red Hat legal and privacy links" data-analytics-text="Digital accessibility" >Digital accessibility</a></li><li><span id="teconsent"></span></li></ul></rh-footer-universal></rh-footer> <div id="consent_blackbar" style="position: fixed;bottom: 0;width: 100%;z-index: 5;padding: 10px;"></div> <script>if (("undefined" !== typeof _satellite) && ("function" === typeof _satellite.pageBottom)) {_satellite.pageBottom();}</script> <script src="https://js.sentry-cdn.com/676ea2c2d4a147c2834066d24c04a9e4.min.js" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script src="/rhdc/system-files/js/js_VmruqKltYK-YRjuHHxGW03LtJtZ3j86GqxS0faxiokA.js?scope=footer&amp;delta=1&amp;language=en&amp;theme=rhdc&amp;include=eJyNUEFuwzAM-1DcPKL33XY2ZFu11TpWJisp-vs5dRBkwIDtJokiJVJS8BYK5JeSr6P8aC2GkK1jVZ4GSZapoVODI8roBUGxz3wmLDrI32KVGqciiE__WUcRlu20g4p2oTFmdpCvSXjC4YlO0jjf0BRYKYISl99UL9ND4-Ve39h7YiqqyVCi8cwPwhNyY1aUXdt9nZCAs6BvpsP5o6XQilIhf8C6syQZ8J6XoiYIz4Gf5cwQDAn0s6L0ZycsS3d_BHPsNnNXhaFRbOPYmmArM7nNmVGIXeJee1R7ikf7DbCNujE"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/webrh/@cpelements/pfe-navigation/dist/pfe-navigation.min.js" type="module"></script> <script src="/themes/custom/rhdc/js/rhdc-set-lang-cookie.js?soejlb" async></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/red_hat_shared_libs/dist/js/lazy-load-esmodule.js?v=2.0.9" type="module"></script> <script src="/rhdc/system-files/js/js_VlZ7LyyGYj5n3b8cWP0vB1BCfwFCZUSereTRe19RJX4.js?scope=footer&amp;delta=5&amp;language=en&amp;theme=rhdc&amp;include=eJyNUEFuwzAM-1DcPKL33XY2ZFu11TpWJisp-vs5dRBkwIDtJokiJVJS8BYK5JeSr6P8aC2GkK1jVZ4GSZapoVODI8roBUGxz3wmLDrI32KVGqciiE__WUcRlu20g4p2oTFmdpCvSXjC4YlO0jjf0BRYKYISl99UL9ND4-Ve39h7YiqqyVCi8cwPwhNyY1aUXdt9nZCAs6BvpsP5o6XQilIhf8C6syQZ8J6XoiYIz4Gf5cwQDAn0s6L0ZycsS3d_BHPsNnNXhaFRbOPYmmArM7nNmVGIXeJee1R7ikf7DbCNujE"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/webrh/@cpelements/rh-account-dropdown/dist/rh-account-dropdown.min.js" type="module"></script> <script src="/rhdc/system-files/js/js__nSEyz7HPoQEheFuXaA4UPhOPt2XtxnUNZpqTfQlXpA.js?scope=footer&amp;delta=7&amp;language=en&amp;theme=rhdc&amp;include=eJyNUEFuwzAM-1DcPKL33XY2ZFu11TpWJisp-vs5dRBkwIDtJokiJVJS8BYK5JeSr6P8aC2GkK1jVZ4GSZapoVODI8roBUGxz3wmLDrI32KVGqciiE__WUcRlu20g4p2oTFmdpCvSXjC4YlO0jjf0BRYKYISl99UL9ND4-Ve39h7YiqqyVCi8cwPwhNyY1aUXdt9nZCAs6BvpsP5o6XQilIhf8C6syQZ8J6XoiYIz4Gf5cwQDAn0s6L0ZycsS3d_BHPsNnNXhaFRbOPYmmArM7nNmVGIXeJee1R7ikf7DbCNujE"></script> <script src="/themes/custom/rh_base_ui/../../../modules/contrib/webrh/@patternfly/pfe-cta/dist/pfe-cta.min.js" type="module"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/red_hat_shared_libs/dist/rhds-elements/modules/rh-tag/rh-tag.js" type="module"></script> </body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10