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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Early leader of the Latter Day Saint movement (1807–1857)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><span class="fn">Parley P. Pratt</span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Parley_P_Pratt.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/Parley_P_Pratt.gif" decoding="async" width="209" height="281" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="209" data-file-height="281" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Pratt, ca. 1845</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: lavender; line-height: normal; padding: 0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Quorum_of_the_Twelve_Apostles_(LDS_Church)" title="Quorum of the Twelve Apostles (LDS Church)">Quorum of the Twelve Apostles</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">February 21, 1835<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1835-02-21</span>)</span> – May 13, 1857<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">1857-05-13</span>)</span></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: lavender; line-height: normal; padding: 0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">LDS Church</a> <a href="/wiki/Apostle_(Latter_Day_Saints)" title="Apostle (Latter Day Saints)">Apostle</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">February 21, 1835<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1835-02-21</span>)</span> – May 13, 1857<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">1857-05-13</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reason</th><td class="infobox-data">Initial organization of Quorum of the Twelve</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reorganization<br /><span class="nowrap">at end of term</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_Q._Cannon" title="George Q. Cannon">George Q. Cannon</a> ordained</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: lavender;">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">Parley Parker Pratt<br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1807-04-12</span>)</span>April 12, 1807<br /><a href="/wiki/Burlington,_New_York" title="Burlington, New York">Burlington</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a>, United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">May 13, 1857<span style="display:none">(1857-05-13)</span> (aged 50)<br /><a href="/wiki/Alma,_Arkansas" title="Alma, Arkansas">Alma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a>, United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pratt_family" title="Pratt family">Pratt family</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romney_family" title="Romney family">Romney family</a></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="box-shadow: inset 0 1px 0 0 #aaaaaa; text-align:left"><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks noprint navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/16px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/24px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/31px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography portal</a>  <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Christus_statue_temple_square_salt_lake_city.jpg/16px-Christus_statue_temple_square_salt_lake_city.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Christus_statue_temple_square_salt_lake_city.jpg/24px-Christus_statue_temple_square_salt_lake_city.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Christus_statue_temple_square_salt_lake_city.jpg/32px-Christus_statue_temple_square_salt_lake_city.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1067" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Latter_Day_Saint_movement" title="Portal:Latter Day Saint movement">LDS movement portal</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Parley Parker Pratt Sr.</b> (April 12, 1807 – May 13, 1857) was an early leader of the <a href="/wiki/Latter_Day_Saint_movement" title="Latter Day Saint movement">Latter Day Saint movement</a> whose writings became a significant early nineteenth-century exposition of the Latter Day Saint faith. Named in 1835 as one of the first members of the <a href="/wiki/Quorum_of_the_Twelve_Apostles" class="mw-redirect" title="Quorum of the Twelve Apostles">Quorum of the Twelve Apostles</a>, Pratt was part of the Quorum's successful mission to Great Britain from 1839 to 1841. Pratt has been called "the Apostle Paul of Mormonism" for his promotion of distinctive Mormon doctrines.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pratt explored and surveyed <a href="/wiki/Parley%27s_Canyon" class="mw-redirect" title="Parley's Canyon">Parley's Canyon</a> in <a href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_City,_Utah" class="mw-redirect" title="Salt Lake City, Utah">Salt Lake City, Utah</a> (named in his honor), and subsequently built and maintained the first road for public transportation in the canyon. </p><p>Pratt practiced <a href="/wiki/Plural_marriage" class="mw-redirect" title="Plural marriage">plural marriage</a>. He was murdered in 1857 by the estranged husband of his twelfth wife. Pratt fathered thirty children. His living descendants in 2011 were estimated to number 30,000 to 50,000. He is the great-great-grandfather of <a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney" title="Mitt Romney">Mitt Romney</a>, the 2012 Republican candidate for President of the United States, and <a href="/wiki/Jon_Huntsman_Jr." title="Jon Huntsman Jr.">Jon Huntsman Jr.</a>, diplomat and former <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Utah" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Utah">Governor of Utah</a>, who served as the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Ambassador_to_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Ambassador to Russia">U.S. Ambassador to Russia</a> from 2017 to 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parley_P._Pratt&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pratt was born in <a href="/wiki/Burlington,_New_York" title="Burlington, New York">Burlington, New York</a>, to Jared Pratt (1769–1839) and his wife, Charity Dickinson (1776–1849), a descendant of <a href="/wiki/Anne_Hutchinson" title="Anne Hutchinson">Anne Hutchinson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ancestry_of_Mitt_Romney_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ancestry_of_Mitt_Romney-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He married Thankful Halsey in <a href="/wiki/Canaan,_New_York" title="Canaan, New York">Canaan, New York</a>, on September 9, 1827. </p><p>The young couple migrated west, where they settled near <a href="/wiki/Cleveland,_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleveland, Ohio">Cleveland, Ohio</a>, where Pratt purchased land and constructed a home. In Ohio, Pratt became a member of the <a href="/wiki/Disciples_of_Christ_(Campbell_Movement)" title="Disciples of Christ (Campbell Movement)">Reformed Baptist Society</a>, also called "Disciples of Christ", influenced by the preaching of <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Rigdon" title="Sidney Rigdon">Sidney Rigdon</a>. Pratt soon left his property to take up the ministry as a profession. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Latter_Day_Saint_service">Latter Day Saint service</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parley_P._Pratt&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Latter Day Saint service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Parley_Parker_Pratt_standing.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Parley_Parker_Pratt_standing.PNG/250px-Parley_Parker_Pratt_standing.PNG" decoding="async" width="250" height="549" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Parley_Parker_Pratt_standing.PNG/375px-Parley_Parker_Pratt_standing.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Parley_Parker_Pratt_standing.PNG/500px-Parley_Parker_Pratt_standing.PNG 2x" data-file-width="503" data-file-height="1105" /></a><figcaption>Pratt sometime between 1852 and 1856</figcaption></figure> <p>While traveling to visit family in western New York, Pratt read a copy of the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Mormon" title="Book of Mormon">Book of Mormon</a> owned by a Baptist <a href="/wiki/Deacon" title="Deacon">deacon</a>. Convinced of its authenticity, he traveled to <a href="/wiki/Palmyra_(town),_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Palmyra (town), New York">Palmyra</a>, and spoke to <a href="/wiki/Hyrum_Smith" title="Hyrum Smith">Hyrum Smith</a>. Pratt was <a href="/wiki/Baptism_(Latter_Day_Saints)" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptism (Latter Day Saints)">baptized</a> in <a href="/wiki/Seneca_Lake_(New_York)" title="Seneca Lake (New York)">Seneca Lake</a> by <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cowdery" title="Oliver Cowdery">Oliver Cowdery</a> on or about September 1, 1830, formally joining the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Christ_(Latter_Day_Saints)" title="Church of Christ (Latter Day Saints)">church</a>. He was also ordained to the office of <a href="/wiki/Elder_(Latter_Day_Saints)" title="Elder (Latter Day Saints)">elder</a>. Continuing on to his family's home, he introduced his younger brother, <a href="/wiki/Orson_Pratt" title="Orson Pratt">Orson Pratt</a>, to Mormonism and baptized him on September 19, 1830. </p><p>Arriving in <a href="/wiki/Fayette,_New_York" title="Fayette, New York">Fayette, New York</a>, in October 1830, Pratt met <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Smith" title="Joseph Smith">Joseph Smith</a> and was asked to join a <a href="/wiki/Mormon_missionary" title="Mormon missionary">missionary</a> group assigned to preach to the Native American tribes on the <a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a> frontier. During the trip west, he and his companions stopped to visit <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Rigdon" title="Sidney Rigdon">Sidney Rigdon</a>. They were instrumental in converting Rigdon and approximately 130 members of his congregation within three weeks. Pratt became close friends with the Smiths, particularly Joseph, with whom he would later experience persecution and imprisonment, including incarceration at <a href="/wiki/Liberty_Jail" title="Liberty Jail">Liberty Jail</a>. </p><p>In early 1833, Pratt served as a missionary in Illinois. He went to <a href="/wiki/Jackson_County,_Missouri" title="Jackson County, Missouri">Jackson County, Missouri</a>, where through the summer he headed the School of the Elders, a gathering of about 60 men who studied religious and secular subjects, similar to the <a href="/wiki/School_of_the_Prophets" title="School of the Prophets">School of the Prophets</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kirtland,_Ohio" title="Kirtland, Ohio">Kirtland, Ohio</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the fall of 1833, he served as president of the Mormon branch number 8 in Jackson County and as a leader in the Mormon militia. He was among those Latter Day Saints driven into <a href="/wiki/Clay_County,_Missouri" title="Clay County, Missouri">Clay County, Missouri</a>, by mob violence.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February 1834, Pratt and <a href="/wiki/Lyman_Wight" title="Lyman Wight">Lyman Wight</a> headed back to Kirtland to report on the events in Missouri to Joseph Smith.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From Kirtland, Pratt traveled with Smith in Pennsylvania and western New York, preaching and trying to recruit people to serve in <a href="/wiki/Zion%27s_Camp" title="Zion's Camp">Zion's Camp</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After traveling together for three weeks, during some of this time with Pratt serving as Smith's scribe, Smith returned to Kirtland from <a href="/wiki/Geneseo,_New_York" title="Geneseo, New York">Geneseo, New York</a>, for a court case. Pratt continued his missionary efforts along with Henry Brown. Pratt and Brown went to eastern New York to give his family members money to move to Kirtland.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They went to <a href="/wiki/Richland,_New_York" title="Richland, New York">Richland, New York</a>, where Pratt convinced <a href="/wiki/Wilford_Woodruff" title="Wilford Woodruff">Wilford Woodruff</a>, who had been baptized three months before, to join Zion's Camp.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pratt returned to Missouri later in 1834 as a member of Zion's Camp.<sup id="cite_ref-Crawley_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crawley-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After Zion's Camp broke up, Pratt rejoined his wife, Thankful, who had remained in Clay County while he had been traveling. While working as a day laborer, Pratt served on the Missouri <a href="/wiki/High_council_(Latter_Day_Saints)" title="High council (Latter Day Saints)">High Council</a>. Thankful had run up large debts in Pratt's absence, and when he returned with her to Ohio, some felt he was trying to flee his creditors and criticized him for it.<sup id="cite_ref-givens7071_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-givens7071-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pratt settled in New Portage, Ohio (now part of <a href="/wiki/Barberton,_Ohio" title="Barberton, Ohio">Barberton</a>), where he was the leader of a group of Latter-day Saints there.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="More_missionary_service">More missionary service</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parley_P._Pratt&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: More missionary service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1835, after his call as an <a href="/wiki/Apostle_(Latter_Day_Saints)" title="Apostle (Latter Day Saints)">apostle</a>, Pratt served with other apostles in a mission to New York, New England, and eastern Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pratt preached in <a href="/wiki/Upper_Canada" title="Upper Canada">Upper Canada</a>, in and around <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>, in 1836. In 1837 and 1838, he preached in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Crawley_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crawley-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pratt later served as a missionary in the southern United States and in England, the Pacific islands, and South America. He moved to Chile to begin missionary work in <a href="/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso">Valparaíso</a>. In 1852, Pratt and his family left Chile after the death of their child, Omner, without having had much success among the country's Catholic residents. </p><p>In addition to having converted his brother Orson and preacher <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Rigdon" title="Sidney Rigdon">Sidney Rigdon</a>, Parley Pratt introduced the Mormon faith to several future church leaders, including <a href="/wiki/Frederick_G._Williams" title="Frederick G. Williams">Frederick G. Williams</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Taylor_(Mormon)" title="John Taylor (Mormon)">John Taylor</a> and his wife, Leonora, <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Morley" title="Isaac Morley">Isaac Morley</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Fielding" title="Joseph Fielding">Joseph Fielding</a>, along with his sisters, <a href="/wiki/Mary_Fielding_Smith" title="Mary Fielding Smith">Mary</a> and Mercy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Apostle">Apostle</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parley_P._Pratt&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Apostle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1835, Pratt entered the leadership of the early Latter Day Saint movement when he was selected as one of the original Quorum of Twelve Apostles. While on a mission to the British Isles in 1839, Pratt edited the newly created periodical, <i><a href="/wiki/Millennial_Star" title="Millennial Star">Millennial Star</a></i>. While presiding over the church's branches and interests in New England and the mid-Atlantic states, Pratt published a periodical entitled <i>The Prophet</i> from his headquarters in New York City.<sup id="cite_ref-Givens|Grow_2011_172_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Givens|Grow_2011_172-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Missouri_War">Missouri War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parley_P._Pratt&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Missouri War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After serving as a missionary in New York City, Pratt returned to church headquarters in Missouri in 1838. He was arrested in November 1838, along with Joseph Smith, and was held in prison in <a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Missouri" title="Richmond, Missouri">Richmond</a> and then <a href="/wiki/Columbia,_Missouri" title="Columbia, Missouri">Columbia</a> until escaping on July 4, 1839.<sup id="cite_ref-Crawley_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crawley-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His writings during this and other imprisonments with Smith comprise many first accounts and stories preserved about Smith. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Writer">Writer</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parley_P._Pratt&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Writer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Parely_Parker_Pratt_between_1852_1856.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Parely_Parker_Pratt_between_1852_1856.PNG/300px-Parely_Parker_Pratt_between_1852_1856.PNG" decoding="async" width="300" height="421" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Parely_Parker_Pratt_between_1852_1856.PNG/450px-Parely_Parker_Pratt_between_1852_1856.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Parely_Parker_Pratt_between_1852_1856.PNG/600px-Parely_Parker_Pratt_between_1852_1856.PNG 2x" data-file-width="884" data-file-height="1241" /></a><figcaption>Pratt between 1852 and 1856</figcaption></figure> <p>Pratt was a noted religious writer and poet. Many of Pratt's writings are the only credible or lasting accounts from important American and Mormon events, such as the Hauns Mill Massacre and the events and conditions of imprisonment with Smith at Liberty Jail. </p><p>Pratt's first printed work was "'The Mormons' So Called", a 5500-word account of the persecution of Mormons in Jackson County in 1833.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pratt wrote <a href="/wiki/Autobiography_of_Parley_Parker_Pratt" title="Autobiography of Parley Parker Pratt">an autobiography</a>, published after his death but likely his most widely read work in the 21st century.<sup id="cite_ref-Crawley_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crawley-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He published a book of poetry in 1835, the first collection of poems by a Latter-day Saint.<sup id="cite_ref-Crawley_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crawley-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of his poems have become staple <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints_hymns" class="mw-redirect" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints hymns">Latter Day Saint hymns</a>, some of which are included in the current <a href="/wiki/Hymns_of_The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints_(1985_book)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hymns of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (1985 book)">hymnal</a> of <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a> (LDS Church). Pratt wrote many of these hymns in 1839 while sailing to England to serve as a missionary.<sup id="cite_ref-Crawley_12-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crawley-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was involved in compiling a hymnal with 40 hymns of his own work while editor of the <i>Millennial Star</i>. </p><p>In 1835, Pratt published a pamphlet about his missionary efforts in <a href="/wiki/Mentor,_Ohio" title="Mentor, Ohio">Mentor, Ohio</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Crawley_12-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crawley-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This work, entitled "A Short Account of a Shameful Outrage", was the first pamphlet ever published by a Mormon.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of Pratt's most influential works was a book entitled <i>A Voice of Warning</i> (1837), first published in New York City.<sup id="cite_ref-Crawley_12-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crawley-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Givens and Grow say the book was "a work that served the church as its most powerful proselytizing tool—after the Book of Mormon—for more than a century."<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pratt made substantial revisions between the first and second editions after Joseph Smith voiced some reservations about it.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The second edition of <i>A Voice of Warning</i> was published in 1839. </p><p>In 1837, Pratt, along with John Goodson, published the second edition of the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Mormon" title="Book of Mormon">Book of Mormon</a>. It included Pratt's testimony, along with that of the <a href="/wiki/Three_Witnesses" title="Three Witnesses">three</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eight_Witnesses" title="Eight Witnesses">eight</a> witnesses to the <a href="/wiki/Golden_plates" title="Golden plates">golden plates</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Near the end of 1837, Pratt published <i>Mormonism Unveiled: Zion's Watchman Unmasked</i>, which is the earliest surviving response by a Mormon to an <a href="/wiki/Anti-Mormonism" title="Anti-Mormonism">anti-Mormon</a> writer.<sup id="cite_ref-Crawley_12-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crawley-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pratt also wrote one of the earliest Mormon works of fiction. His "<a href="/wiki/A_Dialogue_between_Joseph_Smith_and_the_Devil" class="mw-redirect" title="A Dialogue between Joseph Smith and the Devil">A Dialogue between Joseph Smith and the Devil</a>", was published on January 1, 1844, in the <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Herald" title="New York Herald">New York Herald</a></i>. It was a religious treatise in fictional form.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pratt's most well-known theological work was <i>A Key to Science of Theology,</i> which was published in 1855.<sup id="cite_ref-Crawley_12-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crawley-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other works by Pratt included <i>Late Persecutions</i>, <i>Millennium and Other Poems</i>, at least ten tracts published while he served as editor of the <i>Millennial Star</i>, and "Proclamation to the People of the Coasts and Islands of the Pacific", written by Pratt in the summer of 1851 in San Francisco, California, and published by W. C. Wandell in Sydney, Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-Crawley_12-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crawley-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pratt's Visions and Poetry also serve as the text for many songs now found in the Latter Day Saint Hymnal. Pratt's writings also corroborate many events and revelations which are found in a book of Latter Day Saint scripture known as the <a href="/wiki/Doctrine_and_Covenants" title="Doctrine and Covenants">Doctrine and Covenants</a>. </p><p>In total, Pratt is known to have written 31 published works, not including his posthumous autobiography.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Journey_to_Utah">Journey to Utah</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parley_P._Pratt&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Journey to Utah"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/Death_of_Joseph_Smith" class="mw-redirect" title="Death of Joseph Smith">death of Joseph Smith</a>, Pratt and his family were among the Latter Day Saints who emigrated to what would become <a href="/wiki/Utah_Territory" title="Utah Territory">Utah Territory</a>. They continued as members of LDS Church, under the direction of <a href="/wiki/Brigham_Young" title="Brigham Young">Brigham Young</a>. Pratt helped establish the refugee settlements and fields at both <a href="/wiki/Garden_Grove,_Iowa" title="Garden Grove, Iowa">Garden Grove</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mount_Pisgah_(Iowa)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Pisgah (Iowa)">Mt. Pisgah, Iowa</a>. He personally led a pioneer company along the <a href="/wiki/Mormon_Trail" title="Mormon Trail">Mormon Trail</a> to the Salt Lake Valley. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life_in_Utah">Life in Utah</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parley_P._Pratt&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Life in Utah"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1849, Pratt was appointed one of the justices of the anticipated <a href="/wiki/State_of_Deseret" title="State of Deseret">state of Deseret</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He later served in the legislature of the provisional state of Deseret beginning in 1849.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this same time, as one of the seven members of the Quorum of the Twelve in Utah, he was among those who oversaw the division of Salt Lake City into <a href="/wiki/Ward_(LDS_Church)" title="Ward (LDS Church)">wards</a> and the organization of other wards in Utah.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sometime in the mid-1850s, working with <a href="/wiki/George_D._Watt" title="George D. Watt">George D. Watt</a>, Pratt helped develop the <a href="/wiki/Deseret_alphabet" title="Deseret alphabet">Deseret alphabet</a>. In 1854, Pratt went to San Francisco, California, to preside over the LDS Church's Pacific <a href="/wiki/Mission_(LDS_Church)" title="Mission (LDS Church)">Mission</a>. </p><p>After the organization of <a href="/wiki/Utah_Territory" title="Utah Territory">Utah Territory</a>, Pratt served intermittently in the <a href="/wiki/Utah_Territorial_Legislature" class="mw-redirect" title="Utah Territorial Legislature">territorial legislature</a>. In 1852, he was elected to the Territorial Council in a special election.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was re-elected in 1853, but only attended the 1853-54 session and did not return for the second year of his term.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the 1855-56 session, although not a member of the Council, he did serve as its <a href="/wiki/Chaplain" title="Chaplain">chaplain</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1856, he was again elected to a seat on the Council, but resigned before the session to leave on a mission.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death_and_legacy">Death and legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parley_P._Pratt&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Death and legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1856, Pratt went on a mission to the eastern United States. At that time, troubles were brewing in Pratt's life. Hector McLean was the estranged husband of one of Pratt's <a href="/wiki/Plural_marriage" class="mw-redirect" title="Plural marriage">plural wives</a>, Eleanor McLean. Pratt had met Eleanor in San Francisco, where he presided over a church mission. In San Francisco, Eleanor had joined the LDS Church and had also had her oldest sons baptized. Hector rejected Mormonism and opposed his wife's membership in the church. Though they did not divorce, the dispute led to the collapse of their marriage.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fearing that Eleanor would abscond to <a href="/wiki/Utah_Territory" title="Utah Territory">Utah Territory</a> with their children, Hector sent his sons and daughter to <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans,_Louisiana" class="mw-redirect" title="New Orleans, Louisiana">New Orleans, Louisiana</a>, to live with their maternal grandparents.<sup id="cite_ref-bagley2002p9_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bagley2002p9-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eleanor followed the children to New Orleans, where she lived with them for three months at her parents' house. Eventually, she and the children left for Utah Territory, via Texas; they arrived in <a href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_City" title="Salt Lake City">Salt Lake City</a> on September 11, 1855.<sup id="cite_ref-bagley2002p9_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bagley2002p9-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She worked in Pratt's home as a schoolteacher. On November 14, 1855, she and Pratt underwent a <a href="/wiki/Celestial_marriage" title="Celestial marriage">celestial marriage</a> <a href="/wiki/Sealing_(Latter_Day_Saints)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sealing (Latter Day Saints)">sealing ceremony</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Endowment_House" title="Endowment House">Endowment House</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bagley2002p9_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bagley2002p9-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was the twelfth woman to be sealed to Pratt. For religious and cultural reasons, Eleanor considered herself unmarried at the time of her sealing to Pratt, but she had not legally divorced from Hector.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While Pratt was serving a mission in the eastern states, Eleanor went to New Orleans to get her children. Eleanor then took the children from her parents and headed to Texas.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was at the same time that Pratt was serving as a missionary in New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Ohio. Because Eleanor took the children, Hector blamed Pratt.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hector pressed criminal charges, accusing Pratt of assisting in the kidnapping of his children.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pratt managed to evade him and the legal charges, but was finally arrested in <a href="/wiki/Indian_Territory" title="Indian Territory">Indian Territory</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a>) in May 1857.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pratt and Eleanor McLean were charged with theft of the clothing of McLean's children.<sup id="cite_ref-bagley2002p70_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bagley2002p70-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (The laws of that time did not recognize the kidnapping of children by a parent as a crime.) Tried before Judge <a href="/wiki/John_B._Ogden" title="John B. Ogden">John B. Ogden</a>, Pratt was acquitted because of a lack of evidence and Ogden's own feelings after interviewing Eleanor.<sup id="cite_ref-bagley2002p70_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bagley2002p70-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ogden sympathized with Eleanor and Pratt, because he was so disgusted by Hector's drinking and wife-beating.<sup id="cite_ref-Doug_Gibson_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Doug_Gibson-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shortly after being secretly released, on May 13, 1857, Pratt was shot and stabbed by Hector on a farm northeast of <a href="/wiki/Van_Buren,_Arkansas" title="Van Buren, Arkansas">Van Buren, Arkansas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bagley2002p70_41-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bagley2002p70-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He died two and a half hours later from loss of blood.<sup id="cite_ref-bagley2002p70_41-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bagley2002p70-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As Pratt was bleeding to death, a farmer asked what he had done to provoke the attack. Pratt said, "He accused me of taking his wife and children. I did not do it. They were oppressed, and I did for them what I would do for the oppressed any where."<sup id="cite_ref-bagley2002p70_41-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bagley2002p70-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pratt was buried near <a href="/wiki/Alma,_Arkansas" title="Alma, Arkansas">Alma, Arkansas</a>, despite his desire to be buried in <a href="/wiki/Utah_Territory" title="Utah Territory">Utah Territory</a>. </p><p>Some writers have viewed Pratt's death as the act of a jealous husband, deeply angered by a man who had "run off" with his wife.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2008 <i><a href="/wiki/Provo_Daily_Herald" class="mw-redirect" title="Provo Daily Herald">Provo Daily Herald</a></i> newspaper article characterized McLean as a man who had "hunted down" Pratt in retribution for "ruining his marriage".<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2008 <i><a href="/wiki/Deseret_News" title="Deseret News">Deseret News</a></i> article described McLean as a man who had "pursued Pratt across Missouri, Oklahoma and Arkansas, angry that his estranged wife, Eleanor, had become Pratt's 12th wife."<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many Mormons viewed Pratt's death as a <a href="/wiki/Martyrdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Martyrdom">martyrdom</a>; his dying words were said to be, "I am dying a martyr to the faith."<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2007 article in the <i><a href="/wiki/Deseret_Morning_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Deseret Morning News">Deseret Morning News</a></i> said that "Pratt was killed near Van Buren, Ark., in May 1857, by a small Arkansas band antagonistic toward his teachings".<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The historian <a href="/wiki/Will_Bagley" title="Will Bagley">Will Bagley</a> reports that McLean and two friends tracked Pratt after he was released by Van Buren's magistrate.<sup id="cite_ref-bagley2002p70_41-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bagley2002p70-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Brigham Young compared Pratt's death to <a href="/wiki/Death_of_Joseph_Smith" class="mw-redirect" title="Death of Joseph Smith">those of Joseph and Hyrum Smith</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other Mormons blamed the death on the state of Arkansas, or its people.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Due to Pratt's personal popularity and his position in the Quorum of the Twelve, his murder was a significant blow to the Latter-day Saint community in the Rocky Mountains.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pratt's violent death may also have played a part in events leading up to the <a href="/wiki/Mountain_Meadows_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Mountain Meadows massacre">Mountain Meadows massacre</a> a few months later.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the massacre, some Mormons circulated rumors that one or more members of the party had murdered Pratt,<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> poisoned creek water that subsequently sickened Paiute children,<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and allowed their cattle to graze on private property.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pratt was one of the better known Mormons among other Americans; for instance, in his 1864-published visit to the Mormons, <a href="/wiki/Fitz-Hugh_Ludlow" class="mw-redirect" title="Fitz-Hugh Ludlow">Fitz-Hugh Ludlow</a>, in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a></i> made a joke about "Mrs. Deacon Pratt" and referred to "<a href="/wiki/Parley%27s_Ca%C3%B1on" class="mw-redirect" title="Parley's Cañon">Parley's Cañon</a> (named after the celebrated Elder, Parley Pratt)."<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2008, Pratt's family received permission from an Arkansas judge to rebury his remains in the <a href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_City_Cemetery" title="Salt Lake City Cemetery">Salt Lake City Cemetery</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but no human remains were found at what was believed his gravesite.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> No further search efforts for Pratt's burial site have been planned.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family">Family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parley_P._Pratt&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Pratt_family" title="Pratt family">Pratt family</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Parley_P_Pratt_with_wife_Elizabeth_Brotherton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Parley_P_Pratt_with_wife_Elizabeth_Brotherton.jpg/250px-Parley_P_Pratt_with_wife_Elizabeth_Brotherton.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="313" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/Parley_P_Pratt_with_wife_Elizabeth_Brotherton.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="325" /></a><figcaption>Parley P. Pratt with his wife Elizabeth Brotherton</figcaption></figure> <p>Pratt practiced <a href="/wiki/Plural_marriage" class="mw-redirect" title="Plural marriage">plural marriage</a> and had 12 wives, 30 children, and 266 grandchildren. In 2011, Pratt's living descendants were estimated to number 30,000 to 50,000.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His first wife, Thankful Halsey Pratt, died following childbirth in March 1837. (Thankful was a widow ten years older than Pratt when she married him.) Pratt did, however, marry women averaging ten years younger than himself, the greatest age difference occurring with his marriage to his Ann Agatha Walker who was 18 to his 40 years. </p><p>On May 14, 1837, Pratt married his second wife, <a href="/wiki/Mary_Ann_Frost_Stearns_Pratt" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary Ann Frost Stearns Pratt">Mary Ann Frost Stearns</a> (1808–1891), a widow with a daughter. The marriage was performed by <a href="/wiki/Frederick_G._Williams" title="Frederick G. Williams">Frederick G. Williams</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Givens95_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Givens95-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mary Ann was a native of <a href="/wiki/Bethel,_Maine" title="Bethel, Maine">Bethel, Maine</a> (part of Massachusetts until 1820) whose first relative to join the church was <a href="/wiki/Patty_Bartlett_Sessions" title="Patty Bartlett Sessions">Patty Bartlett Sessions</a>, later a prominent midwife in Utah. Mary Ann was baptized by <a href="/wiki/David_W._Patten" title="David W. Patten">David W. Patten</a>. She had come to Kirtland as a widow in 1836.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Joseph Smith later condemned Latter-Day Saints for "marrying in five or six weeks, or even in two or three months, after the death of their companion."<sup id="cite_ref-Givens95_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Givens95-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pratt may have married Mary Ann so quickly to get back his infant son, although he remained in the care of <a href="/wiki/Mary_Ann_Young" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary Ann Young">Mary Ann Young</a> for nearly a year after Pratt remarried.<sup id="cite_ref-Givens95_61-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Givens95-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mary Ann and Pratt at times demonstrated a deep companionship in their marriage, most fully shown by her joining her husband in prison in Missouri.<sup id="cite_ref-Givens318_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Givens318-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After Pratt began practicing <a href="/wiki/Plural_marriage" class="mw-redirect" title="Plural marriage">polygamy</a>, they became estranged. Pratt suggested his falling out with Mary Ann was "stung by falsehoods which are circulated in the Church".<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some sources state that in 1843, Mary Ann Pratt <a href="/wiki/List_of_Joseph_Smith%27s_wives" title="List of Joseph Smith's wives">married Joseph Smith</a>, the church's founder. This marriage, however, does not appear on most lists of Smith's marriages. That same year, Smith married at least 17 other women—including Mary Ann's sister, Olive Grey Frost. Olive would marry Smith's successor, <a href="/wiki/Brigham_Young" title="Brigham Young">Brigham Young</a>, after Smith's death in 1844. </p><p>Pratt made several attempts to get Mary Ann to join him in traveling west in 1846 and 1847, but after spending the winter of 1846–47 in an abandoned <a href="/wiki/Nauvoo,_Illinois" title="Nauvoo, Illinois">Nauvoo</a>, she chose to return to Maine. Pratt provided her with clothes and money upon her return to Maine. She received some of the proceeds from the sale of Pratt's home to a Roman Catholic priest; the Nauvoo home is still used as a residence for Catholic priests.<sup id="cite_ref-Givens318_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Givens318-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1852, Mary Ann traveled to Utah Territory, but she and Pratt did not see eye to eye on how to raise their children. Mary Ann received a divorce decree issued by <a href="/wiki/Brigham_Young" title="Brigham Young">Brigham Young</a> in 1853.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mary Ann then settled in what is now <a href="/wiki/Pleasant_Grove,_Utah" title="Pleasant Grove, Utah">Pleasant Grove, Utah</a>. She worked as a midwife, remained in the LDS Church, and became a leading advocate for Mormon women against the attacks of those opposed to polygamy.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the fall of 1853, Pratt had seven living wives. These wives were: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Wife </th> <th>Life </th> <th>Date married Pratt </th> <th>Children together </th></tr> <tr> <td>Elizabeth Brotherton </td> <td>(1815–1897) </td> <td>July 24, 1844 </td> <td>1 adopted child </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mary Wood </td> <td>(1818–1898) </td> <td>September 9, 1844 </td> <td>4 children including <a href="/wiki/Helaman_Pratt" title="Helaman Pratt">Helaman Pratt</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hannahette Snively </td> <td>(1812–1898) </td> <td>November 2, 1844 </td> <td>3 children </td></tr> <tr> <td>Belinda Marden </td> <td>(1820–1894) </td> <td>November 20, 1844 </td> <td>5 children </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sarah Houston </td> <td>(1822–1886) </td> <td>October 15, 1844 </td> <td>4 children </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phoebe Elizabeth Soper </td> <td>(1823–1887) </td> <td>February 8, 1846 </td> <td>3 children </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ann Agatha Walker </td> <td>(1829–1908) </td> <td>April 28, 1847 </td> <td>5 children </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Agatha ran a millinery business in Salt Lake City.<sup id="cite_ref-Givens323_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Givens323-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other wives of Pratt: </p> <ul><li>Martha Monks (1825–?). Married Pratt April 28, 1847. One child died shortly after birth. After this Martha abandoned Pratt in early 1849 and moved to California.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Keziah Downes (1812–1876). Married Pratt on December 27, 1853. They did not have any children. She lived in the same house as five of Pratt's other wives and helped them in raising their children.<sup id="cite_ref-Givens323_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Givens323-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Eleanor Jane McComb (1817–1874). Married Pratt on November 14, 1855.</li></ul> <p>Pratt's constant missions left him little time with his family. After he started practicing plural marriage, the longest period of time he had with his family were the 18 months following his return from a mission to Chile.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/Terryl_Givens" title="Terryl Givens">Terryl L. Givens</a> and <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Grow" title="Matthew Grow">Matthew J. Grow</a>, Pratt's "highest happiness was to be surrounded by a teeming domestic world of multiple wives and offspring."<sup id="cite_ref-Givens396_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Givens396-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They noted that he also had an "antisocial bent".<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of Pratt's grandsons, William King Driggs, was the father of the <a href="/wiki/King_Sisters" class="mw-redirect" title="King Sisters">King Sisters</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney" title="Mitt Romney">Mitt Romney</a>, the Massachusetts governor (2003–07) and the 2012 <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> nominee for the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">U.S. presidency</a>, is one of Pratt's great-great-grandsons.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of Pratt's great-great-great-grandsons is <a href="/wiki/Jon_Huntsman,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Jon Huntsman, Jr.">Jon Huntsman</a>, the former Utah governor and Ambassador to China, and an unsuccessful candidate for the 2012 Republican presidential nomination.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Outside of politics, he was the great-great grandfather of animator <a href="/wiki/Don_Bluth" title="Don Bluth">Don Bluth</a>, as well as his brother <a href="/wiki/Toby_Bluth" title="Toby Bluth">Toby Bluth</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Memorials">Memorials</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parley_P._Pratt&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Memorials"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Pratt explored, surveyed, and built the first public road in <a href="/wiki/Parley%27s_Canyon" class="mw-redirect" title="Parley's Canyon">Parley's Canyon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_City" title="Salt Lake City">Salt Lake City</a>, which is named in his honor.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>His escape from the Columbia Jail on July 4, 1839, has been commemorated in Columbia, Missouri,<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with a "freedom run"<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> each Independence Day since 1983.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parley_P._Pratt&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/35554">A Voice of Warning</a></i> (1837) (ebook from Project Gutenberg)</li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mormonismunveile01prat">Mormonism unveiled: Zion's watchman unmasked, and its editor, Mr. L.R. Sunderland, exposed : truth vindicated : the devil mad, and priestcraft in danger!</a></i> (1838) (scans from Church History Library at Archive.org)</li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/NCMP1820-1846&CISOPTR=2832&CISOSHOW=2163">The Millennium and Other Poems</a></i> (1840) (scans from BYU library)</li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/NCMP1820-1846&CISOPTR=2825&CISOSHOW=1107">Late Persecutions of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints: With a Sketch of Their Rise, Progress and Doctrine</a></i> (1840) (scans from BYU library)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Dialogue_between_Joseph_Smith_and_the_Devil" class="mw-redirect" title="A Dialogue between Joseph Smith and the Devil">A Dialogue between Joseph Smith and the Devil</a>", 1844</li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/35470">Key to the Science of Theology</a></i> (1855) (ebook from Project Gutenberg)</li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/NCMP1820-1846&CISOPTR=17404&CISOSHOW=17299">Key to the Science of Theology</a></i> (1855) (scans from BYU library)</li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/NCMP1820-1846&CISOPTR=17400&CISOSHOW=16223">The Autobiography of Parley Parker Pratt</a></i> (1874, posthumous) (scans from BYU library)</li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/44896">The Autobiography of Parley Parker Pratt</a></i> (ebook from Project Gutenberg of 1888 edition)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parley_P._Pratt&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Christus_statue_temple_square_salt_lake_city.jpg/32px-Christus_statue_temple_square_salt_lake_city.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Christus_statue_temple_square_salt_lake_city.jpg/48px-Christus_statue_temple_square_salt_lake_city.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Christus_statue_temple_square_salt_lake_city.jpg/64px-Christus_statue_temple_square_salt_lake_city.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1067" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Latter_Day_Saint_movement" title="Portal:Latter Day Saint movement">Latter Day Saint movement portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LDS_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="LDS fiction">LDS fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latter_Day_Saint_martyrs" title="Latter Day Saint martyrs">Latter Day Saint martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_family" title="Pratt family">Pratt family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints_in_Arkansas" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Arkansas">The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Morning_Breaks,_the_Shadows_Flee" title="The Morning Breaks, the Shadows Flee">The Morning Breaks, the Shadows Flee</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parley_P._Pratt&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:254329894">254329894</a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 5,</span> 2007</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dialogue%3A+A+Journal+of+Mormon+Thought&rft.atitle=Nauvoo+Roots+of+Mormon+Polygamy%2C+1841-46%3A+A+Preliminary+Demographic+Report&rft.ssn=spring&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-72&rft.date=1994&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A254329894%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F45228320%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F45228320&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=George+D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.lib.utah.edu%2Fcdm4%2Fdocument.php%3FCISOROOT%3D%252Fdialogue%26CISOPTR%3D15882%26REC%3D3%26CISOBOX%3D42&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParley+P.+Pratt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 25,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deseret+News&rft.atitle=Result+of+the+Election+in+the+Territory+of+Utah%2C+held+on+the+first+Monday+of+August%2C+1853.&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1853-10-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewspapers.lib.utah.edu%2Fdetails%3Fid%3D2582291&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParley+P.+Pratt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGivensGrow2011">Givens & Grow 2011</a>, p. 367.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/details?id=2573752">"Proclamation by the Governor"</a>. <i>Deseret News</i>. September 3, 1856. p. 5<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 10,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deseret+News&rft.atitle=Proclamation+by+the+Governor&rft.pages=5&rft.date=1856-09-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewspapers.lib.utah.edu%2Fdetails%3Fid%3D2573752&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParley+P.+Pratt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBagley2002">Bagley 2002</a>, p. 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bagley2002p9-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bagley2002p9_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bagley2002p9_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bagley2002p9_33-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBagley2002">Bagley 2002</a>, p. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Millennial_Star" title="Millennial Star">Millennial Star</a></i> <b>19</b>:432.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/New_York_World" title="New York World">New York World</a></i>, 23 November 1869, p. 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPratt1975">Pratt 1975</a>, pp. 6, 9, 24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGivensGrow2011">Givens & Grow 2011</a>, p. 373.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGivensGrow2011">Givens & Grow 2011</a>, pp. 372–73.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPratt1975">Pratt 1975</a>, p. 241</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBagley2002">Bagley 2002</a>, p. 69.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bagley2002p70-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bagley2002p70_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bagley2002p70_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bagley2002p70_41-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bagley2002p70_41-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bagley2002p70_41-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bagley2002p70_41-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBagley2002">Bagley 2002</a>, p. 70.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Doug_Gibson-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Doug_Gibson_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGibson2011" class="citation news cs1">Gibson, Doug (August 30, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140503190212/http://blogs.standard.net/the-political-surf/2011/08/30/mormon-apostle-pratt-suffered-a-violent-death-at-the-hands-of-a-cuckold/">"Mormon apostle Pratt suffered a violent death at the hands of a cuckold"</a>. The Political Surf. <i><a href="/wiki/Standard-Examiner" title="Standard-Examiner">Standard-Examiner</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.standard.net/the-political-surf/2011/08/30/mormon-apostle-pratt-suffered-a-violent-death-at-the-hands-of-a-cuckold/">the original</a> on May 3, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 5,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Standard-Examiner&rft.atitle=Mormon+apostle+Pratt+suffered+a+violent+death+at+the+hands+of+a+cuckold&rft.date=2011-08-30&rft.aulast=Gibson&rft.aufirst=Doug&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.standard.net%2Fthe-political-surf%2F2011%2F08%2F30%2Fmormon-apostle-pratt-suffered-a-violent-death-at-the-hands-of-a-cuckold%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParley+P.+Pratt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCapurro2007" class="citation book cs1">Capurro, Wayne Atilio (2007). <i>White Flag: America's First 9/11</i>. <a href="/wiki/AuthorHouse" title="AuthorHouse">AuthorHouse</a>. p. 40. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4259-9565-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4259-9565-2"><bdi>978-1-4259-9565-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/169899686">169899686</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=White+Flag%3A+America%27s+First+9%2F11&rft.pages=40&rft.pub=AuthorHouse&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F169899686&rft.isbn=978-1-4259-9565-2&rft.aulast=Capurro&rft.aufirst=Wayne+Atilio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParley+P.+Pratt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110911172818/http://www.heraldextra.com/news/local/article_ca8110b7-dd43-5d09-9a9d-a41914b8f604.html">"No remains found in dig for Parley P. Pratt"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Herald_(Utah)" title="Daily Herald (Utah)">Daily Herald</a></i>. 23 April 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heraldextra.com/news/local/article_ca8110b7-dd43-5d09-9a9d-a41914b8f604.html">the original</a> on 11 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 30,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Herald&rft.atitle=No+remains+found+in+dig+for+Parley+P.+Pratt&rft.date=2008-04-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heraldextra.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Farticle_ca8110b7-dd43-5d09-9a9d-a41914b8f604.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParley+P.+Pratt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2008" class="citation news cs1">Smith, Robert J. (4 April 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110714140740/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/695267318/Relatives-get-OK-to-disinter-move-Parley-P-Pratt.html">"Relatives get OK to disinter, move Parley P. Pratt"</a>. <i>Deseret News</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.deseretnews.com/article/695267318/Relatives-get-OK-to-disinter-move-Parley-P-Pratt.html/">the original</a> on July 14, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 30,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deseret+News&rft.atitle=Relatives+get+OK+to+disinter%2C+move+Parley+P.+Pratt&rft.date=2008-04-04&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Robert+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.deseretnews.com%2Farticle%2F695267318%2FRelatives-get-OK-to-disinter-move-Parley-P-Pratt.html%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParley+P.+Pratt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPratt1975">Pratt 1975</a>, p. 248 ("I am dying a martyr to the faith").</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John A. Peel, "Dying Remarks of Parley P. Pratt," LDS Church Archives. "Peel was in Van Buren at the time of the murder, but his statement was not taken down by Frank Poneroy until 1895."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoore2007" class="citation news cs1">Moore, Carrie A. (14 April 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20131021203431/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/660211702/LDS-tied-events-to-bisect-in-Arkansas.html">"LDS-tied events to bisect in Arkansas"</a>. <i>Deseret Morning News</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.deseretnews.com/article/1,5143,660211702,00.html?pg=1">the original</a> on 21 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 30,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deseret+Morning+News&rft.atitle=LDS-tied+events+to+bisect+in+Arkansas&rft.date=2007-04-14&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Carrie+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.deseretnews.com%2Farticle%2F1%2C5143%2C660211702%2C00.html%3Fpg%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParley+P.+Pratt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Reminiscences of Mrs. A. Agatha Pratt", January 7, F564, #16, LDS Church Archives (stating that Young said, "Nothing has happened so hard to reconcile my mind to since the death of Joseph.").</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrooks1950">Brooks 1950</a>, pp. 36–37; <a href="#CITEREFLinn1902">Linn 1902</a>, pp. 519–20 ("It was in accordance with Mormon policy to hold every Arkansan accountable for Pratt's death, just as every Missourian was hated because of the expulsion of the church from that state.").</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">LDS Church leaders learned about the death on June 23, 1857 (<i>Wilford Woodruff Journal</i>). The murder was first reported in the <i><a href="/wiki/Deseret_News" title="Deseret News">Deseret News</a></i> on July 1, 1857.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBagley2002">Bagley 2002</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBagley2002">Bagley 2002</a>, p. 98 (identification by the widow Pratt).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBagley2002">Bagley 2002</a>, pp. 105–10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBagley2002">Bagley 2002</a>, p. 102.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFitz-Hugh_Ludlow1864" class="citation web cs1">Fitz-Hugh Ludlow (April 1864). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1864/04/among-the-mormons/306013/?single_page=true">"Among the Mormons: A nineteenth-century writer meets Brigham Young and explores the 'City of Saints' (republication)"</a>. <i>TheAtlantic.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 13,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TheAtlantic.com&rft.atitle=Among+the+Mormons%3A+A+nineteenth-century+writer+meets+Brigham+Young+and+explores+the+%27City+of+Saints%27+%28republication%29&rft.date=1864-04&rft.au=Fitz-Hugh+Ludlow&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fmagazine%2Farchive%2F1864%2F04%2Famong-the-mormons%2F306013%2F%3Fsingle_page%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParley+P.+Pratt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ksl.com/?nid=148&sid=2998382">"Ark. judge: Remains of early LDS leader can be moved to Utah"</a>. <a href="/wiki/KSL-TV" title="KSL-TV">KSL-TV</a> (AP). 3 April 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 30,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ark.+judge%3A+Remains+of+early+LDS+leader+can+be+moved+to+Utah&rft.date=2008-04-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ksl.com%2F%3Fnid%3D148%26sid%3D2998382&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParley+P.+Pratt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080427032423/https://www.heraldextra.com/content/view/263897/">"No remains found in dig for Parley P. Pratt"</a>. <i>Daily Herald (AP)</i>. 23 April 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heraldextra.com/content/view/263897/">the original</a> on 2008-04-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 30,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Herald+%28AP%29&rft.atitle=No+remains+found+in+dig+for+Parley+P.+Pratt&rft.date=2008-04-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heraldextra.com%2Fcontent%2Fview%2F263897%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParley+P.+Pratt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131021190806/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&p_theme=sltb&p_action=search&d_sltb=&s_dispstring=headline%28Search%20for%20Parley%20Pratt%27s%20remains%20yields%20nothing%20but%20Arkansas%20clay%29">"Search for Parley Pratt's remains yields nothing but Arkansas clay"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Salt_Lake_Tribune" title="The Salt Lake Tribune">The Salt Lake Tribune</a> (AP)</i>. 25 April 2008. Article archive ID: 9050460. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&p_theme=sltb&p_action=search&d_sltb=&s_dispstring=headline%28Search%20for%20Parley%20Pratt%27s%20remains%20yields%20nothing%20but%20Arkansas%20clay%29">the original</a> on 2013-10-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 30,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Salt+Lake+Tribune+%28AP%29&rft.atitle=Search+for+Parley+Pratt%27s+remains+yields+nothing+but+Arkansas+clay&rft.date=2008-04-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnl.newsbank.com%2Fnl-search%2Fwe%2FArchives%3Fp_product%3DSLTB%26p_theme%3Dsltb%26p_action%3Dsearch%26d_sltb%3D%26s_dispstring%3Dheadline%2528Search%2520for%2520Parley%2520Pratt%2527s%2520remains%2520yields%2520nothing%2520but%2520Arkansas%2520clay%2529&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParley+P.+Pratt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGivensGrow2011">Givens & Grow 2011</a>, p. 342.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Givens95-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Givens95_61-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Givens95_61-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Givens95_61-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGivensGrow2011">Givens & Grow 2011</a>, p. 95.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGivensGrow2011">Givens & Grow 2011</a>, p. 94.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Givens318-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Givens318_63-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Givens318_63-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGivensGrow2011">Givens & Grow 2011</a>, p. 318.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGivensGrow2011">Givens & Grow 2011</a>, p. 317.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGivensGrow2011">Givens & Grow 2011</a>, pp. 317–18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGivensGrow2011">Givens & Grow 2011</a>, pp. 318–19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Givens323-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Givens323_67-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Givens323_67-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGivensGrow2011">Givens & Grow 2011</a>, p. 323.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGivensGrow2011">Givens & Grow 2011</a>, pp. 277–78.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGivensGrow2011">Givens & Grow 2011</a>, p. 316</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Givens396-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Givens396_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGivensGrow2011">Givens & Grow 2011</a>, p. 396.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGivensGrow2011">Givens & Grow 2011</a>, p. 237.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Romney is descended from <a href="/wiki/Helaman_Pratt" title="Helaman Pratt">Helaman Pratt</a>, a son of Pratt's fourth wife, Mary Wood (<a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a>, 18 June 1818 – <a href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_City,_Utah" class="mw-redirect" title="Salt Lake City, Utah">Salt Lake City, Utah</a>, 5 March 1898). She was the daughter of Samuel Wood (<a href="/wiki/Baptized" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptized">baptized</a> <a href="/wiki/Dumfries" title="Dumfries">Dumfries</a>, 8 July 1798) and wife (m. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mungo,_Dumfriesshire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mungo, Dumfriesshire (page does not exist)">Mungo, Dumfriesshire</a>, 18 July 1816) Margaret Orr (<a href="/wiki/Baptized" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptized">baptized</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Inverchaolin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inverchaolin (page does not exist)">Inverchaolin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Argyllshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Argyllshire">Argyllshire</a>, 15 August 1793 – 1852.)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDobnerJohnson2007" class="citation news cs1">Dobner, Jennifer; Johnson, Glen (25 February 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100929053149/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/660198565/Polygamy-was-prominent-in-Romneys-family-tree.html">"Polygamy was prominent in Romney's family tree"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Deseret_News" title="Deseret News">Deseret News</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">AP</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.deseretnews.com/article/660198565/Polygamy-was-prominent-in-Romneys-family-tree.html">the original</a> on September 29, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-03-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deseret+News&rft.atitle=Polygamy+was+prominent+in+Romney%27s+family+tree&rft.date=2007-02-25&rft.aulast=Dobner&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft.au=Johnson%2C+Glen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.deseretnews.com%2Farticle%2F660198565%2FPolygamy-was-prominent-in-Romneys-family-tree.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParley+P.+Pratt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDobner2011" class="citation news cs1">Dobner, Jennifer (June 23, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110626134547/http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5hLYi93loZD6ZkffdtX7eFTfKVl9A">"Romney, Huntsman compete in Mormon primary"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5hLYi93loZD6ZkffdtX7eFTfKVl9A">the original</a> on June 26, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=Romney%2C+Huntsman+compete+in+Mormon+primary&rft.date=2011-06-23&rft.aulast=Dobner&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fhostednews%2Fap%2Farticle%2FALeqM5hLYi93loZD6ZkffdtX7eFTfKVl9A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParley+P.+Pratt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_Atta,_Dale1977" class="citation news cs1">Van Atta, Dale (Jan 22, 1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=sa9SAAAAIBAJ&pg=2503%2C5092871">"You name it - there's a town for it"</a>. <i>The Deseret News</i>. pp. W6<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Deseret+News&rft.atitle=You+name+it+-+there%27s+a+town+for+it&rft.pages=W6&rft.date=1977-01-22&rft.au=Van+Atta%2C+Dale&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3Dsa9SAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D2503%252C5092871&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParley+P.+Pratt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Autobiography of Parley Parker Pratt,</i> chapter 32, pp. 274–89</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIsraelson1999" class="citation news cs1">Israelson, Craig (17 July 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thechurchnews.com/archive/1999-07-17/freedom-run-commemorates-parley-p-pratts-escape-from-jail-16001">"Freedom run commemorates Parley P. Pratt's escape from jail"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Church_News" title="Church News">Church News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-03-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Church+News&rft.atitle=Freedom+run+commemorates+Parley+P.+Pratt%27s+escape+from+jail&rft.date=1999-07-17&rft.aulast=Israelson&rft.aufirst=Craig&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thechurchnews.com%2Farchive%2F1999-07-17%2Ffreedom-run-commemorates-parley-p-pratts-escape-from-jail-16001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParley+P.+Pratt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStroup2010" class="citation news cs1">Stroup, Megan (6 July 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://comoneighborhoods.wordpress.com/2010/07/06/parley-p-pratt-memorial-run/">"Parley P. Pratt memorial run"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Missourian" title="Columbia Missourian">Columbia Missourian</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Columbia+Missourian&rft.atitle=Parley+P.+Pratt+memorial+run&rft.date=2010-07-06&rft.aulast=Stroup&rft.aufirst=Megan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcomoneighborhoods.wordpress.com%2F2010%2F07%2F06%2Fparley-p-pratt-memorial-run%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParley+P.+Pratt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parley_P._Pratt&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllenLeonard1976" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_B._Allen_(historian)" title="James B. Allen (historian)">Allen, James B.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Glen_M._Leonard" title="Glen M. Leonard">Leonard, Glen M.</a> (1976). <a href="/wiki/The_Story_of_the_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Story of the Latter-day Saints"><i>The Story of the Latter-day Saints</i></a>. Salt Lake City, Utah: <a href="/wiki/Deseret_Book_Co." class="mw-redirect" title="Deseret Book Co.">Deseret Book Co.</a> <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87747-594-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-87747-594-6"><bdi>0-87747-594-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Story+of+the+Latter-day+Saints&rft.place=Salt+Lake+City%2C+Utah&rft.pub=Deseret+Book+Co.&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=0-87747-594-6&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=James+B.&rft.au=Leonard%2C+Glen+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParley+P.+Pratt" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArave2007" class="citation news cs1">Arave, Lynn (5 January 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120710211457/http://deseretnews.com/dn/view/0,1249,650218849,00.html">"Tidbits of history — Unusual highlights of Salt Lake County"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Deseret_Morning_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Deseret Morning News">Deseret Morning News</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Deseret_Morning_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Deseret Morning News">Deseret Morning News</a>. p. S1–S2. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://deseretnews.com/dn/view/0,1249,650218849,00.html">the original</a> on July 10, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deseret+Morning+News&rft.atitle=Tidbits+of+history+%E2%80%94+Unusual+highlights+of+Salt+Lake+County&rft.pages=S1-S2&rft.date=2007-01-05&rft.aulast=Arave&rft.aufirst=Lynn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdeseretnews.com%2Fdn%2Fview%2F0%2C1249%2C650218849%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParley+P.+Pratt" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBagley2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Will_Bagley" title="Will Bagley">Bagley, Will</a> (2002). <a href="/wiki/Blood_of_the_Prophets,_Brigham_Young_and_the_Massacre_at_Mountain_Meadows" class="mw-redirect" title="Blood of the Prophets, Brigham Young and the Massacre at Mountain Meadows"><i>Blood of the Prophets, Brigham Young and the Massacre at Mountain Meadows</i></a>. Norman, Oklahoma: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oklahoma_Press" title="University of Oklahoma Press">University of Oklahoma Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8061-3426-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-8061-3426-7"><bdi>0-8061-3426-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Blood+of+the+Prophets%2C+Brigham+Young+and+the+Massacre+at+Mountain+Meadows&rft.place=Norman%2C+Oklahoma&rft.pub=University+of+Oklahoma+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-8061-3426-7&rft.aulast=Bagley&rft.aufirst=Will&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParley+P.+Pratt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrooks1950" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Juanita_Brooks" title="Juanita Brooks">Brooks, Juanita</a> (1950). <a href="/wiki/The_Mountain_Meadows_Massacre_(book)" title="The Mountain Meadows Massacre (book)"><i>The Mountain Meadows Massacre</i></a>. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8061-2318-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8061-2318-4"><bdi>0-8061-2318-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mountain+Meadows+Massacre&rft.place=Norman%2C+Oklahoma&rft.pub=University+of+Oklahoma+Press&rft.date=1950&rft.isbn=0-8061-2318-4&rft.aulast=Brooks&rft.aufirst=Juanita&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParley+P.+Pratt" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrawley1990" class="citation book cs1">Crawley, Peter L., ed. (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://signaturebookslibrary.org/?p=14315"><i>The Essential Parley P. Pratt</i></a>. Classics in Mormon Thought. Vol. 1. Salt Lake City: <a href="/wiki/Signature_Books" title="Signature Books">Signature Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-941214-84-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-941214-84-2"><bdi>0-941214-84-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Essential+Parley+P.+Pratt&rft.place=Salt+Lake+City&rft.series=Classics+in+Mormon+Thought&rft.pub=Signature+Books&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-941214-84-2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsignaturebookslibrary.org%2F%3Fp%3D14315&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParley+P.+Pratt" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGivensGrow2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Terryl_Givens" title="Terryl Givens">Givens, Terryl L.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Grow" title="Matthew Grow">Grow, Matthew J.</a> (2011). <i>Parley P. Pratt: The Apostle Paul of Mormonism</i>. New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-537573-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-537573-2"><bdi>978-0-19-537573-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Parley+P.+Pratt%3A+The+Apostle+Paul+of+Mormonism&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-19-537573-2&rft.aulast=Givens&rft.aufirst=Terryl+L.&rft.au=Grow%2C+Matthew+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParley+P.+Pratt" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLinn1902" class="citation book cs1">Linn, William Alexander (1902). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/storyofmormons00linn"><i>The Story of the Mormons: From the Date of their Origin to the Year 1901</i></a>. New York: Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/621583">621583</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Story+of+the+Mormons%3A+From+the+Date+of+their+Origin+to+the+Year+1901&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1902&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F621583&rft.aulast=Linn&rft.aufirst=William+Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstoryofmormons00linn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParley+P.+Pratt" class="Z3988"></span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/thestoryofthemor00linnuoft">scanned versions</a>).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLudlow1978" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_H._Ludlow" title="Daniel H. Ludlow">Ludlow, Daniel H.</a> (1978). <i>A Companion to Your Study of the Doctrine and Covenants</i>. Salt Lake City: Deseret Book Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57345-224-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-57345-224-6"><bdi>1-57345-224-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Companion+to+Your+Study+of+the+Doctrine+and+Covenants&rft.place=Salt+Lake+City&rft.pub=Deseret+Book+Co.&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=1-57345-224-6&rft.aulast=Ludlow&rft.aufirst=Daniel+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParley+P.+Pratt" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLudlow1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_H._Ludlow" title="Daniel H. Ludlow">Ludlow, Daniel H.</a>, ed. (1992). <i>Church History, Selections From the Encyclopedia of Mormonism</i>. Salt Lake City: Deseret Book Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87579-924-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-87579-924-8"><bdi>0-87579-924-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Church+History%2C+Selections+From+the+Encyclopedia+of+Mormonism&rft.place=Salt+Lake+City&rft.pub=Deseret+Book+Co.&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-87579-924-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParley+P.+Pratt" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPratt1985" class="citation book cs1">Pratt, Parley P. (1985) [1874]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/NCMP1820-1846&CISOPTR=17400&CISOSHOW=16223"><i>Autobiography of Parley P. Pratt</i></a>. Classics in Mormon Literature. Salt Lake City: <a href="/wiki/Deseret_Book" class="mw-redirect" title="Deseret Book">Deseret Book</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87747-740-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-87747-740-X"><bdi>0-87747-740-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Autobiography+of+Parley+P.+Pratt&rft.place=Salt+Lake+City&rft.series=Classics+in+Mormon+Literature&rft.pub=Deseret+Book&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=0-87747-740-X&rft.aulast=Pratt&rft.aufirst=Parley+P.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcontentdm.lib.byu.edu%2Fcdm4%2Fdocument.php%3FCISOROOT%3D%2FNCMP1820-1846%26CISOPTR%3D17400%26CISOSHOW%3D16223&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParley+P.+Pratt" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPratt1975" class="citation journal cs1">Pratt, Steven (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120319030316/http://byustudies.byu.edu/PDFLibrary/EntireJournals/1975_v15_n02%2062c110e1-70b8-4cfa-a03d-6b1b654a3439.pdf">"Eleanor McLean and the Murder of Parley P. Pratt"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/BYU_Studies" title="BYU Studies">BYU Studies</a></i>. <b>15</b> (2): 225–256. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://byustudies.byu.edu/PDFLibrary/EntireJournals/1975_v15_n02%2062c110e1-70b8-4cfa-a03d-6b1b654a3439.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2012-03-19.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BYU+Studies&rft.atitle=Eleanor+McLean+and+the+Murder+of+Parley+P.+Pratt&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=225-256&rft.date=1975&rft.aulast=Pratt&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbyustudies.byu.edu%2FPDFLibrary%2FEntireJournals%2F1975_v15_n02%252062c110e1-70b8-4cfa-a03d-6b1b654a3439.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParley+P.+Pratt" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sidneyrigdon.com/dbroadhu/MO/Misr1850.htm#052557">"Tragical"</a>. <i>Daily Missouri Republican</i>. May 25, 1857.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Missouri+Republican&rft.atitle=Tragical&rft.date=1857-05-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sidneyrigdon.com%2Fdbroadhu%2FMO%2FMisr1850.htm%23052557&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParley+P.+Pratt" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWard1857" class="citation news cs1">Ward, C.G. (May 26, 1857). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sidneyrigdon.com/dbroadhu/MO/Misr1850.htm#052657">"The Mormon Tragedy in Arkansas: Interesting Details of the Circumstances of Elder Pratt's Death"</a>. <i>Daily Missouri Republican</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Missouri+Republican&rft.atitle=The+Mormon+Tragedy+in+Arkansas%3A+Interesting+Details+of+the+Circumstances+of+Elder+Pratt%27s+Death&rft.date=1857-05-26&rft.aulast=Ward&rft.aufirst=C.G.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sidneyrigdon.com%2Fdbroadhu%2FMO%2FMisr1850.htm%23052657&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParley+P.+Pratt" class="Z3988"></span>.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parley_P._Pratt&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original works by or about:<br /><b style="text-align: center;"><i><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Parley_Parker_Pratt" class="extiw" title="s:Author:Parley Parker Pratt">Parley P. Pratt</a></i></b></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/37697">Works by Parley P. Pratt</a> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Pratt%2C%20Parley%20Parker%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Pratt%2C%20Parley%20P%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Pratt%2C%20P%2E%20P%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Parley%20Parker%20Pratt%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Parley%20P%2E%20Pratt%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22P%2E%20P%2E%20Pratt%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Pratt%2C%20Parley%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Parley%20Pratt%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Parley%20Parker%20Pratt%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Parley%20P%2E%20Pratt%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22P%2E%20P%2E%20Pratt%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22P%2E%20Parker%20Pratt%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Pratt%2C%20Parley%20Parker%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Pratt%2C%20Parley%20P%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Pratt%2C%20P%2E%20P%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Pratt%2C%20P%2E%20Parker%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Parley%20Pratt%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Pratt%2C%20Parley%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Parley%20Parker%20Pratt%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Parley%20P%2E%20Pratt%22%20OR%20title%3A%22P%2E%20P%2E%20Pratt%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Parley%20Pratt%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Parley%20Parker%20Pratt%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Parley%20P%2E%20Pratt%22%20OR%20description%3A%22P%2E%20P%2E%20Pratt%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Pratt%2C%20Parley%20Parker%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Pratt%2C%20Parley%20P%2E%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Parley%20Pratt%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Pratt%2C%20Parley%22%29%20OR%20%28%221807-1857%22%20AND%20Pratt%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Parley P. Pratt</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/author/10866">Works by Parley P. Pratt</a> at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> (public domain audiobooks) <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/23px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gordonbanks.com/gordon/family/pppratt.html">History of Parley P. Pratt</a> from gordonbanks.com</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.angells.com/pratt">Parley P. Pratt Grave Site</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060719110813/http://www.angells.com/pratt/">Archived</a> 2006-07-19 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> from angells.com</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jared.pratt-family.org/parley_histories/list_parley_histories.html">Documents about Parley P. Pratt</a> at pratt-family.org</li> <li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parleypprattrun.org">Official website</a></span></span> of the Parley P. Pratt Memorial Freedom Run/Walk</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.lib.byu.edu/repositories/14/resources/5039">Parley P. Pratt papers, MSS 7</a> at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sites.lib.byu.edu/sc/">L. Tom Perry Special Collections</a>, Brigham Young University</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FABE60;"><a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints titles</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_E._M%27Lellin" class="mw-redirect" title="William E. M'Lellin">William E. M'Lellin</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Quorum_of_the_Twelve_Apostles_(LDS_Church)" title="Quorum of the Twelve Apostles (LDS Church)">Quorum of the Twelve Apostles</a> </b><br />February 21, 1835 – May 13, 1857 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Luke_Johnson_(Mormon)" title="Luke Johnson (Mormon)">Luke S. Johnson</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:LDSApostles" title="Template:LDSApostles"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:LDSApostles" title="Template talk:LDSApostles"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:LDSApostles" title="Special:EditPage/Template:LDSApostles"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Apostles_of_The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Apostle_(Latter_Day_Saints)" title="Apostle (Latter Day Saints)">Apostles</a> of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Smith" title="Joseph Smith">J. Smith</a> (1829–44)<sup id="cite_ref-not12_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-not12-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cowdery" title="Oliver Cowdery">Cowdery</a> (1829–38)<sup id="cite_ref-not12_78-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-not12-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-excommunication_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-excommunication-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Whitmer" title="David Whitmer">Whitmer</a> (1829–38)<sup id="cite_ref-not12_78-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-not12-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-excommunication_79-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-excommunication-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Harris_(Latter_Day_Saints)" title="Martin Harris (Latter Day Saints)">Harris</a> (unknown–1837)<sup id="cite_ref-not12_78-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-not12-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-excommunication_79-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-excommunication-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_B._Marsh" title="Thomas B. Marsh">Marsh</a> (1835–39)<sup id="cite_ref-excommunication_79-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-excommunication-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_W._Patten" title="David W. Patten">Patten</a> (1835–38)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigham_Young" title="Brigham Young">B. Young Sr.</a> (1835–77)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heber_C._Kimball" title="Heber C. Kimball">H. C. Kimball</a> (1835–68)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orson_Hyde" title="Orson Hyde">Hyde</a> (1835–78)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_E._McLellin" title="William E. McLellin">McLellin</a> (1835–38)<sup id="cite_ref-excommunication_79-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-excommunication-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">P. P. Pratt</a> (1835–57)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_Johnson_(Mormon)" title="Luke Johnson (Mormon)">Luke Johnson</a> (1835–37)<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Smith_(Latter_Day_Saints)" title="William Smith (Latter Day Saints)">Wm. Smith</a> (1835–45)<sup id="cite_ref-excommunication_79-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-excommunication-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orson_Pratt" title="Orson Pratt">O. Pratt</a> (1835–81)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Boynton" title="John F. Boynton">Boynton</a> (1835–37)<sup id="cite_ref-excommunication_79-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-excommunication-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyman_E._Johnson" title="Lyman E. Johnson">L. E. Johnson</a> (1835–38)<sup id="cite_ref-excommunication_79-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-excommunication-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_E._Page" title="John E. Page">Page</a> (1838–46)<sup id="cite_ref-excommunication_79-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-excommunication-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Taylor_(Mormon)" title="John Taylor (Mormon)">J. Taylor</a> (1838–87)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilford_Woodruff" title="Wilford Woodruff">W. Woodruff</a> (1839–98)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_A._Smith" title="George A. Smith">G. A. Smith</a> (1839–75)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willard_Richards" title="Willard Richards">W. Richards</a> (1840–54)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyman_Wight" title="Lyman Wight">Wight</a> (1841–48)<sup id="cite_ref-excommunication_79-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-excommunication-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyrum_Smith" title="Hyrum Smith">H. Smith</a> (1841–44)<sup id="cite_ref-not12_78-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-not12-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amasa_Lyman" title="Amasa Lyman">A. M. Lyman</a> (1842–67)<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezra_T._Benson" title="Ezra T. Benson">Benson</a> (1846–69)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_C._Rich" title="Charles C. Rich">Rich</a> (1849–83)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Snow" title="Lorenzo Snow">L. Snow</a> (1849–1901)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erastus_Snow" title="Erastus Snow">E. Snow</a> (1849–88)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Richards_(Mormon_apostle)" title="Franklin D. Richards (Mormon apostle)">F. D. Richards</a> (1849–99)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jedediah_M._Grant" title="Jedediah M. Grant">J. M. Grant</a> (1854–56)<sup id="cite_ref-not12_78-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-not12-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_H._Wells" title="Daniel H. Wells">Wells</a> (1857–91)<sup id="cite_ref-not12_78-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-not12-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Willard_Young" title="John Willard Young">J. W. Young</a> (1855–1924)<sup id="cite_ref-not12_78-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-not12-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Q._Cannon" title="George Q. Cannon">G. Q. Cannon</a> (1860–1901)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Angell_Young" title="Joseph Angell Young">J. A. Young</a> (1864–75)<sup id="cite_ref-not12_78-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-not12-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigham_Young_Jr." title="Brigham Young Jr.">B. Young Jr.</a> (1864–1903)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_F._Smith" title="Joseph F. Smith">J. F. Smith Sr.</a> (1866–1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Carrington" title="Albert Carrington">Carrington</a> (1870–85)<sup id="cite_ref-excommunication_79-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-excommunication-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_Thatcher" title="Moses Thatcher">Thatcher</a> (1879–1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_M._Lyman" title="Francis M. Lyman">F. M. Lyman</a> (1880–1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Smith" title="John Henry Smith">J. H. Smith</a> (1880–1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Teasdale" title="George Teasdale">Teasdale</a> (1882–1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heber_J._Grant" title="Heber J. Grant">H. J. Grant</a> (1882–1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Taylor_(Mormon)" title="John W. Taylor (Mormon)">J. W. Taylor</a> (1884–1911)<sup id="cite_ref-excommunication_79-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-excommunication-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriner_W._Merrill" title="Marriner W. Merrill">M. W. Merrill</a> (1889–1906)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthon_H._Lund" title="Anthon H. Lund">Lund</a> (1889–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_H._Cannon" title="Abraham H. Cannon">A. H. Cannon</a> (1889–96)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias_F._Cowley" title="Matthias F. Cowley">M. F. Cowley</a> (1897–1911)<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_O._Woodruff" title="Abraham O. Woodruff">A. O. Woodruff</a> (1897–1904)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudger_Clawson" title="Rudger Clawson">Clawson</a> (1898–1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reed_Smoot" title="Reed Smoot">Smoot</a> (1900–41)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyrum_M._Smith" title="Hyrum M. Smith">H. M. Smith</a> (1901–18)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Albert_Smith" title="George Albert Smith">G. A. Smith</a> (1903–51)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Penrose" title="Charles W. Penrose">Penrose</a> (1904–25)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_F._Richards" title="George F. Richards">G. F. Richards</a> (1906–50)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orson_F._Whitney" title="Orson F. Whitney">Whitney</a> (1906–31)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_O._McKay" title="David O. McKay">McKay</a> (1906–70)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_W._Ivins" title="Anthony W. Ivins">Ivins</a> (1907–34)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Fielding_Smith" title="Joseph Fielding Smith">J. F. Smith Jr.</a> (1910–72)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_E._Talmage" title="James E. Talmage">Talmage</a> (1911–33)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_L_Richards" title="Stephen L Richards">S. L. Richards</a> (1917–59)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_R._Lyman" title="Richard R. Lyman">R. R. Lyman</a> (1918–43)<sup id="cite_ref-excommunication_79-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-excommunication-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melvin_J._Ballard" title="Melvin J. Ballard">M. J. Ballard</a> (1919–39)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Widtsoe" title="John A. Widtsoe">Widtsoe</a> (1921–52)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_F._Merrill" title="Joseph F. Merrill">J. F. Merrill</a> (1931–52)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_A._Callis" title="Charles A. Callis">Callis</a> (1933–47)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Reuben_Clark" title="J. Reuben Clark">Clark</a> (1934–61)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alonzo_A._Hinckley" title="Alonzo A. Hinckley">A. A. Hinckley</a> (1934–36)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_E._Bowen" title="Albert E. Bowen">Bowen</a> (1937–53)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvester_Q._Cannon" title="Sylvester Q. Cannon">S. Q. Cannon</a> (1938–43)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_B._Lee" title="Harold B. Lee">Lee</a> (1941–73)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spencer_W._Kimball" title="Spencer W. Kimball">S. W. Kimball</a> (1943–85)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezra_Taft_Benson" title="Ezra Taft Benson">Benson</a> (1943–94)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_E._Petersen" title="Mark E. Petersen">Petersen</a> (1944–84)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Cowley" title="Matthew Cowley">M. Cowley</a> (1945–53)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_D._Moyle" title="Henry D. Moyle">Moyle</a> (1947–63)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delbert_L._Stapley" title="Delbert L. Stapley">Stapley</a> (1950–78)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marion_G._Romney" title="Marion G. Romney">Romney</a> (1951–88)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LeGrand_Richards" title="LeGrand Richards">L. Richards</a> (1952–83)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_S._Bennion" title="Adam S. Bennion">Bennion</a> (1953–58)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_L._Evans" title="Richard L. Evans">Evans</a> (1953–71)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Q._Morris" title="George Q. Morris">Morris</a> (1954–62)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_B._Brown" title="Hugh B. Brown">Brown</a> (1958–75)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_W._Hunter" title="Howard W. Hunter">Hunter</a> (1959–95)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_B._Hinckley" title="Gordon B. Hinckley">G. B. Hinckley</a> (1961–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Eldon_Tanner" title="Nathan Eldon Tanner">Tanner</a> (1962–82)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_S._Monson" title="Thomas S. Monson">Monson</a> (1963–2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvin_R._Dyer" title="Alvin R. Dyer">Dyer</a> (1967–77)<sup id="cite_ref-not12_78-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-not12-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boyd_K._Packer" title="Boyd K. Packer">Packer</a> (1970–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvin_J._Ashton" title="Marvin J. Ashton">Ashton</a> (1971–94)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_R._McConkie" title="Bruce R. McConkie">McConkie</a> (1972–85)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._Tom_Perry" title="L. Tom Perry">Perry</a> (1974–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_B._Haight" title="David B. Haight">Haight</a> (1976–2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_E._Faust" title="James E. Faust">Faust</a> (1978–2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neal_A._Maxwell" title="Neal A. Maxwell">Maxwell</a> (1981–2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_M._Nelson" title="Russell M. Nelson">Nelson</a> (1984–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dallin_H._Oaks" title="Dallin H. Oaks">Oaks</a> (1984–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._Russell_Ballard" title="M. Russell Ballard">M. R. Ballard</a> (1985–2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_B._Wirthlin" title="Joseph B. Wirthlin">Wirthlin</a> (1986–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_G._Scott" title="Richard G. Scott">Scott</a> (1988–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_D._Hales" title="Robert D. Hales">Hales</a> (1994–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_R._Holland" title="Jeffrey R. Holland">Holland</a> (1994–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_B._Eyring" title="Henry B. Eyring">Eyring</a> (1995–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dieter_F._Uchtdorf" title="Dieter F. Uchtdorf">Uchtdorf</a> (2004–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_A._Bednar" title="David A. Bednar">Bednar</a> (2004–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quentin_L._Cook" title="Quentin L. Cook">Cook</a> (2007–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._Todd_Christofferson" title="D. Todd Christofferson">Christofferson</a> (2008–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_L._Andersen" title="Neil L. Andersen">Andersen</a> (2009–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_A._Rasband" title="Ronald A. Rasband">Rasband</a> (2015–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_E._Stevenson" title="Gary E. Stevenson">Stevenson</a> (2015–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dale_G._Renlund" title="Dale G. Renlund">Renlund</a> (2015–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerrit_W._Gong" title="Gerrit W. Gong">Gong</a> (2018–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulisses_Soares" title="Ulisses Soares">Soares</a> (2018–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Kearon" title="Patrick Kearon">Kearon</a> (2023–)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Notes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Notes</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: left;"><div><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-not12-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-not12_78-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-not12_78-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-not12_78-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-not12_78-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-not12_78-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-not12_78-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-not12_78-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-not12_78-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-not12_78-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-not12_78-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Never a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-excommunication-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-excommunication_79-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-excommunication_79-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-excommunication_79-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-excommunication_79-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-excommunication_79-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-excommunication_79-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-excommunication_79-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-excommunication_79-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-excommunication_79-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-excommunication_79-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-excommunication_79-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-excommunication_79-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-excommunication_79-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Term ended by excommunication.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Term ended by resignation.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Term ended by removal of apostleship; was later excommunicated.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Term ended by suspension of priesthood.</span> </li> </ol></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Members_of_the_Council_of_Fifty_of_the_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:LDScouncil50" title="Template:LDScouncil50"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:LDScouncil50" title="Template talk:LDScouncil50"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:LDScouncil50" title="Special:EditPage/Template:LDScouncil50"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Members_of_the_Council_of_Fifty_of_the_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Council_of_Fifty_(LDS_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of members of the Council of Fifty (LDS Church)">Members</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Fifty" title="Council of Fifty">Council of Fifty</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" class="mw-redirect" title="Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_J._Adams" title="George J. Adams">Adams</a> (1844–45)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almon_W._Babbitt" title="Almon W. Babbitt">Babbitt</a> (1844–56)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Badlam" title="Alexander Badlam">Badlam</a> (1844–45, 1851–68)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezra_T._Benson" title="Ezra T. Benson">Benson</a> (1846–69)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Bent" title="Samuel Bent">Bent</a> (1844–46)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Milton_Bernhisel" title="John Milton Bernhisel">Bernhisel</a> (1844–81)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Bonney" title="Edward Bonney">Bonney</a> (1844–45)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uriah_Brown_(inventor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uriah Brown (inventor) (page does not exist)">Brown</a> (1844–45)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Budge" title="William Budge">Budge</a> (1882–1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bullock_(Mormon)" title="Thomas Bullock (Mormon)">Bullock</a> (1846–82)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_T._Burton" title="Robert T. Burton">Burton</a> (1867–1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reynolds_Cahoon" title="Reynolds Cahoon">Cahoon</a> (1844–61)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_T._Caine" title="John T. Caine">Caine</a> (1881–1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_H._Cannon" title="Abraham H. Cannon">A. H. Cannon</a> (1884–96)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angus_M._Cannon" title="Angus M. Cannon">A. M. Cannon</a> (1880–1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Q._Cannon" title="George Q. Cannon">G. Q. Cannon</a> (1867–1901)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Q._Cannon" title="John Q. Cannon">J. Q. Cannon</a> (1884–1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Carrington" title="Albert Carrington">Carrington</a> (1845–89)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiram_B._Clawson" title="Hiram B. Clawson">Clawson</a> (1882–1912)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Clayton_(Mormon)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Clayton (Mormon)">Clayton</a> (1844–79)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeter_Clinton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jeter Clinton (page does not exist)">Clinton</a> (1867–92)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_W._Cluff" title="William W. Cluff">Cluff</a> (1880–1915)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_W._Coolidge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph W. Coolidge (page does not exist)">Coolidge</a> (1844–48)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Van_Cott" title="John Van Cott">Cott</a> (1880–83)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpheus_Cutler" title="Alpheus Cutler">Cutler</a> (1844–49)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lewis_Dana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lewis Dana (page does not exist)">Dana</a> (1845–48)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyrus_Daniels&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cyrus Daniels (page does not exist)">Daniels</a> (1845–46)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jonathan_Dunham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jonathan Dunham (page does not exist)">Dunham</a> (1845)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marenus_G._Eaton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marenus G. Eaton (page does not exist)">Eaton</a> (1844–45)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_S._Eldredge" title="Horace S. Eldredge">Eldredge</a> (1848–88)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Emmett" title="James Emmett">Emmett</a> (1844–45)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_W._Farnham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John W. Farnham (page does not exist)">Farnham</a> (1845–?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorin_Farr" title="Lorin Farr">Farr</a> (1880–1909)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amos_Fielding&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amos Fielding (page does not exist)">A. Fielding</a> (1844–75)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Fielding" title="Joseph Fielding">J. Fielding</a> (1844–63)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucian_R._Foster" title="Lucian R. Foster">Foster</a> (1845–46)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Fullmer" title="David Fullmer">D. Fullmer</a> (1845–79)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_S._Fullmer" title="John S. Fullmer">J. S. Fullmer</a> (1845–82)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_F._Gibbs" title="George F. Gibbs">Gibbs</a> (1882–1924)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_D._Grant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George D. Grant (page does not exist)">G. D. Grant</a> (1845–76)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heber_J._Grant" title="Heber J. Grant">H. J. Grant</a> (1882–1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jedediah_M._Grant" title="Jedediah M. Grant">J. M. Grant</a> (1844–56)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_P._Greene" title="John P. Greene">Greene</a> (1844)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_W._Hardy" title="Leonard W. Hardy">Hardy</a> (1882–84)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abram_Hatch" title="Abram Hatch">Hatch</a> (1883–1911)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Haws&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Haws (page does not exist)">Haws</a> (1844–46)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_L._Heywood" title="Joseph L. Heywood">Heywood</a> (1848–82)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Davis_S._Hollister&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Davis S. Hollister (page does not exist)">Hollister</a> (1844–46)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Hooper" title="William Henry Hooper">Hooper</a> (1867–82)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Hunter_(Mormon)" title="Edward Hunter (Mormon)">Hunter</a> (1867–83)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orson_Hyde" title="Orson Hyde">Hyde</a> (1844–78)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_James_(Latter_Day_Saints)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samuel James (Latter Day Saints) (page does not exist)">James</a> (1844–45)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_(mayor)" title="William Jennings (mayor)">Jennings</a> (1880–86)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_F._Johnson" title="Benjamin F. Johnson">Johnson</a> (1844–1905)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_S._Kimball&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles S. Kimball (page does not exist)">C. S. Kimball</a> (1867–1925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Patten_Kimball" title="David Patten Kimball">D. P. Kimball</a> (1867–83)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heber_C._Kimball" title="Heber C. Kimball">H. C. Kimball</a> (1844–68)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heber_P._Kimball&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heber P. Kimball (page does not exist)">H. P. Kimball</a> (1867–85)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Layton" title="Christopher Layton">Layton</a> (1883–98)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_D._Lee" title="John D. Lee">Lee</a> (1844–77)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feramorz_Little" title="Feramorz Little">Little</a> (1880–87)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_P._Lott" title="Cornelius P. Lott">Lott</a> (1844–50)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amasa_Lyman" title="Amasa Lyman">A. M. Lyman</a> (1844–67)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_M._Lyman" title="Francis M. Lyman">F. M. Lyman</a> (1880–1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Marks_(Latter_Day_Saints)" title="William Marks (Latter Day Saints)">Marks</a> (1844–45)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Miller_(Latter_Day_Saints)" title="George Miller (Latter Day Saints)">Miller</a> (1844–46)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Morley" title="Isaac Morley">Morley</a> (1845–65)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_R._Murdock_(Mormon)" title="John R. Murdock (Mormon)">Murdock</a> (1880–1913)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._John_Nuttall" title="L. John Nuttall">Nuttall</a> (1880–1905)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Pack" title="John Pack">Pack</a> (1845–46)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_E._Page" title="John E. Page">Page</a> (1845–46)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_D._Parker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John D. Parker (page does not exist)">Parker</a> (1844–82)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Penrose" title="Charles W. Penrose">Penrose</a> (1882–1925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canute_Peterson" title="Canute Peterson">Peterson</a> (1882–1902)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._W._Phelps_(Mormon)" title="W. W. Phelps (Mormon)">Phelps</a> (1844–72)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orson_Pratt" title="Orson Pratt">O. Pratt</a> (1844–81)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">P. P. Pratt Sr.</a> (1844–57)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parley_P._Pratt_Jr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parley P. Pratt Jr. (page does not exist)">P. P. Pratt Jr.</a> (1867–97)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Preston_(Mormon)" title="William B. Preston (Mormon)">Preston</a> (1880–1908)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Reynolds_(Mormon)" title="George Reynolds (Mormon)">Reynolds</a> (1881–1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_C._Rich" title="Charles C. Rich">C. C. Rich</a> (1844–82)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_C._Rich" title="Joseph C. Rich">J. C. Rich</a> (1867–1908)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Richards_(Mormon_apostle)" title="Franklin D. Richards (Mormon apostle)">F.D. Richards</a> (1849–99)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_S._Richards" title="Franklin S. Richards">F. S. Richards</a> (1880–1934)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heber_J._Richards&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heber J. Richards (page does not exist)">H. J. Richards</a> (1867–1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levi_Richards" title="Levi Richards">L. Richards</a> (1844–76)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phinehas_Richards" title="Phinehas Richards">P. Richards</a> (1848–74)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willard_Richards" title="Willard Richards">W. Richards</a> (1844–54)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Rigdon" title="Sidney Rigdon">Rigdon</a> (1844–45)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porter_Rockwell" title="Porter Rockwell">Rockwell</a> (1844–78)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_P._Rockwood" title="Albert P. Rockwood">Rockwood</a> (1845–79)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadrach_Roundy" title="Shadrach Roundy">Roundy</a> (1845–72)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sharp_(Mormon)" title="John Sharp (Mormon)">Sharp</a> (1867–91)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Shumway" title="Charles Shumway">Shumway</a> (1845–82)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_W._Shurtliff" title="Lewis W. Shurtliff">Shurtliff</a> (1883–1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elias_Smith_(Mormon)" title="Elias Smith (Mormon)">E. Smith</a> (1844–88)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_A._Smith" title="George A. Smith">G.A. Smith</a> (1844–75)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyrum_Smith" title="Hyrum Smith">H. Smith</a> (1844)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Smith_(nephew_of_Joseph_Smith)" title="John Smith (nephew of Joseph Smith)">John Smith</a> (1880–1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Smith" title="John Henry Smith">J. H. Smith</a> (1844–1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Smith" title="Joseph Smith">Jos. Smith</a> (1844)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_F._Smith" title="Joseph F. Smith">J. F. Smith</a> (1867–1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silas_S._Smith" title="Silas S. Smith">S. S. Smith</a> (1880–1910)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Smith_(Latter_Day_Saints)" title="William Smith (Latter Day Saints)">W. Smith</a> (1844–45)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_R._Smith_(Utah_politician)" title="William R. Smith (Utah politician)">W. R. Smith</a> (1880–94)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_O._Smoot" title="Abraham O. Smoot">Smoot</a> (1867–95)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erastus_Snow" title="Erastus Snow">E. Snow</a> (1844–88)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Snow" title="Lorenzo Snow">L. Snow</a> (1849–1901)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Willard_Snow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Willard Snow (page does not exist)">W. Snow</a> (1848–53)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Spencer_(Mormon)" title="Daniel Spencer (Mormon)">D. Spencer</a> (1845–68)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orson_Spencer" title="Orson Spencer">O. Spencer</a> (1844–55)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hosea_Stout" title="Hosea Stout">Stout</a> (1867–89)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_J._Taylor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George J. Taylor (page does not exist)">G. J. Taylor</a> (1867–1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Taylor_(Mormon)" title="John Taylor (Mormon)">J. Taylor</a> (1844–87)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Taylor_(Mormon)" title="John W. Taylor (Mormon)">J. W. Taylor</a> (1884–1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_W._Taylor" title="William W. Taylor">W. W. Taylor</a> (1880–84)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Teasdale" title="George Teasdale">Teasdale</a> (1882–1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_Thatcher" title="Moses Thatcher">Thatcher</a> (1880–1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezra_Thayre" title="Ezra Thayre">Thayre</a> (1844–45)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theodore_Turley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theodore Turley (page does not exist)">Turley</a> (1845–71)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lorenzo_D._Wasson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lorenzo D. Wasson (page does not exist)">Wasson</a> (1844–45)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_H._Wells" title="Daniel H. Wells">D. H. Wells</a> (1848–91)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junius_F._Wells" title="Junius F. Wells">J. F. Wells</a> (1880–1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newel_K._Whitney" title="Newel K. Whitney">Whitney</a> (1844–50)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyman_Wight" title="Lyman Wight">Wight</a> (1844–45)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_R._Winder" title="John R. Winder">Winder</a> (1881–1910)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilford_Woodruff" title="Wilford Woodruff">Woodruff</a> (1844–98)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucien_Woodworth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lucien Woodworth (page does not exist)">Woodworth</a> (1844–48)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_D._Yearsley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David D. Yearsley (page does not exist)">Yearsley</a> (1844–49)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigham_Young" title="Brigham Young">B. Young Sr.</a> (1844–77)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigham_Young_Jr." title="Brigham Young Jr.">B. Young Jr.</a> (1867–1903)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_M._Young_(Mormon)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John M. Young (Mormon) (page does not exist)">John Young</a> (1849–70)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Willard_Young" title="John Willard Young">J. W. Young</a> (1867–1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Young" title="Joseph Young">Jos. Young</a> (1845–81)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Angell_Young" title="Joseph Angell Young">J. A. Young</a> (1867–75)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phineas_Young" title="Phineas Young">P. Young</a> (1845–79)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seymour_B._Young" title="Seymour B. Young">S. B. Young</a> (1884–1924)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Selected_Jared_Pratt_descendants" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Selected_Jared_Pratt_descendants" title="Template:Selected Jared Pratt descendants"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Selected_Jared_Pratt_descendants" title="Template talk:Selected Jared Pratt descendants"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Selected_Jared_Pratt_descendants" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Selected Jared Pratt descendants"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Selected_Jared_Pratt_descendants" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pratt_family" title="Pratt family">Selected Jared Pratt descendants</a>    </div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table style="border-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; margin: 0 auto;"> <tbody><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><b><a href="/wiki/Jared_Pratt" class="mw-redirect" title="Jared Pratt">Jared Pratt</a></b><br />(1769–1839)</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><i>Charity (Dickinson) Pratt</i><br />(1776–1849)</td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><b>Anson Pratt</b><br />(1801–1849)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><b>William Pratt</b><br />(1802–1870)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Parley P. Pratt</a></b><br />(1807–1857)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><b>Nelson Pratt</b><br />(1815–1889)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><b><a href="/wiki/Orson_Pratt" title="Orson Pratt">Orson Pratt</a></b><br />(1811–1881)</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><i><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Marinda_Bates_Pratt" title="Sarah Marinda Bates Pratt">Sarah (Bates) Pratt</a></i><br />(1817–1888)</td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><i>Emmeline (Billingsley) Pratt</i><br />(1852–1910)</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><b><a href="/wiki/Helaman_Pratt" title="Helaman Pratt">Helaman Pratt</a></b><br />(1846–1909)</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><i>Anna Johanna Dorothy (Wilcken) Pratt</i><br />(1854–1929)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><b>Isabella (Pratt) Robison</b><br />(1854–1912)</td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><i>Mary (Stark) Pratt</i><br />(1882–1967)</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><b><a href="/wiki/Rey_Pratt" title="Rey Pratt">Rey Pratt</a></b><br />(1878–1931)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><b><a href="/wiki/Anna_Amelia_Pratt" class="mw-redirect" title="Anna Amelia Pratt">Anna Amelia (Pratt) Romney</a></b><br />(1876–1926)</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><i><a href="/wiki/Gaskell_Romney" title="Gaskell Romney">Gaskell Romney</a></i><br />(1871–1955)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><b>Joseph A. Robison</b><br />(1876–1950)</td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><i>Virgil Ronceal Bluth</i><br />(1914–1999)</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><b>Emaline (Pratt) Bluth</b><br />(1914–2003)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><b><a href="/wiki/George_W._Romney" title="George W. Romney">George W. Romney</a></b><br />(1907–1995)</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><i><a href="/wiki/Lenore_Romney" title="Lenore Romney">Lenore (LaFount) Romney</a></i><br />(1908–1998)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><b>Sarah K. (Robison) Huntsman</b><br />(1910–1969)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><b><a href="/wiki/Don_Bluth" title="Don Bluth">Don Bluth</a></b><br />(born 1937)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><b><a href="/wiki/Toby_Bluth" title="Toby Bluth">Toby Bluth</a></b><br />(1940–2013)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><b><a href="/wiki/Jon_Huntsman_Sr." title="Jon Huntsman Sr.">Jon Huntsman Sr.</a></b><br />(1937–2018)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><i><a href="/wiki/Ann_Romney" title="Ann Romney">Ann (Davies) Romney</a></i><br />(born 1949)</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><b><a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney" title="Mitt Romney">W. Mitt Romney</a></b><br />(born 1947)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><b>G. Scott Romney</b><br />(born 1941)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><b><a href="/wiki/Jon_Huntsman_Jr." title="Jon Huntsman Jr.">Jon Huntsman Jr.</a></b><br />(born 1960)</td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td></tr> </tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: left"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>Notes:</b> <div class="reflist reflist-lower-roman"> </div> <p><b>References:</b> </p> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFGivensGrow2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Terryl_Givens" title="Terryl Givens">Givens, Terryl L.</a>; Grow, Matthew J. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yM5XY5KimksC&pg=PA401"><i>Parley P. Pratt: The Apostle Paul of Mormonism</i></a>. Oxford University Press. p. 401. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195375732" title="Special:BookSources/9780195375732"><bdi>9780195375732</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Parley+P.+Pratt%3A+The+Apostle+Paul+of+Mormonism&rft.pages=401&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780195375732&rft.aulast=Givens&rft.aufirst=Terryl+L.&rft.au=Grow%2C+Matthew+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyM5XY5KimksC%26pg%3DPA401&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParley+P.+Pratt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFRomney1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Catharine_Cottam_Romney" class="mw-redirect" title="Catharine Cottam Romney">Romney, Catharine Cottam</a> (1992). Hansen, Jennifer Moulton (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cWww69owr1kC"><i>Letters of Catharine Cottam Romney, plural wife</i></a>. University of Illinois Press. p. 283. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780252018688" title="Special:BookSources/9780252018688"><bdi>9780252018688</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Letters+of+Catharine+Cottam+Romney%2C+plural+wife&rft.pages=283&rft.pub=University+of+Illinois+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=9780252018688&rft.aulast=Romney&rft.aufirst=Catharine+Cottam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcWww69owr1kC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParley+P.+Pratt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://204.9.225.200/eng/Library/fhlcatalog/printing/subjectdetailsprint.asp?subject=224966&first=1"><i>Autobiographical Sketch of Franklin Alonzo Robison</i></a>, Unpublished manuscript, <a href="/wiki/Family_History_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Family History Library">Family History Library</a>, Salt Lake City, Utah, 1915</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Autobiographical+Sketch+of+Franklin+Alonzo+Robison&rft.pub=Unpublished+manuscript%2C+Family+History+Library%2C+Salt+Lake+City%2C+Utah&rft.date=1915&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F204.9.225.200%2Feng%2FLibrary%2Ffhlcatalog%2Fprinting%2Fsubjectdetailsprint.asp%3Fsubject%3D224966%26first%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParley+P.+Pratt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFHebblethwaite2012" class="citation cs2">Hebblethwaite, Cordelia (June 13, 2012), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-18422949"><i>Mitt Romney's Mormon roots in northern England</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Preston,_Lancashire" title="Preston, Lancashire">Preston, England</a>: <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mitt+Romney%27s+Mormon+roots+in+northern+England&rft.place=Preston%2C+England&rft.pub=BBC+News&rft.date=2012-06-13&rft.aulast=Hebblethwaite&rft.aufirst=Cordelia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fmagazine-18422949&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParley+P.+Pratt" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2465604#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible 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href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJghqfmqH6pqTd8Kv9CvpP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/10424142X">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n85079952">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16587955z">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16587955z">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35667707">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p218138520">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/wt7bjwgf2hwc8w7">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/239486">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007280859105171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14037191">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 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