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fractal</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: fractal"> <meta name="keywords" content="fractal"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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<i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="fractal"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 82</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: fractal</h1> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">82</span> The Relations between the Fractal Properties of the River Networks and the River Flow Time Series</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20H.%20Fattahi">M. H. Fattahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=H.%20Jahangiri"> H. Jahangiri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> All the geophysical phenomena including river networks and flow time series are fractal events inherently and fractal patterns can be investigated through their behaviors. A non-linear system like a river basin can well be analyzed by a non-linear measure such as the fractal analysis. A bilateral study is held on the fractal properties of the river network and the river flow time series. A moving window technique is utilized to scan the fractal properties of them. Results depict both events follow the same strategy regarding to the fractal properties. Both the river network and the time series fractal dimension tend to saturate in a distinct value. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=river%20flow%20time%20series" title="river flow time series">river flow time series</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fractal" title=" fractal"> fractal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=river%20networks" title=" river networks"> river networks</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6725/the-relations-between-the-fractal-properties-of-the-river-networks-and-the-river-flow-time-series" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6725/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6725/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6725/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6725/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6725/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6725/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6725/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6725/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6725/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6725/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6725.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1688</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">81</span> Single Feed Circularly Polarized Poly Fractal Antenna for Wireless Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=V.%20V.%20Reddy">V. V. Reddy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20V.%20S.%20N.%20Sarma"> N. V. S. N. Sarma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>A circularly polarized fractal boundary microstrip antenna is presented. The sides of a square patch along x- axis, yaxis are replaced with Minkowski and Koch curves correspondingly. By using the fractal curves as edges, asymmetry in the structure is created to excite two orthogonal modes for circular polarization (CP) operation. The indentation factors of the fractal curves are optimized for pure CP. The simulated results of the novel polyfractal antenna are demonstrated.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Circular%20polarization" title="Circular polarization">Circular polarization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fractal" title=" Fractal"> Fractal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Koch" title=" Koch"> Koch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Minkowski." title=" Minkowski."> Minkowski.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999663/single-feed-circularly-polarized-poly-fractal-antenna-for-wireless-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999663/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999663/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999663/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999663/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999663/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999663/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999663/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999663/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999663/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999663/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999663.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2506</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">80</span> Trabecular Texture Analysis Using Fractal Metrics for Bone Fragility Assessment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Khaled%20Harrar">Khaled Harrar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rachid%20Jennane"> Rachid Jennane</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this study is the discrimination of 28 postmenopausal with osteoporotic femoral fractures from an agematched control group of 28 women using texture analysis based on fractals. Two pre-processing approaches are applied on radiographic images; these techniques are compared to highlight the choice of the pre-processing method. Furthermore, the values of the fractal dimension are compared to those of the fractal signature in terms of the classification of the two populations. In a second analysis, the BMD measure at proximal femur was compared to the fractal analysis, the latter, which is a non-invasive technique, allowed a better discrimination; the results confirm that the fractal analysis of texture on calcaneus radiographs is able to discriminate osteoporotic patients with femoral fracture from controls. This discrimination was efficient compared to that obtained by BMD alone. It was also present in comparing subgroups with overlapping values of BMD. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Osteoporosis" title="Osteoporosis">Osteoporosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fractal%20dimension" title=" fractal dimension"> fractal dimension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fractal%20signature" title=" fractal signature"> fractal signature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=bone%20mineral%20density." title=" bone mineral density."> bone mineral density.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002171/trabecular-texture-analysis-using-fractal-metrics-for-bone-fragility-assessment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002171/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002171/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002171/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002171/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002171/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002171/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002171/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002171/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002171/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002171/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002171.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2328</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">79</span> Design of a Novel CPW Fed Fractal Antenna for UWB</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20El%20Hamdouni">A. El Hamdouni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=J.%20Zbitou"> J. Zbitou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Tajmouati"> A. Tajmouati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=L.%20El%20Abdellaoui"> L. El Abdellaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Errkik"> A. Errkik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Tribak"> A. Tribak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Latrach"> M. Latrach</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This paper presents a novel fractal antenna structure proposed for UWB (Ultra – Wideband) applications. The frequency band 3.1-10.6GHz released by FCC (Federal Communication Commission) as the commercial operation of UWB has been chosen as frequency range for this antenna based on coplanar waveguide (CPW) feed and circular shapes fulfilled according to fractal geometry. The proposed antenna is validated and designed by using an FR4 substrate with overall area of 34x43 mm2. The simulated results performed by CST-Microwave Studio and compared by ADS (Advanced Design System) show good matching input impedance with return loss less than -10dB between 2.9 GHz and 11 GHz.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fractal%20antenna" title="Fractal antenna">Fractal antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fractal%20Geometry" title=" Fractal Geometry"> Fractal Geometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=CPW%20Feed" title=" CPW Feed"> CPW Feed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=UWB" title=" UWB"> UWB</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=FCC." title=" FCC."> FCC.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000503/design-of-a-novel-cpw-fed-fractal-antenna-for-uwb" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000503/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000503/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000503/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000503/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000503/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000503/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000503/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000503/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000503/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000503/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000503.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2242</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">78</span> A New Vision of Fractal Geometry with Triangulati on Algorithm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yasser%20M.%20Abd%20El-Latif">Yasser M. Abd El-Latif</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fatma%20S.Abousaleh"> Fatma S.Abousaleh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Daoud%20S.%20S."> Daoud S. S.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>L-system is a tool commonly used for modeling and simulating the growth of fractal plants. The aim of this paper is to join some problems of the computational geometry with the fractal geometry by using the L-system technique to generate fractal plant in 3D. L-system constructs the fractal structure by applying rewriting rules sequentially and this technique depends on recursion process with large number of iterations to get different shapes of 3D fractal plants. Instead, it was reiterated a specific number of iterations up to three iterations. The vertices generated from the last stage of the Lsystem rewriting process are used as input to the triangulation algorithm to construct the triangulation shape of these vertices. The resulting shapes can be used as covers for the architectural objects and in different computer graphics fields. The paper presents a gallery of triangulation forms which application in architecture creates an alternative for domes and other traditional types of roofs.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Computational%20geometry" title="Computational geometry">Computational geometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fractal%20geometry" title=" fractal geometry"> fractal geometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=L-system" title=" L-system"> L-system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=triangulation." title=" triangulation."> triangulation.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6878/a-new-vision-of-fractal-geometry-with-triangulati-on-algorithm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6878/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6878/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6878/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6878/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6878/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6878/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6878/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6878/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6878/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6878/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6878.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1920</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">77</span> IFS on the Multi-Fuzzy Fractal Space</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nadia%20M.%20G.%20AL-Sa%27idi">Nadia M. G. AL-Sa'idi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Rushdan%20Md.%20Sd."> Muhammad Rushdan Md. Sd.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Adil%20M.%20Ahmed"> Adil M. Ahmed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The IFS is a scheme for describing and manipulating complex fractal attractors using simple mathematical models. More precisely, the most popular “fractal –based" algorithms for both representation and compression of computer images have involved some implementation of the method of Iterated Function Systems (IFS) on complete metric spaces. In this paper a new generalized space called Multi-Fuzzy Fractal Space was constructed. On these spases a distance function is defined, and its completeness is proved. The completeness property of this space ensures the existence of a fixed-point theorem for the family of continuous mappings. This theorem is the fundamental result on which the IFS methods are based and the fractals are built. The defined mappings are proved to satisfy some generalizations of the contraction condition.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fuzzy%20metric%20space" title="Fuzzy metric space">Fuzzy metric space</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fuzzy%20fractal%20space" title=" Fuzzy fractal space"> Fuzzy fractal space</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Multi%20fuzzy%0D%0Afractal%20space." title=" Multi fuzzy fractal space."> Multi fuzzy fractal space.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10553/ifs-on-the-multi-fuzzy-fractal-space" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10553/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10553/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10553/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10553/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10553/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10553/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10553/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10553/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10553/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10553/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10553.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1973</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">76</span> Design of a Novel Fractal Multiband Planar Antenna with a CPW-Feed</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=T.%20Benyetho">T. Benyetho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=L.%20El%20Abdellaoui"> L. El Abdellaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=J.%20Terhzaz"> J. Terhzaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=H.%20Bennis"> H. Bennis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20Ababssi"> N. Ababssi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Tajmouati"> A. Tajmouati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Tribak"> A. Tribak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Latrach"> M. Latrach</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This work presents a new planar multiband antenna based on fractal geometry. This structure is optimized and validated into simulation by using CST-MW Studio. To feed this antenna we have used a CPW line which makes it easy to be incorporated with integrated circuits. The simulation results presents a good matching input impedance and radiation pattern in the GSM band at 900 MHz and ISM band at 2.4 GHz. The final structure is a dual band fractal antenna with 70 x 70 mm² as a total area by using an FR4 substrate.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Antenna" title="Antenna">Antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=CPW" title=" CPW"> CPW</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fractal" title=" Fractal"> Fractal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=GSM" title=" GSM"> GSM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Multiband." title=" Multiband."> Multiband.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000230/design-of-a-novel-fractal-multiband-planar-antenna-with-a-cpw-feed" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000230/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000230/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000230/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000230/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000230/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000230/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000230/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000230/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000230/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000230/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000230.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2719</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">75</span> Fractal Analysis on Human Colonic Pressure Activities based on the Box-counting Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rongguo%20Yan">Rongguo Yan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Guozheng%20Yan"> Guozheng Yan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Banghua%20Yang"> Banghua Yang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The colonic tissue is a complicated dynamic system and the colonic activities it generates are composed of irregular segmental waves, which are referred to as erratic fluctuations or spikes. They are also highly irregular with subunit fractal structure. The traditional time-frequency domain statistics like the averaged amplitude, the motility index and the power spectrum, etc. are insufficient to describe such fluctuations. Thus the fractal box-counting dimension is proposed and the fractal scaling behaviors of the human colonic pressure activities under the physiological conditions are studied. It is shown that the dimension of the resting activity is smaller than that of the normal one, whereas the clipped version, which corresponds to the activity of the constipation patient, shows with higher fractal dimension. It may indicate a practical application to assess the colonic motility, which is often indicated by the colonic pressure activity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Colonic%20pressure%20activity" title="Colonic pressure activity">Colonic pressure activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=erratic%20fluctuations" title=" erratic fluctuations"> erratic fluctuations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fractal%0Adimension%20and%20spikes." title=" fractal dimension and spikes."> fractal dimension and spikes.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8897/fractal-analysis-on-human-colonic-pressure-activities-based-on-the-box-counting-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8897/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8897/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8897/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8897/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8897/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8897/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8897/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8897/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8897/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8897/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8897.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1509</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">74</span> Fractal Dimension of Breast Cancer Cell Migration in a Wound Healing Assay</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=R.%20Sullivan">R. Sullivan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=T.%20Holden"> T. Holden</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=G.%20Tremberger"> G. Tremberger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jr"> Jr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=E.%20Cheung"> E. Cheung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=C.%20Branch"> C. Branch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=J.%20Burrero"> J. Burrero</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=G.%20Surpris"> G. Surpris</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Quintana"> S. Quintana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Rameau"> A. Rameau</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20Gadura"> N. Gadura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=H.%20Yao"> H. Yao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=R.%20Subramaniam"> R. Subramaniam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=P.%20Schneider"> P. Schneider</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20A.%20Rotenberg"> S. A. Rotenberg</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=P.%20Marchese"> P. Marchese</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Flamhlolz"> A. Flamhlolz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=D.%20Lieberman"> D. Lieberman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=T.%20Cheung"> T. Cheung</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Migration in breast cancer cell wound healing assay had been studied using image fractal dimension analysis. The migration of MDA-MB-231 cells (highly motile) in a wound healing assay was captured using time-lapse phase contrast video microscopy and compared to MDA-MB-468 cell migration (moderately motile). The Higuchi fractal method was used to compute the fractal dimension of the image intensity fluctuation along a single pixel width region parallel to the wound. The near-wound region fractal dimension was found to decrease three times faster in the MDA-MB- 231 cells initially as compared to the less cancerous MDA-MB-468 cells. The inner region fractal dimension was found to be fairly constant for both cell types in time and suggests a wound influence range of about 15 cell layer. The box-counting fractal dimension method was also used to study region of interest (ROI). The MDAMB- 468 ROI area fractal dimension was found to decrease continuously up to 7 hours. The MDA-MB-231 ROI area fractal dimension was found to increase and is consistent with the behavior of a HGF-treated MDA-MB-231 wound healing assay posted in the public domain. A fractal dimension based capacity index has been formulated to quantify the invasiveness of the MDA-MB-231 cells in the perpendicular-to-wound direction. Our results suggest that image intensity fluctuation fractal dimension analysis can be used as a tool to quantify cell migration in terms of cancer severity and treatment responses. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Higuchi%20fractal%20dimension" title="Higuchi fractal dimension">Higuchi fractal dimension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=box-counting%20fractal%20dimension" title=" box-counting fractal dimension"> box-counting fractal dimension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=cancer%20cell%20migration" title=" cancer cell migration"> cancer cell migration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=wound%20healing." title=" wound healing."> wound healing.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4794/fractal-dimension-of-breast-cancer-cell-migration-in-a-wound-healing-assay" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4794/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4794/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4794/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4794/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4794/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4794/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4794/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4794/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4794/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4794/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4794.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2544</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">73</span> Temporal Change of Fractal Dimension of Explosion Earthquakes and Harmonic Tremors at Semeru Volcano, East Java, Indonesia, using Critical Exponent Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sukir%20Maryanto">Sukir Maryanto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Iyan%20Mulyana"> Iyan Mulyana</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fractal analyses of successive event of explosion earthquake and harmonic tremor recorded at Semeru volcano were carried out to investigate the dynamical system regarding to their generating mechanism. The explosive eruptions accompanied by explosion earthquakes and following volcanic tremor which are generated by continuous emission of volcanic ash. The fractal dimension of successive event of explosion and harmonic tremor was estimated by Critical Exponent Method (CEM). It was found that the method yield a higher fractal dimension of explosion earthquakes and gradually decrease during the occurrence of harmonic tremor, and can be considerably as correlated complexity of the source mechanism from the variance of fractal dimension. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fractal%20dimension" title="Fractal dimension">Fractal dimension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Semeru%20volcano" title=" Semeru volcano"> Semeru volcano</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=explosionearthquake" title=" explosionearthquake"> explosionearthquake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=harmonic%20tremor" title=" harmonic tremor"> harmonic tremor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Critical%20Exponent%20Method" title=" Critical Exponent Method"> Critical Exponent Method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12855/temporal-change-of-fractal-dimension-of-explosion-earthquakes-and-harmonic-tremors-at-semeru-volcano-east-java-indonesia-using-critical-exponent-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12855/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12855/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12855/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12855/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12855/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12855/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12855/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12855/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12855/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12855/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12855.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1762</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">72</span> Function of Fractals: Application of Non-linear Geometry in Continental Architecture</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohammadsadegh%20Zanganehfar">Mohammadsadegh Zanganehfar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Since the introduction of fractal geometry in 1970, numerous efforts have been made by architects and researchers to transfer this area of mathematical knowledge in the discipline of architecture and postmodernist discourse. The discourse of complexity and architecture is one of the most significant ongoing discourses in the discipline of architecture from the 70's until today and has generated significant styles such as deconstructivism and parametricism in architecture. During these years, several projects were designed and presented by designers and architects using fractal geometry, but due to the lack of sufficient knowledge and appropriate comprehension of the features and characteristics of this nonlinear geometry, none of the fractal-based designs have been successful and satisfying. Fractal geometry as a geometric technology has a long presence in the history of architecture. The current research attempts to identify and discover the characteristics, features, potentials and functionality of fractals despite their aesthetic aspect by examining case studies of pre-modern architecture in Asia and investigating the function of fractals. </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Asian%20architecture" title="Asian architecture">Asian architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fractal%20geometry" title=" fractal geometry"> fractal geometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fractal%20technique" title=" fractal technique"> fractal technique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=geometric%20properties" title=" geometric properties"> geometric properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012239/function-of-fractals-application-of-non-linear-geometry-in-continental-architecture" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012239/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012239/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012239/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012239/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012239/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012239/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012239/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012239/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012239/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012239/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012239.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">770</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">71</span> Effect of Inertia on the Fractal Dimension of Particle Line in three-dimensional Turbulent Flows using Kinematic Simulation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Abou%20El-Azm%20Aly">A. Abou El-Azm Aly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=F.%20Nicolleau"> F. Nicolleau</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=T.%20M.%20Michelitsch"> T. M. Michelitsch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20F.%20Nowakowski"> A. F. Nowakowski</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The dispersion of heavy particles line in an isotropic and incompressible three-dimensional turbulent flow has been studied using the Kinematic Simulation techniques to find out the evolution of the line fractal dimension. In this study, the fractal dimension of the line is found for different cases of heavy particles inertia (different Stokes numbers) in the absence of the particle gravity with a comparison with the fractal dimension obtained in the diffusion case of material line at the same Reynolds number. It can be concluded for the dispersion of heavy particles line in turbulent flow that the particle inertia affect the fractal dimension of a line released in a turbulent flow for Stokes numbers 0.02 < St < 2. At the beginning for small times, most of the different cases are not affected by the inertia until a certain time, the particle response time 蟿a, with larger time as the particles inertia increases, the fractal dimension of the line increases owing to the particles becoming more sensitive to the small scales which cause the change in the line shape during its journey. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Heavy%20particles" title="Heavy particles">Heavy particles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=two-phase%20flow" title=" two-phase flow"> two-phase flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kinematic%20Simulation" title=" Kinematic Simulation"> Kinematic Simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fractal%20dimension." title=" Fractal dimension."> Fractal dimension.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7986/effect-of-inertia-on-the-fractal-dimension-of-particle-line-in-three-dimensional-turbulent-flows-using-kinematic-simulation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7986/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7986/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7986/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7986/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7986/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7986/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7986/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7986/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7986/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7986/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7986.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1262</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">70</span> Experimental Study of the Pressure Drop after Fractal-Shaped Orifices in a Turbulent Flow Pipe</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Abou%20El-Azm%20Aly">A. Abou El-Azm Aly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Chong"> A. Chong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=F.%20Nicolleau"> F. Nicolleau</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Beck"> S. Beck</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The fractal-shaped orifices are assumed to have a significant effect on the pressure drop downstream pipe flow due to their edge self-similarity shape which enhances the mixing properties. Here, we investigate the pressure drop after these fractals using a digital micro-manometer at different stations downstream a turbulent flow pipe then a direct comparison has been made with the pressure drop measured from regular orifices with the same flow area. Our results showed that the fractal-shaped orifices have a significant effect on the pressure drop downstream the flow. Also the pressure drop measured across the fractal-shaped orifices is noticed to be lower that that from ordinary orifices of the same flow areas. This result could be important in designing piping systems from point of view of losses consideration with the same flow control area. This is promising to use the fractal-shaped orifices as flowmeters as they can sense the pressure drop across them accurately with minimum losses than the regular ones. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fractal-shaped%20orifice" title="Fractal-shaped orifice">Fractal-shaped orifice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=pressure%20drop" title=" pressure drop"> pressure drop</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=turbulent%20flow." title=" turbulent flow."> turbulent flow.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12125/experimental-study-of-the-pressure-drop-after-fractal-shaped-orifices-in-a-turbulent-flow-pipe" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12125/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12125/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12125/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12125/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12125/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12125/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12125/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12125/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12125/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12125/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12125.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1890</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">69</span> Colour Image Compression Method Based On Fractal Block Coding Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Dibyendu%20Ghoshal">Dibyendu Ghoshal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Shimal%20Das"> Shimal Das</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Image compression based on fractal coding is a lossy compression method and normally used for gray level images range and domain blocks in rectangular shape. Fractal based digital image compression technique provide a large compression ratio and in this paper, it is proposed using YUV colour space and the fractal theory which is based on iterated transformation. Fractal geometry is mainly applied in the current study towards colour image compression coding. These colour images possesses correlations among the colour components and hence high compression ratio can be achieved by exploiting all these redundancies. The proposed method utilises the self-similarity in the colour image as well as the cross-correlations between them. Experimental results show that the greater compression ratio can be achieved with large domain blocks but more trade off in image quality is good to acceptable at less than 1 bit per pixel.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fractal%20coding" title="Fractal coding">Fractal coding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Iterated%20Function%20System%20%28IFS%29" title=" Iterated Function System (IFS)"> Iterated Function System (IFS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Image%20compression" title=" Image compression"> Image compression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=YUV%20colour%20space." title=" YUV colour space."> YUV colour space.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001373/colour-image-compression-method-based-on-fractal-block-coding-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001373/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001373/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001373/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001373/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001373/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001373/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001373/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001373/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001373/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001373/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001373.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1977</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">68</span> 3D Locomotion and Fractal Analysis of Goldfish for Acute Toxicity Bioassay</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kittiwann%20Nimkerdphol">Kittiwann Nimkerdphol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Masahiro%20Nakagawa"> Masahiro Nakagawa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Biological reactions of individuals of a testing animal to toxic substance are unique and can be used as an indication of the existing of toxic substance. However, to distinguish such phenomenon need a very complicate system and even more complicate to analyze data in 3 dimensional. In this paper, a system to evaluate in vitro biological activities to acute toxicity of stochastic self-affine non-stationary signal of 3D goldfish swimming by using fractal analysis is introduced. Regular digital camcorders are utilized by proposed algorithm 3DCCPC to effectively capture and construct 3D movements of the fish. A Critical Exponent Method (CEM) has been adopted as a fractal estimator. The hypothesis was that the swimming of goldfish to acute toxic would show the fractal property which related to the toxic concentration. The experimental results supported the hypothesis by showing that the swimming of goldfish under the different toxic concentration has fractal properties. It also shows that the fractal dimension of the swimming related to the pH value of FD 脭毛锚 0.26pH + 0.05. With the proposed system, the fish is allowed to swim freely in all direction to react to the toxic. In addition, the trajectories are precisely evaluated by fractal analysis with critical exponent method and hence the results exhibit with much higher degree of confidence. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=3D%20locomotion" title="3D locomotion">3D locomotion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=bioassay" title=" bioassay"> bioassay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=critical%20exponent%20method" title=" critical exponent method"> critical exponent method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=CEM" title="CEM">CEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fractal%20analysis" title=" fractal analysis"> fractal analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=goldfish." title=" goldfish."> goldfish.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7845/3d-locomotion-and-fractal-analysis-of-goldfish-for-acute-toxicity-bioassay" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7845/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7845/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7845/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7845/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7845/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7845/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7845/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7845/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7845/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7845/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7845.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1724</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">67</span> Evaluating Hurst Parameters and Fractal Dimensions of Surveyed Dataset of Tailings Dam Embankment </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=I.%20Yakubu">I. Yakubu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Y.%20Y.%20Ziggah"> Y. Y. Ziggah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=C.%20Yeboah"> C. Yeboah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the mining environment, tailings dam embankment is among the hazards and risk areas. The tailings dam embankment could fail and result to damages to facilities, human injuries or even fatalities. Periodic monitoring of the dam embankment is needed to help assess the safety of the tailings dam embankment. Artificial intelligence techniques such as fractals can be used to analyse the stability of the monitored dataset from survey measurement techniques. In this paper, the fractal dimension (D) was determined using D = 2-H. The Hurst parameters (H) of each monitored prism were determined by using a time domain of rescaled range programming in MATLAB software. The fractal dimensions of each monitored prism were determined based on the values of H. The results reveal that the values of the determined H were all within the threshold of 0 ≤ H ≤ 1 m. The smaller the H, the bigger the fractal dimension is. Fractal dimension values ranging from 1.359 x 10<sup>-4</sup> m to 1.8843 x 10<sup>-3</sup> m were obtained from the monitored prisms on the based on the tailing dam embankment dataset used. The ranges of values obtained indicate that the tailings dam embankment is stable. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hurst%20parameter" title="Hurst parameter">Hurst parameter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fractal%20dimension" title=" fractal dimension"> fractal dimension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=tailings%20dam%20embankment" title=" tailings dam embankment"> tailings dam embankment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=surveyed%20dataset." title=" surveyed dataset."> surveyed dataset.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010245/evaluating-hurst-parameters-and-fractal-dimensions-of-surveyed-dataset-of-tailings-dam-embankment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010245/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010245/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010245/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010245/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010245/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010245/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010245/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010245/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010245/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010245/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010245.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">759</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">66</span> TFRank: An Evaluation of Users Importance with Fractal Views in Social Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fei%20Hao">Fei Hao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hai%20Wang"> Hai Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of research issues in social network analysis is to evaluate the position/importance of users in social networks. As the information diffusion in social network is evolving, it seems difficult to evaluate the importance of users using traditional approaches. In this paper, we propose an evaluation approach for user importance with fractal view in social networks. In this approach, the global importance (Fractal Importance) and the local importance (Topological Importance) of nodes are considered. The basic idea is that the bigger the product of fractal importance and topological importance of a node is, the more important of the node is. We devise the algorithm called TFRank corresponding to the proposed approach. Finally, we evaluate TFRank by experiments. Experimental results demonstrate our TFRank has the high correlations with PageRank algorithm and potential ranking algorithm, and it shows the effectiveness and advantages of our approach. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=TFRank" title="TFRank">TFRank</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fractal%20Importance" title=" Fractal Importance"> Fractal Importance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Topological%20Importance" title=" Topological Importance"> Topological Importance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Social%20Network" title=" Social Network"> Social Network</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7809/tfrank-an-evaluation-of-users-importance-with-fractal-views-in-social-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7809/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7809/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7809/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7809/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7809/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7809/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7809/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7809/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7809/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7809/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7809.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1513</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">65</span> Design and Analysis of a New Dual-Band Microstrip Fractal Antenna</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=I.%20Zahraoui">I. Zahraoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=J.%20Terhzaz"> J. Terhzaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Errkik"> A. Errkik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=El.%20H.%20Abdelmounim"> El. H. Abdelmounim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Tajmouati"> A. Tajmouati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=L.%20Abdellaoui"> L. Abdellaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20Ababssi"> N. Ababssi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Latrach"> M. Latrach</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This paper presents a novel design of a microstrip fractal antenna based on the use of Sierpinski triangle shape, it’s designed and simulated by using FR4 substrate in the operating frequency bands (GPS, WiMAX), the design is a fractal antenna with a modified ground structure. The proposed antenna is simulated and validated by using CST Microwave Studio Software, the simulated results presents good performances in term of radiation pattern and matching input impedance.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Dual-band%20antenna" title="Dual-band antenna">Dual-band antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fractal%20antenna" title=" Fractal antenna"> Fractal antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=GPS%20band" title=" GPS band"> GPS band</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Modified%20ground%20structure" title=" Modified ground structure"> Modified ground structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sierpinski%20triangle" title=" Sierpinski triangle"> Sierpinski triangle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=WiMAX%20band." title=" WiMAX band."> WiMAX band.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000229/design-and-analysis-of-a-new-dual-band-microstrip-fractal-antenna" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000229/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000229/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000229/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000229/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000229/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000229/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000229/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000229/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000229/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000229/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000229.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">4007</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">64</span> Effect of Particle Gravity on the Fractal Dimension of Particle Line in three-dimensional Turbulent Flows using Kinematic Simulation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Abou%20El-Azm%20Aly">A. Abou El-Azm Aly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=F.%20Nicolleau"> F. Nicolleau</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=T.%20M.%20Michelitsch"> T. M. Michelitsch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20F.%20Nowakowski"> A. F. Nowakowski</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, the dispersion of heavy particles line in an isotropic and incompressible three-dimensional turbulent flow has been studied using the Kinematic Simulation techniques to find out the evolution of the line fractal dimension. The fractal dimension of the line is found in the case of different particle gravity (in practice, different values of particle drift velocity) in the presence of small particle inertia with a comparison with that obtained in the diffusion case of material line at the same Reynolds number. It can be concluded for the dispersion of heavy particles line in turbulent flow that the particle gravity affect the fractal dimension of the line for different particle gravity velocities in the range 0.2 < W < 2. With the increase of the particle drift velocity, the fractal dimension of the line decreases which may be explained as the particles pass many scales in their journey in the direction of the gravity and the particles trajectories do not affect by these scales at high particle drift velocities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Heavy%20particles" title="Heavy particles">Heavy particles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=two-phase%20flow" title=" two-phase flow"> two-phase flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kinematic%20Simulation" title=" Kinematic Simulation"> Kinematic Simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fractal%20dimension." title=" Fractal dimension."> Fractal dimension.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6267/effect-of-particle-gravity-on-the-fractal-dimension-of-particle-line-in-three-dimensional-turbulent-flows-using-kinematic-simulation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6267/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6267/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6267/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6267/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6267/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6267/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6267/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6267/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6267/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6267/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6267.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1438</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">63</span> Trabecular Bone Radiograph Characterization Using Fractal, Multifractal Analysis and SVM Classifier</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=I.%20Slim">I. Slim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=H.%20Akkari"> H. Akkari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Ben%20Abdallah"> A. Ben Abdallah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=I.%20Bhouri"> I. Bhouri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Hedi%20Bedoui"> M. Hedi Bedoui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Osteoporosis is a common disease characterized by low bone mass and deterioration of micro-architectural bone tissue, which provokes an increased risk of fracture. This work treats the texture characterization of trabecular bone radiographs. The aim was to analyze according to clinical research a group of 174 subjects: 87 osteoporotic patients (OP) with various bone fracture types and 87 control cases (CC). To characterize osteoporosis, Fractal and MultiFractal (MF) methods were applied to images for features (attributes) extraction. In order to improve the results, a new method of MF spectrum based on the q-stucture function calculation was proposed and a combination of Fractal and MF attributes was used. The Support Vector Machines (SVM) was applied as a classifier to distinguish between OP patients and CC subjects. The features fusion (fractal and MF) allowed a good discrimination between the two groups with an accuracy rate of 96.22%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fractal" title="Fractal">Fractal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=micro-architecture%20analysis" title=" micro-architecture analysis"> micro-architecture analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=multifractal" title=" multifractal"> multifractal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=SVM" title=" SVM"> SVM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=osteoporosis." title=" osteoporosis. "> osteoporosis. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008509/trabecular-bone-radiograph-characterization-using-fractal-multifractal-analysis-and-svm-classifier" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008509/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008509/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008509/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008509/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008509/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008509/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008509/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008509/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008509/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008509/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008509.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">985</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">62</span> Computing Fractal Dimension of Signals using Multiresolution Box-counting Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=B.%20S.%20Raghavendra">B. S. Raghavendra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=D.%20Narayana%20Dutt"> D. Narayana Dutt</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we have developed a method to compute fractal dimension (FD) of discrete time signals, in the time domain, by modifying the box-counting method. The size of the box is dependent on the sampling frequency of the signal. The number of boxes required to completely cover the signal are obtained at multiple time resolutions. The time resolutions are made coarse by decimating the signal. The loglog plot of total number of boxes required to cover the curve versus size of the box used appears to be a straight line, whose slope is taken as an estimate of FD of the signal. The results are provided to demonstrate the performance of the proposed method using parametric fractal signals. The estimation accuracy of the method is compared with that of Katz, Sevcik, and Higuchi methods. In addition, some properties of the FD are discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Box-counting" title="Box-counting">Box-counting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fractal%20dimension" title=" Fractal dimension"> Fractal dimension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Higuchi%20method" title=" Higuchi method"> Higuchi method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Katz%20method" title="Katz method">Katz method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Parametric%20fractal%20signals" title=" Parametric fractal signals"> Parametric fractal signals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sevcik%20method." title=" Sevcik method."> Sevcik method.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2503/computing-fractal-dimension-of-signals-using-multiresolution-box-counting-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2503/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2503/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2503/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2503/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2503/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2503/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2503/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2503/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2503/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2503/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2503.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">4594</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">61</span> Dual Band Fractal Antenna for Wireless Sensor Network Application</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Shanmugapriya">M. Shanmugapriya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20A.%20Maluk%20Mohamed"> M. A. Maluk Mohamed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=J.%20William"> J. William</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a collection of sensor nodes organized into a cooperative network. These nodes communicate through a wireless antenna. Reduction in physical size and multiband operation is an important requirement of WSN antenna. Fractal antenna is used for miniaturization and multiband operation. The self-similar or self-affine and space filling property of fractal geometry increases the effective electrical length of the antenna, reduces the size and make them frequency independent. This paper elaborates on Dual band fractal antenna with Coplanar Waveguide (CPW) feed for WSN. The proposed antenna is designed on a FR4 substrate with the dimension of 27mm x 28.5mm x 1.6mm, resonates at 2.4GHz and 5.2GHz with a return loss less than -10dB. The design and simulation process is carried out using IE3D simulation software. The simulated and measured results are found in good agreement.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=CPW" title="CPW">CPW</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fractal" title=" Fractal"> Fractal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Iterations" title=" Iterations"> Iterations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Miniaturization" title=" Miniaturization"> Miniaturization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Space%0D%0Afilling" title=" Space filling"> Space filling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Self%20Similar" title=" Self Similar"> Self Similar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=WSN" title=" WSN"> WSN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=WLAN." title=" WLAN."> WLAN.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999733/dual-band-fractal-antenna-for-wireless-sensor-network-application" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999733/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999733/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999733/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999733/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999733/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999733/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999733/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999733/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999733/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999733/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999733.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2473</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">60</span> Fractal Patterns for Power Quality Detection Using Color Relational Analysis Based Classifier</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chia-Hung%20Lin">Chia-Hung Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mei-Sung%20Kang"> Mei-Sung Kang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cong-Hui%20Huang"> Cong-Hui Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chao-Lin%20Kuo"> Chao-Lin Kuo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper proposes fractal patterns for power quality (PQ) detection using color relational analysis (CRA) based classifier. Iterated function system (IFS) uses the non-linear interpolation in the map and uses similarity maps to construct various fractal patterns of power quality disturbances, including harmonics, voltage sag, voltage swell, voltage sag involving harmonics, voltage swell involving harmonics, and voltage interruption. The non-linear interpolation functions (NIFs) with fractal dimension (FD) make fractal patterns more distinguishing between normal and abnormal voltage signals. The classifier based on CRA discriminates the disturbance events in a power system. Compared with the wavelet neural networks, the test results will show accurate discrimination, good robustness, and faster processing time for detecting disturbing events. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Power%20Quality%20%28PQ%29" title="Power Quality (PQ)">Power Quality (PQ)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Color%20Relational%20Analysis%28CRA%29" title=" Color Relational Analysis(CRA)"> Color Relational Analysis(CRA)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Iterated%20Function%20System%20%28IFS%29" title=" Iterated Function System (IFS)"> Iterated Function System (IFS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Non-linear%20InterpolationFunction%20%28NIF%29" title=" Non-linear InterpolationFunction (NIF)"> Non-linear InterpolationFunction (NIF)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fractal%20Dimension%20%28FD%29." title=" Fractal Dimension (FD)."> Fractal Dimension (FD).</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12617/fractal-patterns-for-power-quality-detection-using-color-relational-analysis-based-classifier" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12617/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12617/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12617/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12617/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12617/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12617/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12617/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12617/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12617/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12617/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12617.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1648</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">59</span> Hybrid Genetic-Simulated Annealing Approach for Fractal Image Compression</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Y.Chakrapani">Y.Chakrapani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=K.Soundera%20Rajan"> K.Soundera Rajan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper a hybrid technique of Genetic Algorithm and Simulated Annealing (HGASA) is applied for Fractal Image Compression (FIC). With the help of this hybrid evolutionary algorithm effort is made to reduce the search complexity of matching between range block and domain block. The concept of Simulated Annealing (SA) is incorporated into Genetic Algorithm (GA) in order to avoid pre-mature convergence of the strings. One of the image compression techniques in the spatial domain is Fractal Image Compression but the main drawback of FIC is that it involves more computational time due to global search. In order to improve the computational time along with acceptable quality of the decoded image, HGASA technique has been proposed. Experimental results show that the proposed HGASA is a better method than GA in terms of PSNR for Fractal image Compression. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fractal%20Image%20Compression" title="Fractal Image Compression">Fractal Image Compression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Genetic%20Algorithm" title=" Genetic Algorithm"> Genetic Algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=HGASA" title=" HGASA"> HGASA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Simulated%20Annealing." title=" Simulated Annealing."> Simulated Annealing.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6811/hybrid-genetic-simulated-annealing-approach-for-fractal-image-compression" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6811/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6811/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6811/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6811/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6811/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6811/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6811/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6811/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6811/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6811/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6811.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1665</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">58</span> Gradual Shot Boundary Detection and Classification Based on Fractal Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Zeinab%20Zeinalpour-Tabrizi">Zeinab Zeinalpour-Tabrizi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Faeze%20Asdaghi"> Faeze Asdaghi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mahmooh%20Fathy"> Mahmooh Fathy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohammad%20Reza%20Jahed-Motlagh"> Mohammad Reza Jahed-Motlagh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Shot boundary detection is a fundamental step for the organization of large video data. In this paper, we propose a new method for video gradual shots detection and classification, using advantages of fractal analysis and AIS-based classifier. Proposed features are “vertical intercept" and “fractal dimension" of each frame of videos which are computed using Fourier transform coefficients. We also used a classifier based on Clonal Selection Algorithm. We have carried out our solution and assessed it according to the TRECVID2006 benchmark dataset.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=shot%20boundary%20detection" title="shot boundary detection">shot boundary detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=gradual%20shots" title=" gradual shots"> gradual shots</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fractal%20analysis" title=" fractal analysis"> fractal analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=artificial%20immune%20system" title=" artificial immune system"> artificial immune system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=choose%20Clooney." title=" choose Clooney."> choose Clooney.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14137/gradual-shot-boundary-detection-and-classification-based-on-fractal-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14137/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14137/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14137/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14137/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14137/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14137/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14137/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14137/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14137/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14137/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14137.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1924</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">57</span> Fractal Dimension: An Index to Quantify Parameters in Genetic Algorithms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mahmoud%20R.%20Shaghaghian">Mahmoud R. Shaghaghian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Genetic Algorithms (GAs) are direct searching methods which require little information from design space. This characteristic beside robustness of these algorithms makes them to be very popular in recent decades. On the other hand, while this method is employed, there is no guarantee to achieve optimum results. This obliged designer to run such algorithms more than one time to achieve more reliable results. There are many attempts to modify the algorithms to make them more efficient. In this paper, by application of fractal dimension (particularly, Box Counting Method), the complexity of design space are established for determination of mutation and crossover probabilities (Pm and Pc). This methodology is followed by a numerical example for more clarification. It is concluded that this modification will improve efficiency of GAs and make them to bring about more reliable results especially for design space with higher fractal dimensions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Genetic%20Algorithm" title="Genetic Algorithm">Genetic Algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fractal%20Dimension" title=" Fractal Dimension"> Fractal Dimension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=BoxCounting%20Method" title=" BoxCounting Method"> BoxCounting Method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Weierstrass-Mandelbrot%20function." title=" Weierstrass-Mandelbrot function."> Weierstrass-Mandelbrot function.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6312/fractal-dimension-an-index-to-quantify-parameters-in-genetic-algorithms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6312/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6312/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6312/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6312/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6312/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6312/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6312/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6312/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6312/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6312/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6312.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1467</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">56</span> Fractal Shapes Description with Parametric L-systems and Turtle Algebra</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ikbal%20Zammouri">Ikbal Zammouri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=B%C3%A9chir%20Ayeb"> B茅chir Ayeb</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this paper, we propose a new method to describe fractal shapes using parametric l-systems. First we introduce scaling factors in the production rules of the parametric l-systems grammars. Then we decorticate these grammars with scaling factors using turtle algebra to show the mathematical relation between l-systems and iterated function systems (IFS). We demonstrate that with specific values of the scaling factors, we find the exact relationship established by Prusinkiewicz and Hammel between l-systems and IFS.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fractal%20shapes" title="Fractal shapes">Fractal shapes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=IFS" title=" IFS"> IFS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=parametric%20l-systems" title=" parametric l-systems"> parametric l-systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=turtlealgebra." title=" turtlealgebra."> turtlealgebra.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15297/fractal-shapes-description-with-parametric-l-systems-and-turtle-algebra" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15297/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15297/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15297/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15297/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15297/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15297/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15297/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15297/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15297/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15297/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15297.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1855</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">55</span> Fractal - Wavelet Based Techniques for Improving the Artificial Neural Network Models</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Reza%20Bazargan%20Lari">Reza Bazargan Lari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohammad%20H.%20Fattahi"> Mohammad H. Fattahi </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Natural resources management including water resources requires reliable estimations of time variant environmental parameters. Small improvements in the estimation of environmental parameters would result in grate effects on managing decisions. Noise reduction using wavelet techniques is an effective approach for preprocessing of practical data sets. Predictability enhancement of the river flow time series are assessed using fractal approaches before and after applying wavelet based preprocessing. Time series correlation and persistency, the minimum sufficient length for training the predicting model and the maximum valid length of predictions were also investigated through a fractal assessment.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Wavelet" title="Wavelet">Wavelet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=de-noising" title=" de-noising"> de-noising</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=predictability" title=" predictability"> predictability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=time%20series%20fractal%20analysis" title=" time series fractal analysis"> time series fractal analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=valid%20length" title=" valid length"> valid length</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ANN." title=" ANN."> ANN.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999124/fractal-wavelet-based-techniques-for-improving-the-artificial-neural-network-models" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999124/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999124/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999124/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999124/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999124/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999124/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999124/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999124/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999124/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999124/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999124.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2063</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">54</span> Labyrinth Fractal on a Convex Quadrilateral</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Harsha%20Gopalakrishnan">Harsha Gopalakrishnan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Srijanani%20Anurag%20Prasad"> Srijanani Anurag Prasad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Quadrilateral Labyrinth Fractals are a type of fractals presented in this paper. They belong to a unique class of fractals on any plane quadrilateral. The previously researched labyrinth fractals on the unit square and triangle inspire this form of fractal. This work describes how to construct a quadrilateral labyrinth fractal and looks at the circumstances in which it can be understood as the attractor of an iterated function system. Furthermore, some of its topological properties and the Hausdorff and box-counting dimensions of the quadrilateral labyrinth fractals are studied.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fractals" title="Fractals">Fractals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=labyrinth%20fractals" title=" labyrinth fractals"> labyrinth fractals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=dendrites" title=" dendrites"> dendrites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=iterated%20function%0D%0Asystem" title=" iterated function system"> iterated function system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=non-self%20similar" title=" non-self similar"> non-self similar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=non-self%20affine" title=" non-self affine"> non-self affine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=connected" title=" connected"> connected</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=path%20connected." title=" path connected."> path connected.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013710/labyrinth-fractal-on-a-convex-quadrilateral" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013710/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013710/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013710/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013710/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013710/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013710/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013710/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013710/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013710/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013710/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013710.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">79</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">53</span> A Proposed Hybrid Color Image Compression Based on Fractal Coding with Quadtree and Discrete Cosine Transform</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Shimal%20Das">Shimal Das</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Dibyendu%20Ghoshal"> Dibyendu Ghoshal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Fractal based digital image compression is a specific technique in the field of color image. The method is best suited for irregular shape of image like snow bobs, clouds, flame of fire; tree leaves images, depending on the fact that parts of an image often resemble with other parts of the same image. This technique has drawn much attention in recent years because of very high compression ratio that can be achieved. Hybrid scheme incorporating fractal compression and speedup techniques have achieved high compression ratio compared to pure fractal compression. Fractal image compression is a lossy compression method in which selfsimilarity nature of an image is used. This technique provides high compression ratio, less encoding time and fart decoding process. In this paper, fractal compression with quad tree and DCT is proposed to compress the color image. The proposed hybrid schemes require four phases to compress the color image. First: the image is segmented and Discrete Cosine Transform is applied to each block of the segmented image. Second: the block values are scanned in a zigzag manner to prevent zero co-efficient. Third: the resulting image is partitioned as fractals by quadtree approach. Fourth: the image is compressed using Run length encoding technique.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fractal%20coding" title="Fractal coding">Fractal coding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Discrete%20Cosine%20Transform" title=" Discrete Cosine Transform"> Discrete Cosine Transform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Iterated%0D%0AFunction%20System%20%28IFS%29" title=" Iterated Function System (IFS)"> Iterated Function System (IFS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Affine%20Transformation" title=" Affine Transformation"> Affine Transformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Run%20length%20encoding." title=" Run length encoding."> Run length encoding.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003345/a-proposed-hybrid-color-image-compression-based-on-fractal-coding-with-quadtree-and-discrete-cosine-transform" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003345/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003345/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003345/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003345/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003345/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003345/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003345/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003345/ris" target="_blank" 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