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<li id="toc-Early_20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Early 20th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-WWII_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-WWII_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Post-WWII period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-WWII_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_Hong_Kong_dollar_in_the_sterling_area" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Hong_Kong_dollar_in_the_sterling_area"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>The Hong Kong dollar in the sterling area</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Hong_Kong_dollar_in_the_sterling_area-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_impacts_of_the_devaluation_of_the_pound_in_1967" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_impacts_of_the_devaluation_of_the_pound_in_1967"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>The impacts of the devaluation of the pound in 1967</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_impacts_of_the_devaluation_of_the_pound_in_1967-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Floating_currency_system,_1974–1983" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Floating_currency_system,_1974–1983"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.3</span> <span>Floating currency system, 1974–1983</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Floating_currency_system,_1974–1983-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Linked_Exchange_Rate_System_since_1983" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Linked_Exchange_Rate_System_since_1983"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.4</span> <span>Linked Exchange Rate System since 1983</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Linked_Exchange_Rate_System_since_1983-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-1997_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-1997_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Post-1997 period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-1997_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Terminology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Terminology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Terminology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Terminology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Terminology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Terminology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Slang_terms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Slang_terms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Slang terms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Slang_terms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Coins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Banknotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Banknotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Banknotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Banknotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Economics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Linked_exchange_rate_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Linked_exchange_rate_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Linked exchange rate system</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Linked_exchange_rate_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Renminbi_peg_debate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Renminbi_peg_debate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Renminbi peg debate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Renminbi_peg_debate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exchange_rates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exchange_rates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Exchange rates</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Exchange_rates-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Exchange rates subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Exchange_rates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Current_exchange_rates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_exchange_rates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Current exchange rates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current_exchange_rates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historical_exchange_rates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_exchange_rates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Historical exchange rates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_exchange_rates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Hong Kong dollar</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Available in 64 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-64" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">64 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hongkong-dollar" title="Hongkong-dollar – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Hongkong-dollar" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%87%D9%88%D9%86%D8%BA_%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86%D8%BA" title="دولار هونغ كونغ – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دولار هونغ كونغ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B3lar_de_%E1%B8%A4ong_Kong" title="Dólar de Ḥong Kong – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Dólar de Ḥong Kong" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honkonq_dollar%C4%B1" title="Honkonq dolları – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Honkonq dolları" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiong-k%C3%A1ng_dollar" title="Hiong-káng dollar – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hiong-káng dollar" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Ганконгскі долар – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ганконгскі долар" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80" title="Ганконскі даляр – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ганконскі даляр" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolyar_nin_Hong_Kong" title="Dolyar nin Hong Kong – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Dolyar nin Hong Kong" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Хонконгски долар – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хонконгски долар" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B2lar_de_Hong_Kong" title="Dòlar de Hong Kong – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Dòlar de Hong Kong" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hongkongsk%C3%BD_dolar" title="Hongkongský dolar – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hongkongský dolar" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doler_Hong_Cong" title="Doler Hong Cong – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Doler Hong Cong" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hongkong-dollar" title="Hongkong-dollar – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hongkong-dollar" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hongkong-Dollar" title="Hongkong-Dollar – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hongkong-Dollar" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hongkongi_dollar" title="Hongkongi dollar – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hongkongi dollar" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CE%A7%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA_%CE%9A%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA" title="Δολάριο Χονγκ Κονγκ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δολάριο Χονγκ Κονγκ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B3lar_de_Hong_Kong" title="Dólar de Hong Kong – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Dólar de Hong Kong" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honkonga_dolaro" title="Honkonga dolaro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Honkonga dolaro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolar_hongkongdar" title="Dolar hongkongdar – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Dolar hongkongdar" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%87%D9%86%DA%AF_%DA%A9%D9%86%DA%AF" title="دلار هنگ کنگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دلار هنگ کنگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dollar_de_Hong_Kong" title="Dollar de Hong Kong – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Dollar de Hong Kong" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B3lar_de_Hong_Kong" title="Dólar de Hong Kong – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Dólar de Hong Kong" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hi%C3%B4ng-k%C3%B3ng_dollar" title="Hiông-kóng dollar – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Hiông-kóng dollar" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%99%8D%EC%BD%A9_%EB%8B%AC%EB%9F%AC" title="홍콩 달러 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="홍콩 달러" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%AF%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A4%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%A1%D6%80" title="Հոնկոնգյան դոլար – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հոնկոնգյան դոլար" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%97_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%97_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B0" title="हाँग काँग डॉलर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हाँग काँग डॉलर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hongkon%C5%A1ki_dolar" title="Hongkonški dolar – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Hongkonški dolar" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolar_Hong_Kong" title="Dolar Hong Kong – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Dolar Hong Kong" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong-dalur" title="Hong Kong-dalur – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hong Kong-dalur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dollaro_di_Hong_Kong" title="Dollaro di Hong Kong – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Dollaro di Hong Kong" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%92_%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%99" title="דולר הונג קונגי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דולר הונג קונגי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honkongo_doleris" title="Honkongo doleris – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Honkongo doleris" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hongkongi_doll%C3%A1r" title="Hongkongi dollár – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hongkongi dollár" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%BC" title="ഹോങ്കോങ്ങ് ഡോളർ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഹോങ്കോങ്ങ് ഡോളർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%97_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%97_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B0" title="हाँग काँग डॉलर – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="हाँग काँग डॉलर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ჰონგკონგიშ დოლარი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჰონგკონგიშ დოლარი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%87%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AC_%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AC" title="دولار هونج كونج – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="دولار هونج كونج" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolar_Hong_Kong" title="Dolar Hong Kong – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Dolar Hong Kong" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hi%C5%8Fng-g%C4%93%CC%A4ng_dollar" title="Hiŏng-gē̤ng dollar – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Hiŏng-gē̤ng dollar" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9F%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%92%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AB%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AC" title="ဟောင်ကောင်ဒေါ်လာ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဟောင်ကောင်ဒေါ်လာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hongkongse_dollar" title="Hongkongse dollar – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hongkongse dollar" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E3%83%89%E3%83%AB" title="香港ドル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="香港ドル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hongkongdollar" title="Hongkongdollar – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hongkongdollar" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonkong_dollari" title="Gonkong dollari – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Gonkong dollari" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%97_%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%B0" title="ਹਾਂਗਕਾਂਗ ਡਾਲਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਹਾਂਗਕਾਂਗ ਡਾਲਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolar_Hongkongu" title="Dolar Hongkongu – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dolar Hongkongu" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B3lar_de_Hong_Kong" title="Dólar de Hong Kong – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Dólar de Hong Kong" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Гонконгский доллар – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гонконгский доллар" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hongkonsk%C3%BD_dol%C3%A1r" title="Hongkonský dolár – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hongkonský dolár" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Хонгконшки долар – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хонгконшки долар" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hongkongin_dollari" title="Hongkongin dollari – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hongkongin dollari" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hongkongdollar" title="Hongkongdollar – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hongkongdollar" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolyar_ng_Hongkong" title="Dolyar ng Hongkong – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Dolyar ng Hongkong" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B9%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="ஹொங்கொங் டொலர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஹொங்கொங் டொலர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%87" title="ดอลลาร์ฮ่องกง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ดอลลาร์ฮ่องกง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8_%D2%B2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Доллари Ҳонг Конг – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Доллари Ҳонг Конг" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong_dolar%C4%B1" title="Hong Kong doları – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hong Kong doları" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Гонконзький долар – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гонконзький долар" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF_%DA%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1" title="ہانگ کانگ ڈالر – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ہانگ کانگ ڈالر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%C3%B4_la_H%E1%BB%93ng_K%C3%B4ng" title="Đô la Hồng Kông – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đô la Hồng Kông" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B8%AF%E5%85%83" title="港元 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="港元" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%E1%BB%8D%CC%81l%C3%A0_H%E1%BB%8D%CC%81ng_K%E1%BB%8Dng" title="Dọ́là Họ́ng Kọng – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Dọ́là Họ́ng Kọng" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B8%AF%E5%85%83" title="港元 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="港元" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B8%AF%E5%85%83" title="港元 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="港元" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Currency of Hong Kong</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"HKD" redirects here. For the airport in Japan, see <a href="/wiki/Hakodate_Airport" title="Hakodate Airport">Hakodate Airport</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Hong Kong dollar</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh" style="font-style: normal;">港元</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:small; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>)</span> </th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: lightskyblue"><a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">ISO 4217</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Code</th><td class="infobox-data">HKD (numeric: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><span class="monospaced">344</span>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_4217#Minor_unit_decimals" title="ISO 4217">Subunit</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6998100000000000000♠"></span>0.01</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: lightskyblue">Unit</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Plural</th><td class="infobox-data">Dollars (English only)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Currency_symbol" title="Currency symbol">Symbol</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Dollar_sign" title="Dollar sign">$</a>, HK$ or 元</span>‎</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: lightskyblue"><a href="/wiki/Denomination_(currency)" title="Denomination (currency)">Denominations</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Subunit</th><td class="infobox-data"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">10</span></span></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-HK"><a href="/wiki/Jiao_(currency)" title="Jiao (currency)">毫</a></span></span> (<i>hòu</i>) ("háo") (Chinese only)<br /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /><span class="nobold"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027" /><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">100</span></span></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-HK">仙</span></span> (<i>Sin</i>) ("xiān") (Chinese)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Cent_(currency)" title="Cent (currency)">cent</a> (plural: cents, symbol: <a href="/wiki/Cent_sign" class="mw-redirect" title="Cent sign">¢</a>) (English)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /><span class="nobold"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027" /><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">1000</span></span> (historical)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-HK"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_cash_(currency_unit)" title="Chinese cash (currency unit)">文</a></span></span> (<i>mành</i>) ("wèn") (Chinese)<br /><a href="/wiki/Mill_(currency)" title="Mill (currency)">mil</a> (English)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Banknotes_of_the_Hong_Kong_dollar" title="Banknotes of the Hong Kong dollar">Banknotes</a></th><td class="infobox-data"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /><span class="nobold"> Freq. used</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_ten-dollar_note" title="Hong Kong ten-dollar note">HK$10</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_twenty-dollar_note" title="Hong Kong twenty-dollar note">HK$20</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_fifty-dollar_note" title="Hong Kong fifty-dollar note">HK$50</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_one_hundred-dollar_note" title="Hong Kong one hundred-dollar note">HK$100</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_five_hundred-dollar_note" title="Hong Kong five hundred-dollar note">HK$500</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_one_thousand-dollar_note" title="Hong Kong one thousand-dollar note">HK$1,000</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /><span class="nobold"> Rarely used</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_one_hundred_and_fifty-dollar_note" title="Hong Kong one hundred and fifty-dollar note">HK$150</a> (Commemorative note)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Coins_of_the_Hong_Kong_dollar" title="Coins of the Hong Kong dollar">Coins</a></th><td class="infobox-data"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /><span class="nobold"> Freq. used</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_ten-cent_coin" title="Hong Kong ten-cent coin">10¢</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_twenty-cent_coin" title="Hong Kong twenty-cent coin">20¢</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_fifty-cent_coin" title="Hong Kong fifty-cent coin">50¢</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dollar_(Hong_Kong_coin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dollar (Hong Kong coin)">HK$1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_two-dollar_coin" title="Hong Kong two-dollar coin">HK$2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_five-dollar_coin" title="Hong Kong five-dollar coin">HK$5</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /><span class="nobold"> Rarely used</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_ten-dollar_coin" title="Hong Kong ten-dollar coin">HK$10</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: lightskyblue">Demographics</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date of introduction</th><td class="infobox-data">1846<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Official user(s)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/45px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong SAR</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Unofficial user(s)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/40px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/60px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau SAR</a> (alongside with <a href="/wiki/Macanese_Pataca" class="mw-redirect" title="Macanese Pataca">Macanese Pataca</a>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: lightskyblue">Issuance</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Monetary_authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Monetary authority">Monetary authority</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Monetary_Authority" title="Hong Kong Monetary Authority">Hong Kong Monetary Authority</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /><span class="nobold"> Website</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hkma.gov.hk">www<wbr />.hkma<wbr />.gov<wbr />.hk</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Printer_(publishing)" title="Printer (publishing)">Printer</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Note_Printing" title="Hong Kong Note Printing">Hong Kong Note Printing</a><br /> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Issuing banks and authority</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">1. <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Monetary_Authority" title="Hong Kong Monetary Authority">Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</a><br /> 2. <a href="/wiki/HSBC_(Hong_Kong)" title="HSBC (Hong Kong)">The Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (HSBC)<br /> 香港上海滙豐銀行</a><br /> 3. <a href="/wiki/Standard_Chartered_Hong_Kong" title="Standard Chartered Hong Kong">Standard Chartered (Hong Kong) <br />渣打銀行 [香港] </a><br /> 4. <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_China_(Hong_Kong)" title="Bank of China (Hong Kong)">Bank of China (Hong Kong) <br />中國銀行 [香港] </a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: lightskyblue">Valuation</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Monetary_inflation" title="Monetary inflation">Inflation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1.7%<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (March 2022 est.)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Fixed_exchange_rate_system" title="Fixed exchange rate system">Pegged with</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">U.S. Dollar</a> (USD)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br /> US$1.00 USD = HK$7.80±0.05</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Fixed_exchange_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Fixed exchange rate">Pegged by</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Macanese_pataca" title="Macanese pataca">Macanese pataca</a> (MOP$) <br /> HK$1.00 = MOP$1.03</td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color:#b0c4de">Hong Kong dollar</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hani" style="font-size: 1rem;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%B8%AF%E5%85%83" class="extiw" title="wikt:港元">港元</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Cantonese</a> <a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Yale</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Góng yùn</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Literal meaning</th><td class="infobox-data">(Hong) Kong <a href="/wiki/Dollar" title="Dollar">dollar</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Gǎngyuán</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo" style="font-style: normal;">ㄍㄤˇ ㄩㄢˊ</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Kang3-yüan2</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="cmn-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[kàŋ<span class="wrap"> </span>ɥɛ̌n]</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Góng yùn</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Gong2 jyun4</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Lau_romanisation" title="Sidney Lau romanisation">Sidney Lau</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Gong<sup>2</sup> yuen<sup>4</sup></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Romanization" title="Guangdong Romanization">Canton Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Gong2 yun4</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Government_Cantonese_Romanisation" title="Hong Kong Government Cantonese Romanisation">Hong Kong Romanisation</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Kong yun</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="yue-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">[kɔ̌ːŋ<span class="wrap"> </span>y̏n]</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Alternative Chinese name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant" style="font-size: 1rem;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%B8%AF%E5%B9%A3" class="extiw" title="wikt:港幣">港幣</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans" style="font-size: 1rem;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%B8%AF%E5%B8%81" class="extiw" title="wikt:港币">港币</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Cantonese</a> <a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Yale</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Góng bàih</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Literal meaning</th><td class="infobox-data">(Hong) Kong <a href="/wiki/Coin" title="Coin">coin</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Gǎngbì</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Kang3-pi4</span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Góng bàih</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Gong2 bai6</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Hong Kong dollar</b> (<a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">港元</span>, <a href="/wiki/Currency_symbol" title="Currency symbol">sign</a>: <b>HK$</b>; <a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">code</a>: <b>HKD</b>) is the official <a href="/wiki/Currency" title="Currency">currency</a> of <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>. It is divided into 100 <a href="/wiki/Cent_(currency)" title="Cent (currency)">cents</a>. Historically, it was also divided into 1000 <a href="/wiki/Mill_(currency)" title="Mill (currency)">mils</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Monetary_Authority" title="Hong Kong Monetary Authority">Hong Kong Monetary Authority</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Central_bank" title="Central bank">monetary authority</a> of Hong Kong and the Hong Kong dollar. </p><p>Three commercial banks are licensed by the Hong Kong Monetary Authority to issue their own banknotes for general circulation in Hong Kong. These banks, <a href="/wiki/The_Hongkong_and_Shanghai_Banking_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation">HSBC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_China_(Hong_Kong)" title="Bank of China (Hong Kong)">Bank of China</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Standard_Chartered_Hong_Kong" title="Standard Chartered Hong Kong">Standard Chartered</a>, issue their own designs of banknotes in denominations of HK$20, HK$50, HK$100, HK$150, HK$500, and HK$1000, with all designs being similar to one another in the same denomination of banknote. However, the HK$10 banknote and all coins are issued by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Hong_Kong" title="Government of Hong Kong">Government of Hong Kong</a>. </p><p>As of April 2019,<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hong_Kong_dollar&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> the Hong Kong dollar was the ninth-<a href="/wiki/Template:Most_traded_currencies" title="Template:Most traded currencies">most traded currency in the world</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BIS_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BIS-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hong Kong uses a <a href="/wiki/Linked_exchange_rate_system_in_Hong_Kong" title="Linked exchange rate system in Hong Kong">linked exchange rate system</a>, trading since May 2005 in the range US$1:HK$7.75–7.85. </p><p>Apart from its use in Hong Kong, the Hong Kong dollar is also used in neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a>. It is pegged at 1 Hong Kong dollar to 1.03 <a href="/wiki/Macanese_pataca" title="Macanese pataca">Macanese patacas</a>, and is generally accepted at par or MOP 1.00 for retail purchases.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hong_Kong_dollar&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Trade_dollar#United_Kingdom" title="Trade dollar">Trade dollar § United Kingdom</a></div> <style 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks plainlist" style="width: auto;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="padding-top: 0.2em; background-color: #8BA8CF; font-size: 150%;"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Hong_Kong" title="Economy of Hong Kong">Economy of Hong Kong</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #D6DFED;"> Identity</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hong Kong dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banknotes_of_the_Hong_Kong_dollar" title="Banknotes of the Hong Kong dollar">Banknotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coins_of_the_Hong_Kong_dollar" title="Coins of the Hong Kong dollar">Coins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Monetary_Authority" title="Hong Kong Monetary Authority">Monetary Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Asian_Tigers" title="Four Asian Tigers">Four Asian Tigers</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #D6DFED;"> Resources</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Employment_in_Hong_Kong" title="Employment in Hong Kong">Employment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Hong_Kong" title="Transport in Hong Kong">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Hong_Kong" title="Tourism in Hong Kong">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hongkong_Post" title="Hongkong Post">Postal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_and_aquaculture_in_Hong_Kong" title="Agriculture and aquaculture in Hong Kong">Agri/aqua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Hong_Kong" title="Port of Hong Kong">Ports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_in_Hong_Kong" title="Manufacturing in Hong Kong">Manufacturing</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #D6DFED;"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_in_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="List of companies in Hong Kong">Companies</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Stock_Exchange" title="Hong Kong Stock Exchange">Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Growth_Enterprise_Market" title="Growth Enterprise Market">Growth Enterprise Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Companies_listed_on_the_Hong_Kong_Stock_Exchange" class="mw-redirect" title="Companies listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange">Companies listed on HKSE</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #D6DFED;"> Other Hong Kong topics</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Hong_Kong" title="Culture of Hong Kong">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Hong_Kong" title="Education in Hong Kong">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Hong_Kong" title="Geography of Hong Kong">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Hong_Kong" title="History of Hong Kong">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Hong_Kong" title="Politics of Hong Kong">Politics</a></li></ul> <hr /></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Hong_Kong" title="Portal:Hong Kong">Hong Kong Portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Economy_of_Hong_Kong" title="Template:Economy of Hong Kong"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Economy_of_Hong_Kong" title="Template talk:Economy of Hong Kong"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Economy_of_Hong_Kong" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Economy of Hong Kong"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>When <a href="/wiki/British_Hong_Kong" title="British Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> was established as a free trading port in 1841, there was no local currency in everyday circulation. Foreign currencies such as Indian <a href="/wiki/Rupee" title="Rupee">rupees</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_dollar#Asia" title="Spanish dollar">Spanish or Mexican 8 reales</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chinese_cash_(currency_unit)" title="Chinese cash (currency unit)">Chinese cash</a> coins circulated.<sup id="cite_ref-hk$-history_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hk$-history-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 1825, it had been the policy of the British government to introduce <a href="/wiki/Sterling_silver" title="Sterling silver">sterling silver</a> coinage to all of its colonies, and to this end, in 1845, the Spanish or Mexican 8 reales coins were set at a legal tender value of 4 shillings, 2 pence <a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">sterling</a> (50 pre-decimal pence).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="where did this value equivalence come from? (January 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> But just as in the case of the <a href="/wiki/British_North_America" title="British North America">British North American</a> colonies, the attempts to introduce the sterling coinage failed to overcome the strong local adherence to the silver <a href="/wiki/Spanish_dollar" title="Spanish dollar">Spanish dollar</a> system that had been in wide circulation across the <a href="/wiki/Far_East" title="Far East">Far East</a>, emanating for centuries from <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_the_Philippines" title="Captaincy General of the Philippines">Philippines</a> as part of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_East_Indies" title="Spanish East Indies">Spanish East Indies</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish colonial empire</a> through the <a href="/wiki/Manila_galleon" title="Manila galleon">Manila-Acapulco Galleon Trade</a> with the coins minted in the <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_America" title="Hispanic America">Spanish Americas</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_Spain" title="New Spain">Mexico</a> or <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> or <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a>. </p><p>By 1858, the British government gave up all attempts to influence the currency situation in Canada, and by the 1860s, it came to the same realisation in Hong Kong: that there was no point in trying to displace an already existing currency system. In 1863, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Mint" title="Royal Mint">Royal Mint</a> in London began issuing special subsidiary coinage for use in Hong Kong within the dollar system, though other national currencies circulated unofficially for years afterwards.<sup id="cite_ref-hk$-history_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hk$-history-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1866, a <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Mint" title="Hong Kong Mint">local mint</a> was established at Cleveland Street in <a href="/wiki/Causeway_Bay" title="Causeway Bay">Causeway Bay</a> on <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Island" title="Hong Kong Island">Hong Kong Island</a> for the purpose of minting Hong Kong silver dollar and half dollar coins of the same value and similar likeness to their <a href="/wiki/Spanish_dollars#Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish dollars">Spanish/Mexican</a> counterparts.<sup id="cite_ref-hk$-history_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hk$-history-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Chinese did not however receive these new Hong Kong dollars well, and in 1868, the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Mint" title="Hong Kong Mint">Hong Kong Mint</a> was closed down with a loss of $440,000. The machinery at the Hong Kong mint was sold first to <a href="/wiki/Jardine_Matheson" class="mw-redirect" title="Jardine Matheson">Jardine Matheson</a> and, in turn, to the Japanese and used to make the first <a href="/wiki/Japanese_yen" title="Japanese yen">Yen</a> coins in 1870. In the 1860s, banknotes of the new British colonial banks, the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_and_Shanghai_Banking_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation">Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Chartered_Bank_of_India,_Australia_and_China" title="Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China">Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China</a>, denominated in dollars, also began to circulate in both Hong Kong and the wider region. </p><p>In 1873, <a href="/wiki/Panic_of_1873" title="Panic of 1873">the international silver crisis</a> resulted in a devaluation of silver against gold-based currencies. Since the silver dollars in the US and Canada were attached to a gold exchange standard, this meant that the silver dollars circulating along the China coast dropped in value as compared to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">U.S. dollar</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_dollar" title="Canadian dollar">Canadian dollar</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_20th_century">Early 20th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hong_Kong_dollar&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By 1895, the circumstances had changed to the extent that there was now a dearth of <a href="/wiki/Spanish_dollars#Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish dollars">Spanish/Mexican dollars</a> and the authorities in both <a href="/wiki/British_Hong_Kong" title="British Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Straits_Settlements" title="Straits Settlements">Straits Settlements</a> were putting pressure on the authorities in London to take measures to have a regular supply of silver dollar coins. London eventually acquiesced and legislation was enacted in attempts to regulate the coinage. New <a href="/wiki/British_trade_dollar" class="mw-redirect" title="British trade dollar">British trade dollars</a> were coined at the mints in <a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Calcutta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Bombay</a> for use in both Hong Kong and the <a href="/wiki/Straits_Settlements" title="Straits Settlements">Straits Settlements</a>. In 1906, the Straits Settlements issued their own silver dollar coin and attached it to a gold sterling exchange standard at a fixed value of 2 shillings and 4 pence. This was the point of departure as between the Hong Kong unit and the Straits unit. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/British_Weihaiwei" title="British Weihaiwei">British Weihaiwei</a>, the Hong Kong dollar circulated jointly with the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_yuan" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese yuan">Chinese yuan</a> from 1914 to 1930, when <a href="/wiki/Weihaiwei" class="mw-redirect" title="Weihaiwei">Weihaiwei</a> was returned to the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China</a>. </p><p>By 1935, only Hong Kong and China remained on the silver standard. In that year, Hong Kong, shortly after China, abandoned silver and introduced a crawling peg to sterling of £1 = HK$15.36 to HK$16.45. It was from this point in time that the concept of a Hong Kong dollar as a distinct unit of currency came into existence. The One-Dollar Currency Note Ordinance of that year led to the introduction of one-dollar notes by the government and the government acknowledged the Hong Kong dollar as the local monetary unit. It was not until 1937 that the <a href="/wiki/Legal_tender" title="Legal tender">legal tender</a> of Hong Kong was finally unified. In 1939, the Hong Kong dollar was put on a fixed peg of HK$16 = £1 ($1 = 1<a href="/wiki/Shilling" title="Shilling">s</a> 3<a href="/wiki/Penny" title="Penny">d</a>). </p><p>The discussion about switching from the silver standard to the gold standard began as early as 1930. A commission report was released in May 1931. It concluded that it was important for Hong Kong to facilitate free flow of capital with China and the same monetary standard was thus preferred. The report also recommended the Hong Kong Government only to take over the burden of note issuance when the banks failed to do so. Actually, the Hong Kong Government was not willing to take up the logistics of note issuance, and some officials even thought that the public had greater degree of confidence in the notes issued by those long-established banks than that by the government.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Occupation_of_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese Occupation of Hong Kong">Japanese occupation</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_military_yen" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese military yen">Japanese military yen</a> were the only means of everyday exchange in Hong Kong. When the yen was first introduced on 26 December 1941, the exchange rate was ¥1 = HK$2. However, in August 1942, the rate was changed to HK$4 to ¥1. The yen became the only legal tender on 1 June 1943. The issue of local currency was resumed by the Hong Kong government and the authorised local banks after liberation, with the pre-war rate of HK$16 = £1 being restored. The yen was exchanged at a rate of ¥100 = HK$1. On 6 September 1945, all military yen notes used in Japanese colonies were declared void by the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(Japan)" title="Ministry of Finance (Japan)">Japanese Ministry of Finance</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-WWII_period">Post-WWII period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hong_Kong_dollar&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Post-WWII period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1_dollar_Victoria_of_Hong_Kong_1867.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/1_dollar_Victoria_of_Hong_Kong_1867.jpg/250px-1_dollar_Victoria_of_Hong_Kong_1867.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/1_dollar_Victoria_of_Hong_Kong_1867.jpg/375px-1_dollar_Victoria_of_Hong_Kong_1867.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/1_dollar_Victoria_of_Hong_Kong_1867.jpg/500px-1_dollar_Victoria_of_Hong_Kong_1867.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2890" data-file-height="1448" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Silver_coin" title="Silver coin">Silver coin</a>: 1 dollar Victoria of Hong Kong, ssued in 1866, 1867, 1868, it was the first official currency of <a href="/wiki/British_Hong_Kong" title="British Hong Kong">British Hong Kong</a> and also the first <a href="/wiki/Trade_dollar" title="Trade dollar">trade dollar</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Far_East" title="Far East">Far East</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1_Trade_dollar_of_UK_1902B.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/1_Trade_dollar_of_UK_1902B.png/250px-1_Trade_dollar_of_UK_1902B.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/1_Trade_dollar_of_UK_1902B.png/500px-1_Trade_dollar_of_UK_1902B.png 1.5x" data-file-width="2730" data-file-height="1364" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Silver_coin" title="Silver coin">Silver coin</a>: 1 British Trade Dollar, issued from 1895 to 1935, was originally used for the British colonies and protectorates in the Far East, including British Hong Kong, the <a href="/wiki/Straits_Settlements" title="Straits Settlements">Straits Settlements</a>... but after the introduction of the <a href="/wiki/Straits_dollar" title="Straits dollar">Straits dollar</a> in 1903, the British trade dollar was only used by Hong Kong.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_Hong_Kong_dollar_in_the_sterling_area">The Hong Kong dollar in the sterling area</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hong_Kong_dollar&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: The Hong Kong dollar in the sterling area"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the end of the Second World War, the Hong Kong dollar was re-pegged to sterling at a fixed rate identical to the pre-war level.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meanwhile, the United Kingdom made efforts in maintaining the <a href="/wiki/Sterling_area" title="Sterling area">sterling area</a> with countries of the British Commonwealth as well as its colonies. It imposed exchange controls on non-sterling area countries, barring them from freely converting British pounds into US dollars, but no such restriction was placed on sterling area countries. As a colony of the British Empire, Hong Kong was obliged to observe the sterling area regulations. Nevertheless, its unique geo-economic position afforded Hong Kong the ability to defy exchange controls by operating a dual system with the sterling area and a free exchange market principally with the US dollar, which was technically illegal from 1949 to 1967.<sup id="cite_ref-Hong_Kong_University_Press_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hong_Kong_University_Press-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hong Kong economy specialist Leo Goodstadt argues that ministers and officials in London were bound to tolerate Hong Kong's situation, given Hong Kong's extensive trade with PRC, and the long collusion between officials in Hong Kong, bankers and local business communities.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China</a> (PRC) established by the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a> in 1949 was in dire need for foreign currency, especially after the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a> (1950–1953) and the <a href="/wiki/Sino-Soviet_split" title="Sino-Soviet split">Sino-Soviet split</a> in the early 1960s for international trade with countries of non-Soviet bloc. The British sterling obtained through Hong Kong was able to finance 28% and 46% of PRC's total import from 1963 to 1967 and from 1970 to 1971 respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-Hong_Kong_University_Press_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hong_Kong_University_Press-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of the British sterling obtained by PRC through Hong Kong during 1953 and 1971, about 40–50% was supplied by <a href="/wiki/The_Hongkong_and_Shanghai_Banking_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation">The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation</a> (HSBC), the de facto "central bank" in Hong Kong, which accounted for 10% of annual foreign currency needed by PRC in the period.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_impacts_of_the_devaluation_of_the_pound_in_1967">The impacts of the devaluation of the pound in 1967</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hong_Kong_dollar&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: The impacts of the devaluation of the pound in 1967"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 1960s, the UK found it difficult to keep the value of sterling as it was, with its role as official reserve currency even within the <a href="/wiki/Sterling_area" title="Sterling area">sterling area</a>. In 1964, sterling was 83% of the official reserves of overseas sterling area countries, but this share had decreased to 75% in 1966 and to 65% in 1967.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Sterling_Area_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Sterling_Area-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When sterling was devalued by the UK in 1967, and Hong Kong dollar's peg to the pound resulted in a re-valuation of Hong Kong dollar from $16 to $14.5, a 10% re-valuation against the pound and 5.7% <a href="/wiki/Devaluation" title="Devaluation">devaluation</a> against the US dollar.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Empire_Strikes_Back:_Hong_Kong_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Empire_Strikes_Back:_Hong_Kong-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The unilateral devaluation sparked a circle of grievances among local business communities as well as colonial officials in Hong Kong because the official reserves and private savings in sterling were substantial from Hong Kong. In the 1950–60s, Hong Kong accumulated significant reserves in sterling with its economic growth, money supply was exponentially expanded from £140–£160 million in the late 1950s to £363 million in October 1967, equivalent to 10% of the UK's total sterling liabilities to the overseas sterling area before the devaluation.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Empire_Strikes_Back:_Hong_Kong_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Empire_Strikes_Back:_Hong_Kong-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subsequently, Hong Kong and London engaged in talks about compensation and protection against further losses. Considering the potential diversification of official reserves from sterling to the US dollars by the Hong Kong government officials, London agreed to offer exchange guarantees to protect Hong Kong against potential devaluation of sterling in the future, which was the first to receive such guarantees among the sterling area countries.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Floating_currency_system,_1974–1983"><span id="Floating_currency_system.2C_1974.E2.80.931983"></span>Floating currency system, 1974–1983</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hong_Kong_dollar&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Floating currency system, 1974–1983"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the US's cessation of the convertibility between gold and the U.S. dollar in October 1971, Britain abandoned the fixed exchange rate with the U.S. dollar and extended the exchange controls also to the Sterling Area countries, which put an effective end to the Sterling Area in 1972.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Sterling_Area_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Sterling_Area-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the same year, the Hong Kong dollar was pegged to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">U.S. dollar</a> at a rate of HK$5.65 = US$1, revised to HK$5.085 = US$1 in 1973. From 1974 to 1983, the Hong Kong dollar was not anchored to another currency, changing the monetary regime from a currency board system to a floating currency system. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Linked_Exchange_Rate_System_since_1983">Linked Exchange Rate System since 1983</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hong_Kong_dollar&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Linked Exchange Rate System since 1983"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USD_to_Hong_Kong_Dollar_exchange_rate.webp" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/USD_to_Hong_Kong_Dollar_exchange_rate.webp/330px-USD_to_Hong_Kong_Dollar_exchange_rate.webp.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/USD_to_Hong_Kong_Dollar_exchange_rate.webp/500px-USD_to_Hong_Kong_Dollar_exchange_rate.webp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/USD_to_Hong_Kong_Dollar_exchange_rate.webp/960px-USD_to_Hong_Kong_Dollar_exchange_rate.webp.png 2x" data-file-width="1513" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px solid #D5D5D5;background-color:#DE2910; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">USD</a> / Hong Kong Dollar <a href="/wiki/Exchange_rate" title="Exchange rate">exchange rate</a></div> </figcaption></figure> <p>On 17 October 1983, the Hong Kong dollar was officially pegged to the U.S. dollar at a rate of HK$7.8 = US$1, officially switching back to the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Monetary_Authority#Currency_board_system" title="Hong Kong Monetary Authority">currency board system</a>. The peg of Hong Kong dollar to the U.S. dollar in 1983 actually took place in the context of Sino-British negotiation regarding the future of Hong Kong after 1997. Due to the lack of public confidence in the talks, on 24 September 1983, the Hong Kong dollar was devalued by 15% over 2 days to a historical low at HK$9.6 to US$1. Public panic set in and there were runs on foodstuff on this <a href="/wiki/Black_Saturday_(1983)" title="Black Saturday (1983)">Black Saturday (1983)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Amidst the monetary crisis, John Greenwood, an economist who was later dubbed the "architect of the <a href="/wiki/Linked_Exchange_Rate_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Linked Exchange Rate System">Linked Exchange Rate System</a>" in Hong Kong,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> advocated the proposal to peg the Hong Kong dollar to the U.S. dollar with a return to the former currency board system. The proposal received support from two government officials within the Monetary Affairs Branch of the Hong Kong Government, namely the Deputy Secretary for Monetary Affairs Tony Latter and the Government Economist Alan McLean as a practical way to restore confidence in the Hong Kong dollar.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After discussions between London and Hong Kong, the Financial Secretary of Hong Kong Government <a href="/wiki/John_Bremridge" class="mw-redirect" title="John Bremridge">John Bremridge</a> announced to peg the Hong Kong dollar with the U.S. dollar at a rate of HK$7.8 to US$1 in a currency board fashion on 17 October 1983. </p><p>When recalling the choice of rate, Tony Latter notes that a rate of HK$7.25 to HK$7.50 was considered a reasonable range in macroeconomic terms, given the rate against the U.S. dollar around HK$6.60 before the crisis and the rate around HK$8.30 to HK$8.80 when the government's intention to change monetary regime was revealed in early October. In political terms, the government did not want to set the rate too weak so as to warrant international allegations of currency manipulation for competitive advantages, or too strong a rate that would result in high interest rates and the eventual abandonment of the rate. HK$7.8 was finally selected, as the government hoped to demonstrate that the situation has been properly stabilized and it was felt that the rate below HK$8.0 can achieve this purpose psychologically.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/John_Bremridge" class="mw-redirect" title="John Bremridge">John Bremridge</a> was once quoted saying that the rate was somewhat "a number off the air", but the most important thing was the restoration of public confidence in Hong Kong dollar with the peg amidst the crisis.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The solution in its current form was favored by government officials for reasons beyond monetary considerations. Financially, the currency peg was designed not to require the <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_England" title="Bank of England">Bank of England</a> to lend its reserves to maintain Hong Kong's currency peg. Politically, the currency board system well demonstrated the autonomy London has given to Hong Kong in economic policymaking amidst British negotiation with China to grant Hong Kong's higher autonomy after 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As envisioned, the currency board monetary regime continues to function with the same pegged rate beyond the handover of sovereignty of Hong Kong to China in 1997. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-1997_period">Post-1997 period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hong_Kong_dollar&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Post-1997 period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Basic_Law_of_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Basic Law of Hong Kong">Basic Law of Hong Kong</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Sino-British_Joint_Declaration" title="Sino-British Joint Declaration">Sino-British Joint Declaration</a> provides that Hong Kong retains full autonomy with respect to currency issuance. Currency in Hong Kong is issued by the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong Government">government</a> and three local banks (<a href="/wiki/The_Hongkong_and_Shanghai_Banking_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation">HSBC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_China_(Hong_Kong)" title="Bank of China (Hong Kong)">Bank of China</a> and <a href="/wiki/Standard_Chartered_Hong_Kong" title="Standard Chartered Hong Kong">Standard Chartered</a>) under the supervision of the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Monetary_Authority" title="Hong Kong Monetary Authority">Hong Kong Monetary Authority</a>, which was a semi-independent public body established in the early 1990s to regulate banks and manage exchange funds and serves until now as the territory's de facto "<a href="/wiki/Central_bank" title="Central bank">central bank</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Banknotes are printed by <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Note_Printing_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong Note Printing Limited">Hong Kong Note Printing Limited</a>. A bank can issue a Hong Kong dollar only if it has the equivalent exchange in US dollars on deposit. The currency board system ensures that Hong Kong's entire monetary base is backed with US dollars at the linked exchange rate. The resources for the backing are kept in Hong Kong's <a href="/wiki/Exchange_fund" title="Exchange fund">exchange fund</a>, which is among the largest official reserves in the world. Hong Kong also has huge deposits of US dollars, with official foreign currency reserves of US$361 billion as of March 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a speech addressing the issue of who determines the monetary policy in Hong Kong on 13 May 2002, Tony Latter, in the position of the Deputy Chief Executive of the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Monetary_Authority" title="Hong Kong Monetary Authority">Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA)</a>, contended that the Financial Secretary together with the HKMA in the Hong Kong SAR Government were responsible for that. He acknowledged the heavy and direct influence of the Federal Reserve of the United States on Hong Kong's monetary policy under the currency peg, but argued that "It was Hong Kong's choice, and we do not require any permission from US to continue or discontinue it".<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 18 May 2005, in addition to the lower guaranteed limit, a new upper guaranteed limit was set for the Hong Kong dollar at HK$7.75 to the US dollar. The lower limit has been lowered from 7.80 to 7.85 (by 100 <a href="/wiki/Percentage_in_point" title="Percentage in point">pips</a> per week from 23 May to 20 June 2005).<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Hong Kong Monetary Authority indicated this move is to narrow the gap between the interest rates in Hong Kong and those of the United States. A further aim of allowing the Hong Kong dollar to trade in a range is to avoid the HK dollar being used as a proxy for speculative bets on a <a href="/wiki/Chinese_renminbi" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese renminbi">renminbi</a> revaluation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terminology">Terminology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hong_Kong_dollar&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Terminology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th>Chinese </th> <th><i><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Yale</a></i> (Cantonese) </th> <th><i><a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">Pinyin</a></i> (Mandarin) </th> <th>English </th></tr> <tr> <td>Formal currency name </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-HK"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%B8%AF%E5%85%83" class="extiw" title="wikt:港元">港元</a></span></span> / <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-HK">港幣</span></span> </td> <td><i>góng yùn / góng bàih</i> </td> <td><i>gǎngyuán / gǎngbì</i> </td> <td>Hong Kong dollar </td></tr> <tr> <td>Formal unit name :1<br />Formal unit name :<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027" /><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">10</span></span><br />Formal unit name :<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027" /><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">100</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-HK">元</span></span> or <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-HK">圓</span></span><br /><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-HK">毫</span></span><br /><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-HK">仙</span></span> </td> <td><i>yùn<br />hòu<br />sīn</i> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Chinese_yuan" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese yuan">yuán</a><br />háo<br />xiān</i> </td> <td>dollar<br />dime<br />cent </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other unit names :1<br />Other unit names :<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027" /><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">10</span></span><br />Other unit names :<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027" /><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">100</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-HK">蚊</span></span><br /><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-HK">角</span></span><br /><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-HK">分</span></span> </td> <td><i>mān<br />gok<br />fān</i> </td> <td><i>wèn<br />jiǎo<br />fēn</i> </td> <td>dollar<br />dime<br />cent </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In formal <a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Cantonese</a>, the <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-HK">圓</span></span> or <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-HK">元</span></span> (<a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Cantonese Yale</a>: <i><span lang="yue-Latn">yùn</span></i>) character is used. In informal Cantonese, <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-HK">蚊</span></span> (<a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Cantonese Yale</a>: <i><span lang="yue-Latn">mān</span></i>) is used. The use of the character <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-HK">蚊</span></span> (<i><span lang="yue-Latn">mān</span></i>) originate from the tone change of the currency denomination used in China in imperial times <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-HK"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_cash_(currency_unit)" title="Chinese cash (currency unit)">文</a></span></span> (<a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Cantonese Yale</a>: <i><span lang="yue-Latn">màn</span></i>), which was the chief denomination until the introduction of the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_yuan" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese yuan">yuan</a> in the late 19th century. </p><p>The dollar is divided into 100 cents, with the character <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-HK">仙</span></span> (<a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Cantonese Yale</a>: <i><span lang="yue-Latn">sīn</span></i>, a transliteration of “cent”) used on coins and in informal Cantonese. However, <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-HK">仙</span></span> is now only used in the stock market, as now it no longer has a note or coin form due to its small value, and is no longer used in regular cash transactions. The amount of 10 cents is called 1 <i>hou</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-HK">毫</span></span>) in Cantonese. </p><p>To express prices in informal Cantonese, for example HK$7.80, the phrase is <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-HK">七個八</span></span> (<a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Cantonese Yale</a>: <i><span lang="yue-Latn">chāt go baat</span></i>; <abbr title="Literal translation"><small>lit.</small></abbr> 'seven units eight'); in financial terms, where integer values in cents exist, e.g., HK$6.75, the phrase is <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-HK">六個七毫半</span></span> (<a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Cantonese Yale</a>: <i><span lang="yue-Latn">luhk go chāt hòu bun</span></i>; <abbr title="Literal translation"><small>lit.</small></abbr> 'six units and seven dime half'; fives in cents is normally expressed as “half”, unless followed by another five, such as 55 cents when preceded by a dollar value); $7.08 is <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-HK">七蚊零八仙</span></span> (<a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Cantonese Yale</a>: <i><span lang="yue-Latn">chāt mān lìng baat sīn</span></i>; <abbr title="Literal translation"><small>lit.</small></abbr> 'seven dollars zero eight cents'). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Slang_terms">Slang terms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hong_Kong_dollar&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Slang terms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Hong Kong, the following are slang terms used to refer to various amounts of money: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Chinese name </th> <th>Cantonese Yale Romanization </th> <th>Value </th> <th>Meaning </th></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-HK">辰砂</span></span></td> <td><i>sànsā</i></td> <td>cents</td> <td>Rarely used; <i>lit.</i> <a href="/wiki/Cinnabar" title="Cinnabar">cinnabar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mortar_and_pestle" title="Mortar and pestle">ground</a> (therefore small-size) which is used in <a href="/wiki/Chinese_medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese medicine">Chinese medicine</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-HK">斗零</span></span></td> <td><i>dáulíng</i></td> <td>5¢ coins</td> <td><i>lit.</i> dram; the weight of the coin, approximately 1.37 g; 5¢ is no longer in circulation </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-HK">大餅</span></span></td> <td><i>daaihbéng</i></td> <td>$1</td> <td><i>lit.</i> big cracker; refers to its circular shape </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-HK">草／兜／條</span></span></td> <td><i>chóu/dāu/tíu</i></td> <td>$10</td> <td><i>lit.</i> grass/bowl/stripe; slang terms </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-HK">青蟹</span></span></td> <td><i>chēngháaih</i></td> <td>$10</td> <td><i>lit.</i> green crab; refers to the colour of the old style banknotes </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-HK">花蟹／公仔紙</span></span></td> <td><i>fāháaih / gōngjáijí</i></td> <td>$10</td> <td><i>lit.</i> flowery crab, colourful paper; refers to the colour of the new style banknotes </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-HK">䊆糈／嚿水</span></span></td> <td><i>gauhséui</i></td> <td>$100</td> <td><i>lit.</i> a lump of water; “water" stands for money in Cantonese </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-HK">紅底／紅衫魚</span></span></td> <td><i>hùngdái / hùngsāamyú</i></td> <td>$100</td> <td><i>lit.</i> red underwear, <a href="/wiki/Red_snapper_(fish)" class="mw-redirect" title="Red snapper (fish)">red snapper</a>; refers to the red colour of the notes </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-HK">大牛</span></span></td> <td><i>daaihngàu</i></td> <td>$500</td> <td><i>lit.</i> big <a href="/wiki/Bull" title="Bull">bull</a>; refers to a picture of a bull on the note in pre-war </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-HK">金牛</span></span></td> <td><i>gāmngàu</i></td> <td>$1,000</td> <td><i>lit.</i> golden bull; refers to the gold colour of the notes </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-HK">棟</span></span></td> <td><i>dung</i></td> <td>$1,000</td> <td><i>lit.</i> building; uncommon slang term </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-HK">皮</span></span></td> <td><i>pèi</i></td> <td>$10,000</td> <td><i>lit.</i> skin; slang term </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-HK">雞嘢</span></span></td> <td><i>gāiyéh</i></td> <td>$10,000</td> <td><i>lit.</i> chicken stuff; uncommon slang term, can also mean $1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-HK">餅</span></span></td> <td><i>béng</i></td> <td>$10,000</td> <td><i>lit.</i> cracker; uncommon slang term </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-HK">球</span></span></td> <td><i>kàu</i></td> <td>$1,000,000</td> <td><i>lit.</i> ball; slang term, usually used in buying stocks </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-HK">碼</span></span></td> <td><i>máh</i></td> <td>$1,000,000,000</td> <td><i>lit.</i> yard </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Some of these terms are also used by <a href="/wiki/Overseas_Chinese" title="Overseas Chinese">overseas Chinese</a> to refer their local currency. A slang term in English sometimes used for the Hong Kong dollar is "Honkie".<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Coins">Coins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hong_Kong_dollar&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Coins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Coins_of_the_Hong_Kong_dollar" title="Coins of the Hong Kong dollar">Coins of the Hong Kong dollar</a></div> <p>In 1863, <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_one-mil_coin" title="Hong Kong one-mil coin">1-mil</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027" /><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">10</span></span>-cent), <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_one-cent_coin" title="Hong Kong one-cent coin">1-cent</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_ten-cent_coin" title="Hong Kong ten-cent coin">10-cent</a> coins were introduced, followed in 1866 by <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_five-cent_coin" title="Hong Kong five-cent coin">5-cent</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_twenty-cent_coin" title="Hong Kong twenty-cent coin">20-cents</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_fifty-cent_coin" title="Hong Kong fifty-cent coin">half-dollar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_one-dollar_coin" title="Hong Kong one-dollar coin">1-dollar</a>. The 1-mil and 1-cent were struck in bronze, with the 1 mil a holed coin. The remaining coins were struck in silver. Production of the 1-mil ended in 1866, whilst that of the half-dollar and 1-dollar ceased in 1868, with only the half-dollar (now with the denomination given as 50 cents) resuming production in 1890. Production of all silver coins was suspended in 1905, only briefly resumed in 1932 and 1933 for the production of 5-cent coins. </p><p>In 1934, the last <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_one-cent_coin" title="Hong Kong one-cent coin">1-cent coins</a> were issued, but the last minting was 1941. These were not issued because the Japanese sank a ship carrying 1-cent coins bound for Hong Kong in the <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">Second World War</a>. The following year (1935), cupro-nickel 5 and 10 cents were introduced, replaced by nickel in 1937 and nickel-brass between 1948 and 1949. Copper-nickel 50 cents were issued in 1951 and first bore the name "fifty cents" in both Chinese and English, but these were changed to nickel-brass in 1977. </p><p>In 1960, cupro-nickel 1-dollar coins were introduced, these were then reduced in size in 1978. They were followed in 1975 by nickel-brass 20 cents and cupro-nickel <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_two-dollar_coin" title="Hong Kong two-dollar coin">2-dollar coin</a> (both scallop shaped) and, in 1976, by <a href="/wiki/Decagon" title="Decagon">decagonal</a>, cupro-nickel <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_five-dollar_coin" title="Hong Kong five-dollar coin">5-dollar coin</a>, changed to a round thicker shape in 1980. The 5-cent coin was last issued in 1979, but last struck in 1988. In 1994, a bimetallic <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_ten-dollar_coin" title="Hong Kong ten-dollar coin">10-dollar coin</a> was introduced. </p><p>Starting on <a href="/wiki/New_Year%27s_Day" title="New Year's Day">New Year's Day</a> (1 January) 1993 at stroke of midnight <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Time" title="Hong Kong Time">HKT</a>, prior to the establishment of the HKSAR, coins with <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom">Queen Elizabeth II</a>'s portrait were gradually withdrawn from circulation. Most of the notes and coins in circulations feature Hong Kong's <i><a href="/wiki/Bauhinia_blakeana" class="mw-redirect" title="Bauhinia blakeana">Bauhinia</a></i> flower or other symbols. Coins with the Queen's portrait are still legal tender and can be seen, but these are slowly being phased out. However, most still remain in legal tender and are in circulation. Because the redesign was highly sensitive with regard to political and economic reasons, the designing process of the new coins could not be entrusted to an artist but was undertaken by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Yam" title="Joseph Yam">Joseph Yam</a>, Chief Executive of the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Monetary_Authority" title="Hong Kong Monetary Authority">Hong Kong Monetary Authority</a>, himself who found in the Bauhinia the requested "politically neutral design" and did a secret "scissors and paste job".<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In early 1997, to commemorate <a href="/wiki/Transfer_of_sovereignty_over_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong">Hong Kong's transfer of sovereignty from Britain to the PRC</a>, the government issued a new commemorative coin set which depicted Chinese cultural themes and Hong Kong's landmarks and 19 and 97, marking the year 1997, on each side of the designs. </p><p>As of today, coins in denominations of <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_ten-dollar_coin" title="Hong Kong ten-dollar coin">HK$10</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_five-dollar_coin" title="Hong Kong five-dollar coin">HK$5</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_two-dollar_coin" title="Hong Kong two-dollar coin">HK$2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_one-dollar_coin" title="Hong Kong one-dollar coin">HK$1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_fifty-cent_coin" title="Hong Kong fifty-cent coin">50 cents</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_twenty-cent_coin" title="Hong Kong twenty-cent coin">20 cents</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_ten-cent_coin" title="Hong Kong ten-cent coin">10 cents</a> are issued by the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Monetary_Authority" title="Hong Kong Monetary Authority">Hong Kong Monetary Authority</a> on behalf of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Hong_Kong" title="Government of Hong Kong">Government of Hong Kong</a>. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%"> <caption>Bauhinia Series (since 1993) </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Value</th> <th>Obverse</th> <th>Reverse</th> <th>Diameter</th> <th>Mass</th> <th>Edge</th> <th>Composition</th> <th>first year</th> <th>issue date </th></tr> <tr style="background-color:#ffe550;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_ten-cent_coin" title="Hong Kong ten-cent coin">10-cent</a> </td> <td rowspan="3">Bauhinia, "HONG KONG" </td> <td rowspan="3">Value, year of minting </td> <td>17.5 mm </td> <td>1.85 g </td> <td>plain </td> <td rowspan="3">brass-plated steel </td> <td rowspan="3">1993 </td> <td rowspan="3">1 January 1993 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#ffe550;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_twenty-cent_coin" title="Hong Kong twenty-cent coin">20-cent</a> </td> <td>18.0-19.0 mm </td> <td>2.59 g </td> <td>scalloped </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#ffe550;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_fifty-cent_coin" title="Hong Kong fifty-cent coin">50-cent</a> </td> <td>22.5 mm </td> <td>4.92 g </td> <td>milled </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#dcdcdc;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_one-dollar_coin" title="Hong Kong one-dollar coin">HK$1</a> </td> <td rowspan="3">Bauhinia, "HONG KONG" </td> <td rowspan="3">Value, year of minting </td> <td>25.5 mm </td> <td>7.1 g </td> <td>milled </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Cupronickel" title="Cupronickel">cupronickel</a> </td> <td rowspan="3">1993 </td> <td>1 January 1993 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#dcdcdc;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_two-dollar_coin" title="Hong Kong two-dollar coin">HK$2</a> </td> <td>26.3-28.0 mm </td> <td>8.41 g </td> <td>scalloped </td> <td rowspan="2">1 January 1993 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#dcdcdc;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_five-dollar_coin" title="Hong Kong five-dollar coin">HK$5</a> </td> <td>27.0 mm </td> <td>13.5 g </td> <td>milled with lettered middle groove </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#ffe550;"> <td style="background-color:#dcdcdc;"><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_ten-dollar_coin" title="Hong Kong ten-dollar coin">HK$10</a> </td> <td>Bauhinia, "HONG KONG" </td> <td>Value, year of minting </td> <td>24.0 mm </td> <td>11.0 g </td> <td>alternate plain & milled </td> <td>cupronickel ring, brass center </td> <td>1993 </td> <td style="background-color:#dcdcdc;">1 January 1993 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Banknotes">Banknotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hong_Kong_dollar&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Banknotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Banknotes_of_the_Hong_Kong_dollar" title="Banknotes of the Hong Kong dollar">Banknotes of the Hong Kong dollar</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1279587269">.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie{display:none;position:relative;width:100px;height:100px;border-radius:50%;background-color:yellowgreen;color:black;border:1px solid black}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie div{position:absolute;transform-origin:left bottom;background-color:#655;color:black;top:0;left:50%;width:50%;height:50%;border-radius:0 500%0 0}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie50{transform-origin:left center;height:100%;border-radius:0 100%100%0/50%}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie12-5{clip-path:polygon(0%0%,100%0%,0 100%)}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie5{clip-path:polygon(0%0%,32.49197%0%,0 100%)}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie7{clip-path:polygon(0%0%,47.056428%0%,0 100%)}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie1{clip-path:polygon(0%0%,6.2914667%0%,0 100%)}@supports(clip-path:circle(50%)){.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie{display:block}}.mw-parser-output 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.smooth-pie-container{align-items:center}body.mw-mf .mw-parser-output .thumbinner .smooth-pie-legend-container{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.5;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .thumbinner .smooth-pie-legend{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(190px,1fr));gap:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .thumbinner .smooth-pie-footer{margin-top:.5em}}</style> <div class="pie-thumb thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="smooth-pie-container" style=""> <div class="smooth-pie-legend-container"><div class="smooth-pie-caption">Banknotes circulated by the three different note issuers, 2023<sup id="cite_ref-stat2020hkd_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stat2020hkd-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> <ol class="smooth-pie-legend"> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:red;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label"><a href="/wiki/The_Hongkong_and_Shanghai_Banking_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation">The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation</a> (55.4%)</span></li> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:pink;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label"><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_China_(Hong_Kong)" title="Bank of China (Hong Kong)">Bank of China (Hong Kong)</a> (35.9%)</span></li> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:green;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chartered_Hong_Kong" title="Standard Chartered Hong Kong">Standard Chartered Hong Kong</a> (8.7%)</span></li> </ol> </div> <div class="smooth-pie" style="width:200px;height:200px;background:green;color:#000;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;" title="Standard Chartered Hong Kong (8.7%)" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="pie50" style="background:red;color:#000" title="The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (55.4%)"></div> <div class="pie50" style="background:red;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.054turn)" title="The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (55.4%)"></div> <div class="pie25" style="background:pink;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.554turn)" title="Bank of China (Hong Kong) (35.9%)"></div> <div class="pie25" style="background:pink;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.663turn)" title="Bank of China (Hong Kong) (35.9%)"></div> </div> </div></div></div> <p>The issue of Hong Kong dollar notes is governed today by the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Monetary_Authority" title="Hong Kong Monetary Authority">Hong Kong Monetary Authority</a> (HKMA), the governmental currency board of Hong Kong. Under licence from the HKMA, three <a href="/wiki/Commercial_bank" title="Commercial bank">commercial banks</a> issue their own banknotes for general circulation in the region. They are <a href="/wiki/The_Hongkong_and_Shanghai_Banking_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation">Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_China_(Hong_Kong)" title="Bank of China (Hong Kong)">Bank of China (Hong Kong) Limited</a>; and the <a href="/wiki/Standard_Chartered_Hong_Kong" title="Standard Chartered Hong Kong">Standard Chartered Bank (Hong Kong) Limited</a>. Notes are also issued by the HKMA itself. In most countries of the world the issue of banknotes is handled exclusively by a single <a href="/wiki/Central_bank" title="Central bank">central bank</a> or government. The arrangements in Hong Kong are unusual but not unique; a comparable system is used in the <a href="/wiki/Banknotes_of_the_pound_sterling" title="Banknotes of the pound sterling">United Kingdom</a>, where seven banks issue banknotes. </p><p>As of today, the three commercial banks, <a href="/wiki/The_Hongkong_and_Shanghai_Banking_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation">HSBC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_China_(Hong_Kong)" title="Bank of China (Hong Kong)">Bank of China</a> and <a href="/wiki/Standard_Chartered_Hong_Kong" title="Standard Chartered Hong Kong">Standard Chartered</a> issue their own designs of banknotes in denominations of <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_twenty-dollar_note" title="Hong Kong twenty-dollar note">HK$20</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_fifty-dollar_note" title="Hong Kong fifty-dollar note">HK$50</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_one_hundred-dollar_note" title="Hong Kong one hundred-dollar note">HK$100</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_five_hundred-dollar_note" title="Hong Kong five hundred-dollar note">HK$500</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_one_thousand-dollar_note" title="Hong Kong one thousand-dollar note">HK$1,000</a>, with all designs being similar to the other in the same denomination of banknote. While only the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_ten-dollar_note" title="Hong Kong ten-dollar note">HK$10 banknote</a> is issued solely by <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Monetary_Authority" title="Hong Kong Monetary Authority">Hong Kong Monetary Authority</a> on behalf of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Hong_Kong" title="Government of Hong Kong">Government of Hong Kong</a>, which in total makes up the banknote circulation arrangement to four different note issuers. </p><p>In 1845, the first private bank, the <a href="/wiki/Oriental_Bank_Corporation" title="Oriental Bank Corporation">Oriental Bank</a>, was founded. However, banknotes were not produced until the 1860s, when the Oriental Bank, the <a href="/wiki/Chartered_Bank_of_India,_Australia_and_China" title="Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China">Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_and_Shanghai_Banking_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation">Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation</a> began issuing notes. Denominations issued in the 1860s and 1870s included 1, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100 and 500 dollars. These notes were not accepted by the Treasury for payment of government dues and <a href="/wiki/Tax" title="Tax">taxes</a>, although they were accepted for use by merchants. <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_twenty_five-dollar_note" title="Hong Kong twenty five-dollar note">25 dollar notes</a> did not survive beyond the end of the 19th century, whilst the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_one-dollar_note" title="Hong Kong one-dollar note">1-dollar notes</a> (only produced by the <a href="/wiki/HSBC" title="HSBC">HSBC</a>) were issued until 1935. </p><p>Under the Currency Ordinance of 1935, banknotes in denominations of <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_five-dollar_note" title="Hong Kong five-dollar note">5 dollars</a> and above issued by the three authorised local banks, the <a href="/wiki/Mercantile_Bank_of_India,_London_and_China" title="Mercantile Bank of India, London and China">Mercantile Bank of India, London and China</a>, the Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China and the Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, were all declared legal tender. The government took over production of 1 dollar notes. In 1941, the government introduced notes for <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_one-cent_note" title="Hong Kong one-cent note">1 cent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_five-cent_note" title="Hong Kong five-cent note">5 cents</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_ten-cent_note" title="Hong Kong ten-cent note">10 cents</a> due to the difficulty of transporting coins to Hong Kong caused by the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a> (a ship carrying 1941 1-cent coins was sunk, making this unissued coin very rare). Just before the <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japanese</a> occupation, an emergency issue of 1 dollar notes was made consisting of overprinted Bank of China 5 <a href="/wiki/Chinese_yuan" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese yuan">yuan</a> notes. </p><p>In 1945, paper money production resumed essentially unaltered from before the war, with the government issuing <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_one-cent_note" title="Hong Kong one-cent note">1 cent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_five-cent_note" title="Hong Kong five-cent note">5 cents</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_ten-cent_note" title="Hong Kong ten-cent note">10 cents</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_one-dollar_note" title="Hong Kong one-dollar note">1-dollar notes</a>, and the three banks issuing 5, 10, 50, 100 and 500-dollar notes. 1-dollar notes were replaced by coins in 1960, with only the 1-cent note issued by the government after 1965. </p><p>In 1975, the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_five-dollar_note" title="Hong Kong five-dollar note">HK$5</a> notes were replaced by coins, whilst HK$1,000 notes were introduced in 1977. The Mercantile Bank was absorbed by the HSBC in 1978 and ceased issuing notes. In 1985, HK$20 notes were introduced, whilst, in 1993, HK$10 coins were introduced and the banks stopped issuing HK$10 notes. In 1994 the HKMA gave authority to the <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_China" title="Bank of China">Bank of China</a> to issue notes. </p><p>On <a href="/wiki/New_Year%27s_Day" title="New Year's Day">New Year's Day</a> (1 January) 1993 at stroke of midnight <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Time" title="Hong Kong Time">HKT</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Hongkong_and_Shanghai_Banking_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation">HSBC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_China_(Hong_Kong)" title="Bank of China (Hong Kong)">Bank of China</a> and <a href="/wiki/Standard_Chartered_Hong_Kong" title="Standard Chartered Hong Kong">Standard Chartered</a> officially introduced all new banknote designs. </p><p><a href="/wiki/The_Hongkong_and_Shanghai_Banking_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation">HSBC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_China_(Hong_Kong)" title="Bank of China (Hong Kong)">Bank of China</a> and <a href="/wiki/Standard_Chartered_Hong_Kong" title="Standard Chartered Hong Kong">Standard Chartered</a> officially introduced a new series of banknotes on <a href="/wiki/New_Year%27s_Day" title="New Year's Day">New Year's Day</a> (1 January) 1993 at stroke of midnight <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Time" title="Hong Kong Time">HKT</a> in denominations of <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_ten-dollar_note" title="Hong Kong ten-dollar note">$10</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_twenty-dollar_note" title="Hong Kong twenty-dollar note">$20</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_twenty_five-dollar_note" title="Hong Kong twenty five-dollar note">$25</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_fifty-dollar_note" title="Hong Kong fifty-dollar note">$50</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_one_hundred-dollar_note" title="Hong Kong one hundred-dollar note">$100</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_five_hundred-dollar_note" title="Hong Kong five hundred-dollar note">$500</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_one_thousand-dollar_note" title="Hong Kong one thousand-dollar note">$1000</a>. </p><p>After a less-than-successful trial from 1994 to 2002 to move the HK$10 denomination from the banknote format (issued by the banks) to the coin format (Government-issued), HK$10 notes are currently the only denomination issued by the HKMA, having acquired the note printing plant at <a href="/wiki/Tai_Po" title="Tai Po">Tai Po</a> from the <a href="/wiki/De_La_Rue" title="De La Rue">De La Rue Group</a> of the UK on behalf of the Government. These notes were printed in paper in 2002 and in <a href="/wiki/Polymer_banknote" title="Polymer banknote">polymer</a> since 2007. All older HK$10 banknotes, although rare and being phased out, remain legal tender. </p><p>The latest series of banknotes was issued starting in 2018. <a href="/wiki/Banknotes_of_the_Hong_Kong_dollar#Commemorative_banknotes_of_the_Hong_Kong_dollar" title="Banknotes of the Hong Kong dollar">Commemorative banknotes</a> have also been issued celebrating the note-issuing banks' anniversaries as well as the Olympic Games held in Beijing in 2008 and 2022. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%"> <caption>Banknotes - HK$10 and 2018 series </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Value</th> <th><a href="/wiki/The_Hongkong_and_Shanghai_Banking_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation">HSBC issue</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chartered_Bank_(Hong_Kong)" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard Chartered Bank (Hong Kong)">SCB issue</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_China_(Hong_Kong)" title="Bank of China (Hong Kong)">BOC issue</a></th> <th>Theme </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_ten-dollar_note" title="Hong Kong ten-dollar note">HK$10</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Monetary_Authority" title="Hong Kong Monetary Authority">Hong Kong Monetary Authority</a> issue; abstract design <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.hkma.gov.hk/eng/key-functions/money/hong-kong-currency/notes/design-security-features-of-ten-dollar-polymer-notes/">[1]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_twenty-dollar_note" title="Hong Kong twenty-dollar note">HK$20</a></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/ASI/HKG/HKGW2018-0020-HSB.htm">[2]</a></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/ASI/HKG/HKGW2018-0020-SCB.htm">[3]</a></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/ASI/HKG/HKGW2018-0020-BOC.htm">[4]</a></td> <td>Tea Culture </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_fifty-dollar_note" title="Hong Kong fifty-dollar note">HK$50</a></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/ASI/HKG/HKGW2018-0050-HSB.htm">[5]</a></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/ASI/HKG/HKGW2018-0050-SCB.htm">[6]</a></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/ASI/HKG/HKGW2018-0050-BOC.htm">[7]</a></td> <td>Butterfly and Flowers </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_one_hundred-dollar_note" title="Hong Kong one hundred-dollar note">HK$100</a></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/ASI/HKG/HKGW2018-0100-HSB.htm">[8]</a></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/ASI/HKG/HKGW2018-0100-SCB.htm">[9]</a></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/ASI/HKG/HKGW2018-0100-BOC.htm">[10]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_opera" title="Cantonese opera">Cantonese Opera</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_five_hundred-dollar_note" title="Hong Kong five hundred-dollar note">HK$500</a></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/ASI/HKG/HKGW2018-0500-HSB.htm">[11]</a></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/ASI/HKG/HKGW2018-0500-SCB.htm">[12]</a></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/ASI/HKG/HKGW2018-0500-BOC.htm">[13]</a></td> <td>Hexagonal Rock Columns (Hong Kong UNESCO Global Geopark) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_one_thousand-dollar_note" title="Hong Kong one thousand-dollar note">HK$1,000</a></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/ASI/HKG/HKGW2018-1000-HSB.htm">[14]</a></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/ASI/HKG/HKGW2018-1000-SCB.htm">[15]</a></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/ASI/HKG/HKGW2018-1000-BOC.htm">[16]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Skyline_of_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Skyline of Hong Kong">Skyline of Hong Kong</a> (for <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_China_(Hong_Kong)" title="Bank of China (Hong Kong)">BOC</a>: Head in profile, digitalized brain, globe) </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economics">Economics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hong_Kong_dollar&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Economics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Linked_exchange_rate_system">Linked exchange rate system</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hong_Kong_dollar&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Linked exchange rate system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Linked_exchange_rate_system_in_Hong_Kong" title="Linked exchange rate system in Hong Kong">Linked exchange rate system in Hong Kong</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HKD-USD_v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/HKD-USD_v2.svg/500px-HKD-USD_v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/HKD-USD_v2.svg/525px-HKD-USD_v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/HKD-USD_v2.svg/700px-HKD-USD_v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>HKD/USD exchange rate since 1990</figcaption></figure> <p>Since 1983, the linked exchange rate system is a unique type of <a href="/wiki/Exchange_rate_regime" title="Exchange rate regime">exchange rate regime</a> used for the Hong Kong dollar to be pegged with the <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">United States dollar</a> at a fixed rate of HK$7.80 = US$1. In this unique linked exchange rate system, the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Monetary_Authority" title="Hong Kong Monetary Authority">Hong Kong Monetary Authority</a> (HKMA) authorises the three note-issuing commercial banks to freely issue new banknotes provided that they deposit an equivalent value of United States dollars with the HKMA. </p><p>In practice, in the unique linked exchange rate system, the exchange rate of HK$7.80 = US$1, is strictly controlled by the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Monetary_Authority" title="Hong Kong Monetary Authority">Hong Kong Monetary Authority</a> in the foreign exchange market by controlling supply and demand of Hong Kong dollars in order to influence the exchange rate being fixed. By this arrangement the HKMA guarantees to exchange United States dollar into Hong Kong dollars and vice versa, at the rate of 7.80. When the market rate is below 7.80, the banks will convert United States dollar for Hong Kong dollars from the HKMA, Hong Kong dollars supply will increase, and the market rate will climb back to 7.80. The same mechanism also works when the market rate is above 7.80, and the banks will convert Hong Kong dollars for United States dollars. </p><p>By this arrangement, the Hong Kong dollar is backed by one of the world's largest <a href="/wiki/Foreign_exchange_reserves" title="Foreign exchange reserves">foreign exchange reserves</a>, which is over 7 times the amount of money supplied in circulation or about 48% of Hong Kong dollar M3 at the end of April 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Renminbi_peg_debate">Renminbi peg debate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hong_Kong_dollar&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Renminbi peg debate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following the <a href="/wiki/Internationalization_of_the_renminbi" title="Internationalization of the renminbi">Internationalization of the renminbi</a> in the late 2000s and the inclusion of the <a href="/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi">Renminbi</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Special_drawing_rights" title="Special drawing rights">special drawing rights</a>, there has been some debates to peg the Hong Kong dollar with the Renminbi, instead of the United States dollar. Studies shows that, if the Hong Kong dollar were to be re-pegged to the Renminbi, it would need over 2 trillion Renminbi worth of assets to replace the HKMA's US$340 billion in foreign reserves as of 2015, which exceeds the amount of existing Renminbi assets in Hong Kong's offshore market. Moreover, according to figures from the HKMA as of the end of 2014, Renminbi deposits and certificates of deposits stood at 1.158 trillion Renminbi, while outstanding Renminbi bonds amounted to 381 billion and Renminbi-denominated loans stood at 188 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other studies shows, while the Hong Kong's financial and economic links are increasingly dominated by <a href="/wiki/Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">mainland China</a>, and previous concerns about the monetary openness of China's capital account are slowly receding, if China continues to open its capital account, the peg could shift from United States dollar to renminbi.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, in January 2016, the volatility in the Renminbi and China's financial markets expanded to Hong Kong's markets and its currency. Renminbi offshore overnight borrowing rate, CNH HIBOR, soared to 66.8% on 12 January after the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Bank_of_China" title="People's Bank of China">People's Bank of China</a>, China's central bank (PBOC), intervened in the effort of squeezing out Renminbi short speculations by tightening liquidity at Hong Kong commercial banks. The PBOC's move at the offshore market, coupled with another plunge in Chinese stocks, has led to investors’ fears that the Hong Kong Dollar may be de-pegged from the US Dollar in the foreseeable future. In response to the market speculation, Hong Kong Monetary Authority said on 27 January that the regulator will protect Hong Kong dollar's linked exchange rate regime. As Hong Kong's financial markets are highly impacted by mainland China, the Renminbi exchange rate as well as China's equity market remain in a state of high volatility and continues to weigh on Hong Kong markets and the Hong Kong dollar. However, the greater influence remains the US Federal Reserve, as whenever it raises interest rates and sends the US Dollar higher, the linked Hong Kong Dollar would become more expensive than un-pegged currencies including the Chinese Yuan.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Exchange_rates">Exchange rates</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hong_Kong_dollar&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Exchange rates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Current_exchange_rates">Current exchange rates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hong_Kong_dollar&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Current exchange rates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="toccolours" style="margin: 0.5em auto; text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr><th style="background: #A7C3FF;" colspan="2"> Current HKD exchange rates</th> </tr><tr> <td>From <a href="/wiki/Google_Finance" title="Google Finance">Google Finance</a>: </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/finance/quote/AUD-HKD">AUD</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/finance/quote/CAD-HKD">CAD</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/finance/quote/CHF-HKD">CHF</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/finance/quote/CNY-HKD">CNY</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/finance/quote/EUR-HKD">EUR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/finance/quote/GBP-HKD">GBP</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/finance/quote/JPY-HKD">JPY</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/finance/quote/USD-HKD">USD</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/finance/quote/TWD-HKD">TWD</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/finance/quote/KRW-HKD">KRW</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/finance/quote/INR-HKD">INR</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>From <a href="/wiki/Yahoo!_Finance" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo! Finance">Yahoo! Finance</a>: </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/AUDHKD=X">AUD</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/CADHKD=X">CAD</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/CHFHKD=X">CHF</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/CNYHKD=X">CNY</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/EURHKD=X">EUR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/GBPHKD=X">GBP</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/JPYHKD=X">JPY</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/USDHKD=X">USD</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/TWDHKD=X">TWD</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/KRWHKD=X">KRW</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/INRHKD=X">INR</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>From <a href="/wiki/XE.com" title="XE.com">XE.com</a>: </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=1&From=AUD&To=HKD">AUD</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=1&From=CAD&To=HKD">CAD</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=1&From=CHF&To=HKD">CHF</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=1&From=CNY&To=HKD">CNY</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=1&From=EUR&To=HKD">EUR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=1&From=GBP&To=HKD">GBP</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=1&From=JPY&To=HKD">JPY</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=1&From=USD&To=HKD">USD</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=1&From=TWD&To=HKD">TWD</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=1&From=KRW&To=HKD">KRW</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=1&From=INR&To=HKD">INR</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>From OANDA: </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oanda.com/currency-converter/en/?amount=1&from=AUD&to=HKD">AUD</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oanda.com/currency-converter/en/?amount=1&from=CAD&to=HKD">CAD</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oanda.com/currency-converter/en/?amount=1&from=CHF&to=HKD">CHF</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oanda.com/currency-converter/en/?amount=1&from=CNY&to=HKD">CNY</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oanda.com/currency-converter/en/?amount=1&from=EUR&to=HKD">EUR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oanda.com/currency-converter/en/?amount=1&from=GBP&to=HKD">GBP</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oanda.com/currency-converter/en/?amount=1&from=JPY&to=HKD">JPY</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oanda.com/currency-converter/en/?amount=1&from=USD&to=HKD">USD</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oanda.com/currency-converter/en/?amount=1&from=TWD&to=HKD">TWD</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oanda.com/currency-converter/en/?amount=1&from=KRW&to=HKD">KRW</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oanda.com/currency-converter/en/?amount=1&from=INR&to=HKD">INR</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historical_exchange_rates">Historical exchange rates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hong_Kong_dollar&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Historical exchange rates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>History of Hong Kong's Exchange Rate System<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Period </th> <th>Exchange rate regime </th> <th>Features </th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <td>1863–1935 </td> <td><b>Silver Standard</b> </td> <td>Silver dollars as legal tender </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <td>December 1935 – June 1972 </td> <td><b>Sterling exchange</b> </td> <td>Standard exchange rate: <ul><li>£1:HK$16 (December 1935 – November 1967)</li> <li>£1:HK$14.55 (November 1967 – June 1972)</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <td>July 1972 – November 1974 </td> <td><b>Fixed exchange rate against the US dollar</b> </td> <td>Exchange rate: <ul><li>US$1:HK$5.650 (June 1972 – February 1973)</li> <li>US$1:HK$5.085 (February 1973 – November 1974)</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <td>November 1974 – October 1983 </td> <td><b>Free floating</b> </td> <td>Exchange rates on selected days: <ul><li>US$1:HK$4.965 (25 November 1974)</li> <li>US$1:HK$9.600 (<a href="/wiki/Black_Saturday_(1983)" title="Black Saturday (1983)">24 September 1983</a>)</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <td>1983 – present </td> <td><b>Linked exchange rate system</b> </td> <td> <ul><li>US$1:HK$7.80 (1983–1998)</li></ul> <p><small>(for issue and redemption of Certificates of Indebtedness)</small> </p> <ul><li>US$1:HK$7.75 (1998–2005)</li></ul> <p><small>(The HKMA undertook to convert the HK dollars in licensed banks’ clearing accounts maintained with <br />the HKMA into US dollars at the fixed exchange rate of HK$7.75 to US$1. The rate moved to 7.80 by<br /> 0.0001 (1 pip) each calendar day starting from 1 April 1999 ending 12 August 2000.)</small> </p> <ul><li>US$1:HK$7.75–7.85 (May 2005 onwards)</li></ul> <p><small>HKMA set up upper and lower guaranteed limit since 18 May 2005</small> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1233514072">.mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers{counter-reset:rowNumber}.mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers tr::before{content:"";display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em;padding-left:0.5em;text-align:right;vertical-align:inherit}.mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.static-row-numbers-left tr::before{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.static-row-numbers-center tr::before{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.wikitable tr::before{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.wikitable 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td:nth-child(22),.mw-parser-output .col23center td:nth-child(23),.mw-parser-output .col24center td:nth-child(24),.mw-parser-output .col25center td:nth-child(25),.mw-parser-output .col26center td:nth-child(26),.mw-parser-output .col27center td:nth-child(27),.mw-parser-output .col28center td:nth-child(28),.mw-parser-output .col29center td:nth-child(29){text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .col1right td:nth-child(1),.mw-parser-output .col2right td:nth-child(2),.mw-parser-output .col3right td:nth-child(3),.mw-parser-output .col4right td:nth-child(4),.mw-parser-output .col5right td:nth-child(5),.mw-parser-output .col6right td:nth-child(6),.mw-parser-output .col7right td:nth-child(7),.mw-parser-output .col8right td:nth-child(8),.mw-parser-output .col9right td:nth-child(9),.mw-parser-output .col10right td:nth-child(10),.mw-parser-output .col11right td:nth-child(11),.mw-parser-output .col12right td:nth-child(12),.mw-parser-output .col13right td:nth-child(13),.mw-parser-output .col14right td:nth-child(14),.mw-parser-output .col15right td:nth-child(15),.mw-parser-output .col16right td:nth-child(16),.mw-parser-output .col17right td:nth-child(17),.mw-parser-output .col18right td:nth-child(18),.mw-parser-output .col19right td:nth-child(19),.mw-parser-output .col20right td:nth-child(20),.mw-parser-output .col21right td:nth-child(21),.mw-parser-output .col22right td:nth-child(22),.mw-parser-output .col23right td:nth-child(23),.mw-parser-output .col24right td:nth-child(24),.mw-parser-output .col25right td:nth-child(25),.mw-parser-output .col26right td:nth-child(26),.mw-parser-output .col27right td:nth-child(27),.mw-parser-output .col28right td:nth-child(28),.mw-parser-output .col29right td:nth-child(29){text-align:right}</style> <table class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers defaultright col1left col2center col3center"> <caption>Most traded currencies by value<br /><span style="font-size: 85%;">Currency distribution of global foreign exchange market turnover</span><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini" style="float:right"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Most_traded_currencies" title="Template:Most traded currencies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Most_traded_currencies" title="Template talk:Most traded currencies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Most_traded_currencies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Most traded currencies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Currency </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">ISO 4217</a><br />code </th> <th rowspan="2" class="unsortable"><a href="/wiki/Currency_symbol" title="Currency symbol">Symbol</a> or<br />Abbrev.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">Proportion of daily volume </th> <th rowspan="2">Change<br />(2019–2022) </th></tr> <tr class="static-row-header"> <th>April 2019 </th> <th>April 2022 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">U.S. dollar</a></td> <td>USD</td> <td>$, US$</td> <td>88.3%</td> <td>88.5%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.2pp </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a></td> <td>EUR</td> <td>€</td> <td>32.3%</td> <td>30.5%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/20px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/40px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1.8pp </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Japanese_yen" title="Japanese yen">Japanese yen</a></td> <td>JPY</td> <td>¥, <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">円</span></span></td> <td>16.8%</td> <td>16.7%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/20px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/40px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.1pp </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">Sterling</a></td> <td>GBP</td> <td>£</td> <td>12.8%</td> <td>12.9%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.1pp </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi">Renminbi</a></td> <td>CNY</td> <td>¥, <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-CN">元</span></span></td> <td>4.3%</td> <td>7.0%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2.7pp </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Australian_dollar" title="Australian dollar">Australian dollar</a></td> <td>AUD</td> <td>$, A$</td> <td>6.8%</td> <td>6.4%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/20px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/40px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.4pp </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Canadian_dollar" title="Canadian dollar">Canadian dollar</a></td> <td>CAD</td> <td>$, Can$</td> <td>5.0%</td> <td>6.2%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1.2pp </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Swiss_franc" title="Swiss franc">Swiss franc</a></td> <td>CHF</td> <td>Fr., fr.</td> <td>4.9%</td> <td>5.2%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.3pp </td></tr> <tr> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hong Kong dollar</a></td> <td>HKD</td> <td>$, HK$, <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-HK">元</span></span></td> <td>3.5%</td> <td>2.6%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/20px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/40px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.9pp </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Singapore_dollar" title="Singapore dollar">Singapore dollar</a></td> <td>SGD</td> <td>$, S$</td> <td>1.8%</td> <td>2.4%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.6pp </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Swedish_krona" title="Swedish krona">Swedish krona</a></td> <td>SEK</td> <td>kr, Skr</td> <td>2.0%</td> <td>2.2%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.2pp </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Korean_won" title="South Korean won">South Korean won</a></td> <td>KRW</td> <td>₩, <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">원</span></span></td> <td>2.0%</td> <td>1.9%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/20px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/40px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.1pp </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_krone" title="Norwegian krone">Norwegian krone</a></td> <td>NOK</td> <td>kr, Nkr</td> <td>1.8%</td> <td>1.7%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/20px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/40px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.1pp </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_dollar" title="New Zealand dollar">New Zealand dollar</a></td> <td>NZD</td> <td>$, $NZ</td> <td>2.1%</td> <td>1.7%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/20px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/40px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.4pp </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Indian_rupee" title="Indian rupee">Indian rupee</a></td> <td>INR</td> <td>₹</td> <td>1.7%</td> <td>1.6%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/20px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/40px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.1pp </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mexican_peso" title="Mexican peso">Mexican peso</a></td> <td>MXN</td> <td>$, Mex$</td> <td>1.7%</td> <td>1.5%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/20px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/40px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.2pp </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Taiwan_dollar" title="New Taiwan dollar">New Taiwan dollar</a></td> <td>TWD</td> <td>$‎, NT$, <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-TW">圓</span></span></td> <td>0.9%</td> <td>1.1%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.2pp </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/South_African_rand" title="South African rand">South African rand</a></td> <td>ZAR</td> <td>R</td> <td>1.1%</td> <td>1.0%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/20px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/40px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.1pp </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_real" title="Brazilian real">Brazilian real</a></td> <td>BRL</td> <td>R$</td> <td>1.1%</td> <td>0.9%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/20px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/40px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.2pp </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Danish_krone" title="Danish krone">Danish krone</a></td> <td>DKK</td> <td>kr., DKr</td> <td>0.6%</td> <td>0.7%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.1pp </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Polish_z%C5%82oty" title="Polish złoty">Polish złoty</a></td> <td>PLN</td> <td>zł‎, Zl</td> <td>0.6%</td> <td>0.7%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.1pp </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Thai_baht" title="Thai baht">Thai baht</a></td> <td>THB</td> <td>฿, B</td> <td>0.5%</td> <td>0.4%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/20px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/40px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.1pp </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Israeli_new_shekel" title="Israeli new shekel">Israeli new shekel</a></td> <td>ILS</td> <td>₪, NIS</td> <td>0.3%</td> <td>0.4%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.1pp </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_rupiah" title="Indonesian rupiah">Indonesian rupiah</a></td> <td>IDR</td> <td>Rp</td> <td>0.4%</td> <td>0.4%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Czech_koruna" title="Czech koruna">Czech koruna</a></td> <td>CZK</td> <td>Kč, CZK</td> <td>0.4%</td> <td>0.4%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates_dirham" title="United Arab Emirates dirham">UAE dirham</a></td> <td>AED</td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar-AE" dir="rtl">د.إ</span></span>, Dh(s)</td> <td>0.2%</td> <td>0.4%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.2pp </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Turkish_lira" title="Turkish lira">Turkish lira</a></td> <td>TRY</td> <td>₺, TL</td> <td>1.1%</td> <td>0.4%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/20px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/40px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.7pp </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_forint" title="Hungarian forint">Hungarian forint</a></td> <td>HUF</td> <td>Ft</td> <td>0.4%</td> <td>0.3%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/20px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/40px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.1pp </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chilean_peso" title="Chilean peso">Chilean peso</a></td> <td>CLP</td> <td>$, Ch$</td> <td>0.3%</td> <td>0.3%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saudi_riyal" title="Saudi riyal">Saudi riyal</a></td> <td>SAR</td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar-SA" dir="rtl">﷼</span></span>, SRl(s)</td> <td>0.2%</td> <td>0.2%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Philippine_peso" title="Philippine peso">Philippine peso</a></td> <td>PHP</td> <td>₱</td> <td>0.3%</td> <td>0.2%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/20px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/40px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.1pp </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_ringgit" title="Malaysian ringgit">Malaysian ringgit</a></td> <td>MYR</td> <td>RM</td> <td>0.2%</td> <td>0.2%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Colombian_peso" title="Colombian peso">Colombian peso</a></td> <td>COP</td> <td>$, Col$</td> <td>0.2%</td> <td>0.2%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Russian_ruble" title="Russian ruble">Russian ruble</a></td> <td>RUB</td> <td>₽, руб</td> <td>1.1%</td> <td>0.2%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/20px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/40px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.9pp </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Romanian_leu" title="Romanian leu">Romanian leu</a></td> <td>RON</td> <td>—, leu</td> <td>0.1%</td> <td>0.1%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_sol" title="Peruvian sol">Peruvian sol</a></td> <td>PEN</td> <td>S/</td> <td>0.1%</td> <td>0.1%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="text-align:left"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /><span class="nobold"><i>Other currencies</i></span></th> <th style="text-align:right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /><span class="nobold">2.0%</span></th> <th style="text-align:right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /><span class="nobold">2.4%</span></th> <th style="text-align:right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /><span class="nobold"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.4pp</span> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Total<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th style="text-align:right">200.0%</th> <th style="text-align:right">200.0%</th> <th> </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hong_Kong_dollar&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Hong_Kong" title="Economy of Hong Kong">Economy of Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Monetary_Authority" title="Hong Kong Monetary Authority">Hong Kong Monetary Authority</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hong_Kong_dollar&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The total sum is 200% because each currency trade is counted twice: once for the currency being bought and once for the currency being sold. The percentages above represent the proportion of all trades involving a given currency, regardless of which side of the transaction it is on.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hong_Kong_dollar&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hkma.gov.hk/eng/key-functions/money/hong-kong-currency/money-past-and-present/history-of-note-issuing-banks-in-hong-kong/">"History of Note-issuing Banks in Hong Kong"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Monetary_Authority" title="Hong Kong Monetary Authority">Hong Kong Monetary Authority</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+Note-issuing+Banks+in+Hong+Kong&rft.pub=Hong+Kong+Monetary+Authority&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hkma.gov.hk%2Feng%2Fkey-functions%2Fmoney%2Fhong-kong-currency%2Fmoney-past-and-present%2Fhistory-of-note-issuing-banks-in-hong-kong%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHong+Kong+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.censtatd.gov.hk/hkstat/sub/sp270_tc.jsp?tableID=052&ID=0&productType=8">"表052：消費物價指數（2014年10月至2015年9月＝100）政府統計處"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Census_and_Statistics_Department_(Hong_Kong)" class="mw-redirect" title="Census and Statistics Department (Hong Kong)">Hong Kong Census and Statistics Department</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170616162044/http://www.censtatd.gov.hk/hkstat/sub/sp270_tc.jsp?tableID=052&ID=0&productType=8">Archived</a> from the original on 16 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E8%A1%A8052%EF%BC%9A%E6%B6%88%E8%B2%BB%E7%89%A9%E5%83%B9%E6%8C%87%E6%95%B8+%EF%BC%882014%E5%B9%B410%E6%9C%88%E8%87%B32015%E5%B9%B49%E6%9C%88%EF%BC%9D100%EF%BC%89%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E7%B5%B1%E8%A8%88%E8%99%95&rft.pub=Hong+Kong+Census+and+Statistics+Department&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.censtatd.gov.hk%2Fhkstat%2Fsub%2Fsp270_tc.jsp%3FtableID%3D052%26ID%3D0%26productType%3D8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHong+Kong+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hkma.gov.hk/eng/key-functions/monetary-stability.shtml">"Hong Kong Monetary Authority – Monetary Stability"</a>. <i>hkma.gov.hk</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160531191557/http://www.hkma.gov.hk/eng/key-functions/monetary-stability.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 31 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hkma.gov.hk&rft.atitle=Hong+Kong+Monetary+Authority+%E2%80%93+Monetary+Stability&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hkma.gov.hk%2Feng%2Fkey-functions%2Fmonetary-stability.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHong+Kong+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BIS-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BIS_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bis.org/statistics/rpfx19_fx.pdf">"Triennial Central Bank Survey Foreign exchange turnover in April 2019"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Bank for International Settlements. 16 September 2019. p. 10<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bank+for+International+Settlements&rft.atitle=Who+or+what+determines+monetary+policy+in+Hong+Kong%3F&rft.aulast=Latter&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bis.org%2Freview%2Fr020515e.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHong+Kong+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legco.gov.hk/yr05-06/english/panels/fa/papers/fa0504cb1-1338-4e.pdf">"Hong Kong Monetary Authority, Annual Report 2005"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121030141538/http://www.legco.gov.hk/yr05-06/english/panels/fa/papers/fa0504cb1-1338-4e.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 30 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Hong+Kong+Monetary+Authority%2C+Annual+Report+2005&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.legco.gov.hk%2Fyr05-06%2Fenglish%2Fpanels%2Ffa%2Fpapers%2Ffa0504cb1-1338-4e.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHong+Kong+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703510304574627172229357170">A Telling Move for the Hong Kong Dollar?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170202120542/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703510304574627172229357170#">Archived</a> 2 February 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i>, 30 December 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Joseph Yam's Viewpoint article, 18 November 1999, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hkma.gov.hk/eng/publications-and-research/reference-materials/viewpoint/19991118.shtml"><i>Joseph Yam's coin designs</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130206014333/http://www.hkma.gov.hk/eng/publications-and-research/reference-materials/viewpoint/19991118.shtml#">Archived</a> 6 February 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stat2020hkd-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-stat2020hkd_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.statista.com/statistics/869499/hong-kong-note-issuing-banks-market-share/">"Breakdown of note-issuing banks in Hong Kong as of December 2023, by share of banknotes in circulation"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Breakdown+of+note-issuing+banks+in+Hong+Kong+as+of+December+2023%2C+by+share+of+banknotes+in+circulation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.statista.com%2Fstatistics%2F869499%2Fhong-kong-note-issuing-banks-market-share%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHong+Kong+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hkma.gov.hk/eng/key-information/press-releases/2016/20160506-3.shtml">"Hong Kong's Latest Foreign Currency Reserve Assets Figures Released"</a>. HKMA. 6 May 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160611043338/http://www.hkma.gov.hk/eng/key-information/press-releases/2016/20160506-3.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 11 June 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Hong+Kong%27s+Latest+Foreign+Currency+Reserve+Assets+Figures+Released&rft.date=2016-05-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hkma.gov.hk%2Feng%2Fkey-information%2Fpress-releases%2F2016%2F20160506-3.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHong+Kong+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFYiu2015" class="citation web cs1">Yiu, Enoch (8 September 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scmp.com/business/banking-finance/article/1856273/why-hong-kong-still-needs-peg-its-currency-us-dollar">"Why Hong Kong still needs to peg its currency to US dollar"</a>. <i>South China Morning Post, SCMP.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161216092210/http://www.scmp.com/business/banking-finance/article/1856273/why-hong-kong-still-needs-peg-its-currency-us-dollar">Archived</a> from the original on 16 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=South+China+Morning+Post%2C+SCMP.com&rft.atitle=Why+Hong+Kong+still+needs+to+peg+its+currency+to+US+dollar&rft.date=2015-09-08&rft.aulast=Yiu&rft.aufirst=Enoch&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scmp.com%2Fbusiness%2Fbanking-finance%2Farticle%2F1856273%2Fwhy-hong-kong-still-needs-peg-its-currency-us-dollar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHong+Kong+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://group.atradius.com/publications/economic-research-hong-kong-dollar-peg-2016.html">"The Hong Kong dollar peg – change will come | Atradius"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170424154706/https://group.atradius.com/publications/economic-research-hong-kong-dollar-peg-2016.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Hong+Kong+dollar+peg+%E2%80%93+change+will+come+%7C+Atradius&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgroup.atradius.com%2Fpublications%2Feconomic-research-hong-kong-dollar-peg-2016.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHong+Kong+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170227053311/https://www.dailyfx.com/forex/fundamental/daily_briefing/daily_pieces/china_news/2016/04/06/A-Tale-of-Two-Currencies-Hong-Kong-Dollar-and-Chinese-Yuan.html">"A Tale of Two Currencies: Hong Kong Dollar and Chinese Yuan"</a>. 6 April 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dailyfx.com/forex/fundamental/daily_briefing/daily_pieces/china_news/2016/04/06/A-Tale-of-Two-Currencies-Hong-Kong-Dollar-and-Chinese-Yuan.html">the original</a> on 27 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Tale+of+Two+Currencies%3A+Hong+Kong+Dollar+and+Chinese+Yuan&rft.date=2016-04-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailyfx.com%2Fforex%2Ffundamental%2Fdaily_briefing%2Fdaily_pieces%2Fchina_news%2F2016%2F04%2F06%2FA-Tale-of-Two-Currencies-Hong-Kong-Dollar-and-Chinese-Yuan.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHong+Kong+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hkma.gov.hk/eng/key-functions/monetary-stability/history-hong-kongs-exchange-rate-system.shtml">"Hong Kong Monetary Authority – History of Hong Kong's Exchange Rate System"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170513133202/http://www.hkma.gov.hk/eng/key-functions/monetary-stability/history-hong-kongs-exchange-rate-system.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 13 May 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hong+Kong+Monetary+Authority+%E2%80%93+History+of+Hong+Kong%27s+Exchange+Rate+System&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hkma.gov.hk%2Feng%2Fkey-functions%2Fmonetary-stability%2Fhistory-hong-kongs-exchange-rate-system.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHong+Kong+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bis.org/statistics/rpfx22_fx.pdf">Triennial Central Bank Survey Foreign exchange turnover in April 2022</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). <a href="/wiki/Bank_for_International_Settlements" title="Bank for International Settlements">Bank for International Settlements</a>. 27 October 2022. p. 12. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221027140118/https://www.bis.org/statistics/rpfx22_fx.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 27 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Triennial+Central+Bank+Survey+Foreign+exchange+turnover+in+April+2022&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=Bank+for+International+Settlements&rft.date=2022-10-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bis.org%2Fstatistics%2Frpfx22_fx.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHong+Kong+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1">"Currency Units". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/33367/33304.pdf"><i>Editorial Style Guide</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. World Bank Publications. p. 134–139.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Currency+Units&rft.btitle=Editorial+Style+Guide&rft.pages=134-139&rft.pub=World+Bank+Publications&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenknowledge.worldbank.org%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F10986%2F33367%2F33304.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHong+Kong+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hong_Kong_dollar&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Numismatics</b> </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKrause,_Chester_L.Clifford_Mishler1991" class="citation book cs1">Krause, Chester L.; Clifford Mishler (1991). <i><a href="/wiki/Standard_Catalog_of_World_Coins" title="Standard Catalog of World Coins">Standard Catalog of World Coins</a>: 1801–1991</i> (18th ed.). Krause Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0873411501" title="Special:BookSources/0873411501"><bdi>0873411501</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Standard+Catalog+of+World+Coins%3A+1801%E2%80%931991&rft.edition=18th&rft.pub=Krause+Publications&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0873411501&rft.au=Krause%2C+Chester+L.&rft.au=Clifford+Mishler&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHong+Kong+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPick,_Albert1994" class="citation book cs1">Pick, Albert (1994). Bruce, Colin R. II; Shafer, Neil (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/Standard_Catalog_of_World_Paper_Money" title="Standard Catalog of World Paper Money">Standard Catalog of World Paper Money</a>: General Issues</i> (7th ed.). Krause Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87341-207-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-87341-207-9"><bdi>0-87341-207-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Standard+Catalog+of+World+Paper+Money%3A+General+Issues&rft.edition=7th&rft.pub=Krause+Publications&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-87341-207-9&rft.au=Pick%2C+Albert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHong+Kong+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hong_Kong_dollar&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hong_Kong361" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hong_Kong_topics" title="Template:Hong Kong topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hong_Kong_topics" title="Template talk:Hong Kong topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hong_Kong_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hong Kong topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hong_Kong361" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Hong_Kong" title="Outline of Hong Kong">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_articles_related_to_Hong_Kong" title="Index of articles related to Hong Kong">Index of articles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Hong_Kong" title="History of Hong Kong">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Hong_Kong" title="Prehistoric Hong Kong">Prehistoric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Hong_Kong_under_Imperial_China" title="History of Hong Kong under Imperial China">Imperial China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bao%27an_County" title="Bao'an County">Bao'an County and Xin'an County</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Hong_Kong" title="British Hong Kong">British colony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Hong_Kong_(1800s%E2%80%931930s)" title="History of Hong Kong (1800s–1930s)">1800s–1930s</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_during_World_War_I" title="Hong Kong during World War I">WWI</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hong_Kong" title="Battle of Hong Kong">Battle of Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Hong_Kong" title="Japanese occupation of Hong Kong">Japanese occupation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1950s_in_Hong_Kong" title="1950s in Hong Kong">1950s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960s_in_Hong_Kong" title="1960s in Hong Kong">1960s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970s_in_Hong_Kong" title="1970s in Hong Kong">1970s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980s_in_Hong_Kong" title="1980s in Hong Kong">1980s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990s_in_Hong_Kong" title="1990s in Hong Kong">1990s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handover_of_Hong_Kong" title="Handover of Hong Kong">Handover of Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000s_in_Hong_Kong" title="2000s in Hong Kong">2000s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010s_in_Hong_Kong" title="2010s in Hong Kong">2010s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020s_in_Hong_Kong" title="2020s in Hong Kong">2020s</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Hong_Kong" title="Geography of Hong Kong">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Hong_Kong" title="Districts of Hong Kong">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_pollution_in_Hong_Kong" title="Air pollution in Hong Kong">Air pollution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_Hong_Kong" title="List of places in Hong Kong">Areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bays_in_Hong_Kong" title="List of bays in Hong Kong">Bays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaches_of_Hong_Kong" title="Beaches of Hong Kong">Beaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_buildings_and_structures_in_Hong_Kong" title="List of buildings and structures in Hong Kong">Buildings and structures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_channels_in_Hong_Kong" title="List of channels in Hong Kong">Channels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_in_Hong_Kong" title="List of towns in Hong Kong">Cities and towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_in_Hong_Kong" title="Conservation in Hong Kong">Country parks and conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environment_of_Hong_Kong" title="Environment of Hong Kong">Ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_reclamation_in_Hong_Kong" title="Land reclamation in Hong Kong">Land reclamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_harbours_in_Hong_Kong" title="List of harbours in Hong Kong">Harbours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_and_peninsulas_of_Hong_Kong" title="List of islands and peninsulas of Hong Kong">Islands and peninsulas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="List of lakes of Hong Kong">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_parks_in_Hong_Kong" title="Marine parks in Hong Kong">Marine parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains,_peaks_and_hills_in_Hong_Kong" title="List of mountains, peaks and hills in Hong Kong">Mountains and peaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_urban_public_parks_and_gardens_in_Hong_Kong" title="List of urban public parks and gardens in Hong Kong">Public parks and gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_reservoirs_of_Hong_Kong" title="List of reservoirs of Hong Kong">Reservoirs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_and_nullahs_in_Hong_Kong" title="List of rivers and nullahs in Hong Kong">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_villages_in_Hong_Kong" title="List of villages in Hong Kong">Villages</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Hong_Kong" title="Politics of Hong Kong">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_of_the_Volunteers" title="March of the Volunteers">National anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Basic_Law" title="Hong Kong Basic Law">Basic Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Executive_of_Hong_Kong" title="Chief Executive of Hong Kong">Chief Executive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Hong_Kong" title="Districts of Hong Kong">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Hong_Kong" title="Elections in Hong Kong">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Hong_Kong" title="Emblem of Hong Kong">Emblem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Hong_Kong" title="Flag of Hong Kong">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Hong_Kong" title="Foreign relations of Hong Kong">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Hong_Kong" title="Government of Hong Kong">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_independence" title="Hong Kong independence">Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Hong_Kong" title="Judiciary of Hong Kong">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Hong_Kong" title="Law of Hong Kong">Legal system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Council_of_Hong_Kong" title="Legislative Council of Hong Kong">Legislative Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Hong Kong">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Hong_Kong_Garrison" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Liberation Army Hong Kong Garrison">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_country,_two_systems" title="One country, two systems">One country, two systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Hong_Kong" title="List of political parties in Hong Kong">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong protests">Protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-British_Joint_Declaration" title="Sino-British Joint Declaration">Sino-British Joint Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_administrative_regions_of_China" title="Special administrative regions of China">Special administrative regions of China</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Civil_Service" title="Hong Kong Civil Service">Public services</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Hong_Kong" title="Education in Hong Kong">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Fire_Services_Department" title="Hong Kong Fire Services Department">Fire services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_and_Health_Bureau" title="Food and Health Bureau">Food and Health Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Hong_Kong" title="Health in Hong Kong">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Police_Force" title="Hong Kong Police Force">Police</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Hong_Kong" title="Economy of Hong Kong">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Hong_Kong" title="List of banks in Hong Kong">Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Hong_Kong" title="List of companies of Hong Kong">Companies</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dollar <span style="font-size: 85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Employment_in_Hong_Kong" title="Employment in Hong Kong">Employment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawkers_in_Hong_Kong" title="Hawkers in Hong Kong">Hawkers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Hong_Kong" title="Port of Hong Kong">Port</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Stock_Exchange" title="Hong Kong Stock Exchange">Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_in_Hong_Kong" title="Communications in Hong Kong">Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_(business)" title="Hong (business)">The Hongs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Hong_Kong" title="Tourism in Hong Kong">Tourism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transport_of_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Transport of Hong Kong">Transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_airlines_of_Hong_Kong" title="List of airlines of Hong Kong">Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_International_Airport" title="Hong Kong International Airport">Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bus_services_in_Hong_Kong" title="Bus services in Hong Kong">Buses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_in_Hong_Kong" title="Cycling in Hong Kong">Cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Hong_Kong#Ferries" title="Transport in Hong Kong">Ferries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_streets_and_roads_in_Hong_Kong" title="List of streets and roads in Hong Kong">List of roads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Hong_Kong" title="Rail transport in Hong Kong">Rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxicabs_of_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxicabs of Hong Kong">Taxis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Hong_Kong" title="Crime in Hong Kong">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Hong_Kong" title="Prostitution in Hong Kong">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_trafficking_in_Hong_Kong" title="Sex trafficking in Hong Kong">Sex trafficking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Hong_Kong" title="Culture of Hong Kong">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Hong_Kong" title="Architecture of Hong Kong">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Hong_Kong" title="Cinema of Hong Kong">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_comics" title="Hong Kong comics">Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheung_Chau_Bun_Festival" title="Cheung Chau Bun Festival">Cheung Chau Bun Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_cuisine" title="Hong Kong cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambling_in_Hong_Kong" title="Gambling in Hong Kong">Gambling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graffiti_in_Hong_Kong" title="Graffiti in Hong Kong">Graffiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_conservation_in_Hong_Kong" title="Heritage conservation in Hong Kong">Heritage conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bauhinia_%C3%97_blakeana" title="Bauhinia × blakeana">Hong Kong orchid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_Hong_Kong" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of Hong Kong">Honours system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_nationalism" title="Hong Kong nationalism">Hong Kong nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Hong_Kong" title="Languages of Hong Kong">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_culture_in_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT culture in Hong Kong">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lion_Rock_Spirit" title="Lion Rock Spirit">Lion Rock Spirit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_literature" title="Hong Kong literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDull" title="McDull">McDull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Hong_Kong" title="Media of Hong Kong">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Hong_Kong" title="List of museums in Hong Kong">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Hong_Kong" title="Music of Hong Kong">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngai_jong" title="Ngai jong">Ngai jong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong people">People</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Hong_Kong" title="Demographics of Hong Kong">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Hong_Kong" title="Women in Hong Kong">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_in_Hong_Kong" title="Youth in Hong Kong">Youth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Hong_Kong" title="Public holidays in Hong Kong">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Hong_Kong" title="Religion in Hong Kong">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTHK" title="RTHK">RTHK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shopping_in_Hong_Kong" title="Shopping in Hong Kong">Shopping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Hong_Kong" title="Sport in Hong Kong">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Hong_Kong" title="Television in Hong Kong">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_art_of_Hong_Kong" title="Visual art of Hong Kong">Visual art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglosphere" title="Anglosphere">Anglosphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CJKV" class="mw-redirect" title="CJKV">CJKV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sinosphere" title="Sinosphere">Sinosphere</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hong_Kong_currency56" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:HK_currency_and_coinage" title="Template:HK currency and coinage"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:HK_currency_and_coinage" title="Template talk:HK currency and coinage"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:HK_currency_and_coinage" title="Special:EditPage/Template:HK currency and coinage"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hong_Kong_currency56" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Hong Kong currency</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banknotes_of_the_Hong_Kong_dollar" title="Banknotes of the Hong Kong dollar">Banknotes of the HKD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coins_of_the_Hong_Kong_dollar" title="Coins of the Hong Kong dollar">Coins of the HKD</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hong Kong dollar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Coinage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_one-mil_coin" title="Hong Kong one-mil coin">1 mil</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_one-cent_coin" title="Hong Kong one-cent coin">1¢</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_five-cent_coin" title="Hong Kong five-cent coin">5¢</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_ten-cent_coin" title="Hong Kong ten-cent coin">10¢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_twenty-cent_coin" title="Hong Kong twenty-cent coin">20¢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_fifty-cent_coin" title="Hong Kong fifty-cent coin">50¢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_one-dollar_coin" title="Hong Kong one-dollar coin">$1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_two-dollar_coin" title="Hong Kong two-dollar coin">$2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_five-dollar_coin" title="Hong Kong five-dollar coin">$5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_ten-dollar_coin" title="Hong Kong ten-dollar coin">$10</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Banknotes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_one-cent_note" title="Hong Kong one-cent note">1¢</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_five-cent_note" title="Hong Kong five-cent note">5¢</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_ten-cent_note" title="Hong Kong ten-cent note">10¢</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_one-dollar_note" title="Hong Kong one-dollar note">$1</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_five-dollar_note" title="Hong Kong five-dollar note">$5</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_ten-dollar_note" title="Hong Kong ten-dollar note">$10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_twenty-dollar_note" title="Hong Kong twenty-dollar note">$20</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_twenty_five-dollar_note" title="Hong Kong twenty five-dollar note">$25</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_fifty-dollar_note" title="Hong Kong fifty-dollar note">$50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_one_hundred-dollar_note" title="Hong Kong one hundred-dollar note">$100</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_one_hundred_and_fifty-dollar_note" title="Hong Kong one hundred and fifty-dollar note">$150</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_five_hundred-dollar_note" title="Hong Kong five hundred-dollar note">$500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_one_thousand-dollar_note" title="Hong Kong one thousand-dollar note">$1000</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Banknote issuers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_China_(Hong_Kong)" title="Bank of China (Hong Kong)">Bank of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Monetary_Authority" title="Hong Kong Monetary Authority">Hong Kong Monetary Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_(Hong_Kong)" title="HSBC (Hong Kong)">HSBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chartered_Hong_Kong" title="Standard Chartered Hong Kong">Standard Chartered Hong Kong</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mercantile_Bank_of_India,_London_and_China" title="Mercantile Bank of India, London and China">Mercantile Bank of India, London and China</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Bank_Corporation" title="Oriental Bank Corporation">Oriental Bank Corporation</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Currencies_of_China395" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Chinese_currency_and_coinage" title="Template:Chinese currency and coinage"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Chinese_currency_and_coinage" title="Template talk:Chinese currency and coinage"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Chinese_currency_and_coinage" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Chinese currency and coinage"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Currencies_of_China395" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Currencies of China</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Overview</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Chinese_currency" title="History of Chinese currency">History of Chinese currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_cash_coins_by_inscription" title="List of Chinese cash coins by inscription">List of Chinese cash coins by inscription</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Chinese_coinage" title="Ancient Chinese coinage">Ancient Chinese coinage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dynasties_in_Chinese_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Dynasties in Chinese history">By period (before 1912)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhou_dynasty_coinage" title="Zhou dynasty coinage">Zhou dynasty coinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty_coinage" title="Han dynasty coinage">Han dynasty coinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xin_dynasty_coinage" title="Xin dynasty coinage">Xin dynasty coinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Tang_coinage" title="Southern Tang coinage">Southern Tang coinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liao_dynasty_coinage" title="Liao dynasty coinage">Liao dynasty coinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Da_Shu_coinage" title="Da Shu coinage">Da Shu coinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Song_dynasty_coinage" title="Southern Song dynasty coinage">Southern Song dynasty coinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Xia_coinage" title="Western Xia coinage">Western Xia coinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_coinage_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Jin dynasty coinage (1115–1234)">Jin dynasty coinage (1115–1234)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Da_Qi_coinage" class="mw-redirect" title="Da Qi coinage">Da Qi coinage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty_coinage" title="Yuan dynasty coinage">Yuan dynasty coinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty_coinage" title="Ming dynasty coinage">Ming dynasty coinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty_coinage" title="Qing dynasty coinage">Qing dynasty coinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_money_of_the_Qing_dynasty" title="Paper money of the Qing dynasty">Paper money of the Qing dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shengbao_(currency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shengbao (currency)">Shengbao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historical_money_of_Tibet" title="Historical money of Tibet">Historical money of Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kucha_coinage" title="Kucha coinage">Kucha coinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchukuo_yuan" title="Manchukuo yuan">Manchukuo yuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mengjiang_yuan" title="Mengjiang yuan">Mengjiang yuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_coins" title="Xinjiang coins">Xinjiang coins</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hongqian" title="Hongqian">Hongqian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuan_of_the_Red_Army_Command" title="Yuan of the Red Army Command">Yuan of the Red Army Command</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_China#Ancient_China" title="History of China">Ancient</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shell_money#East,_South_and_Southeast_Asia" title="Shell money">Cowrie shell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tong_Bei" title="Tong Bei">Tong Bei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant-nose_coin" title="Ant-nose coin">Ant-nose coin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knife_money" title="Knife money">Knife money</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ying_Yuan" title="Ying Yuan">Ying Yuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spade_money" title="Spade money">Spade money</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_China#Imperial_China" title="History of China">Imperial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cash_(Chinese_coin)" title="Cash (Chinese coin)">Cash coins</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/String_of_cash_coins_(currency_unit)" title="String of cash coins (currency unit)">Strings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ban_Liang" class="mw-redirect" title="Ban Liang">Ban Liang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu_Zhu" title="Wu Zhu">Wu Zhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiyuan_Tongbao" title="Kaiyuan Tongbao">Kaiyuan Tongbao</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sycee" title="Sycee">Sycee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flying_cash" title="Flying cash">Flying cash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaozi_(currency)" title="Jiaozi (currency)">Jiaozi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanzi_(currency)" title="Guanzi (currency)">Guanzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huizi_(currency)" title="Huizi (currency)">Huizi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaochao" title="Jiaochao">Jiaochao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Ming_Treasure_Note" title="Great Ming Treasure Note">Great Ming Treasure Note</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Qing_Treasure_Note" title="Great Qing Treasure Note">Great Qing Treasure Note</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubu_Guanpiao" title="Hubu Guanpiao">Hubu Guanpiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_Dragon_(coin)" title="Silver Dragon (coin)">Silver Dragon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manufacturing and casting process</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mother_coin" title="Mother coin">Mother coin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancestor_coin" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancestor coin">Ancestor coin</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Near modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_cash_(currency_unit)" title="Chinese cash (currency unit)">Cash <i>(wén)</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candareen" title="Candareen">Candareen <i>(fēn)</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mace_(unit)" title="Mace (unit)">Mace <i>(qián)</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tael" title="Tael">Tael <i>(liǎng)</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuan_(currency)" title="Yuan (currency)">Yuan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical exonumia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_numismatic_charm" title="Chinese numismatic charm">Charms and amulets (Yansheng)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse_coin" title="Horse coin">Horse coin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vault_protector_coin" title="Vault protector coin">Vault protector coin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaona_Xinbao" title="Zhaona Xinbao">Zhaona Xinbao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamboo_tally" title="Bamboo tally">Bamboo tally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_token_(alternative_currency)" title="Chinese token (alternative currency)">Token</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China">Republic of China</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_customs_gold_unit" title="Chinese customs gold unit">Customs gold unit</a></li> <li>Fabi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Taiwan_dollar" title="Old Taiwan dollar">Old Taiwan dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_gold_yuan" title="Chinese gold yuan">Chinese gold yuan</a></li> <li>Silver dollar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Taiwan_dollar" title="New Taiwan dollar">New Taiwan dollar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fifth_series_of_the_new_Taiwan_dollar_banknote" title="Fifth series of the new Taiwan dollar banknote">5th</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi">Renminbi</a> series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_series_of_the_renminbi" title="First series of the renminbi">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_series_of_the_renminbi" title="Second series of the renminbi">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_series_of_the_renminbi" title="Third series of the renminbi">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_series_of_the_renminbi" title="Fourth series of the renminbi">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_series_of_the_renminbi" title="Fifth series of the renminbi">5th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_renminbi" title="Digital renminbi">Digital</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Special_administrative_regions_of_China" title="Special administrative regions of China">Special administrative regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hong Kong dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macanese_pataca" title="Macanese pataca">Macanese pataca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>See also: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_China" title="Economy of China">Economy of China</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Economy_of_Hong_Kong448" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Economy_of_Hong_Kong_navbox" title="Template:Economy of Hong Kong navbox"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Economy_of_Hong_Kong_navbox" title="Template talk:Economy of Hong Kong navbox"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Economy_of_Hong_Kong_navbox" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Economy of Hong Kong navbox"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Economy_of_Hong_Kong448" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Hong_Kong" title="Economy of Hong Kong">Economy of Hong Kong</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seamen%27s_strike_of_1922" class="mw-redirect" title="Seamen's strike of 1922">Seamen's strike of 1922</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Saturday_(1983)" title="Black Saturday (1983)">Black Saturday (1983)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Asian_Tigers" title="Four Asian Tigers">Four Asian Tigers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ting_Hai_effect" title="Ting Hai effect">Ting Hai effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Asian_financial_crisis" title="1997 Asian financial crisis">1997 Asian financial crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_disasters_in_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Stock disasters in Hong Kong">Stock disasters in Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brand_Hong_Kong" title="Brand Hong Kong">Brand Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Positive_non-interventionism" title="Positive non-interventionism">Positive non-interventionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taipan_(corporate_title)" title="Taipan (corporate title)">Taipan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_Campaign:_Speak_Up" title="Poverty Campaign: Speak Up">Poverty Campaign: Speak Up</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl_River_Delta" title="Pearl River Delta">Pearl River Delta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Currency</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hong Kong dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Mint" title="Hong Kong Mint">Hong Kong Mint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Note_Printing" title="Hong Kong Note Printing">Hong Kong Note Printing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banknotes_of_the_Hong_Kong_dollar" title="Banknotes of the Hong Kong dollar">Banknotes of the Hong Kong dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coins_of_the_Hong_Kong_dollar" title="Coins of the Hong Kong dollar">Coins of the Hong Kong dollar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Industry and business</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Hong_Kong" title="List of companies of Hong Kong">List of companies of Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_and_aquaculture_in_Hong_Kong" title="Agriculture and aquaculture in Hong Kong">Agriculture and aquaculture in Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Export_Credit_Insurance_Corporation" title="Hong Kong Export Credit Insurance Corporation">Hong Kong Export Credit Insurance Corporation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government agencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Trade_Development_Council" title="Hong Kong Trade Development Council">Hong Kong Trade Development Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Monetary_Authority" title="Hong Kong Monetary Authority">Hong Kong Monetary Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commerce_and_Economic_Development_Bureau" title="Commerce and Economic Development Bureau">Commerce and Economic Development Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_Services_and_the_Treasury_Bureau" title="Financial Services and the Treasury Bureau">Financial Services and the Treasury Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_and_Industry_Department" title="Trade and Industry Department">Trade and Industry Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Analysis_and_Business_Facilitation_Unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic Analysis and Business Facilitation Unit">Office of the Government Economist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inland_Revenue_Department_(Hong_Kong)" title="Inland Revenue Department (Hong Kong)">Inland Revenue Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture,_Fisheries_and_Conservation_Department" title="Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department">Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_enterprises_in_Hong_Kong" title="State enterprises in Hong Kong">State enterprises in Hong Kong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Employment_in_Hong_Kong" title="Employment in Hong Kong">Employment</a> and tax</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Employment_in_Hong_Kong" title="Employment in Hong Kong">Employment in Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estate_Duty_Ordinance" title="Estate Duty Ordinance">Estate Duty Ordinance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goepfert_case" title="Goepfert case">Goepfert case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inland_Revenue_Ordinance" title="Inland Revenue Ordinance">Inland Revenue Ordinance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partnership_taxation_(Hong_Kong)" title="Partnership taxation (Hong Kong)">Partnership taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Profits_tax_in_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Profits tax in Hong Kong">Profits tax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rates_in_Hong_Kong" title="Rates in Hong Kong">Rates (tax)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salaries_tax" title="Salaries tax">Salaries tax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimum_Wage_Ordinance" title="Minimum Wage Ordinance">Minimum Wage Ordinance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stamp_Duty_Ordinance" title="Stamp Duty Ordinance">Stamp Duty Ordinance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stamp_duty" title="Stamp duty">Stamp duty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goods_and_Services_Tax_(Hong_Kong)" class="mw-redirect" title="Goods and Services Tax (Hong Kong)">Goods and Service Tax</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Infrastructure <br /> and <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Hong_Kong" title="Transport in Hong Kong">Transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Hong_Kong" title="Port of Hong Kong">Port of Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Zhuhai%E2%80%93Macau_Bridge" title="Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Bridge">Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_International_Airport" title="Hong Kong International Airport">Hong Kong International Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou%E2%80%93Shenzhen%E2%80%93Hong_Kong_Express_Rail_Link" title="Guangzhou–Shenzhen–Hong Kong Express Rail Link">Guangzhou–Shenzhen–Hong Kong Express Rail Link</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTR" title="MTR">MTR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rankings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_rankings_of_Hong_Kong" title="International rankings of Hong Kong">International rankings of Hong Kong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Finance and banking</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Exchanges_and_Clearing" title="Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing">Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Stock_Exchange" title="Hong Kong Stock Exchange">The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Futures_Exchange" title="Hong Kong Futures Exchange">Hong Kong Futures Exchange</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Securities_and_Futures_Commission" title="Securities and Futures Commission">Securities and Futures Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linked_exchange_rate_system_in_Hong_Kong" title="Linked exchange rate system in Hong Kong">Linked exchange rate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_chip" title="Red chip">Red chip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H_share" title="H share">H share</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_Payment_Services" title="Electronic Payment Services">Electronic Payment Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Growth_Enterprise_Market" title="Growth Enterprise Market">Growth Enterprise Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Mercantile_Exchange" title="Hong Kong Mercantile Exchange">Hong Kong Mercantile Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hang_Seng_Index" title="Hang Seng Index">Hang Seng Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hang_Seng_China_Enterprises_Index" title="Hang Seng China Enterprises Index">Hang Seng China Enterprises Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hang_Seng_China-Affiliated_Corporations_Index" title="Hang Seng China-Affiliated Corporations Index">Hang Seng China-Affiliated Corporations Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSI_Cross-Straits_500_Index" title="CSI Cross-Straits 500 Index">CSI Cross-Straits 500 Index</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Agreements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mainland_and_Hong_Kong_Closer_Economic_Partnership_Arrangement" title="Mainland and Hong Kong Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement">CEPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Revolution_of_Ship_Registration_in_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="The Revolution of Ship Registration in Hong Kong">Ship Registration in Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outward_Processing_Arrangement" title="Outward Processing Arrangement">Outward Processing Arrangement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Energy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_power_stations_in_Hong_Kong" title="List of power stations in Hong Kong">List of power stations in Hong Kong</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_in_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Water supply in Hong Kong">Water supply in Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individual_Visit_Scheme" title="Individual Visit Scheme">Individual Visit Scheme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_freedom" title="Economic freedom">Economic freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_big_families_of_Hong_Kong" title="Four big families of Hong Kong">Four big families of Hong Kong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><i>See also:</i> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Macau" title="Economy of Macau">Economy of Macau</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Asia" title="Economy of Asia">Economy of Asia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Currencies_named_dollar_or_similar173" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Dollar" title="Template:Dollar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Dollar" title="Template talk:Dollar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Dollar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Dollar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Currencies_named_dollar_or_similar173" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Currency" title="Currency">Currencies</a> named <i><a href="/wiki/Dollar" title="Dollar">dollar</a></i> or similar</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Circulating</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_dollar" title="Australian dollar">Australian dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahamian_dollar" title="Bahamian dollar">Bahamian dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbadian_dollar" title="Barbadian dollar">Barbadian dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belize_dollar" title="Belize dollar">Belize dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermudian_dollar" title="Bermudian dollar">Bermudian dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei_dollar" title="Brunei dollar">Brunei dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_dollar" title="Canadian dollar">Canadian dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands_dollar" title="Cayman Islands dollar">Cayman Islands dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands_dollar" title="Cook Islands dollar">Cook Islands dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Caribbean_dollar" title="Eastern Caribbean dollar">Eastern Caribbean dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fijian_dollar" title="Fijian dollar">Fijian dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyanese_dollar" title="Guyanese dollar">Guyanese dollar</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hong Kong dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_dollar" title="Jamaican dollar">Jamaican dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiribati_dollar" title="Kiribati dollar">Kiribati dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberian_dollar" title="Liberian dollar">Liberian dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibian_dollar" title="Namibian dollar">Namibian dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_dollar" title="New Zealand dollar">New Zealand dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoan_t%C4%81l%C4%81" title="Samoan tālā">Samoan tālā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore_dollar" title="Singapore dollar">Singapore dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands_dollar" title="Solomon Islands dollar">Solomon Islands dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surinamese_dollar" title="Surinamese dollar">Surinamese dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Taiwan_dollar" title="New Taiwan dollar">New Taiwan dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago_dollar" title="Trinidad and Tobago dollar">Trinidad and Tobago dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvaluan_dollar" title="Tuvaluan dollar">Tuvaluan dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">United States dollar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Circulating, but renamed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_yuan#Connection_with_dollar" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese yuan">Chinese yuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_birr" title="Ethiopian birr">Ethiopian birr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_ringgit" title="Malaysian ringgit">Malaysian ringgit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Obsolete and historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antigua_dollar" title="Antigua dollar">Antigua dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Columbia_dollar" title="British Columbia dollar">British Columbia dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_North_Borneo_dollar" title="British North Borneo dollar">British North Borneo dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_West_Indies_dollar" title="British West Indies dollar">British West Indies dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceylonese_rixdollar" title="Ceylonese rixdollar">Ceylonese rixdollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_dollar" title="Confederate States dollar">Confederate States dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_American_currency#Continental_currency" title="Early American currency">Continental dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_rigsdaler" title="Danish rigsdaler">Danish rigsdaler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_West_Indian_daler" title="Danish West Indian daler">Danish West Indian daler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_West_Indian_rigsdaler" title="Danish West Indian rigsdaler">Danish West Indian rigsdaler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_dollar" title="Dominican dollar">Dominican dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_rijksdaalder" title="Dutch rijksdaalder">Dutch rijksdaalder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenlandic_rigsdaler" title="Greenlandic rigsdaler">Greenlandic rigsdaler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenadian_dollar" title="Grenadian dollar">Grenadian dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_dollar" title="Hawaiian dollar">Hawaiian dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_government-issued_dollar_in_Malaya_and_Borneo" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese government-issued dollar in Malaya and Borneo">Japanese occupation dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiautschou_dollar" title="Kiautschou dollar">Kiautschou dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaya_and_British_Borneo_dollar" title="Malaya and British Borneo dollar">Malaya and British Borneo dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_dollar" title="Malayan dollar">Malayan dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritian_dollar" title="Mauritian dollar">Mauritian dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_dollar" title="Mongolian dollar">Mongolian dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevisian_dollar" title="Nevisian dollar">Nevisian dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick_dollar" title="New Brunswick dollar">New Brunswick dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_dollar" title="Newfoundland dollar">Newfoundland dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_rigsdaler" title="Norwegian rigsdaler">Norwegian rigsdaler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_speciedaler" class="mw-redirect" title="Norwegian speciedaler">Norwegian speciedaler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotian_dollar" title="Nova Scotian dollar">Nova Scotian dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penang_dollar" title="Penang dollar">Penang dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island_dollar" title="Prince Edward Island dollar">Prince Edward Island dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Currencies_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Currencies of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rican dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodesian_dollar" title="Rhodesian dollar">Rhodesian dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_dollar" title="Saint Kitts dollar">Saint Kitts dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia_dollar" title="Saint Lucia dollar">Saint Lucia dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_dollar" title="Saint Vincent dollar">Saint Vincent dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarawak_dollar" title="Sarawak dollar">Sarawak dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leonean_dollar" title="Sierra Leonean dollar">Sierra Leonean dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_tolar" title="Slovenian tolar">Slovenian tolar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_dollar" title="Spanish dollar">Spanish dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straits_dollar" title="Straits dollar">Straits dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumatran_dollar" title="Sumatran dollar">Sumatran dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_riksdaler" title="Swedish riksdaler">Swedish riksdaler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Taiwan_dollar" title="Old Taiwan dollar">Old Taiwan dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_dollar" title="Texas dollar">Texas dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidadian_dollar" title="Trinidadian dollar">Trinidadian dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobagonian_dollar" title="Tobagonian dollar">Tobagonian dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwean_dollar" title="Zimbabwean dollar">Zimbabwean dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwean_dollar_(2019%E2%80%932024)" title="Zimbabwean dollar (2019–2024)">Zimbabwean dollar (2019–2024)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Noncirculating</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Niue_dollar" title="Niue dollar">Niue dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands_dollar" title="Pitcairn Islands dollar">Pitcairn Islands dollar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conceptual</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eurodollar" title="Eurodollar">Eurodollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrodollar_recycling" title="Petrodollar recycling">Petrodollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_dollar" title="International dollar">International dollar</a> (Geary–Khamis dollar)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Virtual</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Second_Life" title="Economy of Second Life">Linden dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entropia_Universe" title="Entropia Universe">Project Entropia Dollar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fictional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angus_Bucks" title="Angus Bucks">Angus Bucks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Private</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calgary_dollar" class="mw-redirect" title="Calgary dollar">Calgary dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Tire_money" title="Canadian Tire money">Canadian Tire money</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disney_Dollars" title="Disney Dollars">Disney Dollars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_dollar_(private_currency)" title="Liberty dollar (private currency)">Liberty dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_Spring_dollar" title="Salt Spring dollar">Salt Spring dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_dollar" title="Toronto dollar">Toronto dollar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dollar_sign" title="Dollar sign">Dollar sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Half_dollar" title="Half dollar">Half dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quarter_dollar" title="Quarter dollar">Quarter dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holey_dollar" title="Holey dollar">Holey dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaler" title="Thaler">Thaler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolar" title="Tolar">Tolar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_dollar" title="Trade dollar">Trade dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwean_bond_coins" title="Zimbabwean bond coins">Zimbabwean bond coins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwean_bond_notes" title="Zimbabwean bond notes">Zimbabwean bond notes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Currencies_of_Asia52" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Currencies_of_Asia" title="Template:Currencies of Asia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Currencies_of_Asia" title="Template talk:Currencies of Asia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Currencies_of_Asia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Currencies of Asia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Currencies_of_Asia52" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Currencies of Asia</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstani_tenge" title="Kazakhstani tenge">Kazakhstani tenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_som" title="Kyrgyz som">Kyrgyz som</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajikistani_somoni" title="Tajikistani somoni">Tajikistani somoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_manat" title="Turkmen manat">Turkmen manat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistani_sum" title="Uzbekistani sum">Uzbekistani sum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi">Renminbi</a> (yuan)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hong Kong dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_yen" title="Japanese yen">Japanese yen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korean_won" title="North Korean won">North Korean won</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korean_won" title="South Korean won">South Korean won</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macanese_pataca" title="Macanese pataca">Macanese pataca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_t%C3%B6gr%C3%B6g" title="Mongolian tögrög">Mongolian tögrög</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Taiwan_dollar" title="New Taiwan dollar">New Taiwan dollar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_ruble" title="Russian ruble">Russian ruble</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_afghani" title="Afghan afghani">Afghan afghani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_taka" title="Bangladeshi taka">Bangladeshi taka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutanese_ngultrum" title="Bhutanese ngultrum">Bhutanese ngultrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_rupee" title="Indian rupee">Indian rupee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldivian_rufiyaa" title="Maldivian rufiyaa">Maldivian rufiyaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_rupee" title="Nepalese rupee">Nepalese rupee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_rupee" title="Pakistani rupee">Pakistani rupee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">Pound sterling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_rupee" title="Sri Lankan rupee">Sri Lankan rupee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">U.S. dollar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southeast</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_dollar" title="Australian dollar">Australian dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei_dollar" title="Brunei dollar">Brunei dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_riel" title="Cambodian riel">Cambodian riel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_rupiah" title="Indonesian rupiah">Indonesian rupiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_kip" title="Lao kip">Lao kip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_ringgit" title="Malaysian ringgit">Malaysian ringgit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar_kyat" title="Myanmar kyat">Myanmar kyat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_peso" title="Philippine peso">Philippine peso (<i>piso</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore_dollar" title="Singapore dollar">Singapore dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_baht" title="Thai baht">Thai baht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">U.S. dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_%C4%91%E1%BB%93ng" title="Vietnamese đồng">Vietnamese đồng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">West</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_dram" title="Armenian dram">Armenian dram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_manat" title="Azerbaijani manat">Azerbaijani manat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahraini_dinar" title="Bahraini dinar">Bahraini dinar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_pound" title="Egyptian pound">Egyptian pound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates_dirham" title="United Arab Emirates dirham">Emirati dirham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_lari" title="Georgian lari">Georgian lari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_rial" title="Iranian rial">Iranian rial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_dinar" title="Iraqi dinar">Iraqi dinar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_new_shekel" title="Israeli new shekel">Israeli new shekel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_dinar" title="Jordanian dinar">Jordanian dinar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwaiti_dinar" title="Kuwaiti dinar">Kuwaiti dinar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_pound" title="Lebanese pound">Lebanese pound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omani_rial" title="Omani rial">Omani rial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatari_riyal" title="Qatari riyal">Qatari riyal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_riyal" title="Saudi riyal">Saudi riyal</a></li> <li><a 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