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Pacifica Foundation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-FCC_v._Pacifica_Foundation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Governance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Governance</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Governance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Governance subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Governance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pacifica_National_Board" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pacifica_National_Board"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Pacifica National Board</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pacifica_National_Board-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Local_Station_Boards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_Station_Boards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Local Station Boards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local_Station_Boards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Internal_conflicts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Internal_conflicts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Internal conflicts</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Internal_conflicts-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Internal conflicts subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Internal_conflicts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1990s–2002" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1990s–2002"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>1990s–2002</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1990s–2002-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2002–2009" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2002–2009"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>2002–2009</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2002–2009-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Financial_situation_in_the_2010s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Financial_situation_in_the_2010s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Financial situation in the 2010s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Financial_situation_in_the_2010s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Programs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Programs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Programs</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Programs-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Programs subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Programs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Democracy_Now!" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Democracy_Now!"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span><i>Democracy Now!</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Democracy_Now!-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_Pacifica_programming:_2000-2006" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_Pacifica_programming:_2000-2006"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Other Pacifica programming: 2000-2006</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_Pacifica_programming:_2000-2006-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Initiatives_2007-2008" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Initiatives_2007-2008"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Initiatives 2007-2008</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Initiatives_2007-2008-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recent_programming" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recent_programming"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Recent programming</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recent_programming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pacifica_Radio_Archives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pacifica_Radio_Archives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Pacifica Radio Archives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pacifica_Radio_Archives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pacifica-owned_stations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pacifica-owned_stations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Pacifica-owned stations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pacifica-owned_stations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Pacifica+Foundation%22">"Pacifica Foundation"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Pacifica+Foundation%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Pacifica+Foundation%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Pacifica+Foundation%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Pacifica+Foundation%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Pacifica+Foundation%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Pacifica Network</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Pacifica_Logo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/85/Pacifica_Logo.jpg/220px-Pacifica_Logo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/85/Pacifica_Logo.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="79" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Public_broadcasting" title="Public broadcasting">Public radio network</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div style="display:inline;" class="country-name">United States</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Broadcast area</div></th><td class="infobox-data label">Nationwide</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data">Los Angeles, California</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: #202122;">Ownership</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner</th><td class="infobox-data">Pacifica Foundation</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: #202122;">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1946<span class="noprint">; 78 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1946</span>)</span> <br />by <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Hill_(radio_company_founder)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lewis Hill (radio company founder)">Lewis Hill</a> and E. John Lewis</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch date</th><td class="infobox-data">April 15, 1949<span class="noprint"> (75 years ago)</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1949-04-15</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: #202122;">Coverage</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Availability</th><td class="infobox-data">Global</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: #202122;">Links</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pacifica.org">www<wbr />.pacifica<wbr />.org</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Pacifica Foundation</b> is an American <a href="/wiki/Nonprofit_organization" title="Nonprofit organization">nonprofit organization</a> that owns five independently operated, <a href="/wiki/Non-commercial_educational" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-commercial educational">non-commercial</a>, listener-supported radio stations known for their <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_progressivism" class="mw-redirect" title="Contemporary progressivism">progressive</a>/liberal<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> political orientation. Its national headquarters adjoins station <a href="/wiki/KPFK" title="KPFK">KPFK</a> in <a href="/wiki/North_Hollywood" class="mw-redirect" title="North Hollywood">North Hollywood</a>, California. </p><p>Pacifica Foundation also operates the <b>Pacifica Network</b>, a program service supplying over 200 affiliated stations with various programs, primarily news and public affairs.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was the first <a href="/wiki/Public_radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Public radio">public radio</a> network in the United States and it is the world's oldest listener-funded radio network.<sup id="cite_ref-PaFouCert_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PaFouCert-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Meikle_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meikle-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Programs such as <i><a href="/wiki/Democracy_Now!" title="Democracy Now!">Democracy Now!</a></i> and <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_Speech_Radio_News&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Free Speech Radio News (page does not exist)">Free Speech Radio News</a></i> have been some of its most popular productions.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_history">Early history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacifica_Foundation&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pacifica_Foundation&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Pacifica was founded in 1946 by <a href="/wiki/Pacifism" title="Pacifism">pacifists</a> E. John Lewis and <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Hill_(radio_company_founder)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lewis Hill (radio company founder)">Lewis Hill</a>. During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, both of them had filed for <a href="/wiki/Conscientious_objector" title="Conscientious objector">conscientious objector</a> status.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the war, Lewis, Hill and a small group of former conscientious objectors created the Pacifica Foundation in the town of <a href="/wiki/Pacifica,_California" title="Pacifica, California">Pacifica, California</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="San Francisco Bay Area">San Francisco Bay Area</a>. Their first station, <a href="/wiki/KPFA" title="KPFA">KPFA</a> in Berkeley, commenced broadcasting in 1949. By 1977, the network had added <a href="/wiki/WBAI" title="WBAI">WBAI</a> in New York City, <a href="/wiki/KPFK" title="KPFK">KPFK</a> in Los Angeles, <a href="/wiki/WPFW" title="WPFW">WPFW</a> in Washington, DC, and <a href="/wiki/KPFT" title="KPFT">KPFT</a> in Houston.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="FCC_v._Pacifica_Foundation">FCC v. Pacifica Foundation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacifica_Foundation&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: FCC v. Pacifica Foundation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/FCC_v._Pacifica_Foundation" title="FCC v. Pacifica Foundation">FCC v. Pacifica Foundation</a></div> <p>In 1973, one of Pacifica's stations, WBAI, broadcast comedian <a href="/wiki/George_Carlin" title="George Carlin">George Carlin</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Filthy_Words" class="mw-redirect" title="Filthy Words">Filthy Words</a></i> routine uncensored. Following a listener complaint, Pacifica received a letter of reprimand from the <a href="/wiki/FCC" class="mw-redirect" title="FCC">FCC</a>, censuring them for allegedly violating broadcast regulations which prohibited airing indecent material.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The foundation took the matter to the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Supreme Court">U.S. Supreme Court</a> in <a href="/wiki/FCC_v._Pacifica_Foundation" title="FCC v. Pacifica Foundation">FCC v. Pacifica Foundation</a> and lost in a 5–4 decision. This became a landmark moment in the history of <a href="/wiki/Free_speech" class="mw-redirect" title="Free speech">free speech</a>, and the case continues to define the power of the government over broadcast material it calls indecent.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governance">Governance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacifica_Foundation&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Governance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pacifica_National_Board">Pacifica National Board</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacifica_Foundation&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Pacifica National Board"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Empty_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>This section is empty.</b> You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pacifica_Foundation&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Local_Station_Boards">Local Station Boards</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacifica_Foundation&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Local Station Boards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In two years during a three-year cycle, subscribers and station staff at each station vote to elect the Local Station Board, as required by the Pacifica Foundation bylaws.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The local station boards have support and advisory duties for their station. They also elect members from their body to serve on the Pacifica Foundation's national board of directors. The full local station board meets monthly, and committees of the local station board meet on both regular and ad hoc bases. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Internal_conflicts">Internal conflicts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacifica_Foundation&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Internal conflicts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1990s–2002"><span id="1990s.E2.80.932002"></span>1990s–2002</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacifica_Foundation&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 1990s–2002"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For most of its history, Pacifica gave each of its stations independent control of programming. During the 1990s, a major controversy arose over rumors that the Pacifica National Board and national staff were attempting to centralize control of content, to increase audience. The rumors included accusations that the board proposed changing the network's funding model away from a reliance exclusively on listener donations and toward a mix of listener donations and corporate foundation funding similar to that of <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a>. There were also accusations that the Board was considering selling both KPFA and WBAI in New York City, which operate on commercial-band FM frequencies (94.1 and 99.5, respectively) worth hundreds of millions of dollars.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This led to years of conflict, including court cases, public demonstrations, firings and strikes of station staff, whose common plight inspired creation of <a href="/wiki/Radio4all.net" title="Radio4all.net">Radio4all.net</a> to preserve what they saw as the original spirit of Pacifica. Many listeners of the individual stations, especially KPFA and WBAI, objected to what they saw as an attempt to tone down the overtly left-leaning political content on Pacifica stations. The controversy included highly publicized ideologically-charged disputes between grassroots listener organizations and <a href="/wiki/Mary_Frances_Berry" title="Mary Frances Berry">Mary Frances Berry</a>, a former chairperson of the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Commission_on_Civil_Rights" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Commission on Civil Rights">U.S. Commission on Civil Rights</a>, who chaired Pacifica's national board at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The board eventually was embroiled in counter-lawsuits by board members and listener-sponsors and, after global settlement of the lawsuits in November 2001, an interim board was formed to craft new bylaws, which it did in two tumultuous years of national debates among thousands of listener-sponsors and activists, finally giving listener-sponsors the right and responsibility to elect new <a href="/wiki/Local_Station_Board" class="mw-redirect" title="Local Station Board">Local Station Boards</a> at each of the five Pacifica stations. These local boards in turn elect the national board of directors. Aside from some minor changes, the same 2003 bylaws remain in effect today.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2002–2009"><span id="2002.E2.80.932009"></span>2002–2009</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacifica_Foundation&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 2002–2009"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pacifica National News director <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dan_Coughlin_(director)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dan Coughlin (director) (page does not exist)">Dan Coughlin (director)</a> was voted Interim Executive Director of the network in 2002 (the "Interim" was later dropped). The years of internal legal battles and financial mismanagement<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. (October 2024)">by whom?</span></a></i>]</sup> had taken a toll.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In 2005, Coughlin resigned<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The reason for this is unclear. (October 2024)">why?</span></a></i>]</sup>, the network was still largely disorganized<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>, and Pacifica reverted to operating with an interim executive director for most of the year.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In January 2006, Pacifica hired <a href="/w/index.php?title=Greg_Guma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greg Guma (page does not exist)">Greg Guma</a> as the next executive director of the Pacifica Foundation. By the end of the year, the Foundation had fully recovered its financial health and had launched two new national programs: <i>Informativo Pacifica</i>, a daily Spanish Language newscast, and <i>From the Vault</i>, a weekly program drawn from Pacifica's extensive audio archives. Pacifica also produced <i>Informed Dissent</i>, a ten-week series for the 2006 mid-term elections that drew from talent across the network. Guma left his post in September 2007<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The reason for this is unclear. (October 2024)">why?</span></a></i>]</sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pacifica's National Board unanimously chose former KPFA general manager <a href="/wiki/Nicole_Sawaya" title="Nicole Sawaya">Nicole Sawaya</a> as the next executive director. Sawaya had been among the staff members fired by the national board in 1999 amidst Pacifica's internal crisis. Sawaya began her tenure as executive director in mid-November 2007, but abruptly changed her mind two weeks later. Pacifica historian Matthew Lasar said she "found the level of internecine dysfunction at Pacifica overwhelming, and fled her job."<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The Pacifica National Board spent the next several months negotiating with her, and Sawaya resumed her job on March 5, 2008. She resigned effective September 30, citing "dysfunctional" governance and "shoddy and opaque" business practices that had plunged the organization into a financial crisis.<sup id="cite_ref-Pacifica.org_Nicole_Sawaya_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pacifica.org_Nicole_Sawaya-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-urlSawaya_quits_[sigh]_-_LLFCC.NET_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-urlSawaya_quits_[sigh]_-_LLFCC.NET-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-urlSawaya_unquits_-_LLFCC.NET_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-urlSawaya_unquits_-_LLFCC.NET-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sawaya's departure was followed by major staff layoffs. In 2009, Pacifica Board chair Grace Aaron became interim executive director, former board member LaVarn Williams replaced Lonnie Hicks as chief financial officer, and the national office took control of WBAI in New York. Aaron appointed Williams acting GM of WBAI in May, and Hicks filed a lawsuit against the foundation alleging that he was dismissed because he is African American and a <a href="/wiki/Whistleblower" class="mw-redirect" title="Whistleblower">whistleblower</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Financial_situation_in_the_2010s">Financial situation in the 2010s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacifica_Foundation&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Financial situation in the 2010s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On August 9, 2013, Pacifica interim executive director Summer Reese announced that due to financial problems, Pacifica-owned radio station WBAI-FM in New York was laying off about two-thirds of its staff, effective August 12, 2013. The entire news department was reportedly included in the layoff.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After Pacifica's board of directors completed the 2016 board year with the exclusion of 75% of WBAI's board representation, it then moved to decertify Pacifica's 2016 board elections, which had been won handily by the independent faction not in power. The new 2017 board of directors replaced interim executive director Lydia Brazon with KPFT director Bill Crosier and reinstated WBAI's delegation.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>On Friday, October 6, 2017, Pacifica lost a $1.8 million settlement over what they claimed was price gouging by Empire State Realty Trust (ESRT), which had been raising antenna rental charges for WBAI at 9% per year for the last 12 years under a 15-year lease WBAI signed in 2005 that did not expire until 2020. The rent was set at more than half a million dollars annually, which Pacifica claimed was approximately 4 times the current market rent for Midtown Manhattan antenna rentals. Pacifica Radio's WBAI has housed its transmitter on the <a href="/wiki/Empire_State_Building" title="Empire State Building">Empire State Building</a> since 1966. The 9% annual rental increases were facilitated by the destruction of the twin towers on September 11, 2001, which dramatically reduced space available for comparable antennas. The ruling encumbered all of Pacifica's assets including KPFA and KPFB in Berkeley, KPFK in Los Angeles, WPFW in Washington, DC, and KPFT in Houston in addition to WBAI in New York City but does not affect the assets of any of its affiliates.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On April 6, 2018, The Pacifica Foundation announced the settlement on a series of agreements that release WBAI, the organization's New York radio station, from a court judgment as well as the last two years of its lease at the Empire State Building as of May 31, 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Foundation later completed an agreement to relocate its transmission facility to a new site nearby. </p><p>On October 8, 2019, it was announced that WBAI's local operations were abruptly shut down.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their programming was superseded by Pacifica Across America: a compilation of work from sister stations and other sources; <i><a href="/wiki/Democracy_Now!" title="Democracy Now!">Democracy Now!</a></i> continued to be broadcast. </p><p>The 2019 WBAI shutdown was litigated in the fall of 2019. The <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="New York State Supreme Court">New York State Supreme Court</a> ruled in November 2019 that the WBAI shutdown by then-executive director John Vernile was executed "ultra vires" (without the proper authority) and ordered the station re-opened.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Programs">Programs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacifica_Foundation&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Programs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Democracy_Now!"><span id="Democracy_Now.21"></span><i>Democracy Now!</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacifica_Foundation&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Democracy Now!"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A show that for years has been considered the flagship of Pacifica Radio's national programming is <i><a href="/wiki/Democracy_Now!" title="Democracy Now!">Democracy Now!</a></i>, an independent news organization that covers democracy, human rights and <a href="/wiki/Justice" title="Justice">justice</a> issues, and questions the motives of U.S. foreign and domestic policy. Hosted by <a href="/wiki/Amy_Goodman" title="Amy Goodman">Amy Goodman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Juan_Gonzalez_(journalist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Juan Gonzalez (journalist)">Juan González</a>, this program is a compilation of news, interviews, and documentaries. <i>Democracy Now!</i> is heard and seen on more than 700 radio and TV stations across the U.S. including <a href="/wiki/Public-access_television" title="Public-access television">public-access television</a> stations and satellite television channels <a href="/wiki/Free_Speech_TV" title="Free Speech TV">Free Speech TV</a> and <a href="/wiki/Link_TV" title="Link TV">Link TV</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/WDEV" title="WDEV">WDEV</a>, based in <a href="/wiki/Waterbury,_Vermont" title="Waterbury, Vermont">Waterbury, Vermont</a>, is the only commercial radio station in the U.S. that carries the program<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—even though it is also heard in north-central Vermont over Pacifica affiliate <a href="/wiki/WGDR" title="WGDR">WGDR</a> in Plainfield and its sister station, <a href="/wiki/WGDH" title="WGDH">WGDH</a> in Hardwick.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2002, as Pacifica implemented its new listener-sponsor-accountability structure and as Pacifica and <i>Democracy Now!</i> settled outstanding disputes from previous years, <i>Democracy Now!</i> spun off with substantial funding from Pacifica to become an independent production.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_Pacifica_programming:_2000-2006">Other Pacifica programming: 2000-2006</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacifica_Foundation&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Other Pacifica programming: 2000-2006"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Pacifica network, in addition to extensive community-based productions at its various stations around the United States, also featured a daily newscast <i>Free Speech Radio News</i> from 2003-2013.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <i>FSRN</i> was a radio program founded by Pacifica Reporters Against Censorship, a group of mostly <i>Pacifica Network News</i> reporters who went on strike against the Pacifica board policies of the late 1990s. <i>FSRN</i> was primarily funded by Pacifica, and includes headlines and news features produced by reporters based around the U.S. and in scores of countries around the world. In September 2013, the board of directors of FSRN issued a lay-off notice to all staff, and confirmed that their last broadcast would take place on September 27, 2013. The board cited financial difficulties as the reason for the decision.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2006, Pacifica added two new national programs: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=From_the_Vault_(radio_program)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="From the Vault (radio program) (page does not exist)">From the Vault</a></i> from the Pacifica Radio Archives, a weekly program that thematically repackages<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (February 2020)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> archival material, making it relevant to contemporary listeners; and <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Informativo_Pacifica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Informativo Pacifica (page does not exist)">Informativo Pacifica</a></i>, based at <a href="/wiki/KPFK" title="KPFK">KPFK</a> in Los Angeles, a daily Spanish-language newscast that includes reporters from the U.S. and many Latin American countries.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Initiatives_2007-2008">Initiatives 2007-2008</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacifica_Foundation&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Initiatives 2007-2008"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>In 2007, the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Communications_Commission" title="Federal Communications Commission">Federal Communications Commission</a> (FCC) announced that it would accept new applications for non-commercial radio licenses for the first time in more than a decade. In response, Pacifica joined forces with other advocates for independent media in the "Radio for People" campaign, helping local groups apply for these full-power licenses.</li> <li>Pacifica has<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (February 2020)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> expanded its schedule of national special broadcasts, distributing more audio documentaries, covering the Attorney General <a href="/wiki/Alberto_Gonzales" title="Alberto Gonzales">Alberto Gonzales</a> hearings live, and sending production teams to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Social_Forum" title="United States Social Forum">United States Social Forum</a> and the National Conference for Media Reform.</li> <li>Pacifica expanded<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (February 2020)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> its offerings in multiple media platforms, using "<a href="/wiki/Web_2.0" title="Web 2.0">Web 2.0</a>" technology. In September 2007, one interactive website, KPFA's Warcomeshome.org, began to offer hard-hitting stories from reporter <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Glantz" title="Aaron Glantz">Aaron Glantz</a> about the human costs of the <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a>, as well as innovative ways of contributing to, and distributing information about, the impact of the conflict.</li> <li>Pacifica suspended regular programming for three days to air a live broadcast of the <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a> <a href="/wiki/Winter_Soldier:_Iraq_%26_Afghanistan" title="Winter Soldier: Iraq & Afghanistan">Winter Soldier event</a> in <a href="/wiki/Silver_Spring,_Maryland" title="Silver Spring, Maryland">Silver Spring, Maryland</a> from March 14 through March 16, 2008. The broadcast was co-anchored by journalist <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Glantz" title="Aaron Glantz">Aaron Glantz</a> and KPFA Morning Show host <a href="/wiki/Aimee_Allison" title="Aimee Allison">Aimee Allison</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recent_programming">Recent programming</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacifica_Foundation&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Recent programming"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Local Pacifica stations produce<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (February 2020)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> many programs that are available to network stations and affiliates. These include: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sprouts_(radio)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sprouts (radio) (page does not exist)">Sprouts</a></i>, a weekly showcase of producers and stations around the network, often in documentary format; <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Explorations_in_Science&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Explorations in Science (page does not exist)">Explorations in Science</a></i> with Dr. <a href="/wiki/Michio_Kaku" title="Michio Kaku">Michio Kaku</a>, a weekly radio program on science, politics, and the environment; Dennis Bernstein's <i><a href="/wiki/Flashpoints_(radio_program)" title="Flashpoints (radio program)">Flashpoints</a></i>, a daily drive-time public affairs program; <i>Against The Grain</i> a progressive and radical commentary program; and many other regular programs. </p><p>Pacifica also produces <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (February 2020)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> a wide variety of special broadcasts, including live coverage of major U.S. Congressional hearings, national mobilizations against war, and other important events, such as the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Social_Forum" title="United States Social Forum">United States Social Forum</a>. Special programs also include news documentaries, holidays and commemorations, and archival audio from the Pacifica Radio Archives. </p><p>Pacifica distributes program content via the Audioport system.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pacifica_Radio_Archives">Pacifica Radio Archives</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacifica_Foundation&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Pacifica Radio Archives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Pacifica Radio Archives, housed at station <a href="/wiki/KPFK" title="KPFK">KPFK</a> in Los Angeles, is the oldest public radio archive in the United States<sup id="cite_ref-PaFouCert_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PaFouCert-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> documenting more than five decades of grassroots political, cultural, and performing arts history. The archive includes recordings of interviews with <a href="/wiki/John_Coltrane" title="John Coltrane">John Coltrane</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Baldwin" title="James Baldwin">James Baldwin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lorraine_Hansberry" title="Lorraine Hansberry">Lorraine Hansberry</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Langston_Hughes" title="Langston Hughes">Langston Hughes</a>, among many others. The Pacifica Radio Archives were featured in their own 30-minute slot on <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_5_Live" title="BBC Radio 5 Live">BBC Radio 5 Live</a>'s (now defunct) <i><a href="/wiki/Up_All_Night_(radio_show)" title="Up All Night (radio show)">Up All Night</a></i> program.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pacifica-owned_stations">Pacifica-owned stations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacifica_Foundation&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Pacifica-owned stations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Pacifica-owned stations are listed below in alphabetical order by state and <a href="/wiki/Community_of_license" class="mw-redirect" title="Community of license">community of license</a>. </p><p>Note: All stations except for WBAI were <a href="/wiki/Construction_permit#broadcasting" class="mw-redirect" title="Construction permit">built</a> and <a href="/wiki/Broadcast_license" title="Broadcast license">signed-on</a> by the Pacifica Foundation. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th><i>City of license/market</i> </th> <th><i>Station</i> </th> <th><i>Owned since</i> </th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Template:San_Francisco_Radio" title="Template:San Francisco Radio">Berkeley, California</a><br />(San Francisco <a href="/wiki/Bay_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Bay Area">Bay Area</a>) </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/KPFA" title="KPFA">KPFA</a>–94.1</b> </td> <td>1949 </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"> <td><b>KPFB–89.3</b> </td> <td>1954 </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Template:Los_Angeles_Radio" title="Template:Los Angeles Radio">Los Angeles</a> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/KPFK" title="KPFK">KPFK</a>–90.7</b> </td> <td>1959<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Template:Radio_in_New_York_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Radio in New York City">New York City</a> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/WBAI" title="WBAI">WBAI</a>–99.5</b> </td> <td>1960<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Template:Houston_Radio" title="Template:Houston Radio">Houston</a> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/KPFT" title="KPFT">KPFT</a>–90.1</b> </td> <td>1970 </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Template:Washington_Radio" title="Template:Washington Radio">Washington, D.C.</a> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/WPFW" title="WPFW">WPFW</a>–89.3</b> </td> <td>1977<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacifica_Foundation&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/FCC_v._Pacifica_Foundation" title="FCC v. Pacifica Foundation">FCC v. Pacifica Foundation</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Pacifica_Radio_stations_and_affiliates" title="List of Pacifica Radio stations and affiliates">List of Pacifica Radio stations and affiliates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio4all.net" title="Radio4all.net">Radio4all.net</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Federation_of_Community_Broadcasters" title="National Federation of Community Broadcasters">National Federation of Community Broadcasters</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacifica_Foundation&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLasar2000" class="citation book cs1">Lasar, Matthew (2000). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/pacificaradioris00lasa"><i>Pacifica Radio: The Rise of an Alternative Network</i></a></span>. Temple University. p. viii. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56639-777-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-56639-777-4"><bdi>1-56639-777-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 22,</span> 2012</span>. <q>Pacifica Radio liberal.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pacifica+Radio%3A+The+Rise+of+an+Alternative+Network&rft.pages=viii&rft.pub=Temple+University&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=1-56639-777-4&rft.aulast=Lasar&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpacificaradioris00lasa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APacifica+Foundation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716122504/http://tunein.com/radio/Progressive-c57925/">"Progressive Radio"</a>. TuneIN. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 31,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Pacifica+Affiliate+Network+-+Pacifica+Network&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpacificanetwork.org%2Fabout-affiliates-network%2Fpacifica-network-history%2Fhistory-of-pap%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APacifica+Foundation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PaFouCert-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PaFouCert_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PaFouCert_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://files.fcc.gov/download/a9d368a3-87a5-4df9-969c-43773d36e25d.pdf">"Pacifica Foundation - Certificate of Incorporation"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>State of California - Office of the Secretary of State</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=State+of+California+-+Office+of+the+Secretary+of+State&rft.atitle=Pacifica+Foundation+-+Certificate+of+Incorporation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffiles.fcc.gov%2Fdownload%2Fa9d368a3-87a5-4df9-969c-43773d36e25d.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APacifica+Foundation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Meikle-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Meikle_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeikle2002" class="citation book cs1">Meikle, Graham (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Len0dbPVzvAC&pg=PA71"><i>Future Active: Media Activism and the Internet</i></a>. Psychology Press. p. 71. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-94322-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-94322-2"><bdi>978-0-415-94322-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Future+Active%3A+Media+Activism+and+the+Internet&rft.pages=71&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-415-94322-2&rft.aulast=Meikle&rft.aufirst=Graham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLen0dbPVzvAC%26pg%3DPA71&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APacifica+Foundation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Pacifica-Radio">"Pacifica Radio | American Nonprofit Radio Network | Britannica"</a>. <i>www.britannica.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 22,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sawaya+leaves+Pacifica%2C+publishes+regretful+critique&rft.pub=American+University+School+of+Communication&rft.date=2008-09-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcurrentpublicmedia.blogspot.com%2F2008%2F09%2Fsawaya-leaves-pacifica-publishes.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APacifica+Foundation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ben Sisario, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/12/business/media/wbai-fm-lays-off-most-of-staff.html">"WBAI-FM Lays Off Most of Staff"</a>, August 11, 2013, <i>The New York Times</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.commondreams.org/newswire/2017/10/06/court-protects-esrts-lease-terms-pacificas-non-profit-wbai-radio-nyc-denies"><i>Court Protects ESRT's Lease Terms for Pacifica's Non-Profit WBAI Radio in NYC – Denies "Unconscionability" Motion</i></a>, Common Dreams, October 6, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 11,</span> 2018</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Court+Protects+ESRT%27s+Lease+Terms+for+Pacifica%27s+Non-Profit+WBAI+Radio+in+NYC+%E2%80%93+Denies+%22Unconscionability%22+Motion&rft.pub=Common+Dreams&rft.date=2017-10-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.commondreams.org%2Fnewswire%2F2017%2F10%2F06%2Fcourt-protects-esrts-lease-terms-pacificas-non-profit-wbai-radio-nyc-denies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APacifica+Foundation" class="Z3988"></span> For more information on what has happened since the October 6, 2017, court ruling, see <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kfcf.org/whats-up-with-pacifica-radio/"><i>What's Up with Pacifica Radio? WTF Pacifica?</i></a>, Fresno, CA: KFCF, January 2, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 11,</span> 2018</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What%27s+Up+with+Pacifica+Radio%3F+WTF+Pacifica%3F&rft.place=Fresno%2C+CA&rft.pub=KFCF&rft.date=2018-01-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kfcf.org%2Fwhats-up-with-pacifica-radio%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APacifica+Foundation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wbai.org/articles.php?article=3570">"Pacifica Announces Settlement with Empire State Building and Empire State Realty Trust"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pacifica+Announces+Settlement+with+Empire+State+Building+and+Empire+State+Realty+Trust&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wbai.org%2Farticles.php%3Farticle%3D3570&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APacifica+Foundation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Leonard Greene. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/ny-wbai-radio-shutdown-20191007-k4jt6xqisfg3dmarhhzhkxjwau-story.html">Community radio station WBAI shuts down amid financial woes</a>. <i>Daily News</i> (New York), October 7, 2019</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pacificainexile.org/archives/2839">"NY Supreme Court Transcript Released | Pacifica in Exile"</a>. 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-BC-IDX/59-OCR/1959-11-30-BC-0058.pdf">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"WBAI (FM) given away." <i>Broadcasting</i>, November 30, 1959, pg. 58"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22WBAI+%28FM%29+given+away.%22+Broadcasting%2C+November+30%2C+1959%2C+pg.+58&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanradiohistory.com%2FArchive-BC-IDX%2F59-OCR%2F1959-11-30-BC-0058.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APacifica+Foundation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1960/BC-1960-01-04.pdf">"Gift granted." <i>Broadcasting</i>, January 4, 1960, pg. 36</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1959/1959-07-27-BC.pdf">"On the air." <i>Broadcasting</i>, March 14, 1977, pg. 38</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacifica_Foundation&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Lasar, Matthew, <i>Pacifica Radio: The Rise of an Alternative Network</i>, <a href="/wiki/Temple_University_Press" title="Temple University Press">Temple University Press</a>, April 2000. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56639-777-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-56639-777-4">1-56639-777-4</a></li> <li>Lasar, Matthew, <i>Uneasy Listening: Pacifica Radio's Civil War</i>, Black Apollo, October 2005. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-900355-45-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-900355-45-0">1-900355-45-0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Walker" title="Jesse Walker">Walker, Jesse</a>, <i>Rebels on the Air: An Alternative History of Radio in America</i>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_University_Press" title="New York University Press">New York University Press</a>, June 2004</li> <li>KPFK.***.commentators.HERE [2016-2017] <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://KPFKcommentators.blogspot.com">[1]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacifica_Foundation&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pacifica.org/">Pacifica.org</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pacificanetwork.org/">Pacifica Network stations and affiliates</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pacificaradioarchives.org/">Pacifica Radio Archives</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fsrn.org/"><i>Free Speech Radio News</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.radioforpeople.org">Radio for People</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kpfahistory.info">KPFA: A Historical Footnote.</a> Seventy-five hours of programs and interviews from the 1960s.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.radio4all.net/index.php/series/Unwelcome+Guests">Unwelcome Guests archive</a> at radio4all</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whitings-writings.com/lengthening_shadow.htm"><i>The Lengthening Shadow: Lewis Hill and the Origins of Listener-Sponsored Radio in America</i></a> at Whitings Writings</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/pacifica_radio_archives">Pacifica Radio Archives</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://americanarchive.org/participating-orgs/NCSG43">Pacifica Radio Archives</a> materials at <a href="/wiki/American_Archive_of_Public_Broadcasting" title="American Archive of Public Broadcasting">American Archive of Public Broadcasting</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archives.lib.umd.edu/repositories/2/resources/678">Pacifica Foundation records</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Maryland_Libraries" title="University of Maryland Libraries">University of Maryland Libraries</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pacifica_Radio_Network" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pacifica_Radio" title="Template:Pacifica Radio"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pacifica_Radio" title="Template talk:Pacifica Radio"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pacifica_Radio" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pacifica Radio"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pacifica_Radio_Network" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pacifica Radio Network</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KPFA" title="KPFA">KPFA/KPFB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KPFK" title="KPFK">KPFK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WBAI" title="WBAI">WBAI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KPFT" title="KPFT">KPFT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WPFW" title="WPFW">WPFW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KFCF" class="mw-redirect" title="KFCF">KFCF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Pacifica_Radio_stations_and_affiliates" title="List of Pacifica Radio stations and affiliates">Affiliates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Programs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-style:italic;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africa_Now!" title="Africa Now!">Africa Now!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Alternative Radio">Alternative Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WPKN" title="WPKN">Between the Lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CounterSpin_(radio_program)" class="mw-redirect" title="CounterSpin (radio program)">CounterSpin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_Now!" title="Democracy Now!">Democracy Now!</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hearts_of_Space" title="Hearts of Space">Hearts of Space</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hour_of_the_Wolf_(radio_show)" title="Hour of the Wolf (radio show)">Hour of the Wolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michio_Kaku" title="Michio Kaku">Explorations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flashpoints_(radio_program)" title="Flashpoints (radio program)">Flashpoints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_and_Disorder_(radio_program)" title="Law and Disorder (radio program)">Law and Disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Off_the_Hook_(radio_program)" title="Off the Hook (radio program)">Off the Hook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Out_FM" title="Out FM">Out FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Over_the_Edge_(radio_program)" title="Over the Edge (radio program)">Over the Edge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Something%27s_Happening" title="Something's Happening">Something's Happening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakeup_Call_(WBAI)" title="Wakeup Call (WBAI)">Wakeup Call</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Personnel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cat_Brooks" title="Cat Brooks">Cat Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deepa_Fernandes" title="Deepa Fernandes">Deepa Fernandes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_B._Feldman" title="David B. Feldman">David B. Feldman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Foley_(poet)" title="Jack Foley (poet)">Jack Foley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Freund" title="Jim Freund">Jim Freund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amy_Goodman" title="Amy Goodman">Amy Goodman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Gonz%C3%A1lez_(journalist)" title="Juan González (journalist)">Juan González</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doug_Henwood" title="Doug Henwood">Doug Henwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michio_Kaku" title="Michio Kaku">Michio Kaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sasha_Lilley" title="Sasha Lilley">Sasha Lilley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mwiza_Munthali" title="Mwiza Munthali">Mwiza Munthali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Scahill" title="Jeremy Scahill">Jeremy Scahill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rickey_Vincent" title="Rickey Vincent">Rickey Vincent</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margot_Adler" title="Margot Adler">Margot Adler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aimee_Allison" title="Aimee Allison">Aimee Allison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Amirkhanian" title="Charles Amirkhanian">Charles Amirkhanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_Bauersfeld" title="Erik Bauersfeld">Erik Bauersfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Bensky" title="Larry Bensky">Larry Bensky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Frances_Berry" title="Mary Frances Berry">Mary Frances Berry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blase_Bonpane" title="Blase Bonpane">Blase Bonpane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Brown" title="Jerry Brown">Jerry Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Bustany" title="Don Bustany">Don Bustany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratap_Chatterjee" title="Pratap Chatterjee">Pratap Chatterjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Cooper" title="Marc Cooper">Marc Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Fass" title="Bob Fass">Bob Fass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurie_Garrett" title="Laurie Garrett">Laurie Garrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adi_Gevins" title="Adi Gevins">Adi Gevins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Glantz" title="Aaron Glantz">Aaron Glantz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Ray_Healey" title="Dorothy Ray Healey">Dorothy Healey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Hill_(Pacifica_Radio)" title="Lewis Hill (Pacifica Radio)">Lewis Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Hill_(broadcaster)" title="Stephen Hill (broadcaster)">Stephen Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_Kael" title="Pauline Kael">Pauline Kael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saul_Landau" title="Saul Landau">Saul Landau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_A._Lupoff" title="Richard A. Lupoff">Richard A. Lupoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharon_Maeda" title="Sharon Maeda">Sharon Maeda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julianne_Malveaux" title="Julianne Malveaux">Julianne Malveaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Mandel" title="William Mandel">William Mandel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_O%27Dell" title="Jack O'Dell">Jack O'Dell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Pryor" title="Richard Pryor">Richard Pryor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Rexroth" title="Kenneth Rexroth">Kenneth Rexroth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicole_Sawaya" title="Nicole Sawaya">Nicole Sawaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Strachwitz" title="Chris Strachwitz">Chris Strachwitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elsa_Knight_Thompson" title="Elsa Knight Thompson">Elsa Knight Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Tuckman" title="Roy Tuckman">Roy Tuckman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Watts" title="Alan Watts">Alan Watts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/FCC_v._Pacifica_Foundation" title="FCC v. Pacifica Foundation">FCC v. Pacifica Foundation</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_broadcasting#United_States" title="Public broadcasting">Public broadcasting in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Federation_of_Community_Broadcasters" title="National Federation of Community Broadcasters">National Federation of Community Broadcasters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Public_broadcasting_in_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link 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class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Corporation_for_Public_Broadcasting" title="Corporation for Public Broadcasting">Corporation for Public Broadcasting</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Radio syndicators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Public_Media" title="American Public Media">American Public Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pacifica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Radio_Exchange" title="Public Radio Exchange">Public Radio Exchange</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terrestrial television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Public_Television" title="American Public Television">American PTV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Create_(TV_network)" title="Create (TV network)">Create</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="World (TV channel)">World</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PBS_Kids" title="PBS Kids">Kids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Nations_Experience" title="First Nations Experience">FNX</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cable and satellite</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classic_Arts_Showcase" title="Classic Arts Showcase">Classic Arts Showcase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Speech_TV" title="Free Speech TV">Free Speech TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_TV" title="NASA TV">NASA TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PBS_Satellite_Service" title="PBS Satellite Service">PBS Satellite Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCOLA_(TV_service)" title="SCOLA (TV service)">SCOLA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Statewide networks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Radio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Public_Media" title="Alaska Public Media">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Public_Radio" title="Colorado Public Radio">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WNPR" title="WNPR">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Public_Broadcasting#GPB_Radio" title="Georgia Public Broadcasting">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaii_Public_Radio" title="Hawaii Public Radio">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_Public_Radio" title="Iowa Public Radio">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maine_Public_Broadcasting_Network#Radio_stations" title="Maine Public Broadcasting Network">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Public_Radio" title="Minnesota Public Radio">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Public_Broadcasting#MPB_Radio" title="Mississippi Public Broadcasting">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebraska_Educational_Telecommunications#Radio_stations" class="mw-redirect" title="Nebraska Educational Telecommunications">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada_Public_Radio" title="Nevada Public Radio">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_Public_Radio" title="New Hampshire Public Radio">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prairie_Public_Radio" title="Prairie Public Radio">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Public_Broadcasting" title="Oregon Public Broadcasting">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island_Public_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhode Island Public Radio">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_Public_Radio" title="South Carolina Public Radio">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Dakota_Public_Broadcasting#Radio_stations" title="South Dakota Public Broadcasting">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KUSU-FM" title="KUSU-FM">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermont_Public" title="Vermont Public">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia_Public_Broadcasting#Radio" title="West Virginia Public Broadcasting">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Public_Radio" title="Wisconsin Public Radio">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyoming_Public_Radio" title="Wyoming Public Radio">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alabama_Public_Television" title="Alabama Public Television">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Public_Media" title="Alaska Public Media">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkansas_PBS" title="Arkansas PBS">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountain_PBS" title="Rocky Mountain PBS">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connecticut_Public_Television" title="Connecticut Public Television">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Public_Broadcasting" title="Georgia Public Broadcasting">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KHET" title="KHET">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho_Public_Television" title="Idaho Public Television">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_PBS" title="Iowa PBS">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Educational_Television" title="Kentucky Educational Television">Kentucky</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WKMJ-TV" title="WKMJ-TV">KET2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Public_Broadcasting" title="Louisiana Public Broadcasting">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maine_Public_Broadcasting_Network" title="Maine Public Broadcasting Network">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Public_Television" title="Maryland Public Television">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Public_Broadcasting" title="Mississippi Public Broadcasting">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montana_PBS" title="Montana PBS">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebraska_Educational_Telecommunications" class="mw-redirect" title="Nebraska Educational Telecommunications">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_PBS" title="New Hampshire PBS">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NJ_PBS" title="NJ PBS">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PBS_North_Carolina" title="PBS North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prairie_Public_Television" title="Prairie Public Television">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Educational_Television_Authority" title="Oklahoma Educational Television Authority">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Public_Broadcasting" title="Oregon Public Broadcasting">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico_Public_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Puerto Rico Public Broadcasting Corporation">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island_PBS" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhode Island PBS">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_Educational_Television" title="South Carolina Educational Television">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Dakota_Public_Broadcasting" title="South Dakota Public Broadcasting">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PBS_Utah" class="mw-redirect" title="PBS Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermont_Public" title="Vermont Public">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia_Public_Broadcasting" title="West Virginia Public Broadcasting">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PBS_Wisconsin" title="PBS Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyoming_PBS" title="Wyoming PBS">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional networks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Radio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alabama_Public_Radio" title="Alabama Public Radio">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boise_State_Public_Radio" title="Boise State Public Radio">Boise State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WCMU-FM" title="WCMU-FM">Central Michigan Univ.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WBEZ" title="WBEZ">Chicagoland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Plains_Public_Radio" title="High Plains Public Radio">High Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WBST#Indiana_Public_Radio" title="WBST">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interlochen_Public_Radio" title="Interlochen Public Radio">Interlochen (Northern Michigan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Public_Radio" title="Jefferson Public Radio">Jefferson (Southern Oregon/Northern California)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Michigan Radio">Michigan Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montana_Public_Radio" title="Montana Public Radio">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WFCR" title="WFCR">New England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Public_Radio" title="New Jersey Public Radio">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WUNC_(FM)" title="WUNC (FM)">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Country_Public_Radio" title="North Country Public Radio">North Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WAMC" title="WAMC">Northeast (Albany)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Public_Radio" title="Northern Public Radio">Northern (Illinois)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Public_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Northwest Public Radio">Northwest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WVTF" title="WVTF">Radio IQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_River_Radio" title="Red River Radio">Red River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellowstone_Public_Radio" title="Yellowstone Public Radio">Yellowstone Public</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Tennessee_PBS" class="mw-redirect" title="East Tennessee PBS">East Tennessee PBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milwaukee_PBS" title="Milwaukee PBS">Milwaukee PBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_Knowledge" class="mw-redirect" title="Network Knowledge">Network Knowledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KOZK" title="KOZK">Ozarks PTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KWCM-TV" title="KWCM-TV">Pioneer PBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WMTJ" title="WMTJ">Sistema TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoky_Hills_PBS" title="Smoky Hills PBS">Smoky Hills PBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Oregon_PBS" title="Southern Oregon PBS">Southern Oregon PBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WCMU-TV" title="WCMU-TV">WCMU Public Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WIPR-TV" title="WIPR-TV">WIPR-TV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Local non-commercial<br />independents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">School-owned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KRSU-TV" title="KRSU-TV">KRSU-TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KUEN" title="KUEN">KUEN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WBEC-TV" title="WBEC-TV">WBEC-TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WDSC-TV" title="WDSC-TV">WDSC-TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WEFS" title="WEFS">WEFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WILC-CD" title="WILC-CD">WILC-CD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WPDS-LD" title="WPDS-LD">WPDS-LD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WTVI" title="WTVI">WTVI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Community-operated</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KPJK" title="KPJK">KPJK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WLAE-TV" title="WLAE-TV">WLAE-TV</a></li> <li>WLMF-LD</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WNYE-TV" title="WNYE-TV">WNYE-TV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AlaskaOne" title="AlaskaOne">AlaskaOne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Public_Television_Network" title="Pennsylvania Public Television Network">PPTN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DoD_News_Channel" title="DoD News Channel">DoD News Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K07UF" title="K07UF">K07UF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K35DG-D" title="K35DG-D">K35DG-D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Link_TV" title="Link TV">Link TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MHz_Networks" title="MHz Networks">MHz Networks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MHz_Networks#MHz_WorldView" title="MHz Networks">MHz WorldView</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Network" title="New Jersey Network">NJN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Radio_International" title="Public Radio International">Public Radio International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W06BD" title="W06BD">W06BD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W07BP-D" class="mw-redirect" title="W07BP-D">W07BP-D</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Broadcast_radio_networks_in_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:American_broadcast_radio" title="Template:American broadcast radio"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:American_broadcast_radio" title="Template talk:American broadcast radio"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:American_broadcast_radio" title="Special:EditPage/Template:American broadcast radio"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Broadcast_radio_networks_in_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Radio_in_the_United_States" title="Radio in the United States">Broadcast radio networks in the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ABC_Audio" title="ABC Audio">ABC Audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compass_Media_Networks" title="Compass Media Networks">Compass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premiere_Networks" title="Premiere Networks">Premiere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salem_Radio_Network" title="Salem Radio Network">Salem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Stations_Radio_Networks" title="United Stations Radio Networks">United Stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westwood_One" title="Westwood One">Westwood One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uforia_Audio_Network" title="Uforia Audio Network">Uforia Audio Network</a> <ul><li>Spanish</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">State</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_News_Network" title="Georgia News Network">Georgia News Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Radio_Network" title="Louisiana Radio Network">Louisiana Radio Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Farm_Radio_Network" title="Michigan Farm Radio Network">Michigan Farm Radio Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Radio_Network" title="Michigan Radio Network">Michigan Radio Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Talk_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Michigan Talk Network">Michigan Talk Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_News_Network" title="North Carolina News Network">North Carolina News Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ONN_(radio)" title="ONN (radio)">Ohio News Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Point_(radio_network)" title="The Point (radio network)">The Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supertalk_Mississippi" title="Supertalk Mississippi">Supertalk Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_State_Network" title="Texas State Network">Texas State Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia_Radio_Corporation#West_Virginia_MetroNews" class="mw-redirect" title="West Virginia Radio Corporation">WV Metro News</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Specialty</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Urban_Radio_Networks" title="American Urban Radio Networks">AURN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WBBR" title="WBBR">Bloomberg Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CRN_Digital_Talk_Radio_Networks" title="CRN Digital Talk Radio Networks">CRN Digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_(radio_network)" title="Evolution (radio network)">Evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera_radio_broadcasts" title="Metropolitan Opera radio broadcasts">Metropolitan Opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Your_Life" title="Music of Your Life">Music of Your Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pride_Radio" title="Pride Radio">Pride Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_America_(United_States)" title="Radio America (United States)">Radio America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_One_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio One (company)">Radio One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_Broadcasting_Network" title="Republic Broadcasting Network">Republic Broadcasting Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA_Radio_Network" title="USA Radio Network">USA Radio Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WestStar_TalkRadio_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="WestStar TalkRadio Network">WestStar TalkRadio Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WFMT" title="WFMT">WFMT Radio Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Classical_Network" title="World Classical Network">World Classical Network</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religious_broadcasting" title="Religious broadcasting">Religious</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Three_Angels_Broadcasting_Network" title="Three Angels Broadcasting Network">3ABN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air1" title="Air1">Air1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Family_Radio" title="American Family Radio">AFR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bible_Broadcasting_Network" title="Bible Broadcasting Network">BBN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bott_Radio_Network" title="Bott Radio Network">BRN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvary_Radio_Network" title="Calvary Radio Network">Calvary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covenant_Network" title="Covenant Network">Covenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSN_International" title="CSN International">CSN International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effect_Radio" title="Effect Radio">Effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESNE_Radio" title="ESNE Radio">ESNE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eternal_Word_Television_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Eternal Word Television Network">EWTN Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_Life_Network" title="Family Life Network">Family Life Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_Life_Radio" title="Family Life Radio">Family Life Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_Radio" title="Family Radio">Family Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundamental_Broadcasting_Network" title="Fundamental Broadcasting Network">Fundamental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go_Mix!_Radio" title="Go Mix! Radio">Go Mix!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNN_Radio" title="GNN Radio">GNN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_Opportunities_Radio_Network" title="Gospel Opportunities Radio Network">Gospel Opportunities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadalupe_Radio_Network" title="Guadalupe Radio Network">Guadalupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K-Love" title="K-Love">K-Love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Kings_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Kings Radio">King of Kings Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Life_FM" title="The Life FM">The Life FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LifeTalk_Radio" title="LifeTalk Radio">LifeTalk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Hill_Network" title="Mars Hill Network">Mars Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moody_Radio" title="Moody Radio">Moody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Media" title="Northwestern Media">Northwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilgrim_Radio" title="Pilgrim Radio">Pilgrim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_74_Internationale" title="Radio 74 Internationale">Radio 74</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Nueva_Vida" title="Radio Nueva Vida">Radio Nueva Vida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Presence_Radio" title="Real Presence Radio">Real Presence Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rejoice_Broadcast_Network" title="Rejoice Broadcast Network">Rejoice Broadcast Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relevant_Radio" title="Relevant Radio">Relevant Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RenewFM" title="RenewFM">RenewFM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RevFM" title="RevFM">RevFM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salem_Radio_Network" title="Salem Radio Network">Salem Radio Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smile_FM" title="Smile FM">Smile FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sounds_of_the_Spirit" title="Sounds of the Spirit">Sounds of the Spirit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WPAR" title="WPAR">Spirit FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VCY_America" title="VCY America">VCY America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WAY-FM_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="WAY-FM Network">WAY-FM Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WBYO" title="WBYO">Word FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Your_Network_of_Praise" title="Your Network of Praise">Your Network of Praise</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sports_radio_networks_in_the_United_States" title="Template:Sports radio networks in the United States">Sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BetQL_Network" title="BetQL Network">BetQL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESPN_Radio" title="ESPN Radio">ESPN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_Sports_Radio" title="Fox Sports Radio">Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%BAtbol_de_Primera_(radio_network)" title="Fútbol de Primera (radio network)">Futbol de Primera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infinity_Sports_Network" title="Infinity Sports Network">Infinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_Byline_USA" title="Sports Byline USA">Sports Byline USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_USA_Radio_Network" title="Sports USA Radio Network">Sports USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TUDN_Radio" title="TUDN Radio">TUDN</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/News_broadcasting" title="News broadcasting">News</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ABC_News_Radio" title="ABC News Radio">ABC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Information_Network" title="Black Information Network">BIN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBS_News_Radio" title="CBS News Radio">CBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_News_Radio" title="Fox News Radio">Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NBC_News_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="NBC News Radio">NBC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Public_broadcasting" title="Public broadcasting">Public radio</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Public_Media" title="American Public Media">APM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pacifica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Radio_Exchange" title="Public Radio Exchange">PRX</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">State</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Public_Radio" title="Colorado Public Radio">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WNPR" title="WNPR">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Public_Broadcasting#GPB_Radio" title="Georgia Public Broadcasting">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaii_Public_Radio" title="Hawaii Public Radio">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_Public_Radio" title="Iowa Public Radio">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Public_Radio" title="Kentucky Public Radio">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maine_Public_Broadcasting_Network#Radio_stations" title="Maine Public Broadcasting Network">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Public_Radio" title="Minnesota Public Radio">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Public_Broadcasting#MPB_Radio" title="Mississippi Public Broadcasting">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebraska_Educational_Telecommunications#Radio_stations" class="mw-redirect" title="Nebraska Educational Telecommunications">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada_Public_Radio" title="Nevada Public Radio">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_Public_Radio" title="New Hampshire Public Radio">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prairie_Public_Radio" title="Prairie Public Radio">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Public_Broadcasting#Radio_stations" title="Oregon Public Broadcasting">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Public%27s_Radio" title="The Public's Radio">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_Public_Radio" title="South Carolina Public Radio">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Dakota_Public_Broadcasting#Radio_stations" title="South Dakota Public Broadcasting">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KUSU-FM" title="KUSU-FM">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermont_Public_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Vermont Public Radio">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia_Public_Broadcasting#Radio" title="West Virginia Public Broadcasting">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Public_Radio" title="Wisconsin Public Radio">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyoming_Public_Radio" title="Wyoming Public Radio">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alabama_Public_Radio" title="Alabama Public Radio">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boise_State_Public_Radio" title="Boise State Public Radio">Boise State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WCMU-FM" title="WCMU-FM">CMU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Plains_Public_Radio" title="High Plains Public Radio">High Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WBST#Indiana_Public_Radio" title="WBST">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interlochen_Public_Radio" title="Interlochen Public Radio">Interlochen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Public_Radio" title="Jefferson Public Radio">Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Public" title="Michigan Public">Michigan Public</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montana_Public_Radio" title="Montana Public Radio">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WFCR" title="WFCR">New England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Public_Radio" title="New Jersey Public Radio">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_Public_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="North Carolina Public Radio">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Country_Public_Radio" title="North Country Public Radio">North Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WAMC" title="WAMC">Northeast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Public_Radio" title="Northern Public Radio">Northern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Public_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Northwest Public Radio">Northwest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WVTF" title="WVTF">Radio IQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Kansas" title="Radio Kansas">Radio Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_River_Radio" title="Red River Radio">Red River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellowstone_Public_Radio" title="Yellowstone Public Radio">Yellowstone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct or<br />moribund</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cumulus_Media_Networks#ABC_Radio" title="Cumulus Media Networks">ABC (original)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_America_(radio_network)" title="Air America (radio network)">Air America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amalgamated_Broadcasting_System" title="Amalgamated Broadcasting System">Amalgamated Broadcasting System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talk_Radio_Network" title="Talk Radio Network">America's Radio News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Network_(United_States)" title="American Network (United States)">American Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkansas_Radio_Network" title="Arkansas Radio Network">Arkansas Radio Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biz_Radio_Network" title="Biz Radio Network">Biz Radio Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Network" title="Blue Network">NBC Blue/Blue Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_children%27s_radio_networks" title="List of children's radio networks">Children's radio networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumulus_Media_Networks" title="Cumulus Media Networks">Cumulus Media Networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westwood_One_(1976%E2%80%932011)" title="Westwood One (1976–2011)">Dial Global</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dial_Global_Local" title="Dial Global Local">Local/Waitt</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Disney" title="Radio Disney">Radio Disney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enterprise_Radio_Network" title="Enterprise Radio Network">Enterprise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESPN_Deportes_Radio" title="ESPN Deportes Radio">ESPN Deportes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genesis_Communications_Network" title="Genesis Communications Network">GCN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God%27s_Country_Radio_Network" title="God's Country Radio Network">God's Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I.E._America_Radio_Network" title="I.E. America Radio Network">I.E. America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jones_Radio_Networks" title="Jones Radio Networks">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K-Love_Classics" title="K-Love Classics">K-Love Classics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Broadcasting_System" title="Liberty Broadcasting System">Liberty Broadcasting System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Regional_Network" title="Michigan Regional Network">Michigan Regional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutual_Broadcasting_System" title="Mutual Broadcasting System">Mutual</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mutual_Black_Network" title="Mutual Black Network">Mutual Reports Network/Mutual Black Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutual_Lifestyle_Radio" title="Mutual Lifestyle Radio">Mutual Lifestyle Radio/Mutual Progressive Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutual_Spanish_Network" title="Mutual Spanish Network">Mutual Spanish Network (Mutual Cadena Hispánica)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NBC_Radio_Network" title="NBC Radio Network">NBC Red/NBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NBC_Sports_Radio" title="NBC Sports Radio">NBC Sports Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NBC_Talknet" title="NBC Talknet">NBC Talknet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NBG_Radio_Network" title="NBG Radio Network">NBG Radio Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Black_Network" title="National Black Network">National Black Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Negro_Network" title="National Negro Network">National Negro Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_M_Radio" title="Nova M Radio">Nova M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Radio_Network_(United_States)" title="National Radio Network (United States)">National Radio Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Radio_International" title="Public Radio International">PRI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Broadcasting_System" title="Progressive Broadcasting System">Progressive Broadcasting System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_AAHS" title="Radio AAHS">Radio AAHS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RKO_Radio_Network" title="RKO Radio Network">RKO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satellite_Music_Network" title="Satellite Music Network">Satellite Music Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_Fan_Radio_Network" title="Sports Fan Radio Network">Sports Fan Radio Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SportsMap" title="SportsMap">SportsMap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talk_Radio_Network" title="Talk Radio Network">Talk Radio Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Source_(network)" title="The Source (network)">The Source</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transtar_Radio_Networks" title="Transtar Radio Networks">Transtar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Press_International_Radio_Network" title="United Press International Radio Network">UPI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Univision_America" title="Univision America">Univision America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_News_Desk" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington News Desk">Washington News Desk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westinghouse_Broadcasting" title="Westinghouse Broadcasting">Westinghouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westwood_One_(1976%E2%80%932011)" title="Westwood One (1976–2011)">Westwood One (original)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westwood_One_News" title="Westwood One News">Westwood One News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WOR_Radio_Network" title="WOR Radio Network">WOR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wall_Street_Journal_Radio_Network" title="Wall Street Journal Radio Network">WSJ Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yankee_Network" title="Yankee Network">Yankee Network</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Radio_icon.png/16px-Radio_icon.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Radio_icon.png/24px-Radio_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Radio_icon.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="22" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Radio" title="Portal:Radio">Radio portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2045587#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2045587#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2045587#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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States</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6k39k5t">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pacifica_Foundation&oldid=1258520659">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pacifica_Foundation&oldid=1258520659</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a 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