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class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EA%B3%84%EC%A0%95%EB%A7%8C%EB%93%A4%EA%B8%B0&returnto=%ED%95%B5%EA%B2%A8%EC%9A%B8" title="계정을 만들고 로그인하는 것이 좋습니다. 하지만 필수는 아닙니다" class=""><span>계정 만들기</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%A1%9C%EA%B7%B8%EC%9D%B8&returnto=%ED%95%B5%EA%B2%A8%EC%9A%B8" title="위키백과에 로그인하면 여러가지 편리한 기능을 사용할 수 있습니다. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>로그인</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="더 많은 옵션" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="개인 도구" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">개인 도구</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="사용자 메뉴" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=ko.wikipedia.org&uselang=ko"><span>기부</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EA%B3%84%EC%A0%95%EB%A7%8C%EB%93%A4%EA%B8%B0&returnto=%ED%95%B5%EA%B2%A8%EC%9A%B8" title="계정을 만들고 로그인하는 것이 좋습니다. 하지만 필수는 아닙니다"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>계정 만들기</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%A1%9C%EA%B7%B8%EC%9D%B8&returnto=%ED%95%B5%EA%B2%A8%EC%9A%B8" title="위키백과에 로그인하면 여러가지 편리한 기능을 사용할 수 있습니다. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>로그인</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 로그아웃한 편집자를 위한 문서 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EC%9B%80%EB%A7%90:%EC%86%8C%EA%B0%9C" aria-label="편집에 관해 더 알아보기"><span>더 알아보기</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EA%B8%B0%EC%97%AC" title="이 IP 주소의 편집 목록 [y]" accesskey="y"><span>기여</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9%EC%9E%90%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0" title="현재 사용하는 IP 주소에 대한 토론 문서 [n]" accesskey="n"><span>토론</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="사이트"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="목차" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">목차</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">사이드바로 이동</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">숨기기</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">처음 위치</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-유래" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#유래"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>유래</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-유래-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-피해예측" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#피해예측"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>피해예측</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-피해예측-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-실험" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#실험"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>실험</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-실험-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-같이_보기" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#같이_보기"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>같이 보기</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-같이_보기-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-각주" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#각주"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>각주</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-각주-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="목차" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="목차" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="목차 토글" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">목차 토글</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">핵겨울</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="다른 언어로 문서를 방문합니다. 56개 언어로 읽을 수 있습니다" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-56" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">56개 언어</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D9%86%D9%88%D9%88%D9%8A" title="شتاء نووي – 아랍어" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شتاء نووي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="아랍어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Ядзерная зіма – 벨라루스어" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ядзерная зіма" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="벨라루스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Ядрена зима – 불가리아어" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ядрена зима" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="불가리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goa%C3%B1v_nukleel" title="Goañv nukleel – 브르타뉴어" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Goañv nukleel" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="브르타뉴어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hivern_nuclear" title="Hivern nuclear – 카탈로니아어" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Hivern nuclear" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="카탈로니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nukle%C3%A1rn%C3%AD_zima" title="Nukleární zima – 체코어" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nukleární zima" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="체코어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D1%85%C4%95%D0%BB" title="Нуклонсарла хĕл – 추바시어" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Нуклонсарла хĕл" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="추바시어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaeaf_niwclear" title="Gaeaf niwclear – 웨일스어" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gaeaf niwclear" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="웨일스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomvinter" title="Atomvinter – 덴마크어" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Atomvinter" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="덴마크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuklearer_Winter" title="Nuklearer Winter – 독일어" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nuklearer Winter" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="독일어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C4%B1m%C4%B1stano_nukleer" title="Zımıstano nukleer – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Zımıstano nukleer" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%BC%CF%8E%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Πυρηνικός χειμώνας – 그리스어" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πυρηνικός χειμώνας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="그리스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_winter" title="Nuclear winter – 영어" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Nuclear winter" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="영어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuklea_vintro" title="Nuklea vintro – 에스페란토어" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nuklea vintro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="에스페란토어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invierno_nuclear" title="Invierno nuclear – 스페인어" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Invierno nuclear" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="스페인어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuumatalv" title="Tuumatalv – 에스토니아어" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tuumatalv" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="에스토니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negu_nuklear" title="Negu nuklear – 바스크어" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Negu nuklear" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="바스크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%87%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="زمستان هسته‌ای – 페르시아어" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زمستان هسته‌ای" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="페르시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ydintalvi" title="Ydintalvi – 핀란드어" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ydintalvi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="핀란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiver_nucl%C3%A9aire" title="Hiver nucléaire – 프랑스어" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hiver nucléaire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="프랑스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverno_nuclear" title="Inverno nuclear – 갈리시아어" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Inverno nuclear" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="갈리시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A3_%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99" title="חורף גרעיני – 히브리어" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חורף גרעיני" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="히브리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2" title="नाभिकीय शीतकाल – 힌디어" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नाभिकीय शीतकाल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="힌디어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuklearna_zima" title="Nuklearna zima – 크로아티아어" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Nuklearna zima" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="크로아티아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nukle%C3%A1ris_t%C3%A9l" title="Nukleáris tél – 헝가리어" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nukleáris tél" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="헝가리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%AB%D5%BB%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%B1%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%BC" title="Միջուկային ձմեռ – 아르메니아어" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Միջուկային ձմեռ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="아르메니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musim_dingin_nuklir" title="Musim dingin nuklir – 인도네시아어" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Musim dingin nuklir" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="인도네시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverno_nucleare" title="Inverno nucleare – 이탈리아어" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Inverno nucleare" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="이탈리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E3%81%AE%E5%86%AC" title="核の冬 – 일본어" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="核の冬" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="일본어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%95%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ბირთვული ზამთარი – 조지아어" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბირთვული ზამთარი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="조지아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%81" title="Ядролық қыс – 카자흐어" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ядролық қыс" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="카자흐어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branduolin%C4%97_%C5%BEiema" title="Branduolinė žiema – 리투아니아어" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Branduolinė žiema" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="리투아니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kodolziema" title="Kodolziema – 라트비아어" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kodolziema" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="라트비아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Јадрена зима – 마케도니아어" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Јадрена зима" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="마케도니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleaire_winter" title="Nucleaire winter – 네덜란드어" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nucleaire winter" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="네덜란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomvinter" title="Atomvinter – 노르웨이어(니노르스크)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Atomvinter" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="노르웨이어(니노르스크)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomvinter" title="Atomvinter – 노르웨이어(보크말)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Atomvinter" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="노르웨이어(보크말)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iv%C3%A8rn_nuclear" title="Ivèrn nuclear – 오크어" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ivèrn nuclear" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="오크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teoria_zimy_nuklearnej" title="Teoria zimy nuklearnej – 폴란드어" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Teoria zimy nuklearnej" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="폴란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%8A_%DA%98%D9%85%DB%8C" title="هستوي ژمی – 파슈토어" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="هستوي ژمی" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="파슈토어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverno_nuclear" title="Inverno nuclear – 포르투갈어" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Inverno nuclear" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="포르투갈어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iarn%C4%83_nuclear%C4%83" title="Iarnă nucleară – 루마니아어" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Iarnă nucleară" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="루마니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Ядерная зима – 러시아어" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ядерная зима" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="러시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_winter" title="Nuclear winter – 스코틀랜드어" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Nuclear winter" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="스코틀랜드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_winter" title="Nuclear winter – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Nuclear winter" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nukle%C3%A1rna_zima" title="Nukleárna zima – 슬로바키아어" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Nukleárna zima" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="슬로바키아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jedrska_zima" title="Jedrska zima – 슬로베니아어" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Jedrska zima" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="슬로베니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Нуклеарна зима – 세르비아어" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Нуклеарна зима" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="세르비아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomvinter" title="Atomvinter – 스웨덴어" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Atomvinter" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="스웨덴어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="அணுப்போர் குளிர்காலம் – 타밀어" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அணுப்போர் குளிர்காலம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="타밀어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%BCkleer_k%C4%B1%C5%9F" title="Nükleer kış – 튀르키예어" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Nükleer kış" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="튀르키예어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Ядерна зима – 우크라이나어" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ядерна зима" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="우크라이나어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7" title="نویاتی سرما – 우르두어" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نویاتی سرما" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="우르두어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yadro_qishi" title="Yadro qishi – 우즈베크어" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Yadro qishi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="우즈베크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B9a_%C4%91%C3%B4ng_h%E1%BA%A1t_nh%C3%A2n" title="Mùa đông hạt nhân – 베트남어" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Mùa đông hạt nhân" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="베트남어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%86%AC%E5%A4%A9" title="核冬天 – 중국어" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="核冬天" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="중국어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> 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</ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="페이지 도구"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="보이기"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">보이기</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">사이드바로 이동</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">숨기기</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">위키백과, 우리 모두의 백과사전.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%95%B5_%EA%B2%A8%EC%9A%B8&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="핵 겨울">핵 겨울</a>에서 넘어옴)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ko" dir="ltr"><p><span class="nowrap"></span> <b>핵겨울</b>(Nuclear winter)은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%B9%BC_%EC%84%B8%EC%9D%B4%EA%B1%B4" title="칼 세이건">칼 세이건</a> 등에 의해 제창된 현상으로, <a href="/wiki/%ED%95%B5%EC%A0%84%EC%9F%81" title="핵전쟁">핵전쟁</a>으로 지구에 대규모 환경변화가 발생하여 인위적으로 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%99%ED%95%98%EA%B8%B0" title="빙하기">빙하기</a>가 발생하는 현상을 말한다. </p><p>이 현상은 <a href="/wiki/%ED%95%B5%EB%AC%B4%EA%B8%B0" title="핵무기">핵무기</a>의 사용에 의한 폭발 자체와 거기에 동반되는 광범위한 화재에 의해 공중으로 떠오른 재와 연기 등의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EC%96%B4%EB%A1%9C%EC%A1%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="에어로졸">에어로졸</a>에 의해 <a href="/wiki/%ED%83%9C%EC%96%91%EA%B4%91" class="mw-redirect" title="태양광">태양광</a>이 가려진 결과 발생한다. </p><p>대기 투명도 저하로 인해 태양광이 극단적으로 차단되기 때문에, 해양의 식물성 <a href="/wiki/%ED%94%8C%EB%9E%91%ED%81%AC%ED%86%A4" title="플랑크톤">플랑크톤</a>을 포함한 <a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9D%EB%AC%BC" title="식물">식물</a>이 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B4%91%ED%95%A9%EC%84%B1" title="광합성">광합성</a>을 할 수 없게되고, 식물을 섭취하는 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%99%EB%AC%BC" title="동물">동물</a>도 굶어죽게된다. 또한 기온도 급격히 떨어질 것으로 예상되는 등, <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EA%B0%84" class="mw-redirect" title="인간">인간</a>이 생존할 수 없을 정도로 지구 환경이 악화될 것으로 여겨진다. </p><p>덧붙여서 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%A9%EC%82%AC%EC%84%B1_%EB%82%99%EC%A7%84" class="mw-redirect" title="방사성 낙진">방사성 낙진</a>에 의한 <a href="/wiki/%EC%B5%9C%EA%B8%B0%EC%84%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="최기성">최기성</a>의 문제도 있어, 일단 핵전쟁이 발발하면 전 세계적인 피해가 우려되므로, 핵무기의 위험성을 논할 때 종종 인용된다. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="유래"><span id=".EC.9C.A0.EB.9E.98"></span>유래</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%95%B5%EA%B2%A8%EC%9A%B8&action=edit&section=1" title="부분 편집: 유래"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%EC%B9%BC_%EC%84%B8%EC%9D%B4%EA%B1%B4" title="칼 세이건">칼 세이건</a>(Carl Sagan)과 공동저자의 머리글자를 따서 TTAPS(Turco·Toon·Ackerman·Pollaok·Sagan)이론이라는 이름의 보고서로 <a href="/wiki/1983%EB%85%84" title="1983년">1983년</a>에 제창되었다. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%A6%AC%EC%B2%98%EB%93%9C_%ED%84%B0%EC%BD%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="리처드 터코 (없는 문서)">리처드 터코</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%98%A4%EC%9B%AC_%ED%88%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="오웬 툰 (없는 문서)">오웬 툰</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%86%A0%EB%A7%88%EC%8A%A4_%EC%95%A0%EC%BB%A4%EB%A8%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="토마스 애커먼 (없는 문서)">토마스 애커먼</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A0%9C%EC%9E%84%EC%8A%A4_%ED%8F%B4%EB%9D%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="제임스 폴락 (없는 문서)">제임스 폴락</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%B9%BC_%EC%84%B8%EC%9D%B4%EA%B1%B4" title="칼 세이건">칼 세이건</a>이 연구했다. </p><p>이 이론에서는 전면적인 핵전쟁이 일어날 경우, 세계 각지에서 대규모 화재가 발생하여 수백만톤 규모의 에어로졸이 대기중에 방출되고, 이것이 몇 개월에 걸쳐 지구 전체를 덮어 태양광을 차단하게 된다. 이 때 식물이 사멸하고 기후의 급격한 변화가 일어나 지구 전역에 걸친 <a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%ED%83%9C%EA%B3%84" title="생태계">생태계</a>의 치명적인 파괴와 문명의 붕괴가 일어날 것을 예측하고있다. </p><p>이 이론은 당시의 여론에서 도시 화재 시 발생하는 매연의 양을 비관적으로 예측하는 등 핵 피해를 과대평가한다고 여겨지면서도, 핵무기에 의한 대규모 파괴와 대량학살은 피할 수 없을 것으로 여겨져, 일어날 수도 있다는 수준으로 나중에 종종 인용되게 되었다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="피해예측"><span id=".ED.94.BC.ED.95.B4.EC.98.88.EC.B8.A1"></span>피해예측</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%95%B5%EA%B2%A8%EC%9A%B8&action=edit&section=2" title="부분 편집: 피해예측"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>핵폭발에 의한 에어로졸은 대도시의 화재에 의해 발생하는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%83%81%EC%8A%B9%EA%B8%B0%EB%A5%98" class="mw-redirect" title="상승기류">상승기류</a>를 타고 <a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B1%EC%B8%B5%EA%B6%8C" title="성층권">성층권</a>까지 도달, <a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%9C%ED%8A%B8%EA%B8%B0%EB%A5%98" class="mw-redirect" title="제트기류">제트기류</a>에 의해 전 세계로 확산된다. 예를 들어 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EB%9F%BD" title="유럽">유럽</a>에서 핵전쟁이 발발하면 그 피해는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%84" title="아시아">아시아</a>와 <a href="/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD" title="미국">미국</a>에까지 미치게 된다. 하물며 이 이론이 제창된 <a href="/wiki/%EB%83%89%EC%A0%84" title="냉전">냉전</a> 말기에 <a href="/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD" title="미국">미국</a>과 <a href="/wiki/%EC%86%8C%EB%A0%A8" title="소련">소련</a>이 서로 핵무기로 공격하는 사태에 이르게 되면 확실히 전 세계적인 환경파괴가 일어난다고 생각되었다. </p><p>현재까지는 핵무기가 난무하는 전쟁은 발생하지 않았기 때문에 이 이론에 대한 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션의 예측값을 볼 수밖에 없다. 그러나 <a href="/wiki/%EC%B2%B4%EB%A5%B4%EB%85%B8%EB%B9%8C_%EC%9B%90%EC%9E%90%EB%A0%A5_%EB%B0%9C%EC%A0%84%EC%86%8C" title="체르노빌 원자력 발전소">체르노빌 원자력 발전소</a>에서 발생한 폭발사고는 소련의 사고인데도 유럽의 농산물에서 방사성 낙진에 의한 것으로 여겨지는 방사선이 검출되는 등의 광범위한 피해가 관측되었다. 하지만 체르노빌 등의 원자력 발전소 사고의 경우는 원자력 발전소의 폭발사고로서 이 경우 유출되는 방사능의 양은 핵폭발시 발생하는 방사능의 양과 다르다. 핵폭발시 발생하는 방사능의 양은 원자력 발전소 폭발사고 등에서 발생하는 방사능의 양보다 현저히 적으며 원자력 발전소 사고에 비해 훨씬 빠르게 자연상태로 복구가 가능하므로(그 예로써 2차 세계대전 말기 미국의 원자폭탄 투하의 대상이 됐던 일본의 히로시마, 나가사키가 있다) 원자력 발전소 사고와 핵폭발의 방사능 피해를 비교하는 건 한계가 있다. </p><p>대규모 화산폭발에 의해 대기중으로 방출된 <a href="/wiki/%ED%99%94%EC%82%B0%EC%9E%AC" title="화산재">화산재</a>가 제트기류를 타고 넓은 범위에서 극단적인 <a href="/wiki/%EB%85%B8%EC%9D%84" title="노을">노을</a>을 만들어내는 등, 이러한 관측결과를 포함하여 핵겨울이 발생할 것이라는 예상은 다양한 방면에서 주장되고있다. 이 화산폭발에 의한 현상으로는 <a href="/wiki/1991" title="1991">1991</a>년에 <a href="/wiki/%ED%95%84%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%80" title="필리핀">필리핀</a>의 <a href="/wiki/%ED%94%BC%EB%82%98%ED%88%AC%EB%B3%B4%EC%82%B0" title="피나투보산">피나투보산</a>이 분화한 사례가 유명하다. </p><p>에어로졸에 의한 태양광 차단과 그에 따른 위기는 <a href="/wiki/K-T_%EB%8C%80%EB%A9%B8%EC%A2%85" class="mw-redirect" title="K-T 대멸종">K-T 대멸종</a>이 꼽힌다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="실험"><span id=".EC.8B.A4.ED.97.98"></span>실험</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%95%B5%EA%B2%A8%EC%9A%B8&action=edit&section=3" title="부분 편집: 실험"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1983년 미국의 리처드 터코, 오웬 툰, 토마스 애커먼, 제임스 폴락, 칼 세이건은 미국과 소련이 핵전쟁을 벌일 경우, 전세계에 핵겨울이 발생해 인류의 90%가 굶어죽는다는 연구결과를 발표했다. </p><p>2006년 미국 <a href="/wiki/%EC%BD%9C%EB%A1%9C%EB%9D%BC%EB%8F%84_%EB%8C%80%ED%95%99%EA%B5%90" title="콜로라도 대학교">콜로라도 대학교</a> 등 4개 대학 연구진이 핵겨울 실험을 했다. 콜로라도 주립대학의 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%98%A4%EC%96%B8_%ED%88%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="오언 툰 (없는 문서)">오언 툰</a> 교수는 "<a href="/wiki/%ED%9E%88%EB%A1%9C%EC%8B%9C%EB%A7%88" class="mw-redirect" title="히로시마">히로시마</a>에 떨어졌던 <a href="/wiki/%EB%A6%AC%ED%8B%80_%EB%B3%B4%EC%9D%B4" title="리틀 보이">리틀 보이</a>와 같은 규모인 TNT 15킬로 톤 정도의 폭탄 100개가 아시아 지역에서 폭발했다는 가정하에 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션 실험을 한 결과 이때 발생하는 먼지가 태양을 가려 세계 전역의 기온이 떨어지면서 기상이변이 생겨날 수 있다는 실험보고가 나왔다"고 밝혔다.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>2014년 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD_%EA%B5%AD%EB%A6%BD%EB%8C%80%EA%B8%B0%EC%97%B0%EA%B5%AC%EC%84%BC%ED%84%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="미국 국립대기연구센터 (없는 문서)">미국 국립대기연구센터</a>(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Center_for_Atmospheric_Research" class="extiw" title="en:National Center for Atmospheric Research">en:National Center for Atmospheric Research</a>)는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EB%8F%84" title="인도">인도</a>와 <a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%ED%82%A4%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%84" title="파키스탄">파키스탄</a>이 히로시마 원폭 <a href="/wiki/%EB%A6%AC%ED%8B%80_%EB%B3%B4%EC%9D%B4" title="리틀 보이">리틀 보이</a> 수준의 핵폭탄 50개를 상호발사해, 100개를 서로 터뜨리는 <a href="/wiki/%ED%95%B5%EC%A0%84%EC%9F%81" title="핵전쟁">핵전쟁</a>을 가정한 모의실험을 했다. 핵폭발로 550만t의 검은 재가 대기를 뒤덮으면서 전 지구적인 핵겨울이 25년간 발생해 전세계 인류가 굶어죽는 결과가 나왔다.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%EB%A6%AC%ED%8B%80_%EB%B3%B4%EC%9D%B4" title="리틀 보이">리틀 보이</a>는 TNT 15 kt 폭발력이며, 100개면 1.5 Mt 폭발력이다. </p><p>인도와 파키스탄은 핵보유국 중에서 가장 약체로 평가되고 있다. 그래서 핵겨울 이론가들은 이 두 국가의 핵전쟁을 모델로 핵겨울을 연구한다. 양국이 150 kt 수소폭탄 5발씩을 상호발사한 경우의 시뮬레이션이다. 미국 <a href="/wiki/%ED%86%A0%EB%A7%88%ED%98%B8%ED%81%AC_%EB%AF%B8%EC%82%AC%EC%9D%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="토마호크 미사일">토마호크 미사일</a>이 150 kt 수소폭탄을 탑재한다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="같이_보기"><span id=".EA.B0.99.EC.9D.B4_.EB.B3.B4.EA.B8.B0"></span>같이 보기</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%95%B5%EA%B2%A8%EC%9A%B8&action=edit&section=4" title="부분 편집: 같이 보기"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%B5%EB%AC%B4%EA%B8%B0" title="핵무기">핵무기</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%B5%EC%8B%A4%ED%97%98" title="핵실험">핵실험</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="각주"><span id=".EA.B0.81.EC.A3.BC"></span>각주</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%95%B5%EA%B2%A8%EC%9A%B8&action=edit&section=5" title="부분 편집: 각주"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r35556958">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">핵폭탄 경쟁, 터지면 세계 기후가 변한다, 노컷뉴스, 2006-12-13</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"핵폭탄 100개만 터져도 핵겨울 25년…지구 재앙", 연합뉴스TV, 2014-03-29</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><div><small><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Heckert_GNU_white.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Heckert_GNU_white.svg/20px-Heckert_GNU_white.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Heckert_GNU_white.svg/30px-Heckert_GNU_white.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Heckert_GNU_white.svg/40px-Heckert_GNU_white.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="535" data-file-height="523" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Cc.logo.circle.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Cc.logo.circle.svg/20px-Cc.logo.circle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Cc.logo.circle.svg/30px-Cc.logo.circle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Cc.logo.circle.svg/40px-Cc.logo.circle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> 이 문서에는 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8B%A4%EC%9D%8C" title="다음">다음커뮤니케이션</a>(현 <a href="/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EC%B9%B4%EC%98%A4_(%EA%B8%B0%EC%97%85)" title="카카오 (기업)">카카오</a>)에서 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:GNU_Free_Documentation_License" title="위키백과:GNU Free Documentation License">GFDL</a> 또는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_3.0_Unported_License" title="위키백과:Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License">CC-SA</a> 라이선스로 배포한 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EB%8B%A4%EC%9D%8C_%EA%B8%80%EB%A1%9C%EB%B2%8C_%EC%84%B8%EA%B3%84%EB%8C%80%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC%EC%82%AC%EC%A0%84" title="위키백과:다음 글로벌 세계대백과사전">글로벌 세계대백과사전</a>의 내용을 기초로 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