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</div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">克赫歷程</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。25种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-25" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">25种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin-Helmholtz-meganisme" title="Kelvin-Helmholtz-meganisme – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kelvin-Helmholtz-meganisme" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%83%D9%84%D9%81%D9%86_%D9%87%D9%84%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B2" title="آلية كلفن هلمهولتز – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="آلية كلفن هلمهولتز" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecanisme_de_Kelvin-Helmholtz" title="Mecanisme de Kelvin-Helmholtz – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mecanisme de Kelvin-Helmholtz" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmholtzova%E2%80%93Kelvinova_kontrakce" title="Helmholtzova–Kelvinova kontrakce – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Helmholtzova–Kelvinova kontrakce" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin-Helmholtz-Kontraktion" title="Kelvin-Helmholtz-Kontraktion – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kelvin-Helmholtz-Kontraktion" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A5%CF%80%CF%8C%CE%B8%CE%B5%CF%83%CE%B7_%CE%B7%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%83%CF%85%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%AE%CF%82" title="Υπόθεση ηλιοσυστολής – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Υπόθεση ηλιοσυστολής" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin%E2%80%93Helmholtz_mechanism" title="Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Me%C4%A5anismo_de_Kelvin-Helmholtz" title="Meĥanismo de Kelvin-Helmholtz – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Meĥanismo de Kelvin-Helmholtz" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecanismo_de_Kelvin-Helmholtz" title="Mecanismo de Kelvin-Helmholtz – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mecanismo de Kelvin-Helmholtz" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%85_%DA%A9%D9%84%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86-%D9%87%D9%84%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B2" title="مکانیسم کلوین-هلمهولتز – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مکانیسم کلوین-هلمهولتز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9canisme_de_Kelvin-Helmholtz" title="Mécanisme de Kelvin-Helmholtz – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mécanisme de Kelvin-Helmholtz" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8-%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="केल्विन-हेल्महोल्ट्ज़ तंत्र – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="केल्विन-हेल्महोल्ट्ज़ तंत्र" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekanisme_Kelvin-Helmholtz" title="Mekanisme Kelvin-Helmholtz – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mekanisme Kelvin-Helmholtz" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meccanismo_di_Kelvin-Helmholtz" title="Meccanismo di Kelvin-Helmholtz – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Meccanismo di Kelvin-Helmholtz" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B1%E3%83%AB%E3%83%93%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%98%E3%83%AB%E3%83%A0%E3%83%9B%E3%83%AB%E3%83%84%E6%A9%9F%E6%A7%8B" title="ケルビン・ヘルムホルツ機構 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ケルビン・ヘルムホルツ機構" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BC%88%EB%B9%88-%ED%97%AC%EB%A6%84%ED%99%80%EC%B8%A0_%EA%B8%B0%EC%9E%91" title="켈빈-헬름홀츠 기작 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="켈빈-헬름홀츠 기작" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin-Helmholtzmechanisme" title="Kelvin-Helmholtzmechanisme – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kelvin-Helmholtzmechanisme" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin-Helmholtz-mekanismen" title="Kelvin-Helmholtz-mekanismen – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kelvin-Helmholtz-mekanismen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanizm_Kelvina-Helmholtza" title="Mechanizm Kelvina-Helmholtza – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mechanizm Kelvina-Helmholtza" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecanismo_de_Kelvin-Helmholtz" title="Mecanismo de Kelvin-Helmholtz – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mecanismo de Kelvin-Helmholtz" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC_%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%E2%80%94_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Механизм Кельвина — Гельмгольца – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Механизм Кельвина — Гельмгольца" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin-Helmholcov_mehanizam" title="Kelvin-Helmholcov mehanizam – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Kelvin-Helmholcov mehanizam" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin-Helmholtz_mekanizmas%C4%B1" title="Kelvin-Helmholtz mekanizması – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kelvin-Helmholtz mekanizması" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC_%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0_%E2%80%94_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Механізм Кельвіна — Гельмгольца – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Механізм Кельвіна — Гельмгольца" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C6%A1_ch%E1%BA%BF_Kelvin%E2%80%93Helmholtz" title="Cơ chế Kelvin–Helmholtz – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cơ chế Kelvin–Helmholtz" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" 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.sidebar-below{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar a:not(.new):not(.mw-selflink):link{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F%E5%BD%A2%E6%88%90" title="恆星形成">恆星形成</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LH_95.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/LH_95.jpg/145px-LH_95.jpg" decoding="async" width="145" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/LH_95.jpg/218px-LH_95.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/LH_95.jpg/290px-LH_95.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3622" data-file-height="3877" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> 天體分類</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E9%9A%9B%E7%89%A9%E8%B3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="星際物質">星際物質</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E9%9B%B2" title="分子雲">分子雲</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%85%E5%85%8B%E9%9B%B2%E7%90%83" title="包克雲球">包克雲球</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/%E6%9A%97%E6%98%9F%E9%9B%B2" title="暗星雲">暗星雲</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%88%9D%E6%9C%9F%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F%E9%AB%94" title="初期恆星體">初期恆星體</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F" title="原恆星">原恆星</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E7%89%9BT%E6%98%9F" title="金牛T星">金牛T星</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%BB%E5%BA%8F%E6%98%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="前主序星">前主序星</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E6%AF%94%E6%A0%BCAe/Be%E6%98%9F" title="赫比格Ae/Be星">赫比格Ae/Be星</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E6%AF%94%E6%A0%BC-%E5%93%88%E7%BE%85%E5%A4%A9%E9%AB%94" title="赫比格-哈羅天體">赫比格-哈羅天體</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> 理論的觀念</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%88%9D%E5%A7%8B%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0" title="初始质量函数">初始質量函數</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E7%A9%A9%E5%AE%9A%E6%80%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="金斯不穩定性">金斯不穩定性</a><br /> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">克赫歷程</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E9%9B%B2%E5%81%87%E8%AA%AA" title="星雲假說">星雲假說</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F%E9%81%B7%E7%A7%BB" title="行星遷移">行星遷移</a></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <hr /><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="主题"><img alt="主题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:恆星">Portal:恆星</a><hr /></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Star_formation" title="Template:Star formation"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Star_formation" title="Template talk:Star formation"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:Star_formation" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:Star formation"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>克赫歷程</b>（英语：<b>Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism</b>）是<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8" title="天文學">天文學</a>事件，發生在<a href="/wiki/%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="恆星">恆星</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F" title="行星">行星</a>表面冷卻時。冷卻的結果，造成恆星與行星的降壓，並且以收縮來補償。這種壓縮，相對的加熱了恆星/行星的核心。這種歷程在<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E6%98%9F" title="木星">木星</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%98%9F" title="土星">土星</a>，還有核心溫度不夠高，不足以引發<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E8%9E%8D%E5%90%88" class="mw-redirect" title="核融合">核融合</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%95%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F" title="棕矮星">棕矮星</a>上非常明顯。可能木星就是通過這個機制才使他能釋放出比從太陽吸收到更多的能量，但是土星可能沒有<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>這個機制最初是由<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E6%B1%A4%E5%A7%86%E6%A3%AE%EF%BC%8C%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E4%BB%A3%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87%E7%94%B7%E7%88%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="威廉·汤姆森，第一代开尔文男爵">开尔文</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E5%B0%94%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E5%86%AF%C2%B7%E4%BA%A5%E5%A7%86%E9%9C%8D%E5%85%B9" title="赫尔曼·冯·亥姆霍兹">亥姆霍兹</a>在1800年代晚期提出，用來解釋<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="太陽">太陽</a>的能量來源。我們現在知道，克赫歷程所能產生的總能量遠低於太陽所釋放出來的能量。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="克赫收縮產生的能量"><span id=".E5.85.8B.E8.B5.AB.E6.94.B6.E7.B8.AE.E7.94.A2.E7.94.9F.E7.9A.84.E8.83.BD.E9.87.8F"></span>克赫收縮產生的能量</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%8B%E8%B5%AB%E6%AD%B7%E7%A8%8B&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：克赫收縮產生的能量"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在理論上曾推論，來自於收縮釋放出的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8D%E8%83%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="位能">重力位能</a>是<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="太陽">太陽</a>的能量來源。計算在這種歷程中太陽能釋放出多少的能量（假設<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6" title="密度">密度</a>是均勻的），他是依個接近理想的同心圓球殼，重力位能是對所有球殼，從中心到最外層半徑，積分的結果。 </p><p>由<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E9%A0%93%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="牛頓力學">牛頓力學</a>得知重力位能的形式為： </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle U=-{\frac {Gm_{1}m_{2}}{r}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>U</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>G</mi> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mi>r</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle U=-{\frac {Gm_{1}m_{2}}{r}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1adf056068fe9df490a280945e55c52e061cd704" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:15.541ex; height:5.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle U=-{\frac {Gm_{1}m_{2}}{r}}}"></span> </p><p>此處G是萬有引力常數，兩個質量分別是每一層半徑為r厚度為dr的球殼所擁有的質量，從0到所有球殼半徑的一次積分。這個陳述（轉換）的結果是： </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle U=-G\int _{0}^{R}{\frac {m(r)4\pi r^{2}\rho }{r}}\,dr}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>U</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mi>G</mi> <msubsup> <mo>∫</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>R</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>r</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mi>π</mi> <msup> <mi>r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi>ρ</mi> </mrow> <mi>r</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mi>d</mi> <mi>r</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle U=-G\int _{0}^{R}{\frac {m(r)4\pi r^{2}\rho }{r}}\,dr}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/028ff0ca8b514847481509d374207e00da92bc54" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:27.419ex; height:6.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle U=-G\int _{0}^{R}{\frac {m(r)4\pi r^{2}\rho }{r}}\,dr}"></span> </p><p>此處R是球體最外層的半徑，m(r)是在半徑為r之處以內的總質量。將m(r)以體積和密度來表示，以滿足積分的條件： </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle U=-G\int _{0}^{R}{\frac {4\pi r^{3}\rho 4\pi r^{2}\rho }{3r}}\,dr=-{\frac {16}{15}}G\pi ^{2}\rho ^{2}R^{5}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>U</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mi>G</mi> <msubsup> <mo>∫</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>R</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>4</mn> <mi>π</mi> <msup> <mi>r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi>ρ</mi> <mn>4</mn> <mi>π</mi> <msup> <mi>r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi>ρ</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>3</mn> <mi>r</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mi>d</mi> <mi>r</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>16</mn> <mn>15</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mi>G</mi> <msup> <mi>π</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <msup> <mi>ρ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <msup> <mi>R</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>5</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle U=-G\int _{0}^{R}{\frac {4\pi r^{3}\rho 4\pi r^{2}\rho }{3r}}\,dr=-{\frac {16}{15}}G\pi ^{2}\rho ^{2}R^{5}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f3fdb61e8e0ac5b0ad11194511303ba9827d5376" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:45.677ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle U=-G\int _{0}^{R}{\frac {4\pi r^{3}\rho 4\pi r^{2}\rho }{3r}}\,dr=-{\frac {16}{15}}G\pi ^{2}\rho ^{2}R^{5}}"></span> </p><p>再計算球體的總質量後，給的最後答案是： </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle U=-{\frac {3M^{2}G}{5R}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>U</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>3</mn> <msup> <mi>M</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi>G</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>5</mn> <mi>R</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle U=-{\frac {3M^{2}G}{5R}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/378bc60d82df4947f31196af1909b99b1f0682fe" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:14.067ex; height:5.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle U=-{\frac {3M^{2}G}{5R}}}"></span> </p><p>此處密度是否一致無關緊要，我們可以加入已知的太陽質量和半徑，然後除以已知的太陽<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%BA%A6" title="光度">光度</a>，得到一個粗略的數量級和估計太陽的生命期。注意此處加入另一個估計值，因為太陽輸出的能量並非永遠保持著常數。 </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {U}{L_{\bigodot }}}\approx {\frac {2.3\times 10^{41}}{4\times 10^{26}}}\approx 18,220,650\ }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>U</mi> <msub> <mi>L</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>⨀</mo> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>≈</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>2.3</mn> <mo>×</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>41</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>4</mn> <mo>×</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>26</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>≈</mo> <mn>18</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>220</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>650</mn> <mtext> </mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {U}{L_{\bigodot }}}\approx {\frac {2.3\times 10^{41}}{4\times 10^{26}}}\approx 18,220,650\ }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/baec52eff62384d36a1885ad12d4ba93289b9872" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.671ex; width:33.471ex; height:6.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {U}{L_{\bigodot }}}\approx {\frac {2.3\times 10^{41}}{4\times 10^{26}}}\approx 18,220,650\ }"></span>年 </p><p>此處<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {L_{\bigodot }}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi>L</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>⨀</mo> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {L_{\bigodot }}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a54cf4e3200efa304969ab6d4d1a153f68f5ba33" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.171ex; width:3.641ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {L_{\bigodot }}}"></span>是太陽的亮度。尽管该结果比诸如<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E7%A3%81%E8%83%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="電磁能">電磁能</a>等其他物理方法能够在更长的时间持续输出能量，该方法仍然与已知的地质学和生物学证据相违背，那些证据表明地球已经有数十亿年的历史了。最後終於發現<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E8%9E%8D%E5%90%88" class="mw-redirect" title="核融合">熱核</a>能量才能長期供應和維持恆星的能量輸出。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考資料"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E8.B3.87.E6.96.99"></span>參考資料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%8B%E8%B5%AB%E6%AD%B7%E7%A8%8B&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：參考資料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Patrick G. J. Irwin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=p8wCsJweUb0C&pg=PA63&dq=%22kelvin+helmholtz+mechanism%22&lr=&as_brr=0&ei=i_D2R5T7K4KMsgPumpyFCg&sig=_Lj-343MfJQN5lwPNXAp-zUInRY">Giant Planets of Our Solar System: Atmospheres, Composition, and Structure</a>. Springer. 2003 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2008-09-03</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/3540006818" title="Special:网络书源/3540006818"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 3540006818</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141002134853/http://books.google.com/books?id=p8wCsJweUb0C&pg=PA63&dq=%22kelvin+helmholtz+mechanism%22&lr=&as_brr=0&ei=i_D2R5T7K4KMsgPumpyFCg&sig=_Lj-343MfJQN5lwPNXAp-zUInRY">存档</a>于2014-10-02）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%85%8B%E8%B5%AB%E6%AD%B7%E7%A8%8B&rft.au=Patrick+G.+J.+Irwin&rft.btitle=Giant+Planets+of+Our+Solar+System%3A+Atmospheres%2C+Composition%2C+and+Structure&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=3540006818&rft.pub=Springer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dp8wCsJweUb0C%26pg%3DPA63%26dq%3D%2522kelvin%2Bhelmholtz%2Bmechanism%2522%26lr%3D%26as_brr%3D0%26ei%3Di_D2R5T7K4KMsgPumpyFCg%26sig%3D_Lj-343MfJQN5lwPNXAp-zUInRY&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" 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