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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ethnography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commemorations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commemorations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Commemorations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commemorations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historical_Chipewyan_regional_groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_Chipewyan_regional_groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Historical Chipewyan regional groups</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_Chipewyan_regional_groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Governance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Governance</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Governance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Governance subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Governance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Alberta" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alberta"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Alberta</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alberta-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Manitoba" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manitoba"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Manitoba</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manitoba-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Northwest_Territories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Northwest_Territories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Northwest Territories</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Northwest_Territories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Saskatchewan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saskatchewan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Saskatchewan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Saskatchewan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_Chipewyan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_Chipewyan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notable Chipewyan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_Chipewyan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet 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Available in 24 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">24 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%8F%D0%BB" title="Дене-сулинеял – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Дене-сулинеял" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ipevayanlar" title="Çipevayanlar – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Çipevayanlar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%8B%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%9E%D1%8F%D0%BD" title="Чыпеўян – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Чыпеўян" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%83%D1%8F%D0%BD" title="Чипеуян – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Чипеуян" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chipewyan" title="Chipewyan – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Chipewyan" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cipevajan%C3%A9" title="Čipevajané – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Čipevajané" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chipewyan" title="Chipewyan – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Chipewyan" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dene_sulin%C3%A9" title="Dene suliné – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Dene suliné" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tchipewyans" title="Tchipewyans – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tchipewyans" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pobo_chipewyan" title="Pobo chipewyan – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pobo chipewyan" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%98%ED%8D%BC%EC%99%80%EC%9D%B4%EC%96%B8%EC%A1%B1" title="치퍼와이언족 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="치퍼와이언족" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chipewyan" title="Chipewyan – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Chipewyan" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chipewyan" title="Chipewyan – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Chipewyan" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Чипевайан – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Чипевайан" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cipevainai" title="Čipevainai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Čipevainai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chipewyan" title="Chipewyan – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Chipewyan" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%81%E3%83%9A%E3%83%AF%E3%82%A4%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3" title="チペワイアン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="チペワイアン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chipewyan" title="Chipewyan – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Chipewyan" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4)" title="Чипевайан (народ) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Чипевайан (народ)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chipewyan" title="Chipewyan – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Chipewyan" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chipewyan" title="Chipewyan – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Chipewyan" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chipewyer" title="Chipewyer – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Chipewyer" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denesulineler" title="Denesulineler – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Denesulineler" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BD_(%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4)" title="Чипеваян (народ) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Чипеваян (народ)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Indigenous people of northwestern Canada</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Chippewa" class="mw-redirect" title="Chippewa">Chippewa</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the language, see <a href="/wiki/Chipewyan_language" title="Chipewyan language">Chipewyan language</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org"><span title="Chipewyan-language text"><span lang="chp">Dënesųłı̨ne</span></span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Chipewyan-in-a-canoe.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Chipewyan-in-a-canoe.jpg/220px-Chipewyan-in-a-canoe.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Chipewyan-in-a-canoe.jpg/330px-Chipewyan-in-a-canoe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Chipewyan-in-a-canoe.jpg/440px-Chipewyan-in-a-canoe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1049" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">A Chipewyan woman and child set out to hunt muskrat in <a href="/wiki/Garson_Lake,_Saskatchewan" title="Garson Lake, Saskatchewan">Garson Lake, Saskatchewan</a>.</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">30,910 (2016 census)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Canada</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a></th><td class="infobox-data">12,875</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territories" title="Northwest Territories">Northwest Territories</a></th><td class="infobox-data">7,820</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a></th><td class="infobox-data">6,350</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">Manitoba</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1,905</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1,225</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">English, <a href="/wiki/Chipewyan_language" title="Chipewyan language">Denesuline</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Animism" title="Animism">Animism</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Related ethnic groups</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Dene" title="Dene">Dene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yellowknives" title="Yellowknives">Yellowknives</a>, <a href="/wiki/T%C5%82%C4%B1%CC%A8ch%C7%AB" title="Tłı̨chǫ">Tłı̨chǫ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slavey" title="Slavey">Slavey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sahtu" title="Sahtu">Sahtu</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Chipewyan</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="/tʃ/: 'ch' in 'China'">tʃ</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'w' in 'wind'">w</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">CHIP</span>-ə-<span style="font-size:90%">WY</span>-ən</i></a>, also called <i><b>Denésoliné</b></i> or <i><b>Dënesųłı̨né</b></i> or <i><b>Dënë Sųłınë́</b></i>, meaning "the original/real people")<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are a <a href="/wiki/Dene" title="Dene">Dene</a> group of <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Canada" title="Indigenous peoples in Canada">Indigenous Canadian people</a> belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Athabaskan_languages" title="Athabaskan languages">Athabaskan language family</a>, whose ancestors are identified with the <a href="/wiki/Taltheilei_Shale_tradition" title="Taltheilei Shale tradition">Taltheilei Shale archaeological tradition</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-canoe_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-canoe-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are part of the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Athabaskan_languages" title="Northern Athabaskan languages">Northern Athabascan</a> group of peoples, and hail from what is now <a href="/wiki/Western_Canada" title="Western Canada">Western Canada</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terminology">Terminology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chipewyan&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Terminology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kids_by_canoe_-_Dene_-_La_Loche_Sask_1943.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Kids_by_canoe_-_Dene_-_La_Loche_Sask_1943.jpg/220px-Kids_by_canoe_-_Dene_-_La_Loche_Sask_1943.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Kids_by_canoe_-_Dene_-_La_Loche_Sask_1943.jpg/330px-Kids_by_canoe_-_Dene_-_La_Loche_Sask_1943.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Kids_by_canoe_-_Dene_-_La_Loche_Sask_1943.jpg/440px-Kids_by_canoe_-_Dene_-_La_Loche_Sask_1943.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="406" /></a><figcaption>Denesuline children by canoe in <a href="/wiki/La_Loche" title="La Loche">La Loche</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The term <i>Chipewyan</i> (<span title="Cree-language text"><span lang="cr-Cans">ᒌᐯᐘᔮᐣ</span></span>) is an <a href="/wiki/Endonym_and_exonym" title="Endonym and exonym">exonym</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Cree_language" title="Cree language">Cree language</a> meaning 'pointed hides', referring to the design of their parkas.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The French-speaking missionaries to the northwest of the <a href="/wiki/Red_River_Colony" title="Red River Colony">Red River Colony</a> referred to the Chipewyan people as Montagnais in their documents written in French.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Montagnais simply means 'mountain people' or 'highlanders' in French and has been applied to many unrelated nations across North America over time. For example, the <a href="/wiki/Innu" title="Innu">Neenolino Innu</a> of northern Quebec are also called <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Montagnais</i></span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ethnography">Ethnography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chipewyan&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Ethnography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Historically, the Denesuline were allied to some degree with the southerly <a href="/wiki/Cree" title="Cree">Cree</a>, and warred against <a href="/wiki/Inuit" title="Inuit">Inuit</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Dene" title="Dene">Dene</a> peoples to the north of Chipewyan lands. </p><p>An important historic Denesuline is <a href="/wiki/Thanadelthur" title="Thanadelthur">Thanadelthur</a> ("Marten Jumping"), a young woman who early in the 18th century helped her people to establish peace with the Cree, and to get involved with the fur trade.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Sayisi_Dene" title="Sayisi Dene">Sayisi Dene</a> of <a href="/wiki/Northern_Manitoba" title="Northern Manitoba">northern Manitoba</a> are a Chipewyan band notable for hunting migratory <a href="/wiki/Reindeer" title="Reindeer">caribou</a>. They were historically located at Little Duck Lake and known as the "Duck Lake Dene". In 1956, the government forcibly relocated them to the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Churchill" title="Port of Churchill">port of Churchill</a> on the shore of <a href="/wiki/Hudson_Bay" title="Hudson Bay">Hudson Bay</a> and a small village north of <a href="/wiki/Churchill,_Manitoba" title="Churchill, Manitoba">Churchill</a> called North Knife River, joining other Dene and becoming members of "Fort Churchill Chipewyan Band". In the 1970s, the "Duck Lake Dene" opted for self-reliance, a return to caribou hunting, and relocated to <a href="/wiki/Tadoule_Lake" title="Tadoule Lake">Tadoule Lake</a>, legally becoming "Sayisi Dene First Nation (Tadoule Lake, Manitoba)" in the 1990s.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chipewyan&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist" style="width:18.0em;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:135%;font-weight:heavy;"><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Canada" title="Indigenous peoples in Canada">Indigenous peoples<br />in Canada</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Canada" title="Indigenous peoples in Canada"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Transparentadicon.png/130px-Transparentadicon.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Transparentadicon.png/195px-Transparentadicon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Transparentadicon.png/260px-Transparentadicon.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/First_Nations_in_Canada" title="First Nations in Canada">First Nations</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Inuit" title="Inuit">Inuit</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tis_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Métis in Canada">Métis</a></b></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; text-align: center; padding-left:0.4em;;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_First_Nations_history" title="Timeline of First Nations history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_indigenous_peoples_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the indigenous peoples of Canada">Pre-colonization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_history_of_indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="Genetic history of indigenous peoples of the Americas">Genetics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Settler_colonialism_in_Canada" title="Settler colonialism in Canada">Settler colonialism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_genocide_of_Indigenous_peoples" title="Canadian genocide of Indigenous peoples">Genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Indian_residential_school_system" title="Canadian Indian residential school system">Residential schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_hospital" title="Indian hospital">Indian hospitals</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truth_and_Reconciliation_Commission_of_Canada" title="Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada">Reconciliation</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; text-align: center; padding-left:0.4em;;color: var(--color-base)">Politics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Indigenous_law" title="Canadian Indigenous law">Indigenous law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Columbia_Treaty_Process" title="British Columbia Treaty Process">British Columbia Treaty Process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Canadian_Crown_and_Indigenous_peoples_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="The Canadian Crown and Indigenous peoples of Canada">Crown and Indigenous peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Health_Transfer_Policy" title="Indian Health Transfer Policy">Health Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idle_No_More" title="Idle No More">Idle No More</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Indian_Act" title="Indian Act">Indian Act</a></i></li> <li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_and_Northern_Affairs_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada">Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada</a></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_Back" title="Land Back">Land Back</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_land_claims_in_Canada" title="Indigenous land claims in Canada">Land claims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_defender" title="Land defender">Land defender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_land_title_in_Canada" title="Aboriginal land title in Canada">Land title</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missing_and_Murdered_Indigenous_Women" title="Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women">Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numbered_Treaties" title="Numbered Treaties">Numbered Treaties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Commission_on_Aboriginal_Peoples" title="Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples">Royal Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_self-government_in_Canada" title="Indigenous self-government in Canada">Self-government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_specific_land_claims_in_Canada" title="Indigenous specific land claims in Canada">Specific claims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_rights" title="Treaty rights">Treaty rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_genocide_of_Indigenous_peoples" title="Canadian genocide of Indigenous peoples">Genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Canadian_Aboriginal_case_law" title="Category:Canadian Aboriginal case law">Case law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indigenous_organizations_in_Canada" title="Category:Indigenous organizations in Canada">Organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indigenous_politics_in_Canada" title="Category:Indigenous politics in Canada">Politics</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; text-align: center; padding-left:0.4em;;color: var(--color-base)">Culture</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inuit_art" title="Inuit art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indigenous_culture_in_Canada" title="Category:Indigenous culture in Canada">Indigenous cultures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Canadian_personalities" title="Indigenous Canadian personalities">Indigenous personalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_food" class="mw-redirect" title="Country food">Country food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_music_of_Canada" title="Indigenous music of Canada">Music</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; text-align: center; padding-left:0.4em;;color: var(--color-base)">Demographics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_reserve" title="Indian reserve">Indian reserves</a></li> <li>AB <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Nations_in_Alberta" title="First Nations in Alberta">FN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tis_in_Alberta" title="Métis in Alberta">Métis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indigenous_peoples_in_Atlantic_Canada" title="Category:Indigenous peoples in Atlantic Canada">Atlantic CA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indigenous_peoples_in_British_Columbia" title="Category:Indigenous peoples in British Columbia">BC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Nations_in_Manitoba" title="First Nations in Manitoba">MB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indigenous_peoples_in_Ontario" title="Category:Indigenous peoples in Ontario">ON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Quebec" title="Indigenous peoples in Quebec">QC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Nations_in_Saskatchewan" title="First Nations in Saskatchewan">SK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Northern_Canada" title="Indigenous peoples in Northern Canada">Territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Pacific_Northwest_Coast" title="Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast">Pacific Coast</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; text-align: center; padding-left:0.4em;;color: var(--color-base)">Linguistics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Canada#Aboriginal_languages" title="Languages of Canada">Indigenous languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inuit_languages" title="Inuit languages">Inuit languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinuk_Wawa" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinuk Wawa">Chinuk Wawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_English_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Aboriginal English in Canada">Indigenous English Dialects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Americanist_phonetic_notation" title="Americanist phonetic notation">NAPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics" title="Canadian Aboriginal syllabics">Aboriginal syllabics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinook_Writing" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinook Writing">Chinuk pipa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inuit_grammar" title="Inuit grammar">Inuit grammar</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; text-align: center; padding-left:0.4em;;color: var(--color-base)">Religions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mythologies_of_the_indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="Mythologies of the indigenous peoples of the Americas">Traditional beliefs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inuit_religion" title="Inuit religion">Inuit religion</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; text-align: center; padding-left:0.4em;;color: var(--color-base)">Index</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_articles_related_to_Indigenous_Canadians" title="Index of articles related to Indigenous Canadians">Index of articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indigenous_peoples_in_Canada" title="Category:Indigenous peoples in Canada">Indigenous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:First_Nations_in_Canada" title="Category:First Nations in Canada">First Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Inuit" title="Category:Inuit">Inuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Canadian_M%C3%A9tis_people" title="Category:Canadian Métis people">Métis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indigenous_peoples_of_North_America_stubs" title="Category:Indigenous peoples of North America stubs">Stubs</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/MAYA-g-log-cal-D10-Ok.svg/16px-MAYA-g-log-cal-D10-Ok.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/MAYA-g-log-cal-D10-Ok.svg/25px-MAYA-g-log-cal-D10-Ok.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/MAYA-g-log-cal-D10-Ok.svg/32px-MAYA-g-log-cal-D10-Ok.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="319" data-file-height="299" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Portal:Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Indigenous North Americas</a><br /><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/20px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/40px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="305" data-file-height="343" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Canada" title="Portal:Canada">Canada portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Indigenous_Peoples_of_Canada" title="Template:Indigenous Peoples of Canada"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Indigenous_Peoples_of_Canada" title="Template talk:Indigenous Peoples of Canada"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Indigenous_Peoples_of_Canada" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Indigenous Peoples of Canada"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Chipewyan_language" title="Chipewyan language">Chipewyan language</a></div> <p>The Chipewyan used to be largely nomadic, organized into small bands and temporarily lived in <a href="/wiki/Tipi" title="Tipi">tepees</a>. They wore one-piece pants and <a href="/wiki/Moccasin" title="Moccasin">moccasin</a> outfits. However, their nomadic lifestyle began to erode in 1717 when they encountered English entrepreneurs. The Chipewyan subsequently became important in the <a href="/wiki/Subarctic" title="Subarctic">subarctic</a> trade by <a href="/wiki/Fur_trade" title="Fur trade">exchanging furs and hides</a> for metal tools, guns and cloth.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Modern Chipewyan are either fluidly sedentary or semi-nomadic in lifestyle. Many still practice their traditional lifestyle for subsistence including fishing or caribou hunting although this process is modernized with the use of modern nets, tools, transportation and more.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Language">Language</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chipewyan&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chipewyan_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Chipewyan_map.svg/250px-Chipewyan_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Chipewyan_map.svg/330px-Chipewyan_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Chipewyan_map.svg/500px-Chipewyan_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="428" /></a><figcaption>Historical distribution of the Denesuline language</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><table class="infobox" style="background:#fff6d9"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#fee8ab">People</th><td class="infobox-data"><b>Dënë Sųłinë́<br />ᑌᓀ ᓱᒼᕄᓀ</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#fee8ab">Language</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chipewyan_language" title="Chipewyan language">Dënë Sųłinë́ Yatıé<br />ᑌᓀ ᓱᒼᕄᓀ ᔭᕠᐁ</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#fee8ab">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">Dënë Sųłinë́ Nëné,<br />ᑌᓀᓱᐠᒼᕄᓀ ᓀᓀ,<br />     Denendeh<br />     ᑌᓀᐣᑌᐧ</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Denesuline (Chipewyan) speak the <a href="/wiki/Chipewyan_language" title="Chipewyan language">Denesuline language</a>, of the <a href="/wiki/Athabaskan_languages" title="Athabaskan languages">Athabaskan</a> linguistic group. Denesuline is spoken by <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Canada" title="Indigenous peoples in Canada">Indigenous peoples in Canada</a> whose name for themselves is a cognate of the word <span title="Chipewyan-language text"><i lang="chp-Latn">dene</i></span> ("people"): <span title="Chipewyan-language text"><i lang="chp-Latn">Denésoliné</i></span> (or <span title="Chipewyan-language text"><i lang="chp-Latn">Dënesųłiné</i></span>). Speakers of the language speak different dialects but understand each other. There is a 'k', t dialect that most people speak. For example, people in Fond du lac, <span title="Chipewyan-language text"><i lang="chp-Latn">Gąnı kuę́</i></span> speak the 'k' and say <span title="Chipewyan-language text"><i lang="chp-Latn">yaki ku</i></span> while others who use the 't' say <span title="Chipewyan-language text"><i lang="chp-Latn">yati tu</i></span>. </p><p>The name <i>Chipewyan</i> is, like many people of the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Prairies" title="Canadian Prairies">Canadian Prairies</a>, of <a href="/wiki/Algonquian_languages" title="Algonquian languages">Algonquian</a> origin. It is derived from the <a href="/wiki/Plains_Cree_language" title="Plains Cree language">Plains Cree</a> name for them, <span title="Plains Cree-language text"><i lang="crk-Latn">Cīpwayān</i></span> (<span title="Plains Cree-language text"><span lang="crk-Cans">ᒌᐘᔮᐣ</span></span>), "pointed skin", from <span title="Plains Cree-language text"><i lang="crk-Latn">cīpwāw</i></span> (<span title="Plains Cree-language text"><span lang="crk-Cans">ᒌᐚᐤ</span></span>), "to be pointed"; and <span title="Plains Cree-language text"><i lang="crk-Latn">wayān</i></span> (<span title="Plains Cree-language text"><span lang="crk-Cans">ᐘᔮᐣ</span></span>), "skin" or "hide" - a reference to the cut and style of Chipewyan <a href="/wiki/Parka" title="Parka">parkas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most Chipewyan people now use <i>Dene</i> and <i>Denesuline</i> to describe themselves and their language. The Saskatchewan communities of <a href="/wiki/Fond_du_Lac_Denesuline_First_Nation" title="Fond du Lac Denesuline First Nation">Fond-du-Lac</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Black_Lake_Denesuline_First_Nation" title="Black Lake Denesuline First Nation">Black Lake</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Hatchet_Lake_Denesuline_First_Nation" title="Hatchet Lake Denesuline First Nation">Wollaston Lake</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are a few. </p><p>Despite the superficial similarity of the names, the Chipewyan are not related to the <i>Chippewa</i> (<a href="/wiki/Ojibwe" title="Ojibwe">Ojibwe</a>) people. </p><p>In 2015, Shene Catholique-Valpy, a Chipewyan woman in the <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territories" title="Northwest Territories">Northwest Territories</a>, challenged the territorial government over its refusal to permit her to use the <a href="/wiki/Glottal_stop_(letter)" title="Glottal stop (letter)">letter <span class="nowrap">⟨ʔ⟩</span></a> in her daughter's name, Sahaiʔa. The territory argued that territorial and federal identity documents were unable to accommodate the letter. Sahaiʔa's mother finally registered her name with a hyphen in place of the <span class="nowrap">⟨ʔ⟩</span>, while continuing to challenge the policy. Shortly afterwards, another woman named Andrea Heron also challenged the territory on the same grounds, for refusing to accept the letter <span class="nowrap">⟨ʔ⟩</span> in her daughter's <a href="/wiki/Slavey_language" title="Slavey language">Slavey</a> name, Sakaeʔah (actually a cognate of Sahaiʔa).<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chipewyan&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chipewyan peoples live in the region spanning the western <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Shield" title="Canadian Shield">Canadian Shield</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territories" title="Northwest Territories">Northwest Territories</a>, including northern parts of the provinces of <a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">Manitoba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a>. There are also many burial and archaeological sites in <a href="/wiki/Nunavut" title="Nunavut">Nunavut</a> which are part of the Dënesųłı̨ne group. </p><p>The following list of <a href="/wiki/First_Nations_in_Canada" title="First Nations in Canada">First Nations</a> band governments had in August 2016 a total registered membership of 25,519, with 11,315 in Saskatchewan, 6,952 in Alberta, 3,038 in Manitoba and 4,214 in the Northwest Territories. All had Denesuline populations; however, several had a combination of <a href="/wiki/Cree" title="Cree">Cree</a> and Denesuline members (see the <a href="/wiki/Barren_Lands_First_Nation" title="Barren Lands First Nation">Barren Lands First Nation</a> in Manitoba and the <a href="/wiki/Fort_McMurray_First_Nation" title="Fort McMurray First Nation">Fort McMurray First Nation</a> in Alberta). </p><p>There are also many Dene (Dënesųlı̨ne)-speaking <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tis" title="Métis">Métis</a> communities located throughout the region. The Saskatchewan village of <a href="/wiki/La_Loche" title="La Loche">La Loche</a>, for example, had 2,300 residents who in the 2011 census identified as speaking Dene (Denesuline) as their native language.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> About 1,800 of the residents were Métis and about 600 were members of the <a href="/wiki/Clearwater_River_Dene_Nation" title="Clearwater River Dene Nation">Clearwater River Dene Nation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Commemorations">Commemorations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chipewyan&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Commemorations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The relocation of the <a href="/wiki/Sayisi_Dene" title="Sayisi Dene">Sayisi Dene</a> is commemorated by the Dene Memorial in <a href="/wiki/Churchill,_Manitoba" title="Churchill, Manitoba">Churchill, Manitoba</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_Chipewyan_regional_groups">Historical Chipewyan regional groups</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chipewyan&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Historical Chipewyan regional groups"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Chipewyan" title="Special:EditPage/Chipewyan">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. 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data-file-height="942" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:57.625%;left:31.936%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Chipewyan"><img alt="Chipewyan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/5px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/10px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:58.072%;left:33.244%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Chipewyan"><img alt="Chipewyan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/5px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/10px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:58.39%;left:33.431%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Chipewyan"><img alt="Chipewyan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/5px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/10px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:61.166%;left:35.58%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Chipewyan"><img alt="Chipewyan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/5px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/10px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:63.459%;left:28.512%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Chipewyan"><img alt="Chipewyan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/5px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/5px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/10px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:65.265%;left:30.111%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Chipewyan"><img alt="Chipewyan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/5px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/10px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:60.21%;left:37.414%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Chipewyan"><img alt="Chipewyan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/5px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/10px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:60.285%;left:40.461%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Chipewyan"><img alt="Chipewyan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/5px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/10px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:68.119%;left:26.588%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Chipewyan"><img alt="Chipewyan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/5px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/10px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:64.437%;left:26.655%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Chipewyan"><img alt="Chipewyan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/5px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/10px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:54.864%;left:27.731%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Chipewyan"><img alt="Chipewyan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/5px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/5px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/10px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:56.497%;left:30.053%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Chipewyan"><img alt="Chipewyan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/5px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/10px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:62.228%;left:29.079%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Chipewyan"><img alt="Chipewyan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/5px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/10px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:64.085%;left:28.233%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Chipewyan"><img alt="Chipewyan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/5px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/10px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:63.712%;left:28.446%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Chipewyan"><img alt="Chipewyan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/5px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/10px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:64.947%;left:28.752%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Chipewyan"><img alt="Chipewyan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/5px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/10px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:61.201%;left:26.553%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Chipewyan"><img alt="Chipewyan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/5px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/10px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:51.725%;left:26.723%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Chipewyan"><img alt="Chipewyan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/5px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/10px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:49.844%;left:29.961%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Chipewyan"><img alt="Chipewyan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/5px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/10px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Canada_relief_map_2.svg" title="File:Canada relief map 2.svg">class=notpageimage| </a></div>Villages in Canada with a Denesuline speaking population</div></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738" /><div class="locmap noviewer noresize thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:252px"><div style="position:relative;width:250px;border:1px solid lightgray"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Canada_Saskatchewan_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chipewyan is located in Saskatchewan"><img alt="Chipewyan is located in Saskatchewan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Canada_Saskatchewan_relief_location_map.jpg/250px-Canada_Saskatchewan_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Canada_Saskatchewan_relief_location_map.jpg/500px-Canada_Saskatchewan_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2184" data-file-height="2691" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:8.448%;left:42.563%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Fond-du-Lac"><img alt="Fond-du-Lac" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div><a href="/wiki/Fond_du_Lac_Denesuline_First_Nation" title="Fond du Lac Denesuline First Nation">Fond-du-Lac</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:9.052%;left:51.063%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Stony Rapids"><img alt="Stony Rapids" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:4px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Stony_Rapids" title="Stony Rapids">Stony Rapids</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:10.086%;left:52.5%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Black Lake"><img alt="Black Lake" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Locator_Dot2.gif/7px-Locator_Dot2.gif" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Locator_Dot2.gif/11px-Locator_Dot2.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Locator_Dot2.gif/14px-Locator_Dot2.gif 2x" data-file-width="15" data-file-height="15" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:5px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Black_Lake_Denesuline_First_Nation" title="Black Lake Denesuline First Nation">Black Lake</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:18.966%;left:67.7%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Wollaston Lake"><img alt="Wollaston Lake" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Locator_Dot2.gif/7px-Locator_Dot2.gif" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Locator_Dot2.gif/11px-Locator_Dot2.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Locator_Dot2.gif/14px-Locator_Dot2.gif 2x" data-file-width="15" data-file-height="15" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Hatchet_Lake_Denesuline_First_Nation" title="Hatchet Lake Denesuline First Nation">Wollaston Lake</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:32.931%;left:28.562%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="La Loche"><img alt="La Loche" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Locator_Dot2.gif/7px-Locator_Dot2.gif" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Locator_Dot2.gif/11px-Locator_Dot2.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Locator_Dot2.gif/14px-Locator_Dot2.gif 2x" data-file-width="15" data-file-height="15" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/La_Loche" title="La Loche">La Loche</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:33.017%;left:33.125%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Turnor Lake"><img alt="Turnor Lake" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div><a href="/wiki/Turnor_Lake" title="Turnor Lake">Turnor Lake</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:37.69%;left:31.644%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Dillon"><img alt="Dillon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div><a href="/wiki/Dillon,_Saskatchewan" title="Dillon, Saskatchewan">Dillon</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:38.017%;left:39.375%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Patuanak"><img alt="Patuanak" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div><a href="/wiki/Patuanak" title="Patuanak">Patuanak</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:14.483%;left:78.25%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Lac Brochet"><img alt="Lac Brochet" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div><a href="/wiki/Lac_Brochet,_Manitoba" title="Lac Brochet, Manitoba">Lac Brochet</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:13.707%;left:97%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Tadoule Lake"><img alt="Tadoule Lake" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div><a href="/wiki/Tadoule_Lake" title="Tadoule Lake">Tadoule Lake</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:51.759%;left:23.187%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Cold Lake"><img alt="Cold Lake" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div><a href="/wiki/Cold_Lake_149" title="Cold Lake 149">Cold Lake</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:38.405%;left:19.35%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Janvier"><img alt="Janvier" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div><a href="/wiki/Janvier_South" title="Janvier South">Janvier</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:2.586%;left:13.187%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Fort Smith"><img alt="Fort Smith" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:4px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Fort_Smith,_Northwest_Territories" title="Fort Smith, Northwest Territories">Fort Smith</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:13.672%;left:17.762%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Fort Chipewyan"><img alt="Fort Chipewyan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div><a href="/wiki/Fort_Chipewyan" title="Fort Chipewyan">Fort Chipewyan</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:44.44%;left:39.938%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="La Plonge"><img alt="La Plonge" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div><a href="/wiki/Beauval,_Saskatchewan" title="Beauval, Saskatchewan">La Plonge</a></div></div></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Canada_Saskatchewan_relief_location_map.jpg" title="File:Canada Saskatchewan relief location map.jpg">class=notpageimage| </a></div>15 communities in Canada with Denesuline populations. Flashing dots are villages with over 1,000 speakers.</div></div></div> <p>The Chipewyan moved in small groups or bands, consisting of several extended families, alternating between winter and summer camps. The groups participated in hunting, trapping, fishing and gathering in Canada's <a href="/wiki/Taiga" title="Taiga">boreal forest</a> and around the many lakes of their territory. Later, with the emerging <a href="/wiki/North_American_fur_trade" title="North American fur trade">North American fur trade</a>, they organized into several major regional groups in the vicinity of the European <a href="/wiki/Trading_post" title="Trading post">trading posts</a> to control, as middleman, the carrying trade in furs and the hunting of fur-bearing animals. The new social groupings also enabled the Chipewyan to dominate their <a href="/wiki/Dene" title="Dene">Dene</a> neighbours and to better defend themselves against their rifle-armed <a href="/wiki/Cree" title="Cree">Cree</a> enemies, who were advancing to the <a href="/wiki/Peace_River" title="Peace River">Peace River</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lake_Athabasca" title="Lake Athabasca">Lake Athabasca</a>. </p> <ul><li><i>Kaí-theli-ke-hot!ínne (K'aı́tëlı́ hót'ı̨ne)</i> ('willow flat-country up they-dwell') lived on the western shore of Lake Athabasca at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Chipewyan" title="Fort Chipewyan">Fort Chipewyan</a>. Their tribal area extended northward to <a href="/wiki/Fort_Smith,_Northwest_Territories" title="Fort Smith, Northwest Territories">Fort Smith</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Slave_River" title="Slave River">Slave River</a> and south to <a href="/wiki/Fort_McMurray" title="Fort McMurray">Fort McMurray</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Athabasca_River" title="Athabasca River">Athabasca River</a><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Kés-ye-hot!ínne (K'ësyëhót'ı̨ne)</i> ('aspen house they-dwell' or 'poplar house they-dwell') lived on the upper reaches of the <a href="/wiki/Churchill_River_(Hudson_Bay)" title="Churchill River (Hudson Bay)">Churchill River</a>, along the <a href="/wiki/Lac_%C3%8Ele-%C3%A0-la-Crosse" title="Lac Île-à-la-Crosse">Lac Île-à-la-Crosse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Methye_Portage" title="Methye Portage">Methye Portage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cold_Lake_(Alberta)" title="Cold Lake (Alberta)">Cold Lake</a>, Heart Lake and Onion Lake. The tribal name is probably a description of adjacent Chipewyan groups for this major regional group and takes literally reference to the Lac Ile à la Crosse established European trading forts which were built with <a href="/wiki/Populus" title="Populus">Poplar</a> or <a href="/wiki/Aspen" title="Aspen">Aspen</a> wood.</li> <li><i>Hoteladi Hótthę̈nádé dëne</i> ('northern people') lived north of the <i>Kés-ye-hot!ínne</i> between <a href="/wiki/Cree_Lake" title="Cree Lake">Cree Lake</a>, west of <a href="/wiki/Reindeer_Lake" title="Reindeer Lake">Reindeer Lake</a> on the south and on the east shore of Lake Athabasca in the north.</li> <li><i>Hâthél-hot!inne (Hátthëlót'ı̨ne)</i> ('lowland they-dwell') lived in the <a href="/wiki/Reindeer_Lake" title="Reindeer Lake">Reindeer Lake</a> (ɂëtthën tué) region which drains south into the Churchill River.</li> <li><i>Etthen eldili dene</i> (<i>Etthén heldélį Dené</i>, <i>Ethen-eldeli</i> - '<a href="/wiki/Migratory_woodland_caribou" title="Migratory woodland caribou">Caribou</a>-Eaters') lived in the <a href="/wiki/Taiga" title="Taiga">taiga</a> east of Lake Athabasca far east to <a href="/wiki/Hudson_Bay" title="Hudson Bay">Hudson Bay</a>, at Reindeer Lake, <a href="/wiki/Hatchet_Lake_(Saskatchewan)" title="Hatchet Lake (Saskatchewan)">Hatchet Lake</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wollaston_Lake" title="Wollaston Lake">Wollaston Lake</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lac_Brochet" title="Lac Brochet">Lac Brochet</a></li> <li><i>Kkrest'ayle kke ottine</i> ('dwellers among the quaking aspens' or 'trembling aspen people') lived in the boreal forests between <a href="/wiki/Great_Slave_Lake" title="Great Slave Lake">Great Slave Lake</a> in the south and <a href="/wiki/Great_Bear_Lake" title="Great Bear Lake">Great Bear Lake</a> in the north.</li> <li><i>Sayisi Dene (Saı́yısı́ dëne)</i> (or <i>Saw-eessaw-dinneh</i> - 'people of the east') traded at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Chipewyan" title="Fort Chipewyan">Fort Chipewyan</a>. Their hunting and tribal areas extended between <a href="/wiki/Lake_Athabasca" title="Lake Athabasca">Lake Athabasca</a> and Great Slave Lake, and along the Churchill River.</li> <li><i>Gáne-kúnan-hot!ínne (Gąnı̨ kuę hót'ı̨ne)</i> ('jack-pine home they-dwell') lived in the taiga east of Lake Athabasca and were particularly centred along the eastern <a href="/wiki/Fond_du_Lac_Denesuline_First_Nation" title="Fond du Lac Denesuline First Nation">Fond-du-Lac</a> area.</li> <li><i>Des-nèdhè-kkè-nadè (Dësnëdhé k'e náradé dëne)</i> (<i>Desnedekenade</i>, <i>Desnedhé hoį́é nadé hot'įnę́</i> - 'people along the great river') were also known as <i>Athabasca Chipewyan</i>. They lived between Great Slave Lake and Lake Athabasca along the Slave River near <a href="/wiki/Fort_Resolution" title="Fort Resolution">Fort Resolution</a> (<i>Denı́nu Kų́ę́</i><sup id="cite_ref-BTR_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BTR-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> — '<a href="/wiki/Moose" title="Moose">moose</a> Island').</li> <li><i>Thilanottine (Tthı́lą́ne hót'ı̨ne)</i> (<i>Tu tthílá hot'įnę́</i> — 'those who dwell at the head of the lakes' or 'people of the end of the head') lived along the lakes of the Upper Churchill River area, along the Churchill River and Athabasca River, from Great Slave Lake and Lake Athabasca in the north to <a href="/wiki/Cold_Lake_(Alberta)" title="Cold Lake (Alberta)">Cold Lake</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lac_La_Biche_(Alberta)" title="Lac La Biche (Alberta)">Lac La Biche</a> in the southwest.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Tandzán-hot!ínne (Tálzą́hót'ı̨ne)</i> ('dwellers at the dirty lake', also known as <i>Dení-nu-eke-tówe</i> - 'moose island up lake-on') lived on the northern shore of <a href="/wiki/Great_Slave_Lake" title="Great Slave Lake">Great Slave Lake</a> and along the <a href="/wiki/Yellowknife_River" title="Yellowknife River">Yellowknife River</a>, and before their expulsion by the <a href="/wiki/T%C5%82%C4%B1%CC%A8ch%C7%AB" title="Tłı̨chǫ">Tłı̨chǫ</a> along the <a href="/wiki/Coppermine_River" title="Coppermine River">Coppermine River</a>. They were often regarded as a Chipewyan group, but form as "<a href="/wiki/Yellowknives" title="Yellowknives">Yellowknives</a>" historically an independent First Nation and called themselves <i>T'atsaot'ine (T'átsąnót'ı̨ne</i>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governance">Governance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chipewyan&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Governance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Dënesųłı̨ne people are part of many <a href="/wiki/Band_government" title="Band government">band governments</a> spanning Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba and the Northwest Territories. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alberta">Alberta</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chipewyan&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Alberta"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Denesuline peoples in Alberta </caption> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Tribal_council" title="Tribal council">Tribal council</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/First_Nations_in_Canada" title="First Nations in Canada">First Nations</a> </th> <th>Headquarters </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Indian_reserve" title="Indian reserve">Reserves</a> </th> <th>Area </th> <th>Population </th> <th>Notes and references </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Athabasca_Tribal_Council" title="Athabasca Tribal Council">Athabasca Tribal Council</a></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Athabasca_Chipewyan_First_Nation" title="Athabasca Chipewyan First Nation">Athabasca Chipewyan First Nation</a></span><br />(<i>K'ai Taile Dené</i>)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Chipewyan" title="Fort Chipewyan">Fort Chipewyan</a><br />(<i>K'aı́tël koę</i>)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chipewyan_201" title="Chipewyan 201">Chipewyan 201</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Chipewyan_201A" title="Chipewyan 201A">Chipewyan 201A</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Chipewyan_201B" title="Chipewyan 201B">Chipewyan 201B</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Chipewyan_201C" title="Chipewyan 201C">Chipewyan 201C</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Chipewyan_201D" title="Chipewyan 201D">Chipewyan 201D</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Chipewyan_201E" title="Chipewyan 201E">Chipewyan 201E</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Chipewyan_201F" title="Chipewyan 201F">Chipewyan 201F</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Chipewyan_201G" title="Chipewyan 201G">Chipewyan 201G</a></td> <td align="right">34,767.7 ha<br />134.239 sq mi</td> <td align="right">1,533</td> <td>Tribal council, name and <abbr title="headquarters">HQ</abbr>,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> reserves and area,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> population (February 2025)<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Athabasca_Tribal_Council" title="Athabasca Tribal Council">Athabasca Tribal Council</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_McKay_First_Nation" title="Fort McKay First Nation">Fort McKay First Nation</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_McKay" title="Fort McKay">Fort McKay</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_McKay_174" title="Fort McKay 174">Fort McKay 174</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Fort_McKay_174C" title="Fort McKay 174C">Fort McKay 174C</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Fort_McKay_174D" title="Fort McKay 174D">Fort McKay 174D</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Namur_Lake_174B" title="Namur Lake 174B">Namur Lake 174B</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Namur_River_174A" title="Namur River 174A">Namur River 174A</a></td> <td align="right">14,886 ha<br />57.48 sq mi</td> <td align="right">1,042</td> <td>Tribal council, name and <abbr title="headquarters">HQ</abbr>,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> reserves and area,<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> population (February 2025)<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Athabasca_Tribal_Council" title="Athabasca Tribal Council">Athabasca Tribal Council</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chipewyan_Prairie_First_Nation" title="Chipewyan Prairie First Nation">Chipewyan Prairie First Nation</a><br />(<i>Tł'ógh tëlı́ dënesųłı̨ne</i>)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Janvier_South" title="Janvier South">Chard</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cowper_Lake_194A" title="Cowper Lake 194A">Cowper Lake 194A</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Janvier_194" title="Janvier 194">Janvier 194</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Winefred_Lake_194B" title="Winefred Lake 194B">Winefred Lake 194B</a></td> <td align="right">3,079.7 ha<br />11.891 sq mi</td> <td align="right">1,018</td> <td>Tribal council, name and <abbr title="headquarters">HQ</abbr>,<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> reserves and area,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> population (February 2025)<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Athabasca_Tribal_Council" title="Athabasca Tribal Council">Athabasca Tribal Council</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_McMurray_First_Nation" title="Fort McMurray First Nation">Fort McMurray First Nation</a><br />(<i>Tthı̨dłı̨ kuę́</i>)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_McMurray" title="Fort McMurray">Fort McMurray</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Clearwater_175" title="Clearwater 175">Clearwater 175</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Gregoire_Lake_176" title="Gregoire Lake 176">Gregoire Lake 176</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Gregoire_Lake_176A" title="Gregoire Lake 176A">Gregoire Lake 176A</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Gregoire_Lake_176B" title="Gregoire Lake 176B">Gregoire Lake 176B</a></td> <td align="right">3,231.7 ha<br />12.478 sq mi</td> <td align="right">1,153</td> <td>Tribal council, name and <abbr title="headquarters">HQ</abbr>,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> reserves and area,<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> population (February 2025)<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Athabasca_Tribal_Council" title="Athabasca Tribal Council">Athabasca Tribal Council</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mikisew_Cree_First_Nation" title="Mikisew Cree First Nation">Mikisew Cree First Nation</a><br />(<i>ᒥᑭᓯᐤ</i>}</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Chipewyan" title="Fort Chipewyan">Fort Chipewyan</a><br />(<i>K'aı́tël koę</i>)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Allison_Bay_219" title="Allison Bay 219">Allison Bay 219</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lake_225" title="Charles Lake 225">Charles Lake 225</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Collin_Lake_223" title="Collin Lake 223">Collin Lake 223</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Cornwall_Lake_224" title="Cornwall Lake 224">Cornwall Lake 224</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Devil%27s_Gate_220" title="Devil's Gate 220">Devil's Gate 220</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Dog_Head_218" title="Dog Head 218">Dog Head 218</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Old_Fort_217" title="Old Fort 217">Old Fort 217</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Peace_Point_222" title="Peace Point 222">Peace Point 222</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Sandy_Point_221" title="Sandy Point 221">Sandy Point 221</a></td> <td align="right">5,116.1 ha<br />19.753 sq mi</td> <td align="right">3,281</td> <td>Despite the name, the population of this band is mixed with a "little over fifty percent" having Chipewyan ancestry in 2020 according to a former chief, whose own mother was Dene.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Name and <abbr title="headquarters">HQ</abbr>,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> reserves and area,<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> population (February 2025)<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tribal_Chiefs_Ventures_Incorporated&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tribal Chiefs Ventures Incorporated (page does not exist)">Tribal Chiefs Ventures Incorporated</a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cold_Lake_First_Nations" title="Cold Lake First Nations">Cold Lake First Nations</a><br />(<i>Łué chógh tué</i>)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cold_Lake,_Alberta" title="Cold Lake, Alberta">Cold Lake</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cold_Lake_149" title="Cold Lake 149">Cold Lake 149</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Cold_Lake_149A" title="Cold Lake 149A">Cold Lake 149A</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Cold_Lake_149B" title="Cold Lake 149B">Cold Lake 149B</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Cold_Lake_149C" title="Cold Lake 149C">Cold Lake 149C</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Blue_Quills_First_Nation_Indian_Reserve" title="Blue Quills First Nation Indian Reserve">Blue Quills</a></td> <td align="right">20,853.4 ha<br />80.515 sq mi</td> <td align="right">3,347</td> <td>Tribal council, name and <abbr title="headquarters">HQ</abbr>,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> reserves and area,<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> population (February 2025)<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Akaitcho_Territory_Government" title="Akaitcho Territory Government">Akaitcho Territory Government</a><br />(<i>Ɂákéchógh nęnę</i>)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Smith%27s_Landing_First_Nation" title="Smith's Landing First Nation">Smith's Landing First Nation</a><br />(<i>Tthëbátthı́ dënesųłı̨ne</i>)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Smith,_Northwest_Territories" title="Fort Smith, Northwest Territories">Fort Smith</a><br />(<i>Tthebacha</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-BTR_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BTR-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C9%81ej%C3%ABre_K%CA%BCeln%C4%B1_Ku%C4%99%CC%81_196I" title="Ɂejëre Kʼelnı Kuę́ 196I">Ɂejëre Kʼelnı Kuę́ 196I</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Hok%C3%A9dhe_Ku%C3%A9_196E" title="Hokédhe Kué 196E">Hokédhe Kué 196E</a><br /><a href="/wiki/K%CA%BC%C4%B1_Ku%C3%A9_196D" title="Kʼı Kué 196D">Kʼı Kué 196D</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%C5%81%C4%B1%CC%A8_Dez%C3%A9_196C" title="Łı̨ Dezé 196C">Łı̨ Dezé 196C</a><br /><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tthebacha_N%C3%A1re_196A" title="Tthebacha Náre 196A">Tthebacha Náre 196A</a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Tthebatth%C4%B1e_196" title="Tthebatthıe 196">Tthebatthıe 196</a><br /><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ts%CA%BCu_K%CA%BCadhe_Ku%C3%A9_196F" title="Tsʼu Kʼadhe Kué 196F">Tsʼu Kʼadhe Kué 196F</a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Ts%CA%BCu_Nedh%C3%A9_196H" title="Tsʼu Nedhé 196H">Tsʼu Nedhé 196H</a><br />Tsʼu Kué 196G<br /><a href="/wiki/Tthej%C3%ABre_Gha%C4%B1%CC%A8l%C4%B1%CC%A8_196B" title="Tthejëre Ghaı̨lı̨ 196B">Tthejëre Ghaı̨lı̨ 196B</a></td> <td align="right">20,853.4 ha<br />80.515 sq mi</td> <td align="right">3,347</td> <td>Headquarters are in the Northwest Territories but all reserves are in Alberta. <i>Tthebacha</i> meaning "beside the rapids" is the traditional Dene name for Fort Smith.<sup id="cite_ref-BTR_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BTR-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tribal council, name and <abbr title="headquarters">HQ</abbr>,<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> reserves and area,<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> population (February 2025)<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Manitoba">Manitoba</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chipewyan&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Manitoba"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Denesuline peoples in Manitoba </caption> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Tribal_council" title="Tribal council">Tribal council</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/First_Nations_in_Canada" title="First Nations in Canada">First Nations</a> </th> <th>Headquarters </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Indian_reserve" title="Indian reserve">Reserves</a> </th> <th>Area </th> <th>Population </th> <th>Notes and references </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Keewatin_Tribal_Council" title="Keewatin Tribal Council">Keewatin Tribal Council</a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Barren_Lands_First_Nation" title="Barren Lands First Nation">Barren Lands First Nation</a><br />(<i>Brochet Kuę́</i>)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brochet,_Manitoba" title="Brochet, Manitoba">Brochet</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brochet_197&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brochet 197 (page does not exist)">Brochet 197</a><br /><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barren_Lands_Indian_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barren Lands Indian Reserve (page does not exist)">Barren Lands Indian Reserve</a></span></td> <td align="right">4,372 ha<br />16.88 sq mi</td> <td align="right">1,286</td> <td>They have a <a href="/wiki/Cree" title="Cree">Cree</a> and Dene population. Tribal council, name and <abbr title="headquarters">HQ</abbr>,<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> reserves and area,<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> population (February 2025)<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Keewatin_Tribal_Council" title="Keewatin Tribal Council">Keewatin Tribal Council</a></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Northlands_Denesuline_First_Nation" title="Northlands Denesuline First Nation">Northlands Denesuline First Nation</a></span><br />(<i>ᓂ ᗂᘚ ᑌᓀ</i>, <i>Nįh hots’į Dene</i>)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lac_Brochet,_Manitoba" title="Lac Brochet, Manitoba">Lac Brochet</a><br /><span class="nowrap">(<i>ᑕᐤᕊ ᕤᐧᐁ</i>, <i>Dahlu T’ua</i>)</span></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasmere_Lake_B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kasmere Lake B (page does not exist)">Kasmere Lake B</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kesinltint%C3%BAwe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kesinltintúwe (page does not exist)">Kesinltintúwe</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Lac_Brochet,_Manitoba" title="Lac Brochet, Manitoba">Lac Brochet 197A</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luawaychotuw%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luawaychotuwé (page does not exist)">Luawaychotuwé</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luwechotuwe_Parcel_B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luwechotuwe Parcel B (page does not exist)">Luwechotuwe Parcel B</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luwechotuwe_Parcel_C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luwechotuwe Parcel C (page does not exist)">Luwechotuwe Parcel C</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Netelituwe_Site_C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Netelituwe Site C (page does not exist)">Netelituwe Site C</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitelit%C3%BAwe_Site_E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nitelitúwe Site E (page does not exist)">Nitelitúwe Site E</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=N%C4%AFtxeli_Tuw%C3%A9_1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nįtxeli Tuwé 1 (page does not exist)">Nįtxeli Tuwé 1</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=N%C4%AFtxeli_Tuw%C3%A9_2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nįtxeli Tuwé 2 (page does not exist)">Nįtxeli Tuwé 2</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=N%C4%AFtxeli_Tuw%C3%A9_4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nįtxeli Tuwé 4 (page does not exist)">Nįtxeli Tuwé 4</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Putahow_Lake_Site_A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Putahow Lake Site A (page does not exist)">Putahow Lake Site A</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Putahow_Lake_Site_B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Putahow Lake Site B (page does not exist)">Putahow Lake Site B</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Putahow_Lake_Site_C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Putahow Lake Site C (page does not exist)">Putahow Lake Site C</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Putahow_Lake_Site_D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Putahow Lake Site D (page does not exist)">Putahow Lake Site D</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Putahow_Lake_Site_F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Putahow Lake Site F (page does not exist)">Putahow Lake Site F</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sheth_Chok&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sheth Chok (page does not exist)">Sheth Chok</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tajabanilin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tajabanilin (page does not exist)">Tajabanilin</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tatuwe_Chok_Indian_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tatuwe Chok Indian Reserve (page does not exist)">Tatuwe Chok Indian Reserve</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thai_Da_Re&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thai Da Re (page does not exist)">Thai Da Re</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tha%C3%AD_Tuw%C3%A9_2_Indian_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thaí Tuwé 2 Indian Reserve (page does not exist)">Thaí Tuwé 2 Indian Reserve</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tha%C3%ADchon%C4%AFl%C4%AFni_Indian_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thaíchonįlįni Indian Reserve (page does not exist)">Thaíchonįlįni Indian Reserve</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tha%C3%ADdar%C3%A9_Indian_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thaídaré Indian Reserve (page does not exist)">Thaídaré Indian Reserve</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thi_Dare_Indian_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thi Dare Indian Reserve (page does not exist)">Thi Dare Indian Reserve</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thlewiaza_River_(reserve)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thlewiaza River (reserve) (page does not exist)">Thlewiaza River</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thuycholeeni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thuycholeeni (page does not exist)">Thuycholeeni</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thuycholeeni_Az%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thuycholeeni Azé (page does not exist)">Thuycholeeni Azé</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thuycholeeni_Lake_A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thuycholeeni Lake A (page does not exist)">Thuycholeeni Lake A</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thuycholeeni_Lake_B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thuycholeeni Lake B (page does not exist)">Thuycholeeni Lake B</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thuycholeeni_Lake_C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thuycholeeni Lake C (page does not exist)">Thuycholeeni Lake C</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tlock_Desi_Chiye&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tlock Desi Chiye (page does not exist)">Tlock Desi Chiye</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tthekal%C3%A9_Nu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tthekalé Nu (page does not exist)">Tthekalé Nu</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tu_Txan%C4%AFl%C4%AFni_Indian_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tu Txanįlįni Indian Reserve (page does not exist)">Tu Txanįlįni Indian Reserve</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C5%82%E2%80%99od%C4%AFzech%C3%A9_Indian_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tł’odįzeché Indian Reserve (page does not exist)">Tł’odįzeché Indian Reserve</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yathie_Nitaniah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yathie Nitaniah (page does not exist)">Yathie Nitaniah</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%81u%C3%A9cho_Tuw%C3%A9_1_Indian_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Łuécho Tuwé 1 Indian Reserve (page does not exist)">Łuécho Tuwé 1 Indian Reserve</a></td> <td align="right">24,695 ha<br />95.35 sq mi</td> <td align="right">1,216</td> <td>Tribal council, name and <abbr title="headquarters">HQ</abbr>,<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> reserves and area,<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> population (February 2025)<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Keewatin_Tribal_Council" title="Keewatin Tribal Council">Keewatin Tribal Council</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sayisi_Dene" title="Sayisi Dene">Sayisi Dene First Nation</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tadoule_Lake" title="Tadoule Lake">Tadoule Lake</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Churchill_1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Churchill 1 (page does not exist)">Churchill 1</a></td> <td align="right">212.1 ha<br />0.819 sq mi</td> <td align="right">920</td> <td>Formerly known as Fort Churchill Indian Band. Tribal council, name and <abbr title="headquarters">HQ</abbr>,<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> reserves and area,<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> population (February 2025)<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Northwest_Territories">Northwest Territories</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chipewyan&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Northwest Territories"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Denesuline peoples in the Northwest Territories </caption> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Tribal_council" title="Tribal council">Tribal council</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/First_Nations_in_Canada" title="First Nations in Canada">First Nations</a> </th> <th>Headquarters </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Indian_reserve" title="Indian reserve">Reserves</a> / community </th> <th>Area </th> <th>Population </th> <th>Notes and references </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Akaitcho_Territory_Government" title="Akaitcho Territory Government">Akaitcho Territory Government</a></span><br />(<i>Ɂákéchógh nęnę</i>)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Deninu_K%C5%B3%C4%99%CC%81_First_Nation" title="Deninu Kųę́ First Nation">Deninu Kųę́ First Nation</a><br />(<i>Deneh-noo-kweh</i>)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Resolution" title="Fort Resolution">Fort Resolution</a><br />(<i>Denı́nu Kų́ę́</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-BTR_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BTR-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fort_Resolution" title="Fort Resolution">Fort Resolution Settlement</a></span></td> <td align="right">0</td> <td align="right">1,096</td> <td>Formerly known as <a href="/wiki/Fort_Resolution" title="Fort Resolution">Fort Resolution</a> Dene. <i>Denı́nu Kų́ę́</i> translates as "moose island place"<sup id="cite_ref-BTR_22-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BTR-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i>Deneh-noo-kweh</i> as "People of moose island"' Tribal council, name and <abbr title="headquarters">HQ</abbr>,<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> reserves and area,<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> population (February 2025)<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Akaitcho_Territory_Government" title="Akaitcho Territory Government">Akaitcho Territory Government</a><br />(<i>Ɂákéchógh nęnę</i>)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C5%81uts%C3%ABl_K%27%C3%A9_Dene_First_Nation" title="Łutsël K'é Dene First Nation">Łutsël K'é Dene First Nation</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C5%81utselk%27e" title="Łutselk'e">Łutselk'e</a><br />(<i>Łútsę̀lk'é</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-BTR_22-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BTR-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C5%81utselk%27e" title="Łutselk'e">Snowdrift Settlement</a></td> <td align="right">0</td> <td align="right">868</td> <td>Formerly known as the Snowdrift Band. <i>Łútsę̀lk'é</i> translates as "place of the łútsę̀l", a type of small fish known as a cisco (<i><a href="/wiki/Coregonus_artedi" title="Coregonus artedi">Coregonus artedi</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-BTR_22-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BTR-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tribal council, name and <abbr title="headquarters">HQ</abbr>,<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> reserves and area,<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> population (February 2025)<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Akaitcho_Territory_Government" title="Akaitcho Territory Government">Akaitcho Territory Government</a><br />(<i>Ɂákéchógh nęnę</i>)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Salt_River_First_Nation#195" title="Salt River First Nation">Salt River First Nation#195</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Smith,_Northwest_Territories" title="Fort Smith, Northwest Territories">Fort Smith</a><br />(<i>Tthebacha</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-BTR_22-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BTR-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tthebatth%C4%B1e_196" title="Tthebatthıe 196">Fitzgerald No. 196</a><br /><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fort_Smith,_Northwest_Territories" title="Fort Smith, Northwest Territories">Fort Smith Settlement</a></span><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salt_Plains_195&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salt Plains 195 (page does not exist)">Salt Plains 195</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salt_River_No._195&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salt River No. 195 (page does not exist)">Salt River No. 195</a></td> <td align="right">44,113 ha<br />170.32 sq mi</td> <td align="right">1,066</td> <td>Tthebatthıe 196, formerly Fitzgerald No. 196, is located in Alberta. Tribal council, name and <abbr title="headquarters">HQ</abbr>,<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> reserves and area,<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> population (February 2025)<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Akaitcho_Territory_Government" title="Akaitcho Territory Government">Akaitcho Territory Government</a><br />(<i>Ɂákéchógh nęnę</i>)</td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yellowknives_Dene_First_Nation" title="Yellowknives Dene First Nation">Yellowknives Dene First Nation</a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yellowknife" title="Yellowknife">Yellowknife</a><br />(<i>Sǫ̀mbak'è</i>) <sup id="cite_ref-BTR_22-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BTR-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dettah" title="Dettah">Dettah Settlement</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ndil%C7%AB" title="Ndilǫ">Ndilo Settlement</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Yellowknife" title="Yellowknife">Yellowknife Settlement</a></td> <td align="right">0</td> <td align="right">1,720</td> <td><i>Sǫ̀mbak'è</i> translates as "money place".<sup id="cite_ref-BTR_22-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BTR-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tribal council, name and <abbr title="headquarters">HQ</abbr>,<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> reserves and area,<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> population (February 2025)<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chipewyan&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Saskatchewan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Denesuline peoples in Saskatchewan </caption> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Tribal_council" title="Tribal council">Tribal council</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/First_Nations_in_Canada" title="First Nations in Canada">First Nations</a> </th> <th>Headquarters </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Indian_reserve" title="Indian reserve">Reserves</a> </th> <th>Area </th> <th>Population </th> <th>Notes and references </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Meadow_Lake_Tribal_Council" title="Meadow Lake Tribal Council">MLTC Program Services Inc.</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_River_Dene_Nation" title="Buffalo River Dene Nation">Buffalo River Dene Nation</a><br />(<i>Ɂëjëre dësché</i>)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dillon,_Saskatchewan" title="Dillon, Saskatchewan">Dillon</a></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_River_Dene_Nation_193" title="Buffalo River Dene Nation 193">Peter Pond Lake Indian Reserve No. 193</a></span></td> <td align="right">8,259.7 ha<br />31.891 sq mi</td> <td align="right">1,775</td> <td>The reserve is about 84 km (52 mi) northwest of <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele-%C3%A0-la-Crosse" title="Île-à-la-Crosse">Île-à-la-Crosse</a> (<i>Kuę́ </i>). Tribal council, name and <abbr title="headquarters">HQ</abbr>,<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> reserves and area,<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> population (February 2025)<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Meadow_Lake_Tribal_Council" title="Meadow Lake Tribal Council">MLTC Program Services Inc.</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Clearwater_River_Dene_Nation" title="Clearwater River Dene Nation">Clearwater River Dene Nation</a><br />(<i>Tı̨tëlase tué</i>)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/La_Loche" title="La Loche">Clearwater River</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Clearwater_River_Dene_Band_221" title="Clearwater River Dene Band 221">Clearwater River Dene Band 221</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Clearwater_River_Dene_Band_222" title="Clearwater River Dene Band 222">Clearwater River Dene Band 222</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Clearwater_River_Dene_Band_223" title="Clearwater River Dene Band 223">Clearwater River Dene Band 223</a><br /><a href="/wiki/La_Loche" title="La Loche">La Loche Indian Settlement</a></td> <td align="right">9,511.1 ha<br />36.723 sq mi</td> <td align="right">3,246</td> <td>Tribal council, name and <abbr title="headquarters">HQ</abbr>,<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> reserves and area,<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> population (February 2025)<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Meadow_Lake_Tribal_Council" title="Meadow Lake Tribal Council">MLTC Program Services Inc.</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/English_River_First_Nation" title="English River First Nation">English River First Nation</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Patuanak" title="Patuanak">Patuanak</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cree_Lake_192G" title="Cree Lake 192G">Cree Lake 192G</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Dipper_Rapids_192C" title="Dipper Rapids 192C">Dipper Rapids 192C</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Elak_Dase_192A" title="Elak Dase 192A">Elak Dase 192A</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Barkwell_Bay_192I" title="Barkwell Bay 192I">Barkwell Bay 192I</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Beauval_Forks_192O" title="Beauval Forks 192O">Beauval Forks 192O</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Cable_Bay_192M" title="Cable Bay 192M">Cable Bay 192M</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Cable_Bay_192N" title="Cable Bay 192N">Cable Bay 192N</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Flatstone_Lake_192L" title="Flatstone Lake 192L">Flatstone Lake 192L</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Haultain_Lake_192K" title="Haultain Lake 192K">Haultain Lake 192K</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Leaf_Rapids_192P" title="Leaf Rapids 192P">Leaf Rapids 192P</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Mawdsley_Lake_192R" title="Mawdsley Lake 192R">Mawdsley Lake 192R</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Slush_Lake_192Q" title="Slush Lake 192Q">Slush Lake 192Q</a><br /><a href="/wiki/English_River_192H" title="English River 192H">English River 192H</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Grasswoods_192J" title="Grasswoods 192J">Grasswoods 192J</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele-%C3%A0-la-Crosse_192E" title="Île-à-la-Crosse 192E">Île-à-la-Crosse 192E</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Knee_Lake_192B" title="Knee Lake 192B">Knee Lake 192B</a><br /><a href="/wiki/La_Plonge_192" title="La Plonge 192">La Plonge 192</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Primeau_Lake_192F" title="Primeau Lake 192F">Primeau Lake 192F</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Wapachewunak_192D" title="Wapachewunak 192D">Wapachewunak 192D</a></td> <td align="right">25,270.5 ha<br />97.570 sq mi</td> <td align="right">1,897</td> <td>The name originates from the English River where the "poplar house people" (<i>Kés-ye-hot'ı̨në</i>) inhabited the area for periods during the year. Most families, who now reside in Patuanak (<i>Bëghą́nı̨ch'ërë</i>) and La Plonge 192 by <a href="/wiki/Beauval,_Saskatchewan" title="Beauval, Saskatchewan">Beauval</a> had traditionally lived down river. Tribal council, name and <abbr title="headquarters">HQ</abbr>,<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> reserves and area,<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> population (February 2025)<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Meadow_Lake_Tribal_Council" title="Meadow Lake Tribal Council">MLTC Program Services Inc.</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Birch_Narrows_Dene_Nation" title="Birch Narrows Dene Nation">Birch Narrows Dene Nation</a><br />(<i>K'ı́t'ádhı̨ká</i> )</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Turnor_Lake" title="Turnor Lake">Turnor Lake</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Turnor_Lake_194" title="Turnor Lake 194">Turnor Lake 194</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Churchill_Lake_193A" title="Churchill Lake 193A">Churchill Lake 193A</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Turnor_Lake_193B" title="Turnor Lake 193B">Turnor Lake 193B</a></td> <td align="right">2,902.4 ha<br />11.206 sq mi</td> <td align="right">997</td> <td>Tribal council, name and <abbr title="headquarters">HQ</abbr>,<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> reserves and area,<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> population (February 2025)<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Prince_Albert_Grand_Council" title="Prince Albert Grand Council">PADC Management Company</a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Black_Lake_Denesuline_First_Nation" title="Black Lake Denesuline First Nation">Black Lake Denesuline First Nation</a><br />(<i>Tázën tué</i>)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Black_Lake_Denesuline_First_Nation" title="Black Lake Denesuline First Nation">Black Lake</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chicken_224" title="Chicken 224">Chicken 224</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Chicken_225" title="Chicken 225">Chicken 225</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Chicken_226" title="Chicken 226">Chicken 226</a></td> <td align="right">32,219.7 ha<br />124.401 sq mi</td> <td align="right">2,352</td> <td>Tribal council, name and <abbr title="headquarters">HQ</abbr>,<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> reserves and area,<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> population (February 2025)<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prince_Albert_Grand_Council" title="Prince Albert Grand Council">PADC Management Company</a></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hatchet_Lake_Denesuline_First_Nation" title="Hatchet Lake Denesuline First Nation">Hatchet Lake Denesuline First Nation</a></span><br />(<i>Tthëłtué</i>)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wollaston_Lake" title="Wollaston Lake">Wollaston Lake</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lac_la_Hache_220" title="Lac la Hache 220">Lac la Hache 220</a></td> <td align="right">11,020 ha<br />42.5 sq mi</td> <td align="right">2,054</td> <td>Tribal council, name and <abbr title="headquarters">HQ</abbr>,<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> reserves and area,<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> population (February 2025)<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prince_Albert_Grand_Council" title="Prince Albert Grand Council">PADC Management Company</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fond_du_Lac_Denesuline_First_Nation" title="Fond du Lac Denesuline First Nation">Fond du Lac Denesuline First Nation</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fond_du_Lac_Denesuline_First_Nation" title="Fond du Lac Denesuline First Nation">Fond du Lac</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fond_du_Lac_227" title="Fond du Lac 227">Fond du Lac 227</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Fond_du_Lac_228" title="Fond du Lac 228">Fond du Lac 228</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Fond_du_Lac_229" title="Fond du Lac 229">Fond du Lac 229</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Fond_du_Lac_231" title="Fond du Lac 231">Fond du Lac 231</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Fond_du_Lac_232" title="Fond du Lac 232">Fond du Lac 232</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Fond_du_Lac_233" title="Fond du Lac 233">Fond du Lac 233</a></td> <td align="right">36,812.1 ha<br />142.132 sq mi</td> <td align="right">2,287</td> <td>Tribal council, name and <abbr title="headquarters">HQ</abbr>,<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> reserves and area,<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> population (February 2025)<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_Chipewyan">Notable Chipewyan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chipewyan&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notable Chipewyan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matonabbee" title="Matonabbee">Matonabbee</a> (Matąnebı́)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matooskie" title="Matooskie">Matooskie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanadelthur" title="Thanadelthur">Thanadelthur</a> (Thánadëltth'ér)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Riel" title="Louis Riel">Louis Riel</a>, who was a grandson of a Chipewyan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Herman" title="Jimmy Herman">Jimmy Herman</a>, actor from Cold Lake First Nation</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Janvier" title="Alex Janvier">Alex Janvier</a>, artist from Cold Lake First Nation</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chipewyan&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/dt-td/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=110522&PRID=10&PTYPE=109445&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2017&THEME=122&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=">"Aboriginal Ancestry Responses (73), Single and Multiple Aboriginal Responses (4), Residence on or off reserve (3), Residence inside or outside Inuit Nunangat (7), Age (8A) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data"</a>. <i>www12.statcan.gc.ca</i>. <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Canada" title="Government of Canada">Government of Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Statistics_Canada" title="Statistics Canada">Statistics Canada</a>. 25 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Maclean%27s&rft.atitle=What%27s+in+a+name%3F+A+Chipewyan%27s+battle+over+her+native+tongue&rft.date=2015-03-12&rft.aulast=Browne&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.macleans.ca%2Fsociety%2Flife%2Fall-in-the-family-name%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChipewyan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E">"Community Profiles (Canada Census 2011)"</a>. 8 February 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Community+Profiles+%28Canada+Census+2011%29&rft.date=2012-02-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww12.statcan.gc.ca%2Fcensus-recensement%2F2011%2Fdp-pd%2Fprof%2Findex.cfm%3FLang%3DE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChipewyan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/prof/92-594/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=4718074&Geo2=PR&Code2=47&Data=Count&SearchText=La%20Loche&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&GeoLevel=PR&GeoCode=4718074">"2006 Aboriginal Population Profile (La Loche)"</a>. 15 January 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2006+Aboriginal+Population+Profile+%28La+Loche%29&rft.date=2008-01-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww12.statcan.gc.ca%2Fcensus-recensement%2F2006%2Fdp-pd%2Fprof%2F92-594%2Fdetails%2Fpage.cfm%3FLang%3DE%26Geo1%3DCSD%26Code1%3D4718074%26Geo2%3DPR%26Code2%3D47%26Data%3DCount%26SearchText%3DLa%2520Loche%26SearchType%3DBegins%26SearchPR%3D01%26B1%3DAll%26GeoLevel%3DPR%26GeoCode%3D4718074&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChipewyan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://virtualglobetrotting.com/map/dene-memorial/">"Dene Memorial"</a>. 27 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dene+Memorial&rft.date=2014-02-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvirtualglobetrotting.com%2Fmap%2Fdene-memorial%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChipewyan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldwisdom.com/public/viewpdf/default.aspx?article-title=The_Chipewyan.pdf">The Chipewyan</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BTR-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BTR_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BTR_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BTR_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BTR_22-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BTR_22-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BTR_22-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BTR_22-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BTR_22-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BTR_22-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BTR_22-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ece.gov.nt.ca/en/content/official-nwt-community-names">"Official NWT Community Names"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 March</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+NWT+Community+Names&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ece.gov.nt.ca%2Fen%2Fcontent%2Fofficial-nwt-community-names&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChipewyan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sicc.sk.ca/heritage/ethnography/dene/territory/prereserve.html">Dene</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040622144000/http://www.sicc.sk.ca/heritage/ethnography/dene/territory/prereserve.html">Archived</a> 22 June 2004 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">First Nation details for the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/fnp/Main/Search/FNMain.aspx?BAND_NUMBER=463&lang=eng">Athabasca Chipewyan First Nations</a> at <a href="/wiki/Crown%E2%80%93Indigenous_Relations_and_Northern_Affairs_Canada" title="Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada">Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada</a>. Retrieved 26 March 2025. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Reserves, settlements or villages of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/fnp/Main/Search/FNReserves.aspx?BAND_NUMBER=463&lang=eng">Athabasca Chipewyan First Nations</a> at <a href="/wiki/Crown%E2%80%93Indigenous_Relations_and_Northern_Affairs_Canada" title="Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada">Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada</a>. Retrieved 26 March 2025. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Registered population of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/fnp/Main/Search/FNRegPopulation.aspx?BAND_NUMBER=463&lang=eng">Athabasca Chipewyan First Nations</a> at <a href="/wiki/Crown%E2%80%93Indigenous_Relations_and_Northern_Affairs_Canada" title="Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada">Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada</a>. Retrieved 26 March 2025. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">First Nation details for the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/fnp/Main/Search/FNMain.aspx?BAND_NUMBER=467&lang=eng">Fort McKay First Nations</a> at <a href="/wiki/Crown%E2%80%93Indigenous_Relations_and_Northern_Affairs_Canada" title="Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada">Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada</a>. Retrieved 26 March 2025. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Reserves, settlements or villages of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/fnp/Main/Search/FNReserves.aspx?BAND_NUMBER=467&lang=eng">Fort McKay First Nations</a> at <a href="/wiki/Crown%E2%80%93Indigenous_Relations_and_Northern_Affairs_Canada" title="Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada">Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada</a>. Retrieved 26 March 2025. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Registered population of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/fnp/Main/Search/FNRegPopulation.aspx?BAND_NUMBER=467&lang=eng">Fort McKay First Nations</a> at <a href="/wiki/Crown%E2%80%93Indigenous_Relations_and_Northern_Affairs_Canada" title="Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada">Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada</a>. Retrieved 26 March 2025. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">First Nation details for the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/fnp/Main/Search/FNMain.aspx?BAND_NUMBER=470&lang=eng">Chipewyan Prairie First Nations</a> at <a href="/wiki/Crown%E2%80%93Indigenous_Relations_and_Northern_Affairs_Canada" title="Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada">Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada</a>. Retrieved 26 March 2025. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Reserves, settlements or villages of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/fnp/Main/Search/FNReserves.aspx?BAND_NUMBER=470&lang=eng">Chipewyan Prairie First Nations</a> at <a href="/wiki/Crown%E2%80%93Indigenous_Relations_and_Northern_Affairs_Canada" title="Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada">Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada</a>. Retrieved 26 March 2025. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Registered population of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/fnp/Main/Search/FNRegPopulation.aspx?BAND_NUMBER=470&lang=eng">Chipewyan Prairie First Nations</a> at <a href="/wiki/Crown%E2%80%93Indigenous_Relations_and_Northern_Affairs_Canada" title="Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada">Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada</a>. Retrieved 26 March 2025. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">First Nation details for the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/fnp/Main/Search/FNMain.aspx?BAND_NUMBER=468&lang=eng">Fort McMurray #468 First Nations</a> at <a href="/wiki/Crown%E2%80%93Indigenous_Relations_and_Northern_Affairs_Canada" title="Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada">Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada</a>. Retrieved 26 March 2025. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Reserves, settlements or villages of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/fnp/Main/Search/FNReserves.aspx?BAND_NUMBER=468&lang=eng">Fort McMurray #468 First Nations</a> at <a href="/wiki/Crown%E2%80%93Indigenous_Relations_and_Northern_Affairs_Canada" title="Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada">Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada</a>. Retrieved 26 March 2025. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Registered population of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/fnp/Main/Search/FNRegPopulation.aspx?BAND_NUMBER=468&lang=eng">Fort McMurray #468 First Nations</a> at <a href="/wiki/Crown%E2%80%93Indigenous_Relations_and_Northern_Affairs_Canada" title="Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada">Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada</a>. Retrieved 26 March 2025. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBrownMorin2022" class="citation podcast cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Brown_(journalist)" title="Jesse Brown (journalist)">Brown, Jesse</a>; Morin, Brandy (12 December 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.canadaland.com/podcast/840-the-taking-of-wood-buffalo/">"#840 The Taking of Wood Buffalo"</a>. <i>Canadaland</i> (Podcast). <a href="/wiki/Canadaland" title="Canadaland">Canadaland</a>. Event occurs at 12:20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%23840+The+Taking+of+Wood+Buffalo&rft.pub=Canadaland&rft.date=2022-12-12&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Jesse&rft.au=Morin%2C+Brandy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.canadaland.com%2Fpodcast%2F840-the-taking-of-wood-buffalo%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChipewyan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">First Nation details for the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/fnp/Main/Search/FNMain.aspx?BAND_NUMBER=461&lang=eng">Mikisew Cree First Nations</a> at <a href="/wiki/Crown%E2%80%93Indigenous_Relations_and_Northern_Affairs_Canada" title="Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada">Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada</a>. Retrieved 26 March 2025. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Reserves, settlements or villages of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/fnp/Main/Search/FNReserves.aspx?BAND_NUMBER=461&lang=eng">Mikisew Cree First Nations</a> at <a href="/wiki/Crown%E2%80%93Indigenous_Relations_and_Northern_Affairs_Canada" title="Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada">Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada</a>. Retrieved 26 March 2025. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Registered population of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/fnp/Main/Search/FNRegPopulation.aspx?BAND_NUMBER=461&lang=eng">Mikisew Cree First Nations</a> at <a href="/wiki/Crown%E2%80%93Indigenous_Relations_and_Northern_Affairs_Canada" title="Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada">Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada</a>. Retrieved 26 March 2025. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">First Nation details for the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/fnp/Main/Search/FNMain.aspx?BAND_NUMBER=464&lang=eng">Cold Lake First Nations</a> at <a href="/wiki/Crown%E2%80%93Indigenous_Relations_and_Northern_Affairs_Canada" title="Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada">Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada</a>. Retrieved 26 March 2025. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Reserves, settlements or villages of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/fnp/Main/Search/FNReserves.aspx?BAND_NUMBER=464&lang=eng">Cold Lake First Nations</a> at <a href="/wiki/Crown%E2%80%93Indigenous_Relations_and_Northern_Affairs_Canada" title="Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada">Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada</a>. Retrieved 26 March 2025. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Registered population of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/fnp/Main/Search/FNRegPopulation.aspx?BAND_NUMBER=464&lang=eng">Cold Lake First Nations</a> at <a href="/wiki/Crown%E2%80%93Indigenous_Relations_and_Northern_Affairs_Canada" title="Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada">Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada</a>. Retrieved 26 March 2025. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">First Nation details for the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/fnp/Main/Search/FNMain.aspx?BAND_NUMBER=477&lang=eng">Smith's Landing First Nations</a> at <a href="/wiki/Crown%E2%80%93Indigenous_Relations_and_Northern_Affairs_Canada" title="Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada">Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada</a>. Retrieved 27 March 2025. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Reserves, settlements or villages of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/fnp/Main/Search/FNReserves.aspx?BAND_NUMBER=477&lang=eng">Smith's Landing First Nations</a> at <a href="/wiki/Crown%E2%80%93Indigenous_Relations_and_Northern_Affairs_Canada" title="Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada">Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada</a>. Retrieved 27 March 2025. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Registered population of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/fnp/Main/Search/FNRegPopulation.aspx?BAND_NUMBER=477&lang=eng">Smith's Landing First Nations</a> at <a href="/wiki/Crown%E2%80%93Indigenous_Relations_and_Northern_Affairs_Canada" title="Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada">Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada</a>. Retrieved 27 March 2025. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">First Nation details for the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/fnp/Main/Search/FNMain.aspx?BAND_NUMBER=308&lang=eng">Barren Lands First Nations</a> at <a href="/wiki/Crown%E2%80%93Indigenous_Relations_and_Northern_Affairs_Canada" title="Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada">Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada</a>. Retrieved 27 March 2025. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Reserves, settlements or villages of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/fnp/Main/Search/FNReserves.aspx?BAND_NUMBER=308&lang=eng">Barren Lands First Nations</a> at <a href="/wiki/Crown%E2%80%93Indigenous_Relations_and_Northern_Affairs_Canada" title="Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada">Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada</a>. Retrieved 27 March 2025. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Registered population of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/fnp/Main/Search/FNRegPopulation.aspx?BAND_NUMBER=308&lang=eng">Barren Lands First Nations</a> at <a href="/wiki/Crown%E2%80%93Indigenous_Relations_and_Northern_Affairs_Canada" title="Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada">Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada</a>. Retrieved 27 March 2025. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">First Nation details for the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/fnp/Main/Search/FNMain.aspx?BAND_NUMBER=317&lang=eng">Northlands Denesuline First Nations</a> at <a href="/wiki/Crown%E2%80%93Indigenous_Relations_and_Northern_Affairs_Canada" title="Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada">Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada</a>. Retrieved 27 March 2025. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Reserves, settlements or villages of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/fnp/Main/Search/FNReserves.aspx?BAND_NUMBER=317&lang=eng">Northlands Denesuline First Nations</a> at <a href="/wiki/Crown%E2%80%93Indigenous_Relations_and_Northern_Affairs_Canada" title="Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada">Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada</a>. Retrieved 27 March 2025. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Registered population of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/fnp/Main/Search/FNRegPopulation.aspx?BAND_NUMBER=317&lang=eng">Northlands Denesuline First Nations</a> at <a href="/wiki/Crown%E2%80%93Indigenous_Relations_and_Northern_Affairs_Canada" title="Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada">Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada</a>. Retrieved 27 March 2025. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">First Nation details for the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/fnp/Main/Search/FNMain.aspx?BAND_NUMBER=303&lang=eng">Sayisi Dene First Nations</a> at <a href="/wiki/Crown%E2%80%93Indigenous_Relations_and_Northern_Affairs_Canada" title="Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada">Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada</a>. Retrieved 27 March 2025. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Reserves, settlements or villages of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/fnp/Main/Search/FNReserves.aspx?BAND_NUMBER=303&lang=eng">Sayisi Dene First Nations</a> at <a href="/wiki/Crown%E2%80%93Indigenous_Relations_and_Northern_Affairs_Canada" title="Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada">Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada</a>. Retrieved 27 March 2025. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Registered population of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/fnp/Main/Search/FNRegPopulation.aspx?BAND_NUMBER=303&lang=eng">Sayisi Dene First Nations</a> at <a href="/wiki/Crown%E2%80%93Indigenous_Relations_and_Northern_Affairs_Canada" title="Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada">Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada</a>. Retrieved 27 March 2025. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">First Nation details for the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/fnp/Main/Search/FNMain.aspx?BAND_NUMBER=762&lang=eng">Deninu Kue First Nations</a> at <a href="/wiki/Crown%E2%80%93Indigenous_Relations_and_Northern_Affairs_Canada" title="Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada">Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada</a>. Retrieved 27 March 2025. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Reserves, settlements or villages of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/fnp/Main/Search/FNReserves.aspx?BAND_NUMBER=762&lang=eng">Deninu Kue First Nations</a> at <a href="/wiki/Crown%E2%80%93Indigenous_Relations_and_Northern_Affairs_Canada" title="Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada">Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada</a>. Retrieved 27 March 2025. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Registered population of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/fnp/Main/Search/FNRegPopulation.aspx?BAND_NUMBER=762&lang=eng">Deninu Kue First Nations</a> at <a href="/wiki/Crown%E2%80%93Indigenous_Relations_and_Northern_Affairs_Canada" title="Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada">Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada</a>. Retrieved 27 March 2025. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">First Nation details for the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/fnp/Main/Search/FNMain.aspx?BAND_NUMBER=764&lang=eng">Lutsel K'e Dene First Nations</a> at <a href="/wiki/Crown%E2%80%93Indigenous_Relations_and_Northern_Affairs_Canada" title="Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada">Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada</a>. Retrieved 27 March 2025. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Reserves, settlements or villages of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/fnp/Main/Search/FNReserves.aspx?BAND_NUMBER=764&lang=eng">Lutsel K'e Dene First Nations</a> at <a href="/wiki/Crown%E2%80%93Indigenous_Relations_and_Northern_Affairs_Canada" title="Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada">Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada</a>. Retrieved 27 March 2025. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Registered population of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/fnp/Main/Search/FNRegPopulation.aspx?BAND_NUMBER=764&lang=eng">Lutsel K'e Dene First Nations</a> at <a href="/wiki/Crown%E2%80%93Indigenous_Relations_and_Northern_Affairs_Canada" title="Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada">Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada</a>. Retrieved 27 March 2025. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">First Nation details for the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/fnp/Main/Search/FNMain.aspx?BAND_NUMBER=759&lang=eng">Salt River First Nations</a> at <a href="/wiki/Crown%E2%80%93Indigenous_Relations_and_Northern_Affairs_Canada" title="Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada">Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada</a>. Retrieved 27 March 2025. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Reserves, settlements or villages of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/fnp/Main/Search/FNReserves.aspx?BAND_NUMBER=759&lang=eng">Salt River First Nations</a> at <a href="/wiki/Crown%E2%80%93Indigenous_Relations_and_Northern_Affairs_Canada" title="Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada">Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada</a>. Retrieved 27 March 2025. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Registered population of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/fnp/Main/Search/FNRegPopulation.aspx?BAND_NUMBER=759&lang=eng">Salt River First Nations</a> at <a href="/wiki/Crown%E2%80%93Indigenous_Relations_and_Northern_Affairs_Canada" title="Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada">Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada</a>. Retrieved 27 March 2025. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">First Nation details for the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/fnp/Main/Search/FNMain.aspx?BAND_NUMBER=763&lang=eng">Yellowknives Dene First Nations</a> at <a href="/wiki/Crown%E2%80%93Indigenous_Relations_and_Northern_Affairs_Canada" title="Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada">Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada</a>. Retrieved 27 March 2025. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Reserves, settlements or villages of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/fnp/Main/Search/FNReserves.aspx?BAND_NUMBER=763&lang=eng">Yellowknives Dene First Nations</a> at <a href="/wiki/Crown%E2%80%93Indigenous_Relations_and_Northern_Affairs_Canada" title="Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada">Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada</a>. Retrieved 27 March 2025. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Registered population of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/fnp/Main/Search/FNRegPopulation.aspx?BAND_NUMBER=763&lang=eng">Yellowknives Dene First Nations</a> at <a href="/wiki/Crown%E2%80%93Indigenous_Relations_and_Northern_Affairs_Canada" title="Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada">Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada</a>. Retrieved 27 March 2025. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">First Nation details for the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/fnp/Main/Search/FNMain.aspx?BAND_NUMBER=398&lang=eng">Buffalo River First Nations</a> at <a href="/wiki/Crown%E2%80%93Indigenous_Relations_and_Northern_Affairs_Canada" title="Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada">Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada</a>. Retrieved 27 March 2025. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Reserves, settlements or villages of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/fnp/Main/Search/FNReserves.aspx?BAND_NUMBER=398&lang=eng">Buffalo River First Nations</a> at <a href="/wiki/Crown%E2%80%93Indigenous_Relations_and_Northern_Affairs_Canada" title="Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada">Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada</a>. Retrieved 27 March 2025. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Registered population of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/fnp/Main/Search/FNRegPopulation.aspx?BAND_NUMBER=398&lang=eng">Buffalo River First Nations</a> at <a href="/wiki/Crown%E2%80%93Indigenous_Relations_and_Northern_Affairs_Canada" title="Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada">Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada</a>. Retrieved 27 March 2025. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">First Nation details for the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/fnp/Main/Search/FNMain.aspx?BAND_NUMBER=401&lang=eng">Clearwater River First Nations</a> at <a href="/wiki/Crown%E2%80%93Indigenous_Relations_and_Northern_Affairs_Canada" title="Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada">Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada</a>. Retrieved 27 March 2025. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Reserves, settlements or villages of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/fnp/Main/Search/FNReserves.aspx?BAND_NUMBER=401&lang=eng">Clearwater River First Nations</a> at <a href="/wiki/Crown%E2%80%93Indigenous_Relations_and_Northern_Affairs_Canada" title="Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada">Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada</a>. Retrieved 27 March 2025. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Registered population of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/fnp/Main/Search/FNRegPopulation.aspx?BAND_NUMBER=401&lang=eng">Clearwater River First Nations</a> at <a href="/wiki/Crown%E2%80%93Indigenous_Relations_and_Northern_Affairs_Canada" title="Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada">Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada</a>. Retrieved 27 March 2025. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">First Nation details for the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/fnp/Main/Search/FNMain.aspx?BAND_NUMBER=400&lang=eng">English River First Nations</a> at <a href="/wiki/Crown%E2%80%93Indigenous_Relations_and_Northern_Affairs_Canada" title="Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada">Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada</a>. Retrieved 27 March 2025. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Reserves, settlements or villages of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/fnp/Main/Search/FNReserves.aspx?BAND_NUMBER=400&lang=eng">English River First Nations</a> at <a href="/wiki/Crown%E2%80%93Indigenous_Relations_and_Northern_Affairs_Canada" title="Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada">Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada</a>. Retrieved 27 March 2025. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Registered population of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/fnp/Main/Search/FNRegPopulation.aspx?BAND_NUMBER=400&lang=eng">English River First Nations</a> at <a href="/wiki/Crown%E2%80%93Indigenous_Relations_and_Northern_Affairs_Canada" title="Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada">Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada</a>. Retrieved 27 March 2025. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">First Nation details for the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/fnp/Main/Search/FNMain.aspx?BAND_NUMBER=403&lang=eng">Birch Narrows First Nations</a> at <a href="/wiki/Crown%E2%80%93Indigenous_Relations_and_Northern_Affairs_Canada" title="Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada">Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada</a>. Retrieved 27 March 2025. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Reserves, settlements or villages of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/fnp/Main/Search/FNReserves.aspx?BAND_NUMBER=403&lang=eng">Birch Narrows First Nations</a> at <a href="/wiki/Crown%E2%80%93Indigenous_Relations_and_Northern_Affairs_Canada" title="Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada">Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada</a>. Retrieved 27 March 2025. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Registered population of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/fnp/Main/Search/FNRegPopulation.aspx?BAND_NUMBER=403&lang=eng">Birch Narrows First Nations</a> at <a href="/wiki/Crown%E2%80%93Indigenous_Relations_and_Northern_Affairs_Canada" title="Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada">Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada</a>. Retrieved 27 March 2025. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">First Nation details for the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/fnp/Main/Search/FNMain.aspx?BAND_NUMBER=359&lang=eng">Black Lake First Nations</a> at <a href="/wiki/Crown%E2%80%93Indigenous_Relations_and_Northern_Affairs_Canada" title="Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada">Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada</a>. Retrieved 28 March 2025. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Reserves, settlements or villages of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/fnp/Main/Search/FNReserves.aspx?BAND_NUMBER=359&lang=eng">Black Lake First Nations</a> at <a href="/wiki/Crown%E2%80%93Indigenous_Relations_and_Northern_Affairs_Canada" title="Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada">Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada</a>. Retrieved 28 March 2025. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Registered population of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/fnp/Main/Search/FNRegPopulation.aspx?BAND_NUMBER=359&lang=eng">Black Lake First Nations</a> at <a href="/wiki/Crown%E2%80%93Indigenous_Relations_and_Northern_Affairs_Canada" title="Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada">Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada</a>. Retrieved 28 March 2025. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">First Nation details for the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/fnp/Main/Search/FNMain.aspx?BAND_NUMBER=352&lang=eng">Hatchet Lake First Nations</a> at <a href="/wiki/Crown%E2%80%93Indigenous_Relations_and_Northern_Affairs_Canada" title="Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada">Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada</a>. Retrieved 28 March 2025. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Reserves, settlements or villages of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/fnp/Main/Search/FNReserves.aspx?BAND_NUMBER=352&lang=eng">Hatchet Lake First Nations</a> at <a href="/wiki/Crown%E2%80%93Indigenous_Relations_and_Northern_Affairs_Canada" title="Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada">Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada</a>. Retrieved 28 March 2025. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Registered population of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/fnp/Main/Search/FNRegPopulation.aspx?BAND_NUMBER=352&lang=eng">Hatchet Lake First Nations</a> at <a href="/wiki/Crown%E2%80%93Indigenous_Relations_and_Northern_Affairs_Canada" title="Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada">Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada</a>. Retrieved 28 March 2025. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">First Nation details for the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/fnp/Main/Search/FNMain.aspx?BAND_NUMBER=351&lang=eng">Fond du Lac First Nations</a> at <a href="/wiki/Crown%E2%80%93Indigenous_Relations_and_Northern_Affairs_Canada" title="Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada">Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada</a>. Retrieved 28 March 2025. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Reserves, settlements or villages of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/fnp/Main/Search/FNReserves.aspx?BAND_NUMBER=351&lang=eng">Fond du Lac First Nations</a> at <a href="/wiki/Crown%E2%80%93Indigenous_Relations_and_Northern_Affairs_Canada" title="Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada">Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada</a>. Retrieved 28 March 2025. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Registered population of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/fnp/Main/Search/FNRegPopulation.aspx?BAND_NUMBER=351&lang=eng">Fond du Lac First Nations</a> at <a href="/wiki/Crown%E2%80%93Indigenous_Relations_and_Northern_Affairs_Canada" title="Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada">Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada</a>. Retrieved 28 March 2025. </span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chipewyan&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Athabasca Chipewyan First Nation. <i>Footprints on the Land: Tracing the Path of the Athabasca Chipewyan First Nation</i>. Fort Chipewyan, Alta: Athabasca Chipewyan First Nation, 2003. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9733293-0-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-9733293-0-0">0-9733293-0-0</a></li> <li>Birket-Smith, Kaj. <i>Contributions to Chipewyan Ethnology</i>. Copenhagen: Gyldendal, 1930.</li> <li>Bone, Robert M., Earl N. Shannon, and Stewart Raby. <i>The Chipewyan of the Stony Rapids Region; A Study of Their Changing World with Special Attention Focused Upon Caribou</i>. Mawdsley memoir, 1. Saskatoon: Institute for Northern Studies, University of Saskatchewan, 1973. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88880-003-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-88880-003-7">0-88880-003-7</a></li> <li>Bussidor, Ila, Usten Bilgen-Reinart. "Night Spirits: The Story of the Relocation of the Sayisi Dene." University of Manitoba Press, 16 March 2000. (Memoir of a Dene Woman's experiences in Churchill, Manitoba.)</li> <li>Clayton-Gouthro, Cecile M. <i>Patterns in Transition: Moccasin Production and Ornamentation of the Janvier Band Chipewyan</i>. Mercury series. Hull, Quebec: Canadian Museum of Civilization, 1994. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-660-14023-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-660-14023-3">0-660-14023-3</a></li> <li>Cook, Eung-Do. 2006. <i>The Patterns of Consonantal Acquisition and Change in Chipewyan (Dene Suline)</i>. International Journal of American Linguistics. 72, no. 2: 236.</li> <li>Dramer, Kim, and Frank W. Porter. <i>The Chipewyan</i>. New York: Chelsea House, 1996. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55546-139-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-55546-139-5">1-55546-139-5</a></li> <li>Elford, Leon W., and Marjorie Elford. <i>English-Chipewyan Dictionary</i>. Prince Albert, Sask: Northern Canada Evangelical Mission, 1981.</li> <li>Goddard, Pliny Earle. <i>Texts and Analysis of Cold Lake Dialect, Chipewyan</i>. Anthropological papers of the American Museum of Natural History, v. 10, pt. 1–2. New York: Published by order of the Trustees [of the American Museum of Natural History], 1912.</li> <li>Grant, J. C. Boileau. <i>Anthropometry of the Chipewyan and Cree Indians of the Neighbourhood of Lake Athabaska</i>. Ottawa: F.A. Acland, printer, 1930.</li> <li>Human Relations Area Files, inc. <i>Chipewyan ND07</i>. EHRAF collection of ethnography. New Haven, Conn: Human Relations Area Files, 2001.</li> <li>Irimoto, Takashi. <i>Chipewyan Ecology: Group Structure and Caribou Hunting System</i>. Senri ethnological studies, no. 8. Suita, Osaka, Japan: National Museum of Ethnology, 1981.</li> <li>Li, Fang-kuei, and Ronald Scollon. <i>Chipewyan Texts</i>. Nankang, Taipei: Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica, 1976.</li> <li>Lowie, Robert Harry. <i>Chipewyan Tales</i>. New York: The Trustees, 1912.</li> <li>Paul, Simon. <i>Introductory Chipewyan: Basic Vocabulary</i>. Saskatoon: Indian and Northern Education, University of Saskatchewan, 1972.</li> <li>Scollon, Ronald, and Suzanne B. K. Scollon. <i>Linguistic Convergence: An Ethnography of Speaking at Fort Chipewyan, Alberta</i>. New York: Academic Press, 1979. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-12-633380-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-12-633380-7">0-12-633380-7</a></li> <li>Shapiro, Harry L. <i>The Alaskan Eskimo; A Study of the Relationship between the Eskimo and the Chipewyan Indians of Central Canada</i>. New York: American Museum of Natural History, 1931.</li> <li>Sharp, Henry S. <i>Chipewyan Marriage</i>. Mercury series. Ottawa: National Museum of Canada, 1979.</li> <li>Sharp, Henry S. <i>The Transformation of Bigfoot: Maleness, Power, and Belief Among the Chipewyan</i>. Smithsonian series in ethnographic inquiry. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1988. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87474-848-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-87474-848-8">0-87474-848-8</a></li> <li>VanStone, James W. <i>The Changing Culture of the Snowdrift Chipewyan</i>. Ottawa: [Queen's Printer], 1965.</li> <li>Wilhelm, Andrea. <i>Telicity and Durativity: A Study of Aspect in Dëne Sųłiné (Chipewyan) and German</i>. New York: Routledge, 2007. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-97645-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-97645-6">0-415-97645-6</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chipewyan&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://acfn.com/">Athabasca Chipewyan Nation</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="25px&#124;Flag_of_the_Northwest_Territories_Indigenous_peoples_in_the_Northwest_Territories396" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #e2cccc;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Aboriginal_peoples_in_the_Northwest_Territories" title="Template:Aboriginal peoples in the Northwest Territories"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Aboriginal_peoples_in_the_Northwest_Territories" title="Template talk:Aboriginal 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_the_Northwest_Territories.svg/38px-Flag_of_the_Northwest_Territories.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_the_Northwest_Territories.svg/50px-Flag_of_the_Northwest_Territories.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Canada" title="Indigenous peoples in Canada">Indigenous peoples</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territories" title="Northwest Territories">Northwest Territories</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Cultural areas: <a href="/wiki/Circumpolar_peoples" title="Circumpolar peoples">Arctic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Subarctic" title="Indigenous peoples of the Subarctic">Subarctic</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">Ethnolinguistic groups</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cree" title="Cree">Cree</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Woodland_Cree" title="Woodland Cree">Woodland Cree</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dene" title="Dene">Dene</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Slavey_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavey people">Deh Cho</a></i></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dënesųłı̨ne</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saht%C3%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahtú">Sahtú</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/T%C5%82%C4%AFch%C7%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Tłįchǫ">Tłįchǫ</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwich%CA%BCin" title="Gwichʼin">Gwichʼin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inuit" title="Inuit">Inuit</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Inuvialuit_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Inuvialuit people">Inuvialuit</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tis_people_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Métis people (Canada)">Métis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Treaties and land claims</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_8" title="Treaty 8">Treaty 8</a> (1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_11" title="Treaty 11">Treaty 11</a> (1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inuvialuit_Final_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Inuvialuit Final Agreement">Inuvialuit</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gwich%27in_Comprehensive_Land_Claim_Agreement&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gwich'in Comprehensive Land Claim Agreement (page does not exist)">Gwich'in</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahtu_Dene_and_Metis_Comprehensive_Land_Claim_Agreement" title="Sahtu Dene and Metis Comprehensive Land Claim Agreement">Sahtu</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tlicho_Agreement&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tlicho Agreement (page does not exist)">Tłįchǫ</a> (2003)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional councils and<br /><a href="/wiki/Band_government" title="Band government">community</a> governments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Akaitcho_Territory_Government" title="Akaitcho Territory Government">Akaitcho Territory Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deninu_K%C5%B3%C4%99%CC%81_First_Nation" title="Deninu Kųę́ First Nation">Deninu Kųę́</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%81uts%C3%ABl_K%27%C3%A9_Dene_First_Nation" title="Łutsël K'é Dene First Nation">Łutsël K'é Dene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smith%27s_Landing_First_Nation" title="Smith's Landing First Nation">Smith's Landing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellowknives_Dene_First_Nation" title="Yellowknives Dene First Nation">Yellowknives Dene</a> <small><a href="/wiki/Dettah" title="Dettah">Dettah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ndil%C7%AB" title="Ndilǫ">Ndilǫ</a></small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dehcho_First_Nations" title="Dehcho First Nations">Dehcho First Nations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deh_G%C3%A1h_Got%27%C4%B1%CC%A8%C4%99_First_Nation" title="Deh Gáh Got'ı̨ę First Nation">Deh Gáh Got'ı̨ę</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fort_Providence_M%C3%A9tis_Council&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fort Providence Métis Council (page does not exist)">Fort Providence Métis Council</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fort_Simpson_M%C3%A9tis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fort Simpson Métis (page does not exist)">Fort Simpson Métis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Marie_River_First_Nation" title="Jean Marie River First Nation">Jean Marie River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ka%27a%27gee_Tu_First_Nation" title="Ka'a'gee Tu First Nation">Ka'a'gee Tu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%81%C4%B1%CC%81%C4%B1%CC%81dl%C4%B1%CC%A8%C4%B1%CC%A8_K%C5%B3%CC%81%C4%99%CC%81_First_Nation" title="Łı́ı́dlı̨ı̨ Kų́ę́ First Nation">Łı́ı́dlı̨ı̨ Kų́ę́</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nah%C9%82%C4%85_Deh%C3%A9_Dene_Band" title="Nahɂą Dehé Dene Band">Nahɂą Dehé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pehdzeh_Ki_First_Nation" title="Pehdzeh Ki First Nation">Pehdzeh Kı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambaa_K%27e_First_Nation" title="Sambaa K'e First Nation">Sambaa K'e</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Point_First_Nation" title="West Point First Nation">West Point</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gwich%27in_Tribal_Council" title="Gwich'in Tribal Council">Gwich'in Tribal Council</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aklavik_First_Nation" title="Aklavik First Nation">Aklavik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwichya_Gwich%27in_First_Nation" title="Gwichya Gwich'in First Nation">Gwichya Gwich'in</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inuvik_Native_Band" title="Inuvik Native Band">Inuvik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetlit_Gwich%27in_First_Nation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tetlit Gwich'in First Nation (page does not exist)">Tetlit Gwich'in</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Inuvialuit_Settlement_Region" title="Inuvialuit Settlement Region">Inuvialuit Regional Corporation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aklavik_Community_Corporation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aklavik Community Corporation (page does not exist)">Aklavik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inuvik_Community_Corporation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inuvik Community Corporation (page does not exist)">Inuvik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paulatuk_Community_Corporation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paulatuk Community Corporation (page does not exist)">Paulatuk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sachs_Harbour_Community_Corporation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sachs Harbour Community Corporation (page does not exist)">Sachs Harbour</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tuktoyaktuk_Community_Corporation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tuktoyaktuk Community Corporation (page does not exist)">Tuktoyaktuk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ulukhaktok_Community_Corporation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ulukhaktok Community Corporation (page does not exist)">Ulukhaktok</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northwest_Territory_M%C3%A9tis_Nation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Northwest Territory Métis Nation (page does not exist)">Northwest Territory Métis Nation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fort_Resolution_M%C3%A9tis_Council&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fort Resolution Métis Council (page does not exist)">Fort Resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fort_Smith_M%C3%A9tis_Council&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fort Smith Métis Council (page does not exist)">Fort Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hay_River_M%C3%A9tis_Government_Council&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hay River Métis Government Council (page does not exist)">Hay River</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sahtu_Dene_Council" title="Sahtu Dene Council">Sahtu Dene Council</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Behdzi_Ahda%27_First_Nation" title="Behdzi Ahda' First Nation">Behdzi Ahda'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9l%C4%B1%CC%A8n%C4%99_First_Nation" title="Délı̨nę First Nation">Délı̨nę</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Good_Hope_First_Nation" title="Fort Good Hope First Nation">Fort Good Hope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulita_Dene_First_Nation" title="Tulita Dene First Nation">Tulita Dene</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tlicho_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Tlicho Government">Tłįchǫ Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dechi_Laot%27i_First_Nations" title="Dechi Laot'i First Nations">Dechi Laot'i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dog_Rib_Rae_First_Nation" title="Dog Rib Rae First Nation">Dog Rib Rae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gameti_First_Nation" title="Gameti First Nation">Gameti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wha_Ti_First_Nation" title="Wha Ti First Nation">Wha Ti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unaffiliated</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acho_Dene_Koe_First_Nation" title="Acho Dene Koe First Nation">Acho Dene Koe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%27atlodeeche_First_Nation" class="mw-redirect" title="K'atlodeeche First Nation">Kátł'odeeche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_River_First_Nation" title="Salt River First Nation">Salt River</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="25px&#124;Flag_of_Alberta_First_Nations_in_Alberta478" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #f8d6b6;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:First_Nations_in_Alberta" title="Template:First Nations in Alberta"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:First_Nations_in_Alberta" title="Template talk:First Nations in Alberta"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:First_Nations_in_Alberta" title="Special:EditPage/Template:First Nations in Alberta"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="25px&#124;Flag_of_Alberta_First_Nations_in_Alberta478" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Alberta.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Alberta"><img alt="Flag of Alberta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Alberta.svg/40px-Flag_of_Alberta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Alberta.svg/60px-Flag_of_Alberta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/First_Nations_in_Alberta" title="First Nations in Alberta">First Nations in Alberta</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Classification_of_indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="Classification of indigenous peoples of the Americas">Cultural areas</a>: <a href="/wiki/Plains_Indians" title="Plains Indians">Plains</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Subarctic" title="Indigenous peoples of the Subarctic">Subarctic</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_languages_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous languages of the Americas">Ethnolinguistic groups</a> (by language family)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algic_languages" title="Algic languages">Algic</a> / <a href="/wiki/Algonquian_peoples" title="Algonquian peoples">Algonquian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blackfoot" class="mw-redirect" title="Blackfoot">Blackfoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cree" title="Cree">Cree</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plains_Cree_language" title="Plains Cree language"><i>Plains</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodland_Cree" title="Woodland Cree"><i>Woodland</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saulteaux" title="Saulteaux">Saulteaux</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athapascan" class="mw-redirect" title="Athapascan">Athapascan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Dene" title="Dene">Dene</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dane-zaa" title="Dane-zaa">Daneẕaa</a></i></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dënesųłı̨ne</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Slavey_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavey people">Dene Tha'</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tsuut%27ina_Nation" class="mw-redirect" title="Tsuut'ina Nation">Tsuut'ina</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siouan_languages" title="Siouan languages">Siouan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nakoda_(Stoney)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nakoda (Stoney)">Nakoda</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical <a href="/wiki/Polities" class="mw-redirect" title="Polities">polities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blackfoot_Confederacy" title="Blackfoot Confederacy">Blackfoot Confederacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Confederacy" title="Iron Confederacy">Iron Confederacy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Numbered_Treaties" title="Numbered Treaties">Numbered Treaties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_6" title="Treaty 6">Treaty 6</a> <small>(1876)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_7" title="Treaty 7">Treaty 7</a> <small>(1877)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_8" title="Treaty 8">Treaty 8</a> <small>(1899)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tribal councils and<br /><a href="/wiki/Band_government" title="Band government">band governments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Athabasca_Tribal_Council" title="Athabasca Tribal Council">Athabasca Tribal Council</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Fort_McMurray" title="Fort McMurray">Fort McMurray</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athabasca_Chipewyan_First_Nation" title="Athabasca Chipewyan First Nation">Athabasca Chipewyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chipewyan_Prairie_First_Nation" title="Chipewyan Prairie First Nation">Chipewyan Prairie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_McKay_First_Nation" title="Fort McKay First Nation">Fort McKay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_McMurray_First_Nation" title="Fort McMurray First Nation">Fort McMurray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikisew_Cree_First_Nation" title="Mikisew Cree First Nation">Mikisew Cree</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Blackfoot_Confederacy" title="Blackfoot Confederacy">Blackfoot Confederacy</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Standoff,_Alberta" class="mw-redirect" title="Standoff, Alberta">Standoff</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kainai_Nation" title="Kainai Nation">Kainai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piikani_Nation" title="Piikani Nation">Piikani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siksika_Nation" title="Siksika Nation">Siksika</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Confederacy_of_Treaty_6_First_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Confederacy of Treaty 6 First Nations">Confederacy of Treaty 6 First Nations</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Enoch,_Alberta" class="mw-redirect" title="Enoch, Alberta">Enoch</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_First_Nation" title="Alexander First Nation">Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexis_Nakota_Sioux_First_Nation" title="Alexis Nakota Sioux First Nation">Alexis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaver_Lake_Cree_Nation" title="Beaver Lake Cree Nation">Beaver Lake Cree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_Lake_First_Nations" title="Cold Lake First Nations">Cold Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enoch_Cree_Nation" title="Enoch Cree Nation">Enoch Cree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ermineskin_Cree_Nation" title="Ermineskin Cree Nation">Ermineskin Cree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frog_Lake_First_Nation" title="Frog Lake First Nation">Frog Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saddle_Lake_Cree_Nation" title="Saddle Lake Cree Nation">Whitefish Lake (Goodfish)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heart_Lake_First_Nation" title="Heart Lake First Nation">Heart Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kehewin_Cree_Nation" title="Kehewin Cree Nation">Kehewin Cree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Bull_Tribe" title="Louis Bull Tribe">Louis Bull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montana_First_Nation" title="Montana First Nation">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O%27Chiese_First_Nation" title="O'Chiese First Nation">O'Chiese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Band" title="Paul Band">Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saddle_Lake_Cree_Nation" title="Saddle Lake Cree Nation">Saddle Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samson_Cree_Nation" title="Samson Cree Nation">Samson Cree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunchild_First_Nation" title="Sunchild First Nation">Sunchild</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kee_Tas_Kee_Now_Tribal_Council" title="Kee Tas Kee Now Tribal Council">Kee Tas Kee Now Tribal Council</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Atikameg,_Alberta" title="Atikameg, Alberta">Atikameg</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Red_Earth_Creek" title="Red Earth Creek">Loon River Cree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lubicon_Lake_Band" title="Lubicon Lake Band">Lubicon Lake Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peerless_Trout_First_Nation" title="Peerless Trout First Nation">Peerless Trout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atikameg,_Alberta" title="Atikameg, Alberta">Whitefish Lake (Atikameg)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodland_Cree_First_Nation" title="Woodland Cree First Nation">Woodland Cree</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lesser_Slave_Lake_Indian_Regional_Council" title="Lesser Slave Lake Indian Regional Council">Lesser Slave Lake Indian Regional Council</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Slave_Lake,_Alberta" class="mw-redirect" title="Slave Lake, Alberta">Slave Lake</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Driftpile_First_Nation" title="Driftpile First Nation">Driftpile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapawe%27no_First_Nation" title="Kapawe'no First Nation">Kapawe'no</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawridge_First_Nation" title="Sawridge First Nation">Sawridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sucker_Creek_Cree_First_Nation" class="mw-redirect" title="Sucker Creek Cree First Nation">Sucker Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swan_River_First_Nation" title="Swan River First Nation">Swan River</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_Peace_Tribal_Council" title="North Peace Tribal Council">North Peace Tribal Council</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/High_Level,_Alberta" class="mw-redirect" title="High Level, Alberta">High Level</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beaver_First_Nation" title="Beaver First Nation">Beaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dene_Tha%27_First_Nation" title="Dene Tha' First Nation">Dene Tha'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Red_River_Cree_Nation" title="Little Red River Cree Nation">Little Red River Cree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tallcree_Tribal_Government" title="Tallcree Tribal Government">Tallcree</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stoney_Nakoda_-_Tsuut%27ina_Tribal_Council&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stoney Nakoda - Tsuut'ina Tribal Council (page does not exist)">Stoney Nakoda - Tsuut'ina Tribal Council</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Tsuut%27ina_Nation" class="mw-redirect" title="Tsuut'ina Nation">Tsuut'ina</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stoney_Nakoda_First_Nation" title="Stoney Nakoda First Nation">Stoney Nakoda</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bearspaw_First_Nation" class="mw-redirect" title="Bearspaw First Nation">Bearspaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiniki_First_Nation" class="mw-redirect" title="Chiniki First Nation">Chiniki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wesley_First_Nation" class="mw-redirect" title="Wesley First Nation">Wesley</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsuut%27ina_Nation" class="mw-redirect" title="Tsuut'ina Nation">Tsuut'ina</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tribal_Chiefs_Ventures&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tribal Chiefs Ventures (page does not exist)">Tribal Chiefs Ventures</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Beaver_Lake_Cree_Nation" title="Beaver Lake Cree Nation">Beaver Lake Cree</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beaver_Lake_Cree_Nation" title="Beaver Lake Cree Nation">Beaver Lake Cree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_Lake_First_Nations" title="Cold Lake First Nations">Cold Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frog_Lake_First_Nation" title="Frog Lake First Nation">Frog Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heart_Lake_First_Nation" title="Heart Lake First Nation">Heart Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kehewin_Cree_Nation" title="Kehewin Cree Nation">Kehewin Cree</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Cree_Tribal_Council" title="Western Cree Tribal Council">Western Cree Tribal Council</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Valleyview,_Alberta" title="Valleyview, Alberta">Valleyview</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duncan%27s_First_Nation" title="Duncan's First Nation">Duncan's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse_Lake_First_Nation" title="Horse Lake First Nation">Horse Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sturgeon_Lake_Cree_Nation" title="Sturgeon Lake Cree Nation">Sturgeon Lake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yellowhead_Tribal_Council" title="Yellowhead Tribal Council">Yellowhead Tribal Council</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Morinville,_Alberta" class="mw-redirect" title="Morinville, Alberta">Morinville</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_First_Nation" title="Alexander First Nation">Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexis_Nakota_Sioux_First_Nation" title="Alexis Nakota Sioux First Nation">Alexis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O%27Chiese_First_Nation" title="O'Chiese First Nation">O'Chiese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunchild_First_Nation" title="Sunchild First Nation">Sunchild</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unaffiliated</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bigstone_Cree_Nation" title="Bigstone Cree Nation">Bigstone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Not federally recognized</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aseniwuche_Winewak_Nation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aseniwuche Winewak Nation (page does not exist)">Aseniwuche Winewak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lubicon_Lake_Indian_Nation" title="Lubicon Lake Indian Nation">Lubicon Lake Indian Nation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Not headquartered in Alberta</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acho_Dene_Koe_First_Nation" title="Acho Dene Koe First Nation">Acho Dene Koe</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territories" title="Northwest Territories">NT</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelly_Lake,_British_Columbia" title="Kelly Lake, British Columbia">Kelly Lake</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">BC</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onion_Lake_Cree_Nation" title="Onion Lake Cree Nation">Onion Lake</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan">SK</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smith%27s_Landing_First_Nation" title="Smith's Landing First Nation">Smith's Landing</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territories" title="Northwest Territories">NT</a>)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terminated</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papaschase" title="Papaschase">Papaschase</a> <small>(1891)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharphead_band" title="Sharphead band">Sharphead</a> <small>(1897)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Band" title="Michel Band">Michel</a> <small>(1958)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_reserves_in_Alberta" title="List of Indian reserves in Alberta">List of Indian reserves in Alberta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tis_in_Alberta" title="Métis in Alberta">Métis in Alberta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox789" style="padding:3px"><table 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