CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Main battle tank - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"6042e9a0-326c-4aff-a28d-eb94df147a1e","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Main_battle_tank","wgTitle":"Main battle tank","wgCurRevisionId":1251666896,"wgRevisionId":1251666896,"wgArticleId":26595097,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from October 2023","All articles with incomplete citations","Articles with incomplete citations from October 2023","Webarchive template wayback links","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use dmy dates from April 2023","Articles needing additional references from September 2017","All articles needing additional references", "Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from October 2023","Wikipedia articles needing clarification from August 2018","Articles with unsourced statements from December 2020","Pages using div col with small parameter","Articles with unsourced statements from January 2023","Articles to be expanded from March 2021","All articles to be expanded","Articles to be expanded from April 2011","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Main battle tanks","Tanks by type"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Main_battle_tank","wgRelevantArticleId":26595097,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en", "pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":60000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q920182","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready", "mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","ext.tmh.player.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.gallery","ext.tmh.player","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface", "ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.tmh.player.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Leopard_2_A5_der_Bundeswehr.jpg/1200px-Leopard_2_A5_der_Bundeswehr.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="803"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Leopard_2_A5_der_Bundeswehr.jpg/800px-Leopard_2_A5_der_Bundeswehr.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="535"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Leopard_2_A5_der_Bundeswehr.jpg/640px-Leopard_2_A5_der_Bundeswehr.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="428"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Main battle tank - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_battle_tank"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Main_battle_tank&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_battle_tank"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Main_battle_tank rootpage-Main_battle_tank skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Main+battle+tank" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Main+battle+tank" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Main+battle+tank" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Main+battle+tank" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Initial_limited-role_tank_classes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Initial_limited-role_tank_classes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Initial limited-role tank classes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Initial_limited-role_tank_classes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Evolution_of_the_general-purpose_medium_tank" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evolution_of_the_general-purpose_medium_tank"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Evolution of the general-purpose medium tank</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Evolution_of_the_general-purpose_medium_tank-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-British_universal_tank" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_universal_tank"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>British universal tank</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British_universal_tank-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cold_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cold_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Cold War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cold_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asymmetrical_warfare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asymmetrical_warfare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Asymmetrical warfare</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asymmetrical_warfare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Design" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Design"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Design</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Design-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Design subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Design-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Overview" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overview"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Overview</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overview-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Countermeasures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Countermeasures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Countermeasures</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Countermeasures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Weaponry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Weaponry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Weaponry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Weaponry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Situational_awareness" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Situational_awareness"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Situational awareness</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Situational_awareness-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mobility" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mobility"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Mobility</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mobility-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Storage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Storage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Storage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Storage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crew" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crew"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Crew</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crew-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Role" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Role"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Role</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Role-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Procurement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Procurement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Procurement</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Procurement-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Procurement subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Procurement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Manufacture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manufacture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Manufacture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manufacture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marketing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marketing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Marketing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marketing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Main battle tank</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 38 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-38" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">38 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="دبابة قتالية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دبابة قتالية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%8Fsas_d%C3%B6y%C3%BC%C5%9F_tank%C4%B1" title="Əsas döyüş tankı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Əsas döyüş tankı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA" title="Асноўны баявы танк – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Асноўны баявы танк" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA" title="Асноўны баявы танк – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Асноўны баявы танк" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tank_stourm_diazez" title="Tank stourm diazez – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Tank stourm diazez" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hlavn%C3%AD_bojov%C3%BD_tank" title="Hlavní bojový tank – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hlavní bojový tank" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_battle_tank" title="Main battle tank – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Main battle tank" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahingutank" title="Lahingutank – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Lahingutank" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carro_de_combate_principal" title="Carro de combate principal – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Carro de combate principal" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9_%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%84%DB%8C_%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="تانک اصلی میدان نبرد – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تانک اصلی میدان نبرد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Char_de_combat" title="Char de combat – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Char de combat" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A3%BC%EB%A0%A5%EC%A0%84%EC%B0%A8" title="주력전차 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="주력전차" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%AB%D5%B4%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B4%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AF" title="Հիմնական մարտական տանկ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հիմնական մարտական տանկ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tank_tempur_utama" title="Tank tempur utama – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tank tempur utama" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carro_armato_da_combattimento" title="Carro armato da combattimento – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Carro armato da combattimento" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%A0%D7%A7_%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%94" title="טנק מערכה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טנק מערכה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AB%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AB%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%99%E1%83%98" title="ძირითადი საბრძოლო ტანკი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ძირითადი საბრძოლო ტანკი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagrindinis_kovinis_tankas" title="Pagrindinis kovinis tankas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pagrindinis kovinis tankas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kereta_kebal_utama" title="Kereta kebal utama – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kereta kebal utama" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_battle_tank" title="Main battle tank – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Main battle tank" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E5%8A%9B%E6%88%A6%E8%BB%8A" title="主力戦車 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="主力戦車" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carri_de_combat_principau" title="Carri de combat principau – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Carri de combat principau" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czo%C5%82g_podstawowy" title="Czołg podstawowy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Czołg podstawowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanc_principal_de_lupt%C4%83" title="Tanc principal de luptă – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Tanc principal de luptă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA" title="Основной боевой танк – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Основной боевой танк" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanku_kryesor_luftarak" title="Tanku kryesor luftarak – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Tanku kryesor luftarak" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_battle_tank" title="Main battle tank – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Main battle tank" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hlavn%C3%BD_bojov%C3%BD_tank" title="Hlavný bojový tank – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hlavný bojový tank" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glavni_bojni_tank" title="Glavni bojni tank – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Glavni bojni tank" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA" title="Основни борбени тенк – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Основни борбени тенк" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osnovni_borbeni_tenk" title="Osnovni borbeni tenk – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Osnovni borbeni tenk" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taistelupanssarivaunu" title="Taistelupanssarivaunu – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Taistelupanssarivaunu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF" title="முதன்மை பீரங்கி வண்டி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="முதன்மை பீரங்கி வண்டி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81" title="รถถังหลัก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รถถังหลัก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ana_muharebe_tank%C4%B1" title="Ana muharebe tankı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ana muharebe tankı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA" title="Основний бойовий танк – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Основний бойовий танк" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xe_t%C4%83ng_chi%E1%BA%BFn_%C4%91%E1%BA%A5u_ch%E1%BB%A7_l%E1%BB%B1c" title="Xe tăng chiến đấu chủ lực – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Xe tăng chiến đấu chủ lực" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E6%88%98%E5%9D%A6%E5%85%8B" title="主战坦克 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="主战坦克" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q920182#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_battle_tank" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Main_battle_tank" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_battle_tank"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Main_battle_tank&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Main_battle_tank&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_battle_tank"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Main_battle_tank&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Main_battle_tank&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Main_battle_tank" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Main_battle_tank" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Main_battle_tank&oldid=1251666896" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Main_battle_tank&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Main_battle_tank&id=1251666896&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMain_battle_tank"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMain_battle_tank"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Main_battle_tank&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Main_battle_tank&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Main_battle_tanks" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q920182" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Tank designed for all primary combat roles</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Battle Tank" redirects here. For the video game, see <a href="/wiki/Battle_Tank_(video_game)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle Tank (video game)">Battle Tank (video game)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Leopard_2_A5_der_Bundeswehr.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Leopard_2_A5_der_Bundeswehr.jpg/300px-Leopard_2_A5_der_Bundeswehr.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Leopard_2_A5_der_Bundeswehr.jpg/450px-Leopard_2_A5_der_Bundeswehr.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Leopard_2_A5_der_Bundeswehr.jpg/600px-Leopard_2_A5_der_Bundeswehr.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2646" data-file-height="1771" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/German_Army" title="German Army">German Army</a> <a href="/wiki/Leopard_2" title="Leopard 2">Leopard 2A5</a> main battle tanks in 1996</figcaption></figure> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="History_of_the_tank" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_the_tank" title="Template:History of the tank"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_the_tank" title="Template talk:History of the tank"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_the_tank" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of the tank"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="History_of_the_tank" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_tank" title="History of the tank"><span class="wrap">History of the tank</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Tanks_by_period" title="Category:Tanks by period">Era</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tanks_in_World_War_I" title="Tanks in World War I">World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanks_of_the_interwar_period" title="Tanks of the interwar period">Interwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanks_in_World_War_II" title="Tanks in World War II">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanks_in_the_Cold_War" title="Tanks in the Cold War">Cold War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanks_of_the_post%E2%80%93Cold_War_era" title="Tanks of the post–Cold War era">Post–Cold War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Tanks_by_country" title="Category:Tanks by country">Country</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tanks_in_the_Australian_Army" title="Tanks in the Australian Army">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanks_in_the_British_Army" title="Tanks in the British Army">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanks_of_Cuba" title="Tanks of Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanks_of_China" title="Tanks of China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanks_of_Canada" title="Tanks of Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanks_of_New_Zealand" title="Tanks of New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanks_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Tanks of Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanks_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanks in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanks_in_the_German_Army" title="Tanks in the German Army">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanks_of_Iran" title="Tanks of Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanks_of_Iraq" title="Tanks of Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanks_in_the_Italian_Army" title="Tanks in the Italian Army">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanks_of_the_Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Tanks of the Israel Defense Forces">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanks_in_the_Japanese_Army" title="Tanks in the Japanese Army">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanks_of_the_Polish_Armoured_Forces" title="Tanks of the Polish Armoured Forces">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanks_of_North_Korea" title="Tanks of North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanks_of_South_Korea" title="Tanks of South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanks_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Tanks of the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanks_in_the_Spanish_Army" title="Tanks in the Spanish Army">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanks_of_Sweden" title="Tanks of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanks_of_the_United_States" title="Tanks of the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanks_of_the_Ukrainian_Army" title="Tanks of the Ukrainian Army">Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Tank_classification" title="Tank classification">Type</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Light_tank" title="Light tank">Light tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medium_tank" title="Medium tank">Medium tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavy_tank" title="Heavy tank">Heavy tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super-heavy_tank" title="Super-heavy tank">Super-heavy tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruiser_tank" title="Cruiser tank">Cruiser tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flame_tank" title="Flame tank">Flame tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infantry_tank" title="Infantry tank">Infantry tank</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Main battle tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tank_destroyer" title="Tank destroyer">Tank destroyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tankette" title="Tankette">Tankette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assault_gun" title="Assault gun">Assault gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-propelled_anti-aircraft_weapon" title="Self-propelled anti-aircraft weapon">Self-propelled anti-aircraft weapon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-propelled_artillery" title="Self-propelled artillery">Self-propelled artillery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-propelled_mortar" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-propelled mortar">Self-propelled mortar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple_rocket_launcher" title="Multiple rocket launcher">Multiple rocket launcher</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>A <b>main battle tank</b> (<b>MBT</b>), also known as a <b>battle tank</b> or <b>universal tank</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/Tank" title="Tank">tank</a> that fills the role of armour-protected <a href="/wiki/Direct_fire" title="Direct fire">direct fire</a> and maneuver in many modern armies. <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>-era development of more powerful engines, better suspension systems and lighter <a href="/wiki/Composite_armour" title="Composite armour">composite armour</a> allowed for the design of a tank that had the firepower of a <a href="/wiki/Super-heavy_tank" title="Super-heavy tank">super-heavy tank</a>, the armour protection of a <a href="/wiki/Heavy_tank" title="Heavy tank">heavy tank</a>, and the mobility of a <a href="/wiki/Light_tank" title="Light tank">light tank</a>, in a package with the weight of a <a href="/wiki/Medium_tank" title="Medium tank">medium tank</a>. The first <i>designated</i> MBT was the British <a href="/wiki/Chieftain_(tank)" title="Chieftain (tank)">Chieftain tank</a>, which during its development in the 1950s was re-designed as an MBT.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, the MBT replaced almost all other types of tanks, leaving only some specialist roles to be filled by lighter designs or other types of <a href="/wiki/Armoured_fighting_vehicle" title="Armoured fighting vehicle">armoured fighting vehicles</a>. </p><p>Main battle tanks are a key component of modern armies.<sup id="cite_ref-House1984_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-House1984-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Modern MBTs seldom operate alone, as they are organized into armoured units that include the support of <a href="/wiki/Infantry" title="Infantry">infantry</a>, who may accompany the tanks in <a href="/wiki/Infantry_fighting_vehicle" title="Infantry fighting vehicle">infantry fighting vehicles</a>. They are also often supported by <a href="/wiki/Surveillance_aircraft" title="Surveillance aircraft">surveillance</a> or <a href="/wiki/Ground-attack_aircraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Ground-attack aircraft">ground-attack aircraft</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The average weight of MBTs varies from country to country. The average weight of Western MBTs is usually greater than that of Russian or Chinese MBTs. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Main_battle_tank&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Initial_limited-role_tank_classes">Initial limited-role tank classes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Main_battle_tank&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Initial limited-role tank classes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tank_classification" title="Tank classification">Tank classification</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Main_battle_tank" title="Special:EditPage/Main battle tank">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Mark_I_male_tank_Somme_25_September_1916.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/British_Mark_I_male_tank_Somme_25_September_1916.jpg/250px-British_Mark_I_male_tank_Somme_25_September_1916.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/British_Mark_I_male_tank_Somme_25_September_1916.jpg/375px-British_Mark_I_male_tank_Somme_25_September_1916.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/British_Mark_I_male_tank_Somme_25_September_1916.jpg/500px-British_Mark_I_male_tank_Somme_25_September_1916.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3503" data-file-height="2480" /></a><figcaption>Early model Mark I tank at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Somme" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Somme">Battle of Somme</a>, 1916</figcaption></figure> <p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, combining tracks, armour, and guns into a functional vehicle pushed the limits of mechanical technology. This limited the specific battlefield capabilities any one tank design could be expected to fulfill. A design might have good speed, armour, or firepower, but not all three together. </p><p>Facing the deadlock of <a href="/wiki/Trench_warfare" title="Trench warfare">trench warfare</a>, the first tank designs focused on crossing wide trenches, requiring very long and large vehicles, such as the British <a href="/wiki/British_heavy_tanks_of_World_War_I#Mark_I" class="mw-redirect" title="British heavy tanks of World War I">Mark I tank</a> and successors; these became known as <a href="/wiki/Heavy_tank" title="Heavy tank">heavy tanks</a>. Tanks that focused on other combat roles were smaller, like the French <a href="/wiki/Renault_FT" title="Renault FT">Renault FT</a>; these were <a href="/wiki/Light_tank" title="Light tank">light tanks</a> or <a href="/wiki/Tankette" title="Tankette">tankettes</a>. Many late-war and inter-war tank designs diverged from these according to new, and mostly untried, concepts for future tank roles and tactics. Each nation tended to create its own list of tank classes with different intended roles, such as "cavalry tanks", "breakthrough tanks", "fast tanks", and "assault tanks". The British maintained <a href="/wiki/Cruiser_tanks" class="mw-redirect" title="Cruiser tanks">cruiser tanks</a> that in order to achieve high speed and hence manoeuvrability in the attack carried less armour, and <a href="/wiki/Infantry_tanks" class="mw-redirect" title="Infantry tanks">infantry tanks</a> which operating at infantryman pace could carry more armour. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Evolution_of_the_general-purpose_medium_tank">Evolution of the general-purpose medium tank</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Main_battle_tank&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Evolution of the general-purpose medium tank"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Medium_tank" title="Medium tank">Medium tank</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Panzer_Frankreich_1940_(RaBoe).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Panzer_Frankreich_1940_%28RaBoe%29.jpg/260px-Panzer_Frankreich_1940_%28RaBoe%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Panzer_Frankreich_1940_%28RaBoe%29.jpg/390px-Panzer_Frankreich_1940_%28RaBoe%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Panzer_Frankreich_1940_%28RaBoe%29.jpg/520px-Panzer_Frankreich_1940_%28RaBoe%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="434" /></a><figcaption>Abandoned French <a href="/wiki/Hotchkiss_H-39" class="mw-redirect" title="Hotchkiss H-39">Hotchkiss H-39</a> light <a href="/wiki/Tanks_in_France#Inter_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanks in France">cavalry tank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_France" title="Battle of France">Battle of France</a>, 1940</figcaption></figure> <p>After years of isolated and divergent development, the various <a href="/wiki/Tanks_of_the_interwar_period" title="Tanks of the interwar period">interwar tank</a> concepts were finally tested with the start of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. In the chaos of <a href="/wiki/Blitzkrieg" title="Blitzkrieg">blitzkrieg</a>, tanks designed for a single role often found themselves forced into battlefield situations they were ill-suited for. During the war, limited-role tank designs tended to be replaced by more general-purpose designs, enabled by improving tank technology. Tank classes became mostly based on weight (and the corresponding transport and logistical needs). This led to new definitions of heavy and light tank classes, with medium tanks covering the balance of those between. The German <a href="/wiki/Panzer_IV" title="Panzer IV">Panzer IV</a> tank, designed before the war as a "heavy" tank for assaulting fixed positions, was redesigned during the war with armour and gun upgrades to allow it to take on anti-tank roles as well, and was reclassified as a medium tank. </p><p>The second half of World War II saw an increased reliance on general-purpose medium tanks, which became the bulk of the tank combat forces. Generally, these designs massed about 25–30 t (25–30 long tons; 28–33 short tons), were armed with cannons around 75 mm (3.0 in), and powered by engines in the 400–500 hp (300–370 kW) range. Notable examples include the Soviet <a href="/wiki/T-34" title="T-34">T-34</a> (the most-produced tank at that time) and the US <a href="/wiki/M4_Sherman" title="M4 Sherman">M4 Sherman</a>. </p><p>Late war tank development placed increased emphasis on armour, armament, and anti-tank capabilities for medium tanks: </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-H26258,_Panzer_V_%22Panther%22.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-H26258%2C_Panzer_V_%22Panther%22.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-H26258%2C_Panzer_V_%22Panther%22.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-H26258%2C_Panzer_V_%22Panther%22.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-H26258%2C_Panzer_V_%22Panther%22.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-H26258%2C_Panzer_V_%22Panther%22.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-H26258%2C_Panzer_V_%22Panther%22.jpg 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="539" /></a><figcaption>New Panther tanks being loaded for transport to the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">Eastern Front</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>The German <a href="/wiki/Panther_tank" title="Panther tank">Panther tank</a>, designed to counter the Soviet T-34, had both armament and armour increased over previous medium tanks.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike previous Panzer designs, its frontal armour was <a href="/wiki/Sloped_armour" title="Sloped armour">sloped</a> for increased effectiveness.<sup id="cite_ref-GreenPanther_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GreenPanther-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (October 2023)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> It also was equipped with the high-velocity long-barreled <a href="/wiki/7.5_cm_KwK_42" title="7.5 cm KwK 42">75 mm KwK 42 L/70</a> gun that was able to defeat the armour of all but the heaviest Allied tank at long range. The powerful <a href="/wiki/Maybach_HL230" title="Maybach HL230">Maybach HL230 P30</a> engine and robust running gear meant that even though the Panther tipped the scales at 50 t (49 long tons; 55 short tons)<sup id="cite_ref-GreenPanther_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GreenPanther-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – sizeable for its day – it was actually quite manoeuvrable, offering better off-road speed than the Panzer IV. However, its rushed development led to reliability and maintenance issues.</li> <li>The Soviet <a href="/wiki/T-44" title="T-44">T-44</a> incorporated many of the lessons learned with the extensive use of the T-34 model, and some of those modifications were used in the first MBTs, like a modern torsion suspension, instead of the <a href="/wiki/Christie_suspension" title="Christie suspension">Christie suspension</a> version of the T-34, and a transversally mounted engine that simplified its gearbox. It is also seen as direct predecessor of the <a href="/wiki/T-54" class="mw-redirect" title="T-54">T-54</a> Unlike the T-34, the T-44 had a suspension sturdy enough to be able to mount a 100 mm (3.9 in) cannon.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The American <a href="/wiki/M26_Pershing" title="M26 Pershing">M26 Pershing</a>, a medium tank of 40 short tons (36 t; 36 long tons) to replace the M4 Sherman, innovated in US tanks many features common on post-war MBTs. These features include an automatic transmission mounted in the rear, torsion bar suspension<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and had an early form of a <a href="/wiki/Powerpack_(drivetrain)" title="Powerpack (drivetrain)">powerpack</a>, combining an engine and transmission into a compact package.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The M26, however, suffered from a relatively weak engine for its weight (effectively the same engine as the 10 t (9.8 long tons; 11 short tons) lighter M4A3 Sherman), and as a result was somewhat underpowered.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The design of the M26 had profound influence on American postwar medium and main battle tanks: "The M26 formed the basis for the postwar generation of US battle tanks from the M46 through the M47, M48, and M60 series."<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="British_universal_tank">British universal tank</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Main_battle_tank&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: British universal tank"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Centurion_cfb_borden_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Centurion_cfb_borden_1.JPG/220px-Centurion_cfb_borden_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Centurion_cfb_borden_1.JPG/330px-Centurion_cfb_borden_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Centurion_cfb_borden_1.JPG/440px-Centurion_cfb_borden_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Centurion_tank" class="mw-redirect" title="Centurion tank">Centurion</a> Mk 3</figcaption></figure> <p>Britain had continued on the path of parallel development of cruiser tanks and infantry tanks. Development of the <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Meteor" title="Rolls-Royce Meteor">Rolls-Royce Meteor</a> engine for the <a href="/wiki/Cromwell_tank" title="Cromwell tank">Cromwell tank</a>, combined with efficiency savings elsewhere in the design, almost doubled the horsepower for cruiser tanks.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This led to speculation of a "Universal Tank", able to take on the roles of both a cruiser and an infantry tank by combining heavy armour and manoeuvrability.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (October 2023)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Field Marshal <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Montgomery" title="Bernard Montgomery">Bernard Montgomery</a> is acknowledged as the main advocate of the British universal tank concept as early as 1943, according to the writings of <a href="/wiki/Giffard_Le_Quesne_Martel" title="Giffard Le Quesne Martel">Giffard Le Quesne Martel</a>, but little progress was made beyond development of the basic Cromwell cruiser tank that eventually led to the <a href="/wiki/Centurion_tank" class="mw-redirect" title="Centurion tank">Centurion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Montgomery_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Montgomery-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Centurion, at the time designated "heavy cruiser" and later "medium gun tank"<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was designed for <i>mobility and firepower</i> at the expense of armour<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>, but more engine power permitted more armour protection, so the Centurion could also operate as an <a href="/wiki/Infantry_tank" title="Infantry tank">infantry tank</a>, doing so well that development of a new universal tank was rendered unnecessary. </p><p>The Centurion, entering service just as World War II finished, was a multi-role tank that subsequently formed the main armoured element of the <a href="/wiki/British_Army_of_the_Rhine#1945–1994" title="British Army of the Rhine">British Army of the Rhine</a>, the armed forces of the British Empire and Commonwealth forces, and subsequently many other nations through exports, whose cost was met largely by the US. The introduction of the 84 mm (3.3 in) <a href="/wiki/Ordnance_QF_20-pounder" title="Ordnance QF 20-pounder">20-pounder</a> gun in 1948 gave the tank a significant advantage over other tanks of the era,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> paving the way for a new tank classification, the main battle tank, which gradually superseded previous weight and armament classes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cold_War">Cold War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Main_battle_tank&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Cold War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A surplus of effective WWII-era designs in other forces, notably the US and the Soviet Union, led to slower introductions of similar designs on their part. By the early 1950s, these designs were clearly no longer competitive, especially in a world of <a href="/wiki/Shaped_charge" title="Shaped charge">shaped charge</a> weapons, and new designs rapidly emerged from most armed forces. </p><p>The Quebec conference in 1957 between the US, UK and Canada identified the MBT as the route for development rather than separate medium and heavy tanks.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The concept of the medium tank gradually evolved into the MBT in the 1960s,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as it was realized that medium tanks could carry guns (such as the American 90 mm (3.5 in), Soviet 100 mm (3.9 in), and especially the British <a href="/wiki/Royal_Ordnance_L7" title="Royal Ordnance L7">L7 105 mm (4.1 in)</a>) that could penetrate any practical level of armour then existing at long range. Also, the heaviest tanks were unable to use most existing bridges. The World War II concept of <a href="/wiki/Heavy_tank" title="Heavy tank">heavy tanks</a>, armed with the most powerful guns and heaviest armour, became obsolete because the large tanks were too expensive and just as vulnerable to damage by mines, bombs, rockets, and artillery. Likewise, World War II had shown that lightly armed and armoured tanks were of limited value in most roles. Even reconnaissance vehicles had shown a trend towards heavier weight and greater firepower during World War II; speed was not a substitute for armour and firepower. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Decontaminant_of_a_T-64_MBT.JPEG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Decontaminant_of_a_T-64_MBT.JPEG/290px-Decontaminant_of_a_T-64_MBT.JPEG" decoding="async" width="290" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Decontaminant_of_a_T-64_MBT.JPEG/435px-Decontaminant_of_a_T-64_MBT.JPEG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Decontaminant_of_a_T-64_MBT.JPEG/580px-Decontaminant_of_a_T-64_MBT.JPEG 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1028" /></a><figcaption>Soviet <a href="/wiki/T-64" title="T-64">T-64</a> undergoing decontamination</figcaption></figure> <p>An increasing variety of <a href="/wiki/Anti-tank_weapon" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-tank weapon">anti-tank weapons</a> and the perceived threat of a <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear war">nuclear war</a> prioritized the need for additional armour. The additional armour prompted the design of even more powerful guns.<sup id="cite_ref-MBT_generations_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MBT_generations-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main battle tank thus took on the role the British had once called the "universal tank", exemplified by the Centurion, filling almost all battlefield roles. Typical main battle tanks were as well armed as any other vehicle on the battlefield, highly mobile, and well armoured. Yet they were cheap enough to be built in large numbers. The first Soviet main battle tank was the <a href="/wiki/T-64A" class="mw-redirect" title="T-64A">T-64A</a><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (the T-54/55 and T-62 were considered "medium" tanks)<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the first American nomenclature-designated MBT was the <a href="/wiki/M60_tank" title="M60 tank">M60 tank</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FLMM_-_M60.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/FLMM_-_M60.jpg/220px-FLMM_-_M60.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/FLMM_-_M60.jpg/330px-FLMM_-_M60.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/FLMM_-_M60.jpg/440px-FLMM_-_M60.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>A very early model <a href="/wiki/M60_tank" title="M60 tank">M60</a> with M48 turret and 105mm cannon</figcaption></figure> <p>Anti-tank weapons rapidly outpaced armour developments. By the 1960s, anti-tank rounds could penetrate a meter of steel so as to make the application of traditional <a href="/wiki/Rolled_homogeneous_armour" title="Rolled homogeneous armour">rolled homogeneous armour</a> unpragmatic. The first solution to this problem was the <a href="/wiki/Composite_armor" class="mw-redirect" title="Composite armor">composite armor</a> of Soviet T-64 tank, which included steel-glass-reinforced textolite-steel sandwich in heavily sloped <a href="/wiki/Glacis" title="Glacis">glacis</a> plates, and steel turret with aluminum inserts, which helped to resist both <a href="/wiki/High-explosive_anti-tank" title="High-explosive anti-tank">high-explosive anti-tank</a> (HEAT) and APDS shells of the era. Later came British <a href="/wiki/Chobham_armour" title="Chobham armour">Chobham armour</a>. This composite armour used layers of <a href="/wiki/Ceramic_armour" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceramic armour">ceramics</a> and other materials to help attenuate the effects of HEAT munitions. Another threat came by way of the widespread use of helicopters in battle. Before the advent of helicopters, armour was heavily concentrated to the front of the tank. This new threat caused designs to distribute armour on all sides of the tank (also having the effect of protecting the vehicle's occupants from <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_explosion" title="Nuclear explosion">nuclear explosion</a> radiation).<sup id="cite_ref-Radioactive_attenuation_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Radioactive_attenuation-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the late 1970s, MBTs were manufactured by China, France, West Germany, Britain, India, Italy, Japan, the Soviet Union, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-1980_production_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1980_production-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Soviet Union's war doctrine depended heavily on the main battle tank. Any weapon advancement making the MBT obsolete could have devastated the Soviet Union's fighting capability.<sup id="cite_ref-Soviet_MBT_reliance_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Soviet_MBT_reliance-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Soviet Union made novel advancements to the weapon systems including mechanical <a href="/wiki/Autoloader" title="Autoloader">autoloaders</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anti-tank_guided_missile" title="Anti-tank guided missile">anti-tank guided missiles</a>. Autoloaders were introduced to replace the human loader, permitting the turret to be reduced in size, making the tank smaller and less visible as a target,<sup id="cite_ref-MBT_generations_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MBT_generations-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while missile systems were added to extend the range at which a vehicle could engage a target and thereby enhance the first-round hit probability.<sup id="cite_ref-MBT_generations_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MBT_generations-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The United States's experience in the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> contributed to the idea among army leadership that the role of the main battle tank could be fulfilled by <a href="/wiki/Attack_helicopter" title="Attack helicopter">attack helicopters</a>. During the Vietnam War, helicopters and missiles competed with MBTs for research money.<sup id="cite_ref-bias_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bias-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Though the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Persian Gulf War</a> reaffirmed the role of main battle tanks,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="is this true? The next 1.5 sentences suggest otherwise (August 2018)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> MBTs were outperformed by the <a href="/wiki/Attack_helicopter" title="Attack helicopter">attack helicopter</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-outperformed_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-outperformed-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other strategists considered that the MBT was entirely obsolete in light of the efficacy and speed with which coalition forces neutralized Iraqi armour.<sup id="cite_ref-McNab_Gulf_War_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McNab_Gulf_War-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Asymmetrical_warfare">Asymmetrical warfare</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Main_battle_tank&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Asymmetrical warfare"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Leo2_PSO_front.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Leo2_PSO_front.jpg/220px-Leo2_PSO_front.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Leo2_PSO_front.jpg/330px-Leo2_PSO_front.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Leo2_PSO_front.jpg/440px-Leo2_PSO_front.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>A German <a href="/wiki/Leopard_2" title="Leopard 2">Leopard 2</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Leopard_2#Leopard_2_PSO" title="Leopard 2">PSO-version</a>, prepared for <a href="/wiki/Asymmetric_warfare" title="Asymmetric warfare">asymmetric warfare</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Asymmetric_warfare" title="Asymmetric warfare">asymmetric warfare</a>, threats such as <a href="/wiki/Improvised_explosive_device" title="Improvised explosive device">improvised explosive devices</a> and mines have proven effective against MBTs. In response, nations that face asymmetric warfare, such as Israel, are reducing the size of their tank fleet and procuring more advanced models.<sup id="cite_ref-Bolster_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bolster-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-israel_divestitue_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-israel_divestitue-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Conversely, some insurgent groups like <a href="/wiki/Hezbollah" title="Hezbollah">Hezbollah</a> themselves operate main battle tanks, such as the <a href="/wiki/T-72" title="T-72">T-72</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a> used 1,100 <a href="/wiki/M1_Abrams" title="M1 Abrams">M1 Abrams</a> in the course of the <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a>. They proved to have an unexpectedly high vulnerability to <a href="/wiki/Improvised_explosive_device" title="Improvised explosive device">improvised explosive devices</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A relatively new type of remotely detonated mine, the <a href="/wiki/Explosively_formed_penetrator" title="Explosively formed penetrator">explosively formed penetrator</a>, was used with some success against American armoured vehicles. However, with upgrades to their rear armour, M1s proved to be valuable in urban combat; at the <a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Fallujah" title="Second Battle of Fallujah">Second Battle of Fallujah</a> the United States Marines brought in two extra companies of M1s.<sup id="cite_ref-USAToday2005b_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USAToday2005b-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Britain deployed its <a href="/wiki/Challenger_2" title="Challenger 2">Challenger 2</a> tanks to support its operations in southern Iraq. </p><p>Advanced <a href="/wiki/Vehicle_armour" title="Vehicle armour">armour</a> has reduced crew fatalities but has not improved vehicle survivability.<sup id="cite_ref-crew_survivability_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crew_survivability-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Small unmanned turrets on top of the cupolas called <a href="/wiki/Remote_controlled_weapon_station" title="Remote controlled weapon station">remote controlled weapon stations</a> armed with machine guns or mortars provide improved defence and enhance crew survivability. Experimental tanks with unmanned turrets locate crew members in the heavily armoured hull, improving survivability and reducing the vehicle's profile.<sup id="cite_ref-indirect_fire_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-indirect_fire-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Technology is reducing the weight and size of the modern MBT.<sup id="cite_ref-Light_future_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Light_future-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A British military document from 2001 indicated that the British Army would not procure a replacement for the Challenger 2 because of a lack of conventional warfare threats in the foreseeable future. The obsolescence of the tank has been asserted, but the history of the late 20th and early 21st century suggested that MBTs were still necessary.<sup id="cite_ref-replace_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-replace-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design">Design</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Main_battle_tank&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe" title="Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe">Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe</a> defines a main battle tank as "a self-propelled armoured fighting vehicle, capable of heavy firepower, primarily of a high muzzle velocity direct fire main gun necessary to engage armoured and other targets, with high cross-country mobility, with a high level of self-protection, and which is not designed and equipped primarily to transport combat troops."<sup id="cite_ref-CFE_treaty_page_3_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CFE_treaty_page_3-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Overview">Overview</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Main_battle_tank&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <td> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156495266">.mw-parser-output .scalable img{max-width:100%!important;height:auto!important}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .scalable .lazy-image-placeholder{width:100%!important;max-height:100%}}</style> <div class="center"><div class="scalable floatnone"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:M1_Abrams_diagram_num.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/M1_Abrams_diagram_num.svg/400px-M1_Abrams_diagram_num.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/M1_Abrams_diagram_num.svg/600px-M1_Abrams_diagram_num.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/M1_Abrams_diagram_num.svg/800px-M1_Abrams_diagram_num.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1660" data-file-height="780" /></a></span></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col div-col-small" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Periscope" title="Periscope">Periscope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_mantlet" title="Gun mantlet">Gun mantlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Co-axial_mount" class="mw-redirect" title="Co-axial mount">Coaxial</a> gun</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bore_evacuator" title="Bore evacuator">Bore evacuator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tank_gun" title="Tank gun">Main gun</a></li> <li>Driver's optics</li> <li>Driver's hatch</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glacis" title="Glacis">Glacis</a> plate</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continuous_track" title="Continuous track">Continuous track</a></li> <li>Machine gun ammunition</li> <li>Commander's machine gun</li> <li>Hatch or <a href="/wiki/Gun_turret#Cupolas" title="Gun turret">Cupola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_turret" title="Gun turret">Gun turret</a></li> <li>Turret ring</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chassis" title="Chassis">Hull</a></li> <li>Engine air <a href="/wiki/Intake" title="Intake">intake</a></li> <li>Engine compartment</li> <li>Side skirt</li> <li>Drive <a href="/wiki/Sprocket" title="Sprocket">sprocket</a></li> <li>Link</li> <li>Road wheel</li></ol> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Countermeasures">Countermeasures</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Main_battle_tank&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Countermeasures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Challenger_2_Main_Battle_Tank_patrolling_outside_Basra,_Iraq_MOD_45148325.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Challenger_2_Main_Battle_Tank_patrolling_outside_Basra%2C_Iraq_MOD_45148325.jpg/220px-Challenger_2_Main_Battle_Tank_patrolling_outside_Basra%2C_Iraq_MOD_45148325.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Challenger_2_Main_Battle_Tank_patrolling_outside_Basra%2C_Iraq_MOD_45148325.jpg/330px-Challenger_2_Main_Battle_Tank_patrolling_outside_Basra%2C_Iraq_MOD_45148325.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Challenger_2_Main_Battle_Tank_patrolling_outside_Basra%2C_Iraq_MOD_45148325.jpg/440px-Challenger_2_Main_Battle_Tank_patrolling_outside_Basra%2C_Iraq_MOD_45148325.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4064" data-file-height="2704" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Challenger_2" title="Challenger 2">Challenger 2</a> is equipped with <a href="/wiki/Chobham_armour" title="Chobham armour">Chobham armour</a>, an advanced <a href="/wiki/Composite_armour" title="Composite armour">composite armour</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Originally, most MBTs relied on steel armour to defend against various threats. As newer threats emerged, however, the defensive systems used by MBTs had to evolve to counter them. One of the first new developments was the use of <a href="/wiki/Explosive_reactive_armour" class="mw-redirect" title="Explosive reactive armour">explosive reactive armour</a> (ERA), developed by Israel in the early 1980s to defend against the <a href="/wiki/Shaped-charge" class="mw-redirect" title="Shaped-charge">shaped-charge</a> warheads of modern <a href="/wiki/Anti-tank_guided_missile" title="Anti-tank guided missile">anti-tank guided missiles</a> and other such <a href="/wiki/High-explosive_anti-tank" title="High-explosive anti-tank">high-explosive anti-tank</a> (HEAT) projectiles. This technology was subsequently adopted and expanded upon by the United States and the Soviet Union. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Trophy_APS_-_operational.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Trophy_APS_-_operational.jpg/220px-Trophy_APS_-_operational.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Trophy_APS_-_operational.jpg/330px-Trophy_APS_-_operational.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Trophy_APS_-_operational.jpg/440px-Trophy_APS_-_operational.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1592" data-file-height="1060" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces">IDF</a> Merkava Mk. IVm <a href="/wiki/Tank" title="Tank">tank</a> pictured on the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_strip" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaza strip">Gaza border</a>. It has the <a href="/wiki/Trophy_Active_Protection_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Trophy Active Protection System">Trophy Active Protection System</a> installed, which has become operational in the IDF since 2011 to deal with missile threats.</figcaption></figure> <p>MBT armour is concentrated at the front of the tank, where it is layered up to 33 centimetres (13 in) thick.<sup id="cite_ref-armour_1985_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-armour_1985-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Arjun-mbt-2015-chennai.webm/220px--Arjun-mbt-2015-chennai.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="51" data-mwtitle="Arjun-mbt-2015-chennai.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Arjun-mbt-2015-chennai.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/72/Arjun-mbt-2015-chennai.webm/Arjun-mbt-2015-chennai.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/72/Arjun-mbt-2015-chennai.webm/Arjun-mbt-2015-chennai.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/Arjun-mbt-2015-chennai.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/72/Arjun-mbt-2015-chennai.webm/Arjun-mbt-2015-chennai.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/72/Arjun-mbt-2015-chennai.webm/Arjun-mbt-2015-chennai.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/72/Arjun-mbt-2015-chennai.webm/Arjun-mbt-2015-chennai.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/72/Arjun-mbt-2015-chennai.webm/Arjun-mbt-2015-chennai.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>Indian <a href="/wiki/Arjun_(tank)" title="Arjun (tank)">Arjun MBT Mk.1</a> demonstrating 360-degree neutral steering capability</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA_%C2%AB%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%C2%BB_%D0%A2-14.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA_%C2%AB%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%C2%BB_%D0%A2-14.JPG/220px-%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA_%C2%AB%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%C2%BB_%D0%A2-14.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA_%C2%AB%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%C2%BB_%D0%A2-14.JPG/330px-%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA_%C2%AB%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%C2%BB_%D0%A2-14.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA_%C2%AB%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%C2%BB_%D0%A2-14.JPG/440px-%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA_%C2%AB%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%C2%BB_%D0%A2-14.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>The Russian <a href="/wiki/T-14_Armata" title="T-14 Armata">T-14 Armata</a> has a three-tier protection system, with the <i>Afghanit</i> <a href="/wiki/Active_protection_system" title="Active protection system">APS</a>, the <i>Malachit</i> <a href="/wiki/Reactive_armour" title="Reactive armour">ERA</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Composite_armour" title="Composite armour">composite armour</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Missiles are cheap and cost-effective anti-tank weapons.<sup id="cite_ref-leopard_2_mobility_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-leopard_2_mobility-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ERA can be quickly added to vehicles to increase their survivability. However, the detonation of ERA blocks creates a hazard to any supporting <a href="/wiki/Infantry" title="Infantry">infantry</a> near the tank. Despite this drawback, it is still employed on many Russian MBTs, the latest generation <a href="/wiki/Kontakt-5" title="Kontakt-5">Kontakt-5</a> being capable of defeating both <a href="/wiki/High-explosive_anti-tank" title="High-explosive anti-tank">high-explosive anti-tank</a> (HEAT) and <a href="/wiki/Kinetic_energy_penetrator" title="Kinetic energy penetrator">kinetic energy penetrator</a> threats. The Soviets also developed <a href="/wiki/Active_protection_system" title="Active protection system">Active Protection Systems</a> (APS) designed to more actively neutralize hostile projectiles before they could even strike the tank, namely the <a href="/wiki/Shtora" class="mw-redirect" title="Shtora">Shtora</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arena_Active_Protection_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Arena Active Protection System">Arena</a> systems. The United States has also adopted similar technologies in the form of the Missile Countermeasure Device and as part of the <a href="/wiki/Tank_Urban_Survival_Kit" class="mw-redirect" title="Tank Urban Survival Kit">Tank Urban Survival Kit</a> used on M1 Abrams tanks serving in Iraq. The latest Russian MBT, according to many forum members<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Which forum (January 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> the <a href="/wiki/T-14_Armata" title="T-14 Armata">T-14 Armata</a>, incorporates an <a href="/wiki/Active_electronically_scanned_array" title="Active electronically scanned array">AESA radar</a> as part of its <i>Afghanit</i> APS and in conjunction with the rest of its armament, can also intercept aircraft and missiles.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>MBTs can also be protected from radar detection by incorporating <a href="/wiki/Stealth_ground_vehicle" title="Stealth ground vehicle">stealth technology</a>. The T-14 Armata has a turret designed to be harder to detect with radars and thermal sights.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Advanced camouflage, like the Russian <a href="/wiki/Nakidka" title="Nakidka">Nakidka</a>, will also reduce the radar and thermal signatures of a MBT.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other defensive developments focused on improving the strength of the armour itself; one of the notable advancements coming from the British with the development of <a href="/wiki/Chobham_armour" title="Chobham armour">Chobham armour</a> in the 1970s. It was first employed on the American <a href="/wiki/M1_Abrams" title="M1 Abrams">M1 Abrams</a> and later the British <a href="/wiki/Challenger_1" title="Challenger 1">Challenger 1</a>. Chobham armour uses a lattice of composite and ceramic materials along with metal alloys to defeat incoming threats, and proved highly effective in the conflicts in Iraq in the early 1990s and 2000s; surviving numerous impacts from 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s era <a href="/wiki/Rocket-propelled_grenade" title="Rocket-propelled grenade">rocket-propelled grenades</a> with negligible damage. It is much less efficient against later models of RPGs. For example, the <a href="/wiki/RPG-29" title="RPG-29">RPG-29</a> from the 1980s is able to penetrate the frontal hull armour of the Challenger 2.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Weaponry">Weaponry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Main_battle_tank&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Weaponry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_188th_Brigade_Training_Day,_March_2008-cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_188th_Brigade_Training_Day%2C_March_2008-cropped.jpg/220px-Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_188th_Brigade_Training_Day%2C_March_2008-cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_188th_Brigade_Training_Day%2C_March_2008-cropped.jpg/330px-Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_188th_Brigade_Training_Day%2C_March_2008-cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_188th_Brigade_Training_Day%2C_March_2008-cropped.jpg/440px-Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_188th_Brigade_Training_Day%2C_March_2008-cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2789" data-file-height="1898" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Merkava" title="Merkava">Merkava</a> Mk 3d BAZ of the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces">Israel Defense Forces</a> firing its main gun</figcaption></figure> <p>Main battle tanks are equipped with a <a href="/wiki/Tank_gun" title="Tank gun">main gun</a> and at least one <a href="/wiki/Machine_gun" title="Machine gun">machine gun</a>. </p><p>MBT main guns are generally between 100 mm (3.9 in) and 125 mm (4.9 in) caliber, and can fire both anti-armour and, more recently, anti-personnel rounds. The cannon serves a dual role, able to engage other armoured targets such as tanks and fortifications, and soft targets such as light vehicles and infantry. It is fixed to the turret, along with the loading and fire mechanism. Modern tanks use a sophisticated <a href="/wiki/Fire-control_system" title="Fire-control system">fire-control system</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Rangefinder" title="Rangefinder">rangefinders</a>, computerized fire control, and stabilizers, which are designed to keep the cannon stable and aimed even if the hull is turning or shaking, making it easier for the operators to fire on the move and/or against moving targets. Gun-missile systems are complicated and have been particularly unsatisfactory to the United States who abandoned gun-missile projects such as the <a href="/wiki/M60A2" class="mw-redirect" title="M60A2">M60A2</a> and <a href="/wiki/MBT-70" title="MBT-70">MBT-70</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-gun-missile_failure_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gun-missile_failure-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but have been diligently developed by the Soviet Union, who even retrofitted them to <a href="/wiki/T-55" class="mw-redirect" title="T-55">T-55</a> tanks, in an effort to double the effective range of the vehicle's fire. The MBT's role could be compromised because of the increasing distances involved and the increased reliance on <a href="/wiki/Indirect_fire" title="Indirect fire">indirect fire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-indirect_fire_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-indirect_fire-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tank gun is still useful in urban combat for precisely delivering powerful fire while minimizing collateral damage.<sup id="cite_ref-McNab_Gulf_War_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McNab_Gulf_War-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Leclerc-IMG_1744.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Leclerc-IMG_1744.jpg/220px-Leclerc-IMG_1744.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Leclerc-IMG_1744.jpg/330px-Leclerc-IMG_1744.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Leclerc-IMG_1744.jpg/440px-Leclerc-IMG_1744.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2088" data-file-height="1395" /></a><figcaption>French <a href="/wiki/Leclerc_tank" title="Leclerc tank">Leclerc</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/High-explosive_anti-tank" title="High-explosive anti-tank">High-explosive anti-tank</a> (HEAT), and some form of high velocity <a href="/wiki/Kinetic_energy_penetrator" title="Kinetic energy penetrator">kinetic energy penetrator</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Armour-piercing_fin-stabilized_discarding_sabot" title="Armour-piercing fin-stabilized discarding sabot">armour-piercing fin-stabilized discarding sabot</a> (APFSDS) rounds are carried for anti-armour purposes. Anti-personnel rounds such as <a href="/wiki/High_explosive" class="mw-redirect" title="High explosive">high explosive</a> or <a href="/wiki/High_explosive_fragmentation" class="mw-redirect" title="High explosive fragmentation">high explosive fragmentation</a> have dual purpose. Less common rounds are <a href="/wiki/Beehive_anti-personnel_round" title="Beehive anti-personnel round">Beehive anti-personnel rounds</a>, and <a href="/wiki/High-explosive_squash_head" title="High-explosive squash head">high-explosive squash head</a> (HESH) rounds used for both anti-armour and bunker busting. Usually, an MBT carries 30–50 rounds of ammunition for its main <a href="/wiki/Tank_gun" title="Tank gun">tank gun</a>, usually split between HE, HEAT, and KEP rounds. Some MBTs may also carry smoke or <a href="/wiki/White_phosphorus" title="White phosphorus">white phosphorus</a> rounds. Some MBTs are equipped with an <a href="/wiki/Autoloader" title="Autoloader">autoloader</a>, such as the French <a href="/wiki/Leclerc_tank" title="Leclerc tank">Leclerc</a>, or the Russian/Ukrainian <a href="/wiki/T-64" title="T-64">T-64</a>, <a href="/wiki/T-72" title="T-72">T-72</a>, <a href="/wiki/T-80" title="T-80">T-80</a>, <a href="/wiki/T-84" title="T-84">T-84</a>, <a href="/wiki/T-90" title="T-90">T-90</a>, and <a href="/wiki/T-14_Armata" title="T-14 Armata">T-14</a> and, for this reason, the crew can be reduced to 3 members. MBTs with an autoloader require one less crew member and the autoloader requires less space than its human counterpart, allowing for a reduction in turret size. Further, an autoloader can be designed to handle rounds which would be too difficult for a human to load.<sup id="cite_ref-turret_autoloader_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-turret_autoloader-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This reduces the silhouette which improves the MBT's target profile. However, with a manual loader, the rounds can be isolated within a blowout chamber, rather than a magazine within the turret, which could improve crew survivability. However, the force of a modern depleted uranium APFSDS round at the muzzle can exceed 6000 kN (a rough estimate, considering a uranium 60 cm/2 cm rod, 19g/cm<sup>3</sup>, @ 1,750 m/s). Composite+reactive armour could withstand this kind of force through its deflection and deformation, but with a second hit in the same area, an armour breach is inevitable. As such, the speed of follow up shots is crucial within tank to tank combat.<sup id="cite_ref-arms_diffusion_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arms_diffusion-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As secondary weapons, an MBT usually uses between two and four machine guns to engage infantry and light vehicles. Many MBTs mount one heavy caliber anti-aircraft machine gun (AAMG), usually of .50 caliber (like the <a href="/wiki/M2_Browning" title="M2 Browning">M2 Browning</a> or <a href="/wiki/DShK" title="DShK">DShK</a>), which can be used against helicopters and low flying aircraft. However, their effectiveness is limited in comparison to dedicated anti-aircraft artillery. The tank's machine guns are usually equipped with between 500 and 3,000 rounds each. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Situational_awareness">Situational awareness</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Main_battle_tank&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Situational awareness"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Situational_awareness" class="mw-redirect" title="Situational awareness">Situational awareness</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Limpid_Armor_LCG_DSS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Limpid_Armor_LCG_DSS.jpg/220px-Limpid_Armor_LCG_DSS.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Limpid_Armor_LCG_DSS.jpg/330px-Limpid_Armor_LCG_DSS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Limpid_Armor_LCG_DSS.jpg/440px-Limpid_Armor_LCG_DSS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2536" data-file-height="1795" /></a><figcaption>Circular review system of the company LimpidArmor</figcaption></figure> <p>Performing situational awareness and communicating is one of four primary MBT functions.<sup id="cite_ref-MBT_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MBT-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For situational awareness, the crew can use a <a href="/wiki/Circular_review_system" title="Circular review system">circular review system</a> combining <a href="/wiki/Augmented_reality" title="Augmented reality">augmented reality</a> and <a href="/wiki/Artificial_Intelligence" class="mw-redirect" title="Artificial Intelligence">artificial Intelligence</a> technologies.<sup id="cite_ref-AI_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AI-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These systems use several externally mounted video sensors to transfer a 360º view of the tank's surroundings onto crew <a href="/wiki/Helmet-mounted_display" title="Helmet-mounted display">helmet-mounted displays</a> or other display systems. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mobility">Mobility</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Main_battle_tank&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Mobility"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>MBTs, like previous models of tanks, move on <a href="/wiki/Continuous_track" title="Continuous track">continuous tracks</a>, which allow a decent level of mobility over most terrain including sand and mud. They also allow tanks to climb over most obstacles. MBTs can be made water-tight, so they can even dive into shallow water (5 m (16 ft) with snorkel). However, tracks are not as fast as wheels; the maximum speed of a tank is about 65 km/h (40 mph)<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. The extreme weight of vehicles of this type 40–70 t (39–69 long tons; 44–77 short tons) also limits their speed. They are usually equipped with a 1,200–1,500 hp (890–1,120 kW) engine (more than 25,000 cc (1,526 cu in)), with an operational range near 500 km (310 mi). </p><p>The German Army has prioritized mobility in its Leopard 2 which is considered one of the fastest MBTs in existence.<sup id="cite_ref-leopard_2_mobility_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-leopard_2_mobility-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The MBT is often cumbersome in traffic and frequently obstructs the normal flow of traffic. The tracks can damage some roads after repeated use. Many structures like bridges do not have the load capacity to support an MBT. In the fast pace of combat, it is often impossible to test the sturdiness of these structures. Though appreciated for its excellent off-road characteristics, the MBT can become immobilized in muddy conditions. </p><p>The high cost of MBTs can be attributed in part to the high-performance engine-transmission system and to the fire control system. Also, propulsion systems are not produced in high enough quantities to take advantage of <a href="/wiki/Economies_of_scale" title="Economies of scale">economies of scale</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-economies_of_scale_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-economies_of_scale-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Crew fatigue limits the operational range of MBTs in combat. Reducing the crew to three and relocating all crewmembers from the turret to the hull could provide time to sleep for one off-shift crewmember located in the rear of the hull. In this scenario, crewmembers would rotate shifts regularly and all would require cross-training on all vehicle job functions.<sup id="cite_ref-armor:three/two_man_crew_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-armor:three/two_man_crew-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cargo aircraft are instrumental to the timely deployment of MBTs. The absence of sufficient numbers of strategic airlift assets can limit the rate of MBT deployments to the number of aircraft available.<sup id="cite_ref-C-5_logistics_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-C-5_logistics-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Military planners anticipate that the airlift capability for MBTs will not improve in the future.<sup id="cite_ref-End_of_military_Fordism_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-End_of_military_Fordism-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To date, no helicopter has the capability to lift MBTs.<sup id="cite_ref-McNab_Gulf_War_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McNab_Gulf_War-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rail and road are heavily used to move MBTs nearer to the battle, ready to fight in prime condition.<sup id="cite_ref-End_of_military_Fordism_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-End_of_military_Fordism-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Where well maintained roads allow it, wheeled <a href="/wiki/Tank_transporter" title="Tank transporter">tank transporters</a> can be used.<sup id="cite_ref-MBT_capability_compared_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MBT_capability_compared-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The task of resupply is usually accomplished with large trucks.<sup id="cite_ref-truck_logistics_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-truck_logistics-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 203.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 201.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:T-84_Oplat_guided_onto_a_tank_transporter.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ukrainian BM Oplot, produced by the KMDB guided onto a tank transporter"><img alt="Ukrainian BM Oplot, produced by the KMDB guided onto a tank transporter" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/T-84_Oplat_guided_onto_a_tank_transporter.jpg/302px-T-84_Oplat_guided_onto_a_tank_transporter.jpg" decoding="async" width="202" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/T-84_Oplat_guided_onto_a_tank_transporter.jpg/453px-T-84_Oplat_guided_onto_a_tank_transporter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/T-84_Oplat_guided_onto_a_tank_transporter.jpg/603px-T-84_Oplat_guided_onto_a_tank_transporter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="713" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ukrainian <a href="/wiki/T-84" title="T-84">BM Oplot</a>, produced by the <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_Morozov_Machine_Building_Design_Bureau" title="Kharkiv Morozov Machine Building Design Bureau">KMDB</a> guided onto a <a href="/wiki/Tank_transporter" title="Tank transporter">tank transporter</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 219.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 217.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Challenger_1_suspension.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A former British Army Challenger 1"><img alt="A former British Army Challenger 1" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Challenger_1_suspension.jpg/326px-Challenger_1_suspension.jpg" decoding="async" width="218" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Challenger_1_suspension.jpg/489px-Challenger_1_suspension.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Challenger_1_suspension.jpg/652px-Challenger_1_suspension.jpg 2x" data-file-width="943" data-file-height="608" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A former British Army <a href="/wiki/Challenger_1" title="Challenger 1">Challenger 1</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 212px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SETC_Italy_(26890728102).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Italian Ariete. Its relatively low weight (54 tonnes) facilitates mobility, especially while crossing bridges."><img alt="The Italian Ariete. Its relatively low weight (54 tonnes) facilitates mobility, especially while crossing bridges." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/SETC_Italy_%2826890728102%29.jpg/315px-SETC_Italy_%2826890728102%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/SETC_Italy_%2826890728102%29.jpg/472px-SETC_Italy_%2826890728102%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/SETC_Italy_%2826890728102%29.jpg/629px-SETC_Italy_%2826890728102%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6016" data-file-height="4016" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Italian <a href="/wiki/Ariete" title="Ariete">Ariete</a>. Its relatively low weight (54 tonnes) facilitates mobility, especially while crossing bridges.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 251.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 249.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Arjun_MK1A_MBT.webm/374px--Arjun_MK1A_MBT.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="250" height="140" data-durationhint="23" data-mwtitle="Arjun_MK1A_MBT.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/10/Arjun_MK1A_MBT.webm/Arjun_MK1A_MBT.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/10/Arjun_MK1A_MBT.webm/Arjun_MK1A_MBT.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/Arjun_MK1A_MBT.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/10/Arjun_MK1A_MBT.webm/Arjun_MK1A_MBT.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/10/Arjun_MK1A_MBT.webm/Arjun_MK1A_MBT.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/10/Arjun_MK1A_MBT.webm/Arjun_MK1A_MBT.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/10/Arjun_MK1A_MBT.webm/Arjun_MK1A_MBT.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Indian <a href="/wiki/Arjun_(tank)" title="Arjun (tank)">Arjun MK1A</a> demonstrating movement over bump track</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Storage">Storage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Main_battle_tank&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Storage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Main battle tanks have internal and external storage space. Internal space is reserved for ammunition. External space enhances independence of logistics and can accommodate extra fuel and some personal equipment of the crew.<sup id="cite_ref-external_storage_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-external_storage-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Israeli <a href="/wiki/Merkava" title="Merkava">Merkava</a> can accommodate crew members displaced from a destroyed vehicle in its ammunition compartment.<sup id="cite_ref-armor:three/two_man_crew_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-armor:three/two_man_crew-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Crew">Crew</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Main_battle_tank&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Crew"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tank_commander" class="mw-redirect" title="Tank commander">Tank commander</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Main_battle_tank&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2021</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Emphasis is placed on selecting and training main battle tank crew members. The crew must perform their tasks faultlessly and harmoniously so commanders select teams taking into consideration personalities and talents.<sup id="cite_ref-McNab_Gulf_War_29-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McNab_Gulf_War-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Role">Role</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Main_battle_tank&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Role"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:M1A1_desant.JPEG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/M1A1_desant.JPEG/220px-M1A1_desant.JPEG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/M1A1_desant.JPEG/330px-M1A1_desant.JPEG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/M1A1_desant.JPEG/440px-M1A1_desant.JPEG 2x" data-file-width="1728" data-file-height="1152" /></a><figcaption>US Marines during the <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a> ride on an <a href="/wiki/M1A1_Abrams" class="mw-redirect" title="M1A1 Abrams">M1A1 Abrams</a> tank in April 2003.</figcaption></figure> <p>The main battle tank fulfills the role the British had once called the "universal tank", filling almost all battlefield roles. They were originally designed in the Cold War to combat other MBTs.<sup id="cite_ref-indirect_fire_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-indirect_fire-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The modern <a href="/wiki/Light_tank" title="Light tank">light tank</a> supplements the MBT in <a href="/wiki/Expeditionary_warfare" title="Expeditionary warfare">expeditionary</a> roles and situations where all major threats have been neutralized and excess weight in armour and armament would only hinder mobility and cost more money to operate. </p><p>Reconnaissance by MBTs is performed in high-intensity conflicts where reconnaissance by light vehicles would be insufficient due to the necessity to "fight" for information.<sup id="cite_ref-End_of_military_Fordism_55-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-End_of_military_Fordism-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In asymmetric warfare, main battle tanks are deployed in small, highly concentrated units. MBTs fire only at targets at close range and instead rely on external support such as unmanned aircraft for long range combat.<sup id="cite_ref-MBT_concentration_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MBT_concentration-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Main battle tanks have significantly varied characteristics. Procuring too many varieties can place a burden on tactics, training, support and maintenance.<sup id="cite_ref-Burden_of_variety_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burden_of_variety-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The MBT has a positive morale effect on the infantry it accompanies.<sup id="cite_ref-morale_effect_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-morale_effect-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also instills fear in the opposing force who can often hear and even feel their arrival.<sup id="cite_ref-McNab_Gulf_War_29-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McNab_Gulf_War-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Procurement">Procurement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Main_battle_tank&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Procurement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Manufacture">Manufacture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Main_battle_tank&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Manufacture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:M1_Abrams_turret_alignment.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/M1_Abrams_turret_alignment.jpg/220px-M1_Abrams_turret_alignment.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/M1_Abrams_turret_alignment.jpg/330px-M1_Abrams_turret_alignment.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/M1_Abrams_turret_alignment.jpg/440px-M1_Abrams_turret_alignment.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="487" /></a><figcaption>Mechanics at <a href="/wiki/Anniston_Army_Depot" title="Anniston Army Depot">Anniston Army Depot</a> line up an <a href="/wiki/M1_Abrams" title="M1 Abrams">M1 Abrams</a> turret with its hull.</figcaption></figure><p>MBT production is increasingly being outsourced to wealthy nations. Countries that are just beginning to produce tanks are having difficulties remaining profitable in an industry that is increasingly becoming more expensive through the sophistication of technology. Even some large-scale producers are seeing declines in production. Even China is divesting many of its MBTs.<sup id="cite_ref-End_of_military_Fordism_55-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-End_of_military_Fordism-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The production of main battle tanks is limited to manufacturers that specialize in combat vehicles. Commercial manufacturers of civilian vehicles cannot easily be repurposed as MBT production facilities.<sup id="cite_ref-commercial_manufacture_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-commercial_manufacture-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Prices for MBTs have more than tripled from 1943 to 2011, although this pales in comparison with the price increase in fighter aircraft from 1943 to 1975.<sup id="cite_ref-indirect_fire_35-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-indirect_fire-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marketing">Marketing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Main_battle_tank&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Marketing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Main_battle_tank&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2011</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Several MBT models, such as the <a href="/wiki/AMX-40" title="AMX-40">AMX-40</a> and <a href="/wiki/OF-40" title="OF-40">OF-40</a>, were marketed almost solely as export vehicles.<sup id="cite_ref-End_of_military_Fordism_55-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-End_of_military_Fordism-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several tank producers, such as Japan and Israel, choose not to market their creations for export.<sup id="cite_ref-End_of_military_Fordism_55-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-End_of_military_Fordism-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others have <a href="/wiki/Trade_barrier" title="Trade barrier">export control</a> laws in place. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Main_battle_tank&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armoured_warfare" title="Armoured warfare">Armoured warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_United_States_military_vehicles_by_model_number" title="List of the United States military vehicles by model number">List of the United States military vehicles by model number</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_main_battle_tanks_by_country" title="List of main battle tanks by country">List of main battle tanks by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_main_battle_tanks_by_generation" title="List of main battle tanks by generation">List of main battle tanks by generation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanks_in_the_Cold_War" title="Tanks in the Cold War">Tanks in the Cold War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanks_of_the_post%E2%80%93Cold_War_era" title="Tanks of the post–Cold War era">Tanks of the post–Cold War era</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Main_battle_tank&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Chieftain, which until then had been called Medium Gun Tank No 2, was renamed the Main Battle Tank".<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">72 km/h (45 mph) for the Leopard 2<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Main_battle_tank&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ogorkiewicz 2018 p222</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFForty1979" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Forty" title="George Forty">Forty, George</a> (1979). <i>Chieftain</i>. London: I. Allan. p. 16. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7110-0943-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-7110-0943-0"><bdi>0-7110-0943-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/16495641">16495641</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chieftain&rft.place=London&rft.pages=16&rft.pub=I.+Allan&rft.date=1979&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F16495641&rft.isbn=0-7110-0943-0&rft.aulast=Forty&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMain+battle+tank" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-House1984-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-House1984_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#House1984">House (1984)</a>, <i>Toward Combined Arms Warfare: A Survey of 20th-Century Tactics, Doctrine, and Organization</i> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (October 2023)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTranquiler" class="citation cs2">Tranquiler, Roger, <i>Modern Warfare. A French View of Counterinsurgency trans. Daniel Lee</i>, <q>Pitting a traditional combined armed force trained and equipped to defeat similar military organisations against insurgents reminds one of a pile driver attempting to crush a fly, indefatigably persisting in repeating its efforts.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+Warfare.+A+French+View+of+Counterinsurgency+trans.+Daniel+Lee&rft.aulast=Tranquiler&rft.aufirst=Roger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMain+battle+tank" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (October 2023)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Encyclopedia of German tanks of World War 2; Peter Chamberlain and Hilary Doyle</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GreenPanther-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GreenPanther_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GreenPanther_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreenGreen2012" class="citation book cs1">Green, Michael; Green, Gladys (2012). <i>Panther: Germany's Quest for Combat Dominance</i>. Osprey Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781849088411" title="Special:BookSources/9781849088411"><bdi>9781849088411</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Panther%3A+Germany%27s+Quest+for+Combat+Dominance&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9781849088411&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Green%2C+Gladys&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMain+battle+tank" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tanks-encyclopedia.com/ww2/soviet/soviet_T-44.php">"T-44"</a>. <i>Tank Encyclopedia</i>. 29 October 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170709032112/http://www.tanks-encyclopedia.com/ww2/soviet/soviet_T-44.php">Archived</a> from the original on 9 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tank+Encyclopedia&rft.atitle=T-44&rft.date=2015-10-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tanks-encyclopedia.com%2Fww2%2Fsoviet%2Fsoviet_T-44.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMain+battle+tank" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConners2015" class="citation web cs1">Conners, Chris (27 August 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://afvdb.50megs.com/usa/m26pershing.html">"M26 Pershing"</a>. <i>American Fighting Vehicle Database</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110429085821/http://afvdb.50megs.com/usa/m26pershing.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 April 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Fighting+Vehicle+Database&rft.atitle=M26+Pershing&rft.date=2015-08-27&rft.aulast=Conners&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fafvdb.50megs.com%2Fusa%2Fm26pershing.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMain+battle+tank" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHunnicutt1996" class="citation book cs1">Hunnicutt, R.P (1996) [1970]. <i>Pershing : A History of the Medium Tank T20 Series</i>. Berkeley, California: Feist Publications. p. 112. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-112-95450-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-112-95450-3"><bdi>1-112-95450-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pershing+%3A+A+History+of+the+Medium+Tank+T20+Series&rft.place=Berkeley%2C+California&rft.pages=112&rft.pub=Feist+Publications&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=1-112-95450-3&rft.aulast=Hunnicutt&rft.aufirst=R.P&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMain+battle+tank" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZaloga2015" class="citation book cs1">Zaloga, Steven (2015). <i>Armored Champion : The Top Tanks of World War II</i>. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books. p. 263. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780811714372" title="Special:BookSources/9780811714372"><bdi>9780811714372</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/895501029">895501029</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Armored+Champion+%3A+The+Top+Tanks+of+World+War+II&rft.place=Mechanicsburg%2C+PA&rft.pages=263&rft.pub=Stackpole+Books&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F895501029&rft.isbn=9780811714372&rft.aulast=Zaloga&rft.aufirst=Steven&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMain+battle+tank" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZaloga2015" class="citation book cs1">Zaloga, Steven (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QuvyCQAAQBAJ&q=The+M26+formed+the+basis&pg=PT539"><i>Armored Champion: The Top Tanks of World War II</i></a>. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books. p. 289. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8117-1437-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8117-1437-2"><bdi>978-0-8117-1437-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171013233930/https://books.google.com/books?id=QuvyCQAAQBAJ&pg=PT539&lpg=PT539&dq=The+M26+formed+the+basis&source=bl&ots=9l-3rh1qxy&sig=Z5fal_7UdU4EJT-rMjXUzMpRmss&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi74pb9lOfVAhUKymMKHSnYD3kQ6AEINjAC#v=onepage&q=The%20M26%20formed%20the%20basis&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 13 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Armored+Champion%3A+The+Top+Tanks+of+World+War+II&rft.place=Mechanicsburg%2C+PA&rft.pages=289&rft.pub=Stackpole+Books&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-8117-1437-2&rft.aulast=Zaloga&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQuvyCQAAQBAJ%26q%3DThe%2BM26%2Bformed%2Bthe%2Bbasis%26pg%3DPT539&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMain+battle+tank" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Rolls Royce Meteor: Cromwell and other Applications. Rolls-Royce Heritage Trust.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (October 2023)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFletcher,_Universal_Tank" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Fletcher_(military_historian)" title="David Fletcher (military historian)">Fletcher, David</a> (1989). <i>Universal Tank: British Armour in the Second World War - Part 2</i>. <a href="/wiki/HMSO" class="mw-redirect" title="HMSO">HMSO</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-11-290534-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-11-290534-X"><bdi>0-11-290534-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Universal+Tank%3A+British+Armour+in+the+Second+World+War+-+Part+2&rft.pub=HMSO&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0-11-290534-X&rft.aulast=Fletcher&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMain+battle+tank" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Montgomery-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Montgomery_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaldwin1947" class="citation news cs1">Baldwin, Hanson W. (19 May 1947). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1947/05/19/archives/tank-role-is-seen-in-atomic-warfare-armors-spearhead-mission-in.html">"Tank Role Is Seen In Atomic Warfare"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180913150453/https://www.nytimes.com/1947/05/19/archives/tank-role-is-seen-in-atomic-warfare-armors-spearhead-mission-in.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Tank+Role+Is+Seen+In+Atomic+Warfare&rft.date=1947-05-19&rft.aulast=Baldwin&rft.aufirst=Hanson+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1947%2F05%2F19%2Farchives%2Ftank-role-is-seen-in-atomic-warfare-armors-spearhead-mission-in.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMain+battle+tank" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ogorkiewicz 2018 p178</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Design and Development of Fighting Vehicles</i>. R.M. Ogorkiewicz, page 43</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ogorkiewicz, 2018 p179</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Советская Военная Энциклопедия. Под ред. Гречко А.А. – М.: Воениздат, 1976–80 гг., в 8-и томах, статья «Танк» (Soviet Military Encyclopedia)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MBT_generations-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MBT_generations_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MBT_generations_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MBT_generations_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas_W._Zarzecki2002" class="citation book cs1">Thomas W. Zarzecki (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fhnixhMQqW8C&q=%22main+battle+tank%22"><i>Arms Diffusion: The Spread of Military Innovations in the International System</i></a>. Psychology Press. p. 212. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-93514-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-93514-8"><bdi>0-415-93514-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131009034223/http://books.google.com/books?id=fhnixhMQqW8C&dq=%22main+battle+tank%22&source=gbs_navlinks_s">Archived</a> from the original on 9 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arms+Diffusion%3A+The+Spread+of+Military+Innovations+in+the+International+System&rft.pages=212&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-415-93514-8&rft.au=Thomas+W.+Zarzecki&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfhnixhMQqW8C%26q%3D%2522main%2Bbattle%2Btank%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMain+battle+tank" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">T-64 manual ("Танк Т-64А. Техническое описание и инструкция по эксплуатации. 1984") state T-64 as "main battle" tank, while previous T-62 and T-55 (in corresponding military manuals, like "Танк Т-62. Руководство по материальной части и эксплуатации. 1968") stated as "medium" tanks</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Танк Т-62. Руководство по материальной части и эксплуатации. 1968</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">MIL-T-45308 state "Tank, Main Battle, 105MM Gun, M60", while MIL-T-45148 state "TANK, COMBAT, FULL-TRACKED, 90MM GUN, M48A2"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Radioactive_attenuation-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Radioactive_attenuation_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAcademicJohn_HarrisAndre_Gsponer1986" class="citation book cs1">AcademicJohn Harris & Andre Gsponer (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mYVNkaEJpz4C&pg=PA47"><i>Armour defuses the neutron bomb</i></a>. Reed Business Information. p. 47. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131009034202/http://books.google.com/books?id=mYVNkaEJpz4C&pg=PA47">Archived</a> from the original on 9 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Armour+defuses+the+neutron+bomb&rft.pages=47&rft.pub=Reed+Business+Information&rft.date=1986&rft.au=AcademicJohn+Harris&rft.au=Andre+Gsponer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmYVNkaEJpz4C%26pg%3DPA47&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMain+battle+tank" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1980_production-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1980_production_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_ZEJAAAAIAAJ&q=%22main+battle+tank%22"><i>Academic American encyclopedia, Volume 2</i></a>. Aretê Pub. Co., 1980. 1980. p. 177. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780933880009" title="Special:BookSources/9780933880009"><bdi>9780933880009</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140105063625/http://books.google.com/books?id=_ZEJAAAAIAAJ&q=%22main+battle+tank%22&dq=%22main+battle+tank%22&hl=en&ei=IQyaTbOfGI-40QG9-6z-Cw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CEAQ6AEwBDiOAg&safe=active">Archived</a> from the original on 5 January 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Academic+American+encyclopedia%2C+Volume+2&rft.pages=177&rft.pub=Aret%C3%AA+Pub.+Co.%2C+1980&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=9780933880009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_ZEJAAAAIAAJ%26q%3D%2522main%2Bbattle%2Btank%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMain+battle+tank" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Soviet_MBT_reliance-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Soviet_MBT_reliance_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_C._Isby1988" class="citation book cs1">David C. Isby (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=923fAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Main+battle+tank%22"><i>Weapons and tactics of the Soviet Army</i></a>. Jane's. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780710603524" title="Special:BookSources/9780710603524"><bdi>9780710603524</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131009034213/http://books.google.com/books?id=923fAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Main+battle+tank%22&dq=%22Main+battle+tank%22&hl=en&ei=ihaaTYv_G4HegQfKvcC6CA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CEYQ6AEwBjjKAg&safe=active">Archived</a> from the original on 9 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Weapons+and+tactics+of+the+Soviet+Army&rft.pub=Jane%27s&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=9780710603524&rft.au=David+C.+Isby&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D923fAAAAMAAJ%26q%3D%2522Main%2Bbattle%2Btank%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMain+battle+tank" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bias-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bias_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaniel_H._Else_(III.)2008" class="citation book cs1">Daniel H. Else (III.) (2008). "Chapter 3". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Tl3aSoTJ5RcC"><i>Bias in weapon development</i></a>. p. 62. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780549385172" title="Special:BookSources/9780549385172"><bdi>9780549385172</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131009034209/http://books.google.com/books?id=Tl3aSoTJ5RcC&source=gbs_navlinks_s">Archived</a> from the original on 9 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+3&rft.btitle=Bias+in+weapon+development&rft.pages=62&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9780549385172&rft.au=Daniel+H.+Else+%28III.%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTl3aSoTJ5RcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMain+battle+tank" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-outperformed-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-outperformed_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCanadian_Institute_of_Strategic_Studies1993" class="citation book cs1">Canadian Institute of Strategic Studies (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-p8pAQAAIAAJ&q=%22main+battle+tank%22"><i>The Canadian strategic forecast</i></a>. Canadian Institute of Strategic Studies. p. 73. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780919769489" title="Special:BookSources/9780919769489"><bdi>9780919769489</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140630102059/http://books.google.com/books?id=-p8pAQAAIAAJ&q=%22main+battle+tank%22&dq=%22main+battle+tank%22&hl=en&ei=rPyZTcmxIaTh0gGOlrTlCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAjiEAg&safe=active">Archived</a> from the original on 30 June 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Canadian+strategic+forecast&rft.pages=73&rft.pub=Canadian+Institute+of+Strategic+Studies&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=9780919769489&rft.au=Canadian+Institute+of+Strategic+Studies&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-p8pAQAAIAAJ%26q%3D%2522main%2Bbattle%2Btank%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMain+battle+tank" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McNab_Gulf_War-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McNab_Gulf_War_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McNab_Gulf_War_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McNab_Gulf_War_29-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McNab_Gulf_War_29-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McNab_Gulf_War_29-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChris_McNabHunter_Keeter2008" class="citation book cs1">Chris McNab; Hunter Keeter (2008). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/toolsofviolenceg0000mcna"><i>Tools of violence: guns, tanks and dirty bombs</i></a></span>. Osprey Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781846032257" title="Special:BookSources/9781846032257"><bdi>9781846032257</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 April</span> 2011</span>. <q>Main battle tank.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tools+of+violence%3A+guns%2C+tanks+and+dirty+bombs&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9781846032257&rft.au=Chris+McNab&rft.au=Hunter+Keeter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftoolsofviolenceg0000mcna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMain+battle+tank" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bolster-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bolster_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPanda2015" class="citation news cs1">Panda, Ankit (13 January 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thediplomat.com/2015/01/main-battle-tanks-in-asia-useful-junk/">"Main Battle Tanks in Asia: Useful Junk"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150724154838/https://thediplomat.com/2015/01/main-battle-tanks-in-asia-useful-junk/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 July 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2015</span>. <q>Beyond Asia's large militaries, the broader proliferation of tanks makes sense given the security needs of states with relatively weaker militaries. Naval and amphibious warfare focused states such as Japan and Indonesia are acquiring new tanks to build capacity in land warfare (urban warfare in Japan's case). Bangladesh, as a developing nation, is acquiring cheaper Chinese MBTs for similar reasons. None of these states expect to use these tanks for an expeditionary purpose, or even against a foreign invader. MBTs can play an important role in maintaining internal security.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Main+Battle+Tanks+in+Asia%3A+Useful+Junk&rft.date=2015-01-13&rft.aulast=Panda&rft.aufirst=Ankit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthediplomat.com%2F2015%2F01%2Fmain-battle-tanks-in-asia-useful-junk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMain+battle+tank" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-israel_divestitue-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-israel_divestitue_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnthony_H._Cordesman2006" class="citation book cs1">Anthony H. Cordesman (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3eZK7cm6pjoC"><i>Arab-Israeli Military Forces in an Era of Asymmetric Wars</i></a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-275-99186-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-275-99186-5"><bdi>0-275-99186-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110629092259/http://books.google.com/books?id=3eZK7cm6pjoC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0">Archived</a> from the original on 29 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arab-Israeli+Military+Forces+in+an+Era+of+Asymmetric+Wars&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-275-99186-5&rft.au=Anthony+H.+Cordesman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3eZK7cm6pjoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMain+battle+tank" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKomarow2005" class="citation web cs1">Komarow, Steven (29 March 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/news/world/iraq/2005-03-29-abrams-tank-a_x.htm">"Tanks take a beating in Iraq"</a>. <i>USA Today</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120318030456/http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/iraq/2005-03-29-abrams-tank-a_x.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 18 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Tanks+take+a+beating+in+Iraq&rft.date=2005-03-29&rft.aulast=Komarow&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Firaq%2F2005-03-29-abrams-tank-a_x.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMain+battle+tank" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USAToday2005b-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-USAToday2005b_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKomarow2005" class="citation web cs1">Komarow, Steven (29 March 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2005-03-29-tank-inside_x.htm">"Tanks adapted for urban fights they once avoided"</a>. <i>USA Today</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110822063215/http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2005-03-29-tank-inside_x.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 22 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Tanks+adapted+for+urban+fights+they+once+avoided&rft.date=2005-03-29&rft.aulast=Komarow&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2F2005-03-29-tank-inside_x.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMain+battle+tank" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-crew_survivability-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-crew_survivability_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnthony_H._CordesmanAram_NerguizianIonut_C._Popescu2008" class="citation book cs1">Anthony H. Cordesman; Aram Nerguizian; Ionut C. Popescu (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PS2MEnlD7TAC"><i>Israel and Syria: The Military Balance and Prospects of War</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. p. 99. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-35520-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-35520-2"><bdi>978-0-313-35520-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140630101948/http://books.google.com/books?id=PS2MEnlD7TAC&source=gbs_navlinks_s">Archived</a> from the original on 30 June 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Israel+and+Syria%3A+The+Military+Balance+and+Prospects+of+War&rft.pages=99&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-313-35520-2&rft.au=Anthony+H.+Cordesman&rft.au=Aram+Nerguizian&rft.au=Ionut+C.+Popescu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPS2MEnlD7TAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMain+battle+tank" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-indirect_fire-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-indirect_fire_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-indirect_fire_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-indirect_fire_35-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-indirect_fire_35-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeville_Brown2009" class="citation book cs1">Neville Brown (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TJrQ1kq9TjEC&q=%22Main+battle+tank%22"><i>The Geography of Human Conflict: Approaches to Survival</i></a>. Sussex Academic Press. p. 254. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84519-169-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84519-169-6"><bdi>978-1-84519-169-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131009034205/http://books.google.com/books?id=TJrQ1kq9TjEC&dq=%22Main+battle+tank%22&source=gbs_navlinks_s">Archived</a> from the original on 9 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Geography+of+Human+Conflict%3A+Approaches+to+Survival&rft.pages=254&rft.pub=Sussex+Academic+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-84519-169-6&rft.au=Neville+Brown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTJrQ1kq9TjEC%26q%3D%2522Main%2Bbattle%2Btank%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMain+battle+tank" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Light_future-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Light_future_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStan_Krasnoff2008" class="citation book cs1">Stan Krasnoff (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=A3U5otuf2hUC&q=%22Main+battle+tank%22"><i>A Claytons Defense</i></a>. Strategic Book Publishing. p. 35. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781606932681" title="Special:BookSources/9781606932681"><bdi>9781606932681</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171013235304/https://books.google.com/books?id=A3U5otuf2hUC&dq=%22Main+battle+tank%22&source=gbs_navlinks_s">Archived</a> from the original on 13 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Claytons+Defense&rft.pages=35&rft.pub=Strategic+Book+Publishing&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9781606932681&rft.au=Stan+Krasnoff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DA3U5otuf2hUC%26q%3D%2522Main%2Bbattle%2Btank%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMain+battle+tank" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-replace-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-replace_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gEG6AAAAIAAJ&q=%22UK's+Challenger+11+were+indispensable+elements+in+the%22"><i>Asia-Pacific Defence Reporter, Volume 30</i></a>. Asia-Pacific Defence Publications. 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171013235310/https://books.google.com/books?id=gEG6AAAAIAAJ&q=%22UK's+Challenger+11+were+indispensable+elements+in+the%22&dq=%22UK's+Challenger+11+were+indispensable+elements+in+the%22&hl=en&ei=GmGXTcXnGsTSgQfRjNmuCA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAA">Archived</a> from the original on 13 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Asia-Pacific+Defence+Reporter%2C+Volume+30&rft.pub=Asia-Pacific+Defence+Publications&rft.date=2004&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgEG6AAAAIAAJ%26q%3D%2522UK%27s%2BChallenger%2B11%2Bwere%2Bindispensable%2Belements%2Bin%2Bthe%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMain+battle+tank" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CFE_treaty_page_3-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CFE_treaty_page_3_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osce.org/library/14087"><i>Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe</i></a>. Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. 1989. p. 3. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130720022431/http://www.osce.org/library/14087">Archived</a> from the original on 20 July 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Treaty+on+Conventional+Armed+Forces+in+Europe&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=Organization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe&rft.date=1989&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.osce.org%2Flibrary%2F14087&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMain+battle+tank" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-armour_1985-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-armour_1985_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStan_WindassPaul_Walker1985" class="citation book cs1">Stan Windass; Paul Walker (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tDnfAAAAMAAJ&q=%22main+battle+tank%22"><i>Avoiding Nuclear War: Common Security as a Strategy for the Defence of the West</i></a>. Brassey's Defence Publishers. p. 38. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780080311753" title="Special:BookSources/9780080311753"><bdi>9780080311753</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140630102219/http://books.google.com/books?id=tDnfAAAAMAAJ&q=%22main+battle+tank%22&dq=%22main+battle+tank%22&hl=en&ei=rPyZTcmxIaTh0gGOlrTlCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCwQ6AEwADiEAg&safe=active">Archived</a> from the original on 30 June 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Avoiding+Nuclear+War%3A+Common+Security+as+a+Strategy+for+the+Defence+of+the+West&rft.pages=38&rft.pub=Brassey%27s+Defence+Publishers&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=9780080311753&rft.au=Stan+Windass&rft.au=Paul+Walker&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtDnfAAAAMAAJ%26q%3D%2522main%2Bbattle%2Btank%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMain+battle+tank" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-leopard_2_mobility-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-leopard_2_mobility_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-leopard_2_mobility_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolmesStrachanBellamy2001" class="citation book cs1">Holmes, Richard; Strachan, Hew; Bellamy, Chris (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ro8YAAAAIAAJ&q=%22main+battle+tank%22"><i>The Oxford Companion to Military History</i></a>. Oxford University Press. pp. 493, 902. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780198662099" title="Special:BookSources/9780198662099"><bdi>9780198662099</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131009034228/http://books.google.com/books?id=ro8YAAAAIAAJ&q=%22main+battle+tank%22&dq=%22main+battle+tank%22&hl=en&ei=MQ6aTYLeIIiL0QHr_-WHDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CEUQ6AEwAziYAg&safe=active">Archived</a> from the original on 9 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+Military+History&rft.pages=493%2C+902&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9780198662099&rft.aulast=Holmes&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.au=Strachan%2C+Hew&rft.au=Bellamy%2C+Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dro8YAAAAIAAJ%26q%3D%2522main%2Bbattle%2Btank%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMain+battle+tank" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://izvestia.ru/news/568891">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Армата" расстреляет снаряды противника из пулемета"</a>. 9 April 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150518102559/http://izvestia.ru/news/568891">Archived</a> from the original on 18 May 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%22+%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82+%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%8B+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%B8%D0%B7+%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0&rft.date=2014-04-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fizvestia.ru%2Fnews%2F568891&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMain+battle+tank" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vpk.name/library/f/armata.html">"Танк Т-14 "Армата" или Т-99 "Приоритет" - Продукция - Библиотека - ВПК.name"</a>. <i>vpk.name</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150510003342/http://vpk.name/library/f/armata.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 May 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=vpk.name&rft.atitle=%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA+%D0%A2-14+%22%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%22+%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%A2-99+%22%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%22+-+%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F+-+%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0+-+%D0%92%D0%9F%D0%9A.name&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvpk.name%2Flibrary%2Ff%2Farmata.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMain+battle+tank" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rg.ru/2015/05/05/armata-site.html">"БМП "Армата" сможет уничтожить вертолеты и беспилотники"</a>. 5 May 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150518082338/http://www.rg.ru/2015/05/05/armata-site.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 May 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%91%D0%9C%D0%9F+%22%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%22+%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%82+%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B+%D0%B8+%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8&rft.date=2015-05-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rg.ru%2F2015%2F05%2F05%2Farmata-site.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMain+battle+tank" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111009083838/http://www.niistali.ru/security/2010-07-05-08-58-15?start=1">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"RPM "Cloak" to protect from exploration and precision weapons"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Nii Stali</i>. niistali.ru. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.niistali.ru/security/2010-07-05-08-58-15?start=1">the original</a> on 9 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nii+Stali&rft.atitle=%22RPM+%22Cloak%22+to+protect+from+exploration+and+precision+weapons%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.niistali.ru%2Fsecurity%2F2010-07-05-08-58-15%3Fstart%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMain+battle+tank" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSean_Rayment2007" class="citation news cs1">Sean Rayment (12 May 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1551418/MoD-kept-failure-of-best-tank-quiet.html">"MoD kept failure of best tank quiet"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Sunday_Telegraph" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunday Telegraph">Sunday Telegraph</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150704200640/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1551418/MoD-kept-failure-of-best-tank-quiet.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 July 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sunday+Telegraph&rft.atitle=MoD+kept+failure+of+best+tank+quiet&rft.date=2007-05-12&rft.au=Sean+Rayment&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuknews%2F1551418%2FMoD-kept-failure-of-best-tank-quiet.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMain+battle+tank" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gun-missile_failure-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gun-missile_failure_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>African armed forces journal</i>. Military Publications Ltd. 1994. p. 10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=African+armed+forces+journal&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=Military+Publications+Ltd.&rft.date=1994&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMain+battle+tank" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-turret_autoloader-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-turret_autoloader_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJeff_Groman1985" class="citation book cs1">Jeff Groman (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=R7y9k9JfYqoC&q=autoloader"><i>Weapons of War</i></a>. Gallery Books. p. 126. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780831793845" title="Special:BookSources/9780831793845"><bdi>9780831793845</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131231221124/http://books.google.com/books?ei=y7NeTdbpAsL3gAeJ773PDQ&ct=result&id=R7y9k9JfYqoC&dq=autoloader+Main+battle+tank&q=autoloader">Archived</a> from the original on 31 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Weapons+of+War&rft.pages=126&rft.pub=Gallery+Books&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=9780831793845&rft.au=Jeff+Groman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DR7y9k9JfYqoC%26q%3Dautoloader&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMain+battle+tank" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-arms_diffusion-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-arms_diffusion_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas_W._Zarzecki2002" class="citation book cs1">Thomas W. Zarzecki (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fhnixhMQqW8C"><i>Arms Diffusion: The Spread of Military Innovations in the International System</i></a>. Psychology Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415935142" title="Special:BookSources/9780415935142"><bdi>9780415935142</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131231221132/http://books.google.com/books?id=fhnixhMQqW8C&source=gbs_navlinks_s">Archived</a> from the original on 31 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arms+Diffusion%3A+The+Spread+of+Military+Innovations+in+the+International+System&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780415935142&rft.au=Thomas+W.+Zarzecki&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfhnixhMQqW8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMain+battle+tank" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MBT-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MBT_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSlyusar2018" class="citation report cs1">Slyusar, Vadym (10–11 October 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330386141">Methodology of identification of the critical requirements for armaments and military equipment</a>. <i>VI International Scientific and Practical Conference "Coordination problems of military technical and devensive industrial policy in Ukraine. Weapons and military equipment development perspectives". Abstracts of reports</i> (Report). Kyiv, Ukraine. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.13140%2FRG.2.2.36335.69281">10.13140/RG.2.2.36335.69281</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Methodology+of+identification+of+the+critical+requirements+for+armaments+and+military+equipment&rft.place=Kyiv%2C+Ukraine&rft.date=2018-10-10%2F2018-10-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.13140%2FRG.2.2.36335.69281&rft.aulast=Slyusar&rft.aufirst=Vadym&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F330386141&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMain+battle+tank" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AI-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AI_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSlyusar2019" class="citation report cs1">Slyusar, Vadym (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334573170">Artificial intelligence as the basis of future control networks</a>. <i>Preprint</i> (Report).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Artificial+intelligence+as+the+basis+of+future+control+networks&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=Slyusar&rft.aufirst=Vadym&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F334573170&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMain+battle+tank" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-economies_of_scale-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-economies_of_scale_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Research_Council_(US)._Committee_on_Adiabatic_Diesel_Technology1987" class="citation book cs1">National Research Council (US). Committee on Adiabatic Diesel Technology (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BWErAAAAYAAJ&q=%22Main+battle+tank%22"><i>A Review of the State of the Art and Projected Technology of Low Heat Rejection Engines: A Report</i></a>. National Academies. p. 108. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170408085450/https://books.google.com/books?id=BWErAAAAYAAJ&dq=%22Main+battle+tank%22&source=gbs_navlinks_s">Archived</a> from the original on 8 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Review+of+the+State+of+the+Art+and+Projected+Technology+of+Low+Heat+Rejection+Engines%3A+A+Report&rft.pages=108&rft.pub=National+Academies&rft.date=1987&rft.au=National+Research+Council+%28US%29.+Committee+on+Adiabatic+Diesel+Technology&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBWErAAAAYAAJ%26q%3D%2522Main%2Bbattle%2Btank%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMain+battle+tank" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-armor:three/two_man_crew-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-armor:three/two_man_crew_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-armor:three/two_man_crew_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFletcher1995" class="citation journal cs1">Fletcher, Robin (May 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.benning.army.mil/armor/eARMOR/content/issues/1995/MAY_JUN/ArmorMayJune1995web.pdf">"The Crewing and Configuration of the Future Main Battle Tank"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Armor_(magazine)" title="Armor (magazine)">Armor</a></i>: 6–8, 42, & 43. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170125195432/http://www.benning.army.mil/armor/eARMOR/content/issues/1995/MAY_JUN/ArmorMayJune1995web.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 25 January 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Armor&rft.atitle=The+Crewing+and+Configuration+of+the+Future+Main+Battle+Tank&rft.pages=6-8%2C+42%2C+%26+43&rft.date=1995-05&rft.aulast=Fletcher&rft.aufirst=Robin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.benning.army.mil%2Farmor%2FeARMOR%2Fcontent%2Fissues%2F1995%2FMAY_JUN%2FArmorMayJune1995web.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMain+battle+tank" class="Z3988"></span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/docs/art3pr1.html">HTML version</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140721230600/http://fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/docs/art3pr1.html">Archived</a> 21 July 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-C-5_logistics-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-C-5_logistics_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChichesterWilkinson1987" class="citation book cs1">Chichester, Michael; Wilkinson, John (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vnHfAAAAMAAJ&q=%22A+main+battle+tank+is%22"><i>British Defence: A Blueprint for Reform</i></a>. Brasseys Defence. p. 126. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780080347455" title="Special:BookSources/9780080347455"><bdi>9780080347455</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131009034207/http://books.google.com/books?id=vnHfAAAAMAAJ&q=%22A+main+battle+tank+is%22&dq=%22A+main+battle+tank+is%22&hl=en&ei=yC-ZTda5Ks650QGv2b3qCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8&ved=0CFoQ6AEwBw">Archived</a> from the original on 9 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+Defence%3A+A+Blueprint+for+Reform&rft.pages=126&rft.pub=Brasseys+Defence&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=9780080347455&rft.aulast=Chichester&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Wilkinson%2C+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvnHfAAAAMAAJ%26q%3D%2522A%2Bmain%2Bbattle%2Btank%2Bis%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMain+battle+tank" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-End_of_military_Fordism-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-End_of_military_Fordism_55-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-End_of_military_Fordism_55-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-End_of_military_Fordism_55-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-End_of_military_Fordism_55-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-End_of_military_Fordism_55-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-End_of_military_Fordism_55-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlbrecht1998" class="citation book cs1">Albrecht, Ulrich (1998). "Chapter 5: The changing structure of the tank industry". In Kaldor, Mary; Albrecht, Ulrich; Schéder, Geneviève (eds.). <i>Restructuring the Global Military Sector: The End of Military Fordism</i>. Continuum International Publishing Group. p. 108. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85567-428-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-85567-428-9"><bdi>1-85567-428-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+5%3A+The+changing+structure+of+the+tank+industry&rft.btitle=Restructuring+the+Global+Military+Sector%3A+The+End+of+Military+Fordism&rft.pages=108&rft.pub=Continuum+International+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=1-85567-428-9&rft.aulast=Albrecht&rft.aufirst=Ulrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMain+battle+tank" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MBT_capability_compared-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MBT_capability_compared_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrian_MacDonald1997" class="citation book cs1">Brian MacDonald (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=F9NEecs7ACIC&q=%22Main+battle+tank%22"><i>Military Spending in Developing Countries: How Much Is Too Much?</i></a>. McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP. p. 136. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88629-314-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-88629-314-6"><bdi>0-88629-314-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140705093738/http://books.google.com/books?id=F9NEecs7ACIC&dq=%22Main+battle+tank%22&source=gbs_navlinks_s">Archived</a> from the original on 5 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Military+Spending+in+Developing+Countries%3A+How+Much+Is+Too+Much%3F&rft.pages=136&rft.pub=McGill-Queen%27s+Press+%E2%80%93+MQUP&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-88629-314-6&rft.au=Brian+MacDonald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DF9NEecs7ACIC%26q%3D%2522Main%2Bbattle%2Btank%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMain+battle+tank" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-truck_logistics-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-truck_logistics_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_Green2008" class="citation book cs1">Michael Green (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bEUduMN4u8gC&q=%22A+main+battle+tank+is%22"><i>War Stories of the Tankers: American armoured Combat, 1918 to Today</i></a>. Zenith Imprint. p. 281. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7603-3297-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7603-3297-9"><bdi>978-0-7603-3297-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171014003005/https://books.google.com/books?id=bEUduMN4u8gC&dq=%22A+main+battle+tank+is%22&source=gbs_navlinks_s">Archived</a> from the original on 14 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=War+Stories+of+the+Tankers%3A+American+armoured+Combat%2C+1918+to+Today&rft.pages=281&rft.pub=Zenith+Imprint&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-7603-3297-9&rft.au=Michael+Green&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbEUduMN4u8gC%26q%3D%2522A%2Bmain%2Bbattle%2Btank%2Bis%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMain+battle+tank" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-external_storage-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-external_storage_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_Miller2000" class="citation book cs1">David Miller (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Es5Pxu8AGqcC&q=%22A+main+battle+tank+is%22"><i>The Illustrated Directory of Tanks of the World</i></a>. Zenith Imprint. p. 384. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7603-0892-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-7603-0892-6"><bdi>0-7603-0892-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Illustrated+Directory+of+Tanks+of+the+World&rft.pages=384&rft.pub=Zenith+Imprint&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-7603-0892-6&rft.au=David+Miller&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEs5Pxu8AGqcC%26q%3D%2522A%2Bmain%2Bbattle%2Btank%2Bis%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMain+battle+tank" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MBT_concentration-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MBT_concentration_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_EshelBill_Sweetman2011" class="citation web cs1">David Eshel; Bill Sweetman (25 April 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aviationweek.com/new-designs-suit-tanks-asymmetric-war">"New Designs Suit Tanks For Asymmetric War"</a>. <i>Aviation Week</i>. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Aviation+Week&rft.atitle=New+Designs+Suit+Tanks+For+Asymmetric+War&rft.date=2011-04-25&rft.au=David+Eshel&rft.au=Bill+Sweetman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faviationweek.com%2Fnew-designs-suit-tanks-asymmetric-war&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMain+battle+tank" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Burden_of_variety-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Burden_of_variety_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CGEJvqjn-1MC&q=%22Main+battle+tank%22"><i>Saudi Arabia Enters the Twenty-first Century: The Military and International Security Dimensions</i></a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. 2003. p. 140. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780275979973" title="Special:BookSources/9780275979973"><bdi>9780275979973</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171014003030/https://books.google.com/books?id=CGEJvqjn-1MC&dq=%22Main+battle+tank%22&source=gbs_navlinks_s">Archived</a> from the original on 14 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Saudi+Arabia+Enters+the+Twenty-first+Century%3A+The+Military+and+International+Security+Dimensions&rft.pages=140&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780275979973&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCGEJvqjn-1MC%26q%3D%2522Main%2Bbattle%2Btank%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMain+battle+tank" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-morale_effect-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-morale_effect_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStanley_Sandler2002" class="citation book cs1">Stanley Sandler (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=L_xxOM85bD8C&q=%22main+battle+tank%22"><i>Ground Warfare: An International Encyclopedia, Volume 1</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. p. 59. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57607-344-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-57607-344-0"><bdi>1-57607-344-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131009034225/http://books.google.com/books?id=L_xxOM85bD8C&dq=%22main+battle+tank%22&source=gbs_navlinks_s">Archived</a> from the original on 9 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ground+Warfare%3A+An+International+Encyclopedia%2C+Volume+1&rft.pages=59&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1-57607-344-0&rft.au=Stanley+Sandler&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DL_xxOM85bD8C%26q%3D%2522main%2Bbattle%2Btank%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMain+battle+tank" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-commercial_manufacture-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-commercial_manufacture_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States._Congress._House._Committee_on_Appropriations1990" class="citation book cs1">United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PJEcAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Main+battle+tank+is+a%22"><i>Department of Defense Appropriations for 1991, Part 6</i></a>. U. S. Govt. Print. Off. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171014003651/https://books.google.com/books?id=PJEcAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Main+battle+tank+is+a%22&dq=%22Main+battle+tank+is+a%22&hl=en&ei=JleZTbryL6Oy0QGe1sWBDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CE4Q6AEwBjgK">Archived</a> from the original on 14 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Department+of+Defense+Appropriations+for+1991%2C+Part+6&rft.pub=U.+S.+Govt.+Print.+Off.&rft.date=1990&rft.au=United+States.+Congress.+House.+Committee+on+Appropriations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPJEcAAAAMAAJ%26q%3D%2522Main%2Bbattle%2Btank%2Bis%2Ba%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMain+battle+tank" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><br /> </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOgorkiewicz2018" class="citation book cs1">Ogorkiewicz, Richard (2018). <i>Tanks: 100 Years of Evolution</i>. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781472829818" title="Special:BookSources/9781472829818"><bdi>9781472829818</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tanks%3A+100+Years+of+Evolution&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=9781472829818&rft.aulast=Ogorkiewicz&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMain+battle+tank" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Main_battle_tank&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Main_battle_tanks" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Main battle tanks">Main battle tanks</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tanks_of_the_First_World_War" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:WWI_tanks" title="Template:WWI tanks"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:WWI_tanks" title="Template talk:WWI tanks"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:WWI_tanks" title="Special:EditPage/Template:WWI tanks"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tanks_of_the_First_World_War" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tank" title="Tank">Tanks</a> of the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Light_tank" title="Light tank">Light</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M1918_Ford_3-ton_tank" title="M1918 Ford 3-ton tank">M1918 Ford 3-ton tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M1917_light_tank" title="M1917 light tank">M1917 light tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renault_FT" title="Renault FT">Renault FT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Medium_tank" title="Medium tank">Medium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medium_Mark_A_Whippet" title="Medium Mark A Whippet">Medium Mark A Whippet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medium_Mark_B" title="Medium Mark B">Medium Mark B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medium_Mark_C" title="Medium Mark C">Medium Mark C</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Heavy_tank" title="Heavy tank">Heavy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A7V" title="A7V">A7V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_heavy_tanks_of_World_War_I#Mark_I" class="mw-redirect" title="British heavy tanks of World War I">Mark I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_heavy_tanks_of_World_War_I#Mark_II" class="mw-redirect" title="British heavy tanks of World War I">Mark II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_heavy_tanks_of_World_War_I#Mark_III" class="mw-redirect" title="British heavy tanks of World War I">Mark III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_IV_tank" title="Mark IV tank">Mark IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_V_tank" title="Mark V tank">Mark V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_V_tank#Mark_V*" title="Mark V tank">Mark V*</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_V_tank#Mark_V**" title="Mark V tank">Mark V**</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_VIII_tank" title="Mark VIII tank">Mark VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Chamond_(tank)" title="Saint-Chamond (tank)">Saint-Chamond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schneider_CA1" title="Schneider CA1">Schneider CA1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Prototype" title="Prototype">Prototypes</a>,<br />experimentals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CLB_75_Tank" class="mw-redirect" title="CLB 75 Tank">CLB 75 Tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FCM_1A" title="FCM 1A">FCM 1A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiat_2000" title="Fiat 2000">Fiat 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holt_gas%E2%80%93electric_tank" title="Holt gas–electric tank">Holt gas–electric tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Willie" title="Little Willie">Little Willie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LK_I" title="LK I">LK I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LK_II" title="LK II">LK II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_heavy_tanks_of_World_War_I#Mark_VII" class="mw-redirect" title="British heavy tanks of World War I">Mark VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skeleton_tank" title="Skeleton tank">Skeleton tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steam_tank" title="Steam tank">Steam tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steam_Wheel_Tank" title="Steam Wheel Tank">Steam Wheel Tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sturmpanzerwagen_Oberschlesien" title="Sturmpanzerwagen Oberschlesien">Sturmpanzerwagen Oberschlesien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsar_Tank" title="Tsar Tank">Tsar Tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vezdekhod" title="Vezdekhod">Vezdekhod</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:World_War_I_tanks" title="Category:World War I tanks">World War I tanks</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_combat_vehicles_of_World_War_I" title="List of combat vehicles of World War I">List of combat vehicles of World War I</a></li></ul> <p>Background: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_tank" title="History of the tank">History of the tank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tank_classification" title="Tank classification">Tank classification</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tanks_in_World_War_I" title="Tanks in World War I">Tanks in World War I</a> </p> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tanks_of_the_interwar_period" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Interwar_tanks" title="Template:Interwar tanks"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Interwar_tanks" title="Template talk:Interwar tanks"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Interwar_tanks" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Interwar tanks"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tanks_of_the_interwar_period" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tanks_of_the_interwar_period" title="Tanks of the interwar period">Tanks of the interwar period</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Tankette" title="Tankette">Tankettes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AH-IV" title="AH-IV">AH-IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carden_Loyd_tankette" title="Carden Loyd tankette">Carden Loyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L3/33" title="L3/33">L3/33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L3/35" title="L3/35">L3/35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-1_tank" title="R-1 tank">R-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-27" title="T-27">T-27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-32_(%C5%A0-I-D)" title="T-32 (Š-I-D)">T-32 (Š-I-D)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tan%C4%8D%C3%ADk_vz._33" title="Tančík vz. 33">Tančík vz. 33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TKS" title="TKS">TKS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_92_heavy_armoured_car" title="Type 92 heavy armoured car">Type 92</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_94_tankette" title="Type 94 tankette">Type 94</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_97_Te-Ke_tankette" title="Type 97 Te-Ke tankette">Type 97 Te-Ke</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Light_tank" title="Light tank">Light</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/7TP" title="7TP">7TP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/38M_Toldi" title="38M Toldi">38M Toldi I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Char_D1" title="Char D1">Char D1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disston_Tractor_Tank" title="Disston Tractor Tank">Disston Tractor Tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiat_3000" title="Fiat 3000">Fiat 3000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotchkiss_H35" title="Hotchkiss H35">H35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landsverk_L-60" title="Landsverk L-60">L-60</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_tanks_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Light tanks of the United Kingdom">Light tanks Mk I–V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_Tank_Mk_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="Light Tank Mk VI">Light tank Mk VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_Tank_Mk_VII_Tetrarch" class="mw-redirect" title="Light Tank Mk VII Tetrarch">Light tank Mk VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LT_vz._34" title="LT vz. 34">LT vz. 34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panzer_35(t)" title="Panzer 35(t)">LT vz. 35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panzer_38(t)" title="Panzer 38(t)">LT vz. 38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M1_combat_car" title="M1 combat car">M1 combat car</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M2_light_tank" title="M2 light tank">M2 light tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panzer_I" title="Panzer I">Panzer I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panzer_II" title="Panzer II">Panzer II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renault_R35" title="Renault R35">R35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-18_tank" title="T-18 tank">T-18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-26" title="T-26">T-26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-37A_tank" title="T-37A tank">T-37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-38_tank" title="T-38 tank">T-38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_95_Ha-Go_light_tank" title="Type 95 Ha-Go light tank">Type 95 Ha-Go</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vickers_6-ton" title="Vickers 6-ton">Vickers 6-ton</a></li> <li><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Vickers-Carden-Loyd_light_amphibious_tank" title="Vickers-Carden-Loyd light amphibious tank">Vickers-Carden-Loyd light amphibious tank</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vickers_T-15_light_tank" title="Vickers T-15 light tank">Vickers T-15</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Medium_tank" title="Medium tank">Medium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Char_D2" title="Char D2">Char D2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-24_tank" title="T-24 tank">T-24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-28_(medium_tank)" title="T-28 (medium tank)">T-28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_89_I-Go_medium_tank" title="Type 89 I-Go medium tank">Type 89 I-Go</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_97_Chi-Ha_medium_tank" title="Type 97 Chi-Ha medium tank">Type 97 Chi-Ha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vickers_Medium_Mark_I" title="Vickers Medium Mark I">Vickers medium Mk I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vickers_Medium_Mark_II" title="Vickers Medium Mark II">Vickers medium Mk II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Cavalry, <a href="/wiki/Cruiser_tank" title="Cruiser tank">cruiser</a>, fast</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AMC_34" title="AMC 34">AMC 34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMC_35" title="AMC 35">AMC 35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMR_33" title="AMR 33">AMR 33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMR_35" title="AMR 35">AMR 35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BT_tank" title="BT tank">BT tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruiser_Mk_I" title="Cruiser Mk I">Cruiser Mk I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruiser_Mk_II" title="Cruiser Mk II">Cruiser Mk II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruiser_Mk_III" title="Cruiser Mk III">Cruiser Mk III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOMUA_S35" title="SOMUA S35">SOMUA S35</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Infantry_tank" title="Infantry tank">Infantry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FCM_36" title="FCM 36">FCM 36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotchkiss_H35" title="Hotchkiss H35">Hotchkiss H35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matilda_I_(tank)" title="Matilda I (tank)">Matilda I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-26" title="T-26">T-26</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Heavy_tank" title="Heavy tank">Heavy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Super-heavy_tank" title="Super-heavy tank">super-heavy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Char_2C" title="Char 2C">Char 2C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Char_B1" title="Char B1">Char B1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-35" title="T-35">T-35</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Prototype" title="Prototype">Prototypes</a>,<br />experimentals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/10TP" title="10TP">10TP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FCM_F1" title="FCM F1">FCM F1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grosstraktor" title="Grosstraktor">Grosstraktor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolohousenka" title="Kolohousenka">Kolohousenka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landsverk_L-120" title="Landsverk L-120">Landsverk L-120</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leichttraktor" title="Leichttraktor">Leichttraktor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medium_Mark_III" title="Medium Mark III">Medium Mark III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medium_Mark_D" title="Medium Mark D">Medium Mark D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A7_Medium_Tank" class="mw-redirect" title="A7 Medium Tank">Medium tank A7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morris-Martel" title="Morris-Martel">Morris-Martel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neubaufahrzeug" title="Neubaufahrzeug">Neubaufahrzeug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PZIn%C5%BC_130" title="PZInż 130">PZInż 130</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0koda_MU-4" title="Škoda MU-4">Škoda MU-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SMK_tank" title="SMK tank">SMK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straussler_V-4" title="Straussler V-4">Straussler V-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landsverk_L-10" title="Landsverk L-10">Stridsvagn m/31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ST_vz._39" title="ST vz. 39">ST vz. 39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T1_light_tank" title="T1 light tank">T1 light tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T2_tank" title="T2 tank">T2 medium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T7_combat_car" title="T7 combat car">T7 combat car</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-19" title="T-19">T-19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-42_super-heavy_tank" title="T-42 super-heavy tank">T-42</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-100_tank" title="T-100 tank">T-100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_87_Chi-I_medium_tank" title="Type 87 Chi-I medium tank">Type 87 Chi-I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_91_heavy_tank" class="mw-redirect" title="Type 91 heavy tank">Type 91 heavy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_95_heavy_tank" title="Type 95 heavy tank">Type 95 heavy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_97_Chi-Ni_medium_tank" title="Type 97 Chi-Ni medium tank">Type 97 Chi-Ni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_98_Chi-Ho_medium_tank" title="Type 98 Chi-Ho medium tank">Type 98 Chi-Ho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verdeja" title="Verdeja">Verdeja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vickers_A1E1_Independent" title="Vickers A1E1 Independent">Vickers A1E1 Independent</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Tanks_of_the_interwar_period" title="Category:Tanks of the interwar period">Interwar period tanks</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_interwar_armoured_fighting_vehicles" title="List of interwar armoured fighting vehicles">List of interwar armoured fighting vehicles</a></li></ul> <p>Background: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_tank" title="History of the tank">History of the tank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tank_classification" title="Tank classification">Tank classification</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interwar_period" title="Interwar period">interwar period</a> </p> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tanks_of_the_Second_World_War" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:WWII_tanks" title="Template:WWII tanks"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:WWII_tanks" title="Template talk:WWII tanks"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:WWII_tanks" title="Special:EditPage/Template:WWII tanks"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tanks_of_the_Second_World_War" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tanks_in_World_War_II" title="Tanks in World War II">Tanks of the Second World War</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Light_tank" title="Light tank">Light</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/38M_Toldi" title="38M Toldi">Toldi tanks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KhTZ-16" title="KhTZ-16">KhTZ-16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L6/40_tank" title="L6/40 tank">L6/40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_tank_Mk_VIII" title="Light tank Mk VIII">Light tank Mk VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M3_Stuart" title="M3 Stuart">M3/M5 Stuart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M22_Locust" title="M22 Locust">M22 Locust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M24_Chaffee" title="M24 Chaffee">M24 Chaffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marmon-Herrington_CTLS" class="mw-redirect" title="Marmon-Herrington CTLS">Marmon-Herrington CTLS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renault_R40" title="Renault R40">Renault R40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NI_tank" title="NI tank">NI tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-26" title="T-26">T-26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-40_tank" title="T-40 tank">T-40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-60_tank" title="T-60 tank">T-60</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-70" title="T-70">T-70</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_Tank_Mk_VII_Tetrarch" class="mw-redirect" title="Light Tank Mk VII Tetrarch">Tetrarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panzer_I" title="Panzer I">Panzer I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panzer_II" title="Panzer II">Panzer II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panzer_35(t)" title="Panzer 35(t)">Panzer 35(t)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_98_Ke-Ni_light_tank" title="Type 98 Ke-Ni light tank">Type 98 Ke-Ni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_2_Ke-To_light_tank" title="Type 2 Ke-To light tank">Type 2 Ke-To</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_2_Ka-Mi" title="Type 2 Ka-Mi">Type 2 Ka-Mi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_4_Ke-Nu_light_tank" title="Type 4 Ke-Nu light tank">Type 4 Ke-Nu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Medium_tank" title="Medium tank">Medium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/40M_Tur%C3%A1n" title="40M Turán">Turán I and II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/43M_Tur%C3%A1n_III" title="43M Turán III">43M Turán III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M11/39_tank" title="M11/39 tank">M11/39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M13/40_tank" title="M13/40 tank">M13/40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M14/41_tank" title="M14/41 tank">M14/41</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M15/42_tank" title="M15/42 tank">M15/42</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M2_medium_tank" title="M2 medium tank">M2 medium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M3_Lee" title="M3 Lee">M3 Lee/Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M4_Sherman" title="M4 Sherman">M4 Sherman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sherman_Firefly" title="Sherman Firefly">Sherman Firefly</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M26_Pershing" title="M26 Pershing">M26 Pershing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P26/40_tank" title="P26/40 tank">P26/40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panzer_III" title="Panzer III">Panzer III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panzer_IV" title="Panzer IV">Panzer IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panther_tank" title="Panther tank">Panzer V Panther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stridsvagn_m/41" title="Stridsvagn m/41">Stridsvagn m/41</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stridsvagn_m/42" title="Stridsvagn m/42">Stridsvagn m/42</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-34" title="T-34">T-34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-44" title="T-44">T-44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_97_ShinH%C5%8Dt%C5%8D_Chi-Ha_medium_tank" title="Type 97 ShinHōtō Chi-Ha medium tank">Type 97 ShinHōtō Chi-Ha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_1_Chi-He_medium_tank" title="Type 1 Chi-He medium tank">Type 1 Chi-He</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_3_Ka-Chi" title="Type 3 Ka-Chi">Type 3 Ka-Chi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_3_Chi-Nu_medium_tank" title="Type 3 Chi-Nu medium tank">Type 3 Chi-Nu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Cruiser_tank" title="Cruiser tank">Cruiser</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sentinel_tank" title="Sentinel tank">AC1 Sentinel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruiser_Mk_IV" title="Cruiser Mk IV">Cruiser Mk IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covenanter_tank" title="Covenanter tank">Covenanter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusader_tank" title="Crusader tank">Crusader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavalier_tank" title="Cavalier tank">Cavalier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cromwell_tank" title="Cromwell tank">Cromwell (and Centaur)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruiser_Mk_VIII_Challenger" title="Cruiser Mk VIII Challenger">Mk VIII Challenger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_(tank)" title="Comet (tank)">Comet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grizzly_I_cruiser" title="Grizzly I cruiser">Grizzly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_tank" title="Ram tank">Ram</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Infantry_tank" title="Infantry tank">Infantry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Churchill_tank" title="Churchill tank">Churchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matilda_II" title="Matilda II">Matilda II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valentine_tank" title="Valentine tank">Valentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-50_tank" title="T-50 tank">T-50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_2_Ho-I" title="Type 2 Ho-I">Type 2 Ho-I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Heavy_tank" title="Heavy tank">Heavy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IS_tank_family" title="IS tank family">IS tank</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IS_tank_family" title="IS tank family">IS-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IS-2" title="IS-2">IS-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IS-3" title="IS-3">IS-3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kliment_Voroshilov_tank" title="Kliment Voroshilov tank">KV tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiger_I" title="Tiger I">Tiger I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiger_II" title="Tiger II">Tiger II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Prototype" title="Prototype">Prototypes</a>,<br />experimentals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/44M_Tas" title="44M Tas">44M Tas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thunderbolt_tank" title="Thunderbolt tank">AC3 Thunderbolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AC4_tank" title="AC4 tank">AC4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_experimental_light_tank" title="Australian experimental light tank">AELT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMX_40_cruiser_tank" title="AMX 40 cruiser tank">AMX 40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Prince_(tank)" title="Black Prince (tank)">Black Prince</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Semple_tank" title="Bob Semple tank">Bob Semple tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excelsior_tank" title="Excelsior tank">Excelsior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M6_heavy_tank" title="M6 heavy tank">M6 heavy tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M7_medium_tank" title="M7 medium tank">M7 medium tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahuel_DL_43" title="Nahuel DL 43">Nahuel DL 43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O-I_super-heavy_tank" title="O-I super-heavy tank">O-I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panzer_VIII_Maus" title="Panzer VIII Maus">Panzer VIII Maus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panzerkampfwagen_E-100" title="Panzerkampfwagen E-100">Panzerkampfwagen E-100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PPG_tankette" title="PPG tankette">PPG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carro_Armato_Celere_Sahariano" title="Carro Armato Celere Sahariano">Sahariano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schofield_tank" title="Schofield tank">Schofield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_number_3_light_tank_Ku-Ro" title="Special number 3 light tank Ku-Ro">Special number 3 Ku-Ro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T14_heavy_tank" title="T14 heavy tank">T14 heavy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T20_medium_tank" title="T20 medium tank">T20 medium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T28_super-heavy_tank" title="T28 super-heavy tank">T28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T29_heavy_tank" title="T29 heavy tank">T29 heavy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T30_heavy_tank" title="T30 heavy tank">T30 heavy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T32_heavy_tank" title="T32 heavy tank">T32 heavy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T34_heavy_tank" title="T34 heavy tank">T34 heavy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-43_medium_tank" title="T-43 medium tank">T-43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TOG1" title="TOG1">TOG1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TOG2" title="TOG2">TOG2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_98_Chi-Ho_medium_tank" title="Type 98 Chi-Ho medium tank">Type 98 Chi-Ho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_4_Chi-To_medium_tank" title="Type 4 Chi-To medium tank">Type 4 Chi-To</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_5_Chi-Ri_medium_tank" title="Type 5 Chi-Ri medium tank">Type 5 Chi-Ri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_5_Ke-Ho_light_tank" title="Type 5 Ke-Ho light tank">Type 5 Ke-Ho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_5_To-Ku" title="Type 5 To-Ku">Type 5 To-Ku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valiant_tank" title="Valiant tank">Valiant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verdeja" title="Verdeja">Verdeja</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:World_War_II_tanks" title="Category:World War II tanks">World War II tanks</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_armoured_fighting_vehicles_of_World_War_II" title="List of armoured fighting vehicles of World War II">List of armoured fighting vehicles of World War II</a></li> <li>Background: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_tank" title="History of the tank">History of the tank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tank_classification" title="Tank classification">Tank classification</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tanks_of_the_Cold_War" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cold_War_tanks" title="Template:Cold War tanks"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cold_War_tanks" title="Template talk:Cold War tanks"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cold_War_tanks" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cold War tanks"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tanks_of_the_Cold_War" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tank" title="Tank">Tanks</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Main battle</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AMX-30" title="AMX-30">AMX-30</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AMX-30E" title="AMX-30E">AMX-30E</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centurion_(tank)" title="Centurion (tank)">Centurion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sho%27t" title="Sho't">Sho't</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Challenger_1" title="Challenger 1">Challenger 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chieftain_(tank)" title="Chieftain (tank)">Chieftain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chonma-ho" title="Chonma-ho">Chonma-ho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CM-11_Brave_Tiger" title="CM-11 Brave Tiger">CM-11 Brave Tiger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K1_88-Tank" class="mw-redirect" title="K1 88-Tank">K1 88</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopard_1" title="Leopard 1">Leopard 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopard_2" title="Leopard 2">Leopard 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M1_Abrams" title="M1 Abrams">M1 Abrams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M48_Patton" title="M48 Patton">M48 Patton</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CM-12_tank" title="CM-12 tank">CM-12</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M60_tank" title="M60 tank">M60 tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magach" title="Magach">Magach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merkava" title="Merkava">Merkava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OF-40" title="OF-40">OF-40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panzer_68" title="Panzer 68">Panzer 68</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stridsvagn_103" title="Stridsvagn 103">Stridsvagn 103</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-54/T-55" title="T-54/T-55">T-55</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-62" title="T-62">T-62</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-64" title="T-64">T-64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-72" title="T-72">T-72</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M-84" title="M-84">M-84</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lion_of_Babylon_(tank)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lion of Babylon (tank)">Lion of Babylon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-80" title="T-80">T-80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TR-85" title="TR-85">TR-85</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_59_tank" title="Type 59 tank">Type 59</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_61_(tank)" title="Type 61 (tank)">Type 61</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_69_tank" title="Type 69 tank">Type 69/79</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_74" title="Type 74">Type 74</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_80/88_main_battle_tank" title="Type 80/88 main battle tank">Type 80/85/88</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_90_tank" title="Type 90 tank">Type 90</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vickers_MBT" title="Vickers MBT">Vickers MBT Mk 1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vijayanta" title="Vijayanta">Vijayanta</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vickers_MBT_Mark_3" title="Vickers MBT Mark 3">Vickers MBT Mk 3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Light_tank" title="Light tank">Light</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AMX-13" title="AMX-13">AMX-13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Survivability_Test_Vehicle_(Lightweight)" title="High Survivability Test Vehicle (Lightweight)">HSTV(L)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M41_Walker_Bulldog" title="M41 Walker Bulldog">M41 Walker Bulldog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M551_Sheridan" title="M551 Sheridan">M551 Sheridan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PT-76" title="PT-76">PT-76</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model_1981_%22Shin%27heung%22" title="Model 1981 "Shin'heung"">PT-85</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SK-105_K%C3%BCrassier" title="SK-105 Kürassier">SK-105 Kürassier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stingray_light_tank" title="Stingray light tank">Stingray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_62" class="mw-redirect" title="Type 62">Type 62</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_63_(tank)" title="Type 63 (tank)">Type 63</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_64_(tank)" title="Type 64 (tank)">Type 64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M3_Stuart#Brazilian_variants" title="M3 Stuart">X1A</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Medium_tank" title="Medium tank">Medium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charioteer_(tank)" title="Charioteer (tank)">Charioteer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M46_Patton" title="M46 Patton">M46 Patton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M47_Patton" title="M47 Patton">M47 Patton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panzer_58" title="Panzer 58">Panzer 58</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panzer_61" title="Panzer 61">Panzer 61</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stridsvagn_74" title="Stridsvagn 74">Stridsvagn 74</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Sherman" title="Super Sherman">Super Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanque_Argentino_Mediano" title="Tanque Argentino Mediano">TAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-54/T-55" title="T-54/T-55">T-54</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Heavy_tank" title="Heavy tank">Heavy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ARL_44" title="ARL 44">ARL 44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conqueror_(tank)" title="Conqueror (tank)">Conqueror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IS-4" title="IS-4">IS-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M103_(heavy_tank)" class="mw-redirect" title="M103 (heavy tank)">M103</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-10_tank" title="T-10 tank">T-10</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Prototype" title="Prototype">Prototypes</a>,<br />experimentals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AMX-32" title="AMX-32">AMX-32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMX-40" title="AMX-40">AMX-40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMX-50" title="AMX-50">AMX-50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batignolles-Chatillon_Char_25T" title="Batignolles-Chatillon Char 25T">Char 25T</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EE-T1_Os%C3%B3rio" title="EE-T1 Osório">EE-T1 Osório</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_(tank)" title="Emil (tank)">Emil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expeditionary_Tank" title="Expeditionary Tank">Expeditionary Tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSTV(L)" class="mw-redirect" title="HSTV(L)">HSTV(L)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IS-7" title="IS-7">IS-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorraine_40t" title="Lorraine 40t">Lorraine 40t</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M8_armored_gun_system" title="M8 armored gun system">M8 armored gun system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernardini_MB-3_Tamoyo" title="Bernardini MB-3 Tamoyo">MB-3 Tamoyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MBT-70" title="MBT-70">MBT-70</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MBT-80" title="MBT-80">MBT-80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obiekt_187" title="Obiekt 187">Object 187</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obiekt_279" title="Obiekt 279">Object 279</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obiekt_292" title="Obiekt 292">Object 292</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obiekt_490A" title="Obiekt 490A">Object 490A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obiekt_770" title="Obiekt 770">Object 770</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obiekt_785" title="Obiekt 785">Object 785</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A4hpanzer_Ru_251" title="Spähpanzer Ru 251">Spähpanzer Ru 251</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A4hpanzer_SP_I.C." title="Spähpanzer SP I.C.">Spähpanzer SP I.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T92_light_tank" title="T92 light tank">T92 light tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T95_medium_tank" title="T95 medium tank">T95 medium tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TR-125" title="TR-125">TR-125</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vickers_MBT_Mark_4" title="Vickers MBT Mark 4">Vickers MBT Mk 4 Valiant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vickers_MBT#Vickers_Main_Battle_Tank_Mark_7" title="Vickers MBT">Vickers MBT Mk 7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WZ-111_heavy_tank" title="WZ-111 heavy tank">WZ-111 heavy tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WZ-132_light_tank" title="WZ-132 light tank">WZ-132 light tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WZ-122_main_battle_tank" title="WZ-122 main battle tank">WZ-122</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Tanks_of_the_Cold_War" title="Category:Tanks of the Cold War">Cold War tanks</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_modern_armoured_fighting_vehicles" title="List of modern armoured fighting vehicles">List of modern armoured fighting vehicles</a></li></ul> <p>Background: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_tank" title="History of the tank">History of the tank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tank_classification" title="Tank classification">Tank classification</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tanks_in_the_Cold_War" title="Tanks in the Cold War">Tanks in the Cold War</a> </p> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tanks_of_the_post–Cold_War_era" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Post%E2%80%93Cold_War_tanks" title="Template:Post–Cold War tanks"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Post%E2%80%93Cold_War_tanks" title="Template talk:Post–Cold War tanks"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Post%E2%80%93Cold_War_tanks" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Post–Cold War tanks"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tanks_of_the_post–Cold_War_era" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tanks_of_the_post%E2%80%93Cold_War_era" title="Tanks of the post–Cold War era">Tanks of the post–Cold War era</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Main battle</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Khalid_tank" title="Al-Khalid tank">Al-Khalid tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Zarrar_tank" title="Al-Zarrar tank">Al-Zarrar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariete" title="Ariete">Ariete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arjun_(tank)" title="Arjun (tank)">Arjun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Challenger_2" title="Challenger 2">Challenger 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_59_Durjoy" title="Type 59 Durjoy">Durjoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K2_Black_Panther" title="K2 Black Panther">K2 Black Panther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karrar_(tank)" title="Karrar (tank)">Karrar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leclerc_tank" title="Leclerc tank">Leclerc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopard_2" title="Leopard 2">Leopard 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopard_2E" title="Leopard 2E">Leopard 2E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopard_2PL" title="Leopard 2PL">Leopard 2PL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M1_Abrams" title="M1 Abrams">M1 Abrams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merkava#Merkava_Mark_IV" title="Merkava">Merkava IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pokpung-ho" title="Pokpung-ho">Pokpung-ho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PT-91_Twardy" title="PT-91 Twardy">PT-91 Twardy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramses_II_tank" title="Ramses II tank">Ramses II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabra_(tank)" title="Sabra (tank)">Sabra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stridsvagn_122" title="Stridsvagn 122">Stridsvagn 122</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-72M4CZ" title="T-72M4CZ">T-72M4CZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-84" title="T-84">T-84</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-90" title="T-90">T-90</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_10" title="Type 10">Type 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_72Z" title="Type 72Z">Type 72Z</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_96_tank" title="Type 96 tank">Type 96</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_99_tank" title="Type 99 tank">Type 99</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VT-4" title="VT-4">VT-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zulfiqar_(tank)" title="Zulfiqar (tank)">Zulfiqar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Light_tank" title="Light tank">Light</a> / <a href="/wiki/Medium_tank" title="Medium tank">medium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sabrah_light_tank" title="Sabrah light tank">Sabrah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabre_(tank)" title="Sabre (tank)">Sabre CVRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2S25_Sprut-SD" title="2S25 Sprut-SD">2S25 Sprut-SD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tosan_tank" title="Tosan tank">Tosan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_15_tank" title="Type 15 tank">Type 15 / VT-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_63A" class="mw-redirect" title="Type 63A">Type 63A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_05_amphibious_fighting_vehicle#Variants" title="Type 05 amphibious fighting vehicle">ZTD-05 / ZLT-05</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Prototypes" class="mw-redirect" title="Prototypes">Prototypes</a>,<br />experimentals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M1_Abrams#Variants_and_upgrades" title="M1 Abrams">AbramsX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altay_(tank)" title="Altay (tank)">Altay</a></li> <li><span style="background-color: Cornsilk;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Black_Eagle_(tank)" title="Black Eagle (tank)">Black Eagle</a></span><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>X</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Challenger_3" title="Challenger 3">Challenger 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_Vehicle_90" title="Combat Vehicle 90">CV90105 / CV90120</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaplan_MT_/_Harimau" title="Kaplan MT / Harimau">Kaplan MT / Harimau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K21" title="K21">K21-105</a></li> <li><span style="background-color: Cornsilk;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/M8_armored_gun_system" title="M8 armored gun system">M8 armored gun system</a></span><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>X</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M10_Booker" title="M10 Booker">M10 Booker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M2020_tank" class="mw-redirect" title="M2020 tank">M2020</a></li> <li><span style="background-color: Cornsilk;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/M60-2000" title="M60-2000">M60-2000</a></span><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>X</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M-84AS" title="M-84AS">M-84AS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M-84AS1" title="M-84AS1">M-84AS1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M-84D" title="M-84D">M-84D</a></li> <li><span style="background-color: Cornsilk;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/M-95_Degman" title="M-95 Degman">M-95 Degman</a></span><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>X</sup></span></li> <li><span style="background-color: Cornsilk;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Main_Ground_Combat_System" title="Main Ground Combat System">Main Ground Combat System</a></span><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>X</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marder_(infantry_fighting_vehicle)#Derivative_models" title="Marder (infantry fighting vehicle)">Marder medium tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panther_KF51" title="Panther KF51">Panther KF51</a></li> <li><span style="background-color: Cornsilk;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Patag%C3%B3n" title="Patagón">Patagón</a></span><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>X</sup></span></li> <li><span style="background-color: Cornsilk;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/PL-01" title="PL-01">PL-01</a></span><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>X</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiam_(tank)" title="Tiam (tank)">Tiam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-14_Armata" title="T-14 Armata">T-14 Armata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-55AGM" title="T-55AGM">T-55AGM</a></li> <li><span style="background-color: Cornsilk;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/T-95" title="T-95">T-95</a></span><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>X</sup></span></li> <li><span style="background-color: Cornsilk;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Tank_EX" title="Tank EX">Tank EX</a></span><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>X</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zorawar_LT" title="Zorawar LT">Zorawar LT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <dl><dd><span style="background-color: Cornsilk;color:black;">Cancelled or derelict project</span><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>X</sup></span></dd></dl> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Tanks_of_the_post%E2%80%93Cold_War_period" title="Category:Tanks of the post–Cold War period">Post–Cold War tanks</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_modern_armoured_fighting_vehicles" title="List of modern armoured fighting vehicles">List of modern armoured fighting vehicles</a></li></ul> <p>Background: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_tank" title="History of the tank">History of the tank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tank_classification" title="Tank classification">Tank classification</a> </p> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q920182#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4192994-9">Germany</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Main_battle_tank&oldid=1251666896">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Main_battle_tank&oldid=1251666896</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Main_battle_tanks" title="Category:Main battle tanks">Main battle tanks</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tanks_by_type" title="Category:Tanks by type">Tanks by type</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_October_2023" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from October 2023">Articles with unsourced statements from October 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_incomplete_citations" title="Category:All articles with incomplete citations">All articles with incomplete citations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_incomplete_citations_from_October_2023" title="Category:Articles with incomplete citations from October 2023">Articles with incomplete citations from October 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_April_2023" title="Category:Use dmy dates from April 2023">Use dmy dates from April 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_September_2017" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from September 2017">Articles needing additional references from September 2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_October_2023" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from October 2023">Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from October 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_clarification_from_August_2018" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing clarification from August 2018">Wikipedia articles needing clarification from August 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_December_2020" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from December 2020">Articles with unsourced statements from December 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_div_col_with_small_parameter" title="Category:Pages using div col with small parameter">Pages using div col with small parameter</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_January_2023" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from January 2023">Articles with unsourced statements from January 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_to_be_expanded_from_March_2021" title="Category:Articles to be expanded from March 2021">Articles to be expanded from March 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_to_be_expanded" title="Category:All articles to be expanded">All articles to be expanded</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_to_be_expanded_from_April_2011" title="Category:Articles to be expanded from April 2011">Articles to be expanded from April 2011</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 17 October 2024, at 11:03<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Main_battle_tank&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-lnrz6","wgBackendResponseTime":154,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.200","walltime":"1.456","ppvisitednodes":{"value":7288,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":235331,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":8693,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":17,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":264732,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1173.263 1 -total"," 38.36% 450.092 2 Template:Reflist"," 22.06% 258.825 34 Template:Cite_book"," 15.59% 182.915 6 Template:Military_navigation"," 9.37% 109.947 1 Template:History_of_the_tank"," 7.47% 87.685 9 Template:Fix"," 6.31% 74.077 1 Template:Short_description"," 5.04% 59.173 3 Template:Ambox"," 4.20% 49.234 1 Template:Post–Cold_War_tanks"," 4.09% 47.934 1 Template:Unreferenced_section"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.634","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":9608884,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-h78vk","timestamp":"20241122144112","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Main battle tank","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Main_battle_tank","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q920182","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q920182","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2010-03-17T22:25:22Z","dateModified":"2024-10-17T11:03:22Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/2\/24\/Leopard_2_A5_der_Bundeswehr.jpg","headline":"tank designed to conduct primary combat missions on the battlefield"}</script> </body> </html>