CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: relaxation time approximation</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: relaxation time approximation"> <meta name="keywords" content="relaxation time approximation"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="relaxation time approximation" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/committees" rel="nofollow">Committees</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdownPublications" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Publications </a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdownPublications"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/page/support" title="Support">Support</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <main> <div class="container mt-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9 mx-auto"> <form method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="relaxation time approximation"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 6903</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: relaxation time approximation</h1> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6903</span> Sensitivity Computations of Time Relaxation Model with an Application in Cavity Computation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Monika%20Neda">Monika Neda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Elena%20Nikonova"> Elena Nikonova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>We present a numerical study of the sensitivity of the so called time relaxation family of models of fluid motion with respect to the time relaxation parameter χ on the two dimensional cavity problem. The goal of the study is to compute and compare the sensitivity of the model using finite difference method (FFD) and sensitivity equation method (SEM).</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sensitivity" title="Sensitivity">Sensitivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=time%20relaxation" title=" time relaxation"> time relaxation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=deconvolution" title=" deconvolution"> deconvolution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Navier-%20Stokes%20equations." title=" Navier- Stokes equations."> Navier- Stokes equations.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14516/sensitivity-computations-of-time-relaxation-model-with-an-application-in-cavity-computation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14516/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14516/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14516/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14516/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14516/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14516/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14516/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14516/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14516/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14516/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14516.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1329</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6902</span> Thermoelectric Properties of Doped Polycrystalline Silicon Film</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Li%20Long">Li Long</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Thomas%20Ortlepp"> Thomas Ortlepp</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The transport properties of carriers in polycrystalline silicon film affect the performance of polycrystalline silicon-based devices. They depend strongly on the grain structure, grain boundary trap properties and doping concentration, which in turn are determined by the film deposition and processing conditions. Based on the properties of charge carriers, phonons, grain boundaries and their interactions, the thermoelectric properties of polycrystalline silicon are analyzed with the relaxation time approximation of the Boltzmann transport equation. With this approach, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient as a function of grain size, trap properties and doping concentration can be determined. Experiment on heavily doped polycrystalline silicon is carried out and measurement results are compared with the model.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Conductivity" title="Conductivity">Conductivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=polycrystalline%20silicon" title=" polycrystalline silicon"> polycrystalline silicon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=relaxation%20time%0D%0Aapproximation" title=" relaxation time approximation"> relaxation time approximation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Seebeck%20coefficient" title=" Seebeck coefficient"> Seebeck coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=thermoelectric%20property." title=" thermoelectric property."> thermoelectric property.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013257/thermoelectric-properties-of-doped-polycrystalline-silicon-film" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013257/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013257/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013257/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013257/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013257/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013257/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013257/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013257/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013257/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013257/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013257.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">231</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6901</span> Influence of Moringa Leaves Extract on the Response of Hb Molecule to Dose Rates’ Changes: II. Relaxation Time and Its Thermodynamic Driven State Functions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohamed%20M.%20M.%20Elnasharty">Mohamed M. M. Elnasharty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Azhar%20M.%20Elwan"> Azhar M. Elwan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Irradiation deposits energy through ionisation changing the bio-system’s net dipole, allowing the use of dielectric parameters and thermodynamic state functions related to these parameters as biophysical detectors to electrical inhomogeneity within the biosystem. This part is concerned with the effect of Moringa leaves extract, natural supplement, on the response of the biosystem to two different dose rates of irradiation. Having Hb molecule as a representative to the biosystem to be least invasive to the biosystem, dielectric measurements were used to extract the relaxation time of certain process found in the Hb spectrum within the indicated frequency window and the interrelated thermodynamic state functions were calculated from the deduced relaxation time. The results showed that relaxation time was decreased for both dose rates indicating a strong influence of Moringa on the response of biosystem and consequently Hb molecule. This influence was presented in the relaxation time and other parameters as well.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Activation%20energy" title="Activation energy">Activation energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=DC%20conductivity" title=" DC conductivity"> DC conductivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=dielectric%20relaxation" title=" dielectric relaxation"> dielectric relaxation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=enthalpy%20change" title=" enthalpy change"> enthalpy change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=moringa%20leaves%20extract" title=" moringa leaves extract"> moringa leaves extract</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=relaxation%20time." title=" relaxation time. "> relaxation time. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010403/influence-of-moringa-leaves-extract-on-the-response-of-hb-molecule-to-dose-rates-changes-ii-relaxation-time-and-its-thermodynamic-driven-state-functions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010403/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010403/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010403/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010403/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010403/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010403/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010403/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010403/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010403/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010403/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010403.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">667</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6900</span> Comparative Dielectric Properties of 1,2-Dichloroethane with n-Methylformamide and n,n-Dimethylformamide Using Time Domain Reflectometry Technique in Microwave Frequency</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Shagufta%20Tabassum">Shagufta Tabassum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=V.%20P.%20Pawar"> V. P. Pawar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=jr."> jr.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=G.%20N.%20Shinde"> G. N. Shinde</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The study of dielectric relaxation properties of polar liquids in the binary mixture has been carried out at 10, 15, 20 and 25 ºC temperatures for 11 different concentrations using time domain reflectometry technique. The dielectric properties of a solute-solvent mixture of polar liquids in the frequency range of 10 MHz to 30 GHz gives the information regarding formation of monomers and multimers and also an interaction between the molecules of the liquid mixture under study. The dielectric parameters have been obtained by the least squares fit method using the Debye equation characterized by a single relaxation time without relaxation time distribution.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Excess%20properties" title="Excess properties">Excess properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=relaxation%20time" title=" relaxation time"> relaxation time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=static%20dielectric%20constant" title=" static dielectric constant"> static dielectric constant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=time%20domain%20refelectometry%20technique." title=" time domain refelectometry technique. "> time domain refelectometry technique. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011039/comparative-dielectric-properties-of-12-dichloroethane-with-n-methylformamide-and-nn-dimethylformamide-using-time-domain-reflectometry-technique-in-microwave-frequency" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011039/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011039/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011039/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011039/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011039/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011039/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011039/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011039/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011039/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011039/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011039.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">572</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6899</span> Best Co-approximation and Best Simultaneous Co-approximation in Fuzzy Normed Spaces</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=J.%20Kavikumar">J. Kavikumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20S.%20Manian"> N. S. Manian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.B.K.%20Moorthy"> M.B.K. Moorthy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The main purpose of this paper is to consider the t-best co-approximation and t-best simultaneous co-approximation in fuzzy normed spaces. We develop the theory of t-best co-approximation and t-best simultaneous co-approximation in quotient spaces. This new concept is employed us to improve various characterisations of t-co-proximinal and t-co-Chebyshev sets.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fuzzy%20best%20co-approximation" title="Fuzzy best co-approximation">Fuzzy best co-approximation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fuzzy%20quotient%20spaces" title=" fuzzy quotient spaces"> fuzzy quotient spaces</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=proximinality" title=" proximinality"> proximinality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chebyshevity" title=" Chebyshevity"> Chebyshevity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=best%20simultaneous%20co-approximation." title=" best simultaneous co-approximation."> best simultaneous co-approximation.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997819/best-co-approximation-and-best-simultaneous-co-approximation-in-fuzzy-normed-spaces" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997819/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997819/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997819/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997819/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997819/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997819/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997819/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997819/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997819/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997819/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997819.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1614</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6898</span> Definable Subsets in Covering Approximation Spaces</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Xun%20Ge">Xun Ge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Zhaowen%20Li"> Zhaowen Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Covering approximation spaces is a class of important generalization of approximation spaces. For a subset X of a covering approximation space (U, C), is X definable or rough? The answer of this question is uncertain, which depends on covering approximation operators endowed on (U, C). Note that there are many various covering approximation operators, which can be endowed on covering approximation spaces. This paper investigates covering approximation spaces endowed ten covering approximation operators respectively, and establishes some relations among definable subsets, inner definable subsets and outer definable subsets in covering approximation spaces, which deepens some results on definable subsets in approximation spaces. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Covering%20approximation%20space" title="Covering approximation space">Covering approximation space</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=covering%20approximation%20operator" title=" covering approximation operator"> covering approximation operator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=definable%20subset" title=" definable subset"> definable subset</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=inner%20definable%20subset" title=" inner definable subset"> inner definable subset</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=outer%20definable%20subset." title=" outer definable subset."> outer definable subset.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7856/definable-subsets-in-covering-approximation-spaces" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7856/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7856/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7856/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7856/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7856/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7856/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7856/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7856/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7856/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7856/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7856.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1286</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6897</span> Optimization of Thermopile Sensor Performance of Polycrystalline Silicon Film</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Li%20Long">Li Long</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Thomas%20Ortlepp"> Thomas Ortlepp</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>A theoretical model for the optimization of thermopile sensor performance is developed for thermoelectric-based infrared radiation detection. It is shown that the performance of polycrystalline silicon film thermopile sensor can be optimized according to the thermoelectric quality factor, sensor layer structure factor and sensor layout shape factor. Based on the properties of electrons, phonons, grain boundaries and their interactions, the thermoelectric quality factor of polycrystalline silicon is analyzed with the relaxation time approximation of Boltzmann transport equation. The model includes the effects of grain structure, grain boundary trap properties and doping concentration. The layer structure factor of sensor is analyzed with respect to infrared absorption coefficient. The effect of layout design is characterized with the shape factor, which is calculated for different sensor designs. Double layer polycrystalline silicon thermopile infrared sensors on suspended support membrane have been designed and fabricated with a CMOS-compatible process. The theoretical approach is confirmed with measurement results.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Polycrystalline%20silicon%20film" title="Polycrystalline silicon film">Polycrystalline silicon film</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=relaxation%20time%0D%0Aapproximation" title=" relaxation time approximation"> relaxation time approximation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=specific%20detectivity" title=" specific detectivity"> specific detectivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=thermal%20conductivity" title=" thermal conductivity"> thermal conductivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=thermopile%0D%0Ainfrared%20sensor." title=" thermopile infrared sensor."> thermopile infrared sensor.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013161/optimization-of-thermopile-sensor-performance-of-polycrystalline-silicon-film" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013161/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013161/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013161/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013161/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013161/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013161/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013161/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013161/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013161/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013161/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013161.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">231</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6896</span> Structural Properties of Polar Liquids in Binary Mixture Using Microwave Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Shagufta%20Tabassum">Shagufta Tabassum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=V.%20P.%20Pawar"> V. P. Pawar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The study of static dielectric properties in a binary mixture of 1,2 dichloroethane (DE) and n,n dimethylformamide (DMF) polar liquids has been carried out in the frequency range of 10 MHz to 30 GHz for 11 different concentration using time domain reflectometry technique at 10ºC temperature. The dielectric relaxation study of solute-solvent mixture at microwave frequencies gives information regarding the creation of monomers and multimers as well as interaction between the molecules of the binary mixture. The least squares fit method is used to determine the values of dielectric parameters such as static dielectric constant (ε<sub>0</sub>), dielectric constant at high frequency (ε<sub>∞</sub>) and relaxation time (τ).</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Excess%20parameters" title="Excess parameters">Excess parameters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=relaxation%20time" title=" relaxation time"> relaxation time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=static%20dielectric%20constant" title=" static dielectric constant"> static dielectric constant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=time%20domain%20reflectometry." title=" time domain reflectometry."> time domain reflectometry.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009501/structural-properties-of-polar-liquids-in-binary-mixture-using-microwave-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009501/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009501/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009501/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009501/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009501/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009501/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009501/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009501/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009501/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009501/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009501.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">725</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6895</span> Effect of Out-of-Plane Deformation on Relaxation Method of Stress Concentration in a Plate with a Circular Hole</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Shingo%20Murakami">Shingo Murakami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Shinichi%20Enoki"> Shinichi Enoki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In structures, stress concentration is a factor of fatigue fracture. Basically, the stress concentration is a phenomenon that should be avoided. However, it is difficult to avoid the stress concentration. Therefore, relaxation of the stress concentration is important. The stress concentration arises from notches and circular holes. There is a relaxation method that a composite patch covers a notch and a circular hole. This relaxation method is used to repair aerial wings, but it is not systematized. Composites are more expensive than single materials. Accordingly, we propose the relaxation method that a single material patch covers a notch and a circular hole, and aim to systematize this relaxation method. We performed FEA (Finite Element Analysis) about an object by using a three-dimensional FEA model. The object was that a patch adheres to a plate with a circular hole. And, a uniaxial tensile load acts on the patched plate with a circular hole. In the three-dimensional FEA model, it is not easy to model the adhesion layer. Basically, the yield stress of the adhesive is smaller than that of adherents. Accordingly, the adhesion layer gets to plastic deformation earlier than the adherents under the yield load of adherents. Therefore, we propose the three-dimensional FEA model which is applied a nonlinear elastic region to the adhesion layer. The nonlinear elastic region was calculated by a bilinear approximation. We compared the analysis results with the tensile test results to confirm whether the analysis model has usefulness. As a result, the analysis results agreed with the tensile test results. And, we confirmed that the analysis model has usefulness. As a result that the three-dimensional FEA model was used to the analysis, it was confirmed that an out-of-plane deformation occurred to the patched plate with a circular hole. The out-of-plane deformation causes stress increase of the patched plate with a circular hole. Therefore, we investigated that the out-of-plane deformation affects relaxation of the stress concentration in the plate with a circular hole on this relaxation method. As a result, it was confirmed that the out-of-plane deformation inhibits relaxation of the stress concentration on the plate with a circular hole.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Stress%20concentration" title="Stress concentration">Stress concentration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=patch" title=" patch"> patch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=out-of-plane%20deformation" title=" out-of-plane deformation"> out-of-plane deformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Finite%20Element%20Analysis." title=" Finite Element Analysis."> Finite Element Analysis.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999882/effect-of-out-of-plane-deformation-on-relaxation-method-of-stress-concentration-in-a-plate-with-a-circular-hole" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999882/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999882/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999882/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999882/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999882/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999882/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999882/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999882/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999882/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999882/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999882.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2293</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6894</span> Relaxation Dynamics of Quantum Emitters Resonantly Coupled to a Localized Surface Plasmon</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Khachatur%20V.%20Nerkararyan">Khachatur V. Nerkararyan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sergey%20I.%20Bozhevolnyi"> Sergey I. Bozhevolnyi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>We investigate relaxation dynamics of a quantum dipole emitter (QDE), e.g., a molecule or quantum dot, located near a metal nanoparticle (MNP) exhibiting a dipolar localized surface plasmon (LSP) resonance at the frequency of the QDE radiative transition. It is shown that under the condition of the QDE-MNP characteristic relaxation time being much shorter than that of the QDE in free-space but much longer than the LSP lifetime. It is also shown that energy dissipation in the QDE-MNP system is relatively weak with the probability of the photon emission being about 0.75, a number which, rather surprisingly, does not explicitly depend on the metal absorption characteristics. The degree of entanglement measured by the concurrency takes the maximum value, while the distances between the QDEs and metal ball approximately are equal.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Metal%20nanoparticle" title="Metal nanoparticle">Metal nanoparticle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Localized%20surface%20plasmon" title=" Localized surface plasmon"> Localized surface plasmon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Quantum%20dipole%20emitter" title=" Quantum dipole emitter"> Quantum dipole emitter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Relaxation%20dynamics." title=" Relaxation dynamics."> Relaxation dynamics.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001247/relaxation-dynamics-of-quantum-emitters-resonantly-coupled-to-a-localized-surface-plasmon" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001247/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001247/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001247/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001247/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001247/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001247/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001247/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001247/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001247/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001247/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001247.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2348</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6893</span> On an Open Problem for Definable Subsets of Covering Approximation Spaces</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mei%20He">Mei He</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ying%20Ge"> Ying Ge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jingyu%20Qian"> Jingyu Qian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Let (U;D) be a Gr-covering approximation space (U; C) with covering lower approximation operator D and covering upper approximation operator D. For a subset X of U, this paper investigates the following three conditions: (1) X is a definable subset of (U;D); (2) X is an inner definable subset of (U;D); (3) X is an outer definable subset of (U;D). It is proved that if one of the above three conditions holds, then the others hold. These results give a positive answer of an open problem for definable subsets of covering approximation spaces. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Covering%20approximation%20space" title="Covering approximation space">Covering approximation space</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=covering%20approximation%20operator" title=" covering approximation operator"> covering approximation operator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=definable%20subset" title=" definable subset"> definable subset</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=inner%20definable%20subset" title=" inner definable subset"> inner definable subset</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=outer%20definable%20subset." title=" outer definable subset."> outer definable subset.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7038/on-an-open-problem-for-definable-subsets-of-covering-approximation-spaces" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7038/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7038/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7038/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7038/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7038/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7038/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7038/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7038/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7038/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7038/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7038.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1151</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6892</span> Comparison between Beta Wavelets Neural Networks, RBF Neural Networks and Polynomial Approximation for 1D, 2DFunctions Approximation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Wajdi%20Bellil">Wajdi Bellil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chokri%20Ben%20Amar"> Chokri Ben Amar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Adel%20M.%20Alimi"> Adel M. Alimi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This paper proposes a comparison between wavelet neural networks (WNN), RBF neural network and polynomial approximation in term of 1-D and 2-D functions approximation. We present a novel wavelet neural network, based on Beta wavelets, for 1-D and 2-D functions approximation. Our purpose is to approximate an unknown function f: Rn - R from scattered samples (xi; y = f(xi)) i=1....n, where first, we have little a priori knowledge on the unknown function f: it lives in some infinite dimensional smooth function space and second the function approximation process is performed iteratively: each new measure on the function (xi; f(xi)) is used to compute a new estimate Ôêºf as an approximation of the function f. Simulation results are demonstrated to validate the generalization ability and efficiency of the proposed Beta wavelet network.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Beta%20wavelets%20networks" title="Beta wavelets networks">Beta wavelets networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=RBF%20neural%20network" title=" RBF neural network"> RBF neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=training%20algorithms" title="training algorithms">training algorithms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=MSE" title=" MSE"> MSE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=1-D" title=" 1-D"> 1-D</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=2D%20function%20approximation." title=" 2D function approximation."> 2D function approximation.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2132/comparison-between-beta-wavelets-neural-networks-rbf-neural-networks-and-polynomial-approximation-for-1d-2dfunctions-approximation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2132/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2132/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2132/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2132/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2132/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2132/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2132/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2132/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2132/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2132/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2132.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1919</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6891</span> Some Separations in Covering Approximation Spaces</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Xun%20Ge">Xun Ge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jinjin%20Li"> Jinjin Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ying%20Ge"> Ying Ge</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Adopting Zakowski-s upper approximation operator C and lower approximation operator C, this paper investigates granularity-wise separations in covering approximation spaces. Some characterizations of granularity-wise separations are obtained by means of Pawlak rough sets and some relations among granularitywise separations are established, which makes it possible to research covering approximation spaces by logical methods and mathematical methods in computer science. Results of this paper give further applications of Pawlak rough set theory in pattern recognition and artificial intelligence. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rough%20set" title="Rough set">Rough set</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=covering%20approximation%20space" title=" covering approximation space"> covering approximation space</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=granularitywise%20separation." title=" granularitywise separation."> granularitywise separation.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13289/some-separations-in-covering-approximation-spaces" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13289/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13289/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13289/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13289/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13289/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13289/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13289/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13289/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13289/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13289/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13289.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1684</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6890</span> An Empirical Validation of the Linear- Hyperbolic Approximation of the I-V Characteristic of a Solar Cell Generator</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20A.%20Penin">A. A. Penin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>An empirical linearly-hyperbolic approximation of the I - V characteristic of a solar cell is presented. This approximation is based on hyperbolic dependence of a current of p-n junctions on voltage for large currents. Such empirical approximation is compared with the early proposed formal linearly-hyperbolic approximation of a solar cell. The expressions defining laws of change of parameters of formal approximation at change of a photo current of family of characteristics are received. It allows simplifying a finding of parameters of approximation on actual curves, to specify their values. Analytical calculation of load regime for linearly - hyperbolic model leads to quadratic equation. Also, this model allows to define soundly a deviation from the maximum power regime and to compare efficiency of regimes of solar cells with different parameters.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=a%20solar%20cell%20generator" title="a solar cell generator">a solar cell generator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=I%20%E2%88%92%20V%20characteristic" title=" I − V characteristic"> I − V characteristic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=p%20%E2%88%92%20n%20junction" title=" p − n junction"> p − n junction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=approximation" title=" approximation"> approximation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5024/an-empirical-validation-of-the-linear-hyperbolic-approximation-of-the-i-v-characteristic-of-a-solar-cell-generator" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5024/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5024/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5024/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5024/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5024/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5024/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5024/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5024/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5024/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5024/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5024.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1419</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6889</span> Measurements of MRI R2* Relaxation Rate in Liver and Muscle: Animal Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chiung-Yun%20Chang">Chiung-Yun Chang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Po-Chou%20Chen"> Po-Chou Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jiun-Shiang%20Tzeng"> Jiun-Shiang Tzeng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ka-Wai%20Mac"> Ka-Wai Mac</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chia-Chi%20Hsiao"> Chia-Chi Hsiao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jo-Chi%20Jao"> Jo-Chi Jao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study was aimed to measure effective transverse relaxation rates (R2*) in the liver and muscle of normal New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits. R2* relaxation rate has been widely used in various hepatic diseases for iron overload by quantifying iron contents in liver. R2* relaxation rate is defined as the reciprocal of T2* relaxation time and mainly depends on the constituents of tissue. Different tissues would have different R2* relaxation rates. The signal intensity decay in Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be characterized by R2* relaxation rates. In this study, a 1.5T GE Signa HDxt whole body MR scanner equipped with an 8-channel high resolution knee coil was used to observe R2* values in NZW rabbit’s liver and muscle. Eight healthy NZW rabbits weighted 2 ~ 2.5 kg were recruited. After anesthesia using Zoletil 50 and Rompun 2% mixture, the abdomen of rabbit was landmarked at the center of knee coil to perform 3-plane localizer scan using fast spoiled gradient echo (FSPGR) pulse sequence. Afterwards, multi-planar fast gradient echo (MFGR) scans were performed with 8 various echo times (TEs) to acquire images for R2* measurements. Regions of interest (ROIs) at liver and muscle were measured using Advantage workstation. Finally, the R2* was obtained by a linear regression of ln(sı) on TE. The results showed that the longer the echo time, the smaller the signal intensity. The R2* values of liver and muscle were 44.8 ± 10.9 s-1 and 37.4 ± 9.5 s-1, respectively. It implies that the iron concentration of liver is higher than that of muscle. In conclusion, the more the iron contents in tissue, the higher the R2*. The correlations between R2* and iron content in NZW rabbits might be valuable for further exploration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Liver" title="Liver">Liver</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=MRI" title=" MRI"> MRI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=multi-planar%20fast%20gradient%20echo" title=" multi-planar fast gradient echo"> multi-planar fast gradient echo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=muscle" title=" muscle"> muscle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=R2%2A%20relaxation%20rate." title=" R2* relaxation rate."> R2* relaxation rate.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002960/measurements-of-mri-r2-relaxation-rate-in-liver-and-muscle-animal-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002960/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002960/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002960/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002960/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002960/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002960/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002960/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002960/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002960/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002960/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002960.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2150</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6888</span> Reduction of Linear Time-Invariant Systems Using Routh-Approximation and PSO</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Panda">S. Panda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20K.%20Tomar"> S. K. Tomar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=R.%20Prasad"> R. Prasad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=C.%20Ardil"> C. Ardil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Order reduction of linear-time invariant systems employing two methods; one using the advantages of Routh approximation and other by an evolutionary technique is presented in this paper. In Routh approximation method the denominator of the reduced order model is obtained using Routh approximation while the numerator of the reduced order model is determined using the indirect approach of retaining the time moments and/or Markov parameters of original system. By this method the reduced order model guarantees stability if the original high order model is stable. In the second method Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is employed to reduce the higher order model. PSO method is based on the minimization of the Integral Squared Error (ISE) between the transient responses of original higher order model and the reduced order model pertaining to a unit step input. Both the methods are illustrated through numerical examples.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Model%20Order%20Reduction" title="Model Order Reduction">Model Order Reduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Markov%20Parameters" title=" Markov Parameters"> Markov Parameters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Routh%20Approximation" title=" Routh Approximation"> Routh Approximation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Particle%20Swarm%20Optimization" title=" Particle Swarm Optimization"> Particle Swarm Optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Integral%20Squared%20Error" title=" Integral Squared Error"> Integral Squared Error</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Steady%20State%20Stability." title=" Steady State Stability."> Steady State Stability.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13030/reduction-of-linear-time-invariant-systems-using-routh-approximation-and-pso" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13030/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13030/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13030/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13030/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13030/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13030/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13030/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13030/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13030/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13030/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13030.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3288</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6887</span> On Thermal Instabilities in a Viscoelastic Fluid Subject to Internal Heat Generation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Donna%20M.%20G.%20Comissiong">Donna M. G. Comissiong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tyrone%20D.%20Dass"> Tyrone D. Dass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Harold%20Ramkissoon"> Harold Ramkissoon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Alana%20R.%20Sankar"> Alana R. Sankar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The B'enard-Marangoni thermal instability problem for a viscoelastic Jeffreys- fluid layer with internal heat generation is investigated. The fluid layer is bounded above by a realistic free deformable surface and by a plane surface below. Our analysis shows that while the internal heat generation and the relaxation time both destabilize the fluid layer, its stability may be enhanced by an increased retardation time. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Viscoelastic%20fluid" title="Viscoelastic fluid">Viscoelastic fluid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jeffreys%27%20model" title=" Jeffreys' model"> Jeffreys' model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Maxwell%20model" title=" Maxwell model"> Maxwell model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=internal%20heat%20generation" title="internal heat generation">internal heat generation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=retardation%20time" title=" retardation time"> retardation time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=relaxation%20time." title=" relaxation time."> relaxation time.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10451/on-thermal-instabilities-in-a-viscoelastic-fluid-subject-to-internal-heat-generation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10451/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10451/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10451/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10451/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10451/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10451/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10451/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10451/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10451/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10451/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10451.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1656</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6886</span> Influences of Thermal Relaxation Times on Generalized Thermoelastic Longitudinal Waves in Circular Cylinder</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fatimah%20A.%20Alshaikh">Fatimah A. Alshaikh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This paper is concerned with propagation of thermoelastic longitudinal vibrations of an infinite circular cylinder, in the context of the linear theory of generalized thermoelasticity with two relaxation time parameters (Green and Lindsay theory). Three displacement potential functions are introduced to uncouple the equations of motion. The frequency equation, by using the traction free boundary conditions, is given in the form of a determinant involving Bessel functions. The roots of the frequency equation give the value of the characteristic circular frequency as function of the wave number. These roots, which correspond to various modes, are numerically computed and presented graphically for different values of the thermal relaxation times. It is found that the influences of the thermal relaxation times on the amplitudes of the elastic and thermal waves are remarkable. Also, it is shown in this study that the propagation of thermoelastic longitudinal vibrations based on the generalized thermoelasticity can differ significantly compared with the results under the classical formulation. A comparison of the results for the case with no thermal effects shows well agreement with some of the corresponding earlier results.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Wave%20propagation" title="Wave propagation">Wave propagation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=longitudinal%20vibrations" title=" longitudinal vibrations"> longitudinal vibrations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=circular%0D%0Acylinder" title=" circular cylinder"> circular cylinder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=generalized%20thermoelasticity" title=" generalized thermoelasticity"> generalized thermoelasticity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Thermal%20relaxation%20times." title=" Thermal relaxation times."> Thermal relaxation times.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11591/influences-of-thermal-relaxation-times-on-generalized-thermoelastic-longitudinal-waves-in-circular-cylinder" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11591/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11591/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11591/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11591/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11591/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11591/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11591/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11591/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11591/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11591/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11591.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2186</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6885</span> Identification of Arousal and Relaxation by using SVM-Based Fusion of PPG Features</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chi%20Jung%20Kim">Chi Jung Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mincheol%20Whang"> Mincheol Whang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Eui%20Chul%20Lee"> Eui Chul Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we propose a new method to distinguish between arousal and relaxation states by using multiple features acquired from a photoplethysmogram (PPG) and support vector machine (SVM). To induce arousal and relaxation states in subjects, 2 kinds of sound stimuli are used, and their corresponding biosignals are obtained using the PPG sensor. Two features–pulse to pulse interval (PPI) and pulse amplitude (PA)–are extracted from acquired PPG data, and a nonlinear classification between arousal and relaxation is performed using SVM. This methodology has several advantages when compared with previous similar studies. Firstly, we extracted 2 separate features from PPG, i.e., PPI and PA. Secondly, in order to improve the classification accuracy, SVM-based nonlinear classification was performed. Thirdly, to solve classification problems caused by generalized features of whole subjects, we defined each threshold according to individual features. Experimental results showed that the average classification accuracy was 74.67%. Also, the proposed method showed the better identification performance than the single feature based methods. From this result, we confirmed that arousal and relaxation can be classified using SVM and PPG features. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Support%20Vector%20Machine" title="Support Vector Machine">Support Vector Machine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=PPG" title=" PPG"> PPG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Emotion%20Recognition" title=" Emotion Recognition"> Emotion Recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Arousal" title=" Arousal"> Arousal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Relaxation" title=" Relaxation"> Relaxation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10837/identification-of-arousal-and-relaxation-by-using-svm-based-fusion-of-ppg-features" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10837/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10837/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10837/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10837/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10837/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10837/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10837/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10837/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10837/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10837/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10837.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2484</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6884</span> Dry Relaxation Shrinkage Prediction of Bordeaux Fiber Using a Feed Forward Neural</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Baeza%20S.%20Roberto">Baeza S. Roberto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The knitted fabric suffers a deformation in its dimensions due to stretching and tension factors, transverse and longitudinal respectively, during the process in rectilinear knitting machines so it performs a dry relaxation shrinkage procedure and thermal action of prefixed to obtain stable conditions in the knitting. This paper presents a dry relaxation shrinkage prediction of Bordeaux fiber using a feed forward neural network and linear regression models. Six operational alternatives of shrinkage were predicted. A comparison of the results was performed finding neural network models with higher levels of explanation of the variability and prediction. The presence of different reposes is included. The models were obtained through a neural toolbox of Matlab and Minitab software with real data in a knitting company of Southern Guanajuato. The results allow predicting dry relaxation shrinkage of each alternative operation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Neural%20network" title="Neural network">Neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=dry%20relaxation" title=" dry relaxation"> dry relaxation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=knitting" title=" knitting"> knitting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=linear%0D%0Aregression." title=" linear regression."> linear regression.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002624/dry-relaxation-shrinkage-prediction-of-bordeaux-fiber-using-a-feed-forward-neural" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002624/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002624/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002624/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002624/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002624/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002624/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002624/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002624/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002624/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002624/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002624.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1758</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6883</span> On Constructing Approximate Convex Hull</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Zahid%20Hossain">M. Zahid Hossain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Ashraful%20Amin"> M. Ashraful Amin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The algorithms of convex hull have been extensively studied in literature, principally because of their wide range of applications in different areas. This article presents an efficient algorithm to construct approximate convex hull from a set of n points in the plane in O(n + k) time, where k is the approximation error control parameter. The proposed algorithm is suitable for applications preferred to reduce the computation time in exchange of accuracy level such as animation and interaction in computer graphics where rapid and real-time graphics rendering is indispensable.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Convex%20hull" title="Convex hull">Convex hull</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Approximation%20algorithm" title=" Approximation algorithm"> Approximation algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Computational%0D%0Ageometry" title=" Computational geometry"> Computational geometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Linear%20time." title=" Linear time."> Linear time.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16743/on-constructing-approximate-convex-hull" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16743/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16743/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16743/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16743/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16743/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16743/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16743/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16743/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16743/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16743/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16743.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2300</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6882</span> Approximation Algorithm for the Shortest Approximate Common Superstring Problem</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.S.%20Reba%C3%AF">A.S. Rebaï</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Elloumi"> M. Elloumi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Shortest Approximate Common Superstring (SACS) problem is : Given a set of strings f={w1, w2, ... , wn}, where no wi is an approximate substring of wj, i ≠ j, find a shortest string Sa, such that, every string of f is an approximate substring of Sa. When the number of the strings n>2, the SACS problem becomes NP-complete. In this paper, we present a greedy approximation SACS algorithm. Our algorithm is a 1/2-approximation for the SACS problem. It is of complexity O(n2*(l2+log(n))) in computing time, where n is the number of the strings and l is the length of a string. Our SACS algorithm is based on computation of the Length of the Approximate Longest Overlap (LALO). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Shortest%20approximate%20common%20superstring" title="Shortest approximate common superstring">Shortest approximate common superstring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=approximation%20algorithms" title="approximation algorithms">approximation algorithms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=strings%20overlaps" title=" strings overlaps"> strings overlaps</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=complexities." title=" complexities."> complexities.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14792/approximation-algorithm-for-the-shortest-approximate-common-superstring-problem" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14792/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14792/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14792/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14792/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14792/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14792/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14792/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14792/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14792/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14792/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14792.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1506</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6881</span> Grid Independence Study of Flow Past a Square Cylinder Using the Multi-Relaxation-Time Lattice Boltzmann Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Shams-Ul-Islam">Shams-Ul-Islam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hamid%20Rahman"> Hamid Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Waqas%20Sarwar%20Abbasi"> Waqas Sarwar Abbasi </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Numerical calculations of flow around a square cylinder are presented using the multi-relaxation-time lattice Boltzmann method at Reynolds number 150. The effects of upstream locations, downstream locations and blockage are investigated systematically. A detail analysis are given in terms of time-trace analysis of drag and lift coefficients, power spectra analysis of lift coefficient, vorticity contours visualizations and phase diagrams. A number of physical quantities mean drag coefficient, drag coefficient, Strouhal number and root-mean-square values of drag and lift coefficients are calculated and compared with the well resolved experimental data and numerical results available in open literature. The results had shown that the upstream, downstream and height of the computational domain are at least 7.5, 37.5 and 12 diameters of the cylinder, respectively.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Grid%20independence" title="Grid independence">Grid independence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Multi-relaxation-time%20lattice%20Boltzmann%20method" title=" Multi-relaxation-time lattice Boltzmann method"> Multi-relaxation-time lattice Boltzmann method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Physical%20quantities" title=" Physical quantities"> Physical quantities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Square%20cylinder" title=" Square cylinder"> Square cylinder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Vorticity%20contours%20visualizations." title=" Vorticity contours visualizations."> Vorticity contours visualizations.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998910/grid-independence-study-of-flow-past-a-square-cylinder-using-the-multi-relaxation-time-lattice-boltzmann-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998910/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998910/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998910/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998910/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998910/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998910/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998910/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998910/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998910/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998910/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998910.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3339</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6880</span> On Diffusion Approximation of Discrete Markov Dynamical Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jevgenijs%20Carkovs">Jevgenijs Carkovs</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper is devoted to stochastic analysis of finite dimensional difference equation with dependent on ergodic Markov chain increments, which are proportional to small parameter ". A point-form solution of this difference equation may be represented as vertexes of a time-dependent continuous broken line given on the segment [0,1] with "-dependent scaling of intervals between vertexes. Tending " to zero one may apply stochastic averaging and diffusion approximation procedures and construct continuous approximation of the initial stochastic iterations as an ordinary or stochastic Ito differential equation. The paper proves that for sufficiently small " these equations may be successfully applied not only to approximate finite number of iterations but also for asymptotic analysis of iterations, when number of iterations tends to infinity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Markov%20dynamical%20system" title="Markov dynamical system">Markov dynamical system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=diffusion%20approximation" title=" diffusion approximation"> diffusion approximation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=equilibrium%20stochastic%20stability." title="equilibrium stochastic stability.">equilibrium stochastic stability.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4982/on-diffusion-approximation-of-discrete-markov-dynamical-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4982/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4982/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4982/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4982/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4982/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4982/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4982/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4982/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4982/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4982/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4982.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1578</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6879</span> An Improved Prediction Model of Ozone Concentration Time Series Based On Chaotic Approach </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20Z.%20A.%20Hamid">N. Z. A. Hamid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20S.%20M.%20Noorani"> M. S. M. Noorani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This study is focused on the development of prediction models of the Ozone concentration time series. Prediction model is built based on chaotic approach. Firstly, the chaotic nature of the time series is detected by means of phase space plot and the Cao method. Then, the prediction model is built and the local linear approximation method is used for the forecasting purposes. Traditional prediction of autoregressive linear model is also built. Moreover, an improvement in local linear approximation method is also performed. Prediction models are applied to the hourly Ozone time series observed at the benchmark station in Malaysia. Comparison of all models through the calculation of mean absolute error, root mean squared error and correlation coefficient shows that the one with improved prediction method is the best. Thus, chaotic approach is a good approach to be used to develop a prediction model for the Ozone concentration time series.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chaotic%20approach" title="Chaotic approach">Chaotic approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=phase%20space" title=" phase space"> phase space</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cao%20method" title=" Cao method"> Cao method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=local%20linear%20approximation%20method." title=" local linear approximation method."> local linear approximation method.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17414/an-improved-prediction-model-of-ozone-concentration-time-series-based-on-chaotic-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17414/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17414/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17414/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17414/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17414/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17414/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17414/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17414/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17414/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17414/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17414.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1782</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6878</span> Constant Factor Approximation Algorithm for p-Median Network Design Problem with Multiple Cable Types</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chaghoub%20Soraya">Chaghoub Soraya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Zhang%20Xiaoyan"> Zhang Xiaoyan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research presents the first constant approximation algorithm to the p-median network design problem with multiple cable types. This problem was addressed with a single cable type and there is a bifactor approximation algorithm for the problem. To the best of our knowledge, the algorithm proposed in this paper is the first constant approximation algorithm for the p-median network design with multiple cable types. The addressed problem is a combination of two well studied problems which are p-median problem and network design problem. The introduced algorithm is a random sampling approximation algorithm of constant factor which is conceived by using some random sampling techniques form the literature. It is based on a redistribution Lemma from the literature and a steiner tree problem as a subproblem. This algorithm is simple, and it relies on the notions of random sampling and probability. The proposed approach gives an approximation solution with one constant ratio without violating any of the constraints, in contrast to the one proposed in the literature. This paper provides a (21 + 2)-approximation algorithm for the p-median network design problem with multiple cable types using random sampling techniques. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Approximation%20algorithms" title="Approximation algorithms">Approximation algorithms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=buy-at-bulk" title=" buy-at-bulk"> buy-at-bulk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=combinatorial%0D%0Aoptimization" title=" combinatorial optimization"> combinatorial optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=network%20design" title=" network design"> network design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=p-median." title=" p-median."> p-median.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011331/constant-factor-approximation-algorithm-for-p-median-network-design-problem-with-multiple-cable-types" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011331/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011331/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011331/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011331/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011331/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011331/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011331/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011331/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011331/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011331/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011331.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">595</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6877</span> Adaptive Impedance Control for Unknown Time-Varying Environment Position and Stiffness</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Norsinnira%20Zainul%20Azlan">Norsinnira Zainul Azlan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hiroshi%20Yamaura"> Hiroshi Yamaura</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This study is concerned with a new adaptive impedance control strategy to compensate for unknown time-varying environment stiffness and position. The uncertainties are expressed by Function Approximation Technique (FAT), which allows the update laws to be derived easily using Lyapunov stability theory. Computer simulation results are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Adaptive%20Impedance%20Control" title="Adaptive Impedance Control">Adaptive Impedance Control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Function%20Approximation%20Technique%20%28FAT%29" title=" Function Approximation Technique (FAT)"> Function Approximation Technique (FAT)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=unknown%20time-varying%20environment%20position%20and%20stiffness." title=" unknown time-varying environment position and stiffness."> unknown time-varying environment position and stiffness.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/535/adaptive-impedance-control-for-unknown-time-varying-environment-position-and-stiffness" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/535/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/535/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/535/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/535/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/535/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/535/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/535/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/535/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/535/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/535/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/535.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2150</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6876</span> A Structural Constitutive Model for Viscoelastic Rheological Behavior of Human Saphenous Vein Using Experimental Assays </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rassoli%20Aisa">Rassoli Aisa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Abrishami%20Movahhed%20Arezu"> Abrishami Movahhed Arezu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Faturaee%20Nasser"> Faturaee Nasser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Seddighi%20Amir%20Saeed"> Seddighi Amir Saeed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Shafigh%20Mohammad"> Shafigh Mohammad </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Cardiovascular diseases are one of the most common causes of mortality in developed countries. Coronary artery abnormalities and carotid artery stenosis, also known as silent death, are among these diseases. One of the treatment methods for these diseases is to create a deviatory pathway to conduct blood into the heart through a bypass surgery. The saphenous vein is usually used in this surgery to create the deviatory pathway. Unfortunately, a re-surgery will be necessary after some years due to ignoring the disagreement of mechanical properties of graft tissue and/or applied prostheses with those of host tissue. The objective of the present study is to clarify the viscoelastic behavior of human saphenous tissue. The stress relaxation tests in circumferential and longitudinal direction were done in this vein by exerting 20% and 50% strains. Considering the stress relaxation curves obtained from stress relaxation tests and the coefficients of the standard solid model, it was demonstrated that the saphenous vein has a non-linear viscoelastic behavior. Thereafter, the fitting with Fung’s quasilinear viscoelastic (QLV) model was performed based on stress relaxation time curves. Finally, the coefficients of Fung’s QLV model, which models the behavior of saphenous tissue very well, were presented.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fung%E2%80%99s%20quasilinear%20viscoelastic%20%28QLV%29%20model" title="Fung’s quasilinear viscoelastic (QLV) model">Fung’s quasilinear viscoelastic (QLV) model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=strain%20rate" title=" strain rate"> strain rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=stress%20relaxation%20test" title=" stress relaxation test"> stress relaxation test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=uniaxial%20tensile%20test" title=" uniaxial tensile test"> uniaxial tensile test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=viscoelastic%20behavior." title=" viscoelastic behavior. "> viscoelastic behavior. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007077/a-structural-constitutive-model-for-viscoelastic-rheological-behavior-of-human-saphenous-vein-using-experimental-assays" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007077/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007077/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007077/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007077/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007077/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007077/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007077/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007077/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007077/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007077/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007077.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">786</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6875</span> Automated Segmentation of ECG Signals using Piecewise Derivative Dynamic Time Warping</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ali%20Zifan">Ali Zifan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohammad%20Hassan%20Moradi"> Mohammad Hassan Moradi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sohrab%20Saberi"> Sohrab Saberi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Farzad%20Towhidkhah"> Farzad Towhidkhah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Electrocardiogram (ECG) segmentation is necessary to help reduce the time consuming task of manually annotating ECG-s. Several algorithms have been developed to segment the ECG automatically. We first review several of such methods, and then present a new single lead segmentation method based on Adaptive piecewise constant approximation (APCA) and Piecewise derivative dynamic time warping (PDDTW). The results are tested on the QT database. We compared our results to Laguna-s two lead method. Our proposed approach has a comparable mean error, but yields a slightly higher standard deviation than Laguna-s method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Adaptive%20Piecewise%20Constant%20Approximation" title="Adaptive Piecewise Constant Approximation">Adaptive Piecewise Constant Approximation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Dynamic%20programming" title="Dynamic programming">Dynamic programming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ECG%20segmentation" title=" ECG segmentation"> ECG segmentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Piecewise%20DerivativeDynamic%20Time%20Warping." title=" Piecewise DerivativeDynamic Time Warping."> Piecewise DerivativeDynamic Time Warping.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8423/automated-segmentation-of-ecg-signals-using-piecewise-derivative-dynamic-time-warping" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8423/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8423/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8423/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8423/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8423/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8423/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8423/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8423/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8423/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8423/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8423.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2067</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6874</span> Automated ECG Segmentation Using Piecewise Derivative Dynamic Time Warping </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ali%20Zifan">Ali Zifan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sohrab%20Saberi"> Sohrab Saberi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohammad%20Hassan%20Moradi"> Mohammad Hassan Moradi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Farzad%20Towhidkhah"> Farzad Towhidkhah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Electrocardiogram (ECG) segmentation is necessary to help reduce the time consuming task of manually annotating ECG's. Several algorithms have been developed to segment the ECG automatically. We first review several of such methods, and then present a new single lead segmentation method based on Adaptive piecewise constant approximation (APCA) and Piecewise derivative dynamic time warping (PDDTW). The results are tested on the QT database. We compared our results to Laguna's two lead method. Our proposed approach has a comparable mean error, but yields a slightly higher standard deviation than Laguna's method.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Adaptive%20Piecewise%20Constant%20Approximation" title="Adaptive Piecewise Constant Approximation">Adaptive Piecewise Constant Approximation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Dynamic%20programming" title=" Dynamic programming"> Dynamic programming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ECG%20segmentation" title=" ECG segmentation"> ECG segmentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Piecewise%20Derivative%20Dynamic%20Time%20Warping." title=" Piecewise Derivative Dynamic Time Warping."> Piecewise Derivative Dynamic Time Warping.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7002/automated-ecg-segmentation-using-piecewise-derivative-dynamic-time-warping" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7002/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7002/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7002/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7002/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7002/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7002/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7002/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7002/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7002/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7002/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7002.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2392</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=relaxation%20time%0D%0Aapproximation&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=relaxation%20time%0D%0Aapproximation&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=relaxation%20time%0D%0Aapproximation&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=relaxation%20time%0D%0Aapproximation&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=relaxation%20time%0D%0Aapproximation&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=relaxation%20time%0D%0Aapproximation&page=7">7</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=relaxation%20time%0D%0Aapproximation&page=8">8</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=relaxation%20time%0D%0Aapproximation&page=9">9</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=relaxation%20time%0D%0Aapproximation&page=10">10</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">...</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=relaxation%20time%0D%0Aapproximation&page=230">230</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=relaxation%20time%0D%0Aapproximation&page=231">231</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=relaxation%20time%0D%0Aapproximation&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>