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id="toc-North_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>South America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Petrified wood</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 35 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-35" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">35 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B4%D8%A8_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%B1" title="خشب متحجر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="خشب متحجر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A0" title="শিলীভূত কাঠ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="শিলীভূত কাঠ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Вкаменено дърво – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Вкаменено дърво" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosc_petrificat" title="Bosc petrificat – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bosc petrificat" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zkamen%C4%9Bl%C3%A9_d%C5%99evo" title="Zkamenělé dřevo – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Zkamenělé dřevo" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forstenet_tr%C3%A6" title="Forstenet træ – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Forstenet træ" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holzstein" title="Holzstein – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Holzstein" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%B8%CF%89%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%BF_%CE%BE%CF%8D%CE%BB%CE%BF" title="Απολιθωμένο ξύλο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Απολιθωμένο ξύλο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosque_petrificado" title="Bosque petrificado – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bosque petrificado" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%88%D8%A8_%D8%B3%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D8%AF%D9%87" title="چوب سنگی‌شده – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="چوب سنگی‌شده" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bois_p%C3%A9trifi%C3%A9" title="Bois pétrifié – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bois pétrifié" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foraois_chlochraithe" title="Foraois chlochraithe – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Foraois chlochraithe" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%9D%ED%99%94%EB%AA%A9" title="석화목 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="석화목" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%A1%D5%AE_%D6%83%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%BF" title="Քարացած փայտ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քարացած փայտ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fosil_kayu" title="Fosil kayu – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Fosil kayu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foresta_fossile" title="Foresta fossile – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Foresta fossile" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%A5_%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%95%D7%91%D7%9F" title="עץ מאובן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עץ מאובן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bat%C3%BAng_kali%C3%BAs" title="Batúng kaliús – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Batúng kaliús" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kayu_batu" title="Kayu batu – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kayu batu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Versteend_hout" title="Versteend hout – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Versteend hout" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%83%E0%AC%A4_%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A0" title="ପ୍ରସ୍ତରିକୃତ କାଠ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ପ୍ରସ୍ତରିକୃତ କାଠ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malakonac_a_kilang" title="Malakonac a kilang – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Malakonac a kilang" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skrzemienia%C5%82e_drewno" title="Skrzemieniałe drewno – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Skrzemieniałe drewno" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeira_petrificada" title="Madeira petrificada – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Madeira petrificada" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%83dure_pietrificat%C4%83" title="Pădure pietrificată – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pădure pietrificată" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Окаменелое дерево – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Окаменелое дерево" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrified_wood" title="Petrified wood – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Petrified wood" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okameneli_les" title="Okameneli les – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Okameneli les" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kivettynyt_puu" title="Kivettynyt puu – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kivettynyt puu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B6rstenat_tr%C3%A4" title="Förstenat trä – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Förstenat trä" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B6%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="ซากดึกดำบรรพ์ไม้กลายเป็นหิน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ซากดึกดำบรรพ์ไม้กลายเป็นหิน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ta%C5%9Fla%C5%9Fm%C4%B1%C5%9F_orman" title="Taşlaşmış orman – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Taşlaşmış orman" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82" title="Ксилоліт – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ксилоліт" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E5%8C%96%E6%9C%A8" title="石化木 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="石化木" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E5%8C%96%E6%9C%A8" title="石化木 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="石化木" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q837117#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li 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class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Geopersona" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:Geopersona">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/Geopersona" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/Geopersona">contribs</a>)</span></span> at <span id="mw-revision-date">09:23, 2 January 2021</span><span id="mw-revision-summary"> <span class="comment">(<span class="autocomment"><a href="#Europe">→<bdi dir="ltr">Europe</bdi></a>: </span> UK's submerged forests are not petrified wood, but simply wood!)</span></span>. The present address (URL) is a <a href="/wiki/Help:Permanent_link" title="Help:Permanent link">permanent link</a> to this revision, which may differ significantly from the <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrified_wood">current revision</a></span>.</b></p><div id="revision-info-plain" style="display: none;">Revision as of 09:23, 2 January 2021 by <a href="/wiki/User:Geopersona" class="mw-userlink" title="User:Geopersona" data-mw-revid="997806627"><bdi>Geopersona</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Geopersona" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:Geopersona">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/Geopersona" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/Geopersona">contribs</a>)</span> <span class="comment">(<span class="autocomment"><a href="#Europe">→<bdi dir="ltr">Europe</bdi></a>: </span> UK's submerged forests are not petrified wood, but simply wood!)</span></div></div><div id="mw-revision-nav">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Petrified_wood&diff=prev&oldid=997806627" title="Petrified wood">diff</a>) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Petrified_wood&direction=prev&oldid=997806627" title="Petrified wood">← Previous revision</a> | <a href="/wiki/Petrified_wood" title="Petrified wood">Latest revision</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Petrified_wood&diff=cur&oldid=997806627" title="Petrified wood">diff</a>) | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Petrified_wood&direction=next&oldid=997806627" title="Petrified wood">Newer revision →</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Petrified_wood&diff=next&oldid=997806627" title="Petrified wood">diff</a>)</div></div></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Petrified forest" redirects here. For a list of petrified forests, see <a href="#Locations">§ Locations</a>. For the 1936 film, see <a href="/wiki/The_Petrified_Forest" title="The Petrified Forest">The Petrified Forest</a>. For the Japanese film, see <a href="/wiki/The_Petrified_Forest_(1973_film)" title="The Petrified Forest (1973 film)">The Petrified Forest (1973 film)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Petrified_wood" title="Special:EditPage/Petrified wood">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Petrified+wood%22">"Petrified wood"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Petrified+wood%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Petrified+wood%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Petrified+wood%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Petrified+wood%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Petrified+wood%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2008</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Polished_slice_of_petrified_wood.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Polished_slice_of_petrified_wood.jpg/250px-Polished_slice_of_petrified_wood.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="303" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Polished_slice_of_petrified_wood.jpg/375px-Polished_slice_of_petrified_wood.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Polished_slice_of_petrified_wood.jpg/500px-Polished_slice_of_petrified_wood.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2362" data-file-height="2861" /></a><figcaption>Polished slice of a petrified tree from the <a href="/wiki/Late_Triassic" title="Late Triassic">Late Triassic</a> <a href="/wiki/Epoch_(geology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Epoch (geology)">Epoch</a> (approximately 230 million years ago) found in <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a>. The remains of insects can be detected in an enlarged image.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PetrifiedWood.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/PetrifiedWood.jpg/220px-PetrifiedWood.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/PetrifiedWood.jpg/330px-PetrifiedWood.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/PetrifiedWood.jpg/440px-PetrifiedWood.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Petrified log at the <a href="/wiki/Petrified_Forest_National_Park" title="Petrified Forest National Park">Petrified Forest National Park</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Petrified wood</b> (from the Latin root <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">petro</i></span> meaning 'rock' or 'stone'; literally 'wood turned into stone') is the name given to a special type of <a href="/wiki/Fossil" title="Fossil">fossilized</a> remains of <a href="/wiki/Terrestrial_plant" title="Terrestrial plant">terrestrial vegetation</a>. Petrifaction is the result of a <a href="/wiki/Tree" title="Tree">tree</a> or tree-like plants having been replaced by stone via a mineralization process that often includes <a href="/wiki/Permineralization" title="Permineralization">permineralization</a> and replacement.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Carbon-based_life" title="Carbon-based life">organic materials</a> making up cell walls have been replicated with <a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">minerals</a> (mostly a <a href="/wiki/Silicate" title="Silicate">silicate</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Opal" title="Opal">opal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chalcedony" title="Chalcedony">chalcedony</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Quartz" title="Quartz">quartz</a>). In some instances, the original structure of the stem tissue may be partially retained. Unlike other plant fossils, which are typically impressions or compressions, petrified wood is a three-dimensional representation of the original organic material. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Petrifaction" title="Petrifaction">petrifaction</a> process occurs underground, when wood becomes buried in water-saturated <a href="/wiki/Sediment" title="Sediment">sediment</a> or <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_ash" title="Volcanic ash">volcanic ash</a>. The presence of water reduces the availability of <a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">oxygen</a> which inhibits aerobic decomposition by bacteria and fungi. Mineral-laden water flowing through the sediments may lead to permineralization, which occurs when minerals precipitate out of solution filling the interiors of cells and other empty spaces. During replacement, the plant's <a href="/wiki/Cell_(biology)" title="Cell (biology)">cell</a> walls act as a template for mineralization.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There needs to be a balance between the decay of <a href="/wiki/Cellulose" title="Cellulose">cellulose</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lignin" title="Lignin">lignin</a> and mineral templating for cellular detail to be preserved with fidelity. Most of the organic matter often <a href="/wiki/Decomposition" title="Decomposition">decomposes</a>, however some of the lignin may remain.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Silica in the form of Opal-A, can encrust and permeate wood relatively quickly in hot spring environments.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, petrified wood is most commonly associated with trees that were buried in fine grained sediments of deltas and floodplains or volcanic lahars and ash beds.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Forest" title="Forest">forest</a> where such material has petrified becomes known as a <b>petrified forest</b>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Elements">Elements</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Polished_petrified_wood_cells.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Polished_petrified_wood_cells.jpg/220px-Polished_petrified_wood_cells.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Polished_petrified_wood_cells.jpg/330px-Polished_petrified_wood_cells.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Polished_petrified_wood_cells.jpg/440px-Polished_petrified_wood_cells.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>The outline of cells visible in a segment of petrified wood</figcaption></figure> <p>Elements such as <a href="/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese">manganese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">iron</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">copper</a> in the water/mud during the petrification process give petrified wood a variety of color ranges. Pure <a href="/wiki/Quartz" title="Quartz">quartz</a> <a href="/wiki/Crystal" title="Crystal">crystals</a> are colorless, but when contaminants are added to the process the crystals take on a yellow, red, or another tint. </p><p>Following is a list of contaminating elements and related color hues:<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon">carbon</a> – black</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromium" title="Chromium">chromium</a> – green/blue</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cobalt" title="Cobalt">cobalt</a> – green/blue</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">copper</a> – green/blue</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_oxide" title="Iron oxide">iron oxides</a> – red, brown, and yellow</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese">manganese</a> – pink/orange</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manganese_oxide" title="Manganese oxide">manganese oxides</a> – blackish/yellow</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicon_dioxide" title="Silicon dioxide">silicon dioxide</a> – clear/white/grey</li></ul> <p>Petrified wood can preserve the original structure of the stem in all its detail, down to the microscopic level. Structures such as <a href="/wiki/Tree_ring" class="mw-redirect" title="Tree ring">tree rings</a> and the various tissues are often observed features. </p><p>Petrified wood is a fossil in which the organic remains have been replaced by minerals in the slow process of being replaced with stone. This petrification process generally results in a quartz chalcedony mineralization. Special rare conditions must be met in order for the fallen stem to be transformed into fossil wood or petrified wood. In general, the fallen plants get buried in an environment free of oxygen (anaerobic environment), which preserves the original plant structure and general appearance. The other conditions include regular access to mineral-rich water in contact with the tissues, replacing the organic plant structure with inorganic minerals. The end result is petrified wood, a plant, with its original basic structure in place, replaced by stone. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2></div> <p>Following the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a> in the United States during the 1930s, people began flocking to the mountains and deserts hoping to discover any sort of rock, stone or gem that could be turned into jewelry as a source of income. An assortment of rock was discovered which included petrified woods. "Rockhounding", as hobbyists would call it, became very popular. Many rock clubs began to establish throughout the United States. Soon after <a href="/wiki/Collecting" title="Collecting">collectors</a> started setting up rock shops where they were able to sell their merchandise to the public. As years went by rockhounders would perfect their craft at making <a href="/wiki/Jewelry" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewelry">jewelry</a> using all sorts of different techniques, equipment, and molds. Having experience with their craft, first-generation rockhounders would soon teach fellow amateurs their skills.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Petrified wood can be used in jewelry, in folk medicine and sawed in slabs for table tops and clock faces. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Locations">Locations</h2></div> <p>Areas with a large number of petrified trees include: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Africa">Africa</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ElKurruPetrified_Wood.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/ElKurruPetrified_Wood.jpg/220px-ElKurruPetrified_Wood.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/ElKurruPetrified_Wood.jpg/330px-ElKurruPetrified_Wood.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/ElKurruPetrified_Wood.jpg/440px-ElKurruPetrified_Wood.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption>Chunk of petrified wood near El Kurru (Northern Sudan)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Petrified_tree_trunk_and_Welwitschia_(Namibia).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Petrified_tree_trunk_and_Welwitschia_%28Namibia%29.jpg/220px-Petrified_tree_trunk_and_Welwitschia_%28Namibia%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Petrified_tree_trunk_and_Welwitschia_%28Namibia%29.jpg/330px-Petrified_tree_trunk_and_Welwitschia_%28Namibia%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Petrified_tree_trunk_and_Welwitschia_%28Namibia%29.jpg/440px-Petrified_tree_trunk_and_Welwitschia_%28Namibia%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4697" data-file-height="3079" /></a><figcaption>Petrified log and <a href="/wiki/Welwitschia" title="Welwitschia">Welwitschia</a> at <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a> <a href="/wiki/Petrified_forest,_Khorixas" title="Petrified forest, Khorixas">Petrified forest</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Egypt – petrified forest in Cairo-Suez road, declared a national protectorate by the ministry of environment, also in the area of <a href="/wiki/New_Cairo" title="New Cairo">New Cairo</a> at the Extension of <a href="/wiki/Nasr_City" title="Nasr City">Nasr City</a>, El Qattamiyya, near El <a href="/wiki/Maadi" title="Maadi">Maadi</a> district, and <a href="/wiki/Farafra,_Egypt" title="Farafra, Egypt">Al Farafra</a> oasis.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Libya – <a href="/wiki/Great_Sand_Sea" title="Great Sand Sea">Great Sand Sea</a> – Hundreds of square miles of petrified trunks, branches and other debris mixed with Stone Age artifacts<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>Madagascar – Northwest Coast<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Namibia – <a href="/wiki/Petrified_forest,_Khorixas" title="Petrified forest, Khorixas">petrified forest of Damaraland</a></li> <li>Sudan – petrified forest north of <a href="/wiki/El-Kurru" title="El-Kurru">El-Kurru</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Asia">Asia</h3></div> <ul><li>China – in the <a href="/wiki/Dzungaria" title="Dzungaria">Junggar Basin</a> of <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a>, northwest <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> government has issued a crackdown on collecting of this material.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>India – protected geological sites known for petrified wood are the <a href="/wiki/National_Fossil_Wood_Park,_Tiruvakkarai" title="National Fossil Wood Park, Tiruvakkarai">National Fossil Wood Park, Tiruvakkarai</a> (20-million-year-old fossils) and the <a href="/wiki/Akal_Wood_Fossil_Park" title="Akal Wood Fossil Park">Akal Wood Fossil Park</a> (180-million-year-old fossils). Petrified wood has also been discovered in <a href="/wiki/Dholavira" title="Dholavira">Dholavira</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kutch" class="mw-redirect" title="Kutch">Kutch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a>, dating back to 187–176 million years.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Japan - there is a fossilized forest preserved at <a href="/wiki/Sendai_City_Tomizawa_Site_Museum" title="Sendai City Tomizawa Site Museum">Sendai City Tomizawa Site Museum</a></li> <li>Indonesia – petrified wood covers several area in <a href="/wiki/Banten" title="Banten">Banten</a> and also in some part of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Halimun_Salak_National_Park" title="Mount Halimun Salak National Park">Mount Halimun Salak National Park</a>.</li> <li>Israel – several examples of petrified wood occur in the <a href="/wiki/HaMakhtesh_HaGadol" title="HaMakhtesh HaGadol">HaMakhtesh HaGadol</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Negev" title="Negev">Negev</a> desert.</li> <li>Pakistan - Sindh - Dadu - Petrified Forest at Khirthar National Park</li> <li>Saudi Arabia – petrified forest north of Riyadh<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>Thailand – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bantak_Petrified_Forest_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bantak Petrified Forest Park (page does not exist)">Bantak Petrified Forest Park</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ban_Tak_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Ban Tak District">Ban Tak District</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oceania">Oceania</h3></div> <ul><li>Australia – has deposits of petrified and <a href="/wiki/Wood_opal" class="mw-redirect" title="Wood opal"> opalized wood</a>. <a href="/wiki/Chinchilla,_Queensland" title="Chinchilla, Queensland">Chinchilla, Queensland</a> is famous for its 'Chinchilla Red'.</li> <li>New Zealand: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Curio_Bay" title="Curio Bay">Curio Bay</a> on <a href="/wiki/The_Catlins" title="The Catlins">The Catlins</a> coast contains many petrified wood examples.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Pupuke" title="Lake Pupuke">Fossil Forest, Takapuna</a>, Auckland, New Zealand</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europe">Europe</h3></div> <ul><li>Belgium – Geosite Goudberg near <a href="/wiki/Hoegaarden" title="Hoegaarden">Hoegaarden</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Czech Republic, <a href="/wiki/Nov%C3%A1_Paka" title="Nová Paka">Nová Paka</a> – The most famous locality on <a href="/wiki/Permian" title="Permian">Permian</a>–<a href="/wiki/Carboniferous" title="Carboniferous">Carboniferous</a> rocks in the Czech Republic.</li> <li>France – petrified forest in the village of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Champclauson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Champclauson (page does not exist)">Champclauson</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>Georgia – <a href="/wiki/Goderdzi_Petrified_Forest_Natural_Monument" title="Goderdzi Petrified Forest Natural Monument">Goderdzi Petrified Forest Natural Monument</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Germany – the museum of natural history in <a href="/wiki/Chemnitz" title="Chemnitz">Chemnitz</a> has a collection of petrified trees, from the in situ <a href="/wiki/Chemnitz_petrified_forest" title="Chemnitz petrified forest">Chemnitz petrified forest</a>, found in the town since 1737.</li> <li>Greece – <a href="/wiki/Petrified_forest_of_Lesbos" class="mw-redirect" title="Petrified forest of Lesbos">Petrified forest of Lesvos</a>, at the western tip of the island of <a href="/wiki/Lesbos" title="Lesbos">Lesbos</a>, is possibly the largest of the petrified forests, covering an area of over 150 km<sup>2</sup> (58 sq mi) and declared a National Monument in 1985. Large, upright trunks complete with root systems can be found, as well as trunks up to 22 m in length.</li> <li>Italy: <ul><li><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Foresta fossile di Dunarobba</i></span>, petrified forest near <a href="/wiki/Avigliano_Umbro" title="Avigliano Umbro">Avigliano Umbro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Umbria" title="Umbria">Umbria</a> (Central Italy), age <a href="/wiki/Piacenzian" title="Piacenzian">Piacenzian</a>.</li> <li><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Foresta pietrificata di Zuri – Soddì</i></span>, petrified forest near <a href="/wiki/Sodd%C3%AC" title="Soddì">Soddì</a> (<a href="/wiki/Province_of_Oristano" title="Province of Oristano">Province of Oristano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sardinia" title="Sardinia">Sardinia</a>), age <a href="/wiki/Chattian" title="Chattian">Chattian</a>–<a href="/wiki/Aquitanian_(stage)" title="Aquitanian (stage)">Aquitanian</a>.</li></ul></li> <li>Ukraine – petrified <a href="/wiki/Araucaria" title="Araucaria">araucaria</a> trunks near <a href="/wiki/Druzhkivka" title="Druzhkivka">Druzhkivka</a></li> <li>United Kingdom <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fossil_Grove" title="Fossil Grove">Fossil Grove</a>, Glasgow, Scotland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fossil_Forest,_Dorset" title="Fossil Forest, Dorset">Fossil Forest, Dorset</a>, England</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North_America">North America</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Petrified_Forest_National_Park_Wood.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Petrified_Forest_National_Park_Wood.jpg/220px-Petrified_Forest_National_Park_Wood.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Petrified_Forest_National_Park_Wood.jpg/330px-Petrified_Forest_National_Park_Wood.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Petrified_Forest_National_Park_Wood.jpg/440px-Petrified_Forest_National_Park_Wood.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>Petrified logs at Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona, USA</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Canada – in the <a href="/wiki/Badlands" title="Badlands">badlands</a> of southern <a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a>; petrified wood is the provincial stone of Alberta. <a href="/wiki/Axel_Heiberg_Island" title="Axel Heiberg Island">Axel Heiberg Island</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nunavut" title="Nunavut">Nunavut</a> has a large petrified forest. In and around the North Saskatchewan river, around the <a href="/wiki/Edmonton" title="Edmonton">Edmonton</a> area. Blanche Brook, in Stephenville, Newfoundland, has 305-million-year-old examples.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>United States – petrified wood sites include: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lemmon,_South_Dakota#Sites_of_interest" title="Lemmon, South Dakota">Petrified Wood Park</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lemmon,_South_Dakota" title="Lemmon, South Dakota">Lemmon, South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginkgo_Petrified_Forest_State_Park" title="Ginkgo Petrified Forest State Park">Ginkgo/Wanapum State Park</a> in <a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrified_Forest_National_Park" title="Petrified Forest National Park">Petrified Forest National Park</a> in <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrified_Forest_(California)" title="Petrified Forest (California)">Petrified Forest</a> in <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Petrified_Forest" title="Mississippi Petrified Forest">Mississippi Petrified Forest</a> in <a href="/wiki/Flora,_Mississippi" title="Flora, Mississippi">Flora, Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florissant_Fossil_Beds_National_Monument" class="mw-redirect" title="Florissant Fossil Beds National Monument">Florissant Fossil Beds National Monument</a> near <a href="/wiki/Florissant,_Colorado" title="Florissant, Colorado">Florissant, Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellowstone_Petrified_Forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Yellowstone Petrified Forest">Yellowstone Petrified Forest</a> and Gallatin Petrified Forest, <a href="/wiki/Yellowstone_National_Park" title="Yellowstone National Park">Yellowstone National Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li> <li>The south unit of <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_National_Park" title="Theodore Roosevelt National Park">Theodore Roosevelt National Park</a> outside <a href="/wiki/Medora,_North_Dakota" title="Medora, North Dakota">Medora, North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilboa_Fossil_Forest" title="Gilboa Fossil Forest">Gilboa Fossil Forest</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Hills_Petrified_Forest&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Black Hills Petrified Forest (page does not exist)">Black Hills Petrified Forest</a> in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Piedmont,&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Piedmont, (page does not exist)">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escalante_Petrified_Forest_State_Park" title="Escalante Petrified Forest State Park">Escalante Petrified Forest State Park</a> in <a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agate_Desert" title="Agate Desert">Agate Desert</a> in the Upper Rogue River Valley near <a href="/wiki/Medford,_Oregon" title="Medford, Oregon">Medford, Oregon</a></li> <li>Fossil Forest in the <a href="/wiki/Catskill_Mountains" title="Catskill Mountains">Catskill</a> region near <a href="/wiki/Cairo,_New_York" title="Cairo, New York">Cairo, New York</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley_of_Fire_State_Park" title="Valley of Fire State Park">Valley of Fire State Park</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_America">South America</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Parque_paleobot%C3%A2nico_de_Mata..JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Parque_paleobot%C3%A2nico_de_Mata..JPG/220px-Parque_paleobot%C3%A2nico_de_Mata..JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Parque_paleobot%C3%A2nico_de_Mata..JPG/330px-Parque_paleobot%C3%A2nico_de_Mata..JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Parque_paleobot%C3%A2nico_de_Mata..JPG/440px-Parque_paleobot%C3%A2nico_de_Mata..JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Petrified log in Paleorrota geopark, Brazil</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Puyango_fossil_tree_02.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Puyango_fossil_tree_02.JPG/220px-Puyango_fossil_tree_02.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Puyango_fossil_tree_02.JPG/330px-Puyango_fossil_tree_02.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Puyango_fossil_tree_02.JPG/440px-Puyango_fossil_tree_02.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3344" data-file-height="1872" /></a><figcaption>Puyango petrified forest, Ecuador</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Argentina – the <a href="/wiki/Petrified_Forest_(Sarmiento)" title="Petrified Forest (Sarmiento)">Sarmiento Petrified Forest</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bosques_Petrificados_de_Jaramillo_National_Park" title="Bosques Petrificados de Jaramillo National Park">Jaramillo Petrified Forest</a> in <a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_Province_(Argentina)" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Cruz Province (Argentina)">Santa Cruz Province</a> in the Argentine <a href="/wiki/Patagonia" title="Patagonia">Patagonia</a> have many trees that measure more than 3 m (9.8 ft) in diameter and 30 m (98 ft) long.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Brazil: <ul><li>in the <a href="/wiki/Geopark" title="Geopark">geopark</a> of Paleorrota, there is a vast area with petrified trees.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In the Heritage forest</li> <li><span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt"><a href="/wiki/Monumento_Natural_das_%C3%81rvores_Fossilizadas" class="mw-redirect" title="Monumento Natural das Árvores Fossilizadas">Monumento Natural das Árvores Fossilizadas</a></i></span> ('Fossil Trees Natural Monument') in <a href="/wiki/Tocantins" title="Tocantins">Tocantins</a>: petrified forests of <a href="/wiki/Dicksoniaceae" title="Dicksoniaceae">dicksoniaceae</a> (specifically <i><a href="/wiki/Psaronius" title="Psaronius">Psaronius</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Tietea_singularis" class="mw-redirect" title="Tietea singularis">Tietea singularis</a></i>) and arthropitys</li> <li>Petrified forests of dicksoniaceae (specifically <i>Psaronius</i> and <i>Tietea singularis</i>) and arthropitys can also be found in the state of <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo_(state)" title="São Paulo (state)">São Paulo</a><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">Floresta Fóssil de Teresina</i></span> near <a href="/wiki/Poti_River" title="Poti River">Rio Poti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Piau%C3%AD" title="Piauí">Piauí</a>, <a href="/wiki/Permian" title="Permian">Permian</a> (around 280–270 million years ago).</li></ul></li> <li>Ecuador – <a href="/wiki/Puyango_Petrified_Forest" title="Puyango Petrified Forest">Puyango Petrified Forest</a> – One of the largest collections of petrified wood in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Petrified_Wood_Wooster.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Polished petrified wood"><img alt="Polished petrified wood" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Petrified_Wood_Wooster.jpg/120px-Petrified_Wood_Wooster.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Petrified_Wood_Wooster.jpg/180px-Petrified_Wood_Wooster.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Petrified_Wood_Wooster.jpg/240px-Petrified_Wood_Wooster.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2680" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Polished petrified wood</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Petrified_wood_closeup_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Polished slice of petrified wood"><img alt="Polished slice of petrified wood" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Petrified_wood_closeup_2.jpg/120px-Petrified_wood_closeup_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Petrified_wood_closeup_2.jpg/180px-Petrified_wood_closeup_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Petrified_wood_closeup_2.jpg/240px-Petrified_wood_closeup_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Polished slice of petrified wood</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amethyst_Mountain" title="Amethyst Mountain">Amethyst Mountain</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Araucarioxylon_arizonicum" title="Araucarioxylon arizonicum">Araucarioxylon arizonicum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fossil_wood" title="Fossil wood">Fossil wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jet_(lignite)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jet (lignite)">Jet (lignite)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Palmoxylon" title="Palmoxylon">Palmoxylon</a></i> (petrified palmwood)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submerged_forest" title="Submerged forest">Submerged forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood_opal" class="mw-redirect" title="Wood opal">Wood opal</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://home.hccnet.nl/Jacob.Leloux/hoegaarden.html">the original</a> on July 13, 2004.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+petrified+forest+near+Hoegaarden&rft.date=2001-05-25&rft.au=Jacob+Leloux&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhome.hccnet.nl%2FJacob.Leloux%2Fhoegaarden.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APetrified+wood" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_in_situ_Glyptostroboxylon_forest_of_Hoegaarden_(Belgium)_at_the_Initial_Eocene_Thermal_Maximum_(55_Ma)M._Fairon-Demaret,_E._Steurbaut,_F._Damblon,_C._Dupuis,_T._Smith,_P._Gerrienne2003" class="citation journal cs1">The in situ Glyptostroboxylon forest of Hoegaarden (Belgium) at the Initial Eocene Thermal Maximum (55 Ma)M. 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Hudson Institute of Mineralogy<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 14,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mindat.org&rft.atitle=Petrified+Wood+from+Goudberg%2C+Hoegaarden%2C+Flemish+Brabant+Province%2C+Belgium&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mindat.org%2Flocentry-767817.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APetrified+wood" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apa.gov.ge/en/protected-areas/Naturalmonument/goderdzis-namarxi-tyis-bunebis-dzegli">"Goderdzi Petrified Forest Natural Monument"</a>. Agency of Protected Areas of Georgia<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.riogrande.com.br/turismo/mata_mapeamento.htm">the original</a> on 2012-02-07.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=RS+VIRTUAL+%E2%80%93+O+Rio+Grande+do+Sul+na+Internet&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.riogrande.com.br%2Fturismo%2Fmata_mapeamento.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APetrified+wood" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/FAPESP" class="mw-redirect" title="FAPESP">FAPESP</a> Research Magazine – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://revistapesquisa.fapesp.br/en/2013/10/07/its-a-stick-its-a-stone/">Edition 210 – August 2013</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnon" class="citation web cs1">Anon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vivatravelguides.com/south-america/ecuador/ecuador-articles/the-petrified-forest-of-puyango/">"The Petrified Forest of Puyango"</a>. <i>Viva travel guides</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Viva+travel+guides&rft.atitle=The+Petrified+Forest+of+Puyango&rft.au=Anon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vivatravelguides.com%2Fsouth-america%2Fecuador%2Fecuador-articles%2Fthe-petrified-forest-of-puyango%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APetrified+wood" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Petrified_wood" class="extiw" title="commons:Petrified wood"><span style="font-style:italic; 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