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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logga in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Sidor för utloggade redigerare <a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%A4lp:Introduktion" aria-label="Läs mer om redigering"><span>läs mer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Mina_bidrag" title="En lista över redigeringar från denna IP-adress [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bidrag</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Min_diskussion" title="Diskussion om redigeringar från det här IP-numret [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inledning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Historia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Historia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Historia</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Historia_i_Sverige" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia_i_Sverige"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Historia i Sverige</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historia_i_Sverige-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historia_i_Finland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia_i_Finland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Historia i Finland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historia_i_Finland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inriktningar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inriktningar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Inriktningar</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Inriktningar-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Inriktningar</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Inriktningar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Konvertiter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Konvertiter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Konvertiter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Konvertiter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hemmahörighet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hemmahörighet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Hemmahörighet</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Hemmahörighet-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Hemmahörighet</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Hemmahörighet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Israel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Israel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Israel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Israel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Judar_utanför_Israel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judar_utanför_Israel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Judar utanför Israel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judar_utanför_Israel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Genetiska_studier" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genetiska_studier"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Genetiska studier</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Genetiska_studier-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Se_även" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Se_även"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Se även</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Se_även-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referenser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referenser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Referenser</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Referenser-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Referenser</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Referenser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Noter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Noter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Noter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Noter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Övriga_källor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Övriga_källor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Övriga källor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Övriga_källor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vidare_läsning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vidare_läsning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Vidare läsning</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vidare_läsning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externa_länkar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externa_länkar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Externa länkar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externa_länkar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innehåll" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Innehållsförteckning" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Växla innehållsförteckningen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Växla innehållsförteckningen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Judar</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå till en artikel på ett annat språk. Tillgänglig på 151 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-151" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">151 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jode" title="Jode – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Jode" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%87%D9%88%D8%AF" title="يهود – arabiska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="يهود" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chodigos" title="Chodigos – aragonesiska" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Chodigos" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%9D%DC%97%DC%98%DC%95%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܝܗܘܕܝܐ – arameiska" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܝܗܘܕܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="arameiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pueblu_xud%C3%ADu" title="Pueblu xudíu – asturiska" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Pueblu xudíu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hudioku%C3%A9ra" title="Hudiokuéra – guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Hudiokuéra" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%8C%D1%83%D1%82%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="ЖугьутӀал – avariska" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="ЖугьутӀал" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C9%99hudil%C9%99r" title="Yəhudilər – azerbajdzjanska" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yəhudilər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdzjanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%87%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%B1" title="یهودیلر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="یهودیلر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF" title="ইহুদি – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইহুদি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%BB-th%C3%A0i-l%C3%A2ng" title="Iû-thài-lâng – min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Iû-thài-lâng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D3%99%D2%BB%D2%AF%D0%B4%D1%82%D3%99%D1%80" title="Йәһүдтәр – basjkiriska" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Йәһүдтәр" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="basjkiriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%9E%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%96" title="Яўрэі – belarusiska" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Яўрэі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%96" title="Габрэі – belarusiska (tarasjkevitsa)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Габрэі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="belarusiska (tarasjkevitsa)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B8" title="Евреи – bulgariska" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Евреи" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judn" title="Judn – bayerska" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Judn" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bayerska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jevreji" title="Jevreji – bosniska" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Jevreji" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuzevien" title="Yuzevien – bretonska" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Yuzevien" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D2%AF%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8D%D2%BB%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Еврей үндэһэтэн – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Еврей үндэһэтэн" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jueus" title="Jueus – katalanska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Jueus" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Еврейсем – tjuvasjiska" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Еврейсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tjuvasjiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hudiyo" title="Hudiyo – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Hudiyo" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDid%C3%A9" title="Židé – tjeckiska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Židé" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjeckiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vajudha" title="Vajudha – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Vajudha" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebreu" title="Ebreu – korsikanska" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Ebreu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korsikanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iddewon" title="Iddewon – walesiska" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Iddewon" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahuda" title="Yahuda – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Yahuda" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B8der" title="Jøder – danska" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Jøder" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%87%D9%88%D8%AF" title="يهود – marockansk arabiska" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="يهود" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="marockansk arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juden" title="Juden – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Juden" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juudid" title="Juudid – estniska" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Juudid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%B2%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%BF%CE%B9" title="Εβραίοι – grekiska" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εβραίοι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jews" title="Jews – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Jews" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pueblo_jud%C3%ADo" title="Pueblo judío – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pueblo judío" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judoj" title="Judoj – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Judoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judu" title="Judu – baskiska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Judu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%87%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86" title="یهودیان – persiska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="یهودیان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B8dar" title="Jødar – färöiska" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Jødar" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="färöiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juifs" title="Juifs – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Juifs" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joaden" title="Joaden – västfrisiska" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Joaden" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="västfrisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahuudinko%27en" title="Yahuudinko'en – fulani" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Yahuudinko'en" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="fulani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ewnyn" title="Ewnyn – manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Ewnyn" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87%C4%B1f%C4%B1tlar" title="Çıfıtlar – gagauziska" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Çıfıtlar" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="gagauziska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pobo_xudeu" title="Pobo xudeu – galiciska" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pobo xudeu" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Жугтий – ingusjiska" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Жугтий" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingusjiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8A%D9%87%DB%8A%D8%AF" title="جۊهۊد – gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="جۊهۊد" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8C%B3%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%B4%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%83" title="𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌴𐌹𐍃 – gotiska" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌴𐌹𐍃" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="gotiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C3%B9-thai-ng%C3%ACn" title="Yù-thai-ngìn – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Yù-thai-ngìn" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EB%8C%80%EC%9D%B8" title="유대인 – koreanska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="유대인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahudawa" title="Yahudawa – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Yahudawa" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Հրեաներ – armeniska" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հրեաներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="यहूदी – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="यहूदी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDidovi" title="Židovi – kroatiska" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Židovi" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judi" title="Judi – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Judi" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jew" title="Jew – igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Jew" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_Yahudi" title="Orang Yahudi – indonesiska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Orang Yahudi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judeo" title="Judeo – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Judeo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%B0%D0%B4%C3%A6%D0%BC" title="Дзуттаг адæм – ossetiska" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Дзуттаг адæм" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossetiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gy%C3%B0ingar" title="Gyðingar – isländska" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Gyðingar" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="isländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebrei" title="Ebrei – italienska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ebrei" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italienska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%94%D7%95%D7%93%D7%99%D7%9D" title="יהודים – hebreiska" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יהודים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahudi" title="Yahudi – javanesiska" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Yahudi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B9%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF" title="ಯೆಹೂದ್ಯ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಯೆಹೂದ್ಯ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%83%D1%83%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Чууутлула – karachay-balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Чууутлула" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karachay-balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ებრაელები – georgiska" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ებრაელები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Еврейлер – kazakiska" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Еврейлер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayahudi" title="Wayahudi – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Wayahudi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayuda" title="Bayuda – kikongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Bayuda" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="kikongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jwif" title="Jwif – haitiska" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Jwif" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cih%C3%BB" title="Cihû – kurdiska" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Cihû" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D3%A9%D3%A9%D1%82%D1%82%D3%A9%D1%80" title="Жөөттөр – kirgiziska" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Жөөттөр" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiziska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pueblo_djudio" title="Pueblo djudio – ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Pueblo djudio" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iudaei" title="Iudaei – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Iudaei" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebreji" title="Ebreji – lettiska" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ebreji" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Чувудар – lezghien" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Чувудар" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezghien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDydai" title="Žydai – litauiska" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Žydai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahudi" title="Yahudi – nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Yahudi" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="nias" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zsid%C3%B3k" title="Zsidók – ungerska" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Zsidók" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungerska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B8" title="Евреи – makedonska" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Евреи" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiosy" title="Jiosy – malagassiska" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Jiosy" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagassiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%BB" title="ജൂതൻ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജൂതൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lhud" title="Lhud – maltesiska" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Lhud" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95" title="ज्यू लोक – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ज्यू लोक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="ურიეფი – mingrelianska" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ურიეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelianska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%87%D9%88%D8%AF" title="يهود – egyptisk arabiska" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="يهود" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B0" title="ဂျူ – Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="ဂျူ" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ဘာသာမန်</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%87%D9%88%D8%AF" title="جهود – mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="جهود" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_Yahudi" title="Orang Yahudi – malajiska" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Orang Yahudi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urang_Yahudi" title="Urang Yahudi – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Urang Yahudi" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%B9-t%C3%A1i-n%C3%A8%CC%A4ng" title="Iù-tái-nè̤ng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Iù-tái-nè̤ng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Еврей – mongoliska" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Еврей" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoliska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joden" title="Joden – nederländska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Joden" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeuden" title="Jeuden – lågsaxiska" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Jeuden" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="lågsaxiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A6%E3%83%80%E3%83%A4%E4%BA%BA" title="ユダヤ人 – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ユダヤ人" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%83%D1%8C%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Жуьгтий – tjetjenska" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Жуьгтий" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tjetjenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B8der" title="Jøder – norskt bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Jøder" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norskt bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B8dar" title="Jødar – nynorska" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Jødar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juis" title="Juis – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Juis" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jusieus" title="Jusieus – occitanska" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Jusieus" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahudiylar" title="Yahudiylar – uzbekiska" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Yahudiylar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AF%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80" title="ਯਹੂਦੀ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਯਹੂਦੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%DB%81%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="یہودی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="یہودی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%87%D9%88%D8%AF" title="یهود – pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="یهود" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%87%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9C" title="ជនជាតិជ្វីហ្វ – kambodjanska" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ជនជាតិជ្វីហ្វ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="kambodjanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joden" title="Joden – lågtyska" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Joden" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="lågtyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BBydzi" title="Żydzi – polska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Żydzi" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judeus" title="Judeus – portugisiska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Judeus" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeudiler" title="Yeudiler – krimtatariska" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Yeudiler" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="krimtatariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evrei" title="Evrei – rumänska" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Evrei" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumänska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B8" title="Евреи – rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Евреи" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B8" title="Евреи – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Евреи" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8C%D1%8D%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Дьэбириэйдэр – jakutiska" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Дьэбириэйдэр" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakutiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebreos" title="Ebreos – sardinska" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Ebreos" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardinska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jews" title="Jews – skotska" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Jews" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judejt%C3%AB" title="Judejtë – albanska" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Judejtë" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebbreu" title="Ebbreu – sicilianska" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Ebbreu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilianska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%99%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9D" title="යුදෙවුවෝ – singalesiska" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="යුදෙවුවෝ" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jew" title="Jew – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Jew" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDidia" title="Židia – slovakiska" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Židia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judje" title="Judje – slovenska" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Judje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BBydy" title="Żydy – silesiska" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Żydy" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="silesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%88" title="جوو – centralkurdiska" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="جوو" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="centralkurdiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%B8" title="Јевреји – serbiska" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Јевреји" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jevreji" title="Jevreji – serbokroatiska" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Jevreji" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahudi" title="Yahudi – sundanesiska" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Yahudi" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juutalaiset" title="Juutalaiset – finska" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Juutalaiset" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mga_Hudyo" title="Mga Hudyo – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Mga Hudyo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="யூதர் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="யூதர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D2%BB%D2%AF%D0%B4%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80" title="Яһүдләр – tatariska" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Яһүдләр" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="యూదులు – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="యూదులు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7" title="ชาวยิว – thailändska" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ชาวยิว" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailändska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahudiler" title="Yahudiler – turkiska" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yahudiler" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%CC%B1yahuda" title="A̱yahuda – tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="A̱yahuda" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%84%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%97" title="Євреї – ukrainska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Євреї" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%DB%81%D9%88%D8%AF" title="یہود – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="یہود" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%DB%95%DA%BE%DB%87%D8%AF%D9%89%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="يەھۇدىلار – uiguriska" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="يەھۇدىلار" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uiguriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evrejalai%C5%BEed" title="Evrejalaižed – veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Evrejalaižed" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_Do_Th%C3%A1i" title="Người Do Thái – vietnamesiska" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Người Do Thái" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hudeyo" title="Hudeyo – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Hudeyo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="犹太人 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="犹太人" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%99%D7%93" title="ייד – jiddisch" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ייד" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jiddisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="猶太人 – kantonesiska" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="猶太人" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C4%B1hudi" title="Cıhudi – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Cıhudi" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo%C3%B4d%27n" title="Joôd'n – zeeländska" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Joôd'n" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="zeeländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BD%C4%ABd%C4%81" title="Žīdā – samogitiska" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Žīdā" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="犹太人 – kinesiska" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="犹太人" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebi_Ju" title="Ebi Ju – obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Ebi Ju" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_Judah" title="Orang Judah – ibanska" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Orang Judah" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="ibanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jolma_Yahudi" title="Jolma Yahudi – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Jolma Yahudi" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C9%99hudijon" title="Jəhudijon – talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Jəhudijon" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%93%E2%B4%B7%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%A2%E2%B5%8F" title="ⵓⴷⴰⵢⵏ – marockansk standard-tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵓⴷⴰⵢⵏ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="marockansk standard-tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7325#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redigera interwikilänkar" class="wbc-editpage">Redigera länkar</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namnrymder"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Judar" title="Visa innehållssidan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Senaste_relaterade_%C3%A4ndringar/Judar" rel="nofollow" title="Visa senaste ändringarna av sidor som den här sidan länkar till [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Relaterade ändringar</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judar&oldid=57137284" title="Permanent länk till den här versionen av sidan"><span>Permanent länk</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judar&action=info" title="Mer information om denna sida"><span>Sidinformation</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Citera&page=Judar&id=57137284&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information om hur den här artikeln kan användas som referens"><span>Använd som referens</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsv.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FJudar"><span>Hämta 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</ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> På andra projekt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Jews" hreflang="en"><span>Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7325" title="Länk till anslutet databasobjekt [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-objekt</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sidverktyg"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utseende</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">dölj</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Från Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Omdirigerad från <a href="/w/index.php?title=Judisk&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Judisk">Judisk</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sv" dir="ltr"><div class="noexcerpt noprint hanvisning_bas hatnote"> <dl><dd><i>Den här artikeln handlar om etniciteten <b>judar</b>.  För religionen, se <a href="/wiki/Judendom" title="Judendom">judendom</a>.  </i></dd></dl></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r53696904">.mw-parser-output .infobox{border:1px solid #aaa;background-color:#f9f9f9;color:black;margin:.5em 0 .5em 1em;padding:.2em;float:right;clear:right;width:22em;text-align:left;font-size:88%;line-height:1.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox td,.mw-parser-output .infobox th{vertical-align:top;padding:0 .2em}.mw-parser-output .infobox caption{font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered{border-collapse:collapse}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered th{border:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .borderless td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .borderless th{border:0}.mw-parser-output .infobox-showbutton button,.mw-parser-output .infobox-showbutton .mw-collapsible-text{color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow th{border:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-right:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedrow th{border:0;border-right:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography{border:1px solid #ccd2d9;text-align:left;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em;font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography th{border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedtoprow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedtoprow th{border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedrow th{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow th{border-top:0;border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .maptable td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .maptable th{border:0;padding:0}</style> <table class="infobox" cellspacing="5" style="width: 22em; text-align: center; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em"> <caption style="font-size: larger; font-weight: bold">Judar <br /><small>יְהוּדִים<br />Yehudim<small> </small></small></caption> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Star_of_David.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/200px-Star_of_David.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/300px-Star_of_David.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/400px-Star_of_David.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="693" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Davidsstj%C3%A4rnan" class="mw-redirect" title="Davidsstjärnan">Davidsstjärnan</a> används av judar för att uttrycka judisk religionstillhörighet. </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #b0c4de">Antal sammanlagt </th></tr> <tr> <td>14,6–17,8 miljoner <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Map_of_the_Jewish_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Map_of_the_Jewish_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg/250px-Map_of_the_Jewish_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Map_of_the_Jewish_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg/500px-Map_of_the_Jewish_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="2192" data-file-height="1135" /></a></span>2018 </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #b0c4de">Regioner med betydande antal </th></tr> <tr> <td> <table align="center" style="width: 100%; background: transparent; line-height: 12pt; text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"> <tbody><tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/22px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/33px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/44px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right">6 251 000 <sup id="cite_ref-JPPPI2006_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JPPPI2006-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA"><img alt="USA" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">USA</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right">6 500 000 <sup id="cite_ref-JPPPI2006_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JPPPI2006-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Frankrike" title="Frankrike"><img alt="Frankrike" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/60px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Frankrike" title="Frankrike">Frankrike</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right">492 000 <sup id="cite_ref-JPPPI2006_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JPPPI2006-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada"><img alt="Kanada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanada</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right">373 000 <sup id="cite_ref-JPPPI2006_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JPPPI2006-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Storbritannien" title="Storbritannien"><img alt="Storbritannien" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Storbritannien" title="Storbritannien">Storbritannien</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right">297 000 <sup id="cite_ref-JPPPI2006_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JPPPI2006-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ryssland" title="Ryssland"><img alt="Ryssland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ryssland" title="Ryssland">Ryssland</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right">228 000 <sup id="cite_ref-JPPPI2006_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JPPPI2006-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina"><img alt="Argentina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/22px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/33px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/44px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right">184 000 <sup id="cite_ref-JPPPI2006_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JPPPI2006-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tyskland" title="Tyskland"><img alt="Tyskland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Tyskland" title="Tyskland">Tyskland</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right">118 000 <sup id="cite_ref-JPPPI2006_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JPPPI2006-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Brasilien" title="Brasilien"><img alt="Brasilien" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/40px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/60px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Brasilien" title="Brasilien">Brasilien</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right">96 000 <sup id="cite_ref-JPPPI2006_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JPPPI2006-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Australien" title="Australien"><img alt="Australien" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Australien" title="Australien">Australien</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right">88 831 <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ungern" title="Ungern"><img alt="Ungern" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/40px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/60px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ungern" title="Ungern">Ungern</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right">80 000–100 000 <sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ukraina" title="Ukraina"><img alt="Ukraina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/22px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/33px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/44px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ukraina" title="Ukraina">Ukraina</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right">80 000 <sup id="cite_ref-JPPPI2006_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JPPPI2006-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Övriga </td> <td style="text-align: right">400 000–500 000 </td> <td> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #b0c4de">Språk </th></tr> <tr> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Hebreiska" title="Hebreiska">Hebreiska</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jiddisch" title="Jiddisch">jiddisch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ladino" title="Ladino">ladino</a> och andra judiska språk <br />Judar i diaspora talar dagligdags landets språk, främst <a href="/wiki/Engelska" title="Engelska">engelska</a>, hebreiska, jiddisch, <a href="/wiki/Ryska" title="Ryska">ryska</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #b0c4de">Religion </th></tr> <tr> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Judendom" title="Judendom">Judendom</a> </p> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Albert_Edelfelt_-_Rabbi_Reading_-_A_II_771_3_-_Finnish_National_Gallery.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Albert_Edelfelt_-_Rabbi_Reading_-_A_II_771_3_-_Finnish_National_Gallery.jpg/250px-Albert_Edelfelt_-_Rabbi_Reading_-_A_II_771_3_-_Finnish_National_Gallery.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="337" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Albert_Edelfelt_-_Rabbi_Reading_-_A_II_771_3_-_Finnish_National_Gallery.jpg/375px-Albert_Edelfelt_-_Rabbi_Reading_-_A_II_771_3_-_Finnish_National_Gallery.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Albert_Edelfelt_-_Rabbi_Reading_-_A_II_771_3_-_Finnish_National_Gallery.jpg/500px-Albert_Edelfelt_-_Rabbi_Reading_-_A_II_771_3_-_Finnish_National_Gallery.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1218" data-file-height="1641" /></a><figcaption>Läsande <a href="/wiki/Rabbin" title="Rabbin">rabbi</a> ritad av <a href="/wiki/Albert_Edelfelt" title="Albert Edelfelt">Albert Edelfelt</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Judar</b> (<a href="/wiki/Hebreiska" title="Hebreiska">hebreiska</a>: <span lang="he">יְהוּדִים</span>, <small>hebreiskt uttal: </small><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Internationella_fonetiska_alfabetet" title="Internationella fonetiska alfabetet">[jehuˈdim]</a></span>) är en <a href="/wiki/Etnisk_grupp" title="Etnisk grupp">etno</a>-<a href="/wiki/Religion" title="Religion">religiös</a> grupp som har spridits över världen från det område öster om <a href="/wiki/Medelhavet" title="Medelhavet">Medelhavet</a> som benämns <a href="/wiki/Kanaan" title="Kanaan">Kanaan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palestina_(region)" title="Palestina (region)">Palestina</a> och <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>. Judar som etnisk grupp definieras delvis av sin etniska religion, <a href="/wiki/Judendom" title="Judendom">judendom</a>, men en person kan också vara <a href="/wiki/Ateism" title="Ateism">ateist</a> och fortfarande uppfatta sig som en del av det judiska folket.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Enligt i huvudsak <a href="/wiki/Ortodox_judendom" title="Ortodox judendom">ortodox judisk</a> religiös (<a href="/wiki/Halacha" title="Halacha">halachisk</a>) tradition är en jude någon som fötts av en judisk mor eller konverterat för en erkänd <a href="/wiki/Rabbin" title="Rabbin">rabbin</a>. Ur en sekulär synpunkt är judedom en kulturell identitet, som den enskilde bekräftar eller eventuellt kan avvisa. En person uppvuxen som jude kan därmed frånsäga sig sin judiska identitet ifall han eller hon så önskar. </p><p>Antalet judar i dag är ungefär 13,8 miljoner, varav ungefär 18 000 i <a href="/wiki/Sverige" title="Sverige">Sverige</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judar&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Historia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judar&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Historia"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Enligt <a href="/wiki/Bibeln" title="Bibeln">biblisk</a> tradition var <a href="/wiki/Israeliter" title="Israeliter">Israels folk</a> ursprungligen uppdelade på tolv stammar efter <a href="/wiki/Patriark_(Bibeln)" title="Patriark (Bibeln)">patriarken</a> <a href="/wiki/Jakob_(patriark)" title="Jakob (patriark)">Jakobs</a> söner. Efter <a href="/wiki/Kung" title="Kung">storkonungen</a> <a href="/wiki/Salomo" title="Salomo">Salomos</a> död splittrades riket i två delar på 900-talet f.Kr. Stammarna i det norra riket, <a href="/wiki/Kungariket_Israel_(Samarien)" title="Kungariket Israel (Samarien)">Israel</a>, kom med tiden att assimileras med omgivande folkslag. Dagens judar räknar enligt traditionen sin härkomst från det södra riket, <a href="/wiki/Juda_rike" title="Juda rike">Juda</a>, och stammarna Juda, Benjamin och Levi. Majoriteten av dagens judar, drygt tio miljoner, tillhör den <a href="/wiki/Ashkenazer" title="Ashkenazer">ashkenaziska</a> etniska gruppen.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Det judiska folket är genom sin historia bärare av den judiska religionen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historia_i_Sverige">Historia i Sverige</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judar&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Historia i Sverige" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judar&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Historia i Sverige"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint huvudartikel hatnote" style="font-style:italic;"> <dl><dd>Huvudartikel: <a href="/wiki/Judar_i_Sverige" title="Judar i Sverige">Judar i Sverige</a></dd></dl></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Skandinavien" title="Skandinavien">Skandinaviens</a> första <a href="/wiki/Synagoga" title="Synagoga">synagoga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marstrands_synagoga" title="Marstrands synagoga">Marstrands synagoga</a>, inrättades i <a href="/wiki/Marstrand" title="Marstrand">Marstrand</a>. 1782 fick judar lov att bosätta sig i <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a>, <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6teborg" title="Göteborg">Göteborg</a> och <a href="/wiki/Norrk%C3%B6ping" title="Norrköping">Norrköping</a> genom <a href="/wiki/Judereglementet" title="Judereglementet">judereglementet</a>. Några år senare utsträcktes tillståndet att även gälla <a href="/wiki/Karlskrona" title="Karlskrona">Karlskrona</a>. Först år 1870 fick emellertid svenska judar fulla medborgerliga rättigheter.<sup id="cite_ref-JFG_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JFG-8"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historia_i_Finland">Historia i Finland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judar&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: Historia i Finland" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judar&action=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Historia i Finland"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint huvudartikel hatnote" style="font-style:italic;"> <dl><dd>Huvudartikel: <a href="/wiki/Judar_i_Finland" title="Judar i Finland">Judar i Finland</a></dd></dl></div> <p>Enligt <a href="/wiki/Judereglementet" title="Judereglementet">judereglementet</a> tilläts inga judar i den del av Sverige, som avträddes till <a href="/wiki/Kejsard%C3%B6met_Ryssland" title="Kejsardömet Ryssland">Kejsardömet Ryssland</a> vid <a href="/wiki/Freden_i_Fredrikshamn" title="Freden i Fredrikshamn">freden i Fredrikshamn</a> 1809. Eftersom <a href="/wiki/Svensk_lag" title="Svensk lag">svensk lag</a> (och därigenom judereglementet) fortsatte att gälla i <a href="/wiki/Finland_under_den_ryska_tiden" title="Finland under den ryska tiden">Finland under den ryska tiden</a>, har Finlands judar en helt annan bakgrund än de svenska, men kom av historiska skäl ändå att bli till modersmålet <a href="/wiki/Svenska" title="Svenska">svenskspråkiga</a>, trots att de invandrade som <a href="/wiki/Jiddisch" title="Jiddisch">jiddischtalande</a> <a href="/wiki/Ryssland" title="Ryssland">ryska</a> <a href="/wiki/Kantonering" title="Kantonering">kantonister</a> med början på 1830-talet.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Inriktningar">Inriktningar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judar&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitt: Inriktningar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judar&action=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Inriktningar"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Det finns olika inriktningar i judendomen. De största är <a href="/wiki/Ortodox_judendom" title="Ortodox judendom">ortodox judendom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Konservativ_judendom" title="Konservativ judendom">konservativ judendom</a> och <a href="/wiki/Reformjudendom" title="Reformjudendom">reformjudendom</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Konvertiter">Konvertiter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judar&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitt: Konvertiter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judar&action=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Konvertiter"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Judendomen är en etnisk religion och försöker inte omvända människor<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – den avskräcker vanligtvis till och med att konvertera.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Det är dock fortfarande möjligt att konvertera till judendomen.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Judendomen fokuserar på tron att <a href="/wiki/Gud" title="Gud">Gud</a> har ett förbund med det judiska folket, och att konvertera till judendomen är inte bara en religiös förändring utan det innebär också att gå med i det judiska folket<sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> och därför bli en del av förbundet.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> En konvertit förväntas hålla den judiska lagen.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hemmahörighet"><span id="Hemmah.C3.B6righet"></span>Hemmahörighet</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judar&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitt: Hemmahörighet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judar&action=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Hemmahörighet"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:A_map_of_Canaan_(8343807206).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/A_map_of_Canaan_%288343807206%29.jpg/250px-A_map_of_Canaan_%288343807206%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/A_map_of_Canaan_%288343807206%29.jpg/500px-A_map_of_Canaan_%288343807206%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="7062" data-file-height="5759" /></a><figcaption>Karta över <a href="/wiki/Kanaan" title="Kanaan">Kanaan</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Israel">Israel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judar&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitt: Israel" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judar&action=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Israel"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I judisk religiös tradition har Kanaan eller Israels land räknats som judarnas löftesland sedan Gud lovade <a href="/wiki/Abraham_(patriark)" title="Abraham (patriark)">Abraham</a> landet. </p><p>I förskingringen, den judiska <a href="/wiki/Diaspora" title="Diaspora">diasporan</a>, har önskan om judarnas återvändande sedan <a href="/wiki/Romerska_riket" title="Romerska riket">Romarnas</a> utplånande av Judea reflekterats i flera judiska böner och i välsignelser såsom "Nästa år i <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>" ur Pesach Haggadan.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sionism" title="Sionism">Sionismen</a> växte fram under 1800-talet som modern ideologi men judar hade flyttat tillbaka till området ända sedan <a href="/wiki/Medeltiden" title="Medeltiden">medeltiden</a>. I vågor blev de utvisade av olika <a href="/wiki/Imperium" title="Imperium">imperier</a> men det fanns alltid en judisk närvaro i det område som kallades Palestina ända sedan år 70. I <a href="/wiki/Balfourdeklarationen_(1917)" title="Balfourdeklarationen (1917)">Balfourdeklarationen</a> från 1917 lovade den <a href="/wiki/Storbritannien" title="Storbritannien">brittiske</a> utrikesministern att verka för att en judisk stat skulle bildas i regionen Palestina. Efter <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B6rintelsen" title="Förintelsen">folkmordet på sex miljoner judar</a> under det <a href="/wiki/Andra_v%C3%A4rldskriget" title="Andra världskriget">andra världskriget</a> stärktes den sionistiska saken och de vågor av migration som redan kommit till området skulle komma att förstoras av hundratusentals flyktingar från <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a> och <a href="/wiki/Mellan%C3%B6stern" title="Mellanöstern">Mellanöstern</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Judar_utanför_Israel"><span id="Judar_utanf.C3.B6r_Israel"></span>Judar utanför Israel</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judar&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Redigera avsnitt: Judar utanför Israel" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judar&action=edit&section=8" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Judar utanför Israel"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Det har även under diasporan funnits judar kvar i Palestina som minoritet.<sup id="cite_ref-news_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-news-13"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Majoriteten lever dock fortfarande utanför Israel. </p><p><a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">USA</a> är sedan andra världskriget det land i världen där det bor flest judar - för närvarande<sup style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tidl%C3%B6shet" title="Wikipedia:Tidlöshet">när?</a></i>]</sup> cirka 6 miljoner (2 procent av USA:s folkmängd) – varav 2 miljoner i <a href="/wiki/New_York" title="New York">New Yorks</a> storstadsområde. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Genetiska_studier">Genetiska studier</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judar&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Redigera avsnitt: Genetiska studier" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judar&action=edit&section=9" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Genetiska studier"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Genetiska studier visar att de flesta judar världen över är besläktade och härstammar från Mellanöstern. Deras gener kan spåras bakåt till förfäder som bör ha kommit från <a href="/wiki/Persiska_riket" title="Persiska riket">Persien</a> och <a href="/wiki/Babylon" title="Babylon">Babylon</a>, området som nu utgörs av <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> och <a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irak</a>. Det genetiska trädet visar att för mellan 100 och 150 generationer sedan, det vill säga för cirka 2 500 år sedan, delades ursprungs<a href="/wiki/Population" title="Population">populationen</a> i två delar. Den ena delen har spridit sig i Europa och Nordafrika, medan den andra har stannat i Mellanöstern. Detta sammanfaller med när judarna tvingades i exil under <a href="/wiki/Nebukadnessar_II" title="Nebukadnessar II">Nebukadnessar II</a> i det som kallas den <a href="/wiki/Babyloniska_f%C3%A5ngenskapen" title="Babyloniska fångenskapen">babyloniska fångenskapen</a>. </p><p>Man har även funnit bevis för en stor konverteringsvåg till judendomen under romartiden, då upp emot 10 procent av <a href="/wiki/Romarriket" class="mw-redirect" title="Romarriket">Romarrikets</a> befolkning var judar, vilket beräknas ha varit fem till sju miljoner (av rikets cirka 60 miljoner) invånare.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-news_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-news-13"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Det fanns också några konvertiter till judendomen i det medeltida Europa som gick med i befintliga judiska samfund. Till exempel hade <a href="/wiki/Slaver" title="Slaver">slaviska</a> proselyter en stor inverkan på genetiken hos det judiska samfundet "Erfurt-EU" i <a href="/wiki/Erfurt" title="Erfurt">Erfurt</a>, Tyskland på 1300-talet, och detta visar konventionell forskning,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> och en minskad påverkan på den genetiska sammansättningen av moderna ashkenaziska judar i Östeuropa.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dessutom fanns det mycket lite genetiska bidrag till ashkenazer i Östeuropa från folk som levde i Kaukasus, inklusive <a href="/wiki/Khazarer" title="Khazarer">khazarer</a> och <a href="/wiki/Alaner" title="Alaner">alaner</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Andra judiska samfund hade också många konvertiter som anslöt sig till dem. Marockanska judar från <a href="/wiki/Marocko" title="Marocko">Marocko</a> härstammar från en kombination av Juda folk, nordafrikanska <a href="/wiki/Berber" title="Berber">berber</a> och européer.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Jemenitisk_judendom" title="Jemenitisk judendom">Jemenitiska judar</a> har <a href="/wiki/Mitokondrie-DNA" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitokondrie-DNA">mitokondrie-DNA</a> <a href="/wiki/Haplogrupp" title="Haplogrupp">haplogrupper</a> som också finns bland icke-judiska invånare i <a href="/wiki/Jemen" title="Jemen">Jemen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Forskaren Jon Entine har forskat på bland annat <a href="/wiki/Kohanim" class="mw-redirect" title="Kohanim">kohanim</a>-grupper men han exkluderar så kallade <a href="/wiki/Levit" title="Levit">levitiska</a> grupper av judar, vilket gör att man redan där ser två eller flera grupper inom judendom<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> vilket skulle visa att det råder en viss mångfald bland judar men att just kanske kohanim-grupper har en starkare släktskap gemensamt som möjligen sträcker sig till mellanöstern eller medelhavet. </p><p>På familytreedna.com finns ett judiskt dna-projekt med mer än 1 000 testade. I detta projekt är det flera så kallade <a href="/wiki/Haplogrupp" title="Haplogrupp">haplogrupper</a> som finns registrerade vilket visar på ett blandat ursprung bland de testande. Både dna-grupper från Västeuropa R-M269, Östeuropa R-M512, Levanten (J-M172) och Nordafrika (E-M34) finns överrepresenterade, vilket visar på ett blandat ursprung.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Det finns också italienska och grekiska dna-grupper representerade, och de innehåller också haplogrupper från Nordafrika och resten av Mellanöstern.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Så det är svårt att definiera mellanöstern-dna, då de europeiska länderna vid Medelhavet varit utsatta för konstant blandning av folk från Nordafrika och Levanten ända sedan forntiden, i flera vågor. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_även"><span id="Se_.C3.A4ven"></span>Se även</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judar&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Redigera avsnitt: Se även" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judar&action=edit&section=10" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Se även"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judendomens_historia" title="Judendomens historia">Judendomens historia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referenser">Referenser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judar&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Redigera avsnitt: Referenser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judar&action=edit&section=11" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Referenser"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Benatar, David: What's God got to do with it? Atheism and religious practice. Ratio, 2006, nr 19, s. 383–400.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Noter">Noter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judar&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Redigera avsnitt: Noter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judar&action=edit&section=12" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Noter"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-JPPPI2006-1">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-JPPPI2006_1-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JPPPI2006_1-1"><small>b</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JPPPI2006_1-2"><small>c</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JPPPI2006_1-3"><small>d</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JPPPI2006_1-4"><small>e</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JPPPI2006_1-5"><small>f</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JPPPI2006_1-6"><small>g</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JPPPI2006_1-7"><small>h</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JPPPI2006_1-8"><small>i</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JPPPI2006_1-9"><small>j</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/On-the-eve-of-Independence-Day-Israeli-population-stands-at-8345000-398812">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090710171945/http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/ABSNavigation/prenav/ViewData?action=404&documentproductno=0&documenttype=Details&order=1&tabname=Details&areacode=0&issue=2006&producttype=Census%20Tables&javascript=true&textversion=false&navmapdisplayed=true&breadcrumb=TLPD&&collection=Census&period=2006&productlabel=Religious%20Affiliation%20by%20Age%20-%20Time%20Series%20Statistics%20(1996,%202001,%202006%20Census%20Years)&producttype=Census%20Tables&method=Place%20of%20Usual%20Residence&topic=Religion&">”Folkräkning i Australien 2006”</a>. Arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/ABSNavigation/prenav/ViewData?action=404&documentproductno=0&documenttype=Details&order=1&tabname=Details&areacode=0&issue=2006&producttype=Census%20Tables&javascript=true&textversion=false&navmapdisplayed=true&breadcrumb=TLPD&&collection=Census&period=2006&productlabel=Religious%20Affiliation%20by%20Age%20-%20Time%20Series%20Statistics%20(1996,%202001,%202006%20Census%20Years)&producttype=Census%20Tables&method=Place%20of%20Usual%20Residence&topic=Religion&">originalet</a> den 10 juli 2009<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090710171945/http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/ABSNavigation/prenav/ViewData?action=404&documentproductno=0&documenttype=Details&order=1&tabname=Details&areacode=0&issue=2006&producttype=Census%20Tables&javascript=true&textversion=false&navmapdisplayed=true&breadcrumb=TLPD&&collection=Census&period=2006&productlabel=Religious%20Affiliation%20by%20Age%20-%20Time%20Series%20Statistics%20(1996,%202001,%202006%20Census%20Years)&producttype=Census%20Tables&method=Place%20of%20Usual%20Residence&topic=Religion&">https://web.archive.org/web/20090710171945/http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/ABSNavigation/prenav/ViewData?action=404&documentproductno=0&documenttype=Details&order=1&tabname=Details&areacode=0&issue=2006&producttype=Census%20Tables&javascript=true&textversion=false&navmapdisplayed=true&breadcrumb=TLPD&&collection=Census&period=2006&productlabel=Religious%20Affiliation%20by%20Age%20-%20Time%20Series%20Statistics%20(1996,%202001,%202006%20Census%20Years)&producttype=Census%20Tables&method=Place%20of%20Usual%20Residence&topic=Religion&</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 19 oktober 2008</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Folkr%C3%A4kning+i+Australien+2006&rft.atitle=&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20090710171945%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.censusdata.abs.gov.au%2FABSNavigation%2Fprenav%2FViewData%3Faction%3D404%26documentproductno%3D0%26documenttype%3DDetails%26order%3D1%26tabname%3DDetails%26areacode%3D0%26issue%3D2006%26producttype%3DCensus%2520Tables%26javascript%3Dtrue%26textversion%3Dfalse%26navmapdisplayed%3Dtrue%26breadcrumb%3DTLPD%26%26collection%3DCensus%26period%3D2006%26productlabel%3DReligious%2520Affiliation%2520by%2520Age%2520-%2520Time%2520Series%2520Statistics%2520%281996%2C%25202001%2C%25202006%2520Census%2520Years%29%26producttype%3DCensus%2520Tables%26method%3DPlace%2520of%2520Usual%2520Residence%26topic%3DReligion%26&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Judar"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170515170330/http://www.zsido.hu/tortenelem/magyarzs.htm">”Jews in Hungary”</a>. Arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zsido.hu/tortenelem/magyarzs.htm">originalet</a> den 15 maj 2017<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170515170330/http://www.zsido.hu/tortenelem/magyarzs.htm">https://web.archive.org/web/20170515170330/http://www.zsido.hu/tortenelem/magyarzs.htm</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 1 februari 2011</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Jews+in+Hungary&rft.atitle=&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20170515170330%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.zsido.hu%2Ftortenelem%2Fmagyarzs.htm&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Judar"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-4">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-1"><small>b</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-2"><small>c</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-3"><small>d</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-4"><small>e</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">Benatar 2006, s. 392–393.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4361532,00.html">Israel's Jewish population passes 6 million mark</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tau.ac.il/Anti-Semitism/asw2000-1/sweden.htm">Antisemitism and racism</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111105173829/http://www.tau.ac.il/Anti-Semitism/asw2000-1/sweden.htm">Arkiverad</a> 5 november 2011 hämtat från the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive#Wayback_Machine" title="Internet Archive">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hugr.huji.ac.il/AshkenaziJews.aspx">Ashkenazi Jews</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131020004618/http://hugr.huji.ac.il/AshkenaziJews.aspx">Arkiverad</a> 20 oktober 2013 hämtat från the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive#Wayback_Machine" title="Internet Archive">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JFG-8"><a href="#cite_ref-JFG_8-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111020021318/http://www.judiskaforsamlingen.se/sv/Svenskjudiskhistoria/tabid/145/Default.aspx">”Judarna i Sverige”</a>. Judiska församlingen i Göteborg. 2007. Arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.judiskaforsamlingen.se/sv/Svenskjudiskhistoria/tabid/145/Default.aspx">originalet</a> den 20 oktober 2011<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111020021318/http://www.judiskaforsamlingen.se/sv/Svenskjudiskhistoria/tabid/145/Default.aspx">https://web.archive.org/web/20111020021318/http://www.judiskaforsamlingen.se/sv/Svenskjudiskhistoria/tabid/145/Default.aspx</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 19 mars 2011</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Judarna+i+Sverige&rft.atitle=&rft.date=2007&rft.pub=Judiska+f%C3%B6rsamlingen+i+G%C3%B6teborg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20111020021318%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.judiskaforsamlingen.se%2Fsv%2FSvenskjudiskhistoria%2Ftabid%2F145%2FDefault.aspx&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Judar"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web" id="CITEREFArnö2020">Arnö, Kaj (2 november 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://projektfredrika.fi/de-linguis-iudaeorum-finlandiae/">”About language and the Jews of Finland”</a>. <i><span>Projekt Fredrika r.f.</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://projektfredrika.fi/de-linguis-iudaeorum-finlandiae/">https://projektfredrika.fi/de-linguis-iudaeorum-finlandiae/</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 3 november 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=About+language+and+the+Jews+of+Finland&rft.atitle=Projekt+Fredrika+r.f.&rft.aulast=Arn%C3%B6&rft.aufirst=Kaj&rft.au=Arn%C3%B6%2C+Kaj&rft.date=2+november+2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fprojektfredrika.fi%2Fde-linguis-iudaeorum-finlandiae%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Judar"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-10">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-:1_10-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_10-1"><small>b</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_10-2"><small>c</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/judaism/beliefs/conversion.shtml">”Converting to Judaism”</a> (på brittisk engelska). <i><span>www.bbc.co.uk</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/judaism/beliefs/conversion.shtml">https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/judaism/beliefs/conversion.shtml</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 10 september 2022</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Converting+to+Judaism&rft.atitle=www.bbc.co.uk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Freligion%2Freligions%2Fjudaism%2Fbeliefs%2Fconversion.shtml&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Judar"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Freeman, Tzvi: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/3002/jewish/Why-Is-Conversion-to-Judaism-So-Hard.htm">Why Is Conversion to Judaism So Hard?</a></i>. Chabad.org. Läst 10 september 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Michele Alperin: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.myjewishlearning.com/holidays/Jewish_Holidays/Passover/The_Seder/Conducting_a_Seder/After_the_Meal/Next_Year_in_Jerusalem.shtml">Next Year in Jerusalem - Understanding the familiar phrase in light of modern realities</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110512075110/http://www.myjewishlearning.com/holidays/Jewish_Holidays/Passover/The_Seder/Conducting_a_Seder/After_the_Meal/Next_Year_in_Jerusalem.shtml">Arkiverad</a> 12 maj 2011 hämtat från the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive#Wayback_Machine" title="Internet Archive">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-news-13">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-news_13-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-news_13-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn19008-how-religion-made-jews-genetically-distinct.html%7Chämtdatum=24">http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn19008-how-religion-made-jews-genetically-distinct.html%7Chämtdatum=24</a> januari 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.sciencenews.org/view/generic/id/59938/title/Tracing_Jewish_roots">http://www.sciencenews.org/view/generic/id/59938/title/Tracing_Jewish_roots</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFRasmussen2007">Rasmussen, Tarald (2007). <i><span>Kristendomen-En historisk introduktion</span></i>. Artos. sid. 35. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/9789175803364" title="Special:Bokkällor/9789175803364">ISBN 9789175803364</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kristendomen-En+historisk+introduktion&rft.aulast=Rasmussen&rft.aufirst=Tarald&rft.au=Rasmussen%2C+Tarald&rft.date=2007&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B35&rft.pub=Artos&rft.isbn=9789175803364&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Judar"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="journal" id="CITEREFWaldmanBackenrothHarneyFlohr">Waldman, Shamam; Backenroth, Daniel; Harney, Éadaoin; Flohr, Stefan; Neff, Nadia C.; Buckley, Gina M.; Fridman, Hila; Akbari, Ali;  <i>et al</i>. (8 december 2022). ”Genome-wide data from medieval German Jews show that the Ashkenazi founder event pre-dated the 14th century” (på engelsk). <i>Cell</i> 185 (25): sid. 4703–4716.e16. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cell.2022.11.002">10.1016/j.cell.2022.11.002</a></span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Genome-wide+data+from+medieval+German+Jews+show+that+the+Ashkenazi+founder+event+pre-dated+the+14th+century&rft.jtitle=Cell&rft.aulast=Waldman&rft.aufirst=Shamam&rft.au=Waldman%2C+Shamam&rft.au=Backenroth%2C+Daniel&rft.au=Harney%2C+%C3%89adaoin&rft.au=Flohr%2C+Stefan&rft.au=Neff%2C+Nadia+C.&rft.au=Buckley%2C+Gina+M.&rft.au=Fridman%2C+Hila&rft.au=Akbari%2C+Ali&rft.au=etal%2C+etal&rft.date=8+december+2022&rft.volume=185&rft.issue=25&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B4703%E2%80%934716.e16&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.cell.2022.11.002&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Judar"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFBrook2022">Brook, Kevin Alan (2022) (på engelsk). <i><span>The Maternal Genetic Lineages of Ashkenazic Jews</span></i>. Boston: Academic Studies Press. sid. 133, 138. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2307%2Fj.ctv33mgbcn">10.2307/j.ctv33mgbcn</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/978-1-64469-984-3" title="Special:Bokkällor/978-1-64469-984-3">ISBN 978-1-64469-984-3</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Maternal+Genetic+Lineages+of+Ashkenazic+Jews&rft.aulast=Brook&rft.aufirst=Kevin+Alan&rft.au=Brook%2C+Kevin+Alan&rft.date=2022&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B133%2C+138&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Academic+Studies+Press&rft_id=info:doi/10.2307%2Fj.ctv33mgbcn&rft.isbn=978-1-64469-984-3&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Judar"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFBrook2022">Brook, Kevin Alan (2022) (på engelsk). <i><span>The Maternal Genetic Lineages of Ashkenazic Jews</span></i>. Boston: Academic Studies Press. sid. 17, 86, 140-141. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2307%2Fj.ctv33mgbcn">10.2307/j.ctv33mgbcn</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/978-1-64469-984-3" title="Special:Bokkällor/978-1-64469-984-3">ISBN 978-1-64469-984-3</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Maternal+Genetic+Lineages+of+Ashkenazic+Jews&rft.aulast=Brook&rft.aufirst=Kevin+Alan&rft.au=Brook%2C+Kevin+Alan&rft.date=2022&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B17%2C+86%2C+140-141&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Academic+Studies+Press&rft_id=info:doi/10.2307%2Fj.ctv33mgbcn&rft.isbn=978-1-64469-984-3&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Judar"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFBrook2022">Brook, Kevin Alan (2022) (på engelsk). <i><span>The Maternal Genetic Lineages of Ashkenazic Jews</span></i>. Boston: Academic Studies Press. sid. 127. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2307%2Fj.ctv33mgbcn">10.2307/j.ctv33mgbcn</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/978-1-64469-984-3" title="Special:Bokkällor/978-1-64469-984-3">ISBN 978-1-64469-984-3</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Maternal+Genetic+Lineages+of+Ashkenazic+Jews&rft.aulast=Brook&rft.aufirst=Kevin+Alan&rft.au=Brook%2C+Kevin+Alan&rft.date=2022&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B127&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Academic+Studies+Press&rft_id=info:doi/10.2307%2Fj.ctv33mgbcn&rft.isbn=978-1-64469-984-3&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Judar"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="journal" id="CITEREFBeharMetspaluKivisildRosset">Behar, Doron M.; Metspalu, Ene; Kivisild, Toomas; Rosset, Saharon; Tzur, Shay; Hadid, Yarin; Yudkovsky, Guennady; Rosengarten, Dror;  <i>et al</i>. (30 april 2008). ”Counting the Founders: The Matrilineal Genetic Ancestry of the Jewish Diaspora” (på engelsk). <i>PLoS ONE</i> 3 (4): sid. e2062. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0002062">10.1371/journal.pone.0002062</a></span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Counting+the+Founders%3A+The+Matrilineal+Genetic+Ancestry+of+the+Jewish+Diaspora&rft.jtitle=PLoS+ONE&rft.aulast=Behar&rft.aufirst=Doron+M.&rft.au=Behar%2C+Doron+M.&rft.au=Metspalu%2C+Ene&rft.au=Kivisild%2C+Toomas&rft.au=Rosset%2C+Saharon&rft.au=Tzur%2C+Shay&rft.au=Hadid%2C+Yarin&rft.au=Yudkovsky%2C+Guennady&rft.au=Rosengarten%2C+Dror&rft.au=etal%2C+etal&rft.date=30+april+2008&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3Be2062&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0002062&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Judar"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web" id="CITEREFEntine">Entine, Jon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ioYAjdDALqk">”Jewish DNA - The Kohanim Gene and the Lost Tribes of Israel”</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ioYAjdDALqk">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ioYAjdDALqk</a></span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Jewish+DNA+-+The+Kohanim+Gene+and+the+Lost+Tribes+of+Israel&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Entine&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft.au=Entine%2C+Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DioYAjdDALqk&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Judar"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.familytreedna.com/public/JewishDNAProject/default.aspx?section=yresults">”Jewish DNA Project”</a>. Familytree DNA<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.familytreedna.com/public/JewishDNAProject/default.aspx?section=yresults">https://www.familytreedna.com/public/JewishDNAProject/default.aspx?section=yresults</a></span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Jewish+DNA+Project&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Familytree+DNA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.familytreedna.com%2Fpublic%2FJewishDNAProject%2Fdefault.aspx%3Fsection%3Dyresults&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Judar"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.familytreedna.com/public/Greece/default.aspx?section=yresults">”Greek DNA Project”</a>. Familytree DNA<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.familytreedna.com/public/Greece/default.aspx?section=yresults">https://www.familytreedna.com/public/Greece/default.aspx?section=yresults</a></span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Greek+DNA+Project&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Familytree+DNA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.familytreedna.com%2Fpublic%2FGreece%2Fdefault.aspx%3Fsection%3Dyresults&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Judar"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.familytreedna.com/groups/italy/about/background">”Italy DNA Project”</a>. Familytree DNA<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.familytreedna.com/groups/italy/about/background">https://www.familytreedna.com/groups/italy/about/background</a></span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Italy+DNA+Project&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Familytree+DNA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.familytreedna.com%2Fgroups%2Fitaly%2Fabout%2Fbackground&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Judar"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Övriga_källor"><span id=".C3.96vriga_k.C3.A4llor"></span>Övriga källor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judar&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Redigera avsnitt: Övriga källor" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judar&action=edit&section=13" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Övriga källor"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=1199&letter=S&search=hirsch%20sweden#3857">Jewish Encyclopedia: <i>Sweden</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.forward.com/articles/134138/">http://www.forward.com/articles/134138/</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/On-the-eve-of-Independence-Day-Israeli-population-stands-at-8345000-398812">http://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/On-the-eve-of-Independence-Day-Israeli-population-stands-at-8345000-398812</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vidare_läsning"><span id="Vidare_l.C3.A4sning"></span>Vidare läsning</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judar&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Redigera avsnitt: Vidare läsning" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judar&action=edit&section=14" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Vidare läsning"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libris.kb.se/form_extended.jsp?f=judb"><i>Svensk judisk bibliografi</i></a> - Deldatabas i <a href="/wiki/Libris_(bibliotekskatalog)" title="Libris (bibliotekskatalog)">Libris</a> med referenser till böcker, tidskrifter och ett urval artiklar om judisk historia, kultur och samhälle, på svenska och andra språk.</li></ul> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libris.kb.se/form_extended.jsp?f=judb">Kungliga Biblioteket: Svensk judisk bibliografi</a></li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFAndersson2000">Andersson, Lars M. (2000). <i><span>En jude är en jude är en jude-: representationer av "juden" i svensk skämtpress omkring 1900-1930</span></i> ([Ny utg.]). Lund: Nordic Academic Press. <a href="/wiki/Libris_(bibliotekskatalog)" title="Libris (bibliotekskatalog)">Libris</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libris.kb.se/bib/7778099">7778099</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/91-89116-11-9" title="Special:Bokkällor/91-89116-11-9">ISBN 91-89116-11-9</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=En+jude+%C3%A4r+en+jude+%C3%A4r+en+jude-%3A+representationer+av+%22juden%22+i+svensk+sk%C3%A4mtpress+omkring+1900-1930&rft.aulast=Andersson&rft.aufirst=Lars+M.&rft.au=Andersson%2C+Lars+M.&rft.date=2000&rft.edition=%5BNy+utg.%5D&rft.place=Lund&rft.pub=Nordic+Academic+Press&rft.isbn=91-89116-11-9&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Judar"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFGlückNeuman,_Aron;_Stare,_Jacqueline1997">Glück, David; Neuman, Aron; Stare, Jacqueline (1997). <i><span>Sveriges judar: deras historia, tro och traditioner</span></i>. Stockholm: Judiska museet. <a href="/wiki/Libris_(bibliotekskatalog)" title="Libris (bibliotekskatalog)">Libris</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libris.kb.se/bib/7794575">7794575</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/91-971520-5-6" title="Special:Bokkällor/91-971520-5-6">ISBN 91-971520-5-6</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sveriges+judar%3A+deras+historia%2C+tro+och+traditioner&rft.aulast=Gl%C3%BCck&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Gl%C3%BCck%2C+David&rft.au=Neuman%2C+Aron%3B+Stare%2C+Jacqueline&rft.date=1997&rft.place=Stockholm&rft.pub=Judiska+museet&rft.isbn=91-971520-5-6&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Judar"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book"> <i><span>Judarna i Sverige: en minoritets historia : fyra föreläsningar</span></i>. Uppsala multiethnic papers, 0281-448X ; 53. Uppsala: Hugo Valentin-centrum. 2011. <a href="/wiki/Libris_(bibliotekskatalog)" title="Libris (bibliotekskatalog)">Libris</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libris.kb.se/bib/12531464">12531464</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/978-91-86531-05-8" title="Special:Bokkällor/978-91-86531-05-8">ISBN 978-91-86531-05-8</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Judarna+i+Sverige%3A+en+minoritets+historia+%3A+fyra+f%C3%B6rel%C3%A4sningar&rft.date=2011&rft.series=Uppsala+multiethnic+papers%2C+0281-448X+%3B+53&rft.place=Uppsala&rft.pub=Hugo+Valentin-centrum&rft.isbn=978-91-86531-05-8&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Judar"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFOlán1924">Olán, Eskil (1924). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://runeberg.org/eojpsm/">Judarna på svensk mark: historien om israeliternas invandring till Sverige</a></i>. Stockholm: Rex. <a href="/wiki/Libris_(bibliotekskatalog)" title="Libris (bibliotekskatalog)">Libris</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libris.kb.se/bib/424828">424828</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://runeberg.org/eojpsm/">https://runeberg.org/eojpsm/</a></span></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Judarna+p%C3%A5+svensk+mark%3A+historien+om+israeliternas+invandring+till+Sverige&rft.aulast=Ol%C3%A1n&rft.aufirst=Eskil&rft.au=Ol%C3%A1n%2C+Eskil&rft.date=1924&rft.place=Stockholm&rft.pub=Rex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fruneberg.org%2Feojpsm%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Judar"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFValentin2004">Valentin, Hugo (2004). <i><span>Judarna i Sverige: från 1774 till 1950-talet</span></i> ([Ny utg.]). Stockholm: Judiska museet. <a href="/wiki/Libris_(bibliotekskatalog)" title="Libris (bibliotekskatalog)">Libris</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libris.kb.se/bib/9628628">9628628</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/91-27-10790-6" title="Special:Bokkällor/91-27-10790-6">ISBN 91-27-10790-6</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Judarna+i+Sverige%3A+fr%C3%A5n+1774+till+1950-talet&rft.aulast=Valentin&rft.aufirst=Hugo&rft.au=Valentin%2C+Hugo&rft.date=2004&rft.edition=%5BNy+utg.%5D&rft.place=Stockholm&rft.pub=Judiska+museet&rft.isbn=91-27-10790-6&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Judar"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFValentin1924">Valentin, Hugo (1924). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://runeberg.org/utjhis/">Urkunder till judarnas historia i Sverige</a></i>. Judiska litteratursamfundets skriftserie, 99-1215819-9 ; 6. Stockholm: Bonniers. <a href="/wiki/Libris_(bibliotekskatalog)" title="Libris (bibliotekskatalog)">Libris</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libris.kb.se/bib/449170">449170</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://runeberg.org/utjhis/">https://runeberg.org/utjhis/</a></span></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Urkunder+till+judarnas+historia+i+Sverige&rft.aulast=Valentin&rft.aufirst=Hugo&rft.au=Valentin%2C+Hugo&rft.date=1924&rft.series=Judiska+litteratursamfundets+skriftserie%2C+99-1215819-9+%3B+6&rft.place=Stockholm&rft.pub=Bonniers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fruneberg.org%2Futjhis%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Judar"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externa_länkar"><span id="Externa_l.C3.A4nkar"></span>Externa länkar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judar&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Redigera avsnitt: Externa länkar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judar&action=edit&section=15" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Externa länkar"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.valentin.uu.se/">Hugo Valentin-centrum, Uppsala universitet</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=1199&letter=S&search=hirsch%20sweden#3857">Jewish Encyclopedia: <i>Sweden</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://runeberg.org/strindbg/svfolk2/0268.html">August Strindberg, <i>Svenska folket</i>, Judarne</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r56287950">.mw-parser-output table.navbox{border:#aaa 1px solid;width:100%;margin:auto;margin-top:1em;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output link+table.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title button,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title .mw-collapsible-text,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title a{color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks a,.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks .selflink{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;font-weight:bold;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{background:#b0c4de}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background:#d0e0f5}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background:#deeafa}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background:transparent}</style><table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0; ;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table class="navbox-inner collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style="background:#C9ECF9;;" colspan="3" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:3em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:80%; border:none;; color: inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Mall:Judendom" title="Mall:Judendom"><span title="Visa denna mall" style="border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mall:Judendom&action=edit"><span style="border:none;;" title="Redigera den här mallen">r</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Judendom" title="Judendom">Judendom</a></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#C9ECF9;;;">Skrifter</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;background-color:#ffffff;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Tanakh" title="Tanakh">Tanakh</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Mishna" title="Mishna">Mishna</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Mekhilta" title="Mekhilta">Mekhilta</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Midrash" title="Midrash">Midrash</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Talmud_jerushalmi" title="Talmud jerushalmi">Jerushalmi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Talmud_bavli" title="Talmud bavli">Bavli</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Tosefta" title="Tosefta">Tosefta</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Emunot_vedeot" title="Emunot vedeot">Emunot vedeot</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Mishneh_Torah" title="Mishneh Torah">Mishneh Torah</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Mor%C3%A9_nebuchim" title="Moré nebuchim">Moré nebuchim</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Shulchan_aruch" title="Shulchan aruch">Shulchan aruch</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Mappa" title="Mappa">Mappa</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Sefer_jetzira" title="Sefer jetzira">Sefer jetzira</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Sefer_habbahir" title="Sefer habbahir">Bahir</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Zohar" title="Zohar">Zohar</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Haggada" title="Haggada">Haggada</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Siddur" title="Siddur">Siddur</a></div></td><td style="width:0%;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;" rowspan="15"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Star_of_David.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/50px-Star_of_David.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/75px-Star_of_David.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/100px-Star_of_David.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="693" /></a></span></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#C9ECF9;;;"><a href="/wiki/Judisk_festkalender" title="Judisk festkalender">Högtider och helger</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;background-color:#F6FEFF;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Judiska_kalendern" title="Judiska kalendern">Judiska kalendern</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Pesach" title="Pesach">Pesach</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Sefirat_omer" title="Sefirat omer">Omer</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Shavuot" title="Shavuot">Shavuot</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Tisha_beav" title="Tisha beav">Tisha beav</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Selichot" title="Selichot">Selichot</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Rosh_hashana" title="Rosh hashana">Rosh hashana</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Jom_kippur" title="Jom kippur">Jom kippur</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Sukkot" title="Sukkot">Sukkot</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Shemini_atzeret" title="Shemini atzeret">Shemini atzeret</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Simchat_Torah" title="Simchat Torah">Simchat Torah</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Chanukka" title="Chanukka">Chanukka</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Tu_Bishvat" title="Tu Bishvat">Tu Bishvat</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Purim" title="Purim">Purim</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#C9ECF9;;;">Händelser i livet</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;background-color:#ffffff;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Berit_mila" title="Berit mila">Berit mila</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Pidjon_habben" title="Pidjon habben">pidjon habben</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Zeved_habbat" title="Zeved habbat">Zeved habbat</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Bar_mitzva" title="Bar mitzva">Bar mitzva</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Bat_mitzva" title="Bat mitzva">Bat mitzva</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kiddushin" title="Kiddushin">Kiddushin</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#C9ECF9;;;">Gudstjänst och bön</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;background-color:#F6FEFF;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Jerusalems_tempel" title="Jerusalems tempel">Jerusalems tempel</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Synagoga" title="Synagoga">Synagoga</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Minjan" title="Minjan">Minjan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Modeh_Ani" title="Modeh Ani">Modeh Ani</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Shema" title="Shema">Shema Jisrael</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Toraläsning</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kaddish" title="Kaddish">Kaddish</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Amida_(b%C3%B6n)" title="Amida (bön)">Amida</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Aronitiska_v%C3%A4lsignelsen" title="Aronitiska välsignelsen">Aronitiska välsignelsen</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kiddush" title="Kiddush">Kiddush</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Birkat_hammazon" title="Birkat hammazon">Birkat hammazon</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Havdala" title="Havdala">Havdala</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Nusach" title="Nusach">Nusach</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#C9ECF9;;;">Religiösa ämbeten</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;background-color:#ffffff;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Rabbin" title="Rabbin">Rabbin</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Chazzan" title="Chazzan">Chazzan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Daj%C3%A1n" title="Daján">Daján</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Gabbaj" title="Gabbaj">Gabbaj</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Sofer" title="Sofer">Sofer</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Shochet" title="Shochet">Shochet</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#C9ECF9;;;">Dagligt liv</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;background-color:#F6FEFF;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Halacha" title="Halacha">Halacha</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Beth_din" title="Beth din">Beth din</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Cheder" title="Cheder">Cheder</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Judiska_k%C3%B6ket" title="Judiska köket">Mat</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kosher" title="Kosher">Kosher</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Shechita" title="Shechita">Shechita</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Mikve" title="Mikve">Mikve</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Tevila" title="Tevila">Tevila</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Sabbat" title="Sabbat">Sabbat</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Tallit" title="Tallit">Tallit</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Tefillin" title="Tefillin">Tefillin</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Mezuza" title="Mezuza">Mezuza</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#C9ECF9;;;">Etniciteter</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;background-color:#ffffff;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Judar</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Sefarder" title="Sefarder">Sefarder</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ashkenazer" title="Ashkenazer">Ashkenazer</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Mizrahi-judar" title="Mizrahi-judar">Mizrahi-judar</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Italiensk_judendom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Italiensk judendom [inte skriven än]">Italiensk (bené Roma)</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Romaniotisk_judendom" title="Romaniotisk judendom">Romaniotisk</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Jemenitisk_judendom" title="Jemenitisk judendom">Jemenitisk</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Beta_Israel" title="Beta Israel">Beta Israel (etiopisk)</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bene_Israel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bene Israel [inte skriven än]">Bene Israel (indisk)</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Judar_i_Ryssland" title="Judar i Ryssland">Ryska judar</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#C9ECF9;;;">Teologiska riktningar</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;background-color:#F6FEFF;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Samarier" title="Samarier">Samaritansk</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Karaitisk_judendom" title="Karaitisk judendom">Karaitisk</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Chassidism" title="Chassidism">Chassidism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Mitnagdim" title="Mitnagdim">Mitnagdim</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kabbala" title="Kabbala">Kabbala</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ortodox_judendom" title="Ortodox judendom">Ortodox</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Konservativ_judendom" title="Konservativ judendom">Konservativ</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Reformjudendom" title="Reformjudendom">Reformjudendom</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Rekonstruktionistisk_judendom" title="Rekonstruktionistisk judendom">Rekonstruktionistisk</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jewish_Renewal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jewish Renewal [inte skriven än]">Renewal</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Humanetisk_judendom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Humanetisk judendom [inte skriven än]">Humanetisk</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="background:#C9ECF9;;" colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Judendomens_historia" title="Judendomens historia">Judendomens historia</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950" /><table cellspacing="0" class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks hlist auktoritetsdata navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Auktoritetsdata" title="Auktoritetsdata">Auktoritetsdata</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> • <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85070361">sh85070361</a></span> • <a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/4028808-0">4028808-0</a></span> • <a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_universitaire_de_documentation" title="Système universitaire de documentation">SUDOC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idref.fr/04072851X">04072851X</a></span> • <a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11932167h">cb11932167h</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11932167h">(data)</a></span> • <a href="/wiki/Nationella_parlamentsbiblioteket" title="Nationella parlamentsbiblioteket">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" 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