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Politics of Kuwait - Wikipedia
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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Executive branch</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Executive_branch-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Executive branch subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Executive_branch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Emir" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Emir"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Emir</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Emir-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Judicial_branch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judicial_branch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Judicial branch</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judicial_branch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legislative_branch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislative_branch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Legislative branch</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislative_branch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ministries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ministries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Ministries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ministries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Foreign relations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" 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Available in 13 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-13" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">13 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AA" title="سياسة الكويت – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سياسة الكويت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="কুয়েতের রাজনীতি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কুয়েতের রাজনীতি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82" title="Държавно устройство на Кувейт – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Държавно устройство на Кувейт" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%C3%ADtica_de_Kuwait" title="Política de Kuwait – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Política de Kuwait" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuveidi_poliitika" title="Kuveidi poliitika – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kuveidi poliitika" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gobierno_y_pol%C3%ADtica_de_Kuwait" title="Gobierno y política de Kuwait – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gobierno y política de Kuwait" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%DA%A9%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="سیاست در کویت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سیاست در کویت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politique_au_Kowe%C3%AFt" title="Politique au Koweït – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Politique au Koweït" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politik_Kuwait" title="Politik Kuwait – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Politik Kuwait" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%AA" title="פוליטיקה של כווית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פוליטיקה של כווית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politik_Kuwait" title="Politik Kuwait – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Politik Kuwait" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%C3%ADtica_do_Kuwait" title="Política do Kuwait – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Política do Kuwait" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="குவைத் அரசியல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="குவைத் அரசியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1155457#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard" style="width:18.5em;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="adr"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Politics of Kuwait</a></div></th></tr><tr><th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Kuwait.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Emblem_of_Kuwait.svg/125px-Emblem_of_Kuwait.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Emblem_of_Kuwait.svg/188px-Emblem_of_Kuwait.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Emblem_of_Kuwait.svg/250px-Emblem_of_Kuwait.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="504" data-file-height="570" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><th style="border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="text-align:left;padding-bottom:0.5em;"> <p><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League"><img alt="Arab League" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Member State of the Arab League</a></span> </p> <hr /></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="text-align:left;padding-bottom:0.5em;;padding-top:0.5em;"> <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Kuwait" title="Constitution of Kuwait">Constitution</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Monarchy</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emir_of_Kuwait" title="Emir of Kuwait">Emir</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Mishal_Al-Ahmad_Al-Jaber_Al-Sabah" title="Mishal Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah">Mishal Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Prince_of_Kuwait" title="Crown Prince of Kuwait">Crown Prince</a> <dl><dd>Vacant</dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Sabah" title="House of Sabah">House of Sabah</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Kuwait" title="Government of Kuwait">Government</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Kuwait" title="List of prime ministers of Kuwait">Prime Minister</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Al-Abdullah_Al-Sabah" title="Ahmad Al-Abdullah Al-Sabah">Ahmad Al-Abdullah Al-Sabah</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Kuwait" title="Cabinet of Kuwait">Cabinet</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Kuwait_National_Assembly_No-Confidence_Votes" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuwait National Assembly No-Confidence Votes">No-Confidence Votes</a></dd></dl></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Judiciary</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legal_system_of_Kuwait" title="Legal system of Kuwait">Legal system of Kuwait</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Administration</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governorates_of_Kuwait" title="Governorates of Kuwait">Governorates</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Areas_of_Kuwait" title="Areas of Kuwait">Areas</a></dd></dl></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Kuwait" title="Foreign relations of Kuwait">Foreign relations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Kuwait)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Kuwait)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> <dl><dd>Minister: <a href="/wiki/Salem_Abdullah_Al-Jaber_Al-Sabah" title="Salem Abdullah Al-Jaber Al-Sabah">Salem Abdullah Al-Jaber Al-Sabah</a></dd></dl></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Kuwait" title="List of diplomatic missions of Kuwait">Diplomatic missions of</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Kuwait" title="List of diplomatic missions in Kuwait">in Kuwait</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kuwaiti_nationality_law" title="Kuwaiti nationality law">Nationality law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwaiti_passport" title="Kuwaiti passport">Passport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_Kuwaiti_citizens" title="Visa requirements for Kuwaiti citizens">Visa requirements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_Kuwait" title="Visa policy of Kuwait">Visa policy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed plainlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;;text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Kuwait" title="Demographics of Kuwait">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kuwait" title="History of Kuwait">History of Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Kuwait" title="Human rights in Kuwait">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait_Vision_2035" title="Kuwait Vision 2035">Kuwait Vision 2035</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Politics of Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Kuwait)" title="National Assembly (Kuwait)">National Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Kuwait" title="Elections in Kuwait">Elections</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/32px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/48px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/64px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Kuwait" title="Portal:Kuwait">Kuwait portal</a> <div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_political_science#Politics_by_region" title="Outline of political science">Other countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_Kuwait" title="Template:Politics of Kuwait"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_Kuwait" title="Template talk:Politics of Kuwait"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_Kuwait" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of Kuwait"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a> is an <a href="/wiki/Emirate" title="Emirate">emirate</a> with an <a href="/wiki/Autocratic" class="mw-redirect" title="Autocratic">autocratic</a> political system.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Emir of Kuwait, a hereditary monarch from the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Sabah" title="House of Sabah">Al Sabah ruling family</a> appoints the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Kuwait" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Kuwait">prime minister</a> (who is always a royal) and other <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Kuwait" title="Cabinet of Kuwait">members of government</a>, as well as members of <a href="/wiki/Legal_system_of_Kuwait" title="Legal system of Kuwait">judicial</a>, police and financial institutions. </p><p>Kuwait is a wealthy <a href="/wiki/Rentier_state" title="Rentier state">rentier state</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Constitution">Constitution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Kuwait&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Constitution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Kuwait" title="Constitution of Kuwait">Constitution of Kuwait</a> was ratified in 1962 and has elements of a presidential and parliamentary system of government. The <a href="/wiki/Emir_of_Kuwait" title="Emir of Kuwait">Emir</a> is the head of state, whose powers are listed in the constitution. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Executive_branch">Executive branch</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Kuwait&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Executive branch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Kuwait" title="Constitution of Kuwait">Constitution of Kuwait</a> was promulgated in 1962. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Government">Government</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Kuwait&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Kuwait" title="Cabinet of Kuwait">Cabinet of Kuwait</a></div> <p>The prime minister is appointed by the unelected head of state (<a href="/wiki/Emir_of_Kuwait" title="Emir of Kuwait">Emir of Kuwait</a>). The prime minister chooses the cabinet of ministers (government). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Emir">Emir</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Kuwait&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Emir"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Emir's powers are defined by the 1961 constitution. These powers include appointing the prime minister, who in turn chooses the cabinet (government). Upon the death of the Emir, the crown prince succeeds. </p><p>Power in Kuwait has traditionally been balanced between the Emir — particularly under <a href="/wiki/Mubarak_Al-Sabah" title="Mubarak Al-Sabah">Mubarak</a> — and the merchant class. Mubarak effectively built the modern Kuwaiti state, establishing the tax system, trade levies, a customs administration, and the provision of social services.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Political institutions were built in Kuwait in large part due to exit vetoes exercised by merchants on Mubarak. The acquiescence of the merchants and the broader population to the rule of the Emir and the Sabah family was due to a division of monopoly rents: the Sabah family, through the state, to control the oil industry, and the merchants to dominate other industries.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The public at large was given social services from education to health care, funded by oil wealth. This arrangement has allowed the ruling family "to maintain power without making substantial political concessions."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Judicial_branch">Judicial branch</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Kuwait&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Judicial branch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Legal_system_of_Kuwait" title="Legal system of Kuwait">Legal system of Kuwait</a></div> <p>The judiciary in Kuwait is not independent of the government, the Emir appoints all the judges and many judges are foreign nationals from <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>. In each administrative district of Kuwait, there is a Summary Court (also called Courts of First Instance which are composed of one or more divisions, like a Traffic Court or an Administrative Court); then there is Court of Appeals; Cassation Court, and lastly - a Constitutional Court which interprets the constitution and deals with disputes related to the constitutionality of laws. Kuwait has a <a href="/wiki/Civil_law_(legal_system)" title="Civil law (legal system)">civil law</a> legal system. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legislative_branch">Legislative branch</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Kuwait&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Legislative branch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Legislative power is exercised by the Emir of Kuwait. It was formerly exercised by the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Kuwait)" title="National Assembly (Kuwait)">National Assembly</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ministries">Ministries</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Kuwait&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Ministries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_home_affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of home affairs">Ministry of Interior</a> is one of the most critical ministries in Kuwait, responsible for maintaining internal security, public safety, and law enforcement. This ministry oversees the police force, immigration, and citizenship services, and plays a significant role in managing issues related to national security. The ministry also handles civil defense and emergency response services.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_defence" title="Ministry of defence">Ministry of Defense</a> is responsible for the national defense and the armed forces of Kuwait. This ministry oversees military operations, strategic defense planning, and procurement of defense equipment. It ensures the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the state. The Ministry of Defense works closely with international allies and partners to enhance Kuwait's defense capabilities.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_foreign_affairs" title="Ministry of foreign affairs">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> manages Kuwait's international relations and diplomatic efforts. It is responsible for representing Kuwait in international organizations, negotiating treaties, and maintaining diplomatic missions around the world. This ministry also handles consular services for Kuwaiti citizens abroad and facilitates international cooperation on various global issues.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_finance" title="Ministry of finance">Ministry of Finance</a> is tasked with managing the state's finances, including budgeting, taxation, and fiscal policy. This ministry oversees the collection of revenues, management of public funds, and formulation of economic policies. It plays a crucial role in developing and implementing the national budget and ensuring financial stability and economic growth.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Given Kuwait's status as a major oil producer, the Ministry of Oil is one of the most influential ministries. It oversees the exploration, production, and export of oil and gas resources. The ministry regulates the oil industry, manages relationships with international oil companies, and formulates policies to ensure the sustainable development of the energy sector. It also works on diversifying the energy portfolio to include alternative sources.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_(Kuwait)" title="Ministry of Health (Kuwait)">Ministry of Health</a> is responsible for providing healthcare services and ensuring public health in Kuwait. It manages hospitals, clinics, and public health campaigns. This ministry oversees medical research, health education, and the regulation of pharmaceuticals. It plays a key role in responding to health emergencies and pandemics, ensuring the well-being of the population.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Education">Ministry of Education</a> oversees the education system in Kuwait, including primary, secondary, and higher education. It is responsible for curriculum development, teacher training, and the management of educational institutions. The ministry works on policies to improve educational standards and promote lifelong learning. It also coordinates with international educational organizations to enhance educational outcomes.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_higher_education" title="Ministry of higher education">Ministry of Higher Education</a> focuses on post-secondary education, including universities and vocational training institutions. It is responsible for accrediting higher education institutions, developing higher education policies, and supporting research and development. The ministry also provides scholarships and financial aid to students pursuing higher education abroad.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Public_Works" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Public Works">Ministry of Public Works</a> is tasked with the development and maintenance of public infrastructure, including roads, bridges, and government buildings. This ministry oversees major construction projects, urban planning, and public utilities. It plays a vital role in ensuring the development and modernization of the country's infrastructure.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Ministry of Electricity and Water is responsible for the supply and management of electricity and water resources in Kuwait. It oversees the generation, distribution, and conservation of energy and water. This ministry works on policies to promote sustainable use of resources and ensure the efficient delivery of utilities to residents and businesses.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Trade_and_Industry" title="Ministry of Trade and Industry">Ministry of Commerce and Industry</a> manages the commercial and industrial sectors of the economy. It regulates trade practices, supports industrial development, and promotes investment opportunities. This ministry also oversees consumer protection, intellectual property rights, and the facilitation of business operations.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Social_Affairs_(Kuwait)" title="Ministry of Social Affairs (Kuwait)">Ministry of Social Affairs</a> and Labor is responsible for social welfare programs and labor market regulations. It manages social services, including support for vulnerable populations, and oversees labor laws and workers' rights. This ministry works on policies to enhance social protection and promote fair labor practices.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Information_(Kuwait)" title="Ministry of Information (Kuwait)">Ministry of Information</a> oversees the media and communication sectors in Kuwait. It manages state-run media outlets, regulates broadcasting services, and ensures the dissemination of information to the public. This ministry plays a role in promoting cultural heritage and supporting the development of the media industry.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Ministry of Awqaf and Islamic Affairs manages religious affairs and endowments in Kuwait. It oversees the administration of mosques, religious education, and charitable activities. This ministry also works on promoting Islamic culture and values within the community.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Foreign_relations">Foreign relations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Kuwait&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Foreign relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kuwait's foreign relations are characterized by a strategic balance of regional alliances and global partnerships. As a founding member of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), Kuwait collaborates closely with its Gulf neighbors, notably Saudi Arabia, to promote regional stability and economic integration. Relations with Iraq have been complex due to historical conflicts, but recent efforts have focused on reconciliation and cooperation. Kuwait maintains a cautious yet pragmatic relationship with Iran and often acts as a mediator in regional disputes. The country also enjoys a robust strategic partnership with the United States, underscored by defense cooperation and extensive economic ties. Additionally, Kuwait has developed strong relations with European countries, focusing on trade, investment, and cultural exchanges.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Globally, Kuwait has expanded its relations with major Asian economies like China, Japan, South Korea, and India, primarily driven by energy trade and investment.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Kuwait&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Kuwait" title="Government of Kuwait">Government of Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kuwait" title="History of Kuwait">History of Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_issues_in_Kuwait" title="Political issues in Kuwait">Political issues in Kuwait</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Kuwait&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGandhi2008" class="citation cs2">Gandhi, Jennifer (2008), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511510090.005">"Institutions and Policies under Dictatorship"</a>, <i>Political Institutions under Dictatorship</i>, Cambridge: 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href="/wiki/1958_Kuwaiti_general_election" title="1958 Kuwaiti general election">1958</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1961_Kuwaiti_Constitutional_Convention_election" title="1961 Kuwaiti Constitutional Convention election">1961*</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_Kuwaiti_general_election" title="1963 Kuwaiti general election">1963</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1967_Kuwaiti_general_election" title="1967 Kuwaiti general election">1967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Kuwaiti_general_election" title="1971 Kuwaiti general election">1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1975_Kuwaiti_general_election" title="1975 Kuwaiti general election">1975</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_Kuwaiti_general_election" title="1981 Kuwaiti general election">1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1985_Kuwaiti_general_election" title="1985 Kuwaiti general election">1985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Kuwaiti_National_Council_election" title="1990 Kuwaiti National Council election">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Kuwaiti_general_election" title="1992 Kuwaiti general election">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Kuwaiti_general_election" title="1996 Kuwaiti general election">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Kuwaiti_general_election" title="1999 Kuwaiti general election">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Kuwaiti_general_election" title="2003 Kuwaiti general election">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Kuwaiti_general_election" title="2006 Kuwaiti general election">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Kuwaiti_general_election" title="2008 Kuwaiti general election">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Kuwaiti_general_election" title="2009 Kuwaiti general election">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2012_Kuwaiti_general_election" title="February 2012 Kuwaiti general election">2012 (Feb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2012_Kuwaiti_general_election" title="December 2012 Kuwaiti general election">2012 (Dec)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Kuwaiti_general_election" title="2013 Kuwaiti general election">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Kuwaiti_general_election" title="2016 Kuwaiti general election">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Kuwaiti_general_election" title="2020 Kuwaiti general election">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Kuwaiti_general_election" title="2022 Kuwaiti general election">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Kuwaiti_general_election" title="2023 Kuwaiti general election">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Kuwaiti_general_election" title="2024 Kuwaiti general election">2024</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Municipal elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1932_Kuwaiti_municipal_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1932 Kuwaiti municipal elections (page does not exist)">1932</a></li> <li>...</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1964_Kuwaiti_municipal_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1964 Kuwaiti municipal elections (page does not exist)">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1972_Kuwaiti_municipal_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1972 Kuwaiti municipal elections (page does not exist)">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1976_Kuwaiti_municipal_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1976 Kuwaiti municipal elections (page does not exist)">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1980_Kuwaiti_municipal_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1980 Kuwaiti municipal elections (page does not exist)">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1984_Kuwaiti_municipal_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1984 Kuwaiti municipal elections (page does not exist)">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1993_Kuwaiti_municipal_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1993 Kuwaiti municipal elections (page does not exist)">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1995_Kuwaiti_municipal_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1995 Kuwaiti municipal elections (page does not exist)">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1999_Kuwaiti_municipal_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1999 Kuwaiti municipal elections (page does not exist)">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2005_Kuwaiti_municipal_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2005 Kuwaiti municipal elections (page does not exist)">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2009_Kuwaiti_municipal_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2009 Kuwaiti municipal elections (page does not exist)">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2013_Kuwaiti_municipal_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2013 Kuwaiti municipal elections (page does not exist)">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2018_Kuwaiti_municipal_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2018 Kuwaiti municipal elections (page does not exist)">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Kuwaiti_municipal_elections" title="2022 Kuwaiti municipal elections">2022</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>* Constitutional Convention</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Kuwait_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Kuwait_topics" title="Template:Kuwait topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Kuwait_topics" title="Template talk:Kuwait topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Kuwait_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Kuwait topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Kuwait_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Kuwait-related_articles" title="Index of Kuwait-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kuwait" title="History of Kuwait">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chains" title="Battle of Chains">Battle of Chains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikhdom_of_Kuwait" title="Sheikhdom of Kuwait">Sheikhdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait-Najd_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuwait-Najd War">Kuwait-Najd War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Kuwait_City" title="Timeline of Kuwait City">Timeline of Kuwait City</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Kuwait" title="Coat of arms of Kuwait"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Emblem_of_Kuwait.svg/80px-Emblem_of_Kuwait.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Emblem_of_Kuwait.svg/120px-Emblem_of_Kuwait.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Emblem_of_Kuwait.svg/160px-Emblem_of_Kuwait.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="504" data-file-height="570" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Kuwait" title="Geography of Kuwait">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Borders_of_Kuwait" title="Template:Borders of Kuwait">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Kuwait" title="Geography of Kuwait">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Kuwait" title="List of islands of Kuwait">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Kuwait" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rivers of Kuwait">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Kuwait" title="Wildlife of Kuwait">Wildlife</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Kuwait" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of Kuwait">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Kuwait" title="Cabinet of Kuwait">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Kuwait" title="Constitution of Kuwait">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Prince_of_Kuwait" title="Crown Prince of Kuwait">Crown Prince</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_emirs_of_Kuwait" title="List of emirs of Kuwait">Emir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Kuwait" title="Elections in Kuwait">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Kuwait" title="Foreign relations of Kuwait">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Kuwait" title="Government of Kuwait">Government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Kuwait" title="List of prime ministers of Kuwait">Prime Minister</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Kuwait" title="Human rights in Kuwait">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Kuwait" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Kuwait">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Kuwait" title="Women in Kuwait">Women's rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Kuwait)" title="National Assembly (Kuwait)">Legislature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait_Military_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuwait Military Forces">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Kuwait" title="List of political parties in Kuwait">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_Kuwait" title="Visa policy of Kuwait">Visa policy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Kuwait" title="Economy of Kuwait">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Kuwait" title="List of banks in Kuwait">Banks in Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Kuwait" title="Central Bank of Kuwait">Central Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwaiti_dinar" title="Kuwaiti dinar">Dinar <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Kuwait" title="Health in Kuwait">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boursa_Kuwait" title="Boursa Kuwait">Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Kuwait" title="Telecommunications in Kuwait">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Kuwait" title="Transport in Kuwait">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Kuwait" title="Culture of Kuwait">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Kuwait" title="List of museums in Kuwait">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_Kuwait" title="Art of Kuwait">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Kuwait" title="Music of Kuwait">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait_National_Cultural_District" title="Kuwait National Cultural District">Kuwait National Cultural District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Kuwait" title="Cinema of Kuwait">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Kuwait" title="Television in Kuwait">Kuwaiti television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwaiti_cuisine" title="Kuwaiti cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Kuwait" title="Demographics of Kuwait">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Kuwait" title="Education in Kuwait">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Kuwait" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Kuwait">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Kuwait" title="Public holidays in Kuwait">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kuwait" title="Religion in Kuwait">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Kuwait" title="Sport in Kuwait">Sport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Kuwait" title="Outline of Kuwait">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Kuwait-related_articles" title="Index of Kuwait-related articles">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Kuwait" title="Category:Kuwait">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Kuwait" title="Portal:Kuwait">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Politics_of_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Asia_topic" title="Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Asia_topic" title="Template talk:Asia topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Asia_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Politics_of_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Asia" title="Politics of Asia">Politics of Asia </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Afghanistan" title="Politics of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Armenia" title="Politics of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Azerbaijan" title="Politics of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Bahrain" title="Politics of Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Bangladesh" title="Politics of Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Bhutan" title="Politics of Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Brunei" title="Politics of Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Cambodia" title="Politics of Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_China" title="Politics of China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Cyprus" title="Politics of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_East_Timor" title="Politics of East Timor">East Timor (Timor-Leste)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Egypt" title="Politics of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Politics of Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_India" title="Politics of India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Indonesia" title="Politics of Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Iran" title="Politics of Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Iraq" title="Politics of Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Israel" title="Politics of Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Japan" title="Politics of Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Jordan" title="Politics of Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Kazakhstan" title="Politics of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_North_Korea" title="Politics of North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_South_Korea" title="Politics of South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="Politics of Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Laos" title="Politics of Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Lebanon" title="Politics of Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Malaysia" title="Politics of Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Maldives" title="Politics of the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Mongolia" title="Politics of Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Myanmar" title="Politics of Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Nepal" title="Politics of Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Oman" title="Politics of Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Pakistan" title="Politics of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Philippines" title="Politics of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Qatar" title="Politics of Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Russia" title="Politics of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Politics of Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Singapore" title="Politics of Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Politics of Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Tajikistan" title="Politics of Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Thailand" title="Politics of Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Turkey" title="Politics of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Turkmenistan" title="Politics of Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Politics of the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Uzbekistan" title="Politics of Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Vietnam" title="Politics of Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Yemen" title="Politics of Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with<br />limited recognition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Abkhazia" title="Politics of Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Northern_Cyprus" title="Politics of Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_State_of_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of the State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_South_Ossetia" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Taiwan" title="Politics of Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br />other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of the British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Christmas_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Hong_Kong" title="Politics of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Macau" 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