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class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1.2</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Britain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Britain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1.3</span> <span>Britain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Britain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arabian_Empire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arabian_Empire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1.4</span> <span>Arabian Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arabian_Empire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1.5</span> <span>Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_topic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_topic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>By topic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_topic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2.1</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-681" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#681"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>681</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-681-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_place_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_place_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>By place</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_place_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Byzantine_Empire_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Byzantine_Empire_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1.1</span> <span>Byzantine Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Byzantine_Empire_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1.2</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Britain_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Britain_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1.3</span> <span>Britain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Britain_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arabian_Empire_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arabian_Empire_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1.4</span> <span>Arabian Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arabian_Empire_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asia_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1.5</span> <span>Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_topic_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_topic_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>By topic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_topic_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2.1</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-682" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#682"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>682</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-682-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_place_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_place_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>By place</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_place_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Europe_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1.1</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1.2</span> <span>Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asia_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1.3</span> <span>Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mesoamerica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mesoamerica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1.4</span> <span>Mesoamerica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mesoamerica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_topic_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_topic_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2</span> <span>By topic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_topic_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Astronomy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Astronomy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2.1</span> <span>Astronomy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Astronomy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2.2</span> <span>Literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2.3</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-683" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#683"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>683</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-683-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_place_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_place_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1</span> <span>By place</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_place_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Britain_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Britain_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1.1</span> <span>Britain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Britain_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arabian_Empire_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arabian_Empire_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1.2</span> <span>Arabian Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arabian_Empire_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asia_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1.3</span> <span>Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mesoamerica_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mesoamerica_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1.4</span> <span>Mesoamerica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mesoamerica_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_topic_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_topic_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.2</span> <span>By topic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_topic_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.2.1</span> <span>Art</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.2.2</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-684" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#684"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>684</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-684-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_place_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_place_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.1</span> <span>By place</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_place_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Europe_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.1.1</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Britain_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Britain_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.1.2</span> <span>Britain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Britain_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arabian_Empire_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arabian_Empire_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.1.3</span> <span>Arabian Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arabian_Empire_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asia_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.1.4</span> <span>Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-=Japan=" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#=Japan="> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.1.5</span> <span>=Japan=</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-=Japan=-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mesoamerica_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mesoamerica_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.1.6</span> <span>Mesoamerica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mesoamerica_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_topic_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_topic_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.2</span> <span>By topic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_topic_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.2.1</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-685" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#685"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>685</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-685-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_place_6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_place_6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.1</span> <span>By place</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_place_6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Byzantine_Empire_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Byzantine_Empire_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.1.1</span> <span>Byzantine Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Byzantine_Empire_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.1.2</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Britain_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Britain_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.1.3</span> <span>Britain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Britain_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arabian_Empire_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arabian_Empire_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.1.4</span> <span>Arabian Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arabian_Empire_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.1.5</span> <span>China</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_topic_6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_topic_6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.2</span> <span>By topic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_topic_6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion_6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion_6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.2.1</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion_6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-686" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#686"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>686</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-686-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_place_7" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_place_7"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7.1</span> <span>By place</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_place_7-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Europe_6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe_6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7.1.1</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe_6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Britain_6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Britain_6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7.1.2</span> <span>Britain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Britain_6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arabian_Empire_6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arabian_Empire_6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7.1.3</span> <span>Arabian Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arabian_Empire_6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asia_6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia_6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7.1.4</span> <span>Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia_6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_topic_7" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_topic_7"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7.2</span> <span>By topic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_topic_7-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion_7" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion_7"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7.2.1</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion_7-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-687" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#687"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>687</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-687-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_place_8" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_place_8"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8.1</span> <span>By place</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_place_8-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Byzantine_Empire_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Byzantine_Empire_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8.1.1</span> <span>Byzantine Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Byzantine_Empire_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe_7" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe_7"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8.1.2</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe_7-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Britain_7" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Britain_7"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8.1.3</span> <span>Britain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Britain_7-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_topic_8" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_topic_8"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8.2</span> <span>By topic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_topic_8-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion_8" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion_8"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8.2.1</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion_8-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-688" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#688"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span>688</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-688-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_place_9" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_place_9"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9.1</span> <span>By place</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_place_9-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Byzantine_Empire_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Byzantine_Empire_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9.1.1</span> <span>Byzantine Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Byzantine_Empire_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe_8" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe_8"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9.1.2</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe_8-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Britain_8" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Britain_8"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9.1.3</span> <span>Britain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Britain_8-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_topic_9" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_topic_9"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9.2</span> <span>By topic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_topic_9-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion_9" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion_9"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9.2.1</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion_9-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-689" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#689"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10</span> <span>689</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-689-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_place_10" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_place_10"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10.1</span> <span>By place</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_place_10-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Byzantine_Empire_6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Byzantine_Empire_6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10.1.1</span> <span>Byzantine Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Byzantine_Empire_6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe_9" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe_9"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10.1.2</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe_9-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asia_7" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia_7"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10.1.3</span> <span>Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia_7-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_topic_10" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_topic_10"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10.2</span> <span>By topic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_topic_10-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion_10" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion_10"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10.2.1</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion_10-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Significant_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Significant_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Significant people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Significant_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Births" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Births"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Births</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Births-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deaths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deaths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Deaths</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deaths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">680s</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 75 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-75" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">75 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%82%D8%AF_680" title="عقد 680 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عقد 680" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anyos_680" title="Anyos 680 – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Anyos 680" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9cada_del_680" title="Década del 680 – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Década del 680" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/680-ci_ill%C9%99r" title="680-ci illər – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="680-ci illər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/680-an" title="680-an – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="680-an" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%AC%E0%A7%AE%E0%A7%A6-%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%95" title="৬৮০-এর দশক – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="৬৮০-এর দশক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/680_n%C3%AE-t%C4%81i" title="680 nî-tāi – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="680 nî-tāi" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/680-%D1%8F" title="680-я – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="680-я" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/680-e" title="680-e – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="680-e" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloavezhio%C3%B9_680" title="Bloavezhioù 680 – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bloavezhioù 680" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A8cada_del_680" title="Dècada del 680 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Dècada del 680" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/680-%D0%BC%C4%95%D1%88_%C3%A7%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="680-мĕш çулсем – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="680-мĕш çулсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/680au" title="680au – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="680au" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/680%27erne" title="680'erne – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="680'erne" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85_680" title="عوام 680 – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="عوام 680" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/680er" title="680er – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="680er" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/680._aastad" title="680. aastad – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="680. aastad" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_680" title="An 680 – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="An 680" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C3%B1os_680" title="Años 680 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Años 680" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/680ko_hamarkada" title="680ko hamarkada – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="680ko hamarkada" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%87%D9%87_%DB%B6%DB%B8%DB%B0_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="دهه ۶۸۰ (میلادی) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دهه ۶۸۰ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/680-%C3%A1rini" title="680-árini – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="680-árini" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_680" title="Années 680 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Années 680" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/680id%C3%AD" title="680idí – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="680idí" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/680an" title="680an – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="680an" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9cada_de_680" title="Década de 680 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Década de 680" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/680%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="680年代 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="680年代" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/680%EB%85%84%EB%8C%80" title="680년대 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="680년대" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/680-an" title="680-an – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="680-an" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anni_680" title="Anni 680 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Anni 680" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94-80_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%94-7" title="שנות ה-80 של המאה ה-7 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שנות ה-80 של המאה ה-7" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/680-an" title="680-an – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="680-an" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/680-%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="680-იანები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="680-იანები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miaka_ya_680" title="Miaka ya 680 – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Miaka ya 680" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/680-%D3%A7%D0%B4_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%81" title="680-ӧд вояс – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="680-ӧд вояс" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anni_680" title="Anni 680 – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Anni 680" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/680-as_%C3%A9vek" title="680-as évek – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="680-as évek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/680-%D1%82%D0%B8" title="680-ти – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="680-ти" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8.%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A5%AC%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%A6_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%95" title="इ.स.चे ६८० चे दशक – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स.चे ६८० चे दशक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/680-%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="680-იანეფი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="680-იანეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%82%D8%AF_680" title="عقد 680 – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="عقد 680" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/680-an" title="680-an – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="680-an" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/680_ni%C3%A8ng-d%C3%A2i" title="680 nièng-dâi – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="680 nièng-dâi" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/680_xihuitl" title="680 xihuitl – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="680 xihuitl" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/680-689" title="680-689 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="680-689" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/680%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="680年代 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="680年代" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/680-%C3%A5rene" title="680-årene – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="680-årene" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna%C3%A9es_680" title="Annaées 680 – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Annaées 680" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/680_%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="680 ийла – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="680 ийла" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/680-lar" title="680-lar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="680-lar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9cada_de_680" title="Década de 680 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Década de 680" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anii_680" title="Anii 680 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Anii 680" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/680_watakuna" title="680 watakuna – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="680 watakuna" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/680-%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="680-е годы – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="680-е годы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/680s" title="680s – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="680s" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitet_680" title="Vitet 680 – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Vitet 680" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/680ini" title="680ini – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="680ini" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%96_680%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%AB%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A" title="ක්‍රිපූ 680ගණන් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ක්‍රිපූ 680ගණන්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/80._roky_7._storo%C4%8Dia" title="80. roky 7. storočia – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="80. roky 7. storočia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/680." title="680. – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="680." data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/680-%D0%B5" title="680-е – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="680-е" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/680-e" title="680-e – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="680-e" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/680-an" title="680-an – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="680-an" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/680-luku" title="680-luku – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="680-luku" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/680-talet" title="680-talet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="680-talet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/680-%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="680-еллар – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="680-еллар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%B0%D0%B8_680_(%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D3%A3)" title="Даҳаи 680 (мелодӣ) – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Даҳаи 680 (мелодӣ)" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/680%C3%BD%C3%BD" title="680ýý – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="680ýý" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/680-%D1%82%D1%96" title="680-ті – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="680-ті" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/680%D8%A1_%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C" title="680ء کی دہائی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="680ء کی دہائی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BA%ADp_ni%C3%AAn_680" title="Thập niên 680 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thập niên 680" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/680_nga_dekada" title="680 nga dekada – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="680 nga dekada" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/680%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="680年代 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="680年代" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/680%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="680年代 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="680年代" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/680%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="680年代 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="680年代" data-language-autonym="中文" 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Decade</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Millennium</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/1st_millennium" title="1st millennium">1st millennium</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Centuries</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/6th_century" title="6th century">6th century</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/7th_century" title="7th century">7th century</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8th_century" title="8th century">8th century</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Decades</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/660s" title="660s">660s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/670s" title="670s">670s</a></li> <li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">680s</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/690s" title="690s">690s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/700s_(decade)" title="700s (decade)">700s</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_years" title="List of years">Years</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AD_680" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 680">680</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_681" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 681">681</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_682" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 682">682</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_683" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 683">683</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_684" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 684">684</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AD_685" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 685">685</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_686" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 686">686</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_687" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 687">687</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_688" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 688">688</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_689" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 689">689</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:680s_births" title="Category:680s births">Births</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:680s_deaths" title="Category:680s deaths">Deaths</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:680s_establishments" title="Category:680s establishments">Establishments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:680s_disestablishments" title="Category:680s disestablishments">Disestablishments</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Decadebox" title="Template:Decadebox"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Decadebox" title="Template talk:Decadebox"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Decadebox" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Decadebox"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>680s</b> decade ran from January 1, 680, to December 31, 689. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="680">680</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/AD_680" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 680">AD 680</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_680&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_680&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=680&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Byzantine_Empire"> Byzantine Empire</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=680&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Byzantine Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine%E2%80%93Bulgarian_wars#Asparukh's_war" title="Byzantine–Bulgarian wars">Byzantine–Bulgarian War</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Bulgarians" title="Bulgarians">Bulgars</a> under <a href="/wiki/Asparukh_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Asparukh of Bulgaria">Asparukh</a> subjugate the country of current-day <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>, north of the <a href="/wiki/Balkan_Mountains" title="Balkan Mountains">Balkan Mountains</a>. Emperor <a href="/wiki/Constantine_IV" title="Constantine IV">Constantine IV</a> leads a combined land and sea operation against the invaders and <a href="/wiki/Siege" title="Siege">besieges</a> their fortified camp in <a href="/wiki/Dobruja" title="Dobruja">Dobruja</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBury1889333–334_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBury1889333–334-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ongal" title="Battle of Ongal">Battle of Ongal</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_army" title="Byzantine army">Byzantine army</a> (25,000 men) under <a href="/wiki/Constantine_IV" title="Constantine IV">Constantine IV</a> is defeated by the Bulgars and their <a href="/wiki/Seven_Slavic_tribes" title="Seven Slavic tribes">Slavic allies</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Danube_Delta" title="Danube Delta">Danube Delta</a>. Bulgar cavalry force the Byzantines into a rout, while Constantine (suffering from leg pain) travels to <a href="/wiki/Nesebar" title="Nesebar">Nesebar</a> to seek treatment.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Europe"> Europe</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=680&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>King <a href="/wiki/Wamba_(king)" title="Wamba (king)">Wamba</a> is deposed after an 8-year reign, and forced to retire to a <a href="/wiki/Monastery" title="Monastery">monastery</a>. He is succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Erwig" title="Erwig">Erwig</a> who becomes ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Visigothic_Kingdom" title="Visigothic Kingdom">Visigothic Kingdom</a>.</li> <li>King <a href="/wiki/Perctarit" title="Perctarit">Perctarit</a> makes his son <a href="/wiki/Cunipert" title="Cunipert">Cunipert</a> co-ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Lombards" title="Kingdom of the Lombards">Lombard Kingdom</a>. He signs a formal <a href="/wiki/Peace_treaty" title="Peace treaty">peace treaty</a> with <a href="/wiki/Constantine_IV" title="Constantine IV">Constantine IV</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pippin_of_Herstal" class="mw-redirect" title="Pippin of Herstal">Pippin of Herstal</a> becomes <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_the_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayor of the Palace">Mayor of the Palace</a> of <a href="/wiki/Austrasia" title="Austrasia">Austrasia</a>.</li> <li>The emporium (market town) of <a href="/wiki/Dorestad" title="Dorestad">Dorestad</a> is founded near the mouth of the Rhine, and soon becomes a major trading settlement in the North Sea region (approximate date).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHodges1984_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHodges1984-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Britain"> Britain</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=680&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: Britain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>King <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A6dwalla_of_Wessex" class="mw-redirect" title="Cædwalla of Wessex">Cædwalla of Wessex</a> becomes overly ambitious in a power-struggle with his rival, King <a href="/wiki/Centwine_of_Wessex" title="Centwine of Wessex">Centwine</a>, for <a href="/wiki/Wessex" title="Wessex">Wessex</a> overlordship. He is banished into the forests of Chiltern and <a href="/wiki/Weald#History" title="Weald">Andred</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKirby1992119_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirby1992119-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Arabian_Empire"> Arabian Empire</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=680&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: Arabian Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yazid_I" title="Yazid I">Yazid I</a>, son of Muawiyah I, becomes the sixth <a href="/wiki/Caliph" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliph">caliph</a> (second Umayyad caliph) but <a href="/wiki/Kufa" title="Kufa">Kufans</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a> rebel and invite <a href="/wiki/Husayn_ibn_Ali" title="Husayn ibn Ali">Hussein ibn Ali</a> (grandson of <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a>) to take the throne.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_10" title="October 10">October 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Karbala" title="Battle of Karbala">Battle of Karbala</a>: Forces under Yazid I kill Hussein ibn Ali and his closest supporters.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGordon2005144–146_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGordon2005144–146-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This event leads to the civil war known as the <a href="/wiki/Second_Fitna" title="Second Fitna">Second Fitna</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Asia"> Asia</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=680&action=edit&section=T-6" title="Edit section: Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>In <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, Princess <a href="/wiki/Empress_Jit%C5%8D" title="Empress Jitō">Uno Sarara</a> is unwell, and Emperor <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Tenmu" title="Emperor Tenmu">Tenmu</a> begins the erection of the Temple of <a href="/wiki/Yakushi-ji" title="Yakushi-ji">Yakushi-ji</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nara_Prefecture" title="Nara Prefecture">Nara Prefecture</a>). He makes 100 people enter religion as <a href="/wiki/Priest" title="Priest">priests</a>, wishing her to recover her health.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_topic"> By topic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=680&action=edit&section=T-7" title="Edit section: By topic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Religion"> Religion</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=680&action=edit&section=T-8" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/September_17" title="September 17">September 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Theodore_of_Tarsus" title="Theodore of Tarsus">Theodore of Tarsus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury" title="Archbishop of Canterbury">archbishop of Canterbury</a>, convenes a <a href="/wiki/Synod" title="Synod">synod</a> at <a href="/wiki/Hatfield,_Hertfordshire" title="Hatfield, Hertfordshire">Hatfield</a> that clears the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">English Church</a> from any association with the <a href="/wiki/Heresy" title="Heresy">heresy</a> of <a href="/wiki/Monothelitism" title="Monothelitism">monothelitism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollierBarham1840250_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECollierBarham1840250-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_7" title="November 7">November 7</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Third_Council_of_Constantinople" title="Third Council of Constantinople">Third Council of Constantinople</a> (Sixth Ecumenical Council) opens in <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a> to settle the theological controversies of <a href="/wiki/Monoenergism" title="Monoenergism">monoenergism</a> and monothelitism, ending <a href="/wiki/September_16" title="September 16">September 16</a>, <a href="/wiki/681" title="681">681</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilfrid" title="Wilfrid">Wilfrid</a> returns to <a href="/wiki/Northumbria" title="Northumbria">Northumbria</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">papal</a> support, but is imprisoned by King <a href="/wiki/Ecgfrith_of_Northumbria" title="Ecgfrith of Northumbria">Ecgfrith</a>, and again <a href="/wiki/Exile" title="Exile">exiled</a>. He travels to the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sussex" title="Kingdom of Sussex">Kingdom of Sussex</a> and begins to <a href="/wiki/Evangelism" title="Evangelism">evangelise</a> the people.</li> <li>King <a href="/wiki/Merewalh" title="Merewalh">Merewalh</a> of <a href="/wiki/Magons%C3%A6te" title="Magonsæte">Magonsæte</a> founds the monastery of <a href="/wiki/Wenlock_Priory" title="Wenlock Priory">Wenlock Priory</a> in <a href="/wiki/Shropshire" title="Shropshire">Shropshire</a>, England, appointing his daughter <a href="/wiki/Mildburh" title="Mildburh">Milburga</a> as <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Benedict" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of Saint Benedict">Benedictine</a> abbess.</li> <li>Approximate date <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Boniface" title="Saint Boniface">Boniface</a> begins his education at an English Celtic <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a> monastery, probably in <a href="/wiki/Exeter" title="Exeter">Exeter</a> near his birthplace and one of many <i>monasteriola</i> built by local landowners and churchmen.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchieffer197276–77,_103–105_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchieffer197276–77,_103–105-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Durrow" title="Book of Durrow">Book of Durrow</a> is created, probably in Northumbria or on the island of <a href="/wiki/Iona" title="Iona">Iona</a> in the Scottish <a href="/wiki/Inner_Hebrides" title="Inner Hebrides">Inner Hebrides</a>.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="681">681</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/AD_681" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 681">AD 681</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_681&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_681&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place_2"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=681&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Byzantine_Empire_2"> Byzantine Empire</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=681&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Byzantine Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine%E2%80%93Bulgarian_wars#Asparukh's_war" title="Byzantine–Bulgarian wars">Byzantine–Bulgarian War</a>: Emperor <a href="/wiki/Constantine_IV" title="Constantine IV">Constantine IV</a> is forced to acknowledge the <a href="/wiki/First_Bulgarian_Empire" title="First Bulgarian Empire">Bulgar state</a> in <a href="/wiki/Moesia" title="Moesia">Moesia</a>, and to pay protection money to avoid further inroads into Byzantine <a href="/wiki/Thrace" title="Thrace">Thrace</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENorwich1990326_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENorwich1990326-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Consequently, Constantine creates the <a href="/wiki/Thrace_(theme)" title="Thrace (theme)">Theme of Thrace</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a> (located in the south-eastern <a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkans</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKazhdan1991501_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKazhdan1991501-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Autumn – A military revolt breaks out in the <a href="/wiki/Anatolic_Theme" title="Anatolic Theme">Anatolic Theme</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>). The <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_army" title="Byzantine army">Byzantine army</a> marches to <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Csk%C3%BCdar" title="Üsküdar">Chrysopolis</a>, and sends a delegation across the straits of the <a href="/wiki/Dardanelles" title="Dardanelles">Hellespont</a> to <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>, demanding that the two brothers should remain co-emperors alongside Constantine IV.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBury1889308_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBury1889308-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>September/November – Constantine IV has his brothers <a href="/wiki/Heraclius_(son_of_Constans_II)" title="Heraclius (son of Constans II)">Heraclius</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tiberius_(son_of_Constans_II)" title="Tiberius (son of Constans II)">Tiberius</a> <a href="/wiki/Political_mutilation_in_Byzantine_culture" title="Political mutilation in Byzantine culture">mutilated</a>, so they will be unable to rule. He orders that their images no longer appear on any <a href="/wiki/Coin" title="Coin">coinage</a>, and that their names be removed from official documentation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBellingerGrierson1968513_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBellingerGrierson1968513-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Constantine IV agrees to a <a href="/wiki/Compromise" title="Compromise">compromise</a>, and persuades the army to return to their <a href="/wiki/Barracks" title="Barracks">barracks</a> in <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a>. He invites the leaders of the rebellion to come to Constantinople and consult the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Senate">Senate</a> as to how to implement the terms. On their arrival, he arrests the leaders and has them <a href="/wiki/Hanging" title="Hanging">hung</a> at <a href="/wiki/Galata" title="Galata">Sycae</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBury1889309_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBury1889309-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Europe_2"> Europe</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=681&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_9" title="January 9">January 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Council_of_Toledo" title="Twelfth Council of Toledo">Twelfth Council of Toledo</a>: King <a href="/wiki/Erwig" title="Erwig">Erwig</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Visigoths" title="Visigoths">Visigoths</a> initiates a council, in which he implements diverse measures against the <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a>. Laws against violence to <a href="/wiki/Slavery" title="Slavery">slaves</a> are suppressed.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Britain_2"> Britain</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=681&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: Britain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>King <a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelwalh_of_Sussex" class="mw-redirect" title="Æthelwalh of Sussex">Æthelwalh of Sussex</a> gives <a href="/wiki/Wilfrid" title="Wilfrid">Wilfrid</a>, exiled <a href="/wiki/Bishop" title="Bishop">bishop</a> of <a href="/wiki/York" title="York">York</a>, lands in <a href="/wiki/Selsey" title="Selsey">Selsey</a> to found a <a href="/wiki/Cathedral" title="Cathedral">cathedral</a>, named <a href="/wiki/Selsey_Abbey" title="Selsey Abbey">Selsey Abbey</a>.</li> <li>King <a href="/wiki/Ecgfrith_of_Northumbria" title="Ecgfrith of Northumbria">Ecgfrith of Northumbria</a> requests that the <a href="/wiki/Monk" title="Monk">monks</a> of <a href="/wiki/Monkwearmouth" title="Monkwearmouth">Monkwearmouth</a> found a new <a href="/wiki/Monkwearmouth-Jarrow_Abbey" class="mw-redirect" title="Monkwearmouth-Jarrow Abbey">monastery</a> at <a href="/wiki/Jarrow" title="Jarrow">Jarrow</a> (or <a href="/wiki/682" title="682">682</a>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Arabian_Empire_2"> Arabian Empire</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=681&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: Arabian Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>A <a href="/wiki/Arab_Muslims" title="Arab Muslims">Muslim Arab</a> army led by <a href="/wiki/Uqba_ibn_Nafi" title="Uqba ibn Nafi">Uqba ibn Nafi</a> reaches <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, before being forced back into <a href="/wiki/Cyrene,_Libya" title="Cyrene, Libya">Cyrene</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Berber_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Berber people">Berbers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETucker2010205_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETucker2010205-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caucasian_Albania" title="Caucasian Albania">Albanians</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Iberia" title="Principality of Iberia">Iberians</a> rise in rebellion against the <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad Caliphate</a> (approximate date).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Asia_2"> Asia</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=681&action=edit&section=T-6" title="Edit section: Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>In <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> the <a href="/wiki/Asuka_Kiyomihara_Code" title="Asuka Kiyomihara Code">Asuka Kiyomihara Code</a> is commenced under <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Tenmu" title="Emperor Tenmu">Emperor Tenmu</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilterish_Qaghan" title="Ilterish Qaghan">Kutluk Khan</a> revolts and establishes the <a href="/wiki/Second_Turkic_Khaganate" title="Second Turkic Khaganate">Second Turkic Khaganate</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Kusakabe" title="Prince Kusakabe">Kusakabe</a>, second son of Tenmu, is made <a href="/wiki/Crown_prince" title="Crown prince">crown prince</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinmun_of_Silla" title="Sinmun of Silla">Sinmun</a> becomes king of the Korean kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Silla" title="Silla">Silla</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-met_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-met-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_topic_2"> By topic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=681&action=edit&section=T-7" title="Edit section: By topic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Religion_2"> Religion</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=681&action=edit&section=T-8" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_10" title="January 10">January 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pope_Agatho" title="Pope Agatho">Pope Agatho</a> dies at <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> of <a href="/wiki/Plague_(disease)" title="Plague (disease)">plague</a> after a 2½-year reign, in which he has persuaded Constantine IV to abolish the <a href="/wiki/Tax" title="Tax">tax</a> heretofore levied at the consecration of a newly elected <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">pope</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_16" title="September 16">September 16</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Third_Council_of_Constantinople" title="Third Council of Constantinople">Sixth Ecumenical Council</a> (see <a href="/wiki/680" title="680">680</a>) ends at <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>. The council reaffirms the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Orthodox</a> doctrines of the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Chalcedon" title="Council of Chalcedon">Council of Chalcedon</a> in <a href="/wiki/451" title="451">451</a>, and condemns <a href="/wiki/Monothelitism" title="Monothelitism">monothelitism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="682">682</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/AD_682" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 682">AD 682</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_682&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_682&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place_3"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=682&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Europe_3"> Europe</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=682&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>King <a href="/wiki/Erwig" title="Erwig">Erwig</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Visigoths" title="Visigoths">Visigoths</a> continues oppression of the Jews in Spain. He makes it illegal to practice any Jewish rites (<i><a href="/wiki/Brit_milah" title="Brit milah">brit milah</a></i>), and presses for the conversion or <a href="/wiki/Emigration" title="Emigration">emigration</a> of the remaining Jews.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gistemar" title="Gistemar">Gistemar</a> becomes <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_the_palace" title="Mayor of the palace">mayor of the palace</a> in <a href="/wiki/Neustria" title="Neustria">Neustria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Burgundy" title="Kingdom of Burgundy">Burgundy</a>, after he deposes his father <a href="/wiki/Waratto" title="Waratto">Waratto</a>. He reverses the peace treaty with <a href="/wiki/Austrasia" title="Austrasia">Austrasia</a>, signed with <a href="/wiki/Pepin_of_Herstal" title="Pepin of Herstal">Pepin of Herstal</a> at <a href="/wiki/Namur" title="Namur">Namur</a>.</li> <li>King <a href="/wiki/Ecgfrith_of_Northumbria" title="Ecgfrith of Northumbria">Ecgfrith</a> requests <a href="/wiki/Benedict_Biscop" title="Benedict Biscop">Benedict Biscop</a> to build a second <a href="/wiki/Monkwearmouth%E2%80%93Jarrow_Abbey" title="Monkwearmouth–Jarrow Abbey">monastery</a> at <a href="/wiki/Jarrow" title="Jarrow">Jarrow</a> (<a href="/wiki/Northumbria" title="Northumbria">Northumbria</a>). Benedict leaves <a href="/wiki/Monkwearmouth" title="Monkwearmouth">Monkwearmouth</a> with 20 <a href="/wiki/Monk" title="Monk">monks</a>, (including his protégé, the young <a href="/wiki/Bede" title="Bede">Bede</a>).</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Wessex" title="Wessex">West Saxons</a>, led by King <a href="/wiki/Centwine_of_Wessex" title="Centwine of Wessex">Centwine</a>, drive the <a href="/wiki/Celtic_Britons" title="Celtic Britons">Britons</a> of <a href="/wiki/Dumnonia" title="Dumnonia">Dumnonia</a> (<a href="/wiki/West_Country" title="West Country">West Country</a>) to the sea (possibly around <a href="/wiki/Bideford" title="Bideford">Bideford</a>).</li> <li>The wandering ex-Wessex sub-king, <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A6dwalla" title="Cædwalla">Cædwalla</a>, seeks <a href="/wiki/Wilfrid" title="Wilfrid">St. Wilfrid</a> as his spiritual father, but does not convert to <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridei_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Bridei III">Bridei III</a>, King of the <a href="/wiki/Picts" title="Picts">Picts</a>, campaigns violently against <a href="/wiki/Orkney" title="Orkney">Orkney</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Africa"> Africa</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=682&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>At about this time, Muslim <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad Caliphate</a> forces led by <a href="/wiki/Uqba_ibn_Nafi" title="Uqba ibn Nafi">Uqba ibn Nafi</a> overrun the south coast of the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a>. He occupies the cities of <a href="/wiki/Tripoli,_Libya" title="Tripoli, Libya">Tripoli</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carthage" title="Carthage">Carthage</a>, the last <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a> bases in Africa. In 682 or 683 the Umayyads are ambushed at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vescera" title="Battle of Vescera">Battle of Vescera</a> near <a href="/wiki/Biskra" title="Biskra">Biskra</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>) by <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Altava" title="Kingdom of Altava">Romano-Berbers</a> of King <a href="/wiki/Kusaila" title="Kusaila">Caecilius</a> and their <a href="/wiki/Byzantine" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine">Byzantine</a> allies from the <a href="/wiki/Exarchate_of_Carthage" class="mw-redirect" title="Exarchate of Carthage">Exarchate of Carthage</a>. Uqba ibn Nafi is killed and his army evacuates the city of <a href="/wiki/Kairouan" title="Kairouan">Kairouan</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a> and withdraws to <a href="/wiki/Barca_(ancient_city)" title="Barca (ancient city)">Barca</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Asia_3"> Asia</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=682&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Due to a culmination of major droughts, floods, <a href="/wiki/Locust" title="Locust">locust</a> plagues and epidemics, a widespread famine breaks out in the dual Chinese capital cities of <a href="/wiki/Chang%27an" title="Chang'an">Chang'an</a> (primary capital) and <a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a> (secondary capital). The scarcity of food drives the price of grain to unprecedented heights, ending a once prosperous era under emperors <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Taizong_of_Tang" title="Emperor Taizong of Tang">Taizong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Gaozong_of_Tang" title="Emperor Gaozong of Tang">Gaozong</a> on a sad note.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Tenmu" title="Emperor Tenmu">Emperor Tenmu</a> issues a decree forbidding the Japanese-style cap of ranks and garments, and changing them into Chinese ones. He also makes a decree forbidding men to wear leggings and women to let down their hair on their backs. It is from this time, that the practice begins of women riding on horseback like men. He issues an edict prescribing the character of ceremonies and language to be used on occasions of <a href="/wiki/Ceremony" title="Ceremony">ceremony</a>. Ceremonial kneeling and crawling are both abolished, and the ceremonial custom of standing at the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang</a> court is practiced.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Mesoamerica"> Mesoamerica</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=682&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: Mesoamerica"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jasaw_Chan_K%CA%BCawiil_I" title="Jasaw Chan Kʼawiil I">Jasaw Chan Kʼawiil I</a> starts to rule in <a href="/wiki/Tikal" title="Tikal">Tikal</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a>) during the <a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_chronology#Classic_period" title="Mesoamerican chronology">Late Classic period</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%CA%BCalaj_Chan_K%CA%BCawiil" title="Bʼalaj Chan Kʼawiil">Bʼalaj Chan Kʼawiil</a> begins a program to inscribe monuments recording his travails and ultimate victory, during the <a href="/wiki/Second_Tikal%E2%80%93Calakmul_War" title="Second Tikal–Calakmul War">Second Tikal–Calakmul War</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_topic_3"> By topic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=682&action=edit&section=T-6" title="Edit section: By topic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Astronomy"> Astronomy</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=682&action=edit&section=T-7" title="Edit section: Astronomy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_3" title="January 3">January 3</a> – Venus <a href="/wiki/Occultation" title="Occultation">occults</a> Jupiter.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Literature"> Literature</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=682&action=edit&section=T-8" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The first entry is made in the Welsh chronicle <i><a href="/wiki/Brut_y_Tywysogion" title="Brut y Tywysogion">Brut y Tywysogion</a></i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Religion_3"> Religion</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=682&action=edit&section=T-9" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/August_17" title="August 17">August 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_II" title="Pope Leo II">Pope Leo II</a> succeeds <a href="/wiki/Pope_Agatho" title="Pope Agatho">Agatho</a> as the 80th <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">pope</a>, after a period of <i><a href="/wiki/Sede_vacante" title="Sede vacante">sede vacante</a></i> ("vacant seat") of a year and 7 months.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="683">683</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/AD_683" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 683">AD 683</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_683&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_683&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place_4"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=683&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Britain_3"> Britain</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=683&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Britain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>King <a href="/wiki/Sighere_of_Essex" title="Sighere of Essex">Sighere of Essex</a> dies after a 19-year joint reign. His brother <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A6bbi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sæbbi">Sæbbi</a> becomes the sole ruler of <a href="/wiki/Essex" title="Essex">Essex</a> until his death in <a href="/wiki/694" title="694">694</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Arabian_Empire_3"> Arabian Empire</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=683&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: Arabian Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Fitna" title="Second Fitna">Second Fitna</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/August_26" title="August 26">August 26</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Harra" title="Battle of al-Harra">Battle of al-Harra</a> is fought between forces of the <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad Caliphate</a> and the rebel defenders of <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a> at a lava field northeast of the city.</li> <li>September–November – <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Mecca_(683)" title="Siege of Mecca (683)">Siege of Mecca</a>: The Umayyad army led by <a href="/wiki/Husayn_ibn_Numayr_al-Sakuni" title="Husayn ibn Numayr al-Sakuni">Husayn ibn Numayr al-Sakuni</a> besieges <a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a>, during which the <a href="/wiki/Kaaba" title="Kaaba">Kaaba</a> ("Sacred House") catches fire and is burned down.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_14" title="November 14">November 14</a> – Caliph <a href="/wiki/Yazid_I" title="Yazid I">Yazid I</a> dies at <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a>, after a 3-year reign marked by <a href="/wiki/Civil_war" title="Civil war">civil war</a>. He is succeeded by his son <a href="/wiki/Muawiya_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Muawiya II">Muawiya II</a> as ruler of the Umayyad Caliphate.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Asia_4"> Asia</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=683&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/December_27" title="December 27">December 27</a> – Emperor <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Gaozong_of_Tang" title="Emperor Gaozong of Tang">Gaozong</a> dies at <a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a>, age 55, after a 34-year reign in which he expanded the <a href="/wiki/History_of_China#Tang_dynasty_(618–907)" title="History of China">Chinese Empire</a> by acquiring <a href="/wiki/Three_Kingdoms_of_Korea" title="Three Kingdoms of Korea">Korea</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Vassal_state" title="Vassal state">vassal state</a>.</li> <li>Emperor <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Tenmu" title="Emperor Tenmu">Tenmu</a> decrees a <a href="/wiki/Japanese_currency" title="Japanese currency">reform</a> in <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>; copper coins must be used instead of <a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">silver</a> coins. Three days later he issues a decree to allow the continued use of silver.</li> <li>Prince <a href="/wiki/Prince_Otsu" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Otsu">Ōtsu</a>, son of Tenmu, starts to attend to matters of State at about this time.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srivijaya" title="Srivijaya">Srivijaya</a> is founded by <a href="/wiki/Sri_Jayanasa_of_Srivijaya" title="Sri Jayanasa of Srivijaya">Sri Jayanasa</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Mesoamerica_2"> Mesoamerica</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=683&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: Mesoamerica"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/K%27inich_Janaab%27_Pakal" class="mw-redirect" title="K'inich Janaab' Pakal">K'inich Janaab' Pakal</a> ("Pacal the Great"), ruler (<i><a href="/wiki/Ajaw" title="Ajaw">ajaw</a></i>) of the <a href="/wiki/Maya_civilization" title="Maya civilization">Maya</a> state of <a href="/wiki/Palenque" title="Palenque">Palenque</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>), dies after a 68-year reign. He is buried in the <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_the_Inscriptions" title="Temple of the Inscriptions">Temple of the Inscriptions</a>. He is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_longest-reigning_monarchs" title="List of longest-reigning monarchs">longest-reigning monarch</a> in the world until <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV" title="Louis XIV">Louis XIV</a> breaks that record in 1711, almost 1028 years later and remains the longest-reigning monarch in the Americas until <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a> breaks that record in 2020, almost 1337 years later</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_topic_4"> By topic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=683&action=edit&section=T-6" title="Edit section: By topic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Art"> Art</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=683&action=edit&section=T-7" title="Edit section: Art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Approximate date – The sarcophagus lid in the tomb of <a href="/wiki/K%27inich_Janaab%27_Pakal" class="mw-redirect" title="K'inich Janaab' Pakal">K'inich Janaab' Pakal</a> (Shield 2), <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_the_Inscriptions" title="Temple of the Inscriptions">Temple of the Inscriptions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palenque" title="Palenque">Palenque</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> (<a href="/wiki/Maya_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Maya culture">Maya culture</a>) is made.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Religion_4"> Religion</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=683&action=edit&section=T-8" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/June_28" title="June 28">June 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_II" title="Pope Leo II">Pope Leo II</a> dies at <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> 10 months after being <a href="/wiki/Consecration" class="mw-redirect" title="Consecration">consecrated</a>.</li> <li>Approximate date – <a href="/wiki/Seaxwulf" title="Seaxwulf">Seaxwulf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Lichfield" title="Bishop of Lichfield">bishop of Mercia</a>, founds <a href="/wiki/All_Saints%27_Church,_Brixworth" title="All Saints' Church, Brixworth">All Saints' Church</a> at <a href="/wiki/Brixworth" title="Brixworth">Brixworth</a> in England.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="684">684</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/AD_684" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 684">AD 684</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_684&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_684&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place_5"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=684&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Europe_4"> Europe</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=684&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gistemar" title="Gistemar">Ghislemar</a>, mayor of the palace in <a href="/wiki/Neustria" title="Neustria">Neustria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Burgundy" title="Kingdom of Burgundy">Burgundy</a>, dies after a 2-year reign, and is succeeded by his father <a href="/wiki/Waratto" title="Waratto">Waratto</a>. He makes peace between the three <a href="/wiki/Francia" title="Francia">Frankish kingdoms</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Britain_4"> Britain</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=684&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: Britain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>King <a href="/wiki/Ecgfrith_of_Northumbria" title="Ecgfrith of Northumbria">Ecgfrith of Northumbria</a> sends a <a href="/wiki/Punitive_expedition" title="Punitive expedition">punitive expedition</a> to Ireland under his <a href="/wiki/Ealdorman" title="Ealdorman">ealdorman</a> Berht, laying waste to the territory of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Meath" title="Kingdom of Meath">Meath</a>, ruled by High King <a href="/wiki/F%C3%ADnsnechta_Fledach" title="Fínsnechta Fledach">Fínsnechta Fledach</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Arabian_Empire_4"> Arabian Empire</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=684&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: Arabian Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Caliph <a href="/wiki/Mu%27awiya_II" title="Mu'awiya II">Mu'awiya II</a> dies at <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a>, after a brief reign that ends <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate#Sufyanids" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Sufyanid rule</a>. A new <a href="/wiki/Caliph" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliph">caliph</a> is proclaimed in <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> amidst <a href="/wiki/Endemic_warfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Endemic warfare">tribal wars</a>, but <a href="/wiki/Marwan_I" title="Marwan I">Marwan I</a> will reign until next year.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_18" title="August 18">August 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Marj_Rahit_(684)" title="Battle of Marj Rahit (684)">Battle of Marj Rahit</a>: Muslim <a href="/wiki/Partisan_(military)" title="Partisan (military)">partisans</a> under Marwan I defeat the supporters of <a href="/wiki/Abd_Allah_ibn_al-Zubayr" title="Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr">Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr</a> near Damascus, and cement <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad</a> control of Syria.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Asia_5"> Asia</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=684&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_3" title="January 3">January 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Zhongzong_of_Tang" title="Emperor Zhongzong of Tang">Zhong Zong</a> succeeds his father <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Gaozong_of_Tang" title="Emperor Gaozong of Tang">Gao Zong</a>, and becomes emperor of the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a>. His mother <a href="/wiki/Wu_Zetian" title="Wu Zetian">Wu Zetian</a> remains the <a href="/wiki/Power_behind_the_throne" title="Power behind the throne">power behind the throne</a> in China.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_27" title="February 27">February 27</a> – Wu Zetian replaces Zhong Zong in favor of his younger brother <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Ruizong_of_Tang" title="Emperor Ruizong of Tang">Rui Zong</a>. He becomes a <a href="/wiki/Puppet_ruler" title="Puppet ruler">puppet ruler</a>, and Zhong Zong is placed under <a href="/wiki/House_arrest" title="House arrest">house arrest</a>.</li> <li>Summer – The <a href="/wiki/Pallava_dynasty" title="Pallava dynasty">Pallava Empire</a> (modern India) invades the kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Ceylon</a>. A Pallavan naval expedition employing <a href="/wiki/Tamils" title="Tamils">Tamil</a> mercenaries ends the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Sri_Lankan_monarchs#House_of_Moriya_(463–691)" title="List of Sri Lankan monarchs">Moriya dynasty</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="=Japan="><span id=".3DJapan.3D"></span>=Japan=</h6></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/September_7" title="September 7">September 7</a> – A large <a href="/wiki/Comet" title="Comet">comet</a> is observed in Japan (it's Japan's oldest observation record of <a href="/wiki/Halley%27s_Comet" title="Halley's Comet">Halley's Comet</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_13" title="November 13">November 13</a> – Emperor <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Tenmu" title="Emperor Tenmu">Tenmu</a> institutes eight titles of eight classes (<i><a href="/wiki/Kabane" title="Kabane">Yakusa-no-kabane</a></i>) in Japan.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_26" title="November 26">November 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/684_Hakuho_earthquake" class="mw-redirect" title="684 Hakuho earthquake">684 Hakuho earthquake</a>. A great <a href="/wiki/Earthquake" title="Earthquake">earthquake</a> strikes Japan. The people, houses, <a href="/wiki/Buddhist_temples_in_Japan" title="Buddhist temples in Japan">temples</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shinto_shrine" title="Shinto shrine">shrines</a> and domestic animals are greatly damaged.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Mesoamerica_3"> Mesoamerica</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=684&action=edit&section=T-7" title="Edit section: Mesoamerica"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_10" title="February 10">February 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/K%CA%BCinich_Kan_Bahlam_II" title="Kʼinich Kan Bahlam II">Kʼinich Kan Bahlam II</a> accedes to the rulership of the <a href="/wiki/Maya_civilization" title="Maya civilization">Maya</a> polity of <a href="/wiki/Palenque" title="Palenque">Palenque</a> (modern Mexico).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_topic_5"> By topic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=684&action=edit&section=T-8" title="Edit section: By topic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Religion_5"> Religion</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=684&action=edit&section=T-9" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuthbert" title="Cuthbert">Cuthbert</a> is elected <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Hexham" title="Bishop of Hexham">Bishop of Hexham</a>, and receives a visit from a large group under Ecgfrith. He agrees to return to <a href="/wiki/Lindisfarne" title="Lindisfarne">Lindisfarne</a> (<a href="/wiki/Northumbria" title="Northumbria">Northumbria</a>) to take up duties.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_26" title="June 26">June 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_II" title="Pope Benedict II">Pope Benedict II</a> succeeds <a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_II" title="Pope Leo II">Leo II</a> as the 81st <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">pope</a> of Rome, after a period of <i><a href="/wiki/Sede_vacante" title="Sede vacante">sede vacante</a></i> ("vacant seat") of 1 year.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="685">685</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/AD_685" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 685">AD 685</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_685&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_685&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place_6"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=685&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Byzantine_Empire_3"> Byzantine Empire</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=685&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Byzantine Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_10" title="July 10">July 10</a> – Emperor <a href="/wiki/Constantine_IV" title="Constantine IV">Constantine IV</a> dies of <a href="/wiki/Dysentery" title="Dysentery">dysentery</a> at <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a> after a 17-year reign, and is succeeded by his 16-year-old son <a href="/wiki/Justinian_II" title="Justinian II">Justinian II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKazhdan19911084_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKazhdan19911084-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Europe_5"> Europe</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=685&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kuber" title="Kuber">Kuber</a>, brother of <a href="/wiki/Asparukh_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Asparukh of Bulgaria">Asparukh of Bulgaria</a>, defeats the <a href="/wiki/Avars_(Carpathians)" class="mw-redirect" title="Avars (Carpathians)">Avars</a> in <a href="/wiki/Syrmia" title="Syrmia">Syrmia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pannonia_(Roman_province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pannonia (Roman province)">Pannonia</a>). He leads his followers of around 70,000 people to <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(region)" title="Macedonia (region)">Macedonia</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Britain_5"> Britain</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=685&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: Britain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_20" title="May 20">May 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dun_Nechtain" title="Battle of Dun Nechtain">Battle of Dun Nechtain</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Picts" title="Picts">Picts</a> under King <a href="/wiki/Bridei_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Bridei III">Bridei III</a> revolt against their Northumbrian overlords. <a href="/wiki/Cuthbert" title="Cuthbert">Cuthbert</a>, bishop of <a href="/wiki/Lindisfarne" title="Lindisfarne">Lindisfarne</a>, advises King <a href="/wiki/Ecgfrith_of_Northumbria" title="Ecgfrith of Northumbria">Ecgfrith of Northumbria</a> (Bridei's cousin) not to invade Pictland (modern <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>). Undeterred, Ecgfrith marches his army north to engage the enemy near <a href="/wiki/Dunnichen" title="Dunnichen">Dunnichen</a>. The Picts, possibly with <a href="/wiki/Scottish_people" title="Scottish people">Scottish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Strathclyde" title="Strathclyde">Strathclyde</a> <a href="/wiki/Britons_(Celtic_people)" class="mw-redirect" title="Britons (Celtic people)">Briton</a> help, defeat the <a href="/wiki/Saxons" title="Saxons">Saxon</a> guard, killing Ecgfrith, who has reigned for 15 years, routing his army and forcing the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Saxon">Anglo-Saxons</a> to withdraw south of the <a href="/wiki/River_Forth" title="River Forth">River Forth</a>.</li> <li>King <a href="/wiki/Centwine_of_Wessex" title="Centwine of Wessex">Centwine of Wessex</a> dies after a 9-year reign and is succeeded by his distant cousin, <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A6dwalla_of_Wessex" class="mw-redirect" title="Cædwalla of Wessex">Cædwalla</a>, who manages to fully re-unite the sub-kingdoms of <a href="/wiki/Wessex" title="Wessex">Wessex</a>. He attacks <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sussex" title="Kingdom of Sussex">Sussex</a> with a large army, and kills King <a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelwealh_of_Sussex" title="Æthelwealh of Sussex">Æthelwealh</a> in battle, in the <a href="/wiki/South_Downs" title="South Downs">South Downs</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hampshire" title="Hampshire">Hampshire</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-InSaxonSx_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-InSaxonSx-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is expelled by Æthelwealh's <a href="/wiki/Ealdormen" class="mw-redirect" title="Ealdormen">ealdormen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Berthun_of_Sussex" title="Berthun of Sussex">Berthun</a> and <a href="/wiki/Andhun_of_Sussex" title="Andhun of Sussex">Andhun</a>, who jointly rule the South Saxons. Cædwalla invades <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kent" title="Kingdom of Kent">Kent</a>, lays it waste, and carries off an immense <a href="/wiki/Looting" title="Looting">booty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldfrith_of_Northumbria" title="Aldfrith of Northumbria">Aldfrith</a>, illegitimate half-brother of Ecgfrith, becomes (possibly with <a href="/wiki/Irish_people" title="Irish people">Irish</a> and Scottish help) king of <a href="/wiki/Northumbria" title="Northumbria">Northumbria</a>. He is brought from <a href="/wiki/Iona" title="Iona">Iona</a> (<a href="/wiki/Inner_Hebrides" title="Inner Hebrides">Inner Hebrides</a>), where he is studying for a career in the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">church</a>.</li> <li>King <a href="/wiki/Eadric_of_Kent" title="Eadric of Kent">Eadric</a> revolts against his uncle <a href="/wiki/Hlothhere_of_Kent" title="Hlothhere of Kent">Hlothhere</a>, and defeats him in battle. He becomes sole ruler of Kent until his death in <a href="/wiki/686" title="686">686</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Arabian_Empire_5"> Arabian Empire</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=685&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: Arabian Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_%27Ayn_al-Warda" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of 'Ayn al-Warda">Battle of 'Ayn al-Warda</a>: An <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad</a> army (20,000 men) under <a href="/wiki/Husayn_ibn_Numayr_al-Sakuni" title="Husayn ibn Numayr al-Sakuni">Husayn ibn Numayr</a> defeats the pro-<a href="/wiki/Alids" title="Alids">Alid</a> <a href="/wiki/Kufa" title="Kufa">Kufans</a> at <a href="/wiki/Ras_al-Ayn,_al-Hasakah_Governorate" class="mw-redirect" title="Ras al-Ayn, al-Hasakah Governorate">Ras al-'Ayn</a> (<a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_7" title="May 7">May 7</a> – Caliph <a href="/wiki/Marwan_I" title="Marwan I">Marwan I</a> dies at <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a>, and is succeeded by his son <a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Malik_ibn_Marwan" title="Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan">Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan</a>.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Second_Fitna_Territorial_Control_Map_ca_686.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Second_Fitna_Territorial_Control_Map_ca_686.svg/330px-Second_Fitna_Territorial_Control_Map_ca_686.svg.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Second_Fitna_Territorial_Control_Map_ca_686.svg/495px-Second_Fitna_Territorial_Control_Map_ca_686.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Second_Fitna_Territorial_Control_Map_ca_686.svg/660px-Second_Fitna_Territorial_Control_Map_ca_686.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1880" data-file-height="1225" /></a><figcaption>Mukhtar controlled much of Iraq from October 685 until the end of 686.<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FA738B; color:black;"> </span> Region controlled by Abd al-Malik</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#7FE37F; color:black;"> </span> Region under the control of Mukhtar</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#6BB0D7 ; color:black;"> </span> Regions under the control/influence of Ibn al-Zubayr</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#EEE40D; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Kharijite" class="mw-redirect" title="Kharijite">Kharijite</a> controlled areas</div></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="China"> China</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=685&action=edit&section=T-6" title="Edit section: China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Empress <a href="/wiki/Wu_Zetian" title="Wu Zetian">Wu Zetian</a> sends a pair of <a href="/wiki/Giant_panda" title="Giant panda">giant pandas</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japanese</a> court of <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Tenmu" title="Emperor Tenmu">Emperor Tenmu</a>, as a <a href="/wiki/Panda_diplomacy" title="Panda diplomacy">diplomatic gift</a> (approximate date).</li> <li>Wu Zetian <a href="/wiki/Exile" title="Exile">exiles</a> her son <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Zhongzong_of_Tang" title="Emperor Zhongzong of Tang">Zhong Zong</a>, former emperor of the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a>, and his family to the island of Fang Zhou.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_topic_6"> By topic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=685&action=edit&section=T-7" title="Edit section: By topic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Religion_6"> Religion</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=685&action=edit&section=T-8" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_8" title="May 8">May 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_II" title="Pope Benedict II">Pope Benedict II</a> dies at <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> after a reign of less than 11 months. He is succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_V" title="Pope John V">John V</a> as the 82nd <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">pope</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Maron" title="John Maron">John Maron</a> is elected as the first <a href="/wiki/Patriarch" title="Patriarch">patriarch</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Maronite_Church" title="Maronite Church">Maronite Church</a> (approximate date).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="686">686</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/AD_686" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 686">AD 686</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_686&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_686&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place_7"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=686&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Europe_6"> Europe</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=686&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Waratton" class="mw-redirect" title="Waratton">Waratton</a>, mayor of the palace of <a href="/wiki/Neustria" title="Neustria">Neustria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Burgundy" title="Kingdom of Burgundy">Burgundy</a>, dies and is succeeded by his son-in-law <a href="/wiki/Berchar" title="Berchar">Berchar</a>. He advises King <a href="/wiki/Theuderic_III" title="Theuderic III">Theuderic III</a> to break the <a href="/wiki/Peace_treaty" title="Peace treaty">peace treaty</a> with <a href="/wiki/Pepin_of_Herstal" title="Pepin of Herstal">Pepin of Herstal</a>, and declares war on <a href="/wiki/Austrasia" title="Austrasia">Austrasia</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Britain_6"> Britain</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=686&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: Britain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>King <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A6dwalla_of_Wessex" class="mw-redirect" title="Cædwalla of Wessex">Cædwalla of Wessex</a> establishes overlordship of <a href="/wiki/Essex" title="Essex">Essex</a>, and invades <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kent" title="Kingdom of Kent">Kent</a> for a second time. King <a href="/wiki/Eadric_of_Kent" title="Eadric of Kent">Eadric</a> is expelled, and Cædwalla's brother <a href="/wiki/Mul_of_Kent" title="Mul of Kent">Mul</a> is installed in his place. The sub-kings <a href="/wiki/Berthun_of_Sussex" title="Berthun of Sussex">Berthun</a> and <a href="/wiki/Andhun_of_Sussex" title="Andhun of Sussex">Andhun</a> are killed, and <a href="/wiki/Sussex" title="Sussex">Sussex</a> is subjugated by the <a href="/wiki/Wessex" title="Wessex">West Saxons</a>.</li> <li>Cædwalla conquers <a href="/wiki/Surrey" title="Surrey">Surrey</a>, and tries to exterminate the <a href="/wiki/Jutes" title="Jutes">Jutes</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Wight" title="Isle of Wight">Isle of Wight</a>. He executes King <a href="/wiki/Arwald" title="Arwald">Arwald</a> and his two brothers. Cædwalla probably also overruns the <a href="/wiki/Meonwara" title="Meonwara">Meonware</a>, a Jutish people who live in the <a href="/wiki/River_Meon" title="River Meon">Meon Valley</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hampshire" title="Hampshire">Hampshire</a>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Arabian_Empire_6"> Arabian Empire</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=686&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: Arabian Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/August_6" title="August 6">August 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Khazir" title="Battle of Khazir">Battle of Khazir</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mosul" title="Mosul">Mosul</a>: <a href="/wiki/Alid" class="mw-redirect" title="Alid">Alid</a> forces of <a href="/wiki/Mukhtar_al-Thaqafi" title="Mukhtar al-Thaqafi">Mukhtar al-Thaqafi</a> defeat those of the <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad Caliphate</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubayd_Allah_ibn_Ziyad" title="Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad">Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad</a>, former governor of <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a>, tries to regain control of his province, as the various <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> tribes in the region <a href="/wiki/Kufa" title="Kufa">Kufa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>) are engaged in an Islamic <a href="/wiki/Second_Fitna" title="Second Fitna">civil war</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Malik_ibn_Marwan" title="Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan">Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan</a> imprisons and <a href="/wiki/Torture" title="Torture">tortures</a> patriarch <a href="/wiki/Hnanisho_I" title="Hnanisho I">Mar Khnanishu I</a>. He is the first <a href="/wiki/Caliph" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliph">caliph</a> to insist on the collection of the <a href="/wiki/Tax_per_head" class="mw-redirect" title="Tax per head">poll tax</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christians</a> (approximate date).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Asia_6"> Asia</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=686&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_1" title="October 1">October 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Tenmu" title="Emperor Tenmu">Emperor Tenmu</a> of <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> dies after a 13-year reign, and is succeeded by his widow (and niece), <a href="/wiki/Empress_Jit%C5%8D" title="Empress Jitō">Empress Jitō</a>. She will reign until <a href="/wiki/697" title="697">697</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_25" title="October 25">October 25</a> – Prince <a href="/wiki/Prince_%C5%8Ctsu" title="Prince Ōtsu">Ōtsu</a>, son of Tenmu, is falsely accused of <a href="/wiki/Treason" title="Treason">treason</a> by Jito and forced to commit <a href="/wiki/Suicide" title="Suicide">suicide</a>, along with his wife <a href="/wiki/Princess_Yamanobe" title="Princess Yamanobe">Yamanobe</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_topic_7"> By topic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=686&action=edit&section=T-6" title="Edit section: By topic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Religion_7"> Religion</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=686&action=edit&section=T-7" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/August_2" title="August 2">August 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_V" title="Pope John V">Pope John V</a> dies at <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> after a 12-month reign, in which he has made handsome <a href="/wiki/Donation" title="Donation">donations</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Poverty" title="Poverty">poor</a>. He is succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Conon" title="Pope Conon">Conon I</a> as the 83rd <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">pope</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bubonic_plague" title="Bubonic plague">Plague</a> kills almost all the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Benedict" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of Saint Benedict">Benedictine</a> monks in the <a href="/wiki/Monastery" title="Monastery">monastery</a> of <a href="/wiki/Monkwearmouth%E2%80%93Jarrow_Abbey" title="Monkwearmouth–Jarrow Abbey">Monkwearmouth–Jarrow Abbey</a> (<a href="/wiki/Northumbria" title="Northumbria">Northumbria</a>), aside from the abbot <a href="/wiki/Ceolfrith" title="Ceolfrith">Ceolfrith</a> and one small boy – future scholar <a href="/wiki/Bede" title="Bede">Bede</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlair1990178_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlair1990178-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilfrid" title="Wilfrid">Wilfrid</a>, bishop of <a href="/wiki/York" title="York">York</a>, becomes an advisor of Cædwalla, and is sent to the Isle of Wight to <a href="/wiki/Evangelism" title="Evangelism">evangelise</a> the inhabitants.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJohn199634–35_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJohn199634–35-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="687">687</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/AD_687" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 687">AD 687</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_687&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_687&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place_8"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=687&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Byzantine_Empire_4"> Byzantine Empire</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=687&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Byzantine Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Emperor <a href="/wiki/Justinian_II" title="Justinian II">Justinian II</a> negotiates a <a href="/wiki/Peace_treaty" title="Peace treaty">peace treaty</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad Caliphate</a> (resulting in caliph <a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Malik_ibn_Marwan" title="Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan">Abd al-Malik</a> paying <a href="/wiki/Tribute" title="Tribute">tribute</a>). He removes 12,000 Christian <a href="/wiki/Maronites" title="Maronites">Maronites</a>, who continually resist the <a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arabs</a>, from <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBury1889321_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBury1889321-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Justinian reinforces the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_navy" title="Byzantine navy">Byzantine navy</a> on <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a>, and transfers <a href="/wiki/Cavalry" title="Cavalry">cavalry</a> troops from the <a href="/wiki/Thracesian_Theme" title="Thracesian Theme">Thracesian Theme</a> in <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Theme_of_Thrace" class="mw-redirect" title="Theme of Thrace">Theme of Thrace</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkan Peninsula</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Europe_7"> Europe</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=687&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tertry" title="Battle of Tertry">Battle of Tertry</a>: King <a href="/wiki/Theuderic_III" title="Theuderic III">Theuderic III</a> of <a href="/wiki/Neustria" title="Neustria">Neustria</a> is defeated by <a href="/wiki/Pepin_of_Herstal" title="Pepin of Herstal">Pepin of Herstal</a>, mayor of the palace of <a href="/wiki/Austrasia" title="Austrasia">Austrasia</a>, near <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9ronne,_Somme" title="Péronne, Somme">Péronne</a> (modern France), at the <a href="/wiki/River_Somme" class="mw-redirect" title="River Somme">River Somme</a>. Theuderic withdraws to Paris and is forced to sign a <a href="/wiki/Peace_treaty" title="Peace treaty">peace treaty</a>. Pepin becomes <i>"<a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a>"</i> ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Francia" title="Francia">Frankish Kingdom</a>, and begins calling himself <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_the_Franks" title="Duke of the Franks">Duke of the Franks</a>. He establishes a base for the future rise of the <a href="/wiki/Pippinids" title="Pippinids">Pippinids</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Carolingian_dynasty" title="Carolingian dynasty">Carolingians</a>. Pepin appoints <a href="/wiki/Nordebert" title="Nordebert">Nordebert</a> as <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Burgundy" title="Duke of Burgundy">Duke of Burgundy</a>, and puts him in charge of Neustria and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Burgundy" title="Kingdom of Burgundy">Burgundy</a> (as a sort of <a href="/wiki/Regent" title="Regent">regent</a>).</li> <li>King <a href="/wiki/Erwig" title="Erwig">Erwig</a> dies after a 7-year reign, and is succeeded by his son-in-law <a href="/wiki/Egica" title="Egica">Ergica</a> as ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Visigothic_Kingdom" title="Visigothic Kingdom">Visigothic Kingdom</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Britain_7"> Britain</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=687&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: Britain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>King <a href="/wiki/Mul_of_Kent" title="Mul of Kent">Mul of Kent</a> and 12 companions are <a href="/wiki/Death_by_burning" title="Death by burning">burnt to death</a>, during a <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kent" title="Kingdom of Kent">Kentish</a> uprising. His brother, King <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A6dwalla_of_Wessex" class="mw-redirect" title="Cædwalla of Wessex">Cædwalla of Wessex</a>, ravages the kingdom in revenge.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adomn%C3%A1n" title="Adomnán">Adomnán</a>, Irish <a href="/wiki/Abbot" title="Abbot">abbot</a> of <a href="/wiki/Iona_Abbey" title="Iona Abbey">Iona</a>, visits the court of King <a href="/wiki/Ecgfrith_of_Northumbria" title="Ecgfrith of Northumbria">Ecgfrith</a>, to ransom Irish captives (60 <a href="/wiki/Gaels" title="Gaels">Gaels</a> who had been captured in a <a href="/wiki/Northumbria" title="Northumbria">Northumbrian</a> raid).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_topic_8"> By topic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=687&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: By topic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Religion_8"> Religion</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=687&action=edit&section=T-6" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuthbert" title="Cuthbert">Cuthbert</a>, bishop of <a href="/wiki/Lindisfarne" title="Lindisfarne">Lindisfarne</a>, resigns his office and retires to his <a href="/wiki/Hermitage_(religious_retreat)" title="Hermitage (religious retreat)">hermitage</a> on <a href="/wiki/Farne_Islands" title="Farne Islands">Inner Farne</a> (<a href="/wiki/Northumberland" title="Northumberland">Northumberland</a>) where he dies, after a painful illness.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_21" title="September 21">September 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pope_Conon" title="Pope Conon">Pope Conon I</a> dies at <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> after a 1-year reign, and is succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Sergius_I" title="Pope Sergius I">Sergius I</a> as the 84th <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">pope</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>.</li> <li>Construction of the <a href="/wiki/Dome_of_the_Rock" title="Dome of the Rock">Dome of the Rock</a>, located on the <a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount" title="Temple Mount">Temple Mount</a>, is started in <a href="/wiki/Old_City_(Jerusalem)" class="mw-redirect" title="Old City (Jerusalem)">Jerusalem</a> (approximate date).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="688">688</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/AD_688" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 688">AD 688</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_688&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_688&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place_9"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=688&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Byzantine_Empire_5"> Byzantine Empire</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=688&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Byzantine Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine%E2%80%93Bulgarian_wars" title="Byzantine–Bulgarian wars">Byzantine–Bulgarian War</a>: Emperor <a href="/wiki/Justinian_II" title="Justinian II">Justinian II</a> carries out a <a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkan</a> campaign and marches through <a href="/wiki/Thrace" title="Thrace">Thrace</a>, where he restores <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a> rule. He establishes a <a href="/wiki/Theme_(Byzantine_district)" title="Theme (Byzantine district)">theme</a> administration, and <a href="/wiki/Human_migration" title="Human migration">migrates</a> many <a href="/wiki/Bulgars" title="Bulgars">Bulgars</a> and <a href="/wiki/Slavs" title="Slavs">Slavs</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Opsikion" title="Opsikion">Opsician Theme</a> (<a href="/wiki/Asia_Minor" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia Minor">Asia Minor</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Justinian II reestablishes Byzantine settlement on <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a>, signing a treaty with <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad</a> caliph <a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Malik_ibn_Marwan" title="Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan">Abd al-Malik</a> (and paying an annual <a href="/wiki/Tribute" title="Tribute">tribute</a>) for joint occupation of the island.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Europe_8"> Europe</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=688&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>King <a href="/wiki/Perctarit" title="Perctarit">Perctarit</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Lombards" title="Lombards">Lombards</a> is assassinated by a <a href="/wiki/List_of_conspiracies_(political)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of conspiracies (political)">conspiracy</a>, after a 17-year reign. He is succeeded by his son <a href="/wiki/Cunipert" title="Cunipert">Cunipert</a>, who is crowned ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Lombards" title="Kingdom of the Lombards">Lombard Kingdom</a> in <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alahis" title="Alahis">Alahis</a>, duke of <a href="/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia">Brescia</a>, starts a <a href="/wiki/Civil_war" title="Civil war">civil war</a> in <a href="/wiki/Northern_Italy" title="Northern Italy">Northern Italy</a>. He <a href="/wiki/Siege" title="Siege">besieges</a> Cunipert on an island in <a href="/wiki/Lake_Como" title="Lake Como">Lake Como</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lombardy" title="Lombardy">Lombardy</a>), who breaks out with <a href="/wiki/Piedmont" title="Piedmont">Piedmontese</a> troops.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Britain_8"> Britain</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=688&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: Britain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>King <a href="/wiki/Caedwalla_of_Wessex" class="mw-redirect" title="Caedwalla of Wessex">Caedwalla of Wessex</a> abdicates the <a href="/wiki/Throne" title="Throne">throne</a> and departs on a <a href="/wiki/Pilgrimage" title="Pilgrimage">pilgrimage</a> to <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, possibly because of the wounds he suffered while fighting on the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Wight" title="Isle of Wight">Isle of Wight</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Power_vacuum" title="Power vacuum">power vacuum</a> is filled by <a href="/wiki/Ine_of_Wessex" title="Ine of Wessex">Ine</a>, son of his second cousin, sub-king <a href="/wiki/Cenred_of_Wessex" title="Cenred of Wessex">Coenred of Dorset</a>.</li> <li>King <a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelred_of_Mercia" title="Æthelred of Mercia">Æthelred of Mercia</a> establishes <a href="/wiki/Mercia" title="Mercia">Mercian</a> dominance over most of <a href="/wiki/Southern_England" title="Southern England">Southern England</a>. He installs <a href="/wiki/Oswine_of_Kent" title="Oswine of Kent">Oswine</a>, minor member of the Kentish royal family (second cousin of king <a href="/wiki/Eadric_of_Kent" title="Eadric of Kent">Eadric</a>), as king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kent" title="Kingdom of Kent">Kent</a>. Prince <a href="/wiki/Sw%C3%A6fheard" title="Swæfheard">Swæfheard</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Essex" title="Kingdom of Essex">Essex</a> is given <a href="/wiki/West_Kent" class="mw-redirect" title="West Kent">West Kent</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_topic_9"> By topic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=688&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: By topic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Religion_9"> Religion</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=688&action=edit&section=T-6" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eadberht_of_Lindisfarne" title="Eadberht of Lindisfarne">Eadberht</a> is appointed <a href="/wiki/Bishop" title="Bishop">bishop</a> of <a href="/wiki/Lindisfarne" title="Lindisfarne">Lindisfarne</a> (<a href="/wiki/Northumbria" title="Northumbria">Northumbria</a>). He founds the holy <a href="/wiki/Shrine" title="Shrine">shrine</a> to his predecessor <a href="/wiki/Cuthbert" title="Cuthbert">Cuthbert</a>, a place that becomes a centre of great pilgrimage in later years.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="689">689</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/AD_689" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 689">AD 689</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_689&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_689&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place_10"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=689&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Byzantine_Empire_6"> Byzantine Empire</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=689&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Byzantine Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine%E2%80%93Bulgarian_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine–Bulgarian Wars">Byzantine–Bulgarian War</a>: Emperor <a href="/wiki/Justinian_II" title="Justinian II">Justinian II</a> defeats the <a href="/wiki/Bulgars" title="Bulgars">Bulgars</a> of <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(region)" title="Macedonia (region)">Macedonia</a> and recaptures <a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessalonica</a>, the second most important <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a> city in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOstrogorsky1956116–122_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOstrogorsky1956116–122-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He resettles the subdued <a href="/wiki/Slavs" title="Slavs">Slavs</a> in <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>), where they are required to provide 30,000 men to the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_army" title="Byzantine army">Byzantine army</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Europe_9"> Europe</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=689&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Coronate" title="Battle of Coronate">Battle of Coronate</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Lombards" title="Lombards">Lombards</a> under King <a href="/wiki/Cunipert" title="Cunipert">Cunipert</a> defeat the army of Duke <a href="/wiki/Alahis" title="Alahis">Alahis</a>, at the <a href="/wiki/Adda_River,_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Adda River, Italy">River Adda</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lombardy" title="Lombardy">Lombardy</a>). He executes the rebel leaders; Alahis is captured and his head and legs are cut off.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The southern Lombard <a href="/wiki/Duchy" title="Duchy">duchies</a> take advantage of Cunipert's distraction, and extend their territories.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dorestad" title="Battle of Dorestad">Battle of Dorestad</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Frisians" title="Frisians">Frisians</a> under King <a href="/wiki/Redbad,_King_of_the_Frisians" class="mw-redirect" title="Redbad, King of the Frisians">Radbod</a> are defeated by the <a href="/wiki/Franks" title="Franks">Frankish</a> mayor of the palace, <a href="/wiki/Pippin_of_Herstal" class="mw-redirect" title="Pippin of Herstal">Pippin of Herstal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlok196832–34_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlok196832–34-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhine</a> delta and <a href="/wiki/Dorestad" title="Dorestad">Dorestad</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>) become Frankish again, as well as the castles of <a href="/wiki/Utrecht" title="Utrecht">Utrecht</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fectio" title="Fectio">Fechten</a> (approximate date).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Asia_7"> Asia</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=689&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Asuka_Kiyomihara_Code" title="Asuka Kiyomihara Code">Asuka Kiyomihara Code</a>, a collection of governing rules commenced in <a href="/wiki/681" title="681">681</a> under <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Tenmu" title="Emperor Tenmu">Emperor Tenmu</a>, is promulgated in <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_topic_10"> By topic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=689&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: By topic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Religion_10"> Religion</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=689&action=edit&section=T-6" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A6dwalla_of_Wessex" class="mw-redirect" title="Cædwalla of Wessex">Cædwalla of Wessex</a> arrives in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> and is <a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">baptised</a> by pope <a href="/wiki/Pope_Sergius_I" title="Pope Sergius I">Sergius I</a>, taking the name <a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Peter</a>. He dies 10 days later and is buried at <a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="St. Peter's Basilica">St. Peter's Basilica</a>.</li> <li>Prince <a href="/wiki/Oswald,_king_of_the_Hwicce" title="Oswald, king of the Hwicce">Oswald</a>, brother of King <a href="/wiki/Osric,_king_of_the_Hwicce" class="mw-redirect" title="Osric, king of the Hwicce">Osric</a> of <a href="/wiki/Hwicce" title="Hwicce">Hwicce</a>, founds <a href="/wiki/Pershore_Abbey" title="Pershore Abbey">Pershore Abbey</a> in <a href="/wiki/Worcestershire" title="Worcestershire">Worcestershire</a> (approximate date).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Significant_people">Significant people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=680s&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Significant people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mu%27awiya_I" title="Mu'awiya I">Mu'awiya I</a> caliph</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazid_I" title="Yazid I">Yazid I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mu%27awiya_II" title="Mu'awiya II">Mu'awiya II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marwan_I" title="Marwan I">Marwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Malik_ibn_Marwan" title="Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan">Abd al-Malik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constans_II" title="Constans II">Constans II</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Births">Births</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable noprint selfref">Transcluding articles: <a href="/wiki/680" title="680">680</a>, <a href="/wiki/681" title="681">681</a>, <a href="/wiki/682" title="682">682</a>, <a href="/wiki/683" title="683">683</a>, <a href="/wiki/684" title="684">684</a>, <a href="/wiki/685" title="685">685</a>, <a href="/wiki/686" title="686">686</a>, <a href="/wiki/687" title="687">687</a>, <a href="/wiki/688" title="688">688</a>, and <a href="/wiki/689" title="689">689</a></div> <p><b>680</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Asghar_ibn_Husayn" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali Asghar ibn Husayn">Ali Asghar ibn Husayn</a>, Son of 3rd <a href="/wiki/Shia" class="mw-redirect" title="Shia">shia</a> Imam. Killed in <a href="/wiki/Karbala" title="Karbala">Karbala</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/AD_680" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 680">680</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujiwara_no_Muchimaro" title="Fujiwara no Muchimaro">Fujiwara no Muchimaro</a>, Japanese politician (d. <a href="/wiki/AD_737" title="AD 737">737</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empress_Gensh%C5%8D" title="Empress Genshō">Genshō</a>, empress of <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/748" title="748">748</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Oda" title="Saint Oda">Oda of Scotland</a>, Christian <a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">saint</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu_Daozi" title="Wu Daozi">Wu Daozi</a>, Chinese <a href="/wiki/Painting" title="Painting">painter</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/760" title="760">760</a>)</li></ul> <p><b>681</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fujiwara_no_Fusasaki" title="Fujiwara no Fusasaki">Fujiwara no Fusasaki</a>, Japanese <a href="/wiki/Sangi_(Japan)" title="Sangi (Japan)">counselor</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/AD_737" title="AD 737">737</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pei_Yaoqing" title="Pei Yaoqing">Pei Yaoqing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Tang_dynasty" title="Chancellor of the Tang dynasty">chancellor of the Tang dynasty</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/743" title="743">743</a>)</li></ul> <p><b>682</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_20" title="July 20">July 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Taich%C5%8D" title="Taichō">Taichō</a>, Japanese <a href="/wiki/Shugend%C5%8D" title="Shugendō">Buddhist</a> monk (d. <a href="/wiki/AD_767" title="AD 767">767</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2" title="November 2">November 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Umar_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Umar II">Umar II</a>, Muslim <a href="/wiki/Caliph" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliph">caliph</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/720" title="720">720</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Chongrun" class="mw-redirect" title="Li Chongrun">Li Chongrun</a>, prince of the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/701" title="701">701</a>)</li></ul> <p><b>683</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bilge_Khagan" class="mw-redirect" title="Bilge Khagan">Bilge Khan</a>, ruler (<i><a href="/wiki/Khagan" title="Khagan">khagan</a></i>) of the <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6kt%C3%BCrks" title="Göktürks">Turkic Khaganate</a> (or <a href="/wiki/684" title="684">684</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empress_Gensh%C5%8D" title="Empress Genshō">Genshō</a>, empress regnant of <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/748" title="748">748</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Monmu" title="Emperor Monmu">Monmu</a>, emperor of Japan (d. <a href="/wiki/AD_707" title="AD 707">707</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_Xing" title="Yi Xing">Yi Xing</a>, Chinese <a href="/wiki/Astronomer" title="Astronomer">astronomer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mechanical_engineering" title="Mechanical engineering">mechanical engineer</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/AD_727" title="AD 727">727</a>)</li></ul> <p><b>684</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gao_Lishi" title="Gao Lishi">Gao Lishi</a>, official and <a href="/wiki/Eunuch" title="Eunuch">eunuch</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/762" title="762">762</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Anle" title="Princess Anle">Li Guo'er</a>, princess of the Tang dynasty (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Nagaya" title="Prince Nagaya">Nagaya</a>, Japanese prince and politician (d. <a href="/wiki/729" title="729">729</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tachibana_no_Moroe" title="Tachibana no Moroe">Tachibana no Moroe</a>, Japanese prince and minister (d. <a href="/wiki/AD_757" title="AD 757">757</a>)</li></ul> <p><b>685</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/September_8" title="September 8">September 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Xuanzong_of_Tang" title="Emperor Xuanzong of Tang">Xuan Zong</a>, emperor of the Tang dynasty (d. <a href="/wiki/762" title="762">762</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kul_Tigin" title="Kul Tigin">Kul Tigin</a>, general and prince of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Turkic_Khaganate" title="Second Turkic Khaganate">Second Turkic Khaganate</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/731" title="731">731</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_III_the_Isaurian" title="Leo III the Isaurian">Leo III</a>, emperor of the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/741" title="741">741</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Xianhui" class="mw-redirect" title="Li Xianhui">Li Xianhui</a>, princess of the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/701" title="701">701</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miao_Jinqing" title="Miao Jinqing">Miao Jinqing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Tang_dynasty" title="Chancellor of the Tang dynasty">chancellor of the Tang dynasty</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/765" title="765">765</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelagius_of_Asturias" title="Pelagius of Asturias">Pelagius</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Asturias" title="Kingdom of Asturias">Asturias</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodbert_of_Bavaria" title="Theodbert of Bavaria">Theodbert</a>, duke of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Bavaria" title="Duchy of Bavaria">Bavaria</a> (approximate date)</li></ul> <p><b>687</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eucherius_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Eucherius of Orléans">Eucherius</a>, Frankish <a href="/wiki/Bishop" title="Bishop">bishop</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/743" title="743">743</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wei_Jiansu" title="Wei Jiansu">Wei Jiansu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Tang_dynasty" title="Chancellor of the Tang dynasty">chancellor of the Tang dynasty</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/763" title="763">763</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wittiza" title="Wittiza">Wittiza</a>, king of the <a href="/wiki/Visigoths" title="Visigoths">Visigoths</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazid_II" title="Yazid II">Yazid II</a>, Muslim <a href="/wiki/Caliph" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliph">caliph</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/724" title="724">724</a>)</li></ul> <p><b>688</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Martel" title="Charles Martel">Charles Martel</a>, Frankish statesman and founder of the <a href="/wiki/Carolingian_dynasty" title="Carolingian dynasty">Carolingian dynasty</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/741" title="741">741</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jianzhen" title="Jianzhen">Jianzhen</a>, Chinese <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhist</a> monk (d. <a href="/wiki/763" title="763">763</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Zhihuan" title="Wang Zhihuan">Wang Zhihuan</a>, Chinese <a href="/wiki/Chinese_poetry" title="Chinese poetry">poet</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/742" title="742">742</a>)</li></ul> <p><b>689</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Othmar" title="Saint Othmar">Othmar</a>, Swiss <a href="/wiki/Abbot" title="Abbot">abbot</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C5%8Dben" title="Rōben">Rōben</a>, Japanese <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Japan" title="Buddhism in Japan">Buddhist</a> monk (d. <a href="/wiki/773" title="773">773</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deaths">Deaths</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable noprint selfref">Transcluding articles: <a href="/wiki/680" title="680">680</a>, <a href="/wiki/681" title="681">681</a>, <a href="/wiki/682" title="682">682</a>, <a href="/wiki/683" title="683">683</a>, <a href="/wiki/684" title="684">684</a>, <a href="/wiki/685" title="685">685</a>, <a href="/wiki/686" title="686">686</a>, <a href="/wiki/687" title="687">687</a>, <a href="/wiki/688" title="688">688</a>, and <a href="/wiki/689" title="689">689</a></div> <p><b>680</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1" title="January 1">January 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Javanshir" class="mw-redirect" title="Javanshir">Javanshir</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Caucasian_Albania" title="Caucasian Albania">Caucasian Albania</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/616" title="616">616</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_30" title="January 30">January 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Balthild" class="mw-redirect" title="Balthild">Balthild</a>, queen of the <a href="/wiki/Franks" title="Franks">Franks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_9" title="October 9">October 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Saint_Ghislain" title="Saint Ghislain">Ghislain</a>, Frankish <a href="/wiki/Anchorite" title="Anchorite">anchorite</a> and saint</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_10" title="October 10">October 10</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbas_ibn_Ali" title="Abbas ibn Ali">Abbas ibn Ali</a>, son of <a href="/wiki/Imam_Ali" class="mw-redirect" title="Imam Ali">Imam Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Akbar_ibn_Husayn" title="Ali al-Akbar ibn Husayn">Ali al-Akbar ibn Husayn</a>, son of <a href="/wiki/Husayn_ibn_Ali" title="Husayn ibn Ali">Al-Husayn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Asghar_ibn_Husayn" title="Ali al-Asghar ibn Husayn">Ali al-Asghar ibn Husayn</a>, son of <a href="/wiki/Husayn_ibn_Ali" title="Husayn ibn Ali">Al-Husayn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habib_ibn_Madhahir" class="mw-redirect" title="Habib ibn Madhahir">Habib ibn Madhahir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Husayn_ibn_Ali" title="Husayn ibn Ali">Husayn ibn Ali</a>, third Shia <a href="/wiki/Imam" title="Imam">Imam</a> and grandson of <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/626" title="626">626</a>)K</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Agatho_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Agatho of Alexandria">Agatho</a>, pope of the <a href="/wiki/Coptic_Orthodox_Church_of_Alexandria" class="mw-redirect" title="Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria">Coptic Orthodox Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bh%C4%81skara_I" title="Bhāskara I">Bhāskara I</a>, Indian <a href="/wiki/Indian_mathematics" title="Indian mathematics">mathematician</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A6dmon" title="Cædmon">Cædmon</a>, Northumbrian <a href="/wiki/English_poetry" title="English poetry">poet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebroin" title="Ebroin">Ebroin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_the_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayor of the Palace">Mayor of the Palace</a> of <a href="/wiki/Neustria" title="Neustria">Neustria</a> (or <a href="/wiki/681" title="681">681</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilda_of_Whitby" title="Hilda of Whitby">Hilda of Whitby</a>, Northumbrian abbess and saint</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muawiyah_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Muawiyah I">Muawiyah I</a>, founder of the <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad Caliphate</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/602" title="602">602</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umm_Salama" title="Umm Salama">Umm Salama</a>, wife of Muhammad</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vikramaditya_I" title="Vikramaditya I">Vikramaditya I</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Chalukya_dynasty" title="Chalukya dynasty">Chalukya</a> (<a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wulfoald" title="Wulfoald">Wulfoald</a>, Mayor of the Palace of <a href="/wiki/Austrasia" title="Austrasia">Austrasia</a></li></ul> <p><b>681</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_10" title="January 10">January 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pope_Agatho" title="Pope Agatho">Pope Agatho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebroin" title="Ebroin">Ebroin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_the_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayor of the Palace">Mayor of the Palace</a> of <a href="/wiki/Neustria" title="Neustria">Neustria</a> (or <a href="/wiki/680" title="680">680</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hao_Chujun" title="Hao Chujun">Hao Chujun</a>, general of the Tang dynasty (b. <a href="/wiki/607" title="607">607</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayavarman_I" title="Jayavarman I">Jayavarman I</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Chenla_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Chenla Kingdom">Chenla</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munmu_of_Silla" title="Munmu of Silla">Munmu</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Silla" title="Silla">Silla</a> (<a href="/wiki/Three_Kingdoms_of_Korea" title="Three Kingdoms of Korea">Korea</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-met_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-met-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Jaui" title="Queen Jaui">Queen Jaui</a>, Korean queen consort</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Munmyeong" title="Queen Munmyeong">Queen Munmyeong</a>, Korean queen consort</li></ul> <p><b>682</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbatus_of_Benevento" title="Barbatus of Benevento">Barbatus</a>, bishop of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Benevento" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Benevento">Benevento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilal_ibn_al-Harith" title="Bilal ibn al-Harith">Bilal ibn al-Harith</a>, companion of <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaynab_bint_Ali" title="Zaynab bint Ali">Zaynab bint Ali</a>, sister of <a href="/wiki/Husayn_ibn_Ali" title="Husayn ibn Ali">Husayn ibn Ali</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/626" title="626">626</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bojang_of_Goguryeo" title="Bojang of Goguryeo">Bojang</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Goguryeo" title="Goguryeo">Goguryeo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Three_Kingdoms_of_Korea" title="Three Kingdoms of Korea">Korea</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buyeo_Yung" title="Buyeo Yung">Buyeo Yung</a>, prince of <a href="/wiki/Baekje" title="Baekje">Baekje</a> (in exile in <a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadwaladr" title="Cadwaladr">Cadwaladr</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Gwynedd" title="Kingdom of Gwynedd">Gwynedd</a> (Wales)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cenn_F%C3%A1elad_mac_Colgan" title="Cenn Fáelad mac Colgan">Cenn Fáelad mac Colgan</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Connacht" title="Connacht">Connacht</a> (Ireland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Jingxuan" title="Li Jingxuan">Li Jingxuan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Tang_dynasty" title="Chancellor of the Tang dynasty">chancellor of the Tang dynasty</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/615" title="615">615</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maslama_ibn_Mukhallad" title="Maslama ibn Mukhallad">Maslama ibn Mukhallad</a>, companion of Muhammad</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Simiao" title="Sun Simiao">Sun Simiao</a>, Chinese <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_medicine" title="Traditional Chinese medicine">medicine</a> doctor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_K%CA%BCawiil_Ajaw" title="Lady Kʼawiil Ajaw">Lady Kʼawiil Ajaw</a>, queen regnant of the Maya city-state of Cobá (b. <a href="/wiki/617" title="617">617</a>)</li></ul> <p><b>683</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/June_28" title="June 28">June 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_II" title="Pope Leo II">Leo II</a>, pope of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/611" title="611">611</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_11" title="November 11">November 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Yazid_I" title="Yazid I">Yazid I</a>, Muslim <a href="/wiki/Caliph" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliph">caliph</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/647" title="647">647</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_27" title="December 27">December 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Gaozong_of_Tang" title="Emperor Gaozong of Tang">Gao Zong</a>, emperor of the Tang dynasty (b. <a href="/wiki/628" title="628">628</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86bbe_of_Coldingham" title="Æbbe of Coldingham">Æbbe</a>, Anglo-Saxon princess and <a href="/wiki/Abbess" title="Abbess">abbess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anseung" title="Anseung">Anseung</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Goguryeo" title="Goguryeo">Goguryeo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Three_Kingdoms_of_Korea" title="Three Kingdoms of Korea">Korea</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cui_Zhiwen" title="Cui Zhiwen">Cui Zhiwen</a>, official of the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/627" title="627">627</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BAnchad_Muirisci" title="Dúnchad Muirisci">Dúnchad Muirisci</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Connacht" title="Connacht">Connacht</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%27inich_Janaab%27_Pakal" class="mw-redirect" title="K'inich Janaab' Pakal">K'inich Janaab' Pakal</a> ("Pacal the Great"), ruler (<i><a href="/wiki/Ajaw" title="Ajaw">ajaw</a></i>) of <a href="/wiki/Palenque" title="Palenque">Palenque</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/603" title="603">603</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sighere_of_Essex" title="Sighere of Essex">Sighere</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Essex" title="Essex">Essex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waningus" title="Waningus">Waningus</a>, Frankish <a href="/wiki/Abbot" title="Abbot">abbot</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xue_Rengui" title="Xue Rengui">Xue Rengui</a>, general of the Tang dynasty (b. <a href="/wiki/614" title="614">614</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xue_Yuanchao" title="Xue Yuanchao">Xue Yuanchao</a>, official of the Tang dynasty (b. 622)</li></ul> <p><b>684</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adarnase_II_of_Iberia" title="Adarnase II of Iberia">Adarnase II</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Iberia" title="Principality of Iberia">Iberia</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldegund" title="Aldegund">Aldegund</a>, Frankish <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Benedict" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of Saint Benedict">Benedictine</a> <a href="/wiki/Abbess" title="Abbess">abbess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine-Silvanus" title="Constantine-Silvanus">Constantine of Mananali</a>, founder of the <a href="/wiki/Paulicianism" title="Paulicianism">Paulicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gistemar" title="Gistemar">Ghislemar</a>, mayor of the palace in <a href="/wiki/Neustria" title="Neustria">Neustria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Burgundy" title="Kingdom of Burgundy">Burgundy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Xian_(prince)" class="mw-redirect" title="Li Xian (prince)">Li Xian</a>, prince of the Tang dynasty (b. <a href="/wiki/653" title="653">653</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luo_Binwang" title="Luo Binwang">Luo Binwang</a>, Chinese <a href="/wiki/Chinese_poetry" title="Chinese poetry">poet</a> and official</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mu%27awiya_II" title="Mu'awiya II">Mu'awiya II</a>, Muslim <a href="/wiki/Caliph" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliph">caliph</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/661" title="661">661</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pei_Yan" title="Pei Yan">Pei Yan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Tang_dynasty" title="Chancellor of the Tang dynasty">chancellor of the Tang dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philibert_of_Jumi%C3%A8ges" title="Philibert of Jumièges">Philibert of Jumièges</a>, Frankish <a href="/wiki/Abbot" title="Abbot">abbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severus_II_bar_Masqeh" title="Severus II bar Masqeh">Severus II bar Masqeh</a>, Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><b>685</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_6" title="February 6">February 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hlothhere_of_Kent" title="Hlothhere of Kent">Hlothhere</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kent" title="Kingdom of Kent">Kent</a><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_8" title="May 8">May 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_II" title="Pope Benedict II">Benedict II</a>, pope of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/635" title="635">635</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_20" title="May 20">May 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ecgfrith_of_Northumbria" title="Ecgfrith of Northumbria">Ecgfrith</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Northumbria" title="Northumbria">Northumbria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelwealh_of_Sussex" title="Æthelwealh of Sussex">Æthelwealh</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sussex" title="Kingdom of Sussex">Sussex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anania_Shirakatsi" title="Anania Shirakatsi">Anania Shirakatsi</a>, Armenian <a href="/wiki/Astronomer" title="Astronomer">astronomer</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/610" title="610">610</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beornh%C3%A6th" title="Beornhæth">Beornhæth</a>, Anglo-Saxon nobleman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centwine_of_Wessex" title="Centwine of Wessex">Centwine</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Wessex" title="Wessex">Wessex</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_IV" title="Constantine IV">Constantine IV</a>, Byzantine emperor (b. <a href="/wiki/652" title="652">652</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Rengui" title="Liu Rengui">Liu Rengui</a>, chancellor of the Tang dynasty (b. <a href="/wiki/602" title="602">602</a>)</li></ul> <p><b>686</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/August_2" title="August 2">August 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_V" title="Pope John V">John V</a>, pope of <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/635" title="635">635</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1" title="October 1">October 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Tenmu" title="Emperor Tenmu">Tenmu</a>, emperor of <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_25" title="October 25">October 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Prince_%C5%8Ctsu" title="Prince Ōtsu">Ōtsu</a>, Japanese prince (b. <a href="/wiki/663" title="663">663</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andhun_of_Sussex" title="Andhun of Sussex">Andhun</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sussex" title="Kingdom of Sussex">Sussex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arwald" title="Arwald">Arwald</a>, king of the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Wight" title="Isle of Wight">Isle of Wight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audoin_(bishop)" title="Audoin (bishop)">Audoin</a>, bishop of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Rouen" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Rouen">Rouen</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/609" title="609">609</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berthun_of_Sussex" title="Berthun of Sussex">Berthun</a>, king of Sussex</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eadric_of_Kent" title="Eadric of Kent">Eadric</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kent" title="Kingdom of Kent">Kent</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eanfl%C3%A6d" title="Eanflæd">Eanflæd</a>, queen of <a href="/wiki/Northumbria" title="Northumbria">Northumbria</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eata_of_Hexham" title="Eata of Hexham">Eata of Hexham</a>, bishop of <a href="/wiki/Lindisfarne" title="Lindisfarne">Lindisfarne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Husayn_ibn_Numayr_al-Sakuni" title="Husayn ibn Numayr al-Sakuni">Husayn ibn Numayr</a>, Muslim general</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landelin" title="Landelin">Landelin</a>, Frankish <a href="/wiki/Abbot" title="Abbot">abbot</a> and saint</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waratton" class="mw-redirect" title="Waratton">Waratton</a>, mayor of the palace of <a href="/wiki/Neustria" title="Neustria">Neustria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wonhyo" title="Wonhyo">Wonhyo</a>, Korean <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhist</a> monk (b. <a href="/wiki/617" title="617">617</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Yamanobe" title="Princess Yamanobe">Yamanobe</a>, Japanese princess</li></ul> <p><b>687</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_20" title="March 20">March 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cuthbert" title="Cuthbert">Cuthbert</a>, Anglo-Saxon bishop</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_21" title="September 21">September 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pope_Conon" title="Pope Conon">Pope Conon I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_Allah_ibn_Abbas" class="mw-redirect" title="Abd Allah ibn Abbas">Abd Allah ibn Abbas</a>, cousin of <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erwig" title="Erwig">Erwig</a>, king of the Visigoths</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mul_of_Kent" title="Mul of Kent">Mul</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kent" title="Kingdom of Kent">Kent</a> (<a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romuald_I_of_Benevento" title="Romuald I of Benevento">Romuald I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wamba_(king)" title="Wamba (king)">Wamba</a>, king of the Visigoths</li></ul> <p><b>688</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_24" title="May 24">May 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9g%C3%A9ne" title="Ségéne">Ségéne</a>, bishop of Armagh (b. c. <a href="/wiki/610" title="610">610</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Aswad_al-Du%27ali" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu al-Aswad al-Du'ali">Abu al-Aswad al-Du'ali</a>, Muslim <a href="/wiki/Scholarly_method" title="Scholarly method">scholar</a> (or <a href="/wiki/689" title="689">689</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1el_D%C3%BAin_mac_Conaill" title="Máel Dúin mac Conaill">Máel Dúin mac Conaill</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1l_Riata" title="Dál Riata">Dál Riata</a> (<a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perctarit" title="Perctarit">Perctarit</a>, king of the <a href="/wiki/Lombards" title="Lombards">Lombards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rictrude" title="Rictrude">Rictrude</a>, Frankish <a href="/wiki/Abbess" title="Abbess">abbess</a></li></ul> <p><b>689</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_20" title="April 20">April 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A6dwalla_of_Wessex" class="mw-redirect" title="Cædwalla of Wessex">Cædwalla</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Wessex" title="Wessex">Wessex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_8" title="July 8">July 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Saint_Kilian" title="Saint Kilian">Kilian</a>, Irish <a href="/wiki/Bishop" title="Bishop">bishop</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_10" title="May 10">May 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Prince_Kusakabe" title="Prince Kusakabe">Kusakabe</a>, Japanese prince (b. <a href="/wiki/662" title="662">662</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_10" title="September 10">September 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Guo_Zhengyi" title="Guo Zhengyi">Guo Zhengyi</a>, official of the <a href="/wiki/History_of_China" title="History of China">Chinese</a> <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alahis" title="Alahis">Alahis</a>, king (<a href="/wiki/Usurper" title="Usurper">usurper</a>) of the <a href="/wiki/Lombards" title="Lombards">Lombards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Colman_(martyr)" title="Saint Colman (martyr)">Colman</a>, Irish <a href="/wiki/Missionary" title="Missionary">missionary</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grimoald_II_of_Benevento" title="Grimoald II of Benevento">Grimoald II</a>, duke of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Benevento" title="Duchy of Benevento">Benevento</a> (<a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_III_of_Alexandria" title="Pope John III of Alexandria">John III</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pope_of_the_Coptic_Orthodox_Church_of_Alexandria" class="mw-redirect" title="Pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria">Coptic Orthodox pope of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Jingxian" title="Liu Jingxian">Liu Jingxian</a>, official of the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Totnan" title="Saint Totnan">Totnan</a>, Irish <a href="/wiki/Franconia" title="Franconia">Franconian</a> apostle</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=680s&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBury1889333–334-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBury1889333–334_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBury1889">Bury 1889</a>, pp. 333–334.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHodges1984-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHodges1984_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHodges1984">Hodges 1984</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirby1992119-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKirby1992119_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKirby1992">Kirby 1992</a>, p. 119.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGordon2005144–146-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGordon2005144–146_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGordon2005">Gordon 2005</a>, pp. 144–146.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECollierBarham1840250-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollierBarham1840250_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCollierBarham1840">Collier & Barham 1840</a>, p. 250.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchieffer197276–77,_103–105-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchieffer197276–77,_103–105_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSchieffer1972">Schieffer 1972</a>, pp. 76–77, 103–105.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENorwich1990326-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENorwich1990326_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNorwich1990">Norwich 1990</a>, p. 326.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKazhdan1991501-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKazhdan1991501_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKazhdan1991">Kazhdan 1991</a>, p. 501.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBury1889308-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBury1889308_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBury1889">Bury 1889</a>, p. 308.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBellingerGrierson1968513-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBellingerGrierson1968513_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBellingerGrierson1968">Bellinger & Grierson 1968</a>, p. 513.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBury1889309-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBury1889309_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBury1889">Bury 1889</a>, p. 309.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETucker2010205-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETucker2010205_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTucker2010">Tucker 2010</a>, p. 205.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-met-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-met_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-met_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/koru/hd_koru.htm">"List of Rulers of Korea"</a>. <i>www.metmuseum.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.metmuseum.org&rft.atitle=List+of+Rulers+of+Korea&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.metmuseum.org%2Ftoah%2Fhd%2Fkoru%2Fhd_koru.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A680s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Canduci, p. 198.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (September 2021)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Annals_of_Ulster" title="Annals of Ulster">Annals of Ulster</a></i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (September 2021)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKenna2011" class="citation book cs1">McKenna, Amy (2011). <i>The History of Northern Africa</i>. Britannica Educational Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1615303182" title="Special:BookSources/978-1615303182"><bdi>978-1615303182</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Northern+Africa&rft.pub=Britannica+Educational+Publishing&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1615303182&rft.aulast=McKenna&rft.aufirst=Amy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A680s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChaney1970" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Chaney" title="William Chaney">Chaney, William A.</a> (1970). <i>The Cult of Kingship in Anglo-Saxon England: The Transition from Paganism to Christianity</i>. Manchester: Manchester University Press. p. 168.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cult+of+Kingship+in+Anglo-Saxon+England%3A+The+Transition+from+Paganism+to+Christianity&rft.place=Manchester&rft.pages=168&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=1970&rft.aulast=Chaney&rft.aufirst=William+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A680s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Bede" title="Bede">Bede</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Historia_ecclesiastica_gentis_Anglorum" class="mw-redirect" title="Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum">Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum</a></i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (September 2021)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKazhdan19911084-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKazhdan19911084_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKazhdan1991">Kazhdan 1991</a>, p. 1084.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-InSaxonSx-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-InSaxonSx_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alec Hamilton-Barr. In Saxon Sussex. The Arundel Press, Bognor Regis, p. 21</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A Chronicle of England (B.C. 55–A.D. 1485), by James. E. Doyle (1864). "The Saxons", p. 37</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Events of the Tang Dynasty: "Time line of the Tang Dynasty" (Tang Zhong Zong 684–685 A.D)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlair1990178-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlair1990178_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBlair1990">Blair 1990</a>, p. 178.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Plummer, <i>Bedae Opera Historica</i>, Vol. 1, p. 12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJohn199634–35-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJohn199634–35_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJohn1996">John 1996</a>, pp. 34–35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBury1889321-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBury1889321_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBury1889">Bury 1889</a>, p. 321.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Farmer, David Hugh (1997). <i>The Oxford Dictionary of Saints</i>. Oxford University Press. p. 120. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-280058-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-280058-2">0-19-280058-2</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFine1991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Van_Antwerp_Fine_Jr." title="John Van Antwerp Fine Jr.">Fine, John V. A. Jr.</a> (1991) [1983]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Y0NBxG9Id58C"><i>The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century</i></a>. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. p. 71. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-472-08149-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-472-08149-7"><bdi>0-472-08149-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Early+Medieval+Balkans%3A+A+Critical+Survey+from+the+Sixth+to+the+Late+Twelfth+Century&rft.place=Ann+Arbor&rft.pages=71&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-472-08149-7&rft.aulast=Fine&rft.aufirst=John+V.+A.+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DY0NBxG9Id58C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A680s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Yorke, Barbara (1990), "Kings and Kingdoms of Early Anglo-Saxon England", London: Seaby, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85264-027-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-85264-027-8">1-85264-027-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOstrogorsky1956116–122-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOstrogorsky1956116–122_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOstrogorsky1956">Ostrogorsky 1956</a>, pp. 116–122.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hodgkin, Thomas (1895). "Italy and her Invaders", volume 6. Oxford</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlok196832–34-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlok196832–34_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBlok1968">Blok 1968</a>, pp. 32–34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_Rompay2011" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Van Rompay, Lucas (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Severos-bar-Mashqo">"Severos bar Mashqo"</a>. In Sebastian P. Brock; Aaron M. Butts; <a href="/wiki/George_A._Kiraz" class="mw-redirect" title="George A. Kiraz">George A. Kiraz</a>; Lucas Van Rompay (eds.). <i>Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage: Electronic Edition</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Severos+bar+Mashqo&rft.btitle=Gorgias+Encyclopedic+Dictionary+of+the+Syriac+Heritage%3A+Electronic+Edition&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Van+Rompay&rft.aufirst=Lucas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgedsh.bethmardutho.org%2FSeveros-bar-Mashqo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A680s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCheneyJones2000" class="citation book cs1">Cheney, Christopher Robert; Jones, Michael (6 April 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9_Fakx-flCkC&pg=PA23"><i>A Handbook of Dates: For Students of British History</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 23. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-77845-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-77845-9"><bdi>978-0-521-77845-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Handbook+of+Dates%3A+For+Students+of+British+History&rft.pages=23&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2000-04-06&rft.isbn=978-0-521-77845-9&rft.aulast=Cheney&rft.aufirst=Christopher+Robert&rft.au=Jones%2C+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9_Fakx-flCkC%26pg%3DPA23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A680s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Benedict-II">"Saint Benedict II | pope"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Saint+Benedict+II+%7C+pope&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FSaint-Benedict-II&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A680s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=680s&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBellingerGrierson1968" class="citation book cs1">Bellinger, Alfred Raymond; <a href="/wiki/Philip_Grierson" title="Philip Grierson">Grierson, Philip</a> (1968). <i>Catalogue of the Byzantine coins in the Dumbarton Oaks Collection and in the Whittemore Collection</i>. Dumbarton Oaks. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/847177622">847177622</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Catalogue+of+the+Byzantine+coins+in+the+Dumbarton+Oaks+Collection+and+in+the+Whittemore+Collection&rft.pub=Dumbarton+Oaks&rft.date=1968&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F847177622&rft.aulast=Bellinger&rft.aufirst=Alfred+Raymond&rft.au=Grierson%2C+Philip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A680s" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlair1990" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Hunter_Blair" title="Peter Hunter Blair">Blair, Peter Hunter</a> (1990). <i>The World of Bede</i> (Reprint of 1970 ed.). Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-39819-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-39819-0"><bdi>978-0-521-39819-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World+of+Bede&rft.edition=Reprint+of+1970&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-521-39819-0&rft.aulast=Blair&rft.aufirst=Peter+Hunter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A680s" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlok1968" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Blok, Dirk Peter (1968). <i>De Franken, hun optreden in het licht der historie</i> [<i>The Franks: their actions in the light of history</i>] (in Dutch). Bussum: Fibula-Van Dishoeck. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/5060822">5060822</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=De+Franken%2C+hun+optreden+in+het+licht+der+historie&rft.place=Bussum&rft.pub=Fibula-Van+Dishoeck&rft.date=1968&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F5060822&rft.aulast=Blok&rft.aufirst=Dirk+Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A680s" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBury1889" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/J._B._Bury" title="J. B. Bury">Bury, John Bagnall</a> (1889). <i>A History of the Later Roman Empire from Arcadius to Irene</i>. Vol. II. London: Macmillan.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Later+Roman+Empire+from+Arcadius+to+Irene&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1889&rft.aulast=Bury&rft.aufirst=John+Bagnall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A680s" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollierBarham1840" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Collier" title="Jeremy Collier">Collier, Jeremy</a>; <a href="/wiki/Francis_Foster_Barham" title="Francis Foster Barham">Barham, Francis Foster</a> (1840). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_1o03AAAAMAAJ"><i>An Ecclesiastical History of Great Britain</i></a>. Vol. 1. London: William Straker.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Ecclesiastical+History+of+Great+Britain&rft.place=London&rft.pub=William+Straker&rft.date=1840&rft.aulast=Collier&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft.au=Barham%2C+Francis+Foster&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_1o03AAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A680s" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGordon2005" class="citation book cs1">Gordon, Matthew (2005). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/riseofislam0000gord"><i>The Rise of Islam</i></a></span>. Greenwood Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-32522-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-32522-9"><bdi>978-0-313-32522-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rise+of+Islam&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-313-32522-9&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Friseofislam0000gord&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A680s" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHodges1984" class="citation journal cs1">Hodges, Richard (1984). "Frisians and Franks: Argonauts of the Dark Ages". <i>Archaeology</i>. <b>37</b> (1): 26–31. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0003-8113">0003-8113</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41728801">41728801</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archaeology&rft.atitle=Frisians+and+Franks%3A+Argonauts+of+the+Dark+Ages&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=26-31&rft.date=1984&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41728801%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0003-8113&rft.aulast=Hodges&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A680s" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Eric_John" title="Eric John">John, Eric</a> (1996). <i>Reassessing Anglo-Saxon England</i>. Manchester University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7190-5053-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-7190-5053-7"><bdi>0-7190-5053-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reassessing+Anglo-Saxon+England&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-7190-5053-7&rft.aulast=John&rft.aufirst=Eric&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A680s" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKazhdan1991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kazhdan" title="Alexander Kazhdan">Kazhdan, Alexander Petrovich</a>, ed. (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Q3u5RAAACAAJ"><i>The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium</i></a>. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-504652-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-504652-6"><bdi>978-0-19-504652-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Dictionary+of+Byzantium&rft.place=New+York+and+Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-19-504652-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQ3u5RAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A680s" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKirby1992" class="citation book cs1">Kirby, D. P. (1992). <i>The Earliest English Kings</i>. London: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-09086-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-09086-5"><bdi>0-415-09086-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Earliest+English+Kings&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-415-09086-5&rft.aulast=Kirby&rft.aufirst=D.+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A680s" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorwich1990" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Julius_Norwich" title="John Julius Norwich">Norwich, John Julius</a> (1990). <i>Byzantium: The Early Centuries</i>. <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Group" title="Penguin Group">Penguin</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-011447-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-14-011447-5"><bdi>0-14-011447-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Byzantium%3A+The+Early+Centuries&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-14-011447-5&rft.aulast=Norwich&rft.aufirst=John+Julius&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A680s" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOstrogorsky1956" class="citation book cs1">Ostrogorsky, George (1956). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Bt0_AAAAYAAJ"><i>History of the Byzantine State</i></a>. Oxford: Blackwell.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Byzantine+State&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Blackwell&rft.date=1956&rft.aulast=Ostrogorsky&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBt0_AAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A680s" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchieffer1972" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Schieffer" title="Theodor Schieffer">Schieffer, Theodor</a> (1972) [1954]. <i>Winfrid-Bonifatius und die christliche Grundlegung Europas</i> (in German). Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-534-06065-2" title="Special:BookSources/3-534-06065-2"><bdi>3-534-06065-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Winfrid-Bonifatius+und+die+christliche+Grundlegung+Europas&rft.pub=Wissenschaftliche+Buchgesellschaft&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=3-534-06065-2&rft.aulast=Schieffer&rft.aufirst=Theodor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A680s" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTucker2010" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Tucker, Spencer C., ed. (2010). <i>A Global Chronology of Conflict</i>. Vol. I: Ca. 3000 BCE–1499 CE. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-672-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-672-5"><bdi>978-1-85109-672-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Global+Chronology+of+Conflict&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-85109-672-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A680s" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=680s&oldid=1227114087">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=680s&oldid=1227114087</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:680s" title="Category:680s">680s</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_incomplete_citations" title="Category:All articles with incomplete citations">All articles with incomplete citations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_incomplete_citations_from_September_2021" title="Category:Articles with incomplete citations from September 2021">Articles with incomplete citations from September 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Dutch-language_sources_(nl)" title="Category:CS1 Dutch-language sources (nl)">CS1 Dutch-language sources (nl)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)" title="Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)">CS1 German-language sources (de)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1:_long_volume_value" title="Category:CS1: long volume value">CS1: long volume value</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 3 June 2024, at 20:03<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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